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Amor, Belleza, Daimon
Vida de Plotino y orden de sus libros
Amor, Belleza, Daimon - Porfirio, Plotino - Me cayó el veinte
Publisher name:
Me cayó el veinte
Enneads consist of six books each treated nine (hence the term ennead). The nine was a Greek term ??? e ?? serving to designate the plural plural, ie, infinity, the whole. But also he responded to the cosmogony of the Egyptians designated the group of nine gods. Perhaps we might think that in each ennead there is an implicit reference to some deity; ie in each treaty within each book, in each section, in each line, the deity is present.
For the edition of this booklet, we have chosen three basic themes that make up a small part-but importantísima- of the great Plotinian work and guide our reading: love, beauty and Daimon, very current references of modern and indispensable reflection for the psychoanalyst .
Book: Amor, Belleza, Daimon
ISBN: 9786077694014
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The Town Of Yarmouth
Chaco National Park Is Perfect For Those Who Enjoy Historical Past
Lets visit Chaco Canyon National Park in North West New Mexico from Yarmouth. Based from the use of similar buildings by current Puebloan peoples, these rooms had been areas that are probably common for rites and gatherings, with a fireplace in the middle and room access supplied by a ladder extending through a smoke hole in the ceiling. Large kivas, or "great kivas," were able to accommodate hundreds of people and stood alone when not integrated into a housing that is large, frequently constituting a center location for surrounding villages made of (relatively) little buildings. To sustain large buildings that are multi-story held rooms with floor spaces and ceiling heights far greater than those of pre-existing houses, Chacoans erected gigantic walls employing a "core-and-veneer" method variant. An core that is inner of sandstone with mud mortar created the core to which slimmer facing stones were joined to produce a veneer. These walls were approximately one meter thick at the base, tapering as they ascended to conserve weight--an indication that builders planned the upper stories during the original building in other instances. While these mosaic-style veneers remain evident today, adding to these structures' remarkable beauty, Chacoans plastered plaster to many interior and exterior walls after construction was total to preserve the mud mortar from water harm. Starting with Chetro Ketl's building, Chaco Canyon, projects for this magnitude needed a huge number of three vital materials: sandstone, water, and lumber. Employing stone tools, Chacoans mined then molded and faced sandstone from canyon walls, choosing hard and dark-colored tabular stone at the most effective of cliffs during initial building, going as styles altered during later construction to softer and bigger tan-colored stone lower down cliffs. Liquid, essential to build mud mortar and plaster combined with sand, silt and clay, was marginal and accessible only during short and summer that is typically heavy. Rainwater was captured in wells, dammed in areas created in Chaco Wash's arroyo, an intermittently flowing creek that formed the canyon and Chaco Wash. The arroyo also had ponds, to which the runoff was diverted through a network of ditches. The timber sources that were essential for building roofs and levels that are higher-story once plentiful in the canyon. However, they vanished around the Chacoan fluorescence due to drought or deforestation. Chacoans traveled 80 km on foot from the north and south to reach coniferous forests to the west and cut down the trees. They then dried all of them and returned to the canyon to lug all of them home. It was a difficult task considering that all tree had to be held by several folks and took a long time. Chaco Canyon's Preplanned Landscape. Although Chaco Canyon was home to a large amount of construction at a level never before seen in this region, it was only one component of the larger connected area that led to the Chacoan civilisation. There have been over 200 settlements beyond your canyon with great mansions, grand kivas, and the same stone design and style while the ones inside. These sites, although most common in the San Juan Basin were spread over an area greater than England's Colorado Plateau. Chacoans created a network of roads to link these settlements with one another. They levelled and dug the floor, and sometimes added clay curbs or masonry supports. A majority of these roads began in large buildings within and outside the canyon. They then extended outwards in beautiful sections that are straight. Chacoans moved to areas to the west, north and south that were less remote, reflecting Chacoan influences at the time. The persistence of droughts into the 13th Century CE hindered the creation of an integrated system similar to Chaco's. This led to the dispersion of Chacoan communities across the Southwest. Current Puebloan populations residing in Arizona and New Mexico consider Chaco to be part of their ancestral homeland. This is confirmed through oral histories that have been passed down generation after generation. In the second half the 19th century CE significant vandalism took place in Chaco Canyon. People tore down large house walls and gained access to their rooms. In 1896 CE archaeological surveys and excavations disclosed the extent of the destruction. This led to establishment of Chaco Canyon National Monument (in 1907 CE), which place an end to looting that is illegal allowed systematic archaeological research to take place. The monument was extended in 1980 CE and renamed Chaco Culture National Historical Park. It was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List for 1987 CE. Puebloan descendants can honor their spirits that are ancestral returning towards the land to preserve their connections to it. Chaco had been a ceremonial that is major commercial and administrative hub set up amid a sacred setting with a network of roadways to the big residences. One notion is that pilgrims come with offerings to Chaco and engaged in favorable rituals and festivities. Despite the hundreds of rooms used to keep items, it is doubtful that a number that is huge of lived here every year. Tip: Numerous Chaco excavations in museums all around the national country are not on display. Tip: Children can watch original items at the Aztec Ruins museum. Una Vida is a house that is"big in a L shape, a center square with big house with two and three floors of buildings. In the central square were ceremonies and large crowds. Building began in AD 850 and went through for longer than 200 years. It mightn't look much, due to the fact walls of stone are eroding unrestored. While you get along the one mile track, many of the ruins lie under your legs covered by desert sands. The stroll passes through the cliffs – search for petroglyphs cut through the rock. Clan symbols, migration records, hunting and events that are major to petroglyphs. Several petroglyphs have been sculpted to the ground about 15 feet large. Petroglyphic images are human beings, birds, spirals, animals.
The typical household size in Yarmouth, MA is 2.69 residential members, with 79.3% being the owner of their very own residences. The mean home cost is $338000. For those people leasing, they spend on average $1396 per month. 48% of families have 2 incomes, and the average domestic income of $63432. Average individual income is $31992. 7.1% of inhabitants survive at or beneath the poverty line, and 16.4% are considered disabled. 11.7% of residents are veterans of this military.
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Cone Crusher Does Work
Cone Crusher Basics In 4 Minutes Srp
Inside your cone crusher. The basic principle is straightforward the material to be crushed (the feed), drops into the crushing chamber. The mantle is a moving part that gyrates in an eccentric motion. That is, it doesnt remain completely centred it swings slightly as it rotates, continually altering the gap between the mantle and the concave (the ring outside the mantle that stays
How Does The Cone Crusher Work
How Does the Cone Crusher Work? Cone crusher is mostly used to crush medium-hard materials. In fact, the appearance of the cone crusherdoesnt look like a cone. It is surrounded with several industrial-strength springs. The cone crusher is named after its inner-workings.
A Detailed Overview Of Cone Crushers And What You
Jun 03, 2020 Cone crushers do an excellent job of providing finished material thats relatively homogenous. But, if you need your final product to be completely uniform, a cone crusher isnt going to be able to provide that. Many material specs require complete uniformity, and if thats true in your industry, youll need to look towards a different crusher.
How It Works Cone Crusher Crusher Mills Cone Crusher
How cone Crusher works,cone Crusher Working Principle,Stone . The Cone Crusher is suitable for crushing varies of mid-hard and above mid-hard ores and rocks. It has the advantage of reliable construction, high prod activity .
Cone Crusher Tips Of Operation And Regular Maintenance
Aug 01, 2019 In the mining industry, the most common crusher types are jaw crusher and cone crusher. Jaw crusher is usually used for primary crushing, and cone crusher is used for secondary crushing. The material of crusher plays an important role in its working efficiency and service life. However, the regular operation and maintenance are important, too.
Cone Crusher An Overview Sciencedirect Topics
Cone Crushers Mclanahan
A Cone Crusher is a compression type of machine that reduces material by squeezing or compressing the feed material between a moving piece of steel and a stationary piece of steel. Final sizing and reduction is determined by the closed side setting or the gap between the two crushing members at the lowest point. As the wedge or eccentric rotates to cause the
14 Cone Crusher Common Problems And How To Fix Them
Rock Crusher Jaw Cone Rock Crushing Machine
How Does A Rock Crusher Work The working principle of jaw rock crushers for sale is when the stone crushing equipment works, motor drives belt and pulley to move, and the eccentric shaft drives the mobile jaw plate. When the mobile jaw plate rises, the angle between elbow plate and mobile jaw plate becomes larger.
Cone Crusher For Sale Professional Manufacturer Aimix
A terminal box and a button control cabinet are also equipped beside the crusher. How Does A Cone Crusher Work We may have known a lot about the definitions and applications of a crusher. However, few people understand cone crusher operating principle. Here, Aimixs experts will tell you its working principle.
How Does An Impact Crusher Work Multico
Dec 02, 2020 There are many types of crushers in the market, such as jaw crushers, gyratory crushers, cone crushers, roll crushers, and hammer mill. But how does an impact crusher work? Knowing the difference can give you an idea of how to use them to make your projects easier. An impact crusher is a useful machine used in producing aggregates for ...
How Does A Crusher Work
How does a crusher work Products. As a leading global manufacturer of crushing, grinding and mining equipments, we offer advanced, reasonable solutions for any size-reduction requirements including, How does a crusher work, quarry, aggregate, and different kinds of minerals.
What Is Cone Crushers And How Does It Work In India
Cone Crusher at Best Price in India - IndiaMART Business ... Vipin Engineering Works Cone Crusher Machine 100 T.P.H, Capacity 30 Tph - 50 ... We are one of the renowned manufacturer, retailer, trader, supplier and... A review of modeling and control strategies for cone crushers ...
Jaw Crusher Working Principle
May 06, 2021 The jaw crusher is not so efficient a machine as the gyratory crusher described in the next paragraph, the chief reason for this being that its crushing action is confined to the forward stroke of the jaw only, whereas the gyratory crusher does useful work during the whole of its revolution.
Cone Crusher With Wear Indicator Martin Marietta
Jul 30, 1997 The cone crusher 10 further includes a feeder (not shown) which feeds a relatively large-sized aggregate material M to be crushed by the cone crusher 10 into the upper portion of the cone crusher 10. The head 14 and the mantle 30 rotate eccentrically about the axis 18, causing the annular space 62 to vary.
Symons And Gyradisc Compression Crusher Parts
Symons crusher spare parts and from EXCEL high performance parts have a longer wear life and improved efficiency and throughput. Our cone crusher spare parts are improved over OEM standards, allowing for longer wear life and ease of installation. Gyratory crushers.
How Does The Cone Crusher Work
How Does the Cone Crusher Work? Cone crusher is mostly used to crush medium-hard materials. In fact, the appearance of the cone crusher doesnt look like a cone. It is surrounded with several industrial-strength springs. The cone crusher is named after its inner-workings. Cone crusher has a large opening which is used to feed in materials, when ...
What Are Cone Crushers
Cone crushers do not provide uniformity in final product. Although they are best for wide range of materials but few materials demand uniformity which is not possible through cone crushers. The biggest problem faced with cone crusher is the size of the raw material as the crushers are restricted to certain amount of size.
Trio Cone Crushers
Dec 17, 2020 Comminution 101 How do cone crushers work? Trio cone crushers offer robust reduction for medium or above hardness feed material and are suitable for secondary, tertiary or if the application requires quaternary crushing stages. These compression crushers are highly effective in typical mining applications and when processing ballast.. Inside the
How Does A Jaw Crusher Work Jaw Crusher Kemper Equipment
Cone crushers and jaw crushers both work by compression, reducing materials by squeezing them until they break apart. The benefit that cone crushers offer over jaw crushers is their ability to output a more cubical product similar to impact crushers. Cone crushers have traditionally been used as secondary and sometimes tertiary crushing stations.
Cone Crushers Used In Concrete Work With Specifications
Jul 19, 2019 Cone crushers in Hongxing Machinery have superior working efficiency and strong ability to break, which is conducive to the exploitation of all kinds of rocks and mines. This kind of crusher is suitable for several materials such as limestone, granite, road paving, and cement, etc. There are several types of cone crushers. in Hongxing company.
Cone Crushers For Sale 911metallurgist
What Is Cone Crusher And How Does It Work In Indonesia
Cone crusher basics in 4 minutes SRP. Cone crusher basics in 4 minutes. This is the starting point for understanding how cone crushers work and how they can make your mine or quarry more productive. Elsewhere on the site you can find detailed information about all aspects of crushing and screening, but to make sense of these it helps to understand the basics of cone
Jaw Cresher How Does A Sag Mill Work Crusher Mills Cone
working of ball mill and sag mill SRM Mining Machines . How Does A Sag Mill Work Crusher Mills, Cone Crusher, Jaw . Bond Ball Mill Work Index, kWh/t SAG kWh/t from 152mm to T80 1.7mm Up to 2007 2008 Data .
How Does A Cone Crucher Work
What are the differences between a jaw crusher vs a cone crusher in , As is well known, Granite is one of the most using stone in aggregate crushing plant and , Great Wall Company analyze you the working process of cone crusher in granite crushing plant Firstly,raw , As for cone crusher it is recommended for hard materials as a secondary crusher where you can get fractions from
Crushing Chambers Srp
Crushing Chambers Cones. Having a good understanding of your crushers helps you make smart, informed decisions. Whether you want to build up your knowledge or refresh your memory, this is the place to start. We take you through the basics of cone crushing to more detailed advice on chamber solutions, feed arrangements and configurations.
How A Cone Crusher Work
How a cone crusher work Products. As a leading global manufacturer of crushing, grinding and mining equipments, we offer advanced, reasonable solutions for any size-reduction requirements including, How a cone crusher work, quarry, aggregate, and different kinds of minerals.
Types Of Rock Crushers Quarry Crushing Equipment Kemper
4 Types Of Stone Crushers Maintenance And Efficient
Aug 28, 2021 Cone crusher Cone crusher The cone crusher in the secondary or tertiary crushing proccess often fractures medium-hard or hard rocks like pebble, quartz, granite, etc. It is easy to get premature crusher failure, if operators cannot make a correct and timely inspection and maintenance. 6 Tips to help you prolong the concrushers service life
How Do Crushers Work Worldcrushers
May 02, 2013 How Do Cone Crushers Work Crusher Mills, Cone Crusher, Jaw How The Cone Crusher Work?liming Cone Crusher Machine For Sale. How The Cone Crusher Work 304 Views. HowStuffWorks How Car Crushers Work Car crushers compress the remains of a junked car after the useful parts are stripped. Find out how car crushers work and learn why
High Performance Cone Crusher Equipment For Sale
How does a cone crusher work? When the cone crusher equipment starts operating, the motor drives the eccentric sleeve to rotate through the transmission. The moving cone rotates under the forced action of eccentric sleeve. The part of the moving cone near the static cone becomes the crushing chamber. The material is crushed by the extrusion and ...
Qh441operationmanual Crusher Works
carrying out any work on the equipment or making any adjustments. Note This equipment is manufactured in accordance with the Machinery Directive 2006/ 42/EC of 01.01.2010.
How Does A Jaw Crusher Work Groovy Ghoulies
With the Cone crusher, the crusher shaft is pressed into the subframe. The crushing cone carrier is displaced on an eccentric drive unit. Due to the rotation of the drive unit, the gap between the crushing cone and the crushing shell opens circumferentially. The size of the grain to be produced is changed by raising or lowering the crushing coat.
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This must be a very basic question, but since i've just started diving into linear algebra, it's sort of new to me.
Matrix multiplication has a rule: given matrices $\mathbf{A} \in \mathbb{R}^{j\times k}$ and $\mathbf{B}\in \mathbb{R}^{l \times m}$, the multiplication can only occur if $k = l$, and there will be a resulting matrix $C \in \mathbb{R}^{j \times m}$.
This also applies to dot product? I couldn't really get the difference between these two operations.
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$\begingroup$ Yes the same will apply to dot products. Geometrically, dot products measure angles between vectors, but you can only do that if the vectors live in the same space ($\Bbb{R}^n$ vs $\Bbb{R}^m$). If they don't live in the same space, it doesn't make sense to ask for an angle between the two. $\endgroup$ Dec 7 '20 at 16:50
• $\begingroup$ Thanks. I'm getting so much confused about this operations in the area of neural networks, where there are matrices operations between inputs and weights. $\endgroup$
– joann2555
Dec 7 '20 at 16:54
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Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.
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Sometimes we see router connected use Ethernet link, sometimes use Serial link, what's the difference between them? and in what scenario we use them?
Ethernet is principally designed for local area networking, and runs at speeds of 10, 100, 1000 Mbit/sec and more, and normally is for links of up to about 100 metres, though you can go further with fibre or various kinds of extenders. And as Zac reminded me -- how could we forget? -- ethernet is effectively a bus connecting many-to-many (and physically a bus topology in its older incarnations such as 10base2.)
Serial links are normally X.21 and are principally designed for longer point-to-point networking, such as provided by a telephone company leased line, and are often around 64 kbit/sec, 2M bit/sec, 34 Mbit/sec (standards vary by country, distance and price). A leased line would typically be many kilometres.
In packet tracer, sometimes you use those links just because you have them. If the routers are adjacent, you can use whichever you like.
In real life, you choose which you're using predominantly on distance and what kinds of links you have available in your locale.
The ordinary serial interfaces on Cisco routers are synchronous. Additionally there are also asynchronous serial lines, usually RS-232, such as are on the console and aux ports. Occasionally you see RS-422 for longer async lines, or 4-20 mA loops. On a computer these would normally just be called "serial ports" as sync serial is extremely unusual on computers. Usually these are used for character-by-character communication, such as configuration. But you can also run packet communication over them, with PPP and similar protocols. With direct wired connections, these are usually up to a few tens of metres; with modems these can be global. Speeds are in comparison very slow, ranging from about 300 bit/sec to about 115.2 kbit/sec
• It is language question but which one is better TCP/IP Link (Serial Link) or TCP/IP Connection?
– i486
Jan 27 at 16:23
In addition to jonathanjo's answer: the main difference in usage is that serial connections are always point-to-point - a serial interface doesn't require any addressing, it is often "unnumbered". Note that network (IP) packets still carry addresses but on a serial interface, the data-link layer barely exists and the frames themselves don't carry addresses.
While (modern) Ethernet is also point-to-point on the physical layer, Ethernet frames do require addressing - they carry a source and a destination MAC address for the data-link layer. This allows for layer-2 point-to-multipoint connections and L2-processing/forwarding behind the immediate physical interface - essentially an L2-transparent connection between switches.
You can very well configure multiple Ethernet ports in the exact same way (esp. by putting them in a common VLAN) but you can't do that with serial ports because there is no link-layer addressing between them. In other words, serial ports require layer-3 configuration (at least a routing table entry) while Ethernet ports do not.
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Turns out birds can speak in sentences like people
More and more it seems that birds deserve a place among other higher animals for their intellect. A new paper in the journal Current Biology suggests that one species — the Japanese tit — can use grammar when tweeting at one another.
That’s important because grammar is one of the most complex mechanisms of language — and something we generally only see in humans. It’s what gives our sentences structure. When off grammar is, Yoda sound alike, you can. But, depending upon context, words and the meaning they hold can be indecipherable without the right grammar. It does allow us to convey complex ideas, though. Cats, for example, are pretty one-note when they communicate. Which can make them frustrating to deal with if you can’t figure out what they want. This is because they use the same handful of sounds for everything.
Grammar allows you to discuss something in relation to other things. You can communicate not just “hunger” but how you feel about it, when you might feel it, etcetera.
That’s what makes this finding so special. Japanese tits, a highly social species based in northern Japan and eastern Russia were observed communicating different concepts based on the structure.
According to Science Mag, to warn others of nearby predators, the birds will make what’s known as a “mobbing call” with a specific sequence. It combines two separate calls to create a new meaning. The first part always means “danger,” and the second is used when you want to alert others to food. When used together, it’s a signal to bunch together as if the group was flocking to food, and then attack.
To test how this worked, researchers spliced together audio of a similar species’ call. On its own, that call would have the same meaning for the tits as it does for its originating species — danger. When studied, the birds had the predicted response. They began to look for threats. When it was reversed, however, they didn’t respond. The paper concludes that the meaning can only be properly derived from placing them in the correct order.
“Mob then alert” — what the message would be interpreted as — doesn’t make any sense. What would they be mobbing? They have to be alert, find the source of danger and then attack. The fact that they still responded normally when a different species similar-ish sounds were used suggests that the order and not the precise sound is important. The birds can interpret a bit on their own and derive meaning from the whole context.
That is some next-level shit right there. We already know that birds (or at least some birds) are pretty smart.
This puts a finer point on it, though, and suggests that intelligence really is a spectrum. Corvids might be able to solve advanced puzzles, for example, but if they can’t also interpret grammar, then it’s likely many species have different domains of intellect — much like people. That could have some interesting implications for animal ethics, but it also highlights just how bizarre and diverse life on Earth is.
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This Detector Can Catch Cosmic Neutrinos
In Antarctica, scientists have built the largest neutrino detector, which can catch cosmic neutrinos from billions of light-years away.
Episode 12
3m 20s
WETA Passport
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Hidden Answers to Chemistry Formula Discovered
New Step by Step Roadmap for Chemistry Formula
The Chemistry Formula Trap
Just as in Algebra, you may use parentheses to separate parts in a complicated formula. Today you need not surf the text-books and attempt to write all the formulae in 1 place. It’s considered by many people to be absolutely the most beautiful equation in mathematics. It not only provides the number and type of atoms but also indicates their position in the structure. An elaborate formula might be tough to read, owing to, as an example, the proliferation of parentheses.
For the time being, simply are aware that the lines are an indication of the way the atoms are connected in a molecule. This is about calculation and connecting dots that we’re able to locate the solution. Additionally, there are various forms of spatial isomers, where the relative orientations of the atoms in space can differ. If there’s absolutely no number, it’s assumed there is simply one of that element. Molecular formula It describes the specific number and kind of atoms within a molecule of a compound.
thesis papers
Because of this, the quantity of inorganic compounds is limited regardless of the huge number of elements that may react with one another. But this info is insufficient to find out the molecular formula without additional information regarding the compound’s molecular weight. Because of this the food flavoring and preservation is now easy and affordable. Make an entire review on every notion!
Copper can encourage the absorption of iron. Iron is also an important component in the body. Non-heme iron accounts for over 85% of the iron in the typical diet.
Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Chemistry Formula
The application https://www.ashford.edu/ of applied mathematics is not only restricted to fix problems. however, it can be used to create new engineering disciplines too. Surprisingly, applied mathematics isn’t relevant but it is now crucial choice today. Be aware this will not assist you with direct chemistry topics, but will aid you with the math needed to address various chemistry issues. Math isn’t restricted to theoretical or continuous mathematics approach but you should have heard of discrete mathematics too. At this time you should be confused about how maths may be used in real-life applications.
Working in a laboratory environment, students investigate the fundamentals of chemistry and physics in solving real-world issues that might have personal or societal consequences past the classroom. Depending on the society requirements, the mathematical could be highly complicated or simpler. This is a superb place to initiate the understanding and mastery procedure for quantum numbers. Our faculties are highly adaptive and are extremely amiable.
They are downloadable and simple to print. Many are radioactive and don’t occur naturally. It’s simpler to use and understand. www.grademiners.com/dissertation-editing I am confident in what I’ve created.
If you practise questions then slowly your efficiency increases and you’ll obtain confidence within it. This field will indicate the job of an empty response box but might be left empty in scenarios where only 1 response is called for from the student. Definition slides introduce terms since they are wanted. Within this chapter, you will read about the many properties of unique states of matter.
To learn about the various kinds of reactions take a look at the reference links given below. This will aid them develop a core comprehension of the subject. Here’s a list of quantities you ought to already be acquainted with from preceding classes. Whether you wish to solve out a complicated problem of your math subject or only want to calculate your percentage in final exams, all you will need is a formula that is applied to secure you appropriate answer. Section B Answer any 2 questions.
Finding Chemistry Formula on the Web
Throughout this site, we link to several outside sources. He then put them back together, developing a 3-D edition. The formula is the concise method to express the info in a symbolic way. SiteGround WordPress themes are simple to customize for the specific use of the webmaster. Every one of these sites have a copy right clause which you have to read carefully if you’re wanting to do anything besides visit the site and read it. View his entire talk from the TED site.
Both fusion and fission absorb electricity and require very harsh problems. Polyethylene is a difficult, durable good material quite different from ethylene. A compound is a molecule which is made up of at least two distinct elements. It is a substance made up of a definite proportion of two or more elements. Reduce the ratio by a standard factor if at all possible.
In any certain chemical compound, the elements always combine in the exact proportion with one another. There’s much current interest in the specifics of carcinogenesis and cancer chemotherapy. The matter consists of atoms of various different chemical elements that are located in pure together with combined form. User-friendly, accurate outcomes.
Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Chemistry Formula
The LHS is made up of the reactants and the RHS is made up of the goods. Drugs and supplements are an issue of chemistry.
The mole is utilized in reaction stoichiometry to predict how much product can be created from a specific amount of reactant or how much reactant is needed to create a specific amount of product. Normally, the Lewis definition of acids and bases have become the most useful because it’s the most inclusive of the 3 definitions. The branch of chemistry which addresses the study of coordination compounds or elaborate compound is called coordination chemistry. For a subject like Chemistry, understanding how to remember the proper reactions and what they result in is extremely vital. Chemical formula has an important part in understanding different concepts of chemistry.
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Tag Archives: Button Id
How do you call an actionscript function from a html page and viceversa. How to you access the actionscript variable function from an HTML page in actionscript.
By | December 26, 2010
The following code helps you to do this. Save the following code as am .mxml file The html file start.html
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Faculty for Chemistry and Pharmacy - Group of Prof. Zipse
Reaction Energetics
The reaction energy for a generalized reaction in which reactants A and B react in ratios given by the stochiometric constants a and b to products M and N such as
is defined as:
This equation can be evaluated using all types of energies discussed in the previous chapter (Etot, E0, E298, H298, G298). The conceptually most simple reactions are those in which only one bond undergoes reaction, a typical case being the homolytic bond dissociation reaction yielding two radicals. Taking the C-H bond dissociation in methane as an example, the following results are obtained at the HF/6-31G(d) level of theory (the UHF(6-31G(d) level being used for the open shell products):
type of
E(CH4) E(CH3) E(H) Erxn
Etot -40.195172 -39.558992 -0.498233 +362.2
E0 -40.147395 -39.528021 -0.498233 +318.1
E298 -40.144543 -39.524770 -0.496817 +322.8
H298 -40.143599 -39.523825 -0.495872 +325.3
G298 -40.164692 -39.546258 -0.508887 +287.6
This bond dissociation reaction is strongly endothermic in all cases considered here. The most positive reaction energy (+362.2 kJ/mol) is obtained when using total energies at 0K describing a vibrationless system sitting on the potential energy surface. Additional consideration of zero point vibrational energies leads to a significant change, in the current case lowering the reaction energy to +318.1 kJ/mol. Correction to internal energies at 298 K appears to be rather modest in comparison. The difference between E298 and H298 equates to RT (=+2.479 kJ/mol at 298.15 K) since we have two products, but only one reactant. Finally, accounting for differences in reaction entropies we obtain a free energy of reaction of +287.6 kJ/mol.
Comparison to experiment can be made at the stage of H298 as the standard heats of formation of all three species are known. From the NIST Chemistry WebBook we take the following heats of formation: CH4 (-74.87 kJ/mol), CH3 (+145.69 kJ/mol), and H (+218.0 kJ/mol). This yields a reaction enthalpy for C-H bond homolysis in methane of +438.56 kJ/mol. The recommended value in a recent compilation of bond dissociation energies (Yun-Ran Luo, "Handbook of Bond Dissociation Energies in Organic Compounds", CRC Press, 2003) is +439.3 +/-0.4 kJ/mol.
Comparison of this value with our theoretical results suggests that the HF/6-31G(d) level is quite inaccurate when it comes to predicting bond dissociation energies. The deviation of 113 kJ/mol is mainly due to the neglect of electron correlation in the Hartree-Fock (HF) treatment and can only be remedied by using a better theoretical method. That the deficiencies of Hartree-Fock theory have serious consequences here is, of course, due to the fact that bond dissociation processes are accompanied by a large change in correlation energy.
A much better performance of the HF-level can be observed in reactions, in which the number of electron pairs remains constant during the reaction. These types of reactions are known as isogyric reactions and are often used to reliably calculate thermochemical data at lower levels of theory. Taking the reaction of methane (CH4) with the hydrogen atom to yield the methyl radical (CH3) and molecular hydrogen (H2) as an example, the following results are obtained at the HF/6-31G(d) level of theory (again using the UHF/6-31G(d) level for open shell systems):
type of
E(CH4) E(H) E(CH3) E(H2) Erxn
Etot -40.195172 -0.498233 -39.558992 -1.126828 +19.9
E0 -40.147395 -0.498233 -39.528021 -1.116243 +3.6
E298 -40.144543 -0.496817 -39.524770 -1.113883 +7.1
H298 -40.143599 -0.495872 -39.523825 -1.112939 +7.1
G298 -40.164692 -0.508887 -39.546258 -1.127698 -9.9
The reaction enegies for this hydrogen transfer reaction are much smaller in absolute terms than for the bond dissociation reaction considered before. This indicates that the C-H bond strength in methane and the H-H bond strength in molecular hydrogen is rather similar.
In order to calculate the reaction enthalpy at 298.15K we only need the three heats of formation for CH4, CH3, and H as before, and have to recall that molecular hydrogen H2 (in the gas phase) represents the reference against which heats of formation are defined. The experimental reaction enthalpy for our isogyric model reaction therefore amounts to +2.56 kJ/mol.
The comparison of the experimentally measured and the theoretically predicted reaction enthalpy shows a much better agreement now, the theoretical value being too high by only 4.5 kJ/mol. Improving on this result does not only need significantly better theoretical methods but also a better thermochemical model than the rigid-rotor/harmonic oscillator model.
On a more general note the predictive value of HF theory will be larger for those reactions, in which the products are as similar as possible to the reactants (e.g. isomerization reaction). A subclass of these types of reactions are isodesmic reactions in which the numbers of bonds of each formal type are the same for reactants and products. Using the reaction of dimethyl ether with water to yield two methanol molecules as an example, we can see that there are 6 C-H bonds, 2 C-O bonds, and 2 H-O bonds on both sides of the reaction equation:
The experimentally measured reaction enthalpy for this reaction amounts to +23.9 kJ/mol at 298.15 K. Calculations at the HF/6-31G(d) level of theory predict a value of +14.9 kJ/mol. For further examples see "Ab Initio Molecular Orbital Theory", W. J. Hehre, L. Radom, P. v. R. Schleyer, J. A. Pople, Wiley&Sons, 1986.
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Skip site navigation (1)Skip section navigation (2)
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NM(1) GNU Development Tools NM(1)
nm - list symbols from object files
nm [-a|--debug-syms] [-g|--extern-only]
[-B] [-C|--demangle[=style]] [-D|--dynamic]
[-S|--print-size] [-s|--print-armap]
[-n|-v|--numeric-sort] [-p|--no-sort]
[-r|--reverse-sort] [--size-sort] [-u|--undefined-only]
[-t radix|--radix=radix] [-P|--portability]
[--target=bfdname] [-fformat|--format=format]
[--defined-only] [-l|--line-numbers] [--no-demangle]
[-V|--version] [-X 32_64] [--help] [objfile...]
files are listed as arguments, nm assumes the file a.out.
For each symbol, nm shows:
o The symbol value, in the radix selected by options (see below), or
hexadecimal by default.
o The symbol type. At least the following types are used; others
the symbol is local; if uppercase, the symbol is global (external).
"A" The symbol's value is absolute, and will not be changed by fur-
ther linking.
"B" The symbol is in the uninitialized data section (known as BSS).
"C" The symbol is common. Common symbols are uninitialized data.
When linking, multiple common symbols may appear with the same
name. If the symbol is defined anywhere, the common symbols
are treated as undefined references.
"D" The symbol is in the initialized data section.
"G" The symbol is in an initialized data section for small objects.
Some object file formats permit more efficient access to small
large global array.
"I" The symbol is an indirect reference to another symbol. This is
a GNU extension to the a.out object file format which is rarely
"N" The symbol is a debugging symbol.
"R" The symbol is in a read only data section.
"S" The symbol is in an uninitialized data section for small ob-
"T" The symbol is in the text (code) section.
"U" The symbol is undefined.
"V" The symbol is a weak object. When a weak defined symbol is
linked with a normal defined symbol, the normal defined symbol
and the symbol is not defined, the value of the weak symbol be-
comes zero with no error.
"W" The symbol is a weak symbol that has not been specifically
linked with a normal defined symbol, the normal defined symbol
comes zero with no error.
"-" The symbol is a stabs symbol in an a.out object file. In this
hold debugging information.
"?" The symbol type is unknown, or object file format specific.
o The symbol name.
Precede each symbol by the name of the input file (or archive mem-
ber) in which it was found, rather than identifying the input file
once only, before all of its symbols.
not listed.
-B The same as --format=bsd (for compatibility with the MIPS nm).
Besides removing any initial underscore prepended by the system,
this makes C++ function names readable. Different compilers have
different mangling styles. The optional demangling style argument
can be used to choose an appropriate demangling style for your com-
Display the dynamic symbols rather than the normal symbols. This
is only meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain types of
shared libraries.
-f format
is significant; it can be either upper or lower case.
Display only external symbols.
For each symbol, use debugging information to try to find a file-
name and line number. For a defined symbol, look for the line num-
ber of the address of the symbol. For an undefined symbol, look
for the line number of a relocation entry which refers to the sym-
bol. If line number information can be found, print it after the
other symbol information.
Sort symbols numerically by their addresses, rather than alphabeti-
cally by their names.
order encountered.
Use the POSIX.2 standard output format instead of the default for-
mat. Equivalent to -f posix.
Print size of defined symbols for the "bsd" output format.
When listing symbols from archive members, include the index: a
contain definitions for which names.
the last come first.
Sort symbols by size. The size is computed as the difference be-
tween the value of the symbol and the value of the symbol with the
next higher value. The size of the symbol is printed, rather than
the value.
-t radix
Specify an object code format other than your system's default for-
Display only undefined symbols (those external to each object
Display only defined symbols for each object file.
Show the version number of nm and exit.
-X This option is ignored for compatibility with the AIX version of
default mode of AIX nm corresponds to -X 32, which is not supported
by GNU nm.
Show a summary of the options to nm and exit.
Copyright (c) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000, 2001, 2002
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
Free Documentation License".
3rd Berkeley Distribution 2002-08-05 NM(1)
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Force Fields
Version as of 15:27, 30 Nov 2021
to this version.
Return to Version archive.
View current version
A force field is built up from two distinct components to describe the interaction between particles (typically atoms):
• the set of equations (called the potential functions) used to generate the potential energies and their derivatives, the forces.
• the parameters used in this set of equations
Edit section
There are three types of force fields:
• all atom - parameters provided for every single atom within the system.
• united atom - parameters provided for all atoms except non-polar hydrogens.
• coarse grained - an abstract representation of molecules by grouping several atoms into "super-atoms".
Edit section
Within one set of equations, various sets of parameters can be used. Care must be taken that the combination of equations and parameters form a consistent set (see: Parameterization). It is generally dangerous to make ad hoc changes in a subset of parameters, because the various contributions to the total force are usually interdependent. In particular, there is no reason to suppose that treating part of your system with one force field and part with another force field will lead to results that have any meaning at all. There is also no reason to suppose that a force field's "bond strength" parameter has any particular correlation with any real measure of the strength of such a bond.
As a good starting point for more details, read the GROMACS Manual which has detailed chapters on force fields - what they are, how they are implemented, etc.
For parameterization of novel molecules, first consult the following information.
Page last modified 00:50, 9 Mar 2010 by JLemkul?
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Submitted by Shirley Lin / United States Naval Academy on Fri, 09/13/2013 - 08:52
My Notes
Course Level
Topics Covered
This in-class activity is intended to help visualize the meaning of the subscripts and coefficients in molecular formulas that appear in balanced chemical equations. It has been my experience that students in 2nd semester general chemistry can sometimes still be confused about this fundamental aspect of chemical language. It substitutes edible candy for the atoms in a molecular model kit, thus allowing students to eat the atoms at the end. (My philosophy is that if students are eating, they're probably awake and could be learning!)
Learning Goals
Upon completing this activity, students should be able to explain the difference between the coefficient in front of a molecular formula in a balanced chemical equation and the subscript after a particular atom in a molecular formula. They should also be able to solve stoichiometry and related problems involving the coefficients and subscripts of a molecular formula.
Equipment needs
various colored m&ms (see implementation)
small plastic or paper cups (see implementation)
plastic spoons (if needed)
Implementation Notes
I implemented this activity in Fall 2011 with a group of 20 students sitting in groups of 4. Specific colored m&ms were procured at the party store so that the colors would match the colors of atoms used in molecular modeling but one could adjust the colors in the worksheet to correspond to the colors of m&ms found in a regular mixed bag (could be sorted by the instructor or by the students). The little cups for holding the m&ms were small plastic souffle cups ( but paper condiment cups (like for ketchup) could also be used.
I didn't particularly worry about the students touching the groups' m&ms with their hands before they ate them but one could hand out plastic spoons for moving m&ms if this was a concern.
This activity would probably require some personal expenditure on part of the instructor to secure the materials.
Time Required
10-15 minutes if all materials are prepared ahead of time
Evaluation Methods
I did not specifically assess student learning after this activity although their quizzes and exams contained questions that required them to understand the meaning of coefficients and subscripts within molecular formulae.
Evaluation Results
The students seemed to enjoy the activity and all groups were able to answer question 2 independently. However I still noticed that a few of these students misinterpreted the subscripts and coefficients later in the semester.
Creative Commons License
Attribution, Non-Commercial CC BY-NC
Emily Sylvester / Duquesne University
Hi Shirley,
I would like to use this activity next semester. When I view your pdf, however, in the diagram the words "red," "black," "white," and "silver" appear all wonky, though - i.e., they letters aren't aligned vertically. Do you have a Word version you could post? If not, I will steal your cute m&m diagrams (and give you credit).
Tue, 06/12/2018 - 12:26 Permalink
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Cart 0
Do You Know? Level 2 - In the Air
RM 28.95
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How do birds fly? How do jet engines move a plane? Find out more about helicopters, gliders and the science of flying.
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If you ask doctors what the biggest myth about the flu is, they will tell you that it's people thinking they have the flu. Flu-like illness can be caused by many pathogens, and most people don't go to the doctor for it, making it difficult to assess how often people really have.
Older and young people are more susceptible but adults over the age of 30 only catch flu about twice a decade, according to a new paper. The immune system responds to flu viruses by producing antibodies that specifically target proteins on the virus surface. These proteins can change as the virus evolves, but we keep antibodies in the blood that have a memory for strains we've encountered before.
Researchers analyzed blood samples from volunteers in Southern China, looking at antibody levels against nine different influenza strains that circulated from 1968 to 2009.
They found that while children get flu on average every other year, flu infections become less frequent as people progress through childhood and early adulthood. From the age of 30 onwards, flu infections tend to occur at a steady rate of about two per decade.
Dr. Adam Kucharski, of the London School of Hygiene&Tropical Medicine, said, "There's a lot of debate in the field as to how often people get flu, as opposed to flu-like illness caused by something else. These symptoms could sometimes be caused by common cold viruses, such as rhinovirus or coronavirus. Also, some people might not realise they had flu, but the infection will show up when a blood sample is subsequently tested. This is the first time anyone has reconstructed a group's history of infection from modern-day blood samples."
Dr. Steven Riley, senior author of the study, from the Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling at Imperial College London, said, "For adults, we found that influenza infection is actually much less common than some people think. In childhood and adolescence, it's much more common, possibly because we mix more with other people. The exact frequency of infection will vary depending on background levels of flu and vaccination."
In addition to estimating the frequency of flu infection, the researchers, from the UK, the US and China, developed a mathematical model of how our immunity to flu changes over a lifetime as we encounter different strains of the virus.
The model supported evidence from other studies that the strains of influenza virus we encounter earlier in life evoke stronger immune responses than those we meet later.
The findings will help understanding how the immunity in the population affects the evolution of flu viruses, and potentially make predictions about how the virus will change in the future. They could also help scientists consider how immunity to historical strains will influence the way vaccines work and how effective they will be.
Kucharski said, "What we've done in this study is to analyse how a person's immunity builds up over a lifetime of flu infections. This information helps us understand the susceptibility of the population as a whole and how easy it is for new seasonal strains to spread through the population."
Citation: Kucharski AJ, Lessler J, Read JM, Zhu H, Jiang CQ, Guan Y, et al. (2015) Estimating the Life Course of Influenza A(H3N2) Antibody Responses from Cross-Sectional Data. PLoS Biol 13(3): e1002082. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002082
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4. How To Increase Motivation
The word 'motivation' has been given many definitions over the years, but a common understanding is that motivation is a force that energizes, activates, and directs behaviour. When it comes to healthy living, making progress towards a goal can be easier when motivation is high. At the same time, it's only normal to experience periods of reduced or low motivation. In this Podcast, the Registered Dietitians at Vitality Nutrition explore how they help clients overcome periods of low motivation and support them in taking action towards their unique health and fitness goals!
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Modern Perspective. Ancient Traditions. Timeless Values.
Past Productions
Jaya Jaya Devi
This was CCA's first production. CCA commissioned Sri Lalgudi Jayaraman to compose the music and the lyrics, and Shrimathi Radha to choreograph the ballet. This dance drama celebrated the omnipotence of Devi, or the female aspect of the Divinity. Each aspect of Devi was represented by a different dancer, all of whom were carefully chosen by CCA. Notable among them were Mahalakshmi as Uma, Anita Ratnam as Durga and Sreelatha Rajamoney as the female aspect of Ardhanareeswara. G. Narendra played the role of Shiva, and P.C.Ramakrishna in the role of Nandi provided the narrative links between the sequences. CCA undertook the entire production of this lyrical ballet as well as its N.American tour of 25 cities where it played to sold out audiences.
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How long is the flight from Fort Lauderdale to Plattsburgh | Flight time from FLL to PBG
This page answers the question how long is the flight from Fort Lauderdale to Plattsburgh. Time in the air or flight time is on average around 2 hours and 52 minutes when flying nonstop or direct without any connections or stopovers between Fort Lauderdale and Plattsburgh. The flight duration might vary depending on many factors such as flight path, airline, aircraft type, and headwinds or tailwinds. Flying time for such a commercial flight can sometimes be as short or shorter than 2 hours and 44 minutes or as long or longer than 3 hours and 4 minutes.
The Fort Lauderdale FL airport code is FLL and the Plattsburgh NY airport code is PBG. The flight information shown above might be of interest to travelers asking how long does it take to fly from FLL to PBG, how long is the plane ride from Fort Lauderdale FL to Plattsburgh NY, and what is the flight time to Plattsburgh New York from Fort Lauderdale Florida.
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The basic idea behind starting seeds is that you plant seeds and keep them indoors while it is still too cold outside. Then when it is warm enough for the seedlings to thrive outdoors you transplant them to their permanent (or annual) home in your garden. You can of course purchase seedlings at a garden supply center, and some people prefer to do so. But there are several advantages to starting your own seeds.
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Cm To Inches
5750 cm to in
5750 Centimeters to Inches
5750 Centimeter to Inch converter
How to convert 5750 centimeters to inches?
5750 cm *0.3937007874 in= 2263.77952756 in
1 cm
A common question is How many centimeter in 5750 inch? And the answer is 14605.0 cm in 5750 in. Likewise the question how many inch in 5750 centimeter has the answer of 2263.77952756 in in 5750 cm.
How much are 5750 centimeters in inches?
5750 centimeters equal 2263.77952756 inches (5750cm = 2263.77952756in). Converting 5750 cm to in is easy. Simply use our calculator above, or apply the formula to change the length 5750 cm to in.
Convert 5750 cm to common lengths
Nanometer57500000000.0 nm
Micrometer57500000.0 µm
Millimeter57500.0 mm
Centimeter5750.0 cm
Inch2263.77952756 in
Foot188.648293963 ft
Yard62.8827646544 yd
Meter57.5 m
Kilometer0.0575 km
Mile0.0357288436 mi
Nautical mile0.0310475162 nmi
What is 5750 centimeters in in?
To convert 5750 cm to in multiply the length in centimeters by 0.3937007874. The 5750 cm in in formula is [in] = 5750 * 0.3937007874. Thus, for 5750 centimeters in inch we get 2263.77952756 in.
5750 Centimeter Conversion Table
5750 Centimeter Table
Further centimeters to inches calculations
Alternative spelling
5750 cm to in, 5750 cm in in, 5750 Centimeters to Inch, 5750 Centimeters in Inch, 5750 Centimeter to Inches, 5750 Centimeter in Inches, 5750 Centimeters to in, 5750 Centimeters in in, 5750 cm to Inch, 5750 cm in Inch, 5750 Centimeters to Inches, 5750 Centimeters in Inches, 5750 Centimeter to Inch, 5750 Centimeter in Inch
Further Languages
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What is title of the poem?
The title of the poem should always appear the top of the poem so it is the first thing the reader sees. You should then capitalize all words except for the articles in the poem so it is grammatically correct. For example, you would format a title as: “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” or “At the Dinner Table.”
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Roulette, also referred to as the wheel of fortune, is one of those games that have gained popularity worldwide. The reason it is becoming so popular is that folks enjoy playing it and winning it. The amount of people playing this game is constantly increasing with many people joining in casino clubs and winning huge jackpots in roulette.
Roulette itself has a simple system where the players place bets on the numbers that come through to the roulette wheel. The wheel is circular and numbers which are either up or down rotate round the central point on the wheel. The ball player who wins has the highest probability of getting the number that came up.
The second way to play roulette involves placing five minimum inside bets before the ball is spun. This means that in the event that you win the first time, you should place three minimum inside bets for your next win. The five minimum inside bets are known as the “jackpot.” The size of the jackpot depends on how many bets were placed before it was spun. The number of winning bets determines how big is the pot.
The third method of playing roulette involves betting on the number of the ball that will be picked up by the end of the spinning period. Along with these three basic ways of playing, there is also what is called a combination pot. With a mix pot, players take turns placing bets on the combinations that the dealer chooses. The more folks who place bets, the larger the pot becomes.
When a roulette player places his bet, he needs to know the number of the ball that will come out of the wheel. Knowing the amount of the ball is necessary since it will determine which numbers are employed for betting. It is also possible for a roulette player to get more numbers for his bets. However, the chances of winning in these bets aren’t as high as when the bets are made in line with the amount of the ball.
A roulette 퍼스트 카지노 player can place his bet either by considering the wheel or by looking at the layout of the table. It is suggested for him to use both methods first and see which one makes him feel more comfortable. Many casino games including roulette have different strategies that produce them unique from each other. For example, in Poker palace texas holdem, players have an advantage of playing against the dealer. When playing roulette with the dealer, players have a disadvantage of attempting to predict the numbers that the dealer will pick.
Betting on the number of the casino chips that the roulette wheel will minimize at can be an interesting strategy that is usually adopted by casino owners when they want to win more chips compared to the house has within their bankroll. This is because the common number of chips that a player wins is less when the wheel stops than when it starts. The common number of chips won is the highest number that could be expected by the casino and the owners of the home.
Roulette is not as easy as playing in a standard casino with the use of slot machines or spinning revolving wheels. It needs skill and strategy. Casino owners ought to know how to handle the different types of roulette games to ensure that their customers have a good time and win more chips.
In the typical slot machine games, you merely need to push the buttons to spin the wheels. In betting games, you have to bet and hope for the best. In the progressive betting games, there are certain betting strategies that you should know. In the three-number and five-card draw, one number pays off more than the other numbers.
In betting on roulette, the ball player needs to bear in mind the odds. When you have a lower odds compared to other players, then you could have a better potential for winning. For instance, in the progressive betting, bets are created based on the payoff ratio, which means the bigger the payout ratio, the bigger the amount that bets are worth.
The majority of the times, progressive betting uses a range of numbers to look for the payoffs of your bets. An average bet in a progressive game is performed using only three numbers: the initial bet, the middle bet and the final bet. The first bet of a progressive game is performed with the winner as the foundation, which means that the entire bet is based on the outcome of this first bet. However, in a four-card or a full ring game, bets are made according to the individual group of cards that comprises the deck. However, in virtually any of the roulette games, the outside bets are subject to the chances of the game.
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fresh meat
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
fresh meat (uncountable)
1. Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see fresh, meat.
2. (informal) A person or group of people who arouse one's interest, either as a new target for deception, humiliation or ridicule, or as a potential love interest or one-night stand.
3. (informal) Any newcomer.
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What is the impact of technology in entrepreneurship?
Business technology helps small businesses improve their communication processes. Emails, texting, websites and apps, for example, facilitate improved communication with consumers. Using several types of information technology communication methods enable companies to saturate the economic market with their message.
How does technology help entrepreneurship?
Access to modern technology coupled with the internet have granted entrepreneurs the ability to leverage various learning tools to help them master their projects and communicate their own efforts to customers.
How has the development of technology impacted entrepreneurship?
What is the impact of technology to the environment?
These technologies have damaged our world in two main ways; pollution and the depletion of natural resources. Air pollution occurs when harmful or excessive quantities of gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide and methane are introduced into the earth’s atmosphere.
What is the importance of information technology in business?
IMPORTANT: Which city has the most small businesses?
What is the impact of technology in our daily life?
Technology has had a huge impact on all our daily lives, from social media to work – we look at the areas most hit. Technology affects almost every aspect of 21st century life, from transport efficiency and safety, to access to food and healthcare, socialization and productivity.
To help entrepreneurs
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Remedy the Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation (Research Paper Sample)
This task was a research report that discussed how the United States (U.S.) Constitution remedied the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation represented the first attempt by the U.S. to form a functional government to replace the British Crown. However, the Articles were lacking in several aspects such as legislative inefficiencies, economic disorganization, and central leadership, which resulted in governing challenges and political deadlocks. The paper discussed the various ways in which the U.S. Constitution addressed these challenges. The font style required was the Bookman Old Style.
Student’s Name
Professor’s Name
Course Title
The United States Constitution: How did it Remedy the Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
The Articles of Confederation were adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777 and ratified by the states on March 1, 1781. The Articles, which created the United States, were the first attempt by the thirteen colonies that had fought in the American Revolution to form a functional government that could replace the British Crown. In response to their antipathy towards the British unitary government in which King George III wielded all legislative, executive, and judicial powers, the colonists were eager to create a decentralized system. Under the Articles of Confederation, the states retained their powers and freedom while the national government was kept weak. Article II established the predominance of the states that “Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled (Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, 1777).” However, the leaders were too concerned with limiting the powers of the central government that they neglected to make it adequately powerful to address the issues facing the new nation.
Challenges of the Articles of Confederation
The lack of a strong and powerful national government in the Articles of Association resulted in economic disorganization among the states, legislative inefficiencies, and inadequate central leadership (Brackemyre). On the economic front, Congress had no authority to regulate interstate trade. It was only allowed to manage trade with Native Americans, but could still not restrict any individual state from monitoring its own trade. Additionally, Congress could not engage in trade negotiations with foreign countries. While the national government had the power to enact foreign treaties, such treaties must not have restricted trade exports and imports by states (Ferrand, 534). The consequences were that each state had a different trade agenda and import and export policy. Economic coordination among the states, and between the central government and the states was minimal. The challenges were further compounded by the lack of a uniform currency system. The Articles empowered Congress to regulate state currencies, but failed to establish a uniform United States’ currency (Brackemyre). The absence of a common currency made interstate trade inefficient and trade with foreign countries difficult.
Under the Articles, Congress had no authority to raise revenue or impose taxes. Only the states could impose taxes. The states were obligated to contribute funds requested by the national government prorata to their land values. The states, which were also paying off their debts from the war could barely fund the national government (Farrand 536). As a result, government lacked adequate revenues to dispel its functions. Congress had no established budget. The economic inefficiencies arising from the Articles of Confederation plagued the United States with economic chaos. The mid-1780s was a period of low business and farming incomes, rampant inflation, farm foreclosures, and reduced export trade. Not only did the national government stand to lose its standing in the international economy, but an internal revolt by an impoverished population was also inevitable (Brackemyre).
Moreover, the design of the Articles of Confederation led to a lack of central leadership in the emerging nation. Since the national government could not raise money, establish the military, or regulate trade, it was inherently incapable of providing sufficient leadership. The national government had neither an independent judiciary nor a functional executive. The states could ignore national laws without the fear of retribution since the Confederate Congress had no instruments to enforce the laws it enacted (Ferrand, 540). Also, the ability of the government to deal with internal and external threats was significantly compromised. The Articles allowed the government to declare war, but had no powers to raise an army. It could not quell interval revolts such as the Shay’s rebellion which arose due to the post-war depression and the harsh taxation policies imposed by the states (Ferrand, 540). Congress was unable to compel states to send their militia to put down the uprisings, enlarging their scale and impact. The flaws in the Articles of Confederation made them ineffective in governing the new nation. To address the weaknesses, the United States constitution was written.
The United States Constitution
The objects of the constitution were to strengthen the powers of the national government and establish a federal system of checks and balances. The Constitution enhanced the authority of Congress by giving it enumerated powers. It empowered Congress to make laws that provided for the well-being of its citizens. In the new federal system under the new U.S. Constitution, power was clearly divided between the federal government and the states. The national government was bestowed delegated powers such as the power to declare war and make treaties. Reserved powers regarding the regulation of education and issuance of trade licenses remained with the states. More importantly, the Constitution contained the supremacy clause that barred states from passing laws in conflict with the Constitution or with the laws made by Congress (Ferrand, 542).
Although the Constitution enhanced the powers of the federal government, its framers were still afraid of the government having too much power. They, therefore, established a system of check and balances through the separation of powers between the legislature, executive, and the judiciary. Each arm of government was given power to check or limit the powers of the other two arms (Kian). For example, on the one hand, the executive could veto or reject laws made by Congress. On the other hand, Congress could impeach the President. In the new dispensation, the President whose function hitherto was to preside over Congress, would head the executive arm of government, choose a Cabinet, and would have checks on the powers of the legislature and judiciary. Whereas under the Articles of Confederation each state received one vote regardless of its size, the legislature under the Constitution would comprise a lower house (House of Representatives) and the upper house (Senate) wh
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Emboldener meanings in Urdu
Emboldener meanings in Urdu is نوکرانی Emboldener in Urdu. More meanings of emboldener, it's definitions, example sentences, related words, idioms and quotations.
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Idiom related to the meaning of Emboldener
What are the meanings of Emboldener in Urdu?
Meanings of the word Emboldener in Urdu is نوکرانی - naukaraani. To understand how would you translate the word Emboldener in Urdu, you can take help from words closely related to Emboldener or it’s Urdu translations. Some of these words can also be considered Emboldener synonyms. In case you want even more details, you can also consider checking out all of the definitions of the word Emboldener. If there is a match we also include idioms & quotations that either use this word or its translations in them or use any of the related words in English or Urdu translations. These idioms or quotations can also be taken as a literary example of how to use Emboldener in a sentence. If you have trouble reading in Urdu we have also provided these meanings in Roman Urdu.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What do you mean by emboldener?
Meaning of emboldener is نوکرانی - naukaraani
Whats the definition of emboldener?
Definition of the emboldener are
What is the synonym of emboldener?
Synonym of word emboldener are handmaiden, handmaid, maistering, wench, maidish, maidenship, maid, maidism, servantry, bondmaid
What are the idioms related to emboldener?
Here are the idioms that are related to the word emboldener.
• Maid of all work
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Melting Sun
by j4p4n - uploaded on March 5, 2013, 7:16 am
It's so hot out that even the sun is melting! Wait a minute, the sun isn't ice. And if it was, wouldn't it not be hot out? Because the sun is the source of our heat. How can it be melting? I'm so confused!
city hot humid melt muggy summer sun temperature thermometer water sweating
Safe for Work?
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Reading time: 7 minutes
For the first time since 2006, Palestinian citizens were expected to exercise their right to vote in legislative elections initially scheduled for the 22nd of May 2021. In a complex geopolitical territory located at a crossroads between Africa and Asia and with a past of Western influence, the opportunity to express their voice in the polls is a rare occasion for Palestinians. As it has been seen in current events, these elections are expected to trigger reactions from the international community and neighboring powers, notably Israel.
Modern Palestine’s complex past
Although the region of Palestine has long been controversial, regarded as the Holy Land by Christians, Jews and Muslims, the State of Palestine dates back to the 20th century.
Between 1896 and 1948, due to Zionist movement [1], and later to flee prosecution across Europe during the Second World War. Hundreds of thousands of Jews re-settled on what was initially the Ottoman Empire and following the Empire’s fall, British Palestine, in a majorly Arab and Muslim populated area. The local Arab community, which started developing their identity as Palestinian Arabs, resisted the attempt of a national Jewish homeland, claiming the land was theirs. Arabs thought Britain would endorse them in return for their support against the Ottomans during the First World War [2], but Great Britain and France predicted instead an international division of the territory [3]. In 1947 and marking the fall of British rule, the United Nations (UN) proposed a partition plan to split the territory in two and grant the city of Jerusalem, disputed by both parties as their rightful capital, a special international status. While the Jewish community agreed to the plan, Palestinians feverishly opposed it, the scheme being interpreted by locals as “Europeans trying to steal their land”.
Figure 1: UN proposed division of territory between Israel and Palestine in 1947
Source: Vox
Two major conflicts in the 20th century were especially defining for Palestine. Firstly, the Arab-Israeli war (1948) opposed Israel to five Arab powers: Jordan, Iraq, Syria, Egypt and Lebanon, seeking to establish “a unified Arab Palestine”. Following the conflict, Israel controlled more than two-thirds of former British-ruled territory. Additionally, Jordan took over the West Bank while Egypt took control of the Gaza Strip. In 1964, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was founded with the objective of forming an Arab state in Palestine, largely comprised of the territories that had previously been British dominated and would now be illegitimately occupied by Israel. The second major event was the Six Day War (1967), which again resulted in significant land losses for Palestine to the benefit of Israel, who took over the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights. Nonetheless, the PLO’s existence was recognized by the Israel through the Oslo Accords (1993), in exchange for Israel’s right to exist to be recognized by the PLO itself. Following these agreements, Yasser Arafat (PLO), Shimon Peres (Israel) and Yitzhak Tabin (Israel) were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East.
Palestinians wish to establish a State in a part or in all territory that is now occupied by Israel. Today, the State of Palestine is officially recognized by more than 135 UN powers (but not by the United States and Israel) and includes parts of modern Israel as well as the Gaza Strip, along the Mediterranean Coast, and the West Bank, which is located west of the Jordan River, although no international consensus regarding the borders has been achieved. Around 20% of the Israeli population identify as Arabs. The West Bank and the Gaza Strip are home to a majorly Arab population, territories which are also disputed by Israel, although many Palestinians also live in neighboring countries like Lebanon.
Fatah, Hamas and the long-lasting division of Palestinians
For decades, Fatah, the major political party in the PLO, dominated Palestinian politics. Fatah leaders negotiated the 1993 Oslo Accords that handed limited control of Palestinian territories from Israel to the new Palestinian Authority (PA). Since then, they have led the government through successive crises and peace deals with Israel and international parties.
In 1987, however, the opposition party Hamas was created on the pretext that Fatah and the PLO were too compromised with Israel. Hamas disagreed with many of the deals, and soon came to be seen by many as a threat to peace in the region, a violent extremist group who did not accept the existence of Israel and actively seeked its destruction. In 2003, Fatah negotiated with Israel under US President Bush’s “roadmap for peace” – a plan to end conflict in the region by creating a stable Palestinian state alongside Israel, which Hamas opposed.
In the 2006 legislative elections, Hamas won a surprising victory. With 74 out of the 132 seats in the Legislative Council, it could take control of most government positions. In response, the US and Israel imposed economic sanctions on the Palestinian Authority. They hoped these would destabilize the government, leading to new elections.
The formation of a Hamas government, in which Fatah refused to participate, led to an increase in hostility between both sides. These tensions quickly turned into incidents of violence between the supporters of the two groups, leading to dozens of deaths.
Figure 2: Hamas demonstrators clash with Palestinian Security Forces in the West Bank
Source: The Eletronic Intifada
In early 2007, Fatah and Hamas signed an agreement to form a coalition government, in order to end violence in the streets and lift international sanctions against Palestine. However, it was just some months until Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, Fatah’s leader, declared a state of emergency and dismissed the coalition, including the Hamas Prime Minister. Hamas, regarding the President’s actions as unconstitutional, formed an alternative government. A brief civil war erupted, with each party supported by different factions of the armed forces. These conflicts concluded with Hamas taking control of the Gaza strip, and Fatah having control of the West Bank.
Figure 3: Division of Palestinian State in the Gaza Strip, controlled by Hamas, and the West Bank, controlled by Fatah
Source: ResearchGate
Since 2007, many attempts have been made to mend the conflict. Disagreements over holding elections led legislative and presidential votes to be postponed in both territories. Numerous talks and attempted deals between the two parties were unsuccessful. Most recently, in 2017, Hamas and Fatah agreed to hold new legislative elections in 2018, but these never occurred. On the West Bank, President Abbas announced elections would be held in 2019, but then postponed them.
Palestinian Elections – Dream or Reality?
In 2021, Hamas and Fatah agreed to hold legislative and presidential elections once more, later scheduling them for the 22nd of May. However, it was not long until Abbas postponed both indefinitely, allegedly due to uncertainty regarding Palestinians’ access to polls in East Jerusalem. In fact, just as in the 2006 elections, while Israel has control of the area, it has issued no formal announcement on whether it will allow elections to take place.
This postponement has been widely criticized not only by Hamas, but also by future voters, especially those under the age of 34, who have not yet been able to exercise their rights. Some believe Mr Abbas postponed the elections by fear of not having enough support, as he has seen his popularity shrink in polls. Having led the country for a decade over his initial mandate, new younger faces are now competing against him even within his the party. Both Fatah’s party member Marwan Barghouti, who is currently in jail, and Nasser Al-Qudwa, who is the nephew of Fatah’s founder, will compete against Abba, being a symbol of a younger generation who seeks to reshape the party’s values. However, Fatah still holds some advantage over Hamas in election polls, partly due to the latter’s mismanagement of Gaza, who has seen three destructive wars over the last 10 years.
Figure 4: Mural painting in Gaza City calling on people to vote for the 2021 elections
Source: BBC
15 years later, these elections could symbolize a reunion of Palestinians with democracy.
The delay will cause a great disappointment among Palestinians, most of (whom) hoped it was time to end the dividiond and bring about a change.
Talal Okal, Gaza analyst
In light of the previous events, what will these elections mean? Will they mark a turning point in Palestine’s history, or is history just repeating itself?
[1] According to Britannica, Zionism is a “Jewish nationalist movement supporting the creaton of a Jewish national state in Palestine, the ancient homeland of the Jews. [..]. Though Zionism originated in eastern and central Europe in the latter part of the 19th century, it is in many ways a continuation of the ancient attachment […] of the Jewish religion to the historical region of Palestine, where one of the hills of ancient Jerusalem was called Zion.”
[2] McMahon–Hussein Correspondence.
[3] Sykes–Picot Agreement.
Sources: Britannica, History, BBC, Vox, Albawaba, Aljazeera, Reuters, Washington Post, Financial Times, Oxford Journals, Brandeis University Publication
Ana Terenas
Manuel Barbosa
Antonio Payan
Maria Mendes
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Frequent question: Who started the feminist movement in America?
Who started the feminist movement?
Who is the first feminist in the world?
What state has the most feminist?
Hawaii Is Top State for Women’s Equality
Women’s rights in the U.S. have made significant strides in the 100 years since the passage of the 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote, yet the gender gap is still prevalent: In every state, women earn less than men.
What caused the women’s rights movement?
In the early 1800s many activists who believed in abolishing slavery decided to support women’s suffrage as well. A growing push for women’s rights, including suffrage, emerged from the political activism of such figures as Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Sojourner Truth, Lucy Stone, Susan B. …
THIS IS IMPORTANT: Who fought for women's right to vote in Canada?
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Letter Tributes
To remember that special someone, we can help create a letter tribute. Whether it be bearing their name or relation, a letter tribute is beautiful way to give someone a perfect send off
Massed Letters
Open Letters
£40.00 per letter
Massed in beautiful White Chrysanthemums with sprays of flowers in the colours of your choosing and finished with a ribbon, foliage or no edge, a stunning tribute to that special someone
£40.00 per letter
A mass of a variety of flowers to match the colours of your choosing to create a unique and special tribute
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@article{Zhang2021, author = {Zhang, L. Q. and Wang, C. and Dai, L. and Fu, H. S. and Lui, A. T. Y. and Baumjohann, W. and Yu, Y. and Ren, Y. and Burch, J. L. and Khotyaintsev, Yu. V.}, year = {2021}, pages = {e2020JA028796}, title = {MMS observation on the cross-tail current sheet rollup at the dipolarization front}, volume = {126}, booktitle = {J. Geophys. Res.} }
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Our Process
Our advisors become trusted partners as we consider your business holistically. We build context around the position you are seeking to fill and the specifics expected from the individuals who might fit. We dig deep into culture, organizational structure and market position to adeptly identify candidates with the greatest potential to impact your organization.
Phase 1: Research and Organizational Evaluation
Before the active search begins, we consult and collaborate with your decision-makers to define or redefine the position within the context of your specific organizational needs. Together, we develop a detailed position specification that guides us in our search and allows potential candidates to self-qualify.
Phase 2: Outreach and Preliminary Interviews
We are thorough and intentional as we internally develop an outreach strategy, bolstered by an intimate knowledge of the industry’s pool of talent and our professional connections with the industry. We contact potential candidates by phone to introduce them to the position and gauge their interest. A 90-minute interview follows, conducted face-to-face or through video conferencing. We identify the candidates who have the experience, abilities and individual characteristics that align with your organization’s needs. Then we deliver detailed, written assessments for a select group of candidates we believe will fit.
Phase 3: Client Interviews, Reference Checks and Closure
A retained search is a meaningful commitment, both for clients and candidates, and we seek to find value via our work for both parties throughout the search process. Through multiple stages of client-candidate interviews, we provide steadfast support and consultation. We schedule and manage the candidates, conduct 360-degree reference checks, and continue to provide advisory along the way. When the client is ready, we can assist in structuring an offer letter and compensation package, and then coordinate the next steps to ensure a successful transition.
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Tag archive for ‘Dandruff’
By Riviera Maya Times On Monday, November 30th, 2020
Dandruff: what is it and how to avoid it?
Have you ever felt the necessity to scratch the head? You might be suffering from dandruff, the skin condition that affects the scalp. Dandruff is a common condition that can affect both women and men causing the More...
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Adopted Athletes For The Olympics
Ahead of the Tokyo Olympics in Japan, two Athletes Patience Okon-George and Elizabeth Anyanacho were adopted by ACTDF and supported with a sum of $10,000 each for preparation. They were later hosted at the ACTDF office in Abuja as depicted above before departing for the Olympic games.
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Hymn Treasures
Copertina anteriore
Jennings and Graham, 1905 - 183 pagine
Dall'interno del libro
Cosa dicono le persone - Scrivi una recensione
Nessuna recensione trovata nei soliti posti.
Pagine selezionate
Altre edizioni - Visualizza tutto
Parole e frasi comuni
Brani popolari
Pagina 64 - HOW sweet the Name of Jesus sounds In a believer's ear ! It soothes his sorrows, heals his wounds, And drives away his fear.
Pagina 99 - When in the slippery paths of youth, With heedless steps I ran, Thine arm unseen conveyed me safe, And led me up to man.
Pagina 22 - What are they but His jewels Of right celestial worth ? What are they but the ladder Set up to heaven on earth...
Pagina 149 - Take thou my cup, and it With joy or sorrow fill, As best to thee may seem ; Choose thou my good and ill. 3 Choose thou for me my friends, My sickness or my health; Choose thou my cares for me, My poverty or wealth. Not mine, not mine the choice, In things or great or small; Be thou my guide, my strength, My wisdom and my all.
Pagina 164 - THOU hidden love of God, whose height, Whose depth unfathomed, no man knows, I see from far Thy beauteous light, Inly I sigh for Thy repose; My heart is pained, nor can it be At rest, till it finds rest in Thee.
Pagina 98 - Hark! they whisper; angels say, Sister spirit, come away! What is this absorbs me quite? Steals my senses, shuts my sight, Drowns my spirits, draws my breath? Tell me, my soul, can this be death?
Pagina 111 - Him shall prayer unceasing And daily vows ascend, His kingdom still increasing, A kingdom without end.
Informazioni bibliografiche
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$ - string interpolation (C# reference)
The $ special character identifies a string literal as an interpolated string. An interpolated string is a string literal that might contain interpolation expressions. When an interpolated string is resolved to a result string, items with interpolation expressions are replaced by the string representations of the expression results. This feature is available starting with C# 6.
String interpolation provides a more readable, convenient syntax to format strings. It's easier to read than string composite formatting. Compare the following example that uses both features to produce the same output:
string name = "Mark";
var date = DateTime.Now;
// Composite formatting:
Console.WriteLine("Hello, {0}! Today is {1}, it's {2:HH:mm} now.", name, date.DayOfWeek, date);
// String interpolation:
// Both calls produce the same output that is similar to:
// Hello, Mark! Today is Wednesday, it's 19:40 now.
Structure of an interpolated string
To identify a string literal as an interpolated string, prepend it with the $ symbol. You can't have any white space between the $ and the " that starts a string literal.
The structure of an item with an interpolation expression is as follows:
Elements in square brackets are optional. The following table describes each element:
Element Description
interpolationExpression The expression that produces a result to be formatted. String representation of null is String.Empty.
alignment The constant expression whose value defines the minimum number of characters in the string representation of the expression result. If positive, the string representation is right-aligned; if negative, it's left-aligned. For more information, see Alignment Component.
formatString A format string that is supported by the type of the expression result. For more information, see Format String Component.
The following example uses optional formatting components described above:
const int FieldWidthRightAligned = 20;
Console.WriteLine($"{Math.PI,FieldWidthRightAligned} - default formatting of the pi number");
Console.WriteLine($"{Math.PI,FieldWidthRightAligned:F3} - display only three decimal digits of the pi number");
// Expected output is:
// |Left | Right|
// 3.14159265358979 - default formatting of the pi number
// 3.142 - display only three decimal digits of the pi number
Beginning with C# 10, you can use string interpolation to initialize a constant string. All expressions used for placeholders must be constant strings. In other words, every interpolation expression must be a string, and it must be a compile time constant.
Special characters
To include a brace, "{" or "}", in the text produced by an interpolated string, use two braces, "{{" or "}}". For more information, see Escaping Braces.
As the colon (":") has special meaning in an interpolation expression item, to use a conditional operator in an interpolation expression, enclose that expression in parentheses.
The following example shows how to include a brace in a result string. It also shows how to use a conditional operator:
string name = "Horace";
int age = 34;
Console.WriteLine($"He asked, \"Is your name {name}?\", but didn't wait for a reply :-{{");
Console.WriteLine($"{name} is {age} year{(age == 1 ? "" : "s")} old.");
// Expected output is:
// He asked, "Is your name Horace?", but didn't wait for a reply :-{
// Horace is 34 years old.
An interpolated verbatim string starts with the $ character followed by the @ character. For more information about verbatim strings, see the string and verbatim identifier articles.
Starting with C# 8.0, you can use the $ and @ tokens in any order: both $@"..." and @$"..." are valid interpolated verbatim strings. In earlier C# versions, the $ token must appear before the @ token.
Implicit conversions and how to specify IFormatProvider implementation
There are three implicit conversions from an interpolated string:
1. Conversion of an interpolated string to a String instance. The string is the result of interpolated string resolution. All interpolation expression items are replaced with the properly formatted string representations of their results. This conversion uses the CurrentCulture to format expression results.
2. Conversion of an interpolated string to a FormattableString instance that represents a composite format string along with the expression results to be formatted. That allows you to create multiple result strings with culture-specific content from a single FormattableString instance. To do that, call one of the following methods:
The ToString(IFormatProvider) provides a user-defined implementation of the IFormatProvider interface that supports custom formatting. For more information, see the Custom formatting with ICustomFormatter section of the Formatting types in .NET article.
3. Conversion of an interpolated string to an IFormattable instance that also allows you to create multiple result strings with culture-specific content from a single IFormattable instance.
The following example uses implicit conversion to FormattableString to create culture-specific result strings:
double speedOfLight = 299792.458;
FormattableString message = $"The speed of light is {speedOfLight:N3} km/s.";
System.Globalization.CultureInfo.CurrentCulture = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("nl-NL");
string messageInCurrentCulture = message.ToString();
var specificCulture = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-IN");
string messageInSpecificCulture = message.ToString(specificCulture);
string messageInInvariantCulture = FormattableString.Invariant(message);
Console.WriteLine($"{System.Globalization.CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,-10} {messageInCurrentCulture}");
Console.WriteLine($"{specificCulture,-10} {messageInSpecificCulture}");
Console.WriteLine($"{"Invariant",-10} {messageInInvariantCulture}");
// Expected output is:
// nl-NL The speed of light is 299.792,458 km/s.
// en-IN The speed of light is 2,99,792.458 km/s.
// Invariant The speed of light is 299,792.458 km/s.
Additional resources
If you're new to string interpolation, see the String interpolation in C# interactive tutorial. You can also check another String interpolation in C# tutorial. That tutorial demonstrates how to use interpolated strings to produce formatted strings.
Compilation of interpolated strings
If an interpolated string has the type string, it's typically transformed into a String.Format method call. The compiler may replace String.Format with String.Concat if the analyzed behavior would be equivalent to concatenation.
If an interpolated string has the type IFormattable or FormattableString, the compiler generates a call to the FormattableStringFactory.Create method.
Beginning with C# 10, when an interpolated string is used, the compiler checks if the interpolated string is assigned to a type that satisfies the interpolated string handler pattern. An interpolated string handler is a custom type that converts the interpolated string into a string. An interpolated string handler is an advanced scenario, typically used for performance reasons. You can learn about the requirements to build an interpolated string handler in the language specification for interpolated string improvements. You can build one following the interpolated string handler tutorial in the What's new in C# section. In .NET 6, when you use an interpolated string for an argument of type string, the interpolated string is processed by the System.Runtime.CompilerServices.DefaultInterpolatedStringHandler.
One side effect of interpolated string handlers is that a custom handler, including System.Runtime.CompilerServices.DefaultInterpolatedStringHandler, may not evaluate all the expressions used as placeholders in the interpolated string under all conditions. That means side-effects in those expressions may not occur.
C# language specification
For more information, see the Interpolated strings section of the C# language specification.
See also
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Spaghetti substitute
Post 1
Mornessar - h2g2's resident Wise Man
Ramen can also be used in a pinch as a substitute for spaghetti, and is less expensive than buying the spaghetti itself. You can use store-bought sauces if you're too lazy to make your own.
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TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the effects of aminosugar cardiac glycosides with ouabain and digoxin on Na+, K+ -adenosine triphosphatase and cardiac contractile force. JF - Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics JO - J Pharmacol Exp Ther SP - 141 LP - 148 VL - 204 IS - 1 AU - Caldwell, R W AU - Nash, C B Y1 - 1978/01/01 UR - http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/204/1/141.abstract N2 - Two aminosugar cardiac glycosides, 3-beta-O-(4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl) digitoxigenin (ASI-222) and its 4-aminoglucose analog (ASI-254) have been shown in our laboratory to have a greater therapeutic index than ouabain (O) or digoxin (D). We have now compared the ability of ASI-222, its nonamino galactose analog (ASI-253), ASI-254, ouabain and digoxin to inhibit swine brain Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K+-ATPase) and to increase contractile force of isolated, driven rabbit atria. As inhibitors of Na+,K+ -ATPase, both ASI-222 and ASI-254 were found to be about 10 times more potent than ASI-253, O or D (I50:ASI-222, 1.3 X 10(-7) M; ASI-254, 1.4 X 10(-7) M; ASI-253, 1.15 X 10(-6) M; D, 1.6 X 10(-6) M; O, 1.75 X 10(-6) 7). Moreover the potency of these glycosides in inhibiting Na+, K+ -ATPase correlates closely with the ability of these same glycosides to increase contractile force. The concentration needed to obtain 50% of the maximum increase in contractile force was 9.7 X 10(-8) M for ASI-254, 1.5 X 10(-7) M for ASI-222, 8.8 X 10(-7) M for ASI-253 8.4 X 10(-7) M for O and 1.2 X 10(-6) M for D. Since ASI-253, a nonaminogalactose analog of ASI-222, exhibits a potency in both of our test systems which is similar to the other neutral sugar cardenolides, our data also indicate that the presence of an aminosugar group at position 4 of a sugar in a cardiac glycoside confers greater potency. ER -
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Nearly all Robo Advisors are low-cost, passive ETF managers. These managers historically have all underperformed their benchmarks, which we believe is partially due to their outdated investment allocation process called “Modern Portfolio Theory”.
We manage your portfolios using a next-generation investment allocation process called “Heavy Tail Optimization” which is a fancy way of saying we maximize the amount of return potential in your portfolio, and minimize the amount of risk you need to take to achieve that return. Higher returns, for less risk.
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Comparing Teaching Roles: Instructor vs. Student Perspectives
A photo of a male teacher standing in front of a chalkboard with calculus equations written on it.
While teaching involves multiple skills such as leadership, facilitation, organization, and management, much of what teachers do in the classroom is built on relationships with students. These relationships are integral to teaching and learning and while much of the relationship-building that goes on in a classroom may be intuitive, this article asks you to think more deeply about how you build and maintain relationships among and with students in your classroom.
Students and instructors often have different perspectives on what makes an effective college classroom. Stephen Meyers (2009), a professor of psychology at Roosevelt University, breaks these different perspectives down into two categories: the instructional role and the personal role. The instructional role is the outcome of academic knowledge, classroom preparation, and clarity of delivery. The personal role is characterized by concern and regard for students, availability to students, and personal interaction.
Perhaps unsurprisingly, students often favor the personal role over the instructional role while instructors favor the instructional role. The following table lists traits of master teachers from both student and faculty perspectives:
Five Traits of Master Teachers
Student Perspective
Faculty Perspective
1. Realistic expectations, fair
1. Knowledgeable about topic
2. Knowledgeable about topic
2. Enthusiastic about teaching
3. Display understanding
3. Promote critical thinking
4. Approachable, personable
4. Well prepared for class
5. Respectful towards students
5. Approachable, personable
*Table adapted from Buskist et al., 2002.
Improving the personal role of your teaching is not just “touchy-feely” stuff, because the learning climate can have a significant impact on how students learn in the classroom. Take a moment and consider your own learning experiences. What were the most memorable and why? How did the personal role influence your learning?
Getting to know your students and letting them get to know you can be a new experience for both of you. Find your comfort level with the personal role, then reveal a bit more of your humanity. Perhaps you like cooking a certain cuisine or you are taking classes as a pastry chef. When students start to see your humanity, they start to feel more connected, and more willing to engage. Even their academic performance will benefit from the experience.
You can build upon this personal role by even incorporating your life experience into your lectures and classroom activities. One of the best ways to encourage students to understand the content is to provide examples that are “professionally personal.” There are examples from graduate classes, books, and experiences gained over time that will benefit student learning in your course. Use these kinds of examples often, from the beginning of the course to the end. Doing this helps students see the immediate relevancy of course content and demonstrates how what students learn extends far beyond the walls of the classroom.
On the flip side of this personal role is getting to know your students on a more personal level. Gender, race, age, work experience, military experience, birthplace, parental status, employment status, political affiliation, and life experiences of students in the class influence how students think about what is being taught. Consider surveying students at the beginning about characteristics such as their gender, race, age, employment status, parental status, marital status, etc. Do keep FERPA guidelines in mind when surveying for this information though.
Knowing characteristics of students can help guide the selection of examples for course materials. If the students, for example, are primarily young, single, and without children, using examples based on experiences being a parent or being married may not work well for them. If instructors must explain the significance of a simple example, the example is likely an ineffective teaching tool for that class! Be as aware as possible about the characteristics of the students in the class. Be sensitive to their perspectives as examples are being prepared. Keep in mind though, as much as student characteristics vary, there are certain principles to teaching to what students have in common.
Buskist, W., Sikorski, J., Buckley, T., & Saville, B.K. (2002). Elements of master teaching. In Davis, S.F. & Buskist, W. (Eds) The teaching of psychology: Essays in honor of Wilburt J. McKeachie and Charles L. Brewer (pp. 27-39). Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum.
Meyers, S. (2009). Do your students care whether you care about them? College Teaching, 57(4), 205-210.
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COVID-19 Test And What Does It Consist Of? Secrets You Never Knew
Coronavirus Test The diagnosis of those affected by COVID-19 is crucial to adequately treat the disease and stop the transmission of the new coronavirus. Since the beginning of the epidemic, diagnostic tests have been used, but the type of tools used and the criteria for selecting the people who should undergo these tests have varied. Now that we are in the worst moments of the pandemic, we explain to whom they are made and what devices are used.
Coronavirus Test And What Does It Consist Of Uncovered
Coronavirus Test And What Does It Consist Of Uncovered
Health professionals are in charge of deciding, with clinical criteria, who undergoes this type of tests, following the guidelines set by the authorities. According to the Ministry of Health, in a pandemic situation, conducting coronavirus tests should focus on two priority groups:
People with acute respiratory infection with criteria for hospital admission. In this way, transmission in hospitals is avoided. People with acute respiratory infection who are part of health personnel, socio-health personnel or other essential services. This guarantees essential services and protects vulnerable groups, controlling transmission.
However, these priority criteria have been expanded for various reasons, including that the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended mass testing to all countries and the Government has acquired a considerable number of so-called rapid tests .
For this reason, diagnostic tests are also considered for particularly vulnerable people (such as the elderly in nursing homes), even if they are not serious. In short, people with mild symptoms are no longer ruled out. But always after an individualized clinical evaluation, two types of tests are used to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is the coronavirus that causes the disease called COVID-19: PCR and rapid tests.
PCR, acronym in English for polymerase chain reaction, is a technique that allows to detect and amplify a fragment of the genetic material of viruses, bacteria or other pathogens. In the case of the coronavirus, what is located is an RNA molecule.
To perform it, a respiratory sample of the person suspected of being infected is required. For example, a nasopharyngeal exudate can be obtained, that is, a sample of the secretions from the upper part of the throat. If the test is positive, that is, when RNA from the virus is detected, that individual is confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2.
It is a method of common and habitual use in the microbiology laboratories of hospitals and research centers. However, it presents a certain degree of complexity, so it can only be carried out by trained and prepared personnel.
Proof That Who Should Have The Coronavirus Test And What Does It Consist Of? Is Exactly What You Are Looking For
Among the fundamental advantages of PCR, its high specificity stands out, since it can differentiate between two evolutionarily very close microorganisms; high sensitivity, as it detects amounts of 20 copies / ml, or even less, of viral genetic material; and its early character because it detects viruses in the early stages of respiratory infection.
PCR has a disadvantage in an emergency and pandemic: it takes several hours to determine if a person is infected or not, which, in turn, limits the number of diagnostic tests that each laboratory can perform per day. On the contrary, the so-called rapid diagnostic tests allow knowing in 10-15 minutes whether a person is infected with the new coronavirus. So why hasn’t this technique been used so far? The Ministry of Health responds in a statement that “until a good number of infected patients were available to characterize the antibodies, it could not be developed.”
PCR is a direct method of diagnosis, while rapid tests are indirect. This means that they do not identify the RNA of the virus, but they detect either the antibodies produced against the virus using a blood sample, or virus proteins present in the respiratory samples of nasopharyngeal exudate.
These tests have another advantage over PCR: they can be performed at the home of a suspected case, always supervised by a healthcare professional. They are also being implemented outside some hospitals in certain autonomous communities, without the need for those who submit to them to get off their vehicles. Rapid tests are based on what is known as paper immunochromatography, that is, a platform that has attached the virus proteins to detect antibodies, or specific antibodies to detect virus proteins.
But, since its sensitivity and specificity are not as high as those of PCR, when it is performed on a large number of people, it should be considered, in a way, as a screening method, which will allow limiting PCR assays to those patients. with symptoms that give a negative result in the rapid tests. It is hoped that this will free up professionals and resources from the health system to be able to dedicate them to other equally pressing tasks.
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Laura Secord the heroine of the War of 1812 is known now with chocolates, sweets and ice cream too. While most Canadians know that Laura Secord was a wartime hero, few know her for the bravery and courage she had. What was the story of Laura Secord? Where did she live?
The Homestead of Laura Secord
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Pathways Grant logo
Career Exploration
For the Career Exploration requirement of the endorsement, you must complete the following:
1. Financial literacy course/workshop: verification form
2. Career assessment/career interest survey
3. TWO of the following activities:
1. Interaction (with reflection) of school-age children involving an observation of instruction. It is suggested that the observation be 5-hour minimum over a period no longer than 5 weeks. Reflection questions provided.
2. Interview 2 or more education professionals including but not limited to educators, administrators, counselors, speech/language pathologists, psychologists, etc. employed in various roles and job shadow 2 educators for a day each. Questions for job shadow/interview provided.
3. Research 2 or more various education-based jobs and write or orally present results. NOTE: This can be done as part of the Education Pathway class. Career research activities are available in Career Cruising/Xello.
4. Visit a College & Career Fair. Gather information from two Fair participants: one community college and one four-year institution. Complete questionnaire provided.
5. Make a college visit and meet with a faculty member or advisor in Education. Complete questions provided. A verification form must be completed.
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Central Asian Languages
Designated a critical language by the US Department of Defense, Pashto is one of the two official languages of Afghanistan and is commonly spoken in parts of Pakistan.
Uyghur: An Intermediate Textbook offers students, professionals, and travelers alike the preeminent tool for expanding their knowledge of the Uyghur language and culture.
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Pin It
In a new study from Skoltech and the University of Kentucky, researchers have found a new connection between quantum information and quantum field theory. This work attests to the growing role of quantum information theory across various areas of physics. The paper was published in the journal Physical Review Letters.
Quantum plays an increasingly important role as an organizing principle connecting various branches of physics. In particular, the theory of quantum correction, which describes how to protect and recover information in quantum computers and other complex interacting systems, has become one of the building blocks of the modern understanding of .
To read more, click here.
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ATH Percentage Change
ATH_PERCENTAGE_CHANGE is the drop in percents of the price of a cryptocurrency compared to its maximum price (ATH) of all time.
Suppose there's a cryptocurrency called alphacoin and it reached an ATH price of $1000, which occurred a few months ago. And today, it has a price of $800. This means the price fell by 20% and is now at 80% of the ATH. So, the ATH_PERCENTAGE_CHANGE is -20%.
Today, the bitcoin ATH percentage change is -49% at a price of about $33,000 compared to the ATH of about $64,000.
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Ancient cities had toxic pollution, too
Ancient cities had toxic pollution, too
Lake Amatitlán is so green that it shines. “It appears like paint,” states Matthew Waters, a paleoecologist at the University of Auburn. Industrial contamination and sewage from Guatemala City drips down into this valley in the highlands, feeding algal flowers that produce levels of hazardous chemicals 100 times greater than the level thought about harmful by the World Health Organization. “It’s one of the densest green, a lot of hazardous algal blossoms” worldwide, states Waters, who studies traces of algae left in soil cores.
Algal blossoms such as these position growing health and ecological issues In the Gulf of Mexico, they develop dead zones that choke fisheries. Previously this year, 3 pet dogs passed away after playing in Washington’s infected Columbia River. While algal flowers are typically believed of as a contemporary phenomenon, fed by fertilizers utilized in commercial farming, brand-new research study led by Waters recommends that Lake Amatitlán has actually experienced these flowers in the past– when it sat at the feet of a much older city.
The findings, released today in the journal PNAS, might assist discuss what led the Maya individuals to leave their huge, elaborate cities almost 1,000 years earlier.
By analyzing 2,000 years of lake bed for particular pigments left by algae–” the exact same colors that remain in fall leaves,” Waters states– the group might see how the water quality had actually altered gradually. 4 unique durations in the lake’s history emerged. There was a big spike in algae over the last 80 years, with fairly tidy water in between 1200 and 1800 CE, and 200 and 450 CE. 450 to 1200 saw a spike in hazardous algae, throughout a duration when the neighboring Maya city of Kaminaljuyú was broadening.
” The flowers that the Maya skilled were at least on the order of magnitude” as today, states Waters.
The group didn’t simply discover proof of algal blossoms: they likewise discovered the associated toxic substances maintained in the mud. The link in between toxic substances and algal blossoms is made complex, due to the fact that you can have a flower without contaminant, and contaminant with just a little blossom. The poisonous particles likewise break down gradually, so it’s tough to understand how dangerous the water in fact got. The remains offer clear proof that the algal flowers did have some effect on water quality.
It’s possible that this algal uptick was because of the density of the city upriver, which would have produced a lot of sewage. There’s likewise proof that overflow from farms increased throughout the duration.
The research study emerged out of 2 associated concerns. Waters research studies records of algal flowers at the bottoms of lakes and other waterways in the Southeast, while his associate Mark Brenner, a coauthor on the research study, research studies ecological conditions throughout the Mayan city-building duration. One day, Brenner revealed Waters an image of Lake Amatitlán, who reacted “guy, we’ve got to do some pigments.”
The lake was plainly susceptible to establishing algal blossoms, and a significant Mayan city had actually existed within its watershed. It was the perfect location to ask whether Mayan metropolitan societies had actually affected their water quality.
” We revealed that the boost in population accompanies the hazardous algal blossoms,” states Waters, “which’s a piece of details that we can require to other Maya websites.”
[Related: The Maya dealt with a form of climate change, too. Here’s how they survived.]
The story of the Maya is typically framed as one of disastrous collapse, however that’s not rather. Maya individuals continue to reside in Guatemala and Mexico, and Maya cities existed up till the Spanish genocide in the mid-1500 s. Still, Maya society altered tremendously throughout the countless years this research study concentrated on. Around 900 CE, individuals started to leave much of the bigger lowland cities, with their huge pyramids and numerous countless citizens. The procedure didn’t take place simultaneously, and played out in a different way in Lake Amatitlán’s highland area– however it leaves a concern: why, and how, would a metropolitan society go back to a rural one?
Ecological elements most likely contributed. Previous research study has actually recommended that extreme dry spell might have driven the Maya out of cities. Waters and his associates argue that in addition to deficiency, the quality of the water might have put cities in hazard.
That matches other current research study from the lowland city of Tikal, house to the most significant recognized Maya temple complex, and the center of a huge rural sprawl in the jungle. That research study utilized hereditary proof to identify damaging algae in the city’s aquifer, together with mercury, which likely originated from a brilliant red paint pigment called cinnabar. Not every tank was contaminated, which recommends that Tikal’s homeowners may have depended on some for water, and others for decor.
What that indicated for Kaminaljuyú is unidentified. Lake Amatitlán was downstream from the city, and it’s difficult to state whether the water quality added to its ultimate decrease. Still, it’s clear the concern ought to be asked, and Waters prepares to do follow-up examinations in lowland cities quickly. “Anthropologists and archaeologists did not understand to search for declines in water quality. That wasn’t even on their radar,” states Waters. “They’re searching for sociopolitical combating, farming decimation, from exhausting the land or soil disintegration.”
The complete story most likely involves the overlap of all those forces. “We discovered that individuals who resided in the elite district of Tikal in fact triggered the contamination of their water sources,” states David Lentz, who led who led the Tikal research study, and is an anthropologist associated with Harvard University’s Dumbarton Oaks museum. And they did it unconsciously. And for me, this all indicate a bigger circumstance about people. That when we customize the environment, we do it with a particular function in mind, however often there are unintentional effects.”
We do not understand where decreasing water quality and environmental collapse will lead us, and now we understand where it’s preceded.
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Charting a new course: How Poland can contribute to European defence
By engaging with the Strategic Compass, Poland can help ensure that the EU’s defence initiatives complement those of NATO and develop in line with Polish interests
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In the debate on European security, defence, and ‘strategic autonomy’, Poland focuses much of its attention on Germany and France. In experts’ circles and declarations by policymakers, the Polish discourse is dominated by references to the two states and, occasionally, some northern or Visegrád countries. However, Warsaw often seems to devote too much attention to its differences with Paris. In doing so, Warsaw loses sight of the fact that most member states share its recognition of NATO’s role as Europe’s key security provider – and of the coalitions that it could build with them on this basis.
Poland sometimes overemphasises the extent to which strategic autonomy competes with the United States and NATO to be the focal point of European security. Many other member states see these two dimensions as complementary. For example, Germany expresses an unequivocal commitment to NATO – as do EU countries that sometimes go under Poland’s radar, such as Italy, Spain, and Portugal. While these southern member states have different threat perceptions, they share with Poland a sense of NATO’s importance to their security.
Poland should not use France’s traditional approach to European defence as a yardstick for other southern EU countries. This is because the approach is the result of a foreign and defence policy dating back to the French withdrawal from NATO’s integrated military command, in 1966. In its 2018 joint declaration with the EU, NATO stated that it welcomes the union’s defence initiatives as efforts that will help protect the union. Thus, NATO does not perceive these initiatives as being in conflict with its own objectives.
By overcoming its paralysing anxiety about strategic autonomy, Warsaw could make a more effective contribution to the EU security architecture – including by shaping the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) in a manner that serves its interests. For instance, Warsaw could take a more proactive approach to joint procurement of defence capabilities, working alongside mid-sized European partners that share its views of the transatlantic relationship. In this way, Poland could establish more balanced defence-industrial relationships than would be possible if it partnered with larger states, such as the US, Germany, and France.
Poland is right to remind its EU partners that collective defence is firmly within NATO’s remit, and that they are still far from acquiring adequate capabilities to plan, deploy, and conduct autonomous military operations, especially those in high-intensity conflicts. This realism could feed into the reassessment of the EU’s approach to crisis management – one that takes greater account of the vast range of hybrid threats posed by the union’s rivals, which often blur the line between internal and external security. It is also important for Poland to push for better coordination between CSDP missions and other EU instruments – such as those financed by the EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa, or by the European Peace Facility.
Such an attitude would create mutually beneficial dynamics. The EU’s defence initiatives would have the full support of one of the most promising member state in the field. And Poland could not only influence the development of the CSDP but also start to regain some of the political capital it has lost on other issues, ranging from the rule of law to human rights.
If Poland uses it properly, the Strategic Compass will provide the country with a space in which to shift these confrontational dynamics, identify where its interests converge with those of other member states, and create synergistic relationships with them in line with Polish interests. This would not be an easy process: there is a considerable risk that Poland and other member states would be unable to overcome their differences, especially when it came to the threat perceptions at the core of the Strategic Compass. But there are several areas of defence cooperation in which Warsaw can make a real contribution. Concretely, Poland can work to ensure that the EU places enough emphasis on resilience and partnerships, the two areas of focus of the Strategic Compass that the country prioritises (the other two areas are crisis management and capabilities).
On partnerships, Poland could work with like-minded member states across Europe to ensure that EU initiatives aligned with and complemented those of NATO.
On resilience, Warsaw could raise awareness about issues that deserve far more attention from member states, such as threats to critical infrastructure, cyber attacks, electoral meddling, and disinformation campaigns. This would require Polish leaders to explain how vulnerabilities in these areas increasingly undermine the security of the EU and countries in its neighbourhood, such as Ukraine and Moldova.
On capabilities development, Poland could use new initiatives such as Permanent Structured Cooperation and the European Defence Fund to build stronger industrial links with its EU partners – and to avoid being left behind when they proceed with defence integration. Given its limited defence-industrial capacity, Poland needs to look beyond European giants in the field such as Germany and France to build a more balanced industrial relationship with its European partners. Warsaw should ensure that the capabilities member states discuss are fully aligned with NATO’s priorities. Once again, it can achieve this through proactive and constructive engagement with such issues.
Crisis management will also be a challenging area for Poland, given that EU member states have no appetite for long, personnel-heavy, and financially demanding operations. This area will require the careful allocation of resources to various geographical areas, creating the right balance between the EU’s eastern and southern neighbourhoods. Warsaw should promote the vision of a NATO-centred collective defence effort for Europe and a complementary EU crisis management and border control system for providing the legal, normative, economic, and social tools that NATO lacks.
At the same time, the EU needs to consider developing the capacity to launch military operations in its southern neighbourhood. Here, Poland could use its pragmatic concerns about such operations to help create a realistic plan for what the EU can achieve, without undermining the union’s attempts to take on a more active role in the area. Even if Warsaw does not want to be involved in operations in the EU’s southern neighbourhood, it can help close the gap between rhetoric and reality in the debate on them, starting with the Strategic Compass. In this, Warsaw will need to communicate a clear vision of its place in the EU security and defence architecture, to prevent other member states from viewing it as a spoiler of the union’s attempts to play a more active role on defence.
Karolina Muti is an ECFR-CSP junior pan-European fellow.
This text was drafted on the basis of discussions at two workshops involving French, Polish, and German participants organised by the European Council on Foreign Relations and the German Federal Ministry of Defence on 9 February and 12 February 2021.
ECFR-CSP Junior Pan-European Fellow
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by Alexandru Gheorghiu (University of Edinburgh) and Elham Kashefi (University of Edinburgh, CNRS)
Quantum computers promise to efficiently solve not only problems believed to be intractable for classical computers, but also problems for which verifying the solution is also intractable. How then, can one check whether quantum computers are indeed producing correct results? We propose a protocol to answer this question.
Quantum information theory has radically altered our perspective about quantum mechanics. Initially, research into quantum mechanics was devoted to explaining phenomena as they are observed in nature. But the focus then changed to designing and creating quantum systems for computation, information processing, communication, and cryptography among many other tasks. In particular, what became clear was that quantum interference - “the heart of quantum mechanics”, as Richard Feynman described it - can be harnessed for quantum computation. Algorithms running on a hypothetical quantum computer would be able to solve problems by creating an interference pattern of different computational branches. This can lead to an exponential saving in the amount of resources used by a quantum algorithm, when compared to the best known classical algorithms. The most famous example of this is Shor's algorithm for factoring numbers which is exponentially faster than the best known classical factoring algorithms.
But having a device which can solve problems exponentially faster than classical computers raises an interesting question: can a classical computer efficiently verify the results produced by this device? At first, one might be tempted to dismiss this question and say that as long as each component of a quantum computer has been tested and works correctly, there is no need to worry about the validity of the device's results. However, the point of verification is much more profound. Quantum computers would provide one of the most stringent tests of the laws of quantum mechanics. While numerous experiments involving quantum systems have already been performed to a remarkable precision, they all utilized relatively few degrees of freedom. But when many degrees of freedom are involved, and because predicting the outcome of the experiment requires exponential resources, it quickly becomes infeasible to calculate the possible results of the experiment without resorting to lax approximations. Verification of quantum computation would therefore allow for a new test of quantum mechanics, a test in the regime of high complexity.
There is another important reason for verifying quantum computations, having to do with cryptography. The first quantum computers are likely to be servers, to which clients can connect through the Internet. We can already see an instance of this with the recent 5-qubit and 16-qubit devices that IBM has made available to the general public [L1]. When larger devices become available, users will wish to delegate complex computations to them. However, in such a distributed environment, malicious agents might perform man-in-the-middle attacks or compromise the remote server. The clients would then need a means to check the validity of the server's responses. In fact, in this setting, users might also wish to keep their data hidden even from the quantum computer itself, as it might involve sensitive or classified information.
So can one verify quantum computations while also maintaining the secrecy of the client's input? The answer is yes. In fact, the client's ability to keep the input hidden is what makes verification possible. This was shown by Fitzsimons and Kashefi when they proposed a verification protocol based on a cryptographic primitive known as Universal Blind Quantum Computation (UBQC) [1,2]. In UBQC, a client that can prepare single qubits has the ability to delegate quantum computations to a server, in such a way that the server is oblivious to the computation being performed. To do verification, the client can then exploit this property by embedding tests in the computation, referred to as traps, which will fail if the server doesn't perform the correct computation. Of course, the problem with this approach is that the client needs to trust that the qubit preparation device works correctly and produces the specified states. But if, prior to the start of the protocol, a malicious agent corrupts the preparation device, the client could later be tricked into accepting incorrect results.
To address this issue, we, together with Dr. Petros Wallden, at the University of Edinburgh, proposed a verification protocol which is device-independent [3]. In other words, the client need not trust any of the quantum devices in the protocol. This is achieved by using a powerful result of Reichardt, Unger and Vazirani, known as rigidity of non-local correlations [4]. Non-local correlations are correlations between responses of non-communicating parties that cannot be reproduced classically, unless the parties are allowed to communicate. Such correlations can be produced, quantum mechanically, through a suitable strategy for measuring certain entangled states. The rigidity result is essentially a converse to this. It states that certain non-local correlations can only be produced by a particular, unique strategy. Observing such correlations between non-communicating devices then implies that the devices are behaving according to this fixed strategy. What is remarkable about this result is that it only requires examining the outputs of the devices, without assuming anything about their inner workings.
The protocol then works as follows: the client has an untrusted device for measuring single qubits and is also communicating classically with the quantum server. By examining the outputs of the two devices, it follows from the rigidity result that the client can check whether the two devices are sharing entanglement and performing measurements as instructed. If so, the client leverages this and uses the entanglement to remotely prepare single qubit states on the server's side. Finally, the client uses the trap-based scheme of Fitzsimons and Kashefi to delegate and verify an arbitrary quantum computation to the server.
Figure 1: Device-independent verification protocol. The client, or verifier, will instruct both the measurement device and the server to measure entangled qubits. The statistics of these measurements are then checked by the verifier. All communication with the quantum devices is classical.
Verification is an important milestone on the road to scalable quantum computing technology. As we have seen, verification protocols exist even for the most paranoid users. But even so, questions still remain regarding their optimality, their ability to tolerate noise and imperfections, as well as other issues. Addressing all these questions is a key challenge for both theorists and experimentalists and their resolution will shape the landscape of the emerging Quantum Internet.
[1] A. Broadbent, J.F. Fitzsimons, E. Kashefi: “Universal blind quantum computation”, in Proc. of FOCS ‘09, IEEE Computer Society (2009) 517 – 526.
[2] J.F. Fitzsimons, E. Kashefi: “Unconditionally verifiable blind quantum computation”, Phys. Rev. A 96 (2017) 012303.
[3] A. Gheorghiu, E. Kashefi, P. Wallden: “Robustness and device independence of verifiable blind quantum computing”, New Journal of Physics 17(8) (2015) 083040.
[4] B.W. Reichardt, F. Unger, U. Vazirani: Classical command of quantum systems. Nature 496(7446) (2013) 456.
Please contact:
Elham Kashefi, University of Edinburgh, UK and CNRS, France
Alexandru Gheorghiu
University of Edinburgh, UK
Next issue: January 2022
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Emeka Aniagolu
Black Mustard Seed
Enugu, Nigeria: Fourth Dimension, 2002. Pp. 312. 11.95 US $19.95
Reviewed by Tera Maxwell
In Black Mustard Seed, Emeka Aniagolu employs a traditional romance plot to examine how forms of cultural nationalism in Nigeria thwart the unity of a nation. One solution, his novel suggests, is through intermarriage and the offspring of these unions. Through love, through dispelling perceptions of ethnic stereotypes, through erasing the memory of a horrific civil war, through the creating of a new history, Nigerians may form a nation. In the novel, two pairs of lovers from diverse ethnic groups must overcome the prejudice of their families. Through their unions, the main characters strive to create a new communal memory to supersede a traumatic past, the blight of civil war.
Bisi, Chike, Mohammed, and Ngozi are medical students at the University of Ibadan. Sharing progressive ideas and ignoring their ethnic, religious, class, or political differences, these friends represent the future of Wazobia, a fictional portrayal of Nigeria. The romance between Bisi, a Yoruba, and Chike, an Igbo, reveals the clash between the Yoruba and Igbo cultures. Ironically, although both Bisi's and Chike's families are devoted Catholics, worship in the same cathedral, and belong to the same elite class, the fathers have difficulty seeing past their ethnocentrism. Both sets of parents fear that marriage outside their tribes will result in a weakening of their respective cultural traditions. The engagement ceremony highlights the great disparity between cultures when Chike's family requests that the groom throw himself at her parents' feet. This traditional Igbo nuptial ritual conflicts with the Yoruba definition of masculine dignity and almost thwarts the wedding plans. Intervening, Chike's mother speaks to Bisi's council of elders to resolve this cultural dilemma.
While the relationship between Bisi and Chike demonstrates the difficulties of tribalism, the romance between Mohammed and Ngozi presents a further complication in this conundrum of nation-building: the divisiveness of religion. Mohammed, a Muslim Hausa, and Ngozi, an Igbo Christian, must convince their families to accept this intermarriage. When Ngozi informs her parents about her love for a Hausa, she is kicked out of the house. Her aunt, the matriarchal power in the family, acts as Ngozi's advocate, threatening to divulge the secret of Ngozi's father's past (an illegitimate son from an affair with a Hausa woman) to persuade him to consent to the union. In turn, Mohammed convinces his wealthy father to support his marriage, and together they journey to southern Wazobia to propose to Ngozi's family.
Endorsing this novel, Chinua Achebe calls it "an important, rich and supremely readable contribution to Nigerian literature." With nationhood a pressing theme of the twenty-first century, Black Mustard Seed is a worthwhile novel to read particularly for those interested in such concepts as nationality, ethnicity, Nigerian politics, and African studies. The plot engages the reader with its amusing and oftentimes tearful scenes, while the earnestness of its themes elicits one's intellectual interest. Unfortunately, philosophical ideas at times overshadow character development so that the characters become mere mouthpieces for Aniagolu's views. Perhaps it is the author's scholarly background as a professor of African Studies at Ohio Wesleyan University leaking through. Despite this reservation, we look forward to reading more works of fiction by this promising writer in the future.
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Web Dev Ken
Web Dev Ken
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Why JavaScript Numbers Are Not Precise
You might have already heard not to do mathematical calculations with JavaScript. Atleast if you need precise results.
But there are whole numbers, decimals and floating point numbers in JavaScript. Why can I not calculate my mathemtical formulas with it?
At first glance, it might look like JavaScript displays large numbers correctly. Mostly it does, but then mostly it doesn't. Why is that? There is actually a pretty concrete reason from the perspective of a computer, but we will get to that in a moment. Let's first look at some examples:
const divide = 15 / 3;
// 5
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As in the example above, 15 gets divided by 3 that results in 5, if we log the result to the console. Everything fine so far. Let's do a more complex calculation.
const divide = 15 / 0.1;
// 150
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In the calculation above, we divide 15 by 0.1 which results in 150. Still no issues, right? Let's make the divisor smaller and observe what happens.
const divide = 15 / 0.01;
// 1_500
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All OK.
const divide = 15 / 0.001;
// 15_000
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Still OK.
const divide = 15 / 0.0001;
// 150_000
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Hah! No issues, give me more!
Note: I am using thousands step notation like "1_000" for better showing the growth. The console.log actually doesn't display numbers that way. Writing numbes that way however is absolutely valid in JavaScript.
Until now everything seems to work as expected. The next line will change your expectation drastically:
const divide = 15 / 0.00001;
// 1_499_999.9999999998
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What happened? We expected 15 divided by 0.00001 to equal 1_500_000 but actually received 1_499_999.9999999998. What's going on? Let's explain that.
The Explanation
Not only JavaScript, but also other programming languages have sometimes issues in displaying large floating point numbers. Consider the number PI, which is something like 3.141592653589793... and so on. Pretty much every programming language has problems displaying the full number PI, but why?
The reason is pretty simple: Memory space. Holding a large floating point number actually needs a lot of memory space to display it as accurately as possible. Most programming languages have therefore agreed on a strategy to solve this problem. They either round the value at the last comma place, once it reaches the end of space, to fit back again (also called approximation). Or they use a special type like BigDecimal in Java or BigInteger in C#, to reserve more memory space than the normal number type like int or double.
When it comes to JavaScript, it runs in an environment where it has certain limitations and design choices baked into it. One design choice why it results in even less accurate numbers is, that whole numbers, negative numbers and floating point numbers all have to fit in 64 bit memory space. You can imagine that shortenings had to be made to actually fit all these numbers into a limited space of 64 bits.
Source: Values, Types, and Operators
How should I display large numbers in my application?
The answer is easy, you don't - if possible. Because eventually you might run into inaccuracy very quickly. If you have an application with a backend that uses a programming language that can handle larger numbers, you could use JavaScript to only show these numbers as strings. Or you could use JavaScript NPM packages like decimal.js or bignumber.js, that can handle large numbers a little better. At the end you have to acknowledge that JavaScript has these limitations.
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Picture of amendments
Browse 5,122 constitution amendment stock photos and images available, or search for bill of rights or constitutional convention to find more great stock photos and pictures. we the people 9 - constitution amendment stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images. declaration of independence - constitution amendment stock pictures, royalty-free. 4,953 first amendment stock photos, vectors, and illustrations are available royalty-free. See first amendment stock video clips. of 50. 1st amendment first ammendmant 1st+amendment first amendment rights lawyer news parkland protests amendments student walkouts no more violence amendment. Try these curated collections
Pictures of the 10 Amendments 1st Amendment: Freedom of Speech This picture goes with the 1st amendment because it shows Free Speech in the picture and that is what the 1st amendment says. Freedom of Speech means that anyone can speak whenever they want. 2nd Amendment: Right to Bear Arms This picture goes with th Browse 129 first amendment us constitution stock photos and images available, or search for bill of rights to find more great stock photos and pictures. The United States. Bill of Rights. The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed following the 1787-88 battle over..
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These images are in the public domain and no permission is required to use them. Please credit the National Archives as the original source. The Declaration of Independence High-Resolution Declaration Image (1.43 MB) This image is of the actual Declaration of Independence parchment. Subsequent Amendments to the Constitution. Amendment 11, 1. First of three Reconstruction Amendments passed after Civil War (1865-70) 14th Amendment (1) All persons born in the U.S. are citizens; (2) no person can be deprived of life, liberty or property without DUE PROCESS OF LAW; (3) no state can deprive a person of EQUAL PROTECTION of the laws. Second of three Reconstruction Amendments passed. 10 amendments pictures. Posted on September 25, 2012 by kclaybrook1ecs. 0 AMENDMENT XI - Passed by Congress March 4, 1794.Ratified February 7, 1795. Note: Article III, section 2, of the Constitution was modified by amendment 11. The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State
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Apr 26, 2014 - Explore Richard McDowell's board FOURTH AMENDMENT on Pinterest. See more ideas about amendments, 4th amendment, constitutional law Loading process first amendment stock illustrations. time for change, concept of new life time for change, concept of new, life changing and improvement first amendment stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images. Businesswoman jumping from springboard Growing Business first amendment stock illustrations 14th Amendment. Congress has the right to collect income tax disregarding state population. It took over 10 years to ratify the amendment. Citizens of the united states can vote, they cannot be denied by race or color. The Congress proposed the Fifteenth Amendment on February 26, 1869. The final vote in the Senate was 39 to 13, with 14 not voting 18 Free images of Amendment. Adult Content SafeSearch. 24 36 13. Gun Home House. Adult Content SafeSearch. 17 12 4. Gun Usa. 14 7 0. Gun Pistol Handgun Browse 211 fourth amendment stock photos and images available, or search for search and seizure or constitution to find more great stock photos and pictures. Newest results. search and seizure. constitution. warrant. third amendment. scales of justice. police searching home. police raid
First Amendment Images, Stock Photos & Vectors Shutterstoc
1. The 23rd Amendment to the U.S. Constitution gives the residents of the District of Columbia, or Washington, D.C., the right to vote for electors for the Vice President and President of the United States. Washington, D.C., residents are given the right to vote for electors for the president and vice president by the 23rd Amendment
2. amend amendment amendments congress congressman congressmen election law of nature laws of nature legislation mother nature nature politician politicians repeal senate senator senators. Also available on: Also available as: Download Options. Store/Product Options. Search ID: CS204863. Cartoonist: Paul Snover
3. The Bill of Rights. The original Bill of Rights was passed by Congress on September 25, 1789, and copies of the first twelve articles of amendment were transcribed to be sent to the states for ratification. The following is an image of one of those copies. The ink is badly faded. This image is courtesy of the National Archives.. Original Bill of Rights - Note that there are 12 articles.
4. The first picture in this series of Bill of Rights pictures is a picture of a letter that George Washington wrote to his friend the Marquis de Lafayette in 1788. Marquis is a French title of nobility, similar to a duke, earl or baron. The Marquis de Lafayette had become friends with Washington during the Revolutionary War
5. This picture shows to soldiers staying in a home owners home, sleeping in a room. This picture was most likely applying to what it was like before the Third Amendment. This relates to the amendment because before this amendment was put into the constitution this is what it was like for homeowners
6. The remaining ten amendments became the Bill of Rights. Amendment 1. - Freedom of Religion, Speech, and the Press. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the.
7. Amendment 21 - Repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment 13 . Section. 1. The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed. Sec. 2. The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws.
Pictures of the Amendments jhudelsonec
2. ⬇ Download stock pictures of 2nd amendment on Depositphotos Photo stock for commercial use - millions of high-quality, royalty-free photos & image
3. View full product info. Add To Cart. Estimated Fullfillment: Days. The way I see it, the Constitution cuts both ways. The First Amendment gives you the right to say what you want, but the Second Amendment gives me the right to shoot you for it. Published in: New Yorker (11/29/1992) Categories
4. Amendments to the Constitution American founding documents including Constitution, Bill of Rights, and Declaration of Independence, free to download and print. Choose any Constitution or Founding Document to see details, preview, and print it
5. The 19th Amendment passed 100 years ago today. These photos of suffragettes will make you want to get out and vote. [email protected] (Talia Lakritz) 8/18/202
6. g the Court doesn't reverse its own decision), as was the case with the 16th Amendment. Since the Constitution was ratified in 1788, it has only needed to be edited 27 times
The 27th Amendment, also known as the Congressional Compensation Act of 1789, was the second amendment that James Madison proposed when he brought forward his draft of 12 amendments to the US Constitution. It says that pay raises or decreases for members of Congress can only take effect after the next election That does not foreclose the question whether exposed facial images once collected might be searched. There is a common trope that things in public are exposed, so they can't be searched. It's not quite right. In Kyllo v. United States (2001), the Supreme Court noted that, when the Fourth Amendment was adopted: to 'search' meant. The first 10 amendments to the Constitution make up the Bill of Rights. James Madison wrote the amendments, which list specific prohibitions on governmental power, in response to calls from several states for greater constitutional protection for individual liberties.For example, the Founders saw the ability to speak and worship freely as a natural right protected by the First Amendment This page is a list of the amendments to the United States Constitution.Since the Constitution went into effect on March 4, 1789, twenty-seven amendments have been added to the Constitution. This page gives just a short summary of each of these amendments. For more information about each amendment, click on the links in the box at the right of this page ARTICLES in addition to, and Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America, proposed by Congress, and ratified by the Legislatures of the several States, pursuant to the fifth Article of the original Constitution. Thomas Jefferson wrote to James Madison advocating a Bill of Rights: Half a loaf is better than no bread. If we.
A brief synopsis of the amendments to the U.S. Constitution, along with links to articles on each, is provided in the table. First Amendment 1791 prohibits laws respecting an establishment of religion and protects freedoms of religion, speech, and the press and the rights to assemble peaceably and. PowerPoint available at: https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Mr-Raymond-Civics-Eoc-AcademyThis video teaches about the constitutional amendments, as we.. The first two proposed amendments, which concerned the number of constituents for each Representative and the compensation of Congressmen, were not ratified. Articles 3 to 12, however, ratified by three-fourths of the state legislatures, constitute the first 10 amendments of the Constitution, known as the Bill of Rights Krieger determined Griffin had not demonstrated sufficiently that she should void the administrative regulation on First Amendment grounds. Upon review of the erotic images in question, the judge also found that three of them — depicting women in wet t-shirts and body paint — did fall under the category of nudity and therefore the reading committee had acted appropriately in confiscating them
There are currently 27 ratified amendments (of which the first ten are known as the Bill of Rights) to the Constitution since its enactment. The fifth article of the U.S. Constitution details the procedure for amending it. For an amendment to become official, it must pass a majority of two-thirds from both the House and the Senate of the United. The Bill of Rights (Amendments 1-10) Proposed September 25, 1789; Adopted December 15, 1791. It's almost impossible to imagine the United States (U.S.) Constitution without having a Bill of Rights, but when it was first being drafted, a majority of the Founding Fathers didn't think it was necessary.. However, there were a few men who believed it was so significant that they refused to sign the. Parliament on Thursday passed amendments to the insolvency law that will help safeguard successful bidders of insolvent companies from the risk of criminal p.. Can the police really take photos of your car's license plates and store them for years in a database? A new report from the American Civil Liberties Union is sparking a broader debate about the idea, which has potential Fourth Amendment ramifications. On Wednesday, the ACLU published the results of a year-long project to analyze 26,000 pages.
The Second Amendment as an individual right was affirmed by the U.S. Supreme Court in its Dred Scott v. Sandford decision in 1856. The nation's highest court opined on the intent of the Second Amendment for the first time with the rights of enslaved people in question, writing that affording them the full rights of American citizenship would. ⬇ Download stock pictures of Second amendment on Depositphotos Photo stock for commercial use - millions of high-quality, royalty-free photos & image This exercise employs a memorization tool called the Number Rhyme System in order to recall the first 10 Amendments to the United States Constitution. Think about the stories below and create a picture of each rhyming word in your mind as you read the stories. 01. of 10. AMENDMENT ONE - sticky bun Amendments as on other Bills. Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Represen-tatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States; If he ap-prove he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated Passed by Congress June 13, 1866, and ratified July 9, 1868, the 14th amendment extended liberties and rights granted by the Bill of Rights to former slaves. Following the Civil War, Congress submitted to the states three amendments as part of its Reconstruction program to guarantee equal civil and legal rights to black citizens
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1. Among these, Amendments 1-10 are collectively known as the Bill of Rights, and Amendments 13-15 are known as the Reconstruction Amendments. Excluding the Twenty-seventh Amendment , which was pending before the states for 202 years, 225 days, the longest pending amendment that was successfully ratified was the Twenty-second Amendment , which.
2. 2nd Amendment: A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. 3rd Amendment: No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. 4th Amendment
3. The 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Although ratified on February 3, 1870, the promise.
4. 'For the Future Benefit of My Whole Race': How Black Women Fought for the Vote Before and After 19th Amendment As the U.S. marks the centennial of the 19th Amendment, giving women the right to vote, it is a chance to publicly recognize the work of Ida B. Wells and thousands of other African American women who fought fiercely for its passage but did not gain the same benefit as white women.
5. ently in the long-running debate over gun control
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1. from the 1st United States Congress. The Bill of Rights are the first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution. The idea behind the Bill of Rights was to insure certain freedoms and rights to the citizens of America. It put limits on what the government could do and control. Freedoms protected include freedom of religion, speech.
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4. Ratified in 1865, the 13th Amendment abolished slavery in the United States. This guide provides access to digital collections at the Library of Congress, external websites, and print materials related to the amendment. Digital materials at the Library of Congress related to the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
5. well, through the application of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. *** Widmar v. Vincent, 454 U.S. 263, 268 n.5 (1981). Thus, although CUNY must actively respect First Amendment principles on its campuses, the application of the First Amendment may be affected, in narrow and limited ways, by the unique interests of the academic.
27 Amendments with photos Flashcards Quizle
1. Since the Third Amendment's ratification in 1791, the U.S. Supreme Court has only mentioned it a couple of times. One instance is the 1952 case of Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company v. Sawyer
2. The 2nd Amendment to the US Constitution : How to read and understand it Why people ignore the 2nd Amendment's words The 2nd Amendment of the US Constitution is easy to understand. The problems that Gun-Banners attempt to solve by violating the US Constitution have simple solutions but the Gun-Banners ar
3. It paints a bleak picture for our future. Tragically, failure is nothing new to the 15th Amendment. One need only look to the amendment's history — which, by its nature, is the story of African-American experience — to understand why
4. The amendments included in the Bill of Rights are: Congress cannot make a law that affects the establishment of religion, restricts a person's right or the press's right to free speech, or restricts the right of people to gather together in a peaceful manner. Citizens have the right to own guns. During times of peace soldiers cannot take up.
Free Speech. Tennessee Man Arrested for Posting Picture Mocking Dead Police Officer Files First Amendment Lawsuit Police arrested and charged Joshua Garton with harassment for posting a. 1791: Second Amendment Comes Into Existence. In December 1791, the Second Amendment is ratified and becomes one of the 10 amendments to form the Bill of Rights. To this day, it states: A well.
The Thirteenth Amendment was ratified on December 6, 1865, when Georgia became the twenty-seventh state to approve it out of the then-total thirty-six states. Iowa was the thirty-first state, voting for ratification on January 15, 1866. The document shown here is the joint resolution passed by Iowa's House and Senate and printed on March 30 First Amendment, amendment (1791) to the Constitution of the United States that is part of the Bill of Rights. It protects freedom of worship, of speech, and of the press and the right to assembly and to petition. Learn more about the First Amendment, including a discussion of the various clauses Clearview claims that, like a search engine, it has a First Amendment right to disseminate information that is already available online. But our lawsuit doesn't challenge — and BIPA doesn't prohibit — Clearview's gathering or republishing photographs from across the internet, or expressing its views about who appears in those photos Existing domestic and authorized foreign corporations and other business entities may update their status or amend their records on file with the Department of State by filing documents such as certificates of amendment, certificates of merger and certificates of dissolution The book starts with the first amendment and goes through all ten amendments. The development and value of each amendment is explained thoroughly. This book would be a good one to use when a teacher is introducing a theme cycle about the Bill of Rights and the Constitution
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Obscenity is a confounding area of First Amendment law. Obscenity remains one of the most controversial and confounding areas of First Amendment law, and Supreme Court justices have struggled mightily through the years to define it. Justice Potter Stewart could provide no definition for obscenity in Jacobellis v Browse 10th amendment pictures, photos, images, GIFs, and videos on Photobucke Trump's Big Tech lawsuit: Freedom of speech vs. the First Amendment. Donald Trump's lawsuit against major social media companies pits freedom of speech squarely against the First Amendment. The 26th Amendment was a Congressional activation of the adjustment of the voting age within the United States of America; this Amendment allowed for the national voting age to be adjusted to 18 years of age. The 26th Amendment allowed for the institution of a national voting age in lieu of the preexisting statutes, which allowed for the.
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Amendments with pictures Flashcards Quizle
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All Amendments to the United States Constitutio
7 of 31. Men clean a huge beer tank in preparation for the end of Prohibition. New York. 1933. Imagno/Getty Images. 8 of 31. A huge group lines up outside the Board of Health offices in New York for licenses to sell alcohol shortly after the repeal of Prohibition. April 14, 1933. Keystone/Getty Images. 9 of 31 Images of child pornography are not protected under First Amendment rights, and are illegal contraband under federal law. Section 2256 of Title 18, United States Code, defines child pornography as any visual depiction of sexually explicit conduct involving a minor (someone under 18 years of age)
Amendments 1-27 - U
This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission. Section 1. The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed. Section 2 The First & Second Amendments. The First Amendment is widely considered to be the most important part of the Bill of Rights. It protects the fundamental rights of conscience—the freedom to. The Declaration of Independence & the Constitution of the United States M-654 (rev. 07/08
Amendments 1-27- Match Game. Students can quiz themselves on the subject of each Constitutional amendment. Protection against self-incrimination, double jeopardy. Protection of due process and right to a grand jury. Right to speedy and public trial, impartial jury and right to counsel. Right to a trial by jury in common-law cases That occurred on August 18, 1920, when Tennessee ratified the 19th Amendment. Here are 13 images showing what it looked like when women were finally granted the right to vote Jump to: Preparation Procedure Evaluation In this lesson, students will examine a copy of twelve possible amendments to the United States Constitution as originally sent to the states for their ratification in September of 1789. Students will debate and vote on which of these amendments they would ratify and compare their resulting Bill of Rights to the ten amendments ratified by. 10th Amendment By Ryan Flanihan. Collection Of Free Delegating Clipart 10th Download On. The 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th And 10th. Bill Day Cartoon For 02 10 2009. Batman Slapping Robin Meme Imgflip. 10th Amendment Political Cartoon Kadada Org. 9th And 10th Amendments Youtube Seconds. Compost is an organic amendment to improve crop production. Need will dictate the appropriate types of soil amendments to use. Grass clippings are a form of organic soil amendments. Sand can be added to soil to improve drainage. Fertilizer is a commonly used form of soil amendment. Clay soil can be mixed with gravel to improve aeration
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Amendment, section 2.) The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least on The Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects personal privacy, and every citizen's right to be free from unreasonable government intrusion into their persons, homes, businesses, and property -- whether through police stops of citizens on the street, arrests, or searches of homes and businesses.. Lawmakers and the courts have put in place legal safeguards to ensure that law. Passed by Congress February 26, 1869, and ratified February 3, 1870, the 15th amendment granted African American men the right to vote. To former abolitionists and to the Radical Republicans in Congress who fashioned Reconstruction after the Civil War, the 15th amendment, enacted in 1870, appeared to signify the fulfillment of all promises to.
What Is the 22nd Amendment? (with pictures
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The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) passed Congress in 1972 and was quickly ratified by 35 of the 38 states needed for it to become part of the Constitution. As the seven-year time limit for ratification approached in 1979, Congress and President Jimmy Carter controversially extended the deadline three years. However, no additional states ratified PROBS. 1 (1986); Sanford Levinson, The Embarrassing Second Amendment, 99 Y ALE L.J. 637 (1989); JOYCE LEE MALCOLM, TO KEEP AND BEAR ARMS: THE ORIGINS OF AN ANGLOAMERICAN RIGHT (1994); Glenn Harlan Reynolds, A Critical Guide to the Second Amendment, 62 T ENN. L. REV. 461 (1995); William Van Alystyne, The Second Amendment and the Personal Right. The case raises an interesting constitutional question as to whether, in the absence of local laws like Oregon's, the First Amendment would prohibit public broadcasting by law enforcement of.
Amendments 11-27 in pictures by Chris Chesse
19th Amendment. On August 18th, 1920, the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified. It granted all American women the right to vote. The article read, The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. 5 Myths About the 19th Amendment and Women's Suffrage, Debunked. An August 1920 photo of American suffragist Alice Paul standing on a balcony at the National Women's Party headquarters in. <p>The following is the text of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution:</p><p>Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or. Colorado Springs to pay cameraman $41,000 after First Amendment audit of police. The city of Colorado Springs will pay $41,000 after an encounter between two police officers and a self-proclaimed. Eventually, the Supreme Court overruled Mutual Film in Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson (1952), upon finding that expression by means of motion pictures is included within the free speech and free press guarant[ees] of the First and Fourteenth Amendments. Although the Court observed that [e]ach method (of communication) tends to present.
See photos, profile pictures and albums from First Amendment Audit Cabour In the Classroom. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.. - The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution The Constitution, through the Fourth Amendment, protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. The Fourth Amendment, however, is not a guarantee against all searches and seizures, but only those that are deemed unreasonable under the law. Whether a particular type of search is considered reasonable in the eyes of the. Our FULL SIZE Documents of America bundle contains Historically accurate replicas of The Declaration of Independence (23 x 29), The United States Constitution (23 x 29), The Bill of Rights (23 x 29) and the complete list of the Amendments to the U. S. Constitution (23 x 29)
20 FOURTH AMENDMENT ideas amendments, 4th amendment
1 print on wove paper : lithograph ; image 48 x 62.6 cm. | One of several large commemorative prints marking the enactment on March 30, 1870, of the Fifteenth Amendment, and showing the parade celebrating it which was held in Baltimore on May 19 the same year. The amendment declared that the right to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race. Amendment: 1. A change to one of the terms of a contract. Any type of contract can be amended, and any clause in a contract can be amended by the mutual agreement of both parties. 2. A change to. 56.52. USD. +0.23 +0.41%. The FBI arrested one man after a co-worker at a western Maryland restaurant reported seeing him in images of people assaulting the U.S. Capitol. A Texas man was charged. Democrats cite rarely used part of 14th Amendment in new impeachment article. In search of historical guidance and legal tools to respond to the violent siege of the U.S. Capitol last week. Democrats Push 'Abolition Amendment' To Fully Erase Slavery From U.S. Constitution Congressional Democrats seek to remove the punishment clause from the 13th Amendment which allows members of.
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First Amendment Stock Photos, Pictures & Royalty-Free
The First Amendment, sometimes called Amendment 1, is the first amendment to the United States Constitution and is also one out of ten amendments in the Bill of Rights. The First Amendment makes it illegal to make a law that establishes a religion, stops the freedom of speech, stops people from practicing their religion, stops the press from. The Guardians of the First Amendment Memorial at Newman Park on Compromise Street includes a replica of the printing plate for the front page of The Capital on June 29, 2018, the day after five.
Amendments in pictures by wendy hernande
The 25th Amendment gives the VP and a majority of the sitting cabinet members the power to legally remove the president from office if they believe he's unable to discharge the powers and duties. A pro-life campaigner holds up a model of a 12-week-old embryo during a protest outside the Marie Stopes clinic in Belfast, Northern Ireland, October 18, 2012. (Cathal McNaughton/R) Vermont.
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Operant conditioning
More examples of operant conditioning in action include: After performing in a community theater play, you receive applause from the audience. This acts as a positive... You train your dog to fetch by offering him praise and a pat on the head whenever he performs the behavior correctly. A professor. Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an individual makes an association between a particular behavior and a consequence. B.F Skinner is regarded as the father of operant conditioning and introduced a new term to behavioral psychology, reinforcement Operant conditioning is the process of learning through reinforcement and punishment. In operant conditioning, behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on the consequences of that behavior. Operant conditioning was defined and studied by behavioral psychologist B.F. Skinner
Bei der operanten Konditionierung (englisch: Operant Conditioning) wird Einfluss auf die Auftrittshäufigkeit einer Verhaltensweise genommen. Erwünschte Verhaltensweisen werden durch angenehme Konsequenzen (Positive Verstärkung) bzw. durch das Ausbleiben unangenehmer Konsequenzen (Negative Verstärkung) belohnt. Unerwünschte Verhaltensweisen werden durch unangenehme Konsequenzen (Positive Bestrafung) bzw. durch das Ausbleiben angenehmer Konsequenzen (Negative Bestrafung) unterdrückt Operant (oder instrumental) und klassische (oder Pavlovian) Anlage werden als von Psychologen die einfachsten Formen des Lernens sein. In einer 2018 in Frontiers in Psychology veröffentlichten Studie heißt es: . Durch die operante Konditionierung wird das menschliche Verhalten kontinuierlich durch seine Konsequenzen geprägt und aufrechterhalten In practice, operant conditioning is the study of reversible behavior maintained by reinforcement schedules. We review empirical studies and theoretical approaches to two large classes of operant behavior: interval timing and choice In practice, operant conditioning is the study of reversible behavior maintained by reinforcement schedules. We review empirical studies and theoretical approaches to two large classes of operant.. Instrumentelle und operante Konditionierung, auch Lernen am Erfolg genannt, sind Paradigmen der behavioristischen Lernpsychologie und betreffen das Erlernen von Reiz-Reaktions -Mustern (Stimulus-Response) aus ursprünglich spontanem Verhalten
Beim operanten Konditionieren ist demnach ein Individuum von sich ausgehend aktiv, da es eine ' Operation ' in der Umwelt vornimmt: Ein Verhalten wird gezeigt (vorgenommen, gemacht), welches die Reaktion der Umwelt hervorruft (= Konsequenz auf das Verhalten) Operant conditioning is a theory of learning in behavioral psychology which emphasises the role of reinforcement in conditioning. It emphasises the effect that rewards and punishments for specific behaviors can have on a person's future actions Operant conditioning is a form of associative learning that allows animals, both vertebrates and invertebrates, to establish a predictive relationship between the expression of a specific action and its positive or negative outcome
[...] on the so called operant conditioning which involves immediate [...] reward of desirable behavior or states and discouragement of undesirable behavior or states Operant conditioning is all about the consequences of a behavior; a behavior changes in relation to the environment. If the environment dictates that a particular behavior will not be effective, then the organism changes the behavior. The organism does not need to have conscious awareness of this process for behavior change to take place Psychologist B.F. Skinner has defined Learning behavior through a called an operant conditioning theory. According to him, The behavior of an individual is influenced by the consequences. It is the form of conditioning which explains the relationship between behavior and their consequences or rewards (Reinforcements and Punishments) A process of learning in which a behavior's consequence affects the future occurrence of that behavior. B. F. Skinner derived the principles of operant conditioning from Thorndike's law of effect, which suggests that a behavior producing a favorable or satisfying outcome is more likely to reoccur, while a behavior producing an unfavorable or discomforting outcome is more likely to. Operant conditioning is an experimental procedure in which the behavior of an animal may be followed by either a desirable or an aversive stimulus, arranged by the experimenter. From: Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, 200
Operant conditioning, also known as instrumental conditioning, is a method of learning that employs punishments and rewards for behavior. In this method, a link is established between a behavior and a consequence (whether positive or negative) for that behavior Operant conditioning is a term derived from the word operate. When our behavior operates in the outside world, it produces some kind of effect for us and these effects determine whether we continue to engage in that behavior. If the consequences are rewarding, the response will be repeated and will grow in strength • Operant conditioning - study of goal oriented behavior - Operant conditioning refers to changes in behavior that occur • Operant Behaviors - behaviors that are influenced by • Operant Conditioning - the effects of those. 3 Historical Background • Edwin L. Thorndike, 1898 -Interest in animal intelligence -Believed in systematic investigation -Formulated the Law of Effect.
Operant Conditioning vs Classical Conditioning. Both operant and classical conditioning represent the behaviorist point of view in psychology and represent the different ways a person develops to reflect the world around them. While these forms of conditioning offer reliable processes for behavior change, how a person gets there is a different story Operant Conditioning in Psychology (With Examples) Operant conditioning, also known as instrumental conditioning, is a learning process in which behavior is modified using rewards or punishments. By repeatedly pairing the desired behavior with a consequence, an association is formed to create new learning
What Is Operant Conditioning and How Does It Work
In operant conditioning, organisms learn to associate a behavior and its consequence (). A pleasant consequence makes that behavior more likely to be repeated in the future. For example, Spirit, a dolphin at the National Aquarium in Baltimore, does a flip in the air when her trainer blows a whistle. The consequence is that she gets a fish. Classical and Operant Conditioning Compared; Classical. Operant conditioning and learning can also act on these thresholds giving anticipatory distress faces both to impending stimuli and to painful thoughts. From the Cambridge English Corpus Structures that mediate operant conditioning are flexible structures that adjust their output in response to contingencies in current environments Operant conditioning is often used by parents, teachers and behavioral therapists to help teach new behaviors and discourage undesirable ones. A teacher, for example, might utilize praise and reward systems to encourage good classroom behavior, while also using punishments to minimize disruptive actions Operant conditioning is quite versatile when it comes to explaining wide variety of behaviors, processes of learning, language acquisition and much more. Some more practical application of the operant conditioning learning theory is its use in classrooms, prisons, psychiatric hospitals, and workplaces among much more. However, the theory fails to take into account the internal mental thoughts. Operant conditioning uses some key concepts, which include punishment; this concept presents an adverse effect to an individual in order to discourage an undesirable behavior. The concept of punishment is categorized into positive punishment and negative punishment; positive punishment presents an event that is unfavorable to reduce an undesirable behavior, while negative punishment removes an.
“Operant Conditioning”
Operant Conditioning (B
What Is Operant Conditioning? Definition and Example
Operant Conditioning Negative and positive experiences shape our future behavior choices, even if we don't realize it is happening. 7. Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning ! Occurs when we associate something formerly neutral with something that produces a natural reaction. ! Example: Albert feels fear when he pets a rabbit because he associates the rabbit with a painful noise. An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of a desired goal. Response Chain. Learned reactions that follow one another in sequence, each reaction producing the signal for the next. Aversive Control. process of influencing behavior by means of unpleasant stimuli . Negative Reinforcement. Increasing behaviors by stopping or.
About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators. Operant conditioning, however, trains an animal or human to perform or refrain from certain behaviors. You don't train a dog to salivate. But you can train a dog to sit by giving him a treat every time he sits. You Can Use Operant Conditioning In Your Life . We are used to forms of operant conditioning set up either by the natural world or by authority figures. But you can also use operant. Operant Conditioning (B.F. Skinner) Application. Operant conditioning has been widely applied in clinical settings (i.e., behavior modification) as well as... Example. Ensure that good performance in the lesson is paired with secondary reinforcers such as verbal praise, prizes... Principles..
Operant Conditioning 2
Operante Konditionierung • Skinner und Definition
1. d are not considered in this theory because Skinner felt one cannot fully understand the
2. Operant conditioning examples in everyday life include students/children being rewarded for good grades and behaviors; employees being rewarded for hard work with promotions and raises that reinforces their effort; and animals being trained with treats. The difference between classical and operant conditioning is that OC focuses on voluntary, observable behaviors, while classical conditioning.
3. He is also called the father of Operant Conditioning Learning, but he based his theory known as Law of Effect, discovered by Edward Thorndike in 1905. Operant Conditioning Learning. B.F. Skinner proposed his theory on operant conditioning by conducting various experiments on animals. He used a special box known as Skinner Box for his experiment on rats. As the first step to his.
4. Both classical conditioning and operant conditioning are processes that lead to learning. Classical conditioning pairs two stimuli, while operant conditioning pairs behavior and response. The learning occurs before the response in classical conditioning and after the response in operant conditioning
5. g and clarity of feedback in terms of.
7. Operant Conditioning in the ClassroomIn the conventional learning situation operant conditioning applies largely to issues of class and student management, rather than to learning content. It is very relevant to shaping skill performance.A simple way to shape behavior is to provide feedback on learner performance, e.g. compliments, approval, encouragement, and affirmation. A variable-ratio.
Operante Konditionierung: Was ist das und wie funktioniert
1. Operant conditioning: Escape and avoidance learning Observational learning: Bobo doll experiment and social cognitive theory Long term potentiation and synaptic plasticit
2. Operant Conditioning REINFORCEMENT. The most effective way to teach a person or animal a new behavior is with positive reinforcement. In... PUNISHMENT. Many people confuse negative reinforcement with punishment in operant conditioning, but they are two very... PRIMARY AND SECONDARY REINFORCERS..
3. Skinner (1948) studied operant conditioning by conducting experiments using animals which he placed in a Skinner Box which was similar to Thorndike's puzzle box. B.F. Skinner (1938) coined the term operant conditioning; it means roughly changing of behavior by the use of reinforcement which is given after the desire
Operant Conditioning Example - YouTube
The operant conditioning chamber, popularly known as a Skinner box, was his solution. He kept his test subjects, primarily pigeons and rats, in circumstances that allowed him to closely observe their behavior. He would isolate the animal and every time the animal performed a defined behavior, like pushing a lever, it'd be rewarded with food. When the animal began to reliably push the lever, he. SKinner interview showing operant conditioning with pigeons. Discusses schedules of reinforcemen operant_conditioning_free_en-us Operant conditioning is a simple description of operant conditioning / instrumental learning and why it is important in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).Client difficulties are sometimes the result of positively or negatively reinforced responses, and may respond to a process whereby different reinforcement schedules are used to shape them Operant behavior is behavior controlled by its consequences. In practice, operant conditioning is the study of reversible behavior maintained by reinforcement schedules. We review empirical studies and theoretical approaches to two large classes of operant behavior: interval timing and choice. We discuss cognitive versus behavioral approaches to timing, the gap experiment and its.
PPT - Operant Conditioning PowerPoint Presentation, free
Operant Conditioning Annual Review of Psycholog
Define operant conditioning. operant conditioning synonyms, operant conditioning pronunciation, operant conditioning translation, English dictionary definition of operant conditioning. n. Psychology A learning process in which the likelihood of a specific behavior increases or decreases in response to reinforcement or punishment that... Operant conditioning - definition of operant conditioning. Operant conditioning enables us to understand the powerful impact of these two coping strategies. Both coping strategies are highly reinforcing because they remove or diminish the unpleasant symptoms. Unfortunately, they do nothing to prevent the symptoms from re-occurring again and again in the future. In 1947, O. Hobart Mowrer proposed his two-factor theory of avoidance learning to explain. Operant Conditioning. Operant conditioning stories involve an animal doing something that changes the world in a way that produces, crudely speaking, a good or a bad outcome. When an organism does. Operant conditioning was coined by behaviorist B.F.Skinner which is why you may occasionally hear it referred to as Skinnerian conditioning.Skinner (1948) studied operant conditioning by conducting experiments using animals which he placed in a 'Skinner Box' which was similar to Thorndike's puzzle box. The theory of B.F. Skinner is based upon the idea that learning i Operant conditioning in invertebrates Bjo¨rn Brembs Learning to anticipate future events on the basis of past experience with the consequences of one's own behavior (operant conditioning) is a simple form of learning that humans share with most other animals, including invertebrates. Three model organisms have recently made significant contributions towards a mechanistic model of operant.
operant conditioning (instrumental conditioning) Conditioning in which an animal forms an association between a particular behaviour and a result that reinforces the behaviour, its behaviour being operant (or instrumental) in producing the result. For example, a bird that turns over dead leaves may find food beneath them, so it may come to associate turning over dead leaves with finding food. Operant conditioning is a learning process that influences a person's behavior. In the concept of operant conditioning, behavior can be modified by reinforcement and punishment. With operant conditioning, it is assumed that behavior is a conscious decision. It is the act of behaving in response to stimuli in the environment. The theory of operant conditioning reflects on the concepts of the. Operant conditioning is an important learning method for behavior (that which influences the way in which we behave). Certain examples of the same will help you understand this concept well enough, and in the sections that follow, we will try to get into the details of the same. Continue reading to understand the workings of this interesting concept Operant conditioning is a theory of behaviorism that focuses on changes in an individual's observable behaviors. In operant conditioning, new or continued behaviors are impacted by new or continued consequences. Research regarding this principle of learning was first conducted by Edward L. Thorndike in the late 1800s, then brought to popularity by B. F. Skinner in the mid-1900s
dict.cc | Übersetzungen für 'operant conditioning' im Englisch-Deutsch-Wörterbuch, mit echten Sprachaufnahmen, Illustrationen, Beugungsformen,. Operant conditioning in dogs is a type of learning and developing of new behaviors that doesn't use the the association between stimuli and reflex behaviors that can be seen in classical conditioning.. The principles of operant conditioning were developed from 1938 onward by B. F. Skinner, who was influenced by the investigations of Ivan Pavlov, Edward L. Thorndike and Charles Darwin's theory. And, what Pavlov is to classical conditioning, Thorndike is to operant conditioning. In his famous experiments, he put hungry cats in a cage and placed food right outside of their reach. The cat wandered around in its cage until it happened to step on a lever that released it, so it could get to the food. When the cat was returned to the cage, it had learned to step on the lever somewhat. operant conditioning the organism develops the expectation that their response will be rein-forced, which also includes latent learning without proximate reinforcement (Myers 2008: p. 243). Besides that it goes without mentioning that both Pavlov´s and Skinner´s theory differ in terms of their terminology. All these differences can be summed up by defining classical conditioning as learning. Operant Conditioning is a method that has been researched for over 30 years. Year after year, Spasticity Strength !-- banner table end --> About Us . Our Team Is Growing! The people behind-the-scenes !-- banner table end --> Press Release. May 4, 2021. BioCircuit Technologies Receives $4.6 Million NIH Award BioCircuit Technologies, a development-stage medical device company, received.
Pigeons, Operant Conditioning, and Social ControlOperant conditioning
(PDF) Operant Conditioning - ResearchGat
1. Operant Conditioning; Classical Conditioning. Classical Conditioning. By Dr. Saul McLeod, updated 2018. Classical conditioning (also known as Pavlovian or respondent conditioning) is learning through association and was discovered by Pavlov, a Russian physiologist. In simple terms, two stimuli are linked together to produce a new learned response in a person or animal. The most famous example.
2. operant conditioning: Letzter Beitrag: 06 Nov. 06, 12:58: B. F. Skinner's operant conditioning theory is perhaps the aspect of his behaviorism most pe: 1 Antworten: air conditioning: Letzter Beitrag: 21 Sep. 06, 04:33: Can air conditioning refer to the complete system of air treatment in a building, such as in 13 Antworten: nicht wirksam.
3. In operant conditioning, reinforcement is any change in an organism's surroundings that: occurs regularly when the organism behaves in a given way (that is, is contingent on a specific response), and; is associated with an increase in the probability that the response will be made or in another measure of its strength. For example: you give your dog food every time it sits when you tell it to.
Instrumentelle und operante Konditionierung - Wikipedi
1. APPLICATIONS OF OPERANT CONDITIONING AT THE WORKPLACE. Operant conditioning can be applied at the workplace in various ways, from instituting corporate culture and addressing interactions between employees to helping an organization achieve its annual targets. Below are some ways operant conditioning can be useful at the workplace: Increased Productivity. Positive reinforcement, one of the key.
2. Operant conditioning definition is - conditioning in which the desired behavior or increasingly closer approximations to it are followed by a rewarding or reinforcing stimulus
3. Operant conditioning tries to negate the belief that internal thoughts and mere motivations would bring about learning a behavior. As a behaviorist, Skinner thought that only external causes of behavior should be considered. The term operant was used by Skinner in order to give us a good overview of his theory. By this term, he meant that this type of conditioning involves only external.
4. Operant conditioning can be described as a process that attempts to modify behavior through the use of positive and negative reinforcement. Through operant conditioning, an individual makes an association between a particular behavior and a consequence [2]. Example 1: Parents rewarding a child's excellent grades with candy or some other prize. Example 2: A schoolteacher awards points to.
5. Operant conditioning is a way of learning that is made possible using punishments and rewards for behaviour. In simpler words, operant conditioning allows humans to create an association between a behaviour and its consequence. Skinner believed that humans should look at observable, external causes behind human behaviour instead of only focusing on internal motivations. The behaviourist.
PPT - Operant Conditioning (Types of Reinforcement
Operante Konditionierung nach Skinner - Lernpsychologi
1. Operant Conditioning & its Principles is open for . The scholarship allows level programm(s) in the field of taught at . The deadline of the scholarship is . 1. Operant conditioning: A type of learning in which the probability of occurrence of preceding behavior is increased or decreased, depending upon favorable or unfavorable consequences of the behavior is called operant conditioning.
2. Operant (oder instrumental) und klassische (oder Pavlovian) Anlage werden als von Psychologen die einfachsten Formen des Lernens sein. In einer 2018 in Frontiers in Psychology veröffentlichten Studie heißt es : Durch die operante Konditionierung wird das menschliche Verhalten kontinuierlich durch seine Konsequenzen geprägt und aufrechterhalten
3. In operant conditioning appetitive and aversive events produce different patterns of earning. One can distinguish between four different consequences of responding in operant conditioning: Positive reinforcement: a positive or appetitive event is contingent on responding - e.g., responding might lead to being fed. Negative reinforcement: cessation of negative or aversive events is contingent.
4. Defining Operant Conditioning: Operant conditioning refers to a kind of learning process whereby a response is made more probable or more frequent by reinforcement. It helps in the learning of operant behaviour, the behaviour that is not necessarily associated with a known stimuli. Skinner's Experiment: B.F.Skinner conducted a series of experiments with animals. For conducting the.
5. Operant conditioning with positive reinforcers is used in pretty much any game you can find in some regard. Though what makes them useful inclusions for the game in the long term, is how they grow. The more notorious examples use cheap tricks to trap the player. However, a game that wants to succeed on merit will create a conditioning system that stimulates the player. This will be through.
Operant conditioning in the wild. Several real-world examples of operant conditioning have already been mentioned: rewarding a child for good behavior or punishing a child for bad behavior, slot. Operant Conditioning shows how behavior is influenced by three different types of responses or operant that affects behavior—positive, negative reinforcements, and punishment (McLeod 2007). While chastising my children I never knew that I was practicing what Skinner referred to as Operant Conditioning. For example, when my daughter gets a bad report from school stating she was very. This article explores these two branches of operant conditioning, leaving readers at the end to decide for themselves, which guides works best for them. Before you read on, we thought you might like to download our 3 Positive Psychology Exercises for free. These science-based exercises will explore fundamental aspects of positive psychology including strengths, values, and self-compassion, and.
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Operant Conditioning - Psychologist Worl
Operant conditioning (also called instrumental conditioning) is a type of associative learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment. Operant behavior is said to be voluntary. The responses are under the control of the organism and are operants. How do biological predispositions affect classical conditioning? Describe some of the ways. Here, we combine an operant conditioning task with local field potentials simultaneously recorded in several nuclei involved in reward circuits of wild-type (WT) and PV-deficient (PVKO) mice. Operant conditioning techniques have practical applications in many areas of human life. Parents who understand the basic principles of operant conditioning can reinforce their children's appropriate behaviors and punish inappropriate ones, and they can use generalization and discrimination techniques to teach which behaviors are appropriate in particular situations Operant conditioning has to do with operants: intentional actions that have an effect on the environment around us. Skinner began to identify the processes that made the occurrence of certain operant behaviors more or less probable. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning is based on the work of Thorndike (1905). Edward Thorndike studied learning in animals using a puzzle box to propose the. Operant conditioning can involve positive reinforcement, such as giving a dog a treat or a rat getting food. It can also involve negative reinforcement, such as rewarding a dog for walking close to its owner by relaxing the unpleasant tension on the leash. Sometimes, operant conditioning involves punishment. In all examples of operant conditioning, a target behavior is reinforced using.
Operant Conditioning - an overview ScienceDirect Topic
Operant conditioning has a long history of being mischaracterized, and several responses to these claims have appeared in the literature. Textbooks. A variety of textbooks cover operant principles and applications. The textbooks here focus on general principles. For those new to the field, Johnston 2014 and Baum 2005 provide a good introduction to some of the philosophical and conceptual. In operant conditioning a behavior is encouraged or discouraged by using either punishment or reinforcement. This process ends up establishing a bond between the behavior and its consequences. For instance, a trainer who is trying to teach a dog how to fetch a ball praises the dog as a reward whenever it successfully chases and brings back the ball. The trainer does not praise the dog whenever. Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behaviour in other words it is a type of learning in which an individual's behaviour is modified by its consequences (response the behaviour gets); the behaviour may change in form, frequency, or strength. This term was coined by B.F Skinner who believed that we do have such a thing as a mind, but.
Operant Conditioning Part 2
operant conditioning - Deutsch-Übersetzung - Linguee
There is a key distinction or difference between classical and operant conditioning 6: Classical conditioning associates involuntary behavior with a stimulus while operant conditioning associates voluntary... Classical conditioning is passive in the sense that the learner cannot choose to engage. Operant conditioning involves changing voluntary behaviors. The underlying concept of this theory is that the consequences to our actions control our voluntary behavior. Therefore, if a behavior response is followed by either reinforcement or punishment, we will learn how to behave. A reinforcement following a behavior will cause the behavior to increase, while punishment following a behavior. Operant conditioning. Operant conditioning, on the other hand, differs from classical conditioning, in the sense that trialling the product precedes liking it. Let me explain. The fundamental idea behind operant conditioning is that the marketer applies great effort to encourage potential consumers to actually try their product Operant Conditioning and Gambling Rewards. Such a reward from a stimulus can be taken as a form of operant conditioning, as put forward by behaviorist B F Skinner. (see diagram). By using a simple stimulus coupled with punishment or reward as a consequence could encourage a certain mode of behavior..
Operant Conditioning - YouTube
Operant conditioning was first theorized by psychologist B.F. Skinner in 1938. Skinner was interested in the theories of behaviorist Edward Thorndike, who formulated a Law of Effect. Essentially, if a person gets a positive response from taking an action, he's more likely to do it again than if he gets a negative response. Skinner added the term reinforcement to Thorndike's. Both classical and operant conditioning are forms of associative learning, in which associations are made between events that occur together. Accordingly, what are some examples of operant conditioning? By contrast, a dog might learn that, by sitting and staying, it will earn a treat. If the dog then gets better at sitting and staying in order to receive the treat, then this is an example of. Operant conditioning, also called instrumental conditioning, is a method for modifying behavior (an operant) which utilizes contingencies between a discriminative stimulus, an operant response, and a reinforcer to change the probability of a response occurring again in that situation. This method is based on Skinner's three-term contingency and it differs from the method o Operant conditioning was developed by B.F. Skinner in 1937 and deals with the management of environmental contingencies to change behavior. In other words, behavior is controlled by historical consequential contingencies, particularly reinforcement—a stimulus that increases the probability of performing behaviors, and punishment—a stimulus that decreases such probability Operant conditioning is a learning model through which people are rewarded or punished for their behavior. This means that for every behavior, there is a consequence. The theory attempts to change behavior by using either reinforcement or punishment. After conducting thorough research, Skinner came up with three types of responses that he observed from his experiments (Linskie 2005). Punishers.
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6.837 Introduction to Computer Graphics
Justin Solomon
Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Principal Investigator, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab (CSAIL)
Solomon: “Computer graphics is all about simulating the real world on a piece of silicon.”
From the Catalog
Introduction to computer graphics algorithms, software, and hardware. Topics include ray tracing, the graphics pipeline, transformations, texture mapping, shadows, sampling, global illumination, splines, animation, and color.
The Class
A vast invisible world of algorithms powers the artful computer-generated images we see on screens from televisions to smartphones. 6.387 Introduction to Computer Graphics walks students through behind-the-scenes aspects of digitally created visual content.
Solomon: “We follow the path of visual content as it moves through your computer, all the way from describing a set of shapes to the actual pixels on your computer screen.”
“Computer graphics is a densely mathematical and technical discipline,” says associate professor Justin Solomon, who heads CSAIL’s Geometric Data Processing Group. “We really don’t cover the artistic graphic design aspects in this course. It’s more on the mechanics of how a computer generates visual content.”
Helen Ho ’19, SM ’20, who took the class as an undergraduate and later served as a teaching assistant: “It was really exciting for me to build on all the concepts that I’d learned in the more fundamental computer science classes and visually see the things that I could create.”
The class follows the computer graphics pipeline, breaking it into focused topics:
TOPIC 1: Whether the end product will be a forest of animated trees or a graphical depiction of complex data, the first step in any computer graphics project is to determine exactly what should be shown on the screen. Students learn how computers represent such things as curves, surfaces, and deformations, as well as how to capture the position and lens of a virtual camera (transformations).
TOPIC 2: The next step is to capture how stationary graphics can change over time—in other words, to animate. Lectures include both computer algorithms and the tried-and-true animation techniques used for the Walt Disney Classics of the early 20th century.
TOPIC 3: Students study two different rendering techniques, the computer processes used to transform data into visual content: ray tracing (high quality but long processing time) and rasterization (real-time rendering used to avoid lag time in interactive graphics such as video games).
Ray tracing algorithmically simulates the path of light rays as they encounter objects; it gives visual realism to computer-animated films.
With rasterization, visual content can be generated and displayed at speeds of at least 29.97 frames per second, the speed at which computer screens update visual content to outpace the human visual system.
TOPIC 4: At the end of the semester, the class addresses the different types of hardware used in each of the rendering techniques. Students discuss how advancements in graphics processing hardware, for example, have enabled the speedy processing necessary for artificial intelligence and machine learning.
“This is a discipline where the technology is changing every day in really fundamental ways,” says Solomon. “Everything has become so much more sophisticated. The visual content is absolutely stunning in modern games, movies, and design software. That’s really a byproduct of research in this discipline, advances in the hardware, and efficient computing.”
The Assignments
The assignments track the lectures, leading students through the graphics pipeline.
TOPIC 1: Students create stationary 3-D drawings of visual elements such as curves, textures, and various surfaces.
Christopher “Jack” Blazes ’22: “We went through each of the major steps of creating an image on the screen. I liked that structure a lot.”
TOPIC 2: Students control an articulated 3-D character and generate a posable human figure using algorithms that determine the angles of joints. They output the character for display on screen.
TOPIC 3: Students create a simple cloth simulator, where a sphere is draped in a material that can respond to user interactions.
TOPIC 4: Two separate assignments tackle rendering. First, students use ray tracing to generate high-resolution visual content. Second, they use rasterization to create an interactive 3-D scene with shadows that shift and scenery that changes as characters move around.
The final assignment is an open-ended project that lets the students explore their creativity while implementing the technical skills they’ve learned throughout the semester. Formatted as a competition, the project gives the winner a chance to attend the annual SIGGRAPH conference on computer graphics and interactive techniques held by the Association for Computing Machinery.
Blazes: “Mine was about procedurally generating trees and making them look realistic with some amount of randomness.”
Ho: “Our project extended on techniques we learned in class. We wanted to make a more flexible outer skin that still moved with the underlying skeleton but was less rigid than what we’d created for our assignment. We animated a running man, for example, and could see his stomach jiggle and things like that.”
What Computer Graphics Is (And Isn’t)
Solomon is careful at the beginning of the class to clarify that while computer graphics is an inherently creative discipline, 6.387 is not an animation or graphic design class. Rather, it dives into the heavy mathematical and technical techniques that lie behind the art.
“We see all this content in movies, all these great computer graphics effects,” says Ho. “But I think prior to coming into this class, a lot of students, including me, don’t know what goes into creating these effects. There is actually a significant amount of math, algorithms, and data structures that contribute to the final visual artistry.” The skills learned in class can be used outside of animated movies, of course.
Career opportunities include video game design, computer-aided design, and additive manufacturing. Students can also apply what they’ve learned to write fast, heavily processor-dependent software, such as that used for genomics research and climate modeling.
“We’re surrounded by computer screens all the time,” says Solomon. “And sure, those screens are interfaces to really complicated computational machinery, but they’re also pieces of technology for generating visual content. This area has exploded in terms of its importance and the impressively cool things that people are doing.”
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Peanut Butter Cookie Bites
Servings Prep Time Cook Time
24cookies 20minutes 9minutes
Servings Prep Time
24cookies 20minutes
Cook Time
Servings: cookies
Servings: cookies
2. Beat margarine and peanut butter in a large mixing bowl with an electric mixer until creamy, approximately 1 minute.
3. Add egg substitute, honey and vanilla. Beat on high speed for approximately 1 1/2 minutes.
4. Add SPLENDA® Granulated and beat on medium speed until well blended, approximately 30 seconds.
5. Combine flour, baking soda and salt in a small mixing bowl. Slowly add flour mixture to peanut butter mixture, beating on low speed until well-blended, about 1 1/2 minutes. Mixture may be crumbly.
6. Roll level tbsp of dough into balls and drop onto a lightly oiled or parchment lined sheet pan, two inches apart. Flatten each ball with a fork, pressing a crisscross pattern into each cookie. Bake 7-9 minutes or until light brown around the edges. Cool on wire rack.
Recipe Notes
Amount per serving (1 cookie): Total Calories: 120, Calories from Fat: 70, Total Fat: 8 g, Saturated Fat: 1.5 g, Cholesterol: 0 mg, Sodium: 150 mg, Total Carbohydrates: 10 g, Fibre: 1 g, Sugars: 3 g, Protein: 4 g
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9 Piece Australian Bird Heads and Tails Puzzle
Regular price $23.90
Only -5 items in stock!
9 Piece Australian Birds Heads and Tails Puzzle
Approx. 7.5 cm square
3yrs +
This enchanting 9 piece puzzle features various Australian birds or animals and will keep children engaged as they have to match the heads and tails in all directions!
Edge-matching puzzles are quite challenging compared to standard jigsaw puzzles because there is no overall image to guide you, nor do two pieces “matching” guarantee that they should go together. Only by completing the entire puzzle does this guarantee that each “match” is correct.
This price is inclusive of GST
Educational Applications
Use if a child has an interest especially to settle. Making the area inviting, puzzle table. Use the puzzle to introduce a new topic. Use the puzzle piece to draw a particular animal that the child might like. Discussing all the elements to draw him. Also perfect for learning the correct names of the objects and animals in the puzzle as well as spelling, sounding out words and letters.
Group Setting
Formal group times encourage children to discuss each puzzle part use open ended questions and foster children's learning and understandings. Use to introduce new topics in groups. Further extend on children's interest by getting them to research each animal or object on the puzzle to see if they can come up with a fact.
Learning Opportunities
Learning through play, identify and match colours and shapes, sort and problem solve, sequence, use their memories, concentrate and encourages turn taking skills. Hand eye coordination. An understanding of the world around them. Promotes research and discovery, socials skills through completing puzzles with peers.
This puzzle comes in its own hessian drawstring bag.
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P A L P A 6
2020 Oil, Mica Pigment on Canvas (40 x 60" stretch-framed) at $5600.
Signed, titled, dated on back and initialed on front.
palpa 6.jpg
Archaeological examinations reveal the Palpa lines are older than the Nazca lines and were most likely created by the Paracas culture, an Andean society that existed about 800 BCE and 100 BCE, in what today is the Ica Region of Peru. The purpose of the lines and geoglyphs is unknown. There are as many as 600 geoglyphs of giant size and they represent a series of human and animal zoomorphic figures, including the Familia Real (Royal Family), a group of eight figures on a hillside.
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Tuesday , 2 November 2021
Home » Health » How Athletes Can Improve Their Endurance
How Athletes Can Improve Their Endurance
The endurance of any athlete is crucial to their success in the sport. After all, if you can’t play or compete for an extended period of time, what’s the point? Fortunately, there are plenty of ways that athletes can increase their endurance, including some tips that are specific to certain sports. These four tips will help any athlete improve their endurance in no time.
How Athletes Can Improve Their Endurance
Cross Train
Exercise is about more than just building muscle. To improve your endurance, incorporate cross-training into your exercise routine. Cross-training can refer to any other type of physical activity outside of running, biking, etc., but it typically refers to weight training or using an elliptical machine or stair climber.
You don’t need to work out at a gym for cross-training exercises; they can be done anywhere. For example, if you’re lifting weights for strength training, try doing some cardio afterward by taking a brisk walk around your neighborhood.
Listen to Music During Workouts
Listening to music during workouts can help you stay motivated and keep your energy levels high. Workout songs come in all genres, from rock to hip-hop. Find a playlist that suits your personality and work out with your favorite pair of headphones at the gym or on your jog around the neighborhood.
Warm Up Before Exercise
Experts agree that it’s important to warm up before exercise. This increases blood flow to your muscles, allowing them to perform better. Because it can take up to 30 minutes for your body temperature to increase after sitting or lying down, you should spend five minutes warming up before exercising. If you are doing high-intensity workouts, try jumping rope or jogging in place beforehand. If you need advice on which warm-ups are right for you, try consulting professionals like those at Plan 7 Coaching.
Get Enough Sleep
Getting enough sleep is crucial for building endurance. During a workout, your body actually goes through three different phases of recovery. In order to get maximum recovery, you need to make sure your body can get through all three phases while you’re sleeping. The first phase is when your body uses creatine phosphate—which is stored in your muscles—to fuel an intense workout. In order to replenish that creatine phosphate, you need at least five hours of sleep each night.
If your endurance level isn’t where you want it to be, use these tips to take it to the next level. To improve your endurance, work on these four different areas over time until you feel more comfortable pushing yourself in all aspects of your training.
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Skip to Content
MIT News magazine
Lasers on Chips
First germanium laser could pave the way to laser-powered computing
Using light to move data would make computers much more efficient than they are today, but that requires a practical way to add optical components to silicon chips. MIT researchers have taken a step toward that goal by demonstrating the first germanium laser that can emit light at wavelengths suitable for digital communication. Unlike the materials used in standard lasers, germanium is easy to incorporate into the chip-making process: most manufacturers are already adding it to their silicon chips because it makes them faster.
Chip Shot New germanium lasers can be built directly into silicon chips like these.
The new device is the first germanium laser to operate at room temperature; previous examples, which emitted radiation in the terahertz frequencies, had to be cooled to near absolute zero. It also demonstrates that a class of materials called indirect-band-gap semiconductors can yield practical lasers.
In a semiconductor crystal, adding energy to an electron will knock it out of its usual state and into the so-called conduction band, where it can move freely around the crystal. Such an electron can be in one of two states, which determine what happens to what’s left of its extra energy when it eventually falls out of the conduction band. If it’s in the first state, it releases that energy as a photon. In the second state, it releases it as heat.
In direct-band-gap materials, the first state is a lower energy state than the second; in indirect-band-gap materials like germanium, it’s the other way around. An excited electron will naturally occupy the lowest energy state it can find. So in direct-band-gap materials, those electrons tend to go into the photon-emitting state, and in indirect-band-gap materials, they don’t.
By adding phosphorus atoms to germanium, a team of researchers in the lab of materials science professor Lionel Kimerling ‘65, PhD ‘69, led by principal research associate Jurgen Michel and including postdoc Jifeng Liu, PhD ‘07, coaxed excited germanium electrons into the photon-emitting state. Whereas a phosphorus atom has five outer electrons, Kimerling explains, “germanium has only four outer electrons, so each phosphorus gives us an extra electron.” The extra electron fills up the lower energy state in the conduction band, effectively causing excited germanium electrons to spill over into the higher energy state. Previously, according to Michel, other scientists had thought “that indirect-band-gap semiconductors will never lase”–that is, produce a coherent beam of light.
The researchers’ theoretical work suggests that phosphorus doping works best at 1020 atoms per cubic centimeter of germanium, Kimerling says. So far, they have developed a technique that can add 1019 phosphorous atoms to each cubic centimeter of germanium, “and we already begin to see lasing,” he says.
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Tudor Primary School
Tudor Primary School
English and Maths answers for 23.3.20
Here are the answers from your English and maths tasks for Monday 23rd of March.
Scroll down to find the correct age that matches your task books (e.g. 8-9 year 4 English).
Take your time to check your answers. If you made any marvellous mistakes, where do you think you went wrong? What would you do differently. Talk this through with an adult if you're unsure.
Don't forget to keep in touch with us and ask if you can't remember your logins.
Keep safe and keep up the hard work!
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Photon Energy Unit Converter - CosmoWerx
$0.99 £0.59 0.79€
The Photon Energy Unit Converter gives the user a fast and simple way to convert between separate energy units that defines the energy of photons, mass particles and waves. The eight units implemented so far are Joule (energy), erg (energy), electronVolt (energy), Calorie (energy), gram (mass), meter (wavelength), Hertz (frequency) and Kelvin (temperature) as described below:
Joule : Unit of energy in the International System (SI) of Units
erg : Unit of energy in the centimeter-gram-second (CGS) system of units
1 erg = 1e-07 J
electronVolt : Unit of energy equal to the amount of kinetic energy gained by a single unbound electron when it accelerates through an electric potential difference of one volt.
1 eV = 1.602e-19 J.
meter : f(λ) = hc/λ
λ = wavelength in meter
h = Planck constant = 6.626e-34 Js
c = velocity of light in vacuum = 299 792 458 m/s
Hertz : f(ν) = hν
ν = frequency in Hertz
: f(T) = kT
T = Temperature in Kelvin
k = Boltzmann constant = 1.3806504e-23 J/K
kT is an energy-like quantity of central importance in various areas of physics.
gram : E(m) = mc2
m = mass in gram
Calorie : Unit of energy needed to increase the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1° C.
1 Cal = 4184 J
Icon Image: nuttakit /
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The National Plants of the United Kingdom
As befits a nation that is divided into several smaller countries, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has a varying range of national flowers. The Tudor rose, also known as an English rose, is a traditional emblem of England and takes its name and origins from the Tudor dynasty, which ruled England and Wales between 1485 and 1603. The shamrock, a three-leafed old white clover, is an unofficial symbol of Northern Ireland. It is said to
bring good luck and is commonly used as a badge for
sports teams, state organisations, and Irish troops abroad. The thistle, a prickly-leaved purple flower, is the national flower of Scotland and is featured in many Scottish symbols and logos. Thistle was first used in the 15th century as a symbol of defense. The yellow daffodil serves as the national flower of Wales where it is traditional to wear a daffodil when celebrating Saint David, the patron saint of Wales, on the first March each year.
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Medium Voltage Switchgear Design
In factory, we often encounter in-house power systems with a voltage of 6 kV, which usually supply plant transformers and machines such as fans, pumps, conveyors, mills and others.
We have designed many switchgears for our industry in the voltage range from 6 kV to 20 kV with different levels of protection automation, from simple to very complex systems. We also specialize in medium voltage drive systems by using current converters that can significantly reduce energy consumption and can work with existing motors and cables without having to replace them.
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What Causes Weak Wifi Signals
Weak wifi signals happen quite naturally as you move further away from the antenna generating the signal. But there other effects that play there role in creating weak radio signals.
Take a look here at a typical high gain directional Yagi Antenna used to counter the effects of weak wifi signals
What Causes Weak Wifi Signals overcome with Yaggi Antenna
Weak Wifi signals – By Absorbtion
It can be expected that walls and other obstacles will absorb some signal energy and the nature of the materials used in the construction of walls can severely influence the signal getting through. Modern building materials often include metallic foil skins in them for energy saving and damp proofing but these metallic skins are a real block to Wifi signals.
Weak Wifi signals – By Reflection
In addition weak wifi signals at distance, reflections can cause signal loss through interference. Signals can take multiple paths to reach the receiving antenna and this can lead to signal fading as these various paths result combine out of phase at the receiver.
Weak Wifi signals – By Weather
The weather effects signal propagation too. All radio waves to some extent are affected by moisture in the atmosphere which causes scattering of the radio waves especially over greater distances. So very wet cloudy, foggy and rainy days will make the signal worse.
Weak Wifi signals – By Interference
Another cause of signal degradation is interference from adjacent channels in the wireless bands you signal is occupying. This can result in slowed connection and data rates. This may be a more significant problem in built up urban areas with many wifi signals on crowded and overlapping channels.
Weak Wifi signals – By Defraction
Line of sight for point to point antenna connections without obstruction is preferred with a already weak wifi signal. But not always possible especially with trees, hills, buildings etc. But signals will also diffract round obstacles and may have many reflections particularly in indoor spaces. In many ways these indoor effects give access to wifi signals in many internal spaces not directly in line of sight of antennas. And signals can pass through walls but signal the loss depends on the wall thickness and composition of the materials used to makw it.
Weak Wifi signals – By Natural Radiation
All these affects are over and above weak wifi signals caused by the basic nature in the way radio waves get weaker in free space where no obstacles are assumed to block the signal. This is the fundamental way signals get weaker as they move further away from their source. For every doubling of the distance the signal travel Its signal strength is reduced by three quarters! the effect is know as the free space loss.
Free Space Loss
This is the common phenomena for radio waves and electromagnetic waves in general described above where weak wifi signals occur with increased distance. There are two principle effects that influence this loss when we are considering Wifi Antennas.
First Loss Effect – Radiation Law
Electromagnetic waves propagate energy according to the inverse square law. Which means the energy per unit area away from the transmitting source is inversely proportional to the square of the distance (d) between the source and the observer. So the power per unit area at point d (Pd) away from the source producing power (Ps) is …
Equation 1: Pd = Ps x (1/4πd^2)
Second Loss Effect – Antenna Apature
Now the ability of an antenna to absorb this radiated energy depends on its apature which also depends on the wavelength of the radiation. so that the effective power received(Pr) is proportional to the square of wavelength used and the incident power (Pd) at the antenna thus…
Equation 2: Pr = Pd x (Wavelength^2/4π)
The free space loss FSP equation is the ratio of transmitted power to received power so…
Equation 3:FSP = Ps/Pr
The free space loss FSPL = Ps/Pr can be computed by combining Equation 1 with equation 2 and we get…
Equation 4:FSPL = (4πd/wavelength)^2
Equation 5:FSPL = (4πdf/c)^2
• f is frequency in herts
• c is speed of light (3 x 10^8 m/s)
• d is distance meters
Note that the appature effect in this equation introduces the frequency (f) element in the equation when we substitute for wavelength. This gives people the impression that free space path loss is dependent on frequency. This is an error as no such mechanism exists in nature.
The loss due to propagation between the transmitting and receiving antennas is called the path loss and can be written in dimensionless form by normalising the distance to the wavelength:
Loss (dB) = 20×log(4×π×distance/wavelength) (where distance and wavelength are in the same units)
When substituted into the link free space loss equation 5 above, the result is the logarithmic form of the Friis transmission equation (this will be covered in a separate page – coming soon).
In some cases it is convenient to consider the signal loss due to distance and wavelength separately, but in that case it is important to notice which units are being used, as each choice involves a differing constant offset. Here are some useful examples…
• Lfs (dB) = 32.45 dB + 20×log(f) + 20×log (d): frequency(f) in MHz, distance(d) in Kms
• Lfs (dB) = 27.55 dB + 20×log(f) + 20×log (d): frequency(f) in MHz, distance(d) in meters
• Lfs (dB) = 36.6 dB + 20×log(f) + 20×log (d) : frequency(f) in MHz, distance(d) in miles
These alternative forms can be derived by substituting wavelength with the ratio of propagation velocity (c the speed of light, approximately 3×10^8 m/s) divided by frequency, and by inserting the proper conversion factors between km or miles and meters, and between MHz and (1/sec).
Go here to see more details and to use our Wifi free space loss calculator which does all the maths under the covers, making it easy do do practical calculations and overcome the effects of weak wifi signals. Enjoy!
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Shaman's Magic Container
Ngaju Dayak, Borneo, Indonesia, Early 20th C. PROVENANCE: Philip Goldman Collection, London.
PUBLISHED: "Divine Gifts", pg. 28.
Shamanism is a vital part of Indonesian society, and serves a variety of different roles. From traditional healers to spirit mediums to masters of black magic the shaman was the very epitome of Indonesian belief systems. Magic containers, such as this one from Ngaju Dayak, were very common and often contained a variety of different magical substances. This particular container is made of bamboo, with a wooden stopper. The container is simple with braided decoration at each end. The stopper is in the form of the head of Aso; a mythological dragon and protective figure in Dayak Culture. There is some damage to the bamboo container.
Overall Height: 11.25 in. Height of just the wood stopper: 2.75 in.
IN 10-1-13 / SOLD
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2 Samuel 12:15-16
12:15 Then Nathan went to his home. The Lord struck the child that Uriah’s wife had borne to David, and the child became very ill. 12:16 Then David prayed to God for the child and fasted. He would even go and spend the night lying on the ground.
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A nucleosynthetic origin for the Earth’s anomalous 142Nd composition
C. Burkhardt, L. E. Borg, G. A. Brennecka, Q. R. Shollenberger, N. Dauphas, T. Kleine
Nature 537, 394–398 (14 September 2016) | doi:10.1038/nature18956
“A long-standing paradigm assumes that the chemical and isotopic compositions of many elements in the bulk silicate Earth are the same as in chondrites1, 2, 3, 4. However, the accessible Earth has a greater 142Nd/144Nd ratio than do chondrites. Because 142Nd is the decay product of the now-extinct 146Sm (which has a half-life of 103 million years5), this 142Nd difference seems to require a higher-than-chondritic Sm/Nd ratio for the accessible Earth. This must have been acquired during global silicate differentiation within the first 30 million years of Solar System formation6 and implies the formation of a complementary 142Nd-depleted reservoir that either is hidden in the deep Earth6, or lost to space by impact erosion3, 7. Whether this complementary reservoir existed, and whether or not it has been lost from Earth, is a matter of debate3, 8, 9, and has implications for determining the bulk composition of Earth, its heat content and structure, as well as for constraining the modes and timescales of its geodynamical evolution3, 7, 9, 10. Here we show that, compared with chondrites, Earth’s precursor bodies were enriched in neodymium that was produced by the slow neutron capture process (s-process) of nucleosynthesis. This s-process excess leads to higher 142Nd/144Nd ratios; after correction for this effect, the 142Nd/144Nd ratios of chondrites and the accessible Earth are indistinguishable within five parts per million. The 142Nd offset between the accessible silicate Earth and chondrites therefore reflects a higher proportion of s-process neodymium in the Earth, and not early differentiation processes. As such, our results obviate the need for hidden-reservoir or super-chondritic Earth models and imply a chondritic Sm/Nd ratio for the bulk Earth. Although chondrites formed at greater heliocentric distances and contain a different mix of presolar components than Earth, they nevertheless are suitable proxies for Earth’s bulk chemical composition.”
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New Farming Laws Cause Violent Protests In New Delhi
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government introduced new farming laws in September, causing widespread disagreement and leading to violent protests in the country’s capital. These new laws have led to two months of largely calm demonstrations involving farmers from India’s agriculturally-based northern states, according to the Associated Press. A protest in late January, meant to peacefully persuade the government to repeal its new policies, turned violent, killing at least one civilian and wounding dozens of overwhelmed police officers.
Recent protests did not follow agreed-upon time and route guidelines, claims the Wall Street Journal. Police used batons on protestors, overturned tractors, and the government shut down the internet in the Delhi region. Protestors remain camped outside New Delhi and promise future protests in the city, says The New York Times.
Punjab and Haryana are the two largest agriculturally-based regions – and most dependent on government assistance programs – in the country. Farmers in these regions are opposing Parliament-passed laws that some say will benefit corporate farms and cause smaller, privately owned farms to lose already-declining revenue. Most small farms in India own less than one hectare of land, and some farmers make less than $300 USD each year, says the Associated Press. Modi claims these new farming laws will raise farmers’ incomes, reduce crop prices for customers, and encourage investment in the agricultural industry, says the Wall Street Journal. The government insists these reforms will offer greater versatility in who farmers can sell their crops to, something that critics claim will mean an unwanted increase in competition.
This issue is intensified by ethnic and religious tensions around the country as well. Most of the farmers in these two regions are a part of the Sikh religion, a minority group in the country. When protests first erupted, Modi attempted to cite the reason behind these protests as religious based, which further angered farmers and encouraged others to join the movement. While current motivations for these protests are mostly economic based, a greater emphasis on this religious component could exacerbate the situation.
Protesting farmers want a complete repeal of the new laws. They are demanding legislation that ensures set prices for certain crops to prevent shortages – a system introduced in the 1960s, claims the Associated Press. Also, farmers want assurance they will be offered fair crop prices from corporations as the country’s agricultural sector moves from farmers only selling to government-run markets.
The government is trying to quell protestors by offering to amend certain sections of the reforms and to hold off on implementation of these new laws for 18 months. India’s Supreme Court recently postponed the implementation of these reforms, but protestors remain unfazed as they demand a complete repeal, claims The New York Times. Some agriculture scholars believe farming reforms are necessary, but they say Modi’s approach is not the correct way to resolve these issues, claims the Associated Press. However, Mihir Sharma, with Observer Research Foundation, a Delhi-based think tank, believes Modi should continue with this new legislation despite protests.
Aggravating Indian farmers offers challenges to the future of the government as farmers are a significant voting group in the country, and leaders understand the need to refrain from angering them. In fact, Modi’s political party, Bharatiya Janata, relies heavily on farmers’ support. These recent protests are the largest the country has seen under Modi’s leadership, and these current tensions have already caused Modi to lose some followers.
The new laws come at a time when the economy is struggling, social tensions are high, other new laws are causing controversy, and COVID-19 is still wreaking havoc in the country. Right now, this situation should be remedied by Modi’s government and does not require an international response. However, if the Indian government is unable to appease protestors and tensions intensify, intervention from outside actors may be necessary. Modi needs to compromise with farmers on new farming laws, offer an extension of Parliamentary discussion on these reforms, and ensure all parties involved understand the importance and benefits of new farming legislation when such reforms are passed.
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Spark Optoelectronics: The Three Wrong Assumptions Consumers Make When Buying LED Lights
At present, LED illumination lamps and lanterns are more and more popular and pervasive with the explosive growth of LED industry output value. Moreover, people have fallen in love with LED lights and can’t leave them in daily life and work.
However, because of poor LED technology standard, excess production capacity and cutthroat competition between enterprises, many of LED lighting products aren’t good in quality. Also, people know no much knowledge about LED lights when choosing them.
Keep it in mind with the advices of the following three wrong assumptions:
Assumption One: Have excessive expectations to actual service life of LED lights
Generally, LED manufacturer anticipate LED service time up to 100,000 hours MTBF (Mean time between failures-standard that traditional lamps manufacturers use for measuring lifespans of light source). But the LED luminous flux lumens also decrease over time like more all of basic light source. Therefore MTBF isn’t the unique considering factor to confirm the service life of LED even through the time of LED lighting is very long. The attenuation of LED lumens is affected by some environmental conditions, such as temperature, humidity and ventilation, also including control, thermal management, current level and other electric design factors.
So with the light source, brightness of light has a gradually attenuation and dimming process and this process is called lumen decrease.
When you buy LED lamps and lanterns, what you focus on is the speed of lumen decrease but not service life. Do not have excessive expectations to actual useful life.
Assumption Two: Consider actual beam angle as effective angle
The beam angle of LED includes effective angle and actual beam angle. The included angle between direction of which luminous intensity values are half of axial intensity values and direction of lighting optic axis is named effective angle. The viewing angle of double half-value angle is named actual beam angle. The angle which is beyond half of axial direction intensity isn’t calculated in effective angle because of too weak light ray.
When you buy LED products or calculate the amount of LED lighting products in project, you should focus on the actual beam angle and effective angle is only looked as reference.
Assumption Three: The more power the brighter the LED
The brightness of LED is measured with luminous intensity that is a photometric quantity measured in lumens per steradian (lm/sr), or candela (cd/mcd). Generally, light source can emit different luminous flux to different directions and the visible light radiation intensity which emits from unit solid angle in specific direction is light intensity or axial direction brightness for short.
In electric power, the faster current is, the higher electric power is. However, about LED power, it is not that the more power is, the higher brightness is.
For example, one lamp in two modes from Spark, first mode-axial direction brightness 1200mcd, current 40ma, power 0.4w; second mode-axial direction brightness 1200mcd, current 18ma, power 0.24w. From this figures comparison, we can know that the power is different in same brightness. In other words, the saying that the more power is, the higher brightness is is wrong.
When we choose LED lamps and lanterns, we should pay attention to axial direction brightness or luminous intensity not power.
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• Publications
• Influence
This new evidence indicates that large source areas of aeolian dust and energetic winter monsoon winds to transport the material must have existed in the interior of Asia by the early Miocene epoch, at least 14 million years earlier than previously thought. Expand
The Anthropogenic Greenhouse Era Began Thousands of Years Ago
The anthropogenic era is generally thought to have begun 150 to 200 years ago, when the industrial revolution began producing CO2 andCH4 at rates sufficient to alter their compositions in theExpand
Pleistocene evolution: Northern hemisphere ice sheets and North Atlantic Ocean
We analyze five high-resolution time series spanning the last 1.65 m.y.: benthic foraminiferal δ18O and δ13O, percent CaCO3, and estimated sea surface temperature (SST) at North Atlantic Deep SeaExpand
Tectonic forcing of late Cenozoic climate
High-resolution records of δ18O, δ13O, and percent CaCO3 from the late Pliocene North Atlantic (Deep Sea Drilling Project sites 607 and 609) are presented and oxygen isotope stages are formalizedExpand
Holocene carbon emissions as a result of anthropogenic land cover change
Forcing of late Cenozoic northern hemisphere climate by plateau uplift in southern Asia and the American west
Geologic evidence indicates that net vertical uplift occurred on a large (kilometer) scale and at accelerating rates during the middle and late Cenozoic in plateaus of southern Asia and the AmericanExpand
Influence of late Cenozoic mountain building on ocean geochemical cycles
Late Quaternary deposition of ice-rafted sand in the subpolar North Atlantic (lat 40° to 65°N)
A major change in the North Atlantic pattern of ice-rafting deposition, during the last interglacial-glacial cycle, occurred approximately 75,000 B.P. Prior to this time, deposition for a period ofExpand
Evolution of Atlantic―Pacific δ13C gradients over the last 2.5 m.y.
The evolution of interocean carbon isotopic gradients over the last 2.5 m.y. is examined using high-resolution δ13C records from deep sea cores in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Over much of theExpand
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Illustration by Gleren Meneghin
In the early 20th century, German psychologists Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Köhler explored how people visually perceive the world. Based on the results of their experiments, they’ve defined the gestalt principles—a set of rules that explains how people interpret the complex world around them. Proximity is one of the gestalt principles. Modern graphic and user interface design relies heavily on this principle.
This article will explore proximity in design, and take an in-depth look at how to apply this principle in visual design.
What is proximity in design?
How do people decide whether certain elements are part of a larger group or not? They look at objects, and if objects are located close to one another, they see them as a unit. Take a look at the image below. You will likely see two groups of elements rather than eighteen individual objects. All objects are identical, and the only thing differentiating them is the white space that separates them.
White space separates circles into two individual groups.
White space separates circles into two individual groups. Image credit Nick Babich.
People follow the same approach when they interact with both physical and digital products. For example, when we examine a web page or mobile screen, we usually see it as a composition of objects rather than individual objects. This perception offers user interface (UI) designers an excellent opportunity—as it’s possible to group objects together that share similar functionality or properties.
How would you use proximity in design?
The proximity principle helps designers achieve two major goals, which include making layouts appear less crowded and grouping together related elements.
Filling out an entire web page with content and functional elements is one of the common mistakes among designers. It’s tempting to provide as much information as possible and fill up every portion of a layout with text and images. But it’s important to understand that users have a limited attention span, and by adding too much content and functional elements, you overwhelm users with too many details. As a result, it becomes harder for them to understand what’s important and what’s not, and it prevents users from digesting information properly. Careful application of proximity in design helps to reduce visual clutter and improve comprehension.
Proximity also makes the page more organized. Designers use the principle of proximity to give users visual cues. By grouping elements together, designers send users a clear signal that those elements are related. Negative space, or space around and between elements, is the tool that designers can use for that. Adding or subtracting negative space between elements can either unite or separate them.
Here are four practical examples of proximity in design:
1. Better form design
Filling out forms is one of the least enjoyable parts of user interactions. Yet, forms are an essential part of almost any product experience. Be it a mobile or web design, it’s vital to design forms in a way that allows users to fill out all data effortlessly. There are three major areas where the principle of proximity can help create a better experience for users: field labels, input fields, and input format.
Field labels and their placement plays a tremendous role in how easily users can scan the form. We know that top-aligned labels tend to reduce form completion time because the user’s eye moves in one direction (from top to bottom). But by placing labels near corresponding form fields, you make it much easier for users to scan the form. It is especially important for longer forms (forms with seven or more fields) because when relationships between labels and form fields are not apparent, users have to spend extra time figuring out what label belongs to which field.
Two variations of form fills that features labels closer and farther apart from relevant fields.
By placing labels closer to relevant fields, it’s possible to make a form easily scannable and increase the chances of successful completion. Image credit Nick Babich.
Long forms with many fields may appear difficult to fill out. A general rule of thumb is to eliminate all optional fields and only ask users to provide information you need to use. But what should you do when a form requires multiple input fields? The answer is simple: you can change the user perception of the form using the principle of proximity.
By grouping related fields together, you can help users understand why they need to fill in this information. Take a look at the example below. Both forms have the same number of fields, but the fields in the right form are categorized into three groups. The amount of user input is the same in both examples, but the impression on users is entirely different.
Two different online forms, one of which features input fields that are grouped together by category.
By grouping relevant input fields, you make the process of data input easier. Image credit Nick Babich.
Finally, it’s possible to use proximity in design to format data input. You can use chunking for multiple types of data. For example, when you ask users to provide their phone number, it’s much easier to present the number in chunks because it will make it easier for them to scan and validate the input data. Compare “+18005550123” with “+1 (800) 555-0123.” The data chunking used in the second example is easier to scan, validate, and recall in the future.
2. Improve content comprehension
Content is king. For many products, content is the reason why people start using them in the first place. Good readability (the ease with which a reader can understand a written text) and legibility (the ease with which a reader can decode symbols) are essential properties of product design. Many factors can contribute to readability and legibility, including font family, font size, and text contrast. But the way you structure content on a page also directly impacts content legibility and readability.
Readability can suffer when a text is presented without any formatting. By presenting content in short, easily scannable blocks—grouping sentences in paragraphs or sections and separating them with a bit of whitespace—you help users scan and read the text.
Two paragraphs, one of which features text in multiple short paragraphs to help with readability.
Examples of proximity in design: By breaking a text into paragraphs, you make it much easier for users to scan and read it. Image credit Nick Babich.
3. Emphasize certain elements
Emphasis is one of the most important principles of user experience (UX) design. Giving priority to specific elements or content on a page is one of the most common tasks for designers. While designers can use many different techniques to achieve good results—such as making an element larger or adding more contrast—it’s possible to achieve the same results without any alteration of the original element. Instead, you can play with the amount of negative space around the element.
There’s a direct connection between negative space and user attention. The more negative space you add around an element, the more noticeable it becomes for the viewer. This happens naturally—as the user’s attention will be guided towards an element with more negative space simply because there’s nothing else in that area drawing their attention.
The Google logo with its internet search bar underneath it.
When visitors come to the Google Search homepage, the first thing they notice is a Google logo and search field underneath it. Image credit Google.
It’s worth mentioning that it might be hard to know which element attracts the most attention on a web page. So it’s recommended to use web design software to create a prototype of your design and validate it with the five-second test. Show your prototype to people who represent your target audience for five seconds, and then ask them, “What are the main elements you can recall?” If they name an element (or elements) that you want them to see, then you’re all good.
4. Guide the viewer’s eye through content
The principle of proximity can help you create a flow that will guide the viewer’s eye from one point to another. By adjusting white space, you can easily create focal points or areas that naturally attract the user’s attention. Creating focal points starts with creating a web design grid that will allow you to place design elements (such as text, images, or functional controls) consistently within the layout. After you have a grid, you need to arrange elements to guide users through key content sections. As you can see below, this is exactly what Evernote does by pairing text blocks with illustrations. As a result, the viewer’s eye follows a zig-zag path as they scroll through this page.
Evernote using a zig-zag design pattern to direct users' attention.
Evernote uses a zig-zag pattern to direct users’ attention. Image credit Evernote.
Proximity and responsive design
Focusing on the relative distance between UI elements is important when you design for various screens and resolutions. Design that looks good on large desktop screens might not look as good on tiny mobile screens. When your design is scaled down to accommodate smaller screens, the spacing between elements can be minimized, which might destroy UI elements’ intended relationships. It’s essential to test your design on various screens and resolutions to see whether your design scales well. It’s possible to use Google Chrome Dev tools to simulate mobile devices.
The Google Search page on the iPhone X screen.
Showing how Google Search page will look on the iPhone X screen. Image credit Nick Babich.
Leverage the principle of proximity in your designs
The main purpose of using proximity in design is to organize information and create a visual hierarchy that aids in better usability of your product. Designers should leverage proximity to create meaningful groups so that users can easily understand their interface. And the easier it will be for people to use your product, the more enjoyable experience they will have.
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Druid Marketing
I just heard a metroPCS ad on the radio – they were complaining about the existence of “nighttime minutes” etc:
BOY: “What’s next, you get 20,000 Equinox Minutes? you can only use them once a year when the sun is at its peak.”
Actually, phone dork, that would be Summer Solstice Minutes. The longest day of the year is called the Summer Solstice. The shortest day is the Winter Solstice.
There are two Equinoxes (equinocies? equinoxen?)- a Fall Equinox and a Spring Equinox. equi- like “equal” or “equivalent.” It’s when the day is as long as the night. You might say it’s equal parts light and dark.
Given my compulsive fact-checking, it is hard for me to imagine writing an ad like this and never questioning its accuracy.
You know who would have caught this? Druid ad agencies. Or a druid/wiccan marketing department. Now there’s another example of workplace cultural diversity adding to the value of the company!
One thought on “Druid Marketing
1. Plural of “equinox” would be equinoces.
Latin nouns ending in x go plural with -ces. Best-known-in English example would be “matrix.”
Dad – from whom, for better or worse, you get your “rigorous” nature 🙂
Leave a Reply
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.: Europe / Italy / Savona
Sea Temperature in Savona 26.1°C
Water temperature and other travel information for Savona, Italy.
Last week
Water temperatures at location Savona for the period from to .
Water temperature in Savona on Tuesday 30th November is 26.1 degrees celsius which is 169th warmest location in Italy. The warmest water in Italy is in Muggia where sea surface has 28.8°C. This means water is 2.8 degrees colder than in Muggia.
Among 781 towns in continent Europe, Savona has 362th warmest water. The warmest in continent is Koper (Slovenia) with 28.9 degrees celsius.
36 percentage of locations in the world has higher temperature at the moment.
In the last month highest measured temperature in Savona was 26.1°C and the lowest temperature was 17.6°C. Average temperature in the last month was 21.7°C.
In longer period of time the highest measured temperature was 27°C and the lowest measured temperature was 11.1°C.
Sea temperatures in radius of
Webcams in radius of
Panoramas in radius of
Vlogs in radius of
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The Cell Ontology is designed as a structured controlled vocabulary for cell types. The ontology was constructed for use by the model organism and other bioinformatics databases, incorporating cell types from prokaryotes to mammals, and includes plants and fungi.
Preferred Prefix
Homepage OBO OWL
Pattern for Local Unique Identifiers
Local identifiers in Cell Ontology should match this regular expression:
Example Local Unique Identifier
0000062 Resolve
Pattern for CURIES
Compact URIs (CURIEs) constructed from Cell Ontology should match this regular expression:
Example CURIE
MIRIAM Namespace Embedded in LUI
The legacy MIRIAM standard for generating CURIEs with this resource includes the namespaceEmbeddedInLUI as true. The actual part that gets prefixed before the local unique identifier regex, otherwise known as the banana, is CL:. Therefore, you might see local unique identifiers written out as CURIEs.
The metaregistry provides mappings between the Bioregistry and other registries. There are 9 mappings to external registries for cl.
Registry Name Metaprefix External Prefix
BioPortal Prefixes bioportal CL
Gene Ontology Registry go CL miriam cl
Name-to-Thing n2t cl
OBO Foundry obofoundry CL
Ontology Lookup Service ols cl
OntoBee ontobee CL
Prefix Commons prefixcommons CL
Wikidata Property wikidata P7963
Providers are various services that resolve CURIEs to URLs. The example CURIE cl:0000062 is used to demonstrate the provides available for cl. Generation of OLS and BioPortal URLs requires additional programmatic logic beyond string formatting.
Name Metaprefix URI
Cell Ontology cl
Bioregistry bioregistry miriam
OBO Foundry obofoundry
Ontology Lookup Service ols
Name-to-Thing n2t
BioPortal Prefixes bioportal
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Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, a distinguished scientific source, has published a report describing the emotional responses of the Czech population to the COVID-19 outbreak and the pessimistic communication tone used by the Czech mass media.
“The four most frequent categories of fear were determined as follows: fear of the negative impact on household finances, fear of the negative impact on the household finances of significant others, fear of the unavailability of health care, and fear of an insufficient food supply,” says Radek Trnka, PhD, a senior researcher at the Olomouc University Social Health Institute. Trnka and Lorencova synthesized all available data on emotional reactions to the COVID-19 outbreak into a comprehensive picture of ongoing public emotional response to the crisis.
“One of the most interesting findings was that women indicated fear more often than men, while men were rather inclined to experience anger. Interestingly, a large proportion of the sample, 39% of all participants, did not show any substantial psychological trauma and reported that they felt relatively fine,” says Lorencova.
This study, published in the journal Psychological Trauma, clearly shows that the communication used by the Czech mass media during the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic was a representative example of a traumatizing form of media communication during an epidemic. Trnka claims: “Well, the media can play a crucial role for enhancing well-being in a population during times of unprecedented crises like the COVID-19 pandemic; however, when they choose a proper and ethical form of communication”.
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Skip to main content
🔐 Verify a Claim
In this section, you'll play the role of a verifier:
• You'll take an Credential object given to you by a claimer;
• You'll verify that its data is correct;
• You'll verify that the attestation is valid, i.e. its hash exists on-chain and the attestation has not been revoked.
A Credential object is also called an Attested Claim: It is what claimers present to verifiers upon request.
Get an Credential object
You can either:
• Take the Credential object you've generated in the previous step as an attester;
• Or if you're in a workshop, ask another participant to send you their Credential object.
In the following, we'll refer to it as <credentialJSONString>.
Create a file
Create a new file verification.js.
All of the code for this step needs to go into this file.
Code: verify
Paste the following code in verification.js:
import * as Kilt from '@kiltprotocol/sdk-js'
export async function main(credential: Kilt.Credential) {
// The `verify()` method does two things:
// 1. verifies that the data is valid for the given CTYPE
// 2. verifies that the attestation hash is present on the Kilt blockchain and that the attestation has not been revoked
const isValid = await credential.verify()
console.log('Is the credential valid?', isValid)
// disconnect from the chain
await Kilt.disconnect()
console.log('Disconnected from KILT testnet')
Run the code by running this command in your terminal, still within your kilt-rocks directory:
node verification.js
In your logs, you should see chain queries and successful verification (isValid: true).
That's it! You've successfully verified a claim as a verifier.
Or... did you? 😈
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Real Numbers: Everything Except Imaginary
Real Numbers: Everything Except Imaginary
Sets of Numbers
Imaginary (or Complex) Numbers: Has i (which = ) in it
Real Numbers: Everything except imaginary
Irrational Numbers: Non-terminating, non-repeating decimals like , e, or
Rational Numbers: Can be written as a fraction
Integers: All whole numbers (including zero and negatives)
Natural Numbers: Positive whole numbers
sets jpg
Interval Notation
An interval is a piece of the number line (like all numbers between 2 and 5)
Write it as the two endpoints separated by a comma in parentheses
For a , use square parentheses. For a < or >, use regular parentheses
= union (combination of two intervals)
= intersection (overlap of two intervals)
Write in interval notation:
Distance Formula
To find the length of a segment using its endpoints
/ Midpoint Formula
Find the distance between the points (5,-1) and (-2,7). Then find the midpoint.
To solve an equation by factoring, it must be equal to zero!!!
Some common factoring patterns to know:
Solve for x: / Factor and simplify:
Slope-intercept form: y = mx + b
Point-Slope form: (y – y1) = m(x – x1)
Standard form: Ax + By = C (A, B and C are non-zero whole numbers)
Vertical line: x = constant
Horizontal line: y = constant
Parallel Lines: m1 = m2
Perpendicular Lines:
Find the equation of the line with a slope of -3 that passes through the point (-2, 5)
To find an intercept of any graph, set all other variables equal to zero and solve for the remaining variable
Find the x-intercept(s) of the graph of
Find the y-intercept
Function: An equation that relates 2 variables where each input has exactly one output (“vertical line test” says that if a vertical line crosses a graph more than once, then it is not a function)
Domain: Any x that can be put into the function and give a valid output (remember, the easiest way to find domain is you ask yourself what x can not be)
: All Real numbers =
: The empty set (nothing)
: “The set of all real numbers x, such that x is less than or equal to 5”
Range: All the values that f(x) takes on.
The easiest way to find range is using a graph. Look for a “floor” or “ceiling” the graph doesn’t pass
Find the domain of
Use a calculator to find the range
Find the domain of
Find the domain of
Function Notation: x is the input, and f(x) is the output (basically, f(x)is y)
For , find . (Note: this is called the difference quotient, and is important)
Restricting Domain
Sometimes you only want to look at a piece of a function. You can do this just by telling the reader what x can be.
For example:
Would be the right side of a parabola
Write an equation for the graph of the line segment that connects the points (2,5) and (-7,1).
Piecewise Functions
A function with more than one equation.
Each equation is used over a separate interval (just like restricting domain)
Absolute Value
|x| is the distance from zero to a number x on a number line (direction doesn’t matter)
Solve for x:
Express as a piecewise function
/ x is the horizontal component (distance right or left)
f(x) is the vertical component (height) at x
Library of functions:
shift up if C is positive, down if C is negative
shift left if C is positive, right if C is negative
stretch ↕ by a factor of C
stretch ↔ by a factor of C
reflect about the x-axis
reflect about the y-axis
* reflect and stretch before you shift!
Even Function: f(-x) = f(x) and the graph is symmetric about the y-axis
Odd Function: f(-x) = -f(x) and the graph is symmetric about the origin (180o rotation)
Note: cos is even, while sin and tan or odd. Reciprocals are the same.
Increasing: If x1 > x2, then f(x1) > f(x2) (“Rising” over a certain interval)
Decreasing: If x1 > x2, then f(x1) f(x2) (“Falling” over a certain interval)
Constant: For any x1, x2, f(x1) = f(x2) (“Flat” over a certain interval)
Is each function even, odd or neither?
Use the graph below to answer the questions.
/ 1. Does the graph represent a function?
2. If so, what is its domain?
3. If so, what is its range?
4. On what interval(s) is the graph increasing?
5. When x = -2, what is f(x)?
6. For what value(s) of x does f(x) = -3?
7. Draw f(x + 2) on the graph above
Note: To find the domain of f(g(x)) you must also consider the domain of g (the second function)
Find the domain of if and
Find the domain of
* To find a functions inverse, switch x and y, and solve for the new y.
Graphs of inverse functions are reflections of each other in the line y = x
Important note:
Domain of = Range of
Range of = Domain of
If , find
Properties of Exponents
True or false:
is read “log base 5 of x” and means “5 to what power equals x?”
b can be any positive number except 1
You can not take the log of a negative number or zero (domain is x > 0)
Logs and exponentials are inverses!
Properties of Logarithms (For any b > 0)
Converting logs to exponentials
Method 1 – Definition of inverses
Just switch x and y / Method 2 – Canceling out functions
Use property 3 or 4 above
Find the domain of:
Solving Log/Exp Equations
Isolate the log/exp function
Switch forms using one of the methods above
Solve for x
Check your answers (extraneous solutions for log solutions)
Know the unit circle!!!! I’m not going to re-re-re-re-teach it.
Know radian angles (2 = 360o)
Know Identities: Reciprocal, Pythagorean, Even/Odd
Solving Trig Equations
Isolate the trig function(s) first (often done by factoring)
Solve using inverse trig (unit circle)
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1. Forum
2. >
3. Topic: Finnish
4. >
5. "There is a small lake and a …
"There is a small lake and a good sauna nearby."
Translation:Lähellä on pieni järvi ja hyvä sauna.
July 21, 2020
Why is it "on" but not "ovat"?
Because you are talking about two things separately. If you were saying 'there are two lakes....' you would use ovat. Here there is one thing (so you use 'on') and then another. You wouldn't say 'there are a lake and a sauna' because they are two different things.
Learn Finnish in just 5 minutes a day. For free.
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Ingestible Origami Automaton Removes Clitoris Batteries From Tummy Shonda
People can use spelt flour in place of wheat flour in most recipes. In this article, we provide the information that people need to know if they suspect that they have a strawberry allergy. In this article, we discuss 14 different types of food to avoid eating when trying to lose weight. We also look at available treatment options, including a number of exercises that can help. As researchers learn more about how genetic factors can impact psoriasis, people who have relatives with the condition can start to develop a better understanding of how likely it is to affect them. Addressing these mood changes is vital. preco de tadalafil em portugal item cialis 20 contraindicaciones and ultimately can tadalafil prevent pregnancy.
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Natural remedies cannot cure eczema, but they can help manage the symptoms and prevent flares. During a depressive episode, they may feel sad, have low energy, and withdraw socially. The international team of researchers, including members of the Karolinska Institutet in Sweden, report the findings in the BMJ. Read on, to learn more about the benefits of cold compresses, and which types should be used for different ailments. Even if eczema improves during pregnancy, some women find that their eczema flares up again after childbirth. The keto diet is highly restrictive. Pain in the iliac crest can also radiate to other areas of the body, including the back, abdomen, and groin. When side effects do occur, the most common are muscle pain and joint pain. can i buy sildenafil in spain over the counter yesterday how does viagra work with alcohol also chloroquine phosphate online honestly do u have to have a prescription for sildenafil.
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Skip to main content
What causes a dryer belt to break?
A dryer belt wrapped around the drum's exterior causes it to turn. Over time, the belt will wear out and eventually break, which will prevent the drum from rotating, and the dryer from functioning properly.
Let's Get It Fixed!
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What Did You Think of This Article?
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Integral membrane protein of Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum. Its homodimer is an essential component of the gamma-secretase complex that catalyzes the cleavage of membrane proteins such as NOTCH RECEPTORS and amyloid beta-peptides precursors. PSEN2 mutations cause alzheimer disease type 4.
Symptoms and diagnosis
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How scorched earth left by wildfires can trigger new disasters
·4 min read
Wildfires can bring devastation to homes, businesses and the landscape, but even after a fire is extinguished, that doesn't mean the dangers subside. The lack of trees and vegetation caused by a fire can often leave an area vulnerable to other threats, especially when the rainy season begins.
Landscapes can be radically changed by a wildfire -- areas once abundant with trees and bushes can be reduced to ashes and dry soil. The change leaves a noticeable mark on the land and is often referred to as a burn scar.
In many communities ravaged by fire, and particularly in the West, the concern soon shifts to flooding when wet weather arrives. The lack of trees and plants can become a significant issue when heavy rain returns to an area where a wildfire once burned.
"Moisture cannot be absorbed as easily as before, and there is less vegetation to prevent or limit runoff," said AccuWeather Meteorologist Alyssa Smithmyer.
Hana Mohsin, right, carries belongings from a neighbor's home which was damaged in a mudslide on Wednesday, Jan. 27, 2021, in Salinas, Calif. The area, located beneath the River Fire burn scar, is susceptible to landslides as heavy rains hit hillsides scorched during the previous year's wildfires. (AP Photo/Noah Berger)
Not only is the lack of vegetation a concern, but a wildfire can cause changes in the soil itself.
"Soil becomes greatly modified following a wildfire, and is comparable to pavement in terms of its repelling nature," explained Smithmyer.
The combination of these factors means that even light to moderate rain and low rainfall totals can still result in flooding.
Any periods of rain, even amounts less than a half of an inch of rain per hour, that fall over burn scar areas can result in mudslides and debris flows, according to Smithmyer.
One of the most infamous examples of how burn scars can set up deadly and destructive mudflows occurred in January 2018 in Santa Barbara County, California. A major winter storm moved over areas that had been scorched by the Thomas Fire, one of the largest fires in state history, just weeks earlier. The storm's heavy rain triggered devastating mudflows over these burn scar areas in the Santa Ynez Mountains. The powerful mud and debris flows then poured down the slopes into the town of Montecito, leaving 23 dead and destroying more than 100 homes.
In this photo provided by Santa Barbara County Fire Department, mudflow, boulders and debris from heavy rain runoff from early Tuesday reached the roof of a single story home in Montecito, Calif., on Wednesday, Jan. 10, 2018. A storm caused deadly mudslides in fire-scarred areas of Montecito and adjacent Santa Barbara County. (Mike Eliason/Santa Barbara County Fire Department via AP)
Even though it does not take much rain to cause flooding, mudslides or debris flows, the more rain that falls and the heavier that rain is, the worse the flooding event will become.
Debris flows can consist of mud, rocks, trees, vehicles and even entire homes, according to the National Weather Service. One of the most dangerous aspects of debris flows is their unpredictability. "A debris flow may happen where others have occurred, or in a place that has never seen one before," the NWS states.
"During rain events in the burned areas, regions with steep terrain can turn into danger zones," stated Smithmyer.
Workers monitor a burn scar area in Santa Cruz County, California, ahead of a major storm system during October 2021. (Santa Cruz County government)
In some of the larger and more destructive fires, the damage to the soil is severe enough that it takes the land an extended amount of time to return to the way it was before the fire.
"After a wildfire event, it can take many years for vegetation to grow back to the level it was previously," said Smithmyer.
The flooding that can result due to the lack of vegetation and inability for the soil to absorb water can cause just as much damage as the fire that burned through a given location. Roads can be washed out and homes and other buildings can be damaged or destroyed.
The force and magnitude of flooding and mudslides can carry them outside of burn scar areas, as mud and debris can move far downstream.
Residents who live in areas susceptible to flash flooding and mudslides and debris flows should always have a plan in place in the case of an evacuation.
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Carol Ward: "The shape of human evolution"
Talk link:
Primate Conversations with Carol Ward - 23rd Nov 2021: "The shape of human evolution"
Talk abstract: Understanding how the transition to committed terrestrial bipedality took place is key to deciphering how, and why, our lineage evolved. Although the limbs have received considerable attention, primates vary in the shape and structure of their torsos, which reflects body posture, spinal mobility, and even limb use. New fossil pelves, ribs, vertebrae and other torso elements of fossil apes and early hominins have been discovered over the past several years and are shedding new light on the evolution of body form in apes and humans. Novel insights into the evolution of ape and human body form not only give a new picture of the locomotor transitions involved in hominin origins, but suggest that we need to rethink the questions we are asking about how, and why, hominins evolved.
See more events here!
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qtl2_to_cape {cape}R Documentation
Convert qtl2 object to cape format
This function converts a data object constructed by qtl2 using the read_cross() function to cape format. It returns a list in which the first element is the cape data object, and the second element is the cape genotype object.
qtl2_to_cape(cross, genoprobs = NULL, map = NULL, covar = NULL, verbose = TRUE)
a cross object created by the R/qtl2 function read_cross()
an optional argument for providing previously calculated genoprobs. if this parameter is missing, genoprobs are calculated by qtl_to_cape.
The qtl2 map. This can be omitted if the map is included in the cross object as either pmap or gmap. By default the physical map (pmap) is used. If it is missing, the genetic map is used. A provided map will be used preferentially over a map included in the cross object.
Optional matrix of any covariates to be included in the analysis.
A logical value indicating whether to print progress to the screen. Defaults to TRUE.
This function returns a list of two elements. The first element is a cape data object. The second element is a cape genotype object.
Carter, G. W., Hays, M., Sherman, A., & Galitski, T. (2012). Use of pleiotropy to model genetic interactions in a population. PLoS genetics, 8(10), e1003010. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003010
Broman, Karl W., Daniel M. Gatti, Petr Simecek, Nicholas A. Furlotte, Pjotr Prins, Śaunak Sen, Brian S. Yandell, and Gary A. Churchill. "R/qtl2: software for mapping quantitative trait loci with high-dimensional data and multiparent populations." Genetics 211, no. 2 (2019): 495-502.
## Not run:
data_obj <- qtl2_to_cape(cross_obj, genoprobs, map, covar, verbose = TRUE)
## End(Not run)
[Package cape version 3.1.0 Index]
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You asked: What did the Portuguese colonies do?
How did colonization impact Portugal?
The kingdom soon reaped the benefits of colonization by enslaving Africans and native peoples to mine its territories for natural resources, including gold, precious stones, wood, ivory, silver, ebony. This influx of wealth to Portugal led to expansive building programs around the world.
What did the Portuguese do in the Americas?
What were the results of the Portuguese colonization of Brazil?
The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) divided the Americas amicably between Portugal and Spain. … Independence was gained with no significant struggle, the Portuguese crown prince becoming Emperor of Brazil in 1822. Slavery was abolished without a civil war in 1888. The Empire became a republic without a struggle in 1889.
FASCINATINGLY: Frequent question: Who is the Portuguese ambassador?
Why did Portuguese empire fall?
By the end of the 20th century these colonial empires were history. The rise of Soviet influence in the working class, and the cost of the Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974), led to the collapse of the Portuguese Second Republic (Estado Novo) in 1974.
How many countries did Portugal colonize?
Portugal’s empire, which survived for more than six centuries, was the first of the great European global empires and outlasted all others as well, surviving until 1999. Its former possessions are now across 50 countries around the world.
Was Portugal colonized or a colonizer?
Portugal, in the 20th century the poorest and least developed of the western European powers, was the first nation (with Spain) to establish itself as a colonial power and the last to give up its colonial possessions. In Portuguese Africa during the authoritarian regime of…
How did the Portuguese treat the natives in America?
Initially, the Portuguese bartered with the natives to bring brazilwood and other forest items to the coast. However, when the natives had accumulated all the tools and pots that they needed, they showed a lack of interest in continuing the arrangement. Consequently, the Portuguese turned to violent persuasion.
All about Portugal
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| 0.991518 |
Penalties For DWI In Fort Worth, Texas
According to research, about three out of every ten Americans have been involved in a DWI violation at some time in their lives. When you consider Texas as a whole or just Fort Worth, the statistics are approximately comparable. The rise in the number of vehicles on the road has also contributed to an increase in the number of accidents. As a result, virtually every state is toughening DWI regulations.
These stringent restrictions are being implemented to discourage people from driving while intoxicated. Fort Worth has been aggressively establishing DWI checkpoints and increasing punishments, including increased fines and even prison time. As a result of these tighter procedures, there are fewer deaths.
Even first-time convictions could include punishments like having a device installed on the ignition lock that would require a breath sample before you start your vehicle. There are many states that have passed legislation bringing this law into enforcement. The stricter laws have made drivers make better choices when it comes to driving.
DWI laws are sending the message that consequences can alter your whole life. Your license can be easily suspended with the present laws. You could actually end up losing your license. DWI penalties are based on several factors like a prior record, age, and sex, to mention only a few. One should always be aware of Fort Worth DWI laws before hitting the road.
Penalties for DWI could include fines or even possible jail time or community service. You can also end up in various education programs. Penalties could get stricter under certain other circumstances. For instance, if the accident involves children, then you are in for real trouble.
It is, hence, vital that you know at least the basics of Fort Worth DWI Laws. You can get valuable information on these laws from leading online resources and from your Fort Worth DWI lawyer. Fort Worth DWI lawyers are also best placed to protect your legal rights if you are charged with a DWI offense.
At Cole Paschall Law, we offer comprehensive consultations, ensuring you have an opportunity to avoid harsh penalties for your suspected crimes or at least get away with reduced sentences. To start developing a substantial and impactful defense against the criminal charges, contact the office of Cole Paschall Law, where we have experienced Fort Worth DWI lawyers, at 1-817-477-4100.
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Stepping Stones
Memoir of a Life Together
By (author) Staughton Lynd, Alice Lynd
Publication date:
16 February 2009
Length of book:
209 pages
Lexington Books
ISBN-13: 9780739127490
Stepping Stones is a joint memoir by two longtime participants in movements for social change in the United States. Staughton and Alice Lynd have worked for racial equality, against war, with workers and prisoners, and against the death penalty. Coming from similar ethical backgrounds but with very different personalities, the Lynds spent three years in an intentional community in Northeast Georgia during the 1950s. There they experienced a way of living that they later sought to carry into the larger society. Both were educated to be teachers—Staughton as a professor of history and Alice as a teacher of preschool children. But both sought to address the social problems of their times through more than their professions.
After being involved in the Southern civil rights movement and the movement against the war in Vietnam in the 1960s, both Staughton and Alice became lawyers. In the Youngstown, Ohio, area they helped workers to create a variety of rank-and-file organizations. After retirement, they became advocates for prisoners who were sentenced to death or confined under supermaximum security conditions. Through trips to Central America in the 1980s, Staughton and Alice became familiar with the concept of “accompaniment.” To them, accompaniment means placing themselves at the side of the poor and oppressed, not as dispensers of charity or as guilty fugitives from the middle class, but as equals in a joint process to which each person brings an essential kind of expertise. Throughout, the Lynds, who became Quakers in the early 1960s, have been committed to nonviolence. Their story will encourage young people seeking lives of public service in the cause of creating a better world.
Without radicals like the Lynds, there might have been no American Revolution, no Abolition, no Suffrage, no New Deal, no environmental laws and so on.... Through all the storms, Staughton and Alice have represented the basic blend of moral force, critical inquiry and trust in the evidence of things unseen that have helped rank-and-file people become the driving force wherever great social reforms were achieved.
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| 0.975094 |
S.R. Green, I. Goodwin, D. Cornwall
Overhead sprinklers or micro-sprays are used in apple orchards in Australia to reduce the incidence of sunburn. Evaporative cooling occurs while the fruit surface remains wet and this is an effective way to lower fruit temperatures on hot days. The aim of the evaporative cooling is to apply the water at the right time, and at the right amount to achieve effective cooling of fruit and at the same time avoid excess runoff to the understory. The impact of evaporative cooling on irrigation requirements is unknown. The objective of this study was to undertake some preliminary observations of the effects on fruit temperature and tree transpiration (T). The heat-pulse technique was used to determine T in a commercial Royal Gala apple (Malus domestica) orchard where overhead micro-sprays were already being used for evaporative cooling. The application rate of the micro-sprays was fixed at 2.4 mm/h. Evaporative cooling commenced when air temperature exceeded approximately 34°C and water was predominantly applied in cycles of 15 min on and 30 min off. Six trees were instrumented with sap flow sensors. Three trees (treatment) received evaporative cooling while the other three trees (control) did not. A leaf wetness sensor was placed under the micro-sprays to deduce the surface wetness of the apples. T declined by approximately 50% when the overhead micro-sprays were applying water for evapo¬rative cooling. In the control trees, T decreased by approximately 5% in response to changes in air temperature and relative humidity. T recovered rapidly soon after the water was cut off. These results suggest that EC reduces root-zone irrigation requirements.
Green, S.R., Goodwin, I. and Cornwall, D. (2014). EVAPORATIVE COOLING EFFECTS ON TREE TRANSPIRATION. Acta Hortic. 1038, 401-406
DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1038.48
apple, sap flow, fruit temperature, irrigation
Acta Horticulturae
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| 0.895471 |
Adjust Text Size
Global Warming - Impact Zones
Impact Zone - U.S. New England
U.S. New England
Global Warming in New England: Slushier Slopes and Faded Foliage
Changing Seasons
Since 1970 average annual temperatures across the Northeast have risen more than 2 degrees Fahrenheit, and winter temperatures have risen around 4 degrees. If the current rate of heat-trapping emissions continues, summers in Boston in the year 2070 will feel like those of South Carolina today. By the end of the century, average winter and summer temperatures in the Northeast could rise up to 12 and 14 degrees Fahrenheit, respectively. Cities across New England, which historically experience a few days per year above 100 degrees each summer, could average 20 such days per summer, while more southern cities such as Hartford could average nearly 30 days.
The character of the seasons will change significantly. By the end of the century, spring could arrive three weeks earlier, with summer lengthening up to six weeks, autumn becoming warmer and drier, and winter becoming shorter and milder.
Slushy Slopes and Faded Foliage
Changes in climate will also lead to changes in recreational activities for New Englanders. Warmer temperatures and a lack of snow are already significantly reducing the length and quality of the ski season. Economically, the difference in revenue between a cold, snowy winter and a warm, slushy winter is significant. In New Hampshire alone, warm, slushy winters reduce downhill skiers by 15 percent, cross-country skiers by 30 percent, and snowmobile license sales by 26 percent. By the end of the century, continued high emissions could result in winter snow seasons that are half as long.
As winter temperatures rise, more precipitation will fall as rain instead of snow; and what little snow accumulates will melt more quickly. By the end of the century, the length of the winter snow season could be cut in half, crippling winter tourism in the region and making ski areas without significant artificial snow-making unviable. Under a business-as-usual scenario, by the end of the century only western Maine would be expected to retain a reliable ski season.
Because of these seasonal and climate changes, New England’s famous autumn foliage would occur later and become far less dramatic, a manifestation of the changing character of the region’s forests. The center of suitable habitat for most of the region’s tree species will continue shifting northward, as much as 500 miles by late-century. Some tree species that generate the region’s brilliant fall foliage may succumb to climate stress, increased competition, and other pressures. The number of spruce and fir trees is expected to decline, greatly exacerbating stresses on the pulp and paper industry in New England, particularly in Maine, where the forest-based manufacturing industry is integral to the state’s economy.
What's Cape Cod Without the Cod?
Declines in recreational and industrial fishing will be substantial throughout New England. New England dockside ports sell close to $700 million a year in fish and shellfish. Even if global warming emissions are reduced now, the heat-trapping emissions already in the atmosphere will continue to warm the seas for a number of years into the future. This inevitable increase will likely lead to a disappearance in cod in the region’s waters south of Cape Cod, and conditions would become unfavorable for cod in the legendary Georges Bank region.
The lobser fishery in the southern part of the Northeast has already significantly declined in the past decade as waters warmed. The lobster fisheries off the coast from Cape Cod down to through Rhode Island are also expected to experience significant decline by mid-century. In the region’s rivers, cold water fish like brook, rainbow, and brown trout will not be able to survive where shallower, unshaded, and slower moving rivers rise in temperature.
Print This Page
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Regular price $155.00
The first truly specific design for women, ADV SKIN 8 set has a unique shape that eliminates pressure on the breasts when it is synched down. And the integrated soft flasks also have a unique shape, ensuring complete comfort and balancing your gear evenly while you run. It's the ultimate hydration solution for women who demand the best.
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| 0.993724 |
how can we innovate to engage families in reading?
the challenge
BookTrust’s universal programme struggles to reach less engaged families in the most deprived areas across the UK.
our approach
Our co-design and user engagement methods opened up conversations, events and workshops with key stakeholders, including delivery partners and most importantly, the families they serve.
the outcome
The insights led to a series of improvements and innovations, with a particular focus on those families not yet engaged with reading to their young children.
The project is still in progress where we are developing experiences and a new social venture for the charity.
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| 0.933627 |
The sum of additive inverse of \[( - 3)\]is ______
131.1k+ views
Hint: Additive inverse of the number is stated as the number whose addition with the given number yields zero as a result. So the additive inverse of x is (-x) and sum of both the number is \[0\]
Complete step-by-step answer:
Given \[( - 3)\]
Let additive inverse of \[( - 3)\]be x
So as we know the sum of a number and its additive inverse is 0
\Rightarrow x + ( - 3) = 0 \\
\Rightarrow x = 3 \\
So the additive inverse of \[( - 3)\]is 3.
The additive inverse of x is equal and opposite in sign to it (so, y = -x or vice versa). For example, the additive inverse of the positive number \[5\] is \[ - 5\].
Hence in the following manner we can solve the above question.
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Revision history OpenPOWER Library
5.1.1. ELF Header
The ELF header of generated object files must be marked as follows to indicate compliance with the ELFv2 ABI:
1. The file class member of the ELF header identification array, e_ident[EI_CLASS], identifies the ELF file as 64-bit encoded by holding the value ELFCLASS64.
2. Processor identification resides in the ELF header's e_machine member, and must have the value EM_PPC64, defined as the value 21.
3. The ELF header's e_flags member holds the bit flag 2 to indicate use of the ELFv2 ABI.
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how to pronounce errands
how to improve pronunciation of errands
press buttons with phonetic symbols to learn about each sound.
press Play to play an example pronunciation of errands.
video examples of errands pronunciation
An example use of errands in a speech by a native speaker of american english:
“… fool's errands michael i understand i …”
meanings of errands
1. Plural of errand.
1. Third-person singular simple present indicative form of errand.
words with pronunciation similar to errands
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| 0.993372 |
Separating What We Want To Say From What We Need To Say
This one is worth framing over the desk:
Separate what you want to say from what you need to say.
What we want to say includes things that make us sound smart, ideas we find interesting, maneuvers to move the conversation where we want it to go (ex. “close a sale”), etc.
What we need to say includes answering a question being asked, probing to find the specific question when we’re unsure of what they’re asking, making certain our argument is clear in the other party’s mind, etc.
Want is focused on us, need us focused on them.
Focusing on the other person and uncovering what they need is the only path to actual progress.
Clear and concise. Content, context, and connection.
Leave a Reply
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| 0.895188 |
How Child education can Save You Time, Stress, and Money.
Infancy education is a field within the philosophy of education that focuses on the early teaching of children, from conception until their seventh birthday. This has traditionally consisted of classes on nutrition, mother care, writing skills, and socialization. ECE is an important developmental milestone in the development of children for certain. Some people are against ECE for different reasons. The notion of early childhood education being an ineffective form of education is a well-known argument.
Although there is a lot of debate between traditional educators and those who advocate starting from birth, it is clear that ECE has numerous advantages. It is the beginning point for all future educational opportunities. It allows every child to go into kindergarten and experience how different environments and people can assist them in developing their skills. It provides the foundations for an environment that is child-centric.
A comprehensive and balanced curriculum for the early years of development includes music, art as well as movement, interaction and science. These components are all interconnected and can be taught with different methods. For example, science can be taught by utilizing the natural world around us and by playing natural games, while at the simultaneously taking advantage of the many games that children find enjoyable such as music and movement.
There are a variety of early childhood education programs available. These are offered in daycares, preschools and homes as well as online. Each offers a different curriculum that focuses only on a specific area of learning. It is essential to think about the way in which the curriculum is taught. Do they teach it through hands-on methods or do they use more of an interactive approach? These factors can have a major impact in a child’s success.
One of the most important things to consider when choosing an early childhood program is what age your child will be entering. Certain programs are more suitable for children who are young, whereas others are more appropriate for older children. The best idea is to do research on the child and their potential requirements. If a child is starting school at an early stage, they will require more than the basic education. The more a child is educated and develops, the better they will be able to handle school and the responsibilities that go along with it. Learn more about Child test preparation washington d.c now.
The quality of early childhood education is an additional thing to think about. Quality should include activities, games and games that help develop their skills and their interests. It should also include communication tools that the child can use to communicate with their classmates and parents. This kind of education should not be ignored but should be encouraged.
The next step in the process involves being involved in the child’s education. Parents can discuss the child’s progress with teachers and inform them of any special needs. They can also get tips for getting started with the class themselves and learn about ways to help make the learning process easier. The teacher will learn a lot from the parents and will be able to make the learning process fun for all the family members.
A child’s early education has many advantages. They will develop a more resolute sense of responsibility and will learn how to be an improved person. The educational programs will also aid in the development of the child’s social and emotional abilities. This can have a major impact on how a child grows up to become an adult. Programs designed for young children can prove to be extremely beneficial to the child’s growth and education.
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Manchester Making the Modern City
Every town and city has its story, but few have a history that is essential to understanding how the modern world was made. Manchester was the first industrial city and arguably the first modern city.
I have been enjoying this new book (edited by Alan Kidd and Terry Wyke), having got a complementary copy for contributing a photograph. It is a critical history of Manchester and how it developed into an international city. It covers the social, political and industrial history rather than the architecture but has lots of background information for significance and conservation reports, including a very useful historical timeline.
Details are HERE.
Leave a Reply
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| 0.902993 |
How do you use a fire extinguisher in a lab?
To use a fire extinguisher, pull the pin, point the nozzle at the base of the fire, and hold down the trigger, covering the fire with a sweeping motion. There are two fire extinguishers in each lab: one at the front of the lab near the blackboard, and at the back near the main hood.
Can you use a fire extinguisher on a lab surface?
ABC, dry chemical and CO2 fire extinguishers should not be used to put out a Class D (flammable metals) fire. … Frequently, these fires erupt on a combustible surface such as wooden lab bench or storage shelves and the entire scenario quickly takes on very serious consequences.
How do you use a fire extinguisher step by step?
The acronym PASS is used to describe these four basic steps.
1. Pull (Pin) Pull pin at the top of the extinguisher, breaking the seal. …
2. Aim. Approach the fire standing at a safe distance. …
3. Squeeze. Squeeze the handles together to discharge the extinguishing agent inside. …
4. Sweep.
IT IS IMPORTANT: What are ABCD fire extinguishers?
How can you extinguish a fire in the lab?
……Pull the Pin. at the base of the flames. holding the extinguisher upright. the extinguishing agent.
1. Notify: Other occupants of the immediate space (yell) …
2. Evacuate. The immediate area of the problem. …
3. Isolate. …
4. IF SAFE TO DO SO, attempt to extinguish.
When should you not use a fire extinguisher?
When do you not use a fire extinguisher?
1. The fire is too big or would require more than one fire extinguisher.
2. Fires involving escaping gases, high voltage electrics.
3. The evacuation route is obstructed.
4. There are high levels of smoke.
5. The area is too hot.
6. You have not been trained.
What should you not do if a person’s clothes suddenly catch fire in a lab?
If your clothing catches fire, do not run or take other action that will fan the flames. Immediately drop down and roll on the floor to extinguish the flames. Laboratories are also equipped with fire blankets for extinguishing clothing fires.
What is a fire blanket used for in a lab?
A fire blanket is a versatile safety aid. It is used primarily as a first aid measure for prevention of shock rather than as a fire extinguisher for burning or smoldering clothes. It is also useful to contain and control chemical spills in the laboratory. The fire blanket is a one-use safety aid.
What is the best defense against fire?
As always, the best defense against a fire is to be prepared. Take a moment to look at your fire extinguisher.
Where should fire extinguishers be located in a lab?
Fire Alarm Pull Stations -located at all exits and adjacent to Fire Cabinets Fire Extinguishers: -located in all labs at exit Eyewash Stations: -located in all laboratories.
IT IS IMPORTANT: Question: Where do firefighter/paramedics get paid the most?
What is the first thing to do in a fire?
Activate the first fire alarm you see and try to help others to evacuate the building. Close doors behind you to help prevent the fire from spreading. Follow the evacuation procedure if you’re at your workplace or follow the escape route signs if you’re a visitor. Listen to instructions given by the Fire Marshal.
What are the 2 things to checked before using a fire extinguisher?
Examine the extinguisher for obvious physical damage, corrosion, leakage, or clogged nozzle. Confirm the pressure gauge or indicator is in the operable range or position, and lift the extinguisher to ensure it is still full. Make sure the operating instructions on the nameplate are legible and facing outward.
What sequence of steps should you follow when using a fire extinguisher?
A: Aim the extinguisher nozzle on the hose low, toward the base of the fire. S: Squeeze the handle or lever to discharge the extinguisher. S: Sweep the nozzle back and forth. Keep the fire extinguisher aimed at the base of the fire and move it from side to side until the flames are extinguished.
Tame a raging fire
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| 0.965991 |
Cookies and Internet Advertising
We and our Service Providers use cookies and other technologies (such as web beacons) for various reasons. For example, we use cookies and other technologies to make it easy to access our services by remembering you when you return, to provide and analyze our services, to learn more about our users and their likely interests, and to deliver and tailor marketing or advertising. We want you to be informed about our use of these technologies, so this notice explains the types of technologies we use, what they do and your choices regarding their use.
1. What are cookies?Cookies are small data files that are commonly stored on your device when you browse and use websites and online services. They are widely used to make websites work, or to work more efficiently, as well as to provide reporting information and assist with service or advertising personalization.Cookies are not the only types of technology that enable this functionality; we also use other, similar types of technologies. See below for more information and examples.
2. Why does use cookies?We and our Service Providers may use the following types of cookies:
• Essential cookies: These cookies are strictly necessary to provide our website or online service. For example, we or our Service Providers may use these cookies to authenticate and identify our members when they use our websites and applications so we can provide our service to them. They also help us to enforce our Terms of Use, prevent fraud and maintain the security of our service.
• Performance and functionality cookies: These cookies are not essential, but help us to personalize and enhance your online experience with For example, they help us to remember your preferences and prevent you from needing to re-enter information you previously provided (for example, during member sign up). We also use these cookies to collect information (such as popular pages, conversion rates, viewing patterns, click-through and other information) about our visitors' use of the service so that we can enhance and personalize our website and service and conduct market research. Deletion of these types of cookies will result in limited functionality of our service.
• Advertising cookies: These cookies use information about your visit to this and other websites, such as the pages you visit, your use of our service or your response to ads and emails, to deliver ads that are more relevant to you. These types of ads are called "Interest-Based Advertising." Many of the advertising cookies associated with our service belong to our Service Providers.
3. How can I exercise choice regarding cookies and other types of online tracking?Stop using services and websites. At this time, we do not respond to Web browser "do not track" signals.
4. How Does use Web Beacons and other Technologies?Web beacons (also known as clear gifs or pixel tags) often work in conjunction with cookies. We and our Service Providers may use them for similar purposes as cookies, such as to understand and enhance the use of our service, improve site performance, monitor visitor traffic and actions on our site, and understand interactions with our marketing (including email and online ads on third party sites). Because web beacons often work in conjunction with cookies, in many cases, declining cookies will impair the effectiveness of web beacons.We use other technologies that are similar to cookies, such as browser storage and plugins (e.g., HTML5, IndexedDB, and WebSQL). Like cookies, some of these technologies may store small amounts of data on your device. We may use these and various other technologies for similar purposes as cookies, such as to enforce our terms, prevent fraud, and analyze the use of our service. There are a number of ways to exercise choice regarding these technologies. For example, many popular browsers provide the ability to clear browser storage, commonly in the settings or preferences area; see your browser’s help function or support area to learn more. Other technologies, such as Silverlight storage, may be cleared from within the application.
Last updated: September 18, 2019
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