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How is the leaf adapted for efficient gas exchange?
How is the leaf adapted for efficient gas exchange?
Because leaves have a huge surface area, there is more room for CO2 to enter. Because they are thin, there is less space for gases to move through. Stomata are tiny holes found throughout the leaf that open and shut, facilitating gas exchange. However, these openings are not all equal; only some areas of the leaf allow gas exchange while others prevent it. These special regions are called "airspaces" and occur where stomata are lacking or where they cluster together for better air circulation.
The most effective way for plants to extract oxygen from the atmosphere and release carbon dioxide is with the help of photosynthesis. The green color you see on many plants is due to the presence of chlorophyll, which is essential for this process to take place. Leaves contain lots of water because they need to be flexible and able to withstand wind forces and rain drops. But they don't use all their water - only about 10% - so they keep any remaining moisture in cells called trichomes. These are small hairs that grow on the leaf surface and can store up to 20 teaspoons of oil!
It's hard work being a leaf, but it's an important part of the food chain so most plants recruit several hundred million years of evolution to come up with something perfect.
Which of these is an adaptation of leaves for efficient gas exchange?
Leaves have stamata, which are tiny holes located throughout the leaf that open and close to facilitate gas exchange. Within the leaf, cells are grouped into layers. The spongey mesophyll layer contains air gaps that allow gases to diffuse effectively through the leaf. Limbs and petals are modified leaves. They too have stamens and pistils, respectively.
Photosynthesis takes place in the leaves. It is a major process by which plants obtain energy from the sun. During photosynthesis, light energy is converted into chemical energy via the electron transport chain in the chloroplasts. This process requires several different enzymes and other components found only in photosynthetic organisms. In addition, some carbon is stored in the form of sugars. These are used as fuel for other parts of the plant or released into the soil when the plant dies back down again. Trees, for example, use the sugar stored in their wood to grow new trees!
The word "leaf" comes from the Latin word lappa, which means "to wipe or wash". Leaves are very important for animals to survive since they need them to breathe and also to make food. Without leaves, there would be no spring because there would be no new growth for birds to eat. Leaves are also used by some animals as a blanket to keep warm during cold seasons.
There are two types of leaves: phototropic and heterotrophic.
What is the important role that gas exchange plays in plant respiration?
Plants get the gases they require from their leaves. They need oxygen to breathe and carbon dioxide to photosynthesis. Gases diffuse into the leaf's intercellular spaces via pores called stomata, which are generally found on the underside of the leaf. When water reaches these areas through the soil or directly from rain or snow, it opens the stomata, allowing air to enter the leaf for photosynthesis. The plants then exhale carbon dioxide through the stomata for use by other organisms such as trees or humans.
Photosynthesis converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy used by plants during growth and reproduction. This process requires oxygen and results in the production of carbon dioxide. Plants take up carbon dioxide during this process that can be used for future growth or stored for later release when needed for seed formation or root development.
The amount of oxygen produced by plants is just enough to live up to our own requirements plus supply enough left over for other organisms such as bacteria and fungi. However, because plants use oxygen to produce seeds and flowers, they cannot move unless there is sufficient wind or water to help them spread their seeds far and wide. Without this ability, all the plants on Earth would have nowhere to go if the world was completely cut off from its source of water and sunlight!
How are gases transported in plants?
The gases seep into the leaf's intercellular spaces through pores on the underside of the leaf (stomata). They will diffuse into the cells that require them from these gaps. Some gases, such as oxygen, are needed by all living things while others, such as carbon dioxide, are required for photosynthesis to take place.
Gases can be absorbed directly through the roots or stems or else be carried in the transpiration stream generated by water molecules moving across the surface of plant cells. These streams flow towards higher ground or other plants with the help of small bristly hairs called trichomes. The movement of water through the transpiration stream creates air currents that help move gases around the plant.
Some plants generate their own gas bubbles to provide support for themselves and this is known as pneumatophily. For example, Venus flytrap generates its own oxygen-rich bubbles to trap its prey which would otherwise asphyxiate it. In order to do this, the flytrap closes around its victim with sharp teeth designed to break bones. When fully closed, the flytrap weighs almost half a pound (0.2 kg), much more than its own body weight. To open itself again, it needs to release the pressure caused by the trapped gas bubble.
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Mildred Bushby
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Discussion Questions - Listening
Listen to the 20 Questions.
1. you headline did when the What think read you?
2. when in What country you your images 'Qatar' hear mind are the?
3. serious How situation this is?
4. do know Qatar What you about?
5. neighbours with have Qatar does relations of kind What its?
6. each relations country do What to should restore?
7. Arabia links about show Should to Qatar the Saudi terrorism and facts?
8. Arab unfairly six acting Qatar the countries towards Are?
9. problems in region other the Gulf What are there?
10. How lives normal live to able be Qatar in people will?
11. Did like this you reading article?
12. you Saudi you do name when What country of the think Arabia hear?
13. think about What what do you you read?
14. How has sea can no or Qatar access air survive to links if land it ,?
15. Where from food its get Qatar will?
16. run food happens supermarkets of What the out when?
17. damaged be Airways Qatar will badly How?
18. affected be Cup World soccer the Will?
19. to Saudi leave , Qatar Bahrain and Why the do UAE citizens have of?
20. questions the to What of like leaders you countries the would six ask?
Back to the Qatar lesson.
Qatar - The 20 Questions
STUDENT A's QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student B)
1. What did you think when you read the headline?
2. What images are in your mind when you hear the country 'Qatar'?
3. How serious is this situation?
4. What do you know about Qatar?
5. What kind of relations does Qatar have with its neighbours?
6. What should each country do to restore relations?
7. Should Saudi Arabia show the facts about Qatar and links to terrorism?
8. Are the six Arab countries acting unfairly towards Qatar?
9. What other problems are there in the Gulf region?
10. How will people in Qatar be able to live normal lives?
STUDENT B's QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student A)
2. What do you think of when you hear the country name 'Saudi Arabia'?
3. What do you think about what you read?
4. How can Qatar survive if it has no access to land, sea or air links?
5. Where will Qatar get its food from?
6. What happens when the supermarkets run out of food?
7. How badly will Qatar Airways be damaged?
8. Will the soccer World Cup be affected?
9. Why do citizens of Saudi, Bahrain and the UAE have to leave Qatar?
10. What questions would you like to ask the leaders of the six countries?
Online Activities
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Sicily, whose capital is Palermo, is the largest island in Mediterranean Sea and is one of 20 regions that make up the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana).
The island of Sicily, known as Regione Sicilian, is separated from the Italian mainland by the Strait of Messina and is one of five autonomous Italian regions. The County of Sicily was originally created by Norman conquest in the early 11th Century and led to the creation of the Kingdom of Sicily in the 12th Century. This Kingdom existed until 1816, when it became part of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies – the result of a union with the Kingdom of Naples. Sicily formally became part of Italy after the Italian unification and a plebiscite that followed the revolt led by Giuseppe Garibaldi in 1860 and in May of 1946, Sicily was accorded special status as an autonomous region.
Byzantine, Arab, Roman and Norman rule over Sicily throughout the centuries has led to a diverse and rich culture of art, music, literature and of course, food. With a population of approximately 5 million today, archeologists have fond evidence of human presence on Sicily as early as 12,000 BC and it boasts historic archaeological sites and remnants of many of these ancient civilizations. Among all of its well known characteristics, Sicily is also well known for its landmark Mount Etna, one of the tallest and most active volcanoes in Europe.
Nido Qubein
Season’s Greetings
Some Like it Hot
The words “Well, nobody’s perfect” is the final line of the 1959 Marilyn Monroe comedy classic Some Like it Hot !!
Simon Sinek
Classic Marilyn Monroe
“Well, nobody’s perfect” is the punchline and the last line of what Marilyn Monroe classic film?
Raspberries have the highest fiber content of any fruit. One cup of raspberries contains about 8 grams of fiber!
Steven Wright
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Peas (Pisum sativum) are a member of the legume family and are botanically fruits, since they contain seeds and develop from the ovary of a (pea) flower. Several peas are enclosed in seed pods and grow on vines that can grow to several feet, or on more compact plants that grow to 2-3 feet tall. The green immature peas are used as a vegetable, and have a sweet taste, like snow peas. Varieties of the species, called field peas, are grown to produce dry peas like the split pea shelled from the matured pod.
These nutritious legumes contain a wide variety of phytochemicals such as flavanols (catechin and epicatechin), phenolic acids (caffeic, ferulic and ellagic acids), carotenoids (alpha- and beta-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin), saponins, coumestrol and β-sitosterol. Whole dried yellow peas are used to make pea protein. They contain the 9 essential amino acids, with exceptional levels of lysine and arginine.
Each lot of Pea Protein Powder 80% (organic) is tested to ensure that this product is always GMO free.*
Wholesale Bulk Pea Powder
ProductSpecificationsExtraction/Drying MethodApplications
Pea Protein Powder 80% (organic)
Country of Origin: China
Part used: Whole peas
Appearance: Fine yellow powder
Solubility: Partly soluble
Certifications: Organic, Kosher and Food grade
Produced in a BRC certified facility
Spray dried Dietary supplements
Functional foods
Functional beverages
Sports nutrition
©Copyright 2022 NP Nutra®
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How Hollie Hughes voted compared to someone who believes that the federal government should tighten the ministerial code of conduct to stop former ministers from taking up lobbying positions - including in-house positions - within five years of leaving Parliament
Division Hollie Hughes Supporters vote
22nd Jul 2019, 3:55 PM – Senate Committees - Finance and Public Administration References Committee - Reference
absent Yes
How "never voted on" is worked out
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Wednesday, December 8, 2010
Faccia a faccia - Italian title
Cara a cara - Spanish title
Kasvokkain - Finnish title
Mies Miesta Vastaan - Finnish title
Le dernier face à face - French title
Il était une fois en Arizona - French title
Von Angesicht zu Angesicht - German title
Halleluja, der Teufel lässt euch grüßen - German title
Cara... a cara - Mexican title
Cara a Cara - Portuguese title
Dise Dis - Turkish title
Face to Face - English title
A 1967 Italian, Spanish co-production [PEA (Rome), Arturo Gonzaliz P.C. (Madrid)]
Producer: Alberto Grimaldi
Director: Sergio Sollima
Story: Sergio Sollima
Screenplay: Sergio Donati, Sergio Sollima
Cinematography: Rafael Pacheco (Rafael du Usa), Emilio Foriscot [Technicolor, Techniscope]
Music: Ennio Morricone
Running time: 110 minutes
Professor Brad Fletcher - Gian Maria Volonte
Solomon ‘Beauregard’ Bennett - Tomás Milian (Tomás Rodriguez)
Charlie Siringo - William Berger (Wilhelm Berger)
Maximilian de Winton - Ángel del Pozo (Ángel Merino)
Zachary Scott - Aldo Sambrell (Alfredo Brell)
Maria - Jolanda Modio
Cattle Annie - Carole André (Carole Smith)
Williams - Gianni Rizzo
Belle de Winton - Lidia Alfonsi (Alexia Vasilou)
Harold/Aaron Chase - José Torres
Vance - Nello Pazzafini (Giovanni Pazzafini)
Jason - Frank Braña (Francisco Pérez)
Wallace - Lorenzo Robledo
Rusty Rogers - Francisco Sanz
university dean - John Karlsen
Sheriff of Purgatory City - Rick Boy (Federico Boido)
Deputy of Purgatory City - Freddy Unger (Goffredo Unger)
Mayor of Silvertown - Andrea Fantasia
Sheriff of Willow Creek - Calisto Calisti
sheriffs - Alfonso Rojas (Alfonso González), Guy Heron (Guy Heroni)
deputies - Joaquin Parra, Guglielmo Spoletini
rancher - Antonio Gradoli
innkeeper - José Zalde
gunsmith - Juan Cazalilla
blacksmith - Osiride Pevarello
Willow Creek Bank customer - Fulvio Mingozzi
gunmen - Gastone Moschin (Gastone Maschone), Guillermo Mendez)
Wild Bunch leader - Antonio Casas (Antonio Barros)
Fletcher’s woman - Linda Veras (Sieglinde Veras)
Sbarro - Ivan Scratuglia
Taylor gang member - Remo Capitani
Miss Wilkins - Rosella D’Aquino
Dolly - Rosella D’Aquino
A New England university professor, Brad Fletcher, is sent to Texas to convalesce by his doctor but he winds up being taken hostage by a wanted outlaw, Solomon 'Beauregard' Bennet who has been wounded in a stagecoach hold-up. Fletcher nurses Bennet back to health and the two men strike up an uneasy friendship. Instead of continuing his journey, Fletcher decides to join Bennet’s reassembled outlaw gang, Bennet's Raiders. But while Fletcher's influence results in Bennet rethinking his previously easy-going attitude towards violence and bloodshed, a desire to prove himself worthy of a place in Bennet's Raiders sees Fletcher wilfully breaking his own moral codes. Now doubting the validity of the powers of intuition that have ensured his survival thus far, Bennet allows an undercover Pinkerton man, Charley Siringo, to bluff his way into the gang while Fletcher uses his intellect and his oratory skills to usurp Bennet and become the gang's leader. All ends in tragedy when the three face each other and a posse of lawmen ordered to bring no one back alive.
YouTube link:
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Google Translate
Year 12 ICT Birmingham library Trip
As part of the Level 3 ICT course, we recently took the Year 12 ICT students to the Birmingham library. The library is one of the largest public libraries in the world and is spread over 10 levels of varying size and usage. It is a centre of excellence for literacy, research, study, skills development, entrepreneurship, creative expression and engaging information.
The students were given the opportunity to explore the IT systems used at the library and how technology supports the organisation of the library resources. They were able to understand how the library management information system is used to store, organise, share and retrieve vital information needed to carry out daily operational functions. All the students thoroughly enjoyed the visit and found it to be a valuable experience!
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CNN10 - 12/2/21
The impact of inflation on American farmers, an effort to help a rhino population in Africa, and the "vanity" of a wayward goat are all featured today.
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Radiant Heaters
Just like the sun's rays, radiant heating produces a soft and enveloping warmth. The air is not dried out or moved around by the heat, which creates a more comfortable environment. Radiant heating warms objects and people rather than the surrounding air, so it generates warmth and comfort at lower temperatures. This results in lower heating bills.
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The Thwaites Ice Shelf in 2012. (James Yungel/NASA ICE)
What Antarctica's 'Doomsday' Glacier Could Mean For The World
3 JANUARY 2022
Adding 65cm to global sea levels would be coastline-changing amounts. For context, there's been around 20cm of sea-level rise since 1900, an amount that is already forcing coastal communities out of their homes and exacerbating environmental problems such as flooding, saltwater contamination, and habitat loss.
But the worry is that Thwaites, sometimes called the "doomsday glacier" because of its keystone role in the region, might not be the only glacier to go.
Were it to empty into the ocean, it could trigger a regional chain reaction and drag other nearby glaciers in with it, which would mean several meters of sea-level rise.
A sea level rise of several meters would inundate many of the world's major cities – including Shanghai, New York, Miami, Tokyo, and Mumbai.
It would also cover huge swathes of land in coastal regions and largely swallow up low-lying island nations like Kiribati, Tuvalu, and the Maldives.
As big as Britain
Thwaites is a frozen river of ice approximately the size of Great Britain. It already contributes around 4 percent of the global sea-level rise.
Since 2000, the glacier has had a net loss of more than 1000 billion tons of ice and this has increased steadily over the last three decades. The speed of its flow has doubled in 30 years, meaning twice as much ice is being spewed into the ocean as in the 1990s.
But scientists have just confirmed that this ice shelf is becoming rapidly destabilized. The eastern ice shelf now has cracks crisscrossing its surface and could collapse within ten years, according to Erin Pettit, a glaciologist at Oregon State University.
Other unstable glaciers
Ella Gilbert, Postdoctoral Research Associate in Climate Science, University of Reading.
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Everything posted by John
3. Well, I wouldn't necessarily say he's a crank, but he is an ultrafinitist, so while his videos may be decent overall (and I've heard they are), bear in mind that he's philosophically opposed to infinite sets, irrational numbers, and even finite numbers large enough that they cannot be physically represented. This goes against the mainstream foundations of modern mathematics. He's also attempted to reformulate trigonometry into rational trigonometry, which is very much fringe mathematics. As an example of his position, a few articles expressing his views can be found at his page here: http://web.maths.unsw.edu.au/~norman/views.htm I don't know how much all this will factor into any videos he's done on geometry, but it's something to look out for.
6. In the U.S., there are loads of different available scholarships and grants, though of course there's no guarantee of getting them since they're mostly competitive or tied to certain qualities not every student will have. The government offers Stafford loans, which are granted regardless of financial need, though whether interest accumulates during your degree does depend on whether you have financial need, there is a maximum amount you can take out each year and overall, and how much you can actually take out each year is tied to the cost of attendance for your school. There are also Pell grants available from the government, though they're based on financial need. Individual states may also offer some assistance. For instance, I'm from Louisiana, and there's a program there called TOPS, which pays full tuition and fees for any public school in Louisiana for four years as long as you take certain classes in high school and achieve a certain GPA and ACT score (and assuming you attend college shortly after high school). Other than that, it's similar to what hyper mentioned above. People go to school while working. Given the odd hours that taking classes sometimes imposes on availability for work, some people wind up working multiple jobs. It's difficult, especially in a degree like physics, but it's doable. Of course, there are also online degrees available in some subjects, or at least individual online courses available. The perception of online classes/degrees varies (as an example, the medical school in the city I come from won't accept online classes for any of its specific prerequisites, even the non-science ones). Another option is to prioritize some job and take classes during non-business hours, though this may entail taking far longer than four years to complete a degree. Depending on the job and possibly the degree, an employer may even offer some financial assistance.
7. C has a very simple syntax, and those seven statements constitute pretty much all there is in terms of controlling the execution of code. Other than that, it's a matter of becoming familiar with the various data types, operations we can perform on those data types, knowledge of the functions built into the standard library, and construction of new functions. There are also sometimes shortcuts for certain statements, e.g. in C, we have the ternary operator ?:, used like this: condition ? statement1 : statement2; which can take the place of if(condition) { statement1; } else { statement2; } Other languages (like Python) provide more shortcuts to performing various actions, more built-in functions, etc. These collectively are referred to as "syntactic sugar." For instance, the Hello World program in C is #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { printf("Hello world.\n"); return 0; } while in Python it's print("Hello world.") So the number of words required to write a program depends on the language. Still, I'd say the seven control statements I listed in my previous post are enough to at least express decent programs in pseudocode.
12. Alright, I see what you're saying. The situation then is that you're standing at a height of three meters, dropping a bowling ball, and then trying to determine at what time the bowling ball will be at a height of four meters. But a height of four meters doesn't lie on this parabola, so there's no solution. Of course, in practice, you could drop the bowling ball onto a machine that will catch the ball and launch it with enough force to send the ball four meters or higher into the air, but then, mathematically, you're dealing with a different parabola. Edit: Just randomly decided to search for "imaginary time" and this came up: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginary_time. But it's something you'd probably want to discuss in the Physics forum.
13. Well, we can always just go by the magnitude to get a sense of relative sizes. We just have to accept that in that context, certain apparently unequal numbers are equal in magnitude, e.g. 1 has the same magnitude as i and -1. The difficulty arises when we try to put the complex numbers into some order such that two unequal numbers have unequal positions in the order, e.g. even though 1 and i have the same magnitude, if we want to order the complex numbers, we'd like either i < 1 or 1 < i (but not both), and fulfilling either requirement can be tricky, especially once we start adding operations into the mix. Hm, I'm not sure what you're asking here. The parabola has real solutions for all t, but in practice the Earth will keep the bowling ball from following the parabola past 3 meters, so in practice (disregarding wind and other such adjustments we'd need to make), the bowling ball will follow the parabola until it bounces, then follow another until it bounces again, and so on until it comes to rest. The parabola only describes the ball's path from the moment you throw/drop it until the moment it collides with some other object, so at the risk of upsetting any philosophers of science lurking around, the fact that the graph of the parabola continues down past h0 - 3 meters doesn't have a particularly profound meaning. Edit: To answer your question, the solution is real not imaginary, and it lies one meter under the ground.
14. I'll try. Just let me know which part(s) need clarification beyond what Wikipedia can provide. Yes. We can induce a total order on the complex numbers by moving up along the imaginary axis and then right along the real axis, i.e. [math]a + bi < c + di \iff [(a < c) \textnormal{ or } (a = c \textnormal{ and } b < d)][/math]. So for example, i < 100i < 1 < (2 - 100i). It's an odd sort of ordering if we're looking at the numbers in terms of their conceptual magnitude, but as far as I can tell it does satisfy the axioms. We can also induce a partial order on the complex numbers using the concentric circles of magnitude mentioned earlier, counting clockwise around each circle before moving to the "next." It's probably easier to think about this in terms of polar coordinates, in which we can say that [math](|z_1|, \theta_1) < (|z_2|, \theta_2) \iff \left(|z_1| < |z_2|\right) \textnormal{ or } \left(|z_1| = |z_2| \textnormal{ and } \theta_1 < \theta_2\right)[/math]. However, this is a bit unsatisfying since it means, among other things, that 1 < -1.
15. We need to be careful with our terminology here. The standard order we use with the real numbers is not a well-order, since a well-order requires that any non-empty subset has a least element, which is not true of the reals (consider, for example, the interval (0, 1)). It is, however, a total order. If we assume the axiom of choice, then we have the (logically equivalent) well-ordering theorem, which states that any set can be well-ordered. So while the standard order on the reals is not a well-order, if we assume the axiom of choice, then there does exist a well-order for the reals, as well as a well-order for the complex numbers. Whether the order is meaningful, much less useful, is another story. However, what we can't achieve with the complex numbers is an ordered field structure, since the square of any non-zero element of an ordered field must be positive, but we have i2 = -1. Edit: If we try to order the complex numbers simply according to their magnitude, then we find that infinitely many complex numbers share any given magnitude. Looking at the complex plane, what we see is each magnitude |z| represented by a circle of radius |z|. This is what studiot was saying. So for instance, looking strictly at magnitude, -1 = i = 1 = -i. What we can do in that case is define the equivalence relation ~ such that z1 ~ z2 if |z1| = |z2|. But all we accomplish with that is mapping each equivalence class to a real number, thus it's not exactly a mathematical breakthrough and doesn't really accomplish what we want.
16. Er, DDoS stands for "Distributed Denial of Service." It has nothing to do with DOS the (family of) "Disk Operating System(s)." In any case, yes, it's very easy to launch a DoS attack, and even to write a special program for it. That was my entire point, that being able to DDoS a server requires very little technical know-how, yet attacks on that level are still often referred to as "hacking" by the media. Anyway, as mentioned, it's a bit off-topic, so I won't be saying more about it in this thread. I was simply elaborating on pavel's point in his first post.
17. I'm not sure what you're getting at. LOIC has certainly been used in several high-profile DDoS attacks in recent years (for example, some discussion and links to related news stories can be found here: https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA12-024A).The JavaScript implementation is interesting, but it doesn't support the entire feature set of LOIC itself (which is a Windows desktop application written in C#). In any case, that's a tangent of a tangent. Regarding the actual thread topic, as others have mentioned or alluded to, striking the proper balance between authenticity and entertainment is tricky. The subject in general is probably also a bit esoteric if you're looking for something with mainstream appeal. Then again, 0x10c faced similar issues, and there was some excitement building around it, though it did have the benefit of Markus Persson's name being attached to it. Of course, 0x10c has been put on indefinite hold, but apparently that's due to notch being unsure of where to go with it.
18. The game might be fun, but if it were at all realistic, it would probably have limited appeal. However, if you're learning game design or software engineering generally, it might be a fun side project regardless of its ultimate success. I would have said something similar about Minecraft before its release, though, so eh. You never know what will catch on. As for the term "hacker," pavel was referring to the original meaning detailed here. Of course, particularly clever methods found for breaking security might justifiably be called hacks, but nowadays any 15-year-old who can work out how to install LOIC might be called a "hacker" by the media (including tech-oriented media) as well as by computing enthusiasts in general. I think that particular battle has been lost, anyway, so it's a minor point.
19. Well, as mentioned, there are other structures in which we can assign a solution. But the spirit of the OP seems to be that we want to be able to use x with standard operations in standard arithmetical expressions--that is, in some structure similar to or extending the real numbers, and that's a bit tricky. Imaginary numbers are certainly numbers, and the choice of the term "imaginary" is a bit unfortunate. Complex analysis is one of the most useful branches of mathematics, both in mathematics and elsewhere. We can go even further, into systems like the quaternions and even the octonions, where we have multiple square roots of -1. While we do lose the field structure in these more exotic systems, they still find application in various branches of mathematics and physics.
20. 1. What we mean by that is that in the field of real numbers (that is, the set of all real numbers along with addition and multiplication defined in the usual way), there is no x such that x = x + 1. It's fine syntactically and (I would argue) semantically, but there is no solution to the equation. 2. Infinity isn't undefined, but it also isn't a real number. Thus, as mentioned by studiot earlier, we'd need to move to a structure in which infinity is an element and define addition such that infinity + 1 = infinity. But we still have to be careful about how we operate with infinity. 3. I suppose so. Before zero was considered to be a number, one might have said something like 9 - 9 had no solution, though it'd still be clear that taking 9 parts away from 9 parts would leave no parts. However, using modern mathematics, "inventing" some solution for x = x + 1 would either result in the contradictory statement 0 = 1 or involve giving up the (very useful) field structure of the real numbers. I wouldn't necessarily say the issue is trivial so much as deep enough in the foundations of mathematics that most mathematicians wouldn't worry about it in their day-to-day lives. What a mathematician would say in response to x = x + 1 is that given the standard definitions, there is no solution. If you forced the mathematician to fill in the blank with "The value of x is ______," I would imagine most would say "undefined" as mentioned previously, or perhaps some would say "not a real number."
21. The OP does provide some context. The second equation is shown to result in 0 = 1. Thus, without redefining 0 or 1, the equation is invalid unless we're working in a structure like the zero ring, in which 0 and 1 coincide. But since the equation is listed next to another one which mentions the element "4," I'm assuming we're not working within such a structure. As for the OP's first question, I concur with Strange. The value of x is undefined. For the OP's second question, I'd say that zero can be considered distinct from nothing. For example, the empty set {} is different from the set {0}. Of course, we could also say the first set contains zero elements, but then we're talking about cardinality of the set, rather than about the set itself. The empty set contains nothing, but doesn't contain zero. So in the context of the equations in the OP, in the field of real numbers, the solution set for the first is {0}, whereas the solution set for the second is {}.
22. Definition 1 is the one I've seen most often. Either definition is fine for the time being, though the second definition is only correct assuming the axiom of choice (which is, admittedly, pretty well-accepted these days). To explain further, the first part of definition 2 defines what is called a "Dedekind-infinite" set, and while every Dedekind-infinite set is infinite under Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory, we can prove the converse only if we invoke the AC (well, really just the axiom of countable choice, but eh). That is to say, without AC(ω), we cannot prove that every Dedekind-finite set is finite, so the second part of definition 2 fails.
23. We don't know the limits of technology just yet, and as zapatos says, a few thousand years is nothing compared to the age of the universe. A sufficiently advanced civilization may have accomplished at least one of the following: 1. Overcome the difficulties involved in constructing something akin to an Alcubierre drive. 2. Construct an artificial intelligence or achieve whole brain emulation. 3. Perfect cryopreservation. 4. Avoid senescence and death. Even without any of that: 1. Time dilation renders long (from our perspective) trips at relativistic speeds shorter from the perspective of the traveler. 2. An extraterrestrial's conception and experience of time may differ significantly from ours, such that a few thousand years of travel isn't unreasonable. 3. A spacefaring civilization could be nomadic, living on generation ships or something similar. Of course, depending on their location and remote sensing capabilities, an alien civilization may not even notice our presence, much less decide to pay us a visit; and the probability that they'll randomly stumble upon us seems fairly low.
24. This reasoning doesn't entirely work. If we assume -1 * -1 = -1, then we have -5 * -4 = -20 -5 = -20/-4 = -20 * -1/4 = -5, as expected. As mentioned earlier in the thread, what we do lose by letting -1 * -1 = -1 is the guarantee that certain rules of arithmetic (perhaps most notably, distributivity) extend to the negative numbers. Edit: I actually should note that the entire notion of doing division involves an element having a multiplicative inverse, so my chain of operations doesn't necessarily work here either, since -4 * -1/4 would be -1 not 1. So we'd need to either give up the field structure of the real numbers or redefine multiplication a bit. Either way, this provides another example of why -1 * -1 = 1 is useful.
25. Nothing about this implies that sine is unrelated to the circle. Here's a resource related to the factorization of sine: http://www.ams.org/bookstore/pspdf/gsm-97-prev.pdf, and here's some more general stuff: http://www.math.umn.edu/~garrett/m/complex/hadamard_products.pdf. To get a real understanding of all this, you'll probably want to study some analysis. I know I've enjoyed learning a bit about it in trying to answer your questions, but while I know enough to point in some potentially fruitful directions, I still don't know near enough to provide the clarification you seem to want.
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Buy One Get One FREE | OraMD Extra Strength
4 Benefits Of Filtering The Air In Your Home
Trusted Health Products
Written By Emma Sturgis / Reviewed By Ray Spotts
There are growing concerns about the levels of air quality both outside and inside. Indoor air pollution can be five times that of outdoor air pollution. Since indoor air is not as well circulated as the outside air, many airborne contaminants flourish within.
Air filtration will refresh stale air, minimizing the risk of health conditions caused by indoor contaminants, which can cause respiratory problems, neurological issues, or aggravate asthma symptoms. Quality air filters remove various forms of indoor air contaminants, thus keeping you safe. Let us look at four benefits of filtering your indoor air.
Relieve Asthma Symptoms
Asthmatic individuals have inflamed bronchial tubes. Contaminants such as pollen, dust mites, and pet dander irritate their nasal passages, making breathing impossible.
Throughout the year, several dog and cat species shed. When these pets itch themselves, they scatter a lot of fur and dander into the air. Pollen spores are carried in by the breeze by open windows or stick to your clothing while outdoors. Dust mites, which thrive in humid environments, are the most common indoor air allergens.
The lack of fresh air raises indoor humidity, creating an ideal breeding ground for dust mites. They eat dead skin cells and reproduce rapidly in your couch, bed, and other upholstered furnishings. Air filters have multi-layered meshes that trap these contaminants so you can breathe clean air.
Eliminate Harmful Chemicals Indoors
Closing your house's doors and windows do not prevent external contaminants, including carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide, from entering. These gases are typically found in high-traffic areas and find their way into your house.
Furthermore, many popular cleaning products contain harmful chemicals like chlorine, phthalates, and ammonia. Exposure to these contaminants in small amounts can be harmless, but repeated exposure can cause severe health problems such as tumors, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders. A residential air ionization unit can remove these chemical toxins, reducing the risk of various health issues.
Removes Unpleasant Smells
Some chemicals, like benzene, formaldehyde, and gasoline, degrade at room temperature and emit an odor. These chemicals can be found in aerosol sprays, paints, upholstered furnishings, and air fresheners, among other things. The odor of these chemicals can trigger breathlessness, nausea, and even impair cognitive ability. Air filtration removes all the odors, making your indoor space fresh and clean.
Improves Sleep
Allergens found indoors, such as bacteria, dust mites, and fungi may cause hay fever or asthma. Hay fever is characterized by a runny nose that can last for many weeks. Common allergy signs include constant sneezing, coughing, nasal inflammation, watery eyes, and a sore throat, which can interrupt your sleep. To prevent these sleep interruptions, invest in an air purifier that filters indoor allergens, thus sleeping better.
The demand for air filters has increased due to a shortage of ventilation in households. They reduce the amount of pollution in your indoor air so that you enjoy a clean environment.
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Verity Volumizing Dryer Brush
With Ionic Technology, negative ions saturate the airflow to reduce the size of the water droplets for faster drying. this helps condition, smooth and enhance shine, while reducing frizz and static.
Ceramic Coating help protects hair from over-styling with even heat distribution that penetrates hair quickly from the inside out for less damage while achieving the perfect blow-dry.
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Aerial Overview Surveys
The provincial aerial overview survey is the cornerstone of forest health monitoring in B.C. Like most forested jurisdictions across North America, B.C.’s annual aerial sketch mapping is done to efficiently record the location and severity of forest disturbances that can be seen from the air.
Combined with records from the Canadian Forest Service dating back to 1914, B.C.’s aerial overview survey data provides invaluable historical information on the patterns of disturbance across the provincial forested land base.
Information from aerial overview surveys can be used to help understand the impacts of forest pests or other disturbances, and can help predict how climate change might change the impact of these disturbances in the future.
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Archive for December 1st, 2020
VerseD: Colossians 1:13
Colossians 1:13, ESV
In Christ, we no longer are slave to sin, but we are clothed in the righteousness of Christ and given freedom.
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1920’s vs. 1960’s
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Over the past century, people living in the United States have experienced many changes. As the times change, so do the people. In the 1920’s, people acted differently then compared to the people in the 1960’s. Yet, they both have one thing in common; they shaped our history.
In the 1920’s, about 106,521,537 people inhabited the United States. It was a rough period in our history, with about 2,132,000 people unemployed and murder, swindles, and racketeering as the most popular crimes. The life expectancy of men and women during the 1920’s was 53.6 years and 54.6 years respectively. Amazingly, the illiteracy rate was at a new low of only 6% of the population during this time period. Yet, despite all the aspects, which today we might see as unfavorable, this decade was full of many new and exciting things. From the way they dressed, to the music styles, and finally to the controversial issues, the 1920’s were a nonstop era of change.
Yet, as we move ahead to the 1960’s, life was very different. There were around 177,830,000 people living in the United States. Unfortunately, as the population increased, so did the number of people who were unemployed, which was close to 3,852,000 people. The life expectancy for men and women also increased to 66.6 years and 73.1 years respectively. Yet, unlike the 1920’s, a teacher’s salary at $5,174 became more then the average salary at $4,743. This era was greatly influenced by television and like the 1920’s, people moved away from conservative thinking and onto new revolutionary ways of thinking.
Fashion in the 1920’s for men was much like it was in the early teens. The sacque suite was appropriate day dress and only natural colored shirts were worn with these suits. Shaped silks ties and bowler hats completed this outfit. Knickerbockers, also known as knickers, were very popular form of casual wear, which were usually worn with Norfolk coats or golf coats. It was not until 1925 did baggy pants come into popularity, when Oxford University, banned knickers in the classroom. These baggy pants were loose enough to easily slide over knickers. For the evening, the tailcoat, a started white shirt, and a top hat were worn. Tuxedos were very popular but not yet acceptable. Tightly fitting suits, which were considered an expression for Jazz music, passed in and out of fashion during the 1920’s. These jackets were long and tight-waisted and the trousers were tight and stove-pipe skinny. Women’s fashion in the 1920’s became less formal. Since production methods made production easier, clothing became more affordable. Therefore, the average women’s fashion sense became more sophisticated. Because of strong feminine liberation, the corset was discarded.
The camisole replaced the corset, and in the beginning of the 1920’s, a camisole and bloomers kept a woman decently covered beneath her clothing. For the first time in centuries, women’s legs were seen and a more masculine look became popular, including flattened breasts and hips and a bobbed hairstyle. Simple ensembles, scarves and inexpensive jewelry became popular. The zipper also became a popular item on many clothing items in the 1920’s. Makeup became an important fashion trend due to famous female movie stars. During the 1920’s, waistlines of skirts and pants were at the waist, but were loose and not fitted. Suites and dresses were both worn very loose. In 1924, the waistline eventually fell to the hop but clothes were still worn baggy. In 1925, dresses with no waistlines became popular and in 1928 stiles changed again. Hemlines rose to the knee ad dresses became more fitted.
In the beginning of the 1960’s, men’s fashion usually consisted of a casual plaid and button down shirt with a crew cut as their popular hairstyle. As the decade progressed, there was a great change for men. They began to wear their hair longer and wider, with beards and mustaches. They also began to wear brighter colors, double-breasted suites and turtlenecks. Towards the end of the 1960’s, many men wore patterned ties up to 5 inches wide, even with striped suites. Women in the early 1960’s wore bouffant hairstyles, and like the 1920’s, knee length dresses. However, later in the decade, mini skirts, or hot pants, with go-go boots became popular. These skirts revealed their legs as bodywear revealed their curves. Women’s hairstyles even changed. Women either wore their hair very short or long and lanky. Also, peasant skirts, or granny dresses, and chunky shoes somehow came into fashion during this period of time too. By the end of the decade, unisex dressing was very popular especially with the hippies. Both sexes wore bell-bottom jeans, love beads, and embellished T-shirts. This was also the era of the Afro, which both sexes of African Americans wore.
“There’s nothing surer; the rich get richer and the poor get poorer.” This was considered the beliefs of the roaring 20’s. The Cotton Club was the first club that was opened to both white and black people. Coincidently, it was packed nightly. The 1920’s is known as the Jazz Age. During this time period, the best selling pop hits were sentimental ballads, old-fashioned waltzes, and nonsense songs. In 1925, the Grand Ole Opry was transmitted on radio from Nashville for the first time. People were traveling to more places, which influenced their songs. Many of the songs produced during this period were about places such as the songs “Chicago” and “California Here I Come.”
In the 1960’s, America was ready for a change. Black rhythm and blues known as Motown became popular. Bob Dylan helped bring about a folk music revival during this time also. The Beach Boys came along and their music appealed to high schoolers. At the same time, The Beatles emerged from England with an innovative rock music that appealed to all ages. Unlike the 1920’s, music changed greatly throughout the 1960’s, mostly because of the drug scene. Highly amplified and improvisational music called Acid Rock, and more mellow psychedelic rock gained popularity in the mid 1960’s. In the summer of 1969, the musical phenomenon of the decade was Woodstock. It was a three-day music festival that drew 400,000 hippies and featured peace, love, and happiness… and LSD.
Many controversial issues came about in the 1920’s. Early in the decade, the Nineteenth Amendment was passed and women were allowed to vote in national elections. Prohibition began around this time too. On January 16, 1920, the Volstead Act became effective and this made the sale of a drink containing as much as half an ounce of alcohol illegal. Racial tensions were high during this time and the Klu Klux Klan was very active. By the end of the 1920’s, the New York Stock Exchange was more active then it had ever been. However, on October 24, 1929 the stock market crashed and the nation ended the 1920s in a depression. The 1920s started as an era of happy changes, yet as the decade progressed more changed occurred but not all were for the best.
The issues of the 1960s were not much different. Many of the same issues dealt with race. The Civil Rights movement in the 1960s began peacefully with Martin Luther King Jr. Whites and Jews joined his sit-ins and peaceful protests. Yet, in the 1920s, white and Jews would have never joined such a movement. Also during this time period, Women’s Liberation was born. The 1920s showed some signs of women wanted to gain more rights, but it was not until the 1960s did the questioning of unequal treatment of women come to the attention of the Supreme Court. The Civil Right Act of 1964 was amended to include gender. Abortion and artificial insemination was another controversial issue during the 1960s. However, in 1967 both became legal in some states.
Unlike the years that preceded the 1960s, prayer in public schools became unconstitutional. As the 1960s progressed, respect for authority declined among the youth and crime rates soared to nine times the rate in the 1950s. The hippie movement endorsed drugs, rock music, mystic religions, and sexual freedom. Yet, one of our proudest moments in history occurred in 1961. Alan Shepard was the first American in space. However, two years later in 1963, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated just around the time the Vietnam was started. There was lots of controversy of whether or not the United States should have entered the war. The 1960s ended with turmoil over Vietnam and the role the United States played in it. Many people were disappointed that the United States even got involved. Yet others felt that it was our duty.
The 1920’s were not completely different then the 1960’s. The 1920’s were a period of women rebelling in both their style of dress and their social actions. This era was filled with changes as was the 1960’s. The hippie movement which included drugs and rock and roll did not effect the country as much as some of the things did in the 1920’s, but all the changes that did occur in both eras shaped our history and paved the way for new things to come in the future.
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3d block writing alphabet practice
This is your 'construction circle'. Australia Brazil Canada If more than one word begins with the letter A, we put them in order based on the second letter, and then the third letter, and so on: This provides extra room and can help the student to better distinguish one letter from another.
Feel free to use this page as you wish for personal and educational purposes, and of course use it to inspire your own alphabet designs.
I prefer to have two separate letters since this is a modern alphabet. Just by coloring the letters your child will become more familiar with them. Within hip hop culture, graffiti has evolved alongside hip hop music, b-boying, and other elements.
The whole point is standing out, and there are no rules there. Even though students commonly use graph paper in math class, the square spaces offer an easy-to-follow guide for making properly sized and spaced letters.
A, H More reflected-light highlights on the A. Michael will quickly recognize M while Andrea will recognize the A. Now, for Q, sketch in a small circle towards the bottom right of the letter directly opposite the bottom-right point of the little 'star' you drew in the middle.
If the child is struggling to write the letter on his own, write it for him in the first space on the top row of the graph paper.
Creating the Alphabet with Building Blocks
This will make it easier to figure out where to put your shadows. Shadow size is equal to stroke width. Below you see the whole alphabet.
How to Write Calligraphic 3D Letters + Printable “Cheat Sheets”
Move down a row, and ask him to start over, trying the "A" again. The rest of the details I hope should be obvious from the illustration. In the save the date map below again, featuring Kaitlin Style calligraphyI used shadows to highlight pertinent information.
Effectively, today you will learn about transforming your calligraphy into extraordinary 3D letters. However, I just couldn't find a free bubble alphabet online that I really liked for the site. Erase unwanted lines Erase any unwanted lines and step back and appreciate your composition.
Each column displays a different font style, in this order: To make it a bit easier on myself and anyone else who may be in the same boat, I went ahead and made up some printable free alphabet templates.
You can draw them anywhere with just a pencil, or a biro, and a little colour. Then fill them in with colors or patterns. It was late at night in Photoshop, I was tired, etc etc.
I started with a different way of drawing 'I' which you can see in the illustration above. Within hip hop culture, graffiti has evolved alongside hip hop music, b-boying, and other elements.
Based on D and B, you might think it would make sense to use long, shallow curves to represent the longer straight lines of 'A' and 'H', instead of letting them follow the original fatter curve of the construction circle.
KSB art miniatures How to draw bubble letters Why does a calligrapher need to know how to draw bubble letters. Please don't sell the instructions or images.
7+ Tagging Letters
And they're very simple to decorate. Adobe Acrobat Readers are free to download from the Adobe website. Practice reading sight words and writing alphabet letters with Ollie’s Handwriting & Phonics, a two-in-one app developed by a teacher.
Kids Alphabet Font
Get kids excited about learning sight. Let’s face it, learning 26 letters and their sounds can be a daunting task for young children.
Best Letter Free Brush Downloads from the Brusheezy community.
Printable FREE Alphabet Templates
Letter Free Brushes licensed under creative commons, open source, and more! Typography & Letters Cool Fonts Alphabet Alphabet Letters Design 3d Alphabet Vintage Typography Typography & Design Hand Drawn Typography Letter Fonts TYPOGRAPHY /LOGO Forward The days of trying to draw inspiration from black type on a white background are over, well maybe not if you're stuck in the Little Black Font Book is a.
Aug 06, · Three-dimensional block letters are great for use in headings and title pages and also posters. The key to making them look 3D is to give the impression that light is shining on them and casting a slight shadow%(17). Download alphabet letters stock photos.
3d block writing alphabet practice
Rated 4/5 based on 82 review
Fonts4Teachers | Box Writing Font | 8 Teacher Fonts | ABC Box
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The geological trail to Kobilji curek is distinguished by its exceptional geological diversity, namely six different types of rocks exchange at a short distance. The remains of the Roman barrier wall, a part of the Late Roman barrier system claustra Alpium Iuliarum, make the content more interesting.
6 km
2 h
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Ensemble measurements were performed as previously described (14). In summary, images of eGFP-paxillin marked cells were acquired using a Hamamatsu Orca Flash 4.0 camera and were subsequently corrected for illumination spatial inhomogeneities, background-subtracted, and intensity-normalized. The GFP image was then boxcar-averaged (“moving average v3.1” from MATLAB Central File Exchange) at 10 different rotations of the original image at 20° intervals, thresholded, and segmented using a watershed algorithm. The segmented image was then corrected to combine adjacent islands representing a single adhesion and filtered to exclude islands below a lower limit (0.5 μm2). The segmented GFP image was then used to mask the corresponding FRET signal.
FRET images were converted to FRET index values by dividing the acceptor intensity over the sum of the donor and the acceptor signal. Then, the FRET images were converted to FRET efficiency after correcting to dye labeling efficiency, bleedthrough, the measured no-load FRET efficiency, and the FRET-index measured outside the cell (14). The total integrated traction of a cell was calculated by summing the force contributions (defined as the average pixel value times number of pixels) for pixels within adhesions. For MTSlow or MTSFN9–10, forces corresponding to >7pN were set to 7.1 pN. For MTShigh measurements, calculated forces corresponding to <7 pN were set to 0 pN.
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OLFACTION - Neurophysiology - Physiology 5th Ed.
Physiology 5th Ed.
The chemical senses involve detection of chemical stimuli and transduction of those stimuli into electrical energy that can be transmitted in the nervous system. Olfaction, the sense of smell, is one of the chemical senses. In humans, olfaction is not necessary for survival, yet it improves the quality of life and even protects against hazards.
Anosmia is the absence of the sense of smell, hyposmia is impaired sense of smell, and dysosmia is a distorted sense of smell. Head injury, upper respiratory infections, tumors of the anterior fossa, and exposure to toxic chemicals (which destroy the olfactory epithelium) all can cause olfactory impairment.
Olfactory Epithelium and Receptors
Odorant molecules, which are present in the gas phase, reach the olfactory receptors via the nasal cavity: Air enters the nostril, crosses the nasal cavity, and exits into the nasopharynx. The nasal cavity contains structures called turbinates, some of which are lined with olfactory epithelium containing the olfactory receptor cells. (The remainder of the nasal cavity is lined by respiratory epithelium.) The turbinates act as baffles, causing air flow to become turbulent and, thereby, to reach the upper regions of the nasal cavity.
The olfactory epithelium consists of three cell types: supporting cells, basal cells, and olfactory receptor cells (Fig. 3-25).
Figure 3–25 Olfactory pathways, showing the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb.
image Supporting cells are columnar epithelial cells lined with microvilli at their mucosal border and filled with secretory granules.
image Basal cells are located at the base of the olfactory epithelium and are undifferentiated stem cells that give rise to the olfactory receptor cells. These stem cells undergo mitosis, producing a continuous turnover of receptor cells.
image Olfactory receptor cells, which are also primary afferent neurons, are the site of odorant binding, detection, and transduction. Odorant molecules bind to receptors on the cilia, which extend into the nasal mucosa. Axons from olfactory receptor cells leave the olfactory epithelium and travel centrally to the olfactory bulb. These axons must pass through the cribriform plate at the base of the skull to reach the olfactory bulb. Thus, fractures of the cribriform plate can sever olfactory neurons, leading to olfactory disorders (e.g., anosmia). Olfactory nerve axons are unmyelinated and are among the smallest and slowest fibers in the nervous system (recall the relationships between fiber diameter, myelination, and conduction velocity discussed in Chapter 1).
Because the olfactory receptor cells are also primary afferent neurons, the continuous replacement of receptor cells from basal cells means that there is continuous neurogenesis.
Olfactory Transduction
Transduction in the olfactory system involves the conversion of a chemical signal into an electrical signal that can be transmitted to the CNS. The steps in olfactory transduction are as follows (Fig. 3-26):
Figure 3–26 Steps in olfactory transduction. Circled numbers correspond to steps described in the text. cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate.
1. Odorant molecules bind to specific olfactory receptor proteins located on the cilia of olfactory receptor cells. There are at least 1000 different olfactory receptor proteins (members of the superfamily of G protein–coupled receptors), each encoded by a different gene and each found on a different olfactory receptor cell.
2. The olfactory receptor proteins are coupled to adenylyl cyclase via a G protein called Golf. When the odorant is bound, Golf is activated, which activates adenylyl cyclase.
3. Adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cAMP. Intracellular levels of cAMP increase, which opens cation channels in the cell membrane of the olfactory receptor that are permeable to Na+, K+, and Ca2+.
4. The receptor cell membrane depolarizes (i.e., the membrane potential is driven toward a value in between the equilibrium potentials for the three cations, which is depolarization). This depolarizing receptor potential brings the membrane potential closer to threshold and depolarizes the initial segment of the olfactory nerve axon.
5. Action potentials are then generated and propagated along the olfactory nerve axons toward the olfactory bulb.
Encoding Olfactory Stimuli
It is not known exactly how olfactory stimuli are encoded; that is, how do we recognize the scent of a rose or a gardenia or a special person, and how do we distinguish a rose from a gardenia?
The following information is known: (1) Olfactory receptor proteins are not dedicated to a single odorant, and each protein can respond to a variety of odorants. (2) Still, olfactory receptor proteins are selective, responding to some odorants more than others, and to some not at all. (3) Different olfactory receptor proteins have different responses to the same odorant. For example, receptor protein “A” has a much stronger response to “apple” than does receptor protein “B.” (4) If the response to a given odorant is examined across many receptors, different patterns emerge for different odorants. This is called an across-fiber pattern code. Each odorant produces a unique pattern of activity across a population of receptors, which is projected onto targeted glomeruli in the olfactory bulb (“odor map”). The CNS then interprets these odor maps (e.g., a rose or a gardenia or a special person).
Olfactory Pathways
As noted, olfactory receptor cells are the primary afferent neurons in the olfactory system. Axons from the receptor cells leave the olfactory epithelium, pass through the cribriform plate, and synapse on apical dendrites of mitral cells (the second-order neurons) in the olfactory bulb. These synapses occur in clusters called glomeruli (see Fig. 3-25). In the glomeruli, approximately 1000 olfactory receptor axons converge onto 1 mitral cell. The mitral cells are arranged in a single layer in the olfactory bulb and have lateral dendrites in addition to the apical dendrites. The olfactory bulb also contains granule cells and periglomerular cells (not shown). The granule and periglomerular cells are inhibitory interneurons that make dendrodendritic synapses on neighboring mitral cells. The inhibitory inputs serve a function similar to that of the horizontal cells of the retina and may provide lateral inhibition that “sharpens” the information projected to the CNS.
Mitral cells of the olfactory bulb project to higher centers in the CNS. As the olfactory tract approaches the base of the brain, it divides into two major tracts, a lateral tract and a medial tract. The lateral olfactory tract synapses in the primary olfactory cortex, which includes the prepiriform cortex. The medial olfactory tract projects to the anterior commissure and the contralateral olfactory bulb.
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Capsule Volume, Surface Area and Circumference Calculation
Calculate the Volume, Surface Area and Circumference of capsul.
Radius value (m) :
Side length (m) :
Vol (m3) :
SA (m2) :
CIR (m) :
The capsule is a shape consisting of a cylinder with hemispherical ends means a sphere has been cut in half through its center and combined at both the ends of a cylinder. The radius of sphere and cylinder is same, so we can say a cylinder with two hemispherical caps on either end.
The formula used to calculate volume, surface area and circumference as follows:
Volume (Vol) = πr2((4/3)r + a)
Surface Area (SA) = 2πr(2r + a)
Circumference (CIR) = 2πr
Where r is radius and a is side length.
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ACCT 4250 - Advanced Cost Accounting
Advanced Cost Accounting topics include: Budgeting (both Static and Flexible), Strategic Pricing and Cost Measurement, Strategic Performance Measurement, Service and Split-off cost allocation, Responsibility Accounting, and Measuring and Assigning Costs for Income Statements.
Upon successful completion of the course students will be able to:
1. Determine the cost of goods and services using activity-based costing with multiple cost pools
2. Differentiate between absorption and variable (direct) costing and explain how management can use each to manage production
3. Apply accounting techniques to allocate support department common cost to a product or service
4. Apply accounting techniques to allocate costs to joint products and byproducts
5. Account for spoilage, rework, and scrap in the production of goods
6. Describe techniques used in inventory management including economic order quantity, just-in-time, and simplified costing methods
7. Employ various capital budgeting techniques to allocate scarce capital resources among investment opportunities
8. Use transfer prices to assure decentralized management is acting in the best interests of the company as a whole
Credit Hours
Business Administration
• ACCT 3280 Minimum Grade: C or ACT 315 Minimum Grade: C
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What is a Bonus Section?
A Bonus Section will allows users to create a scoring section that can reward agents for going beyond the standard guidelines to ensure a customer is happy.
Points rewarded in a Bonus Section can exceed the maximum points or percentage allowed for the rubric.
In comparison, a Standard Section can be assigned point values that constantly increase the maximum value of the rubric.
Example of a Total Point Rubric with a Bonus Section
Let's take a look at this example Total Point Rubric:
Maximum Points
Grammar and Tone
Product Knowledge
Problem Solving
Privacy and Security
Above and Beyond (Bonus Section)
The maximum score for this rubric (35) is calculated by adding the maximum points of non-bonus sections.
This maximum score is calculated as follows:
• Maximum Score = Grammar and Tone + Product Knowledge + Problem Solving + Privacy and Security
Let's say an agent goes far and beyond for a customer. As a reward, the grader wants to provide bonus points to show that the agent has done a great job.
This grader would reward the maximum bonus points (2).
As a result, instead of just receiving 35/35 (or 100%) QA Score, 35/35 the agent now has a 37/35 (or ~105%) QA Score.
Did this answer your question?
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Safety Fundamentals in Power Plants
This interactive training unit is designed to familiarize trainees with various types of hazards that may exist in a power plant. After completing this unit, the trainees should be able to identify common types of mechanical and electrical hazards, temperature and pressure hazards, and fire and chemical hazards. They should also be able to describe devices and techniques that can be used to prevent or minimize these hazards.
Duration: 2 hours
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6.14: 21st Century Tsunami
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• Why should you pay attention in school?
Eleven-year-old Tilly Smith and her family were walking along the beach in Phuket, Thailand, on December 26, 2004. Tilly noticed that the sea was bubbling. She thought this was like a video she'd seen in geography class two weeks earlier. The English schoolgirl insisted to her parents that a tsunami was coming. Her warning saved the approximately 100 tourists and civilians who were on that beach.
Earthquakes can cause tsunamis. These deadly ocean waves may result from any shock to ocean water. A shock could be a meteorite impact, landslide, or a nuclear explosion. But most come from large underwater earthquakes.
An underwater earthquake creates a tsunami this way: the movement of the crust displaces water. The displacement forms a set of waves. The waves travel at jet speed through the ocean. Since the waves have low amplitudes and long wavelengths, they are unnoticed in deep water. As the waves reach shore they compress. They are also pushed upward by the shore. For these reasons, tsunamis can grow to enormous wave heights. Tsunami waves can cause tremendous destruction and loss of life. Fortunately, few undersea earthquakes generate tsunamis.
The Boxing Day Tsunami, 2004
The Boxing Day Tsunami struck on December 26, 2004. The tsunami was caused by one of the largest earthquakes ever recorded. The Indian Ocean Earthquake registered magnitude 9.1. The quake struck near Sumatra, Indonesia, where the Indian plate is subducting beneath the Burma plate. It released about 550 million times the energy of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima.
Several tsunami waves were created. The waves went around the Indian Ocean and struck eight countries (Figure below).
Map of the area hit by the Boxing Day Tsunami
Travel time map for the Boxing Day Tsunami (in hours). Countries near red, orange, and yellow areas were affected the most.
About 230,000 people died. More than 1.2 million people lost their homes. Many more lost their way of making a living. Fishermen lost their boats, and businesspeople lost their restaurants and shops. Many marine animals washed onshore, including dolphins, turtles, and sharks.
Japan Tsunami, 2011
Japan received a one-two punch in March 2011. The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake offshore was a magnitude 9.0, and damage from the quake was extensive. The earthquake generated massive tsunami waves which hit the island nation. Waves in some regions topped 9 meters (27 feet).
The tsunami did much more damage than the massive earthquake. In the photo of Sendai (Figure below), the black smoke is coming from an oil refinery. The refinery was set on fire due to the earthquake. The tsunami prevented efforts to extinguish the fire for several days.
Damage caused by the 2011 earthquake and tsunami
An aerial view shows the damage to Sendai, Japan caused by the earthquake and tsunami.
Worst of all was the damage done to nuclear power plants along the northeastern coast. Eleven reactors were automatically shut down. Power and backup power were lost at the Fukushima plant. This lead to equipment failures, meltdowns, and the release of radioactive materials. Cleanup of the disabled plants will go on for many years.
Tsunami Warning Systems
Most of the Indian Ocean tragedy could have been avoided if a warning system had been in place (Figure below). As of June 2006, the Indian Ocean now has a warning system. Communities around the Pacific have had a tsunami warning system since 1948.
Picture of a tsunami warning sign
This sign is part of the tsunami warning system used in communities around the Pacific Ocean since 1948.
As in Japan, warning systems aren’t always helpful. People in communities very close to the earthquake do not have enough time to move out of the area. Farther away from the quake, evacuation of low-lying areas saves lives.
• Tsunamis have relatively low amplitude and long wavelengths. They are not noticeable until they move up a shore.
• Tsunami warning systems are now found in most locations where tsunamis are possible.
• The Boxing Day Tsunami of 2004 came from a massive earthquake. The waves traveled across the Indian Ocean, causing death and destruction in 12 nations.
• In Japan, the tsunami struck very quickly after the 9.0 earthquake in the subduction zone offshore. Many more people died from the tsunami than the quake.
1. How can a wave that is so powerful and tall on land be unnoticeable at sea?
2. How does an earthquake generate a tsunami?
3. Why did the Boxing Day Tsunami cause so much damage all around the Indian Ocean basin?
4. Why do you think there was more damage from the tsunami in Japan than from the earthquake that caused it?
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There is an Autoscaler component in Maestro that starts with each watcher. It follows the scheduler autoscaling configuration present in the configuration YAML of each scheduler.
Upscaling and downscaling are handled separately and each accepts a list of triggers. These triggers contain all the configuration details that the watchers need to trigger autoscaling when necessary.
The full autoscaling flow is represented below: Autoscaling flowflow
Notice that the order of the triggers in the lists is important as autoscaler will look until the first trigger that matches the actual conditions.
Each trigger is composed by the following elements:
1. type
2. usage
3. threshold
4. time
5. limit
Can be room, cpu or mem by default.
• room: Scales using the percentage of rooms that are occupied. For upscaling, if more than x% rooms are occupied. For downscaling, if less than x% rooms are occupied. In this case, the number of rooms to scale is given by the following formula:
roomsOccupied / ( totalRooms + delta ) = targetUsage / 100
delta = int( Round( (roomsOccupied * 100 - targetUsage * totalRooms) / targetUsage ) )
• cpu and mem(memory): Scales with the percentage of resources usage per pods. Resource usage is calculated using kubernetes metrics api to get raw usage values and kubernetes client-go to get containers requests values. In this case, the number of rooms to scale is given by the following formula:
currentUsage = sum( PodsContainersResourceRawUsage ) / sum( PodsContainersResourceRequests )
usageRatio = currentUtilization / targetUsage
targetNumberOfRooms = int( ceil( usageRatio * totalRooms ) )
delta = targetNumberOfRooms - totalRooms
It is the target usage in percentage. It is different for up and downscaling and configured via scheduler YAML.
When the watcher checks state, the autoscaler saves the current usage registered in a redis set. It is called point. For a scale to take place, a percentage of the total amount of points considered must be greater(up trigger) or less(down trigger) than the target usage specified. This percentage is defined by threshold.
This is the duration of seconds to wait before triggering a scaling. Time / ( watcher autoScalingPeriod ) gives us the total amount of points that will be considered to define if a scaling need to take place.
It defines a percentage of usage that triggers scaling even if in cooldown period.
It is the period to wait before running another scaling if it is needed. Cooldown is defined for both up and downscaling.
Min and Max
These are hard caps for the total number of rooms (ready, occupied and creating) that can exist simultaneously. If Max is set to 0, it means that the scheduler can scale up indefinitely.
Panic Scale
A panic scale happens when a new room is set to occupied and the percentage of occupied rooms is above the limit so it triggers a scale up.
This behaviour is deprecated and disabled by default but can be enabled with enablePanicScale flag.
Containers resources requests. It is required to define these values in order to use resource triggers(cpu and memory)
Example autoscaling yaml config:
memory: 1Gi
cpu: 1000m
min: 100 # minimum amount of GRUs
max: 1000 # maximum amount of GRUs
metricsTrigger: # Autoscaling respect the order of the triggers. The first that matches will autoscale
- type: room # can be room, cpu or memory
threshold: 80 # percentage of the points that are above 'usage' needed to trigger scale up
usage: 70 # minimum usage (percentage) that can trigger the scaling policy
time: 600 # duration in seconds to wait before scaling policy takes place
- type: mem
threshold: 80
usage: 70
time: 600
cooldown: 300 # duration in seconds to wait before consecutive scaling
- type: cpu
threshold: 80
usage: 50
time: 900
cooldown: 300
Creating new autoscaler policies(types)
In order to implement a new autoscaler type, it is required to implement the autoscaler interface:
type AutoScalingPolicy interface {
CalculateDelta(trigger *models.ScalingPolicyMetricsTrigger, roomCount *models.RoomsStatusCount) int
GetCurrentUtilization(roomCount *models.RoomsStatusCount) float32
You can find the policies on autoscaler package directory. Then add the new policy to the autoscaler map of policies in the autoscaler instantiation function:
func NewAutoScaler(schedulerName string, usageDataSource ...interface{}) *AutoScaler {
return &AutoScaler{
AutoScalingPoliciesMap: map[models.AutoScalingPolicyType]AutoScalingPolicy{
// legacyPolicy
models.LegacyAutoScalingPolicyType: newLegacyUsagePolicy(),
// roomUsagePolicy
models.RoomAutoScalingPolicyType: newRoomUsagePolicy(),
// cpuUsagePolicy
models.CPUAutoScalingPolicyType: newCPUUsagePolicy(
// memUsagePolicy
models.MemAutoScalingPolicyType: newMemUsagePolicy(
// newTypeUsagePolicy
models.NewTypeAutoScalingPolicyType: newNewTypeUsagePolicy(
// Optional dataSources
And create the new type constant on autoscaler model:
type AutoScalingPolicyType string
const (
// LegacyAutoScalingPolicyType defines legacy usage autoscaling policy type
LegacyAutoScalingPolicyType AutoScalingPolicyType = "legacy"
// RoomAutoScalingPolicyType defines room usage autoscaling policy type
RoomAutoScalingPolicyType AutoScalingPolicyType = "room"
// CPUAutoScalingPolicyType defines CPU usage autoscaling policy type
CPUAutoScalingPolicyType AutoScalingPolicyType = "cpu"
// MemAutoScalingPolicyType defines memory usage autoscaling policy type
MemAutoScalingPolicyType AutoScalingPolicyType = "mem"
// NewType defines a new usage autoscaling policy type
NewTypeAutoScalingPolicyType AutoScalingPolicyType = "newType"
After that, you can start using your new type on scheduler config:
- type: newType
threshold: 80
usage: 50
time: 900
limit: 90
cooldown: 300
Best Practices
Maestro upscale can take some time. Hence, it’s recommended to use a little lower upscale usage configuration (e.g. 60) to have a good number of unoccupied rooms, in case of a huge load of matches.
For downscaling configuration, it’s recommended to use a value lower than the upscaling usage (e.g. 50), in order to prevent an upscaling/downscaling cycle that can keep the scheduler locked for updates.
Access Peaks
When you expect a great income of matches, it’s recommended to pre-scale the scheduler by increasing the minimum number of rooms in the scheduler and minimize eventual problems due to slow scales.
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Everything about hire someone for programming assignment
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This letter written to Fannie Kirby’s aunt includes a part of a letter to her sister.The portion of the letter written to her aunt Ida deals with Fannie's desire to leave her current location with Bob.
This is a letter from Laura Kirby to her uncle Millard Fillmore Kirby, and his wife. Laura talks about the farm they live on, and how her brother and father are making hay in the fields. Laura mentions that she was very saddened by the news that her…
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Voco Remin Pro
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Subduction zones, where tectonic plates are recycled back into the mantle as in the Cascadia margin of the Pacific Northwest of the United States, host the largest earthquakes and give rise to significant hazard through ground shaking, landslides, and tsunami. This project seeks to better utilize existing geophysical and geological observations from important “natural laboratories” (Cascadia, Japan and New Zealand) by merging them more fully into new, comparative computer models of system behavior.
Developing new modeling software and integrating constraints is expected to lead to new insights into the physics of subduction zone earthquakes, what observations imply for future earthquakes, and, importantly, which observations are needed to improve our understanding of subduction zone hazards and how to reduce uncertainties about system behavior. The project will involve international collaborations, leverage past investments, and will contribute to defining future, optimal observational strategies. An interdisciplinary workforce of students and post-docs will be trained through research and educational efforts, and all project software, tutorials and “cookbooks” for subduction earthquake modeling will be shared with the community, contributing to advancing computational geoscience approaches in general. A program for precollege, undergrad, and early grad students will be developed to emphasize computational geoscience as an avenue to enhance diversity in the geosciences.
Sources: Dal Zilio et al. (2018), A. Holt (pers. comm.), Johnson and Tebo (2018), Mavrommatis et al. (2014), S. Puel (pers. comm.), Tao et al. (2018), Ulrich et al. (2019), Wallace et al. (2017)
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Falafel Fun Facts!
When you think of Middle Eastern dishes and delicious street foods, Falafel is without a doubt the most renowned Middle Eastern food, and people across all borders love it.
So, what goes into making the dish loved by all? It is prepared by soaking chickpeas overnight and then grinding them down. Authentic Middle Eastern spices, garlic, parsley and coriander are added to this mixture, rolled into patties or small balls, and then deep fried. They are commonly served with tahini dip, pita bread and pickled vegetables. It can be eaten as Mezze (an appetizer) or can be wrapped in warm pita bread along with pickled vegetables, toum and fries.
Falafels are simple, tasty and affordable - no wonder they are the most popular street food around the world. However, when it comes to the origins of Falafel, these savory bites are not immune to the pitfalls of history. Due to its global popularity, many Middle Eastern regions want a bite of its fame and many claim to be its inventors.
The Falafel origin story
Since every Middle Eastern region has its own unique culture, own tastes and different agricultural practices, it can be a bit difficult to determine which region this appetizing street food has come from.
Some say the word Falafel could come from the Arabic word falāfil, a plural of the word filfil, meaning “long pepper.” Others suggest that the name comes from the Egyptian word “ful”, meaning fava beans, as it is believed that the first Falafels were made using fava beans.
This dish could have its origins in Egypt, and could have possible influences from Indian dishes. According to legends, the fava bean version of the Falafel was first eaten by an indigenous tribe in Egypt known as Copts in the early 4th century.
Since Alexandria is a port city in Egypt, it could be possible that the dish was exported to different regions in the Middle East. Falafels eventually migrated to Levant, where fava beans were replaced by chickpeas.
Another theory suggests that its invention took place in India, around the 19th century. It was around this time that the dish started appearing in many Egyptian literature books, right after the British occupation in 1882. Based on this theory, when British officers were in India, they enjoyed fried vegetable patties. So, when they came to Egypt, they asked the cooks to serve a version of it with local ingredients.
Making its Way to Different Parts of the World
Around the 1950s, Yemeni Jews in the Middle East made Falafel popular as they started serving them with pita bread. Since the recipe was easy to prepare, Falafel quickly became a common street food in Israel and other regions of the Middle East.
By the 1960s, a wave of immigration reached distant shores, and Falafel made its way to European countries like Germany. Many Turkish food stalls made the dish available to Germans.
In the 1970s, Falafel made its way to the US and slowly to other parts of the world. Now it's an integral part of street foods across the globe, and it’s hard to think of a time when it was anything other.
A vegetarian delight
As a delicious alternative to meat-based street foods, Falafel has become increasingly popular among vegans and vegetarians. It is packed with protein, fibers, and nutrients like iron, potassium, zinc, and calcium. Falafel’s versatility has allowed for recipes to be reinvented in many parts of the world.
For instance, in the USA, many restaurants serve the vegetarian version of spaghetti and meatballs, where the meatballs are replaced by Falafels. Similarly, you can find Falafel variants of meatloaf and burgers.
Introducing the McFalafel! Have you heard of it?
Falafel has become so popular that even McDonald’s in Sweden is serving its first vegetarian Happy Meal, which features Falafels made with chickpeas, parsley, garlic, and cumin. McFalafel was initially launched in Israel but due to some controversy, they ended up removing it from their menu. As of 2021, McDonald’s is now planning to bring back the McFalafel to its Israeli branches.
The Great Big Falafel!
On 31st May 2019, the chefs from Hilton Dead Sea Resort & Spa in Jordan prepared a Falafel weighing 101.5 kg.
However, the largest serving was a record-breaking 5,173 kgs. It was prepared by students of Al-Kafaat University who were guided by the famous Chef Ramzi Choueiri in Lebanon on 9th May 2010. It was served on a large ceramic plate which had a diameter of 7.17 m.
We hope you have enjoyed reading this blog and have gained some interesting information on Falafel. If you are tempted to order some delicious Falafels, then place your order from Toum. Known for preparing authentic Middle Eastern delicacies, Toum believes in providing a unique food experience through its cuisine and irreplaceable tastes.
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A Quick Tour of VR
In 1966, Ivan Sutherland, a pioneer in the then-new field of computer graphics, began working on a device he had designed that would allow people to interact with computers in a unique way. The device, nicknamed the Sword of Damocles, hung from the ceiling on a pivoting metal post and sat like a helmet on a computer researcher’s head. Using a set of glass prisms and two small video monitors, the mechanism reflected computer-generated images of objects such as wire-frame boxes into the user’s eyes. Each monitor displayed a slightly different image of the object; the brain combined these images into one seemingly three-dimensional form floating in midair.
Even more remarkably, the device—called a head-mounted display, or HMD—displayed different views of the three-dimensional object as the user’s head moved. Sensors attached to the HMD constantly monitored which way the user was looking, allowing him to observe the object from many angles. As primitive and as cumbersome as it was (to wear the HMD, its users had to strap it on like a football helmet and stay within the reach of the support rod), Sutherland’s device was the first major step toward the technology that would become virtual reality.
Until the late 1960s, most computers were chunky, gray behemoths that took up entire rooms; they were so expensive that only governments, universities, and large corporations could afford them. These computers were complicated machines to use. People programmed these computers using punched cards or punch tape—strips of thin cardboard or paper with patterns of holes that formed a code computer could read—or keyboards and switches that were part of a central control desk. Results usually were printed out on Teletypes or electric typewriters wired to the computer and sometimes were in a different code that only computer experts could decipher.
Virtual reality came into being in the mid-to-late 1980s, following decades of research into ways to remove the hardware wall between computer users and computer data. With all the senses that human beings have, some computer researchers thought, why should people be limited to using mainly a keyboard, a video screen, and (starting in the 1980s) a mouse to handle data? Realizing there was no good answer to this question, the researchers began to develop computer systems that allowed people not just to process data but to play with it.
The computer scientists who set out to mimic the physical world soon realized that their goal would not be an easy one to reach. Tricking the brain into accepting a computerized world as real is a complicated process. Human beings experience the world in three dimensions: vertical (up and down), horizontal (left and right), and depth (near and far). The key to mimicking the physical world lies in replicating the third dimension, the one that conveys a sense of depth. For the most part, three-dimensional, or 3-D, perception involves three of the five senses—vision, hearing, and touch. In humans, sight is the most heavily used sense, and it is the sense used most to perceive the 3-D world. People see in three dimensions using binocular parallax. Binocular means “two-eyed,” and parallax refers to the way objects seem to change shape when viewed from different angles. Because the eyes are separated by about 6.5 centimeters, or a little over two and a half inches, each eye views the world at a slightly different angle from the other. These images overlap in the vision-processing area of the brain, which merges the signals coming from each eye into a single
three-dimensional picture.
Hearing, the second-most heavily used sense people have, also gives people clues about the three-dimensional world. Upon hearing a noise, most people can tell from which direction it is coming and roughly judge the distance to its source. Indeed, some people who were born blind or who have lost their sight can navigate through a room by listening to the way sound echoes from objects around them. Many VR systems have achieved a great deal of success in mimicking the appearance of 3-D environments simply by combining audio and visual effects. Even some strictly two-dimensional multimedia systems— computers that contain compact disk (CD) players, sophisticated sound effect generators, and high-quality video monitors—are able to give users a feeling of being thrust into the third dimension.
The sense of touch backs up the sight-and-sound world picture with information about weight, shape, hardness, and other details that fix objects in all three dimensions. Touch-oriented, or haptic, devices— ones that vibrate, slow down, or otherwise convey a sense of how objects feel—are becoming a big part of many computer simulations.
4 Virtual Reality
They even play a role in non-VR computing, such as computer mice that provide touch effects when pointers glide over on-screen buttons or Internet links.
Smell and taste are far more difficult to simulate. Unlike the other three senses, smell and taste involve the analysis of chemicals that flow into the body from outside, a phenomenon that cannot be reproduced with clever electronic or mechanical tools. No chemicals, no odor; no chemicals, no flavor. Researchers have been experimenting with devices that can generate odors to accompany computer displays, and a few have been successful enough to make the leap from laboratory to the commercial market. Taste has posed an even greater problem, though, and is not likely to become a part of the human-computer interface anytime soon.
One of Ivan Sutherland’s students tests out the Sword of Damocles head-mounted display Suther-land built in the 1960s. The two prisms in front of the student’s eyes reflected computer images from the cylin-drical cathode-ray tubes.
(University of Utah/Evans & Sutherland Computer Corp.)
Virtual Reality: Simulating and Enhancing the World With Computers (Science and Technology in Focus) (2003)
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Telephone Interview Questions for Child Care Centers
Name of center: ______________________________________
Phone number: _______________________________________
Address: ____________________________________________
Tell the person answering the phone your name and the age of the child needing care. Ask if he or she has time to answer a few questions. If not, ask when it would be a good time to call back. phone
1. Do you have any openings? If not, do you anticipate having openings in the near future?
2. Is the center licensed? By whom?
3. What is the cost per week? $ What does this include? (e.g., snacks, meals, diapers)
4. Are there any extra costs?
5. Is transportation available? To and from what locations?
6. What days and hours is care available?
7. Does the center close for vacations, holidays, staff training, or other reasons?
8. Is sick care available? What are the policies regarding sick children?
9. How many children in each group?
10. How many caregivers for each group? (See Section 2 for recommended staff/child ratios)
11. What is the total number of caregivers in the center?
12. How many caregivers have left the center during the past year?
13. What are the education and training requirements for the caregivers?
14. What meals are served?
15. Is there a safe outside play area?
16. What are some sample activities that my child would be involved in?
17. How does the center communicate the curriculum to the parents?
18. Is there a weekly and/or daily written plan available to parents?
19. Does the center provide written policies?
20. Are parents permitted to visit their children unannounced at any time during the day?
Add other questions you may have.
If the basic information sounds like it will meet your needs, ask when you can visit. Be sure to make your appointment for a time the children will be present. Are the sounds in the background O.K., i.e., are many children crying in the background?
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Convert Kelvins [K] to other units of temperature
Kelvins [K] temperature conversions
2 673.15 K = 2 400 degrees Celsius K to °C
2 673.15 K = 4 352 degrees Fahrenheit K to °F
2 673.15 K = 4 811.67 degrees Rankine K to °R
2 673.15 K = 1 267.5 degrees Romer K to °Rø
Convert entered temperature to units of energy.
Foods, Nutrients and Calories
UNCURED PEPPERONI CALZONES, PEPPERONI, UPC: 037363987174 contain(s) 137 calories per 100 grams (≈3.53 ounces) [ price ]
83319 foods that contain Vitamin A, IU. List of these foods starting with the highest contents of Vitamin A, IU and the lowest contents of Vitamin A, IU
Gravels, Substances and Oils
Titanium(IV) oxide (rutile) [TiO2 or O2Ti] weighs 4 240 kg/m³ (264.69455 lb/ft³) [ weight to volume | volume to weight | price | mole to volume and weight | mass and molar concentration | density ]
Weights and Measurements
A pascal is a metric measurement unit of pressure which serves as the base SI unit of pressure
oz/mm² to kg/mm² conversion table, oz/mm² to kg/mm² unit converter or convert between all units of surface density measurement.
Volume of a sphere calculator with surface area to volume ratio
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AUTHOR=Castro Patricia, Vadera Shree, Bancroft Matthew James, Buttell Joseph, Kaski Diego TITLE=Case Report: Acute Onset Fear of Falling and Treatment With “Cognitive Physical Therapy” JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neurology VOLUME=12 YEAR=2021 URL= DOI=10.3389/fneur.2021.707840 ISSN=1664-2295 ABSTRACT=Fear of falling (FoF) is prevalent in older adults, especially those with previous falls, and typically starts insidiously. We present a 78-year-old woman with an abrupt onset FoF and no history of falls, balance problems, vertigo, oscillopsia, psychiatric or psychological issues to account for this. These cognitive changes led to a behavioural alteration of her gait that became slow and wide-based, with her gaze fixed on the floor. She began a tailored program of “Cognitive Physical Therapy (CPT)” combining cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and physical rehabilitation. 1 month later her 6 m walk time and steps were reduced by a 25 and 35%, respectively, and the stride length increased by 34%, with further improvement 2 months later. We postulate that the abrupt onset of symptoms triggered a central shift toward postural hypervigilance and anxiety, suppression of anticipatory (feed forward) postural adjustments (APA) leading to FoF. CPT improved objective gait parameters related to FoF and reduced postural anxiety suggesting that early diagnosis and prompt treatment may avoid chronic symptoms and social isolation.
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Periodic Classification of Elements
• Last Updated : 02 Dec, 2021
The modern periodic table is based on Mendeleev’s periodic law and the periodic table. Mendeleev created his periodic table in the late 18th century. Scientists had no clue regarding the interior structure of the atom at the time. The advancement of quantum theory and the development of various atomic models revealed that the atomic number is the most fundamental property of a chemical element. This resulted in the modification of Mendeleev’s periodic law, now known as modern periodic law. Periodic law in modern times can be stated as follows:
Elements’ physical and chemical properties are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.
The atomic number is equal to the number of electrons or protons in a neutral atom. Scientists now had a clear understanding of quantum numbers and the electronic configuration of elements in the periodic table after learning about the fundamental unit of elements. After learning about the periodic law, chemists noticed an analogy between the 94 naturally occurring chemical elements. This analogy piqued people’s interest in the chemistry of these elements. Scientists created a variety of artificial elements. A new periodic chart based on modern periodic law was constructed by altering Mendeleev’s periodic table.
Need for the Periodic Classification of Elements
Elements are the basic units that make up all matter in our surroundings. Earlier, only 31 chemical elements were discovered in 1800. Around 63 new elements were discovered in 1865. This necessitated the periodic classification of elements. There are presently 118 elements that we are aware of. Humans are responsible for the creation of some of the 118 chemical elements.
Classification of the Elements in the Periodic Table:
The elements in the periodic table can be classified in four ways based on their electronic configurations:
• Noble gas elements: Noble gases are elements in the modern periodic table’s group 18. The electronic configuration of this group’s first element (helium) is 1s2. The rest of the elements (neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon) have an ns2 np6 outer shell electronic configuration. Since the octet of these elements is complete, they are extremely stable.
• Representative elements: S-block and p-block elements are examples of representative elements. The elements in groups 1 and 2 are referred to as s – block elements (elements with 1s2 and 2s2 outermost configuration). Group 13-17 are known as the p-block elements (outermost configuration varies from ns2 np1 to ns2 np5).
• Transition elements: Transition elements are elements that belong to groups 3 to 12 and have an outer shell electronic configuration of (n-1)d1-10 ns1-2. These elements are also referred to as d-block elements.
• Inner transition elements: The inner transition elements are the lanthanides and actinides series, which are found at the bottom of the periodic table. The 4f and 5f orbitals are partially filled in these elements, giving them unique properties.
History of the Periodic Table
The modern periodic table, which we are studying today, was invented by Dmitri Mendeleev. Mendeleev, however, was not the first to group and arrange the elements in the form of a periodic table. The following are a few attempts to classify elements prior to the discovery of the modern periodic table. Antoine Lavoisier was the first to classify elements according to their properties in 1789. He classified the elements into four groups: gases, nonmetals, metals, and earthly elements.
Döbereiner attempted to group elements in 1829. He classified elements into triads based on their chemical properties. The atomic weight of the middle element in the triad is roughly equal to the average of the atomic weights of the first and third elements. This can also aid in the definition of the properties of the middle element. For example, lithium, sodium, and potassium. The law of triads did not succeed because Döbereiner failed to classify all known elements into triads.
In 1865, John Newland arranged the elements in ascending atomic weight order. In the arrangement, he discovered a periodic pattern. He demonstrated that the eighth element’s physical and chemical properties are similar to those of the first element in that row. Newlands’ generalization is known as the Law of Octaves. Mendeleev did not classify the elements based on their atomic masses until 1869 when he organised them into horizontal rows called periods and vertical columns called groups. According to the periodic law, the properties of elements are a periodic function of their relative atomic masses. Mendeleev was successful in arranging all 63 known elements at the time into a tabular form with eight columns and seven rows. It also had some gaps that were later filled after new elements were discovered.
Mendeleev was successful in classifying elements and demonstrating their periodic similarity. However, the arrangement had a few flaws that were later discovered by the English physicist Henry Moseley. Henry Moseley demonstrated that the atomic number, not the atomic mass, determines the chemical and physical properties of elements. He restated the periodic law as follows: An element’s physical and chemical properties are a periodic function of its atomic number. Moseley’s periodic law, also known as the Modern Periodic Law, laid the groundwork for the modern periodic table.
Modern Periodic Table
We currently use the modern periodic table of elements. It is based on Mendeleev’s periodic table concept, but the elements are arranged in increasing order of atomic number rather than atomic mass.
Features of Modern Periodic Table
• Elements are arranged in ascending order of their atomic number.
• There are seven horizontal rows referred to as periods and eighteen vertical columns referred to as groups.
• Because they have the same number of outer electrons, elements in a group have similar physical and chemical properties. They do, however, show a gradual change as we progress from top to bottom in a group.
• Moving from left to right, the elements in a period exhibit a gradual change in properties. As we move from left to right, the atomic size decreases gradually.
• When compared to Mendeleev’s periodic table, the modern periodic table contains more elements. It currently has 118 elements.
Classification of Elements in the Periodic Table
Following are the major classification of elements in the modern periodic table-
1. Alkali and Alkaline Earth metals: The first two groups on the periodic table’s left side are made up of highly reactive elements (except hydrogen). The valence shell of the first group elements contains one electron, while the valence shell of the second group elements contains two electrons.
2. Transition metals: These elements are located in the centre of the periodic table and primarily exhibit metal-like properties. Transition metals are elements ranging from group 3 to group 12. At the bottom of the periodic table, several transition metals are grouped together in two rows. These are referred to as Lanthanides and Actinides.
3. Metalloids and non-metals: Metalloids are typically found in a diagonal line on the periodic table’s right side. These are the elements that separate metals on the left side of the periodic table from non-metals on the right. Because these elements have properties of both metals and nonmetals, they are referred to as metalloids.
4. Noble gases: Gases occupy the extreme right side of the periodic table. They belong to the 18th group and have fully filled valence shells. These non-reactive gases are known as inert or noble gases.
Sample Questions
Question 1: Who gave the modern periodic law?
Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer independently established the periodic law in 1869. Mendeleev created the first periodic table, which was quickly followed by Meyer. Each grouped the elements based on their mass and proposed that those properties reoccur on a regular basis.
Question 2: How do periodic trends relate to periodic law?
Periodic trends are common patterns in the periodic table that show us different aspects of an element such as electronegativity, atomic radius, and ionizing power. The periodic law states that certain properties of elements occur on a regular basis when they are grouped by atomic number.
Question 3: Is atomic mass a periodic property?
Nuclear mass falls from top to bottom and always increases from left to right. As the atomic number has been developed as the basis for organizing the elements on the periodic table, the atomic number will always increase from left to right and top to bottom.
Question 4: Which is relative periodic property?
During a given period, the valence shell electrical configuration of any two elements is not the same. As a result, elements have different chemical properties over time, with a periodic gradation from left to right for their physical properties. This is known as the periodic property.
Question 5: What trends in electronegativity can be seen in the modern periodic table of elements?
The electronegativity of elements increases across a period (row) and decreases down a group in the modern periodic table (column). As a result, the element with the lowest electronegativity (francium) is predicted to have the lowest electronegativity, while the element with the highest electronegativity (fluorine) is predicted to have the highest. Because noble gases are relatively inert, they are not considered).
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Quick Answer: What Is A Child Theme WordPress?
What is the purpose of using a child theme in WordPress?
What is: Child Theme. A child theme in WordPress is a sub theme that inherits all the functionality, features, and style of its parent theme. Child themes are a safe way to modify a WordPress theme without actually making any changes to the parent theme’s files.
How do I use a child theme in WordPress?
To use your child theme, return to your WordPress dashboard and go to the Appearance > Themes tab. Inside, there should be one theme without a featured image — your child theme. Click on the Activate button next to the theme’s name and open your website as you normally would.
What is the difference between WordPress theme and child theme?
A WordPress child theme is a WordPress theme that inherits its functionality from another WordPress theme, the parent theme. A child theme in WordPress would inherit all the functionality, features, and the code of the parent theme without making any changes to the parent theme itself.
You might be interested: Often asked: How To Build A Landing Page Wordpress?
Why do you need a child theme?
Child Themes are used when customization to function and/or style of the parent theme is required. Well, I do not use a Child Theme on every site, and these are some of the reasons why. 1) They are not always required. Remember, they are only required if need to modify theme code and/or files.
Should I create a child theme WordPress?
A WordPress child theme is a theme that works in tandem with another one (called the parent theme) from which it inherits all the functionality and styling. Development best practices recommend using child themes to edit, update, or customize exiting WordPress themes as a safe way to maintain their design and code.
Where is the child theme in WordPress?
Like any theme, child themes are located in wp-content/themes in your WordPress installation. So, navigate there now and create a new folder for your child theme. A best practice is to give your theme’s folder the same name as the parent theme and append it with -child.
What is difference between parent theme and child theme?
A child theme may only contain one style. css file and a few lines of CSS which change the appearance of the parent theme whereas a parent theme contains a complete file structure with templates and a fully coded style sheet. You can easily modify your website using child themes without ever changing the parent theme.
What is parent and child theme in WordPress?
A child theme is an add-on for your existing WordPress theme A child theme, as defined by the WordPress Codex, is a theme that “inherits the functionality and styling of another theme, called the parent theme.” Child themes are recommended to modify existing themes while still maintaining their design and code.
You might be interested: Quick Answer: How To Use Wordpress Rest Api?
How do I manually create a WordPress child theme?
Navigate to public_html -> wp-content -> themes folder. Create a New Folder by clicking its icon on the upper menu. Enter your child theme’s name and click Create. It’s recommended to use the parent theme’s name followed by a -child suffix.
How do you create a child theme?
How to Create a Child Theme #
1. Create a child theme folder # Create a child theme folder.
2. Create a stylesheet: style. css #
3. Enqueue stylesheet # Enqueue stylesheet.
4. Install child theme # Install child theme.
5. Activate child theme # Activate child theme.
6. Post Formats #
7. RTL Support #
8. Internationalization #
How do I make a child theme for OceanWP?
Go to Theme Panel > Import/Export and export your settings in a. dat file and save on your computer. 2. Install and activate the OceanWP Child Theme.
What is WordPress parent theme?
A parent theme in WordPress is a theme that is declared parent by a another theme, child theme. The parent/child theme functionality allows users to easily upgrade their themes without worrying about losing any custom styling that they have added to their site.
Should I make a child theme?
Do I need to install a child theme?
Before making changes to the theme code, we recommend that you install a child theme. This ensures that your changes won’t be lost when updating to a new version of Make.
What is a child theme in Divi?
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
eXeLearning[1] is a free / libre software tool under GPL-2 that can be used to create educational interactive web content.
eXeLearning can generate interactive contents in XHTML or HTML5 format. It allows you to create easily navigable web pages including text, images, interactive activities, image galleries or multimedia clips.
All the educational materials generated with eXeLearning can be exported in different digital formats (SCORM 1.2, SCORM 2004, IMS, EPUB3, XLIFF,...) to be used independently or to integrate them into a LMS (Learning Management System) like Moodle.
External links[edit]
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Mount Berit
30 km north of the Elbistan District of Kahramanmaras is the highest peak of Mount Berit on the southwest at 3,014 meters high. This mountain is north of Süleymanlı (Zeytun) and Ilıca falls to the side. Taurus is a part of the ‘folded’ mountains. The structure of Berit Mountain consists of layers from the the Paleozoic Age. In the slope facing north of the mountain, in the places facing the peak, there are ice troughs from the ice age. The slopes Mount Berit are wooded. There is also a crater lake that produces sulfur gas on Berit Mountain.
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The “Brilliance” of Creativity: Young artist with autism designs new 88Nine t-shirt
88Nine Radio Milwaukee has a membership drive each spring, with the most tangible highlight being an exclusive t-shirt designed by local artists for new members. The station collaborated with Islands of Brilliance for 2019’s iconic creation.
Membership Manager Maggie Corry works with local artists each year to produce a new member t-shirt, and selected design must achieve three objectives: 1. Create something special for contributing members to thank them for their support, 2. Capture the “feel” and brand of Radio Milwaukee, and 3. Allow the artists to express their individual vision and interpretation of what Radio Milwaukee means to them.
“I’m always impressed with the final product, but this spring I’m particularly excited about our shirt. The process, and ultimately the design, epitomizes the spirit of collaboration, community-building, and creativity that make me proud to be a Radio Milwaukee employee and a contributing member,” said Corry. “This spring we partnered with Islands of Brilliance (IOB), a Milwaukee nonprofit that builds programs and learning experiences developed specifically for children and young adults on the autism spectrum, to design our exclusive shirt.”
Islands of Brilliance (IOB) utilizes project-based learning and one-on-one mentorship with students to grow their intrinsic capabilities and practice communication, increasing their likelihood of independence as adults. IOB students also leave with intangibles that are far broader and important, like a collaborative experience, sharing and presentation opportunities, conversation, friendship, and a sense of accomplishment.
The design selected for 2019 features original typography using instruments and audio equipment, and was created by an IOB student named Garrett. He is passionate about music and thrilled to be able to work on a project for 88Nine. He plays piano and composes his own musical arrangements, and his favorite place to hang out in Milwaukee is the Art Museum.
Garrett loves his time at Islands of Brilliance because he learns a lot, gets to work on fun projects, and can hang out with great people. To integrate IOB’s program and the design needs from 88Nine, co-founders Mark and Margaret Fairbanks created a very structured and detailed process.
EXPLORATORY: Nine IOB students toured Radio Milwaukee to learn about the organization, ask questions about the listening and membership audience and brainstorm potential themes for their design.
DESIGN: Students drafted their designs, initially sketching their rough ideas, then building out the more detailed design using Adobe Photoshop or Illustrator software.
PRESENTATION: Each of the students presented their designs to their IOB peers and design mentors, discussing their inspiration and process.
SELECTION: A group of Radio Milwaukee employees had the difficult task of choosing the final design from the nine students, ranging from characterizations of iconic Milwaukee destinations, to cartoon self-portraits, to reimagined maps.
FINAL: Based on Garrett’s hand-sketched design, 88Nine provided critique and revisions to meet their production needs, and the final product was born.
One question posed during the exploratory phase was, how do you want your new members to feel when they get their shirt?
“I hope our members who contribute and receive this shirt feel like they made an impact, feel inspired by Garrett’s design and know that Radio Milwaukee is so very, very grateful for their support,” added Corry.
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15 Oct
Indoor plants can be a perfect way of decorating your house or your house. This is because indoor plants enhance your mood, and they usually brighten your day. Picking the right plants for your home or the office depends on your unique taste. There are different varieties that you can choose from it comes to picking the right indoor plants. When you are caring for your indoor plants, the methods that you use are different from the ones you use for your outdoor plants. Every plant indeed requires sunlight. However, there are those plants that need more sunlight than others. If you do not have space where your plants can get sunlight, then find those plants that do well in the shade, and they will not need direct sunlight. To learn more about Bloomspace , hit this link now.
For those plants that do not need direct sunlight, they can still do better if placed in a bright room, or you can place them near the window that gets bright sunlight for several hours. The indoor plants will start to tilt towards where the sun is, or they will grow fuller on the side where the plants face the sun. You can rotate the pot to ensure that the entire plant will grow at the same rate and in a straight direction.
There are some points that you need to consider so that you can pick the right indoor plants and also care for them. Consider the moisture. Different species of plants will need different moisture levels; therefore, you should be careful so that you do not underwater or over water the indoor plants. You need to understand the requirement for each plant and ensure that you check the soil by touching it before you can water the plants. Ensure that you do not leave your plants in saturated soil. For more useful information, click here.
The soil mixture is essential. Choosing the right potting soil, that is meant explicitly for house plants. The soil that you use for your house plants is not the same that is around your home, because it is formulated so that it can provide enough nutrients for the plants, the soil will be good for supporting, aeration and then drainage for the indoor plants. There are indoor plants that do better when their roots can breathe more. Ensure that you have the right temperature for your indoor plants. Most of the indoor plants that are sold are specifically chosen to survive within a certain range of temperatures. Choose properly depending on where you want to place the indoor plants and read the instruction carefully.
Try also to read this related article about indoor plants -https://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/2017/06/28/why-having-indoor-plants-can-be-good-for-your-business_a_23007387/
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Create and edit topics in your Power Virtual Agents bot
Select the version of Power Virtual Agents you're using here:
In Power Virtual Agents, a topic defines a how a bot conversation plays out.
You can author topics by customizing provided templates, create new topics from scratch, or get suggestions from existing help sites.
A topic has trigger phrases—these are phrases, keywords, or questions that a user is likely to type that is related to a specific issue —and conversation nodes—these are what you use to define how a bot should respond and what it should do.
The AI uses natural language understanding to parse what a customer actually types and find the most appropriate trigger phrase or node.
For example, a user might type "Open hours" into your bot—the AI will be able to match that to the Store hours topic and begin a conversation that asks which store the customer is interested in, and then display the hours the store is open.
You can see how the bot conversation works in practice by testing it in the Test bot pane. This lets you fine-tune the topic until you are ready to deploy it without having to exit the Power Virtual Agents portal.
For bot and topic limits, see the Quotas, limits, and configuration values topic.
Learn more about what you can do with Power Virtual Agents.
Use system and sample topics
When you create a bot, a number of topics will be automatically created for you.
Four lesson topics and a number of system topics are in the Topics list.
These topics fall into two categories:
• Four prepopulated User Topics that are titled as lessons. These lesson topics can be used to help understand simple to complex ways of using nodes to create bot conversations. You can edit these topics in the same manner as for topics you create. You can also choose to delete them entirely.
• A number of System Topics. These are prepopulated topics that you are likely to need during a bot conversation. You can't delete, disable, or edit the trigger phrases of these topics, but you can customize the nodes on the authoring canvas. We recommend not customizing these topics until you are comfortable with creating an end-to-end bot conversation.
Create a topic
1. Go to the Topics tab on the side navigation pane to open the topics page.
Select Topics on the side navigation menu.
2. On the topics page, select New topic.
Select New topic at the top of the Topics page.
3. Specify a name, description, and one or more trigger phrases for the topic.
A trigger phrase is a phrase that a customer enters in the chat window to start a conversation with the bot. Once the conversation is started, the conversation follows the path you define. You can specify more than one trigger phrase for a topic. You can include punctuation in a trigger phrase, but it is best to use short phrases rather than long sentences.
The Topic details page contains a name, description, and trigger phrases.
4. Select Save topic to add the topic to the topics list.
Design the topic's conversation path
1. In the topic details for the topic you want to edit, select Go to authoring canvas.
The Go to authoring canvas is to the side of the trigger phrases.
2. Power Virtual Agents opens the topic in the authoring canvas and displays the topic's trigger phrases. The authoring canvas is where you define the conversation path between a customer and the bot.
3. For existing or system topics, a number of nodes will automatically be created. You can edit these nodes just as you can for other nodes.
4. When you create a new topic, a Trigger phrases node and a blank Message node are inserted for you.
5. You can add additional nodes by selecting the Plus (+) icon on the line or branch between or after a node.
Screenshot of adding a node.
6. You can also move or change the paths between a node by clicking and dragging the node anchor, which looks like a small circle on top of the node. When dragging, you'll see a dotted line indicating the original path. You can also double-click the anchor and then select the new place for the anchor (you won't see a dotted line).
Screenshot of moving a node's anchor.
Insert nodes
When adding a node, you can choose from several options. Each option has a specific node or nodes that will be inserted into the conversation path.
When adding a node after the Trigger Phrases node, or between Message nodes, you can:
• Ask a question
• Call an action
• Show a message
• Go to another topic
Add nodes between existing nodes from the options.
After the last node, you can also:
• End the conversation
Additionally, you can Add a condition when inserting a node after a Question node.
Ask a question:
1. To have the bot ask a question and get a response from the user, select + to add a node, and then Ask a question to add a new Question node.
Add a new question mode.
2. Enter the question phrase in the first text box, Ask a question.
3. You can choose from several options for the user's response in the Identify field.
These options determine what the bot should be listening for in the user's response.
For example, they could be multiple choice options, a number, or a specific string.
To understand more about the different options in this flyout, see Use entities in a conversation.
4. Depending on what you choose in the Identify field, you can enter what options the user should have.
For example, if you select Multiple choice options, you can then enter the options the user can specify in the Options for user field. Each option is presented as a multiple choice button to the user, but users can also type in their answer in the bot.
The conversation editor creates separate paths in the conversation, depending on the customer's response. The conversation path leads the customer to the appropriate resolution for each user response. You can add additional nodes to create branching logic, and specify what the bot should respond with for each variable.
5. You can save the user response in a variable to be used later.
You can define synonyms for each option. This can help the bot to determine the correct option in case it isn't clear what the user's response should be mapped to.
1. Select the menu icon on the top of the Question node, and then select Options for user.
Select options for users.
2. Select the Synonyms icon for the option you want to add additional keywords to.
Select the synonyms icon.
3. Add the keywords individually, and then once you're done, select Done to return to the Authoring canvas.
Call an action
You can call Power Automate Flows and insert authentication nodes by selecting Call an action.
If you have configured hand off to Omnichannel with voice-based capabilities, you'll also see additional actions.
Show a message
1. To specify a response from the bot, select + to add a node, and then Show a message to add a new Message node.
2. Enter what you want the bot to say in the text box. You can apply some basic formatting, such as bold, italics, and numbering.
You can also use variables that you have defined elsewhere in your bot conversation.
Redirect to another topic
1. To automatically have the bot move to a separate topic, select + to add a node, and then Redirect to another topic.
2. In the flyout menu, select the topic the bot should divert to. For example, you might want to send the user to a specific topic about the closure of a store if they ask about store hours for that store.
Redirect to another topic node with options for other topics.
When you insert a link to redirect to another topic, the bot will go through the conversation path for that topic.
You can consider the redirected topic as a "subtopic".
In the authoring canvas for the original topic, you can insert additional nodes under the subtopic's node.
When the path for the subtopic is finished, the bot will return to the original topic. The bot will then follow the nodes that are under the subtopic's node.
Screenshot of the authoring canvas showing nodes under a redirected topic node.
If you redirect to any of the following system topics, however, the entire conversation will end:
• End of Conversation
• Confirmed Success
• Confirmed Failure
• Goodbye
• Escalate
• Start over (this will also reset any global variables)
Passing variables between topics
When redirecting to other topics, you might want to pass values into variables in the destination topic or get variables back from it. This is especially useful when you already have information that the topic needs and don’t want to have the user answer the question again to obtain the information. This can also be helpful when refactoring and separating your topics into reusable components, and you want to pass variables across the topics.
For more information on using variables generally within Power Virtual Agents, see Use variables.
Variables of type Custom Entity, Date Time, and Duration can't be passed between topics.
Receive values from other topics
When a topic defines a variable (for example, by a question node), the end user talking to the bot will be asked the question to fill in the variable’s value. If the value has already been acquired by the bot, there is no reason to ask the question again. For these cases, this variable can be defined as Receive vales from other topics. When other topics redirect to this topic, it can then pass a variable (or literal values) into this variable, and it will skip the question altogether. This leads to a seamless experience for the end user talking to the bot.
To receive values from other topics, set the variable's property:
1. In the Question node, select the variable that you want to receive values from other topics.
2. In the Variables properties pane, under Topic (limited scope) select Receive values from other topics.
Screenshot of the authoring canvas showing variable properties pane with receive values selected.
3. Save the topic.
4. Go to the other topic which you want to redirect to, and follow the steps in Redirect to another topic to redirect to the correct topic.
5. Select + Add input for destination topic.
Screenshot of the authoring canvas showing adding input for destination topic.
6. Select the desired variable from the redirected topic that you want to pass the variable to.
Screenshot of the authoring canvas showing selection of the variable from the redirected topic.
7. Under Enter or select a value, select the variable from the current topic that you want to pass into the redirected topic.
Screenshot of the authoring canvas showing selection of variable from the list of options.
8. Once selected, the variable will be shown in the redirected node.
Screenshot of the authoring canvas showing the variable being passed into the redirect node.
Return values to original topics
When a topic asks a question (or otherwise obtains a variable from an action), this variable can be returned to the original topic that redirected to it.
In this case, the variable also becomes part of the original topic and can be used as any other variable. This helps you construct the topic so that information obtained by the bot is used across topics. This also reduces the need for global variables.
To return a variable to the original topic, set the variable's property:
2. In the Variables properties pane, under Topic (limited scope) select Return values to original topics.
Screenshot of the authoring canvas showing variable properties pane with return values selected.
3. Save the topic.
5. The variable that's being returned to the topic is shown in the redirected topic.
6. Use the returned variable in your topic.
Screenshot of the authoring canvas showing redirect topic with both values input and returned.
Using the variables pane
You can also use the Variables pane to select the receive or return status of multiple variables at once:
1. On the topic's menu bar, select Variables.
Screenshot of the authoring canvas showing the variables pane icon.
2. Select whether you want the values to be passed in or out (or both) between topics for each of the variables in the topic.
Screenshot of the authoring canvas showing variable pane with two variables and a combination of input and output selected.
Using literal values on variable inputs
When passing a variable into a topic, you can also pass in literal values instead of a variable. Type the value intended to be passed in directly into the redirect node input.
To pass a literal value, type the value you want to use as the input instead of selecting a variable.
Screenshot of the authoring canvas showing literal input on an input variable in a redirect note
End the conversation
When you end the conversation, you can have a survey appear that asks the user if their question or issue was answered or resolved correctly. This information is collected under the customer satisfaction analytics page.
You can also have the conversation handed over to a live agent if you're using a suitable customer service portal, such as Omnichannel for Customer Service.
1. At the end of a response that resolves the user's issue or answers the question, select End the conversation.
End the conversation.
2. To end with a customer satisfaction survey, select End with survey.
End with survey.
3. Select Transfer To Agent to insert a hand-off node that will link with your configured hand-off product. You can also enter a private message to the agent.
Transfer To Agent.
Add a condition
1. To add branching logic based on variables, select + to add a node, and then Add a condition and Branch based on a condition.
2. Choose the variable you want to use to determine if the bot conversation should branch at this point. For example, if you have set up end-user authentication, then you might want to specify a different message if the user is signed on (which may have happened earlier in the conversation).
Choose a variable.
Delete nodes
1. Select the menu icon on the top of the node's title.
2. Select Delete.
Select the menu icon and then the delete button.
Test and publish your bot
Test your bot when you make changes to your topics, to ensure everything is working as expected.
Once you've finished designing and testing your bot, you can consider publishing it to the web, mobile or native apps, or Microsoft Bot Framework channels.
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An obelisk is a tapering tower that appears as a tall and thin column with a pyramid at its top. Hundreds of obelisks are scattered on this planet, left behind as reminders of ancient cultures that once flourished across the Earth.
Many early humans revered the obelisk’s design as a tribute to deities that controlled the sun. Even in modern times, humans have continued to construct these pillars as symbols of victories and accomplishments. The tallest modern obelisk is the Washington Monument in the United States, which stands over 555 feet tall.
In Illuminati symbolism, the obelisk signifies accomplishments and success. Early obelisks were constructed from a single stone that required immeasurable effort to carve, polish, and craft into a perfect tower. But even though the names of the builders have been lost to history, the results of their efforts have continued to stand for thousands of years. Through its physical representation of a singular unit, an obelisk represents the enormous power that hides behind the daily decisions made by every human — even if they are never aware of the effects of their choices or of the victories that are theirs to claim.
The obelisk represents the ability of every person to dedicate their efforts to the advancement of humanity and to leave behind a positive mark on society that will continue to stand as a guidepost for their descendants.
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Explore Courses Blog Tutorials Interview Questions
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in AI and Deep Learning by (50.2k points)
Can anyone tell me what is environment in Artificial Intelligence?
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The environment in AI is everything that surrounds the agent but not the agent itself. The environment in which an AI functions can be considered as the entity that the agent used to make sense of things around it to eventually act upon things that can be used to effectively solve a problem. Based on the AI system, an agent can have the ability to either partially observe the surrounding environment or fully understand the same by keeping a track of the history and using the data it has learned from to assess the changes around it. In the case of sequential environments, the AI agent uses its memory to analyze past actions to directly determine the next suitable actions it has to take. A stochastic environment on the other hand is random in nature and it cannot be determined effectively by the agent.
If you are looking for an online course to learn Artificial Intelligence, check out this Artificial Intelligence Course by Intellipaat.
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Science 2022-01-21T23:43:51Z
Saturn's 'Death Star' moon may have a secret ocean, revealing a new category of worlds that could host alien life
One of Saturn's smallest moons wasn't a candidate for alien life. But if Mimas has an ocean, it could point to a new class of "stealth" water worlds.
Science 2022-01-08T12:31:00Z
Hyped up 'moon cube' discovered by Chinese rover turns out to be a rabbit-shaped rock
China's Yutu-2 rover, on the far side of the moon, drove towards the "mysterious hut" for a better look. It's not an alien structure.
Tech 2021-12-24T11:53:52Z
SpaceX sent Tide detergent to astronauts on the ISS so they can figure out how to do laundry for long-haul trips to Mars
Astronauts on the ISS can't do laundry, and get 160 pounds of clothing per crew member shipped up to them each year.
Science 2021-12-06T21:58:59Z
Mesmerizing photos of this year's only total solar eclipse show a rare crescent sunrise over Antarctica
Photographers shot photos of a crescent sun rising and a dark moon blocking its light, during the only total solar eclipse of 2021, in Antarctica.
Space 2021-11-17T13:35:30Z
NASA and SpaceX's plan to land humans on the moon could be delayed 'several years' after 2024, the space agency's watchdog says
SpaceX's Starship spaceship and NASA's new spacesuits still need to be developed and tested, per the Office of the Inspector General's report.
Science 2021-11-15T16:03:35Z
The longest lunar eclipse this century will happen early Friday morning. Here's how to see it.
All but 3% of the moon will be obscured by Earth's shadow around 4 a.m. Eastern Time on Friday. It's the longest lunar eclipse of the 21st century.
Science 2021-10-23T10:33:00Z
Photos and video show how NASA stacked its next moon rocket taller than the Statue of Liberty
NASA's Space Launch System is finally standing tall at the Kennedy Space Center, after years of delays.
Science 2021-10-21T18:09:17Z
China brought the first moon rocks back to Earth in 45 years. They hint at mysterious volcanic eruptions.
China brought the first moon samples to Earth since 1976. They're lava remnants from a mysterious volcanic eruption 2 billion years ago.
Science 2021-10-17T13:20:16Z
NASA is studying how to build a Wi-Fi network on the moon in the hope it could solve Earth's digital divide
A NASA study explores the idea of a lunar Wi-Fi network to help fix inadequate internet services in American cities, including Cleveland, Ohio.
Science 2021-09-21T19:50:44Z
NASA is sending a water-hunting lunar rover to a shadowy crater on the moon's south pole
NASA's VIPER rover will descend into permanently shadowed craters on the moon's south pole, where temperatures are nearly -400 Fahrenheit.
Tech 2021-09-15T10:20:42Z
NASA awards SpaceX, Blue Origin, and 3 other companies $146 million in contracts to make moon lander designs
Both Elon Musk's SpaceX and Jeff Bezos' Blue Origin will design moon landers that NASA can use to regularly send astronauts to the moon.
Tech 2021-09-05T10:38:01Z
Blue Origin's lawsuit against NASA and SpaceX delayed again as the DOJ struggled to add page numbers to 1,700 documents before a deadline
The US government on Friday sought a second extension to share 1,700 case documents, saying that adding page numbers took "longer than anticipated."
Space 2021-08-28T10:32:35Z
Blue Origin's lawsuit against the US government is being delayed for a week, partly because the DOJ had trouble converting documents into PDFs
Uploading large batches "brings additional opportunity for the system to crash," DOJ lawyers said in response to data related to Blue Origin's suit.
Tech 2021-08-15T11:15:00Z
Here's why government officials rejected Jeff Bezos' claims of 'unfair' treatment and awarded a NASA contract to SpaceX over Blue Origin
SpaceX beat Blue Origin at every level of NASA's analysis. Here's a few highlights from the point-by-point takedown of Jeff Bezos' complaints.
Space 2021-08-15T09:50:35Z
Elon Musk says SpaceX's moon lander will probably be ready before 2024, as NASA pays $300 million toward Artemis contract
SpaceX founder Elon Musk said his company's lunar lander is expected to be ready before 2024, marking the billionaire's latest upbeat prediction.
Tech 2021-08-12T16:22:37Z
Elon Musk mocks Blue Origin's moon lander after the company argued against SpaceX winning a $2.9 billion NASA contract
SpaceX CEO Musk tweeted a photo of Blue Origin's lunar lander with its middle section seemingly deflated. "Somehow, this wasn't convincing," he said.
Science 2021-08-06T01:23:13Z
Blue Origin has a new publicity strategy: Posting salty graphics that trash competitors like SpaceX and Virgin Galactic
NASA snubbed Blue Origin's lunar lander in favor of SpaceX's Starship to return astronauts to the moon. Jeff Bezos's company gave a fiery response.
Science 2021-07-23T00:36:30Z
NASA's InSight Mars lander just gave scientists an unprecedented look at the guts of the red planet. Here's how they compare to Earth's.
By analyzing a dozen quakes, NASA's InSight lander has helped scientists estimate the size and make-up of Mars's core, mantle, and crust.
Science 2021-07-23T00:21:53Z
Wildfire smoke could turn this weekend's full Buck Moon an ominous blood red
This false blood moon won't turn red because of a lunar eclipse. It's because wildfire smoke is filling skies across the continent.
Tech 2021-07-22T09:29:01Z
Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk both want to colonize space. Here are the 6 biggest problems with their plans, from thinning bones to toxic plants on Mars.
Three experts told Insider about the scientific, medical, and ethical challenges of Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos' ambitions to colonize space
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Python Series
Covered by:
Prakash, En Hao (Python 101)
Prakash, Jia Er (Advanced Python)
Unlike previous years, we opted for a two session Python Series, to facilitate in-depth learning of the Python language this year.
The first of the two sessions, Python101, served as an introductory session to coding with Python. It was a code-along session where students had hands-on experience at the basics of Python coding. We also introduced time-series analysis, where students were able to apply the basics they learnt previously, and analyse various observations across regular time intervals. It was very well-received by the students, and we hope to explore it further, in the future as well.
The second session, Advanced Python, was more on data analysis using Python, applied to real life data. We covered Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) using the seaborn library, where students were able to visualise and compare various trends and patterns in the data, which can be used to make important conclusions.
Afterwards, we covered a new concept, Market Basket Analysis(MBA). Using Python, we found various co-occurrences in the selected data frame, and used it to make various forecasting decisions. Although MBA required a certain background and knowledge on statistics, which not all our participants had, we tried to make it easy to understand and less complicated to help students with no statistical background. Through this, we wanted to show the importance of statistics in data analysis using Python, which was one of the key skills required in data analytics.
The Apriori Algorithm a classic algorithm useful in mining frequent itemsets and relevant association rules
Feel free to browse about what we’ve done in our previous SQL workshops in 2019 here as well!
Not forgetting our Machine Learning series, something that’s newly introduced this year in 2020! Click here to find out what we did!
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Home General What is the biggest relationship between language and literature?
What is the biggest relationship between language and literature?
What is the biggest relationship between language and literature?
Language is medium of communication. If we talk about literature, it adds something in the beauty of language. Literature developes the interest of reading. Throughout the medium of poem or drama or other form of literature generally writers intended to pass message.
How is literature important in language learning?
Literature is generally used in English Language Teaching (ELT) for the development of knowledge about the language. It helps the learners to get familiar with the socio-political backgrounds of target language society and also makes them understand how communication takes place in a particular community.
What are the qualities of the language of literature?
Characteristics of Literary Language :
• Formal Language :
• Eloquence :
• Rhetoric :
• Imagination :
• Area of Communication :
• Source of Creation :
• Objective :
• Emotions :
How do we create literature?
Write a Literature Review
1. Narrow your topic and select papers accordingly.
2. Search for literature.
3. Read the selected articles thoroughly and evaluate them.
4. Organize the selected papers by looking for patterns and by developing subtopics.
5. Develop a thesis or purpose statement.
6. Write the paper.
7. Review your work.
Why we need to study the literature?
When students study Literature, they learn to appreciate words and their power. They travel to other realms and times through the texts they read. They understand about their own culture and others’. Importantly, they learn to consider multiple perspectives and understand the complexity of human nature.
Also Read: Is exact part of Foschini?
What are the characteristics of popular literature?
Popular literature is fiction that does not deal with abstract problems; it takes moral principles as the given, accepting certain generalized, common-sense ideas and values as its base. (Common-sense values and conventional values are not the same thing; the first can be justified rationally, the second cannot.
What do you think makes a good literature review?
A good literature review will not only summarize the information, but also point out weaknesses in the experimental procedures as well as possible theoretical conflicts. It builds on the current knowledge by identifying gaps in the available literature and suggesting future directions for research.
What are the objectives of literature review?
The purpose of a literature review is to gain an understanding of the existing research and debates relevant to a particular topic or area of study, and to present that knowledge in the form of a written report. Conducting a literature review helps you build your knowledge in your field.
Why is it important to read and understand research literature?
Even without the opportunity to perform such techniques, students gain familiarity with skills involved. Numerous studies have proven that reading and analyzing primary literature improves scientific literacy, critical thinking abilities, and knowledge of scientific facts.
Why is it important to disseminate research findings?
Why is dissemination important? Creating a sound dissemination strategy for a research project will lead to increased awareness of the research and, therefore, maximize the impact that the research can have in improving the health outcomes of the patients that will benefit from it.
Also Read: Is a gorilla an omnivore?
What are the important parts of a thesis?
The following order is required for components of your thesis or dissertation:
• Title Page.
• Copyright Page.
• Abstract.
• Dedication, Acknowledgements, and Preface (each optional)
• Table of Contents, with page numbers.
• List of Tables, List of Figures, or List of Illustrations, with titles and page numbers (if applicable)
How do you read and understand research?
Step-by-Step Instructions for Reading a Primary Research Article
1. Begin by reading the introduction, not the abstract.
2. Identify the big question.
3. Summarize the background in five sentences or less.
4. Identify the specific question(s).
5. Identify the approach.
6. Read the methods section.
7. Read the results section.
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Spectroscopy Sheds Light on Current Conducting Bacteria
Spectroscopy Sheds Light on Current Conducting Bacteria
Spectroscopy Sheds Light on Current Conducting Bacteria
Spectroscopy Sheds Light on Current Conducting Bacteria
Hundreds of cable bacteria emerge out of the sediment at the bottom of the image and crawl outwards, hoping to find oxygen. Credit: Aarhus University.
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Together with colleagues from the Netherlands and Austria, researchers from Aarhus University have used laser-spectrometry as an advanced voltmeter to follow electrons through cable bacteria over millimetre-long distances; distances that are a thousand times longer than previously measured in any living organism.
Using their measurements, the researchers can also calculate the voltage loss through an individual cable bacterium (approx. 12-14 millivolts per mm), and thus also calculate how far down into the oxygen-free seabed they can reach without losing their ability to conduct electricity:
"They’ll be in trouble, if they stretch further than 3 cm downwards into the sediment. In principle, the individual bacteria can be longer than 3 cm, but then they must meander up and down, so that they alternate between the oxygen-rich and oxygen-free environments in the sediment," explains Professor Andreas Schramm from the Center for Electromicrobiology (CEM) at Aarhus University.
A muddy picture
The CEM basic research centre was set up in 2017 to find answers to some of the questions that mushroomed after the discovery of these living electrical cables in the seabed under the Aarhus Bugt seven years ago.
How can a living biological structure act as an efficient electrical conductor? How does the cable bacterium distribute energy between cells? And how do they use the energy?
At that time, researchers literally only had a muddy picture of what was going on in these long, thin bacteria. The bacteria transport electrons from the oxygen-free mud a couple of centimetres down in the seabed to the oxygen-rich mud and silt on the surface, making it possible for them to eat with one end and breathe with the other.
... is made clearer with laser light
After having brought live cable bacteria under the microscope and exposed them to resonance Raman spectroscopy, the research group has come closer to one of the answers. Their results are published in the scientific journal PNAS on May 7th.
Raman spectroscopy, illuminates molecules with laser light. The frequency distribution of the scattered light makes it possible to read the energy level of the molecules.
“In this context, we have used the instrument as an advanced voltmeter, that we have targeted towards a specific type of proteins, cytochromes, in the cables,” said first author of the publication, Jesper T. Bjerg, PhD student at Aarhus University.”
Electricity cut
The head of CEM, Professor Lars Peter Nielsen, explains.
"All living cells move electrons around and try to park them in so-called cytochromes. The more free parking spaces there are, the higher the electrical potential. With our advanced voltmeter, we have now measured the available parking spaces and thus the electrical potential of each cytochrome along the wires of individual cable bacteria, while these wires conduct electrons from one end of the bacteria to the other. Our measurements showed the lowest potential in the cells at the end where electrons from the food source were being loaded, and the highest potential at the opposite end, where the electrons were being unloaded to oxygen."
In a part of the study, the researchers cut off the upper end of the bacteria (i.e. the end that transfers electrons to the oxygen in the water) with a laser. This led to a rapid decline in the electrical potential in the remaining part of the bacteria, indicating that the parking spaces in the cytochromes were filled with electrons that could not get any further because of the electricity cut.
"This is the first time that electron transport has been demonstrated in individual cable bacteria. At the same time, we have used a well-established method, so now there is no way for the researchers who have been hesitant to understand and accept our initial measurements with unconventional methods in opaque mud columns,” said Lars Peter Nielsen.
This article has been republished from materials provided by Aarhus University. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.
Long-distance electron transport in individual, living cable bacteria. Jesper T. Bjerg, Henricus T. S. Boschker, Steffen Larsen, David Berry, Markus Schmid, Diego Millo, Paula Tataru, Filip J. R. Meysman, Michael Wagner, Lars Peter Nielsen, and Andreas Schramm. PNAS May 7, 2018. 201800367; published ahead of print May 7, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1800367115.
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Are all bubbles colorful?
Are all bubbles colorful?
Water with a small coating of soap on either side creates bubbles. White light combines all of the colors of light. When light strikes on a bubble, it bounces around the layers, some of which reflect back to our sight. The colors you obtain are determined by the thickness of the water. If the water is thick enough for only certain wavelengths of light to pass through, then only those colors will be visible.
Bubbles are simply spheres of vapor that float in a liquid. A bubble's color depends on how much light is reflected into your eye when you look at it. If the bubble is thin enough so that all colours of light can get through it, then it will appear white to you. If it only lets red or blue light through, then it will appear colored that way too. But if you blow up a bubble so that it becomes thicker than what you see with the naked eye, then it will no longer reflect any colors at all.
The more soap you use when washing your hands, the smaller the bubbles will be and the less likely they are to be colored. This is because soap eats away at the surface of the water causing it to become more turbulent and thus reducing the amount of light that can get through to the layer beneath. If there is not enough light getting through, then none of the colors of light will reach the layer below and therefore no color will be reflected back towards your eye.
Why are bubbles so colorful?
Why are soap bubbles so brightly colored? A soap bubble's hues are derived from white light, which contains all of the colors of the rainbow. When white light bounces off soap film, some colors get brighter while others fade away. White light is made up of light waves with a wide range of frequencies. When these waves hit the soap film, some waves go right through it while others are reflected back into our eyes, giving rise to the colors we see.
The colors of soap bubbles are very similar to those of rainbows. This is because when light waves of different colors reach the surface of soap film or water, they combine to form new waves with different properties. For example, red waves will cause any particles in the liquid to scatter red light while blue waves do the same thing to blue light. As these new waves bounce around inside the film or water, some waves will be reflected back towards our eyes and seen by us as colors in a bubble or in a rainbow.
Soap bubbles are colored by two types of scatterers: particles that reflect only certain colors of light and molecules that absorb certain colors completely.
Bubbles are drawn toward bright lights and thrown at high speeds against solid objects. If they hit your eye, they can cause serious injury. The force of the impact breaks the bubble into many tiny droplets that are carried by the wind away from the spot where it broke.
Why do bubbles make rainbows?
When light waves strike bubbles, part of the light is reflected back to your eyes from the bubble's outer surface. Some light is also reflected back to your eyes from the inner surface, which is only a millionth of an inch distant. As a result, bubbles might appear to change colors as they float around. This is because light waves of different colors reach them at different times.
Bubbles can be either natural or man-made. Natural bubbles are formed when liquid vaporizes and then collapses, such as when water evaporates after it has rained or when air bubbles rise to the top of a lake and then collapse. Man-made bubbles are created by forcing air into a liquid with a pump. The pressure inside the container increases, causing some of the liquid to vaporize without escaping through the open top. The gas inside the bubble is now under greater tension than the surrounding liquid, so it expands to fill its new volume.
Rainbows are produced when light from the Sun passes through layers of atmosphere containing particles with different sizes and shapes, such as clouds and water droplets. The particles refract (or bend) the light in various ways, creating colors at different distances from the source. If you were to walk outside during sunset and look up at the sky, you would see the rainbow arc formed by the color of sky at different heights above you.
Do bubbles reflect light?
The two sets of waves that return to your eyes conflict with one another. Some of the waves combine to make particular hues more vibrant. Others don't match up and are lost in a haze of color.
Bubbles reflect only certain parts of the light that reaches them. The colors you see in bubbles are determined by the chemicals inside the bubbles. When you look at blue bubbles, for example, the blue pigment inside the bubble prevents red and yellow waves from mixing together to make orange or green waves. Only blue waves reach your eye.
The color of bubbles is also affected by their size. Larger bubbles let more light through than small ones do. This is because larger bubbles have wider gaps between themselves and other objects. Light can pass through these gaps without being blocked by any other object.
Finally, the color of bubbles is influenced by how tightly they're packed. Packed very close together, bubbles become transparent. That is, you can see through them to the things behind them. Packed quite far apart, the effect is exactly opposite: They block out most of the light that reaches them.
So all things considered, yes, bubbles do reflect light.
About Article Author
Jimmy Hinds
Jimmy Hinds is an avid photographer. His favorite thing to do is take photos of the world around him. He loves to capture the beauty of nature and human emotions, and share them with the world.
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2022 Foot Nerd Program
Hi awesome human.
Thank you for making it here and for your interest in reclaiming responsibility for your health. We've been refining a health protocol for the past 3 years and are excited to present you with our 2022 version of the Foot Nerd program below.
We believe that the cost of health is paying attention. Being healthy means making time to better understand health while mindfully exploring different ways to improve our daily behaviours. It's the path we must all take to move in the direction of health.
For 2022 we've increased experiential learning and improved community elements to offer a nourishing experience for those that choose to commit their time and energy to the process of health.
Summary of the 2022 Nerd journey:
- 360 hour commitment (1 hour per day for 360 days)
- Structure: 6 blocks, 20% information, 60% experimentation, 20% reflection
- 36 lessons* created by Nerds
- Learning pods & learning partners
*Each lesson has 3 content layers:
- Layer 1: Audio lesson recorded by teachers, database of experiments to choose from so you can verify and discover your own truth.
- Layer 2: Conversations and stories by Nerds about the lesson topic (audio, video or written form)
- Layer 3: Sources used to create the lesson, recommended books, additional resources for going deeper (books, podcasts, videos, articles)
Enrolment fee
- $1,250 CAD (includes lifelong access to all lessons and community platforms as the project continues to evolve). 20% discount if paying in sats (bitcoin).
- Optional (but highly recommended) student pack $350 CAD (discounted price for Foot Nerds, retail value of goods in the student pack is approx $550)
- How we allocate the revenue: 40% teachers, 35% support, 25% exposure
Below you will find the topics for each lesson we cover within the program (subject to change as we continue refining the framework leading up to Feb '22)
Feb 2022 applications open on December 1, 2021.
Click HERE to submit your application to embark on your magnificent journey.
Block 1:
1.1 - Welcome to your health journey
[our collective values (manifesto), critical thinking, proof of work, experiments, accountability, creating purpose, student pack]
1.2 - What is health?
[your definition of health, a process of mindful exploration, continuum of responsibility, a lifetime process, dangers of comfort/convenience]
1.3 - What is community?
[define community, your pod, your partner, how we use slack and github]
1.4 - Meta learning
[learning to learn, a practice, a mindset]
1.5 - Financial literacy
[the keystone pillar, protecting your time with bitcoin]
1.6 - Design your experience
[clarify purpose + values, plan (calendar), prompts, setting hard boundaries, contingency planning]
Block 2:
2.1 - First principles
[tree of understanding, s.a.i.d principle, trusting our physiology]
2.2 - Science: A system for seeking truth
[science defined, applying the system, being your own scientist]
2.3 - Feet
[foot health principles, footwear, F&A HealthKit]
2.4 - Mind
[mental health, mental training, meditation, brain hygiene]
2.5 - Game theory of health
[sickcare system, mis-aligned incentives, creating a health system, medicine]
2.6 - Behaviour design
[principles, tiny habits, practical applications]
Block 3:
3.1 - Know thy time
[time audit, write down your values, check time and value alignment, efficient vs. effective, doing the right things]
3.2 - Sleep
[importance, effects, sleep hygiene, immune function]
3.3 - Food
[food defined, we are what we eat, food principles, fasting, nutritionism]
3.4 - Regenerative health
[healing vs. symptom suppression, medicine, body literacy, hearing signals]
3.5 - Environment
[environment defined, mental, social, physical, environment design]
3.6 - Deep work & solitude
[technology self defence, intentionality, reducing noise, digital minimalism]
Block 4:
4.1 - Hips
[regional interdependence, chair sitting, squat: master screen]
4.2 - Movement Nutrition
[sedentary exercisers, becoming a mover, movement > exercise]
4.3 - Pain, Hardware vs. Software
[a signal to be respected, hardware first, daily software updates]
4.4 - Play
[defining play, a forgotten learning tool, making movement fun]
4.5 - Ground living
[what is ground living?, default lifestyle, environment design]
4.6 - Breath
[importance, unnatural imposed demands, practical experiments]
Block 5
5.1 - Self awareness
[what is self awareness?, how to cultivate it, expanding physical/mental limits]
5.2 - Feelings & emotions
[expanding vocabulary, emotional intelligence, RAIN]
5.3 - Stress
[perception, reframing, resilience, growth, engineering adaptive stressors, immune function]
5.4 - Relationships
[dynamics, living authentically, self, value alignment, honesty]
5.5 - Asking better questions
[deep listening, understanding, not giving answers]
5.6 - Life crafting
[design your ideal life & a plan to work towards it, define work]
Block 6
6.1 - Journey synthesis
[log review, analysis, celebration, sharing experiences, new old way]
6.2 - Major insights
[aha moments, toughest moments, sweetest victories, important personal lessons, application of lessons, heuristics, mental models]
6.3 - Deep dive
[deeper learning exploration on a specific topic of interest]
6.4 - Becoming a Health Guide
[what is a health guide?, path, expectations, the ultimate craft]
6.5 - Sharing your story
[10min video, partner podcast, craft a bio]
6.6 - Congratulations. Continuing your journey.
[program debrief, importance of celebration, inspiring others, continued health practice]
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Skip to main content
Dipika Nadkarni
Eduard Rabe: A Case Study in the „Bürgerliches Sammeln“ of Ethnographica in the Hanseatic City of Lübeck
The research of Dipika Nadkarni looks at ethnographic objects collected in Lübeck outside the realm of academic ethnography, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Using a combination of material analyses and historical records, she attempts to piece together the history of the objects from their country of origin to their journey to Lübeck. Through this process, her research sheds light on the phenomenon of bourgeois collecting of artifacts in Lübeck as well as on the social structures that led to the creation and demand for these objects.
Dipika Nadkarni auf der Licht-an-Veranstaltung zum Anhören
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Locrian & Mamiffer: Piano Ballads for Noise Addicts
Locrian & Mamiffer
Bless Them That Curse You
SIGE/Utech Records
Released: 2.21.12
Cavernous and spiritual: There's a sadistic place of worship where man made, electronically manipulated sizzles and squeals can precede an otherwise beautiful and engaging piano and acoustic guitar duet, the disturbed instrumental, "In Fulminic Gaze," ritualized with heavy tom drums, the pulse beat anchoring waves of heavy feedback which find distance in their travels. The payoff is enthralling. Such is the nature of Bless Them That Curse You, the collaborative efforts of Chicago's noise metal champions, Locrian (members André Foisy, Terence Hannum and Steven Hess), and Seattle's experimental husband-wife combo, Mamiffer (pianist Faith Coloccia and ex-Isis member, Aaron Turner), which nurtures or punishes the coexistence of notes and tone, ambient noise and solid composition, experimental abstractions and anchored songwriting.
A challenging listen, Bless Them That Curse You smartly capitalizes on the strengths both bands carry into their own projects, each side of the collaboration contributing to the overall design and character of each piece of anti-music. What Locrian and Mamiffer (or, "Locramiffer" — courtesy of Flingco Sound System) both bring to the table isn't always clear ("Bless Them That Curse You" and "Second Burial" both carry enough of Locrian's approach to soundscape to qualify as their own, though I'm sure they were able to do a lot more by simply expanding their ensemble), but wonderfully haunting moments like "Corpus Luteum" or "Lechatelierite" pay respects to both the music at the surface and the drifting sounds that wallow underneath, the distancing agent added that carries Faith Coloccia's keys into expansive thoroughfares they might otherwise never have discovered. "Lechatelierite" is especially minimal, Coloccia's fingers forceful and lasting upon their keys, the notes abrupt and borderline sporadic. There's intent, but liberty with the structure.
"Bless Them That Curse You" is a tonally thick and trippy piece, evocative of something a band like Grails would perform. While I wouldn't outright attribute the music to or say it was inspired by drug culture, you could imagine somebody's episodic, chemically charged journey being aided by something like this as track's repetition and gradual lift could suggest the act of traversing space or circling within it. It's pleasant to the ear, no aural scarring or provocative strangeness to negotiate. Contrasting, though, is "Second Burial," which is a percussive stab at the ominous, cavernous expressions of sound that Locrian normally devise.
The three part "Metis/Amaranthine/The Emperor," is a 19-minute suite that's carried at first by an angelically sung (Coloccia) and isolated piece of music, powered by piano chords and the gradual increase of dissonant tones and voices fading in and out of audibility. Enter a stinging onslaught of feedback and distortion, crunching sections of static crackling through the endless hiss. Voices emerge, throaty and long; drones and amplified pulsations. Drums appear for the third segment, which is carried to fruition by Aaron Turner's growl, a severity both abrupt and caustic that exhausts the mire beneath it. The album simply fades during one single distorted whistle and its emotional investment follows suit.
Letters From A Tapehead
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Back To Schedule
Thursday, July 11 • 4:15pm - 5:15pm
Relational Leadership: The Foundation for a High-Performing Culture
Culture is either random or intentional. We believe that ignored behavior becomes accepted behavior. It is imperative that leaders be intentional with how they define and model what a high performing positive culture looks like so that students are motivated to learn and relationships thrive. We will share some research-based processes to equip educators with tools to build relationships and high-performing, self-managing teams. Hear how this leads to achieving remarkable results, including increases in attendance, student achievement and decreases in discipline referrals and drop-out rates.
In this breakout session, we will focus on the conference theme by answering three main questions: How can schools intentionally develop high performing cultures? Do organizational and individual behaviors influence school and student outcomes? What leadership skills are needed to create connectedness?
Join us for this exciting presentation and see first-hand how intentional relational leadership can make all the difference in the lives of teachers and kids’.
Chris Layton
Flippen Group
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Numerology/55 Yeard
Numerology/55 Yeard
It is all about the knowledge and skills of numerology expert. You may wonder what makes numerology different from other psychic arts. Each psychic has a unique ability and knack to dig into your past, present, and future. Some experts have sharper skills than others but if you are keen about asking the right questions, you can be sure that you will receive accurate answers to your questions.
Numerology consulting can be accessed in many ways, with the most popular being online. Numerology is a vast field that offers many resources and websites to help you find answers to your numerological questions. Some experts offer free online consultation, while others charge a small fee.
Since your birthsign indicates certain number patterns, the experts can give you a prediction based on the type of numbers that are characteristic of your birthsign. A prediction that has to do with future changes will be given to a person who was born under a Zodiac sign compatible with a Capricorn, for example. The same holds true if you are born under the sign of Scorpio. If your Zodiac compatibility chart is made up of numbers from Scorpio, Taurus and Pisces, you can expect future changes that favor these signs.
Your horoscope is not only based on your birth date but also uses numbers daily. The use of numbers can also help you to determine your astrological personality. Numerology experts have access to many tools and resources that can help you determine your personality, your characteristics, as well as your zodiac sign. As your life circumstances change and as your outlook towards life changes, so will the nature of your numerology charts.
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Know About Hernia Treatment
A hernia is a condition that refers to a kind of protrusion of an organ by surrounding muscle tissue or. This is a condition that can affect men, women, and children depending on the specific kind hernia. There are several types of hernias such as inguinal, cicatricial, femoral, umbilical, and hiatal. Hernias typically occur with a combination of muscular weakness and strain.
The effects of hernia are usually some pain to the specific site of the hernia, a visible bump, and, in severe cases, organ failure. In some cases you may require suggestions from lawyers to understand the complications associated with hernia mesh surgery. To get more information you can search for hernia mesh lawyers via
Hernias are generally caused by increased pressure in the cavity that holds the target organ. The border is weakened because of this increased pressure. This is a genetic trait and thus explains the likelihood of a hernia to run in families. However, this condition can also be simply due to aging.
This can also be affected by a pregnancy, illness, or extreme weight loss. Any increase in pressure in the body can lead to hernias. This often happens in the abdomen, skull, and spine. Hernias can be caused by a variety of triggers, but depend on each case and the type of hernia.
The only permanent solution for hernia is surgery. However depending on the patient, the hernia surgery can be too risky. Some cases of hernia do not require surgery. Your doctor will simply monitor the hernia for any changes, and if it gets to a point where the hernia has to be made, your doctor will consult you and find the best plan of action.
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Jan 22, 2022
2019-2020 Undergraduate Catalog
2019-2020 Undergraduate Catalog [ARCHIVED CATALOG]
ANTH 259 - Anthropology of Dying 3 s.h.
Why study death and dying? How do we die? What is a near-death experience? Dying is a part of living, but we rarely spend time thinking of the process of dying. Additionally, death in the 21st century can be highly political and contentious. Do you know what a physician-assisted death is? What is euthanasia? These questions and more will be addressed throughout the semester. Together, we will explore the political and legal nature of death and dying. We will consider death and dying from both cultural and biological perspectives in order to have a more holistic understanding of the issues surrounding dying.
Prerequisite(s): ANTH 100 or ANTH 130 .
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Affecting The Program of the Creator
laitman_214Question: Suppose there is an earthquake somewhere and a war somewhere else. Who determines it? How does it happen?
Answer: There is one single force that permeates the whole world. It does it all. It reacts to everything, including all our movements. This force, called Shechina (Divinity), constantly makes a clear calculation based on our actions and reactions on how to lead us to full compliance with it in the most optimal way.
Question: What is the Kabbalist’s partnership with the Creator about? Can he somehow change these actions?
Answer: By his actions, a Kabbalist absolutely consciously affects the program of the Creator, constantly improving it. He draws the whole world after him. Then, the Creator changes His governance from unsatisfactory to good.
From the Kabbalah Lesson in Russian 6/3/18
Related Material:
Becoming Equal To The Creator
The Method of Revealing The Creator
How Humanity Can Acquire A New Characteristic
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Comentarios del lector/a
How to Boost Healthspan - Keeping Healthy Lifestyles
por Julius Brookes (2020-12-19)
Healthspan describes quality of life along with the number of healthy operational years a person has lived. It does not mean that simply because the average human lifespan is about 80, people will live these full 80 years healthy and in peak physical condition. There are studies which indicate most folks would rather live the rest of the years in a fantastic state of health and not be in bad physical condition.
canada-learning-code-instructor.jpg?widtHealthspan can be defined as the quality of one's life or her or his ability to maintain a certain level of physical activity. According to a study, a person who has a greater degree of Healthspan has less dangers of disability in old age and can be more physically active than someone with a lesser level of Healthspan. Individuals who have higher Healthspans have a tendency to be physically active and have less chance of disability in old age. This is only because they are not as likely to fall victim to drops, arthritis, and other degenerative ailments.
Healthspan can be quantified through numerous ways. It can be measured by having regular appointments, exercising on a regular basis, eating healthily and adhering to a wholesome diet and exercising regularly, exercising on a regular basis and using regular visits to the physician. There are also studies which show that individuals who have healthy lifestyles and aren't overweight tend to live longer lives than people that are overweight and also have unhealthy lifestyles. A person with a healthy lifestyle has more time to enjoy hobbies, enjoy family life and participate in social activities and so forth. These activities contribute to enhancing health and longevity.
Other ways in which health span may be improved include increasing the consumption of nutrients, preventing disorders related to aging and keeping stress levels under control. These activities contribute to increasing one's physical and mental well-being and therefore are important to the maintenance of superior Healthspan. They help in increasing longevity and prolonging your life.
To maintain Healthy Lifestyles, then one ought to make sure that he or she's eating the right kinds of meals and working out on a regular basis. This will help in the maintenance of good nutrition and regular exercise helps in maintaining an adequate quantity of oxygen within the body.
To improve Healthspan, an individual should always get a fantastic night sleep. This aids in maintaining the good health and endurance. An individual must also participate in regular exercise that ensures a good sleep quality and aids in keeping stress in check.
It's also critical for a individual to eliminate all junk foods and take in several vegetables and fruits in their diet. Fruits contain many vitamins and nutrients that help in maintaining good health and preventing ailments such as diabetes, hypertension and cancer. Green leafy vegetables such as spinach, carrots and kale include vitamin C and therefore are good for cardiovascular health. Fruits contain essential minerals that assist in fighting infections and therefore are good for bone and teeth health. In addition, new fruits and vegetables are good sources of antioxidants that assist in preventing cell damage and free radicals.
Regular exercise is also important to keep good Healthspan. Along with exercising frequently, a person should have enough sleep. It's crucial to make certain that a person gets enough exercise, even if it's just by walking around the neighborhood. Getting enough rest aids in reducing stress levels and improving wellbeing and longevity.
It is important for a person to engage in regular exercise to enhance Healthspan. Regular exercise improves overall wellness, prevents diseases and also prolongs life. Therefore, routine exercise assists in maintaining a fantastic quality of life and enhances health and longevity.
Regular exercise can also lead to improved fitness and aids in reducing stress. It is crucial to make certain that a individual engages in regular exercise for at least three times every week. In case the individual engages in physical action on a irregular basis, this may cause him or her to become bored and eliminate interest.
An individual should also avoid smoking. Smoking contributes to an increase in the risk of heart disease, cancer and other serious ailments. To enhance Healthspan, it's important for a person to cut down the use of alcoholic drinks, particularly alcohol. Additionally, it's important to stay away from caffeine and other stimulants such as coffee, tea, cigarettes, and drugs which raise blood pressure and cholesterol levels If you want to read more regarding get 15% off with voucher look at the site. .
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Extended Catalog by McVan
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Patron Saints, who they are and why they matter.
Patron Saints, who they are and why they matter.
We offer fine Sterling Silver Medals of many Saints. Read this article to learn about the most popular.
The Catholic faith uses medals to venerate major figures, places, and events in the history of Catholicism, as well as a form of holy protection. Some of these figures are saints who have played a notable role within the religion. Each medal has a specific meaning or purpose related to each saint. Learn more about the meaning behind each saint seen here.
St. Benedict
Saint Benedict Medal MeaningThis medal represents St Benedict, the founder of the Benedictine monastery at Monte Cassino and considered the father of monasticism in the West. He is known to be a highly devoted man who performed several miracles. He had a great number of devoted disciples, which led to his reputation as the benefactor of students and school children. St. Benedict is also known as a protector against poison due to a failed assassination attempt.
St. Anthony
This medal represents St. Anthony of Padua, a Portuguese priest and Franciscan friar who was renowned as a teacher and preacher. St. Anthony is the benefactor of lost people and objects, based on a story where a Franciscan novice stole his psalter and left. After Anthony prayed for its return, both the thief and the psalter returned to the Order. People look to St. Anthony to recover lost or stolen articles.
St. Jude
Saint Jude Medal MeaningThe medal of St. Jude invokes Judas Thaddeus, one of the original 12 apostles to Jesus, and not to be confused with Judas Iscariot. St. Jude is known for his preaching of the Gospel during hopeless situations. As such, he is known as the patron of people with lost causes. St. Jude had a resurgence of popularity in 1929, after the Claretians in southeast Chicago started devoting services to him. Catholics seek him for guidance and hope during difficult times.
St. Joseph
Saint Joseph Medal MeaningSt. Joseph is the foster father of Jesus and the husband of Mary. He initially sent Mary away after finding out she was pregnant with someone else’s child, before an angel instructed him to raise and protect God’s child. Joseph is the patron of fathers, workers, immigrants, travelers, and several countries. Someone wearing a St. Joseph medal seeks protection for these people, as well as fatherly care in general.
St. Christopher
Saint Christopher Medal MeaningSt. Christopher is the subject of numerous legends and stories. Originally the man who would become Christopher was a ferryman named Offerus. He was a large, strong man who carried people across a river. One day a child asked him for transportation to the other side of the waterway. Offerus completed the request, even as the child grew heavier and heavier. The child later revealed himself to be Jesus, who carried the weight of the world on his shoulders. Offerus became known as “Christopher” which means “Christ-bearer”, as a result. St. Christopher is the patron saint of travelers and transportation.
St. Gerard
St. Gerard is the benefactor of mothers, children, and childbirth. His reputation comes from a story where, after departing from a visit to the Pirofalo family, one of the daughters noticed he left behind a handkerchief and tried to return it. Gerard told her to keep it, since it could be useful to her one day. During a dangerous delivery years later, she held the handkerchief, which kept the child safe throughout the process. St. Gerard is also known for protecting the falsely accused.
St. Peregrine
St. Peregrine Laziosi started as a rebel and enemy of the church in his hometown of Forli, Italy. The pope sent Philip Benizi to the city as a peace ambassador, but Peregrine assaulted him. The rebel became remorseful afterward and asked for his forgiveness. He renounced his ways and became a priest. St. Peregrine is known as the patron saint of people with cancer, foot conditions, and other incurable diseases after a cancerous growth in his foot disappeared overnight after prayer. He reportedly cured other people throughout Forli after that.
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Chapter 27.2
Download Report
Transcript Chapter 27.2
Ch. 27.2 Stellar
• Nebula—a cloud of dust and
gas. 70% Hydrogen, 28%
Helium, 2% heavier elements.
• Gravity pulls the nebula
together; it spins and flattens
into a disk of matter with a
central concentration called a
• Pressure and temperature
increases in the protostar, until
the core reaches about
10,000,000 degrees C, and then
nuclear fusion starts, releasing
energy, and a star is born.
Main-Sequence Stars
• Main-sequence stage is the
longest stage in a star’s life.
• Hydrogen is converted to helium
by nuclear fusion, and energy is
• The star is in balance. The
inward pull of gravity is
balanced by the energy from
Giants and Supergiants
• 3rd stage, when hydrogen in the
star’s core is exhausted.
Hydrogen fusion continues in
the star’s outer layers.
• Core contracts due to gravity,
and its temperature increases.
• Helium in the core fuses into
• Combined helium and hydrogen
fusion causes outer shell of star
to greatly expand.
• Star is now a red giant (10
times bigger than sun) or a red
supergiant (100 times bigger
than sun)
White Dwarf Stars
• For medium-sized stars, after
helium fusion, the giant stage is
• Outer gasses are lost, and a
core is revealed, which heats
and illuminates the expanding
gasses, forming a planetary
• The last inner matter collapses
inward due to gravity, forming a
hot, dense white dwarf star.
• It shines for billions of years,
but eventually becomes cooler
and fainter, until energy
emmission stops, and it
becomes a black dwarf.
• Explosions on the surface of
some white dwarfs, causing
brightness to increase by
thousands of times for a few
• Believed to be caused by gas
(from a companion star) buildup
on the white dwarf’s surface.
• Occur when high-mass stars (10
to 100 times mass of the sun)
finish the supergiant stage.
• Gravitational collapse causes
fusion to restart…carbon is
converted into iron…then
gravity causes the iron core to
collapse and fuse into all
heavier elements, in a gigantic
Neutron Stars
• What may be left after
supernovae explosions…super
dense rotating balls of pure
neutrons, with a diameter of
about 30 km.
• Pulsars are neutron stars that
emit beams of radiation.
Black Holes
• In the most massive stars,
gravity crushes the matter
down into zero volume.
• Detected by x-rays given off as
surrounding matter falls into a
black hole.
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Moles of Aether
aether: convert moles to volume and weight
Volume of 1 mole of Aether
foot³0oil barrel0
Imperial gallon0.02US cup0.44
inch³6.34US fluid ounce3.51
liter0.1US gallon0.03
meter³0US pint0.22
metric cup0.42US quart0.11
metric tablespoon6.92US tablespoon7.02
metric teaspoon20.77US teaspoon21.07
Weight of 1 mole of Aether
kilogram0.07tonne7.41 × 10-5
milligram74 123
The entered amount of Aether in various units of amount of substance
centimole100micromole1 000 000
decimole10millimole1 000
gigamole1 × 10-9mole1
kilogram-mole0nanomole1 000 000 000
kilomole0picomole1 000 000 000 000
megamole1 × 10-6pound-mole0
Foods, Nutrients and Calories
ORANGE JUICE FROM CONCENTRATE, UPC: 011161460206 contain(s) 51 calories per 100 grams (≈3.53 ounces) [ price ]
393 foods that contain Lactose. List of these foods starting with the highest contents of Lactose and the lowest contents of Lactose
Gravels, Substances and Oils
Schwefelsaeure [H2SO4] weighs 1 826.7 kg/m³ (114.03716 lb/ft³) [ weight to volume | volume to weight | price | mole to volume and weight | mass and molar concentration | density ]
Weights and Measurements
A barye is the centimeter-gram-second (CGS) unit of pressure
Magnetic flux is a scalar quantity that measures the magnetic flux density (induction) through a surface in a magnetic field.
PΩ to zΩ conversion table, PΩ to zΩ unit converter or convert between all units of electric resistance measurement.
Cubic equation calculator. Real and complex roots of cubic equations
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Acute and Chronic Hoarseness
Hoarseness can refer to any changes in the voice resulting in a breathy, rough, raspy or strained quality with differences in vocal projection or pitch. These changes can be either acute or chronic and are due to conditions including laryngitis or inflammation of the vocal folds, laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR, acid reflux), vocal overuse, muscle tension and vocal fold masses (polyps, cysts, nodules). Most treatment is conservative and involves medication, speech and/or singing voice therapy and temporary modifications in voice use. Although in some severe circumstances, surgery may be required.
Acute and Chronic Hoarseness
Flexible Laryngoscopy
Diagnosing problems with the voice and throat often requires looking into the deep throat and voice box, beyond what can be seen through a mouth examination. Flexible laryngoscopy uses a fiber optic scope to examine the throat and larynx.
The procedure can examine the source of problems with the voice, swallowing, other throat pain and even some conditions related to the ears. The scope enters through the nose and down the back of the throat, typically under local anesthetic. The patient may be asked to speak, cough, or otherwise use their throat and larynx during the exam, which usually lasts about 5 minutes. The nose and throat may feel irritated for a day or two.
Speech Therapy
For people who make their living using their voice, such as public speakers, entertainers, television and radio personnel, or teachers, constant use may cause hoarseness or other throat and voice issues. Problems that frequently arise from improper use of the voice include discomfort or pain, vocal strain, and voice fatigue.
Complications include vocal nodes, cysts, swollen or bleeding vocal cords, and paralysis of the vocal cords. Speech therapy introduces exercises and practices to relieve the strain on the voice and rehabilitate vocal abuse behaviors, and may also include diet and lifestyle changes when reflux contributes to throat and vocal cord irritation.
Examination of problems with the larynx and vocal cords often requires a detailed analysis of how the vocal cords themselves move. Since they vibrate at high speed, videostroboscopy exams simulation slow motion movement of the vocal cords.
The procedure may be done with a rigid endoscope through the mouth or a flexible endoscope through the nose and rear of the throat. The patient produces sounds of various pitch and volume while a video recording tracks the activity of the vocal cords. This permits detailed viewing of the vocal cord vibrations for purposes of diagnosis.
Surgery (Microflap, Biopsy, Laser Treatment)
In some cases, vocal hoarseness may be persistent, necessitating surgical correction to speed recovery. Microflap surgery typically addresses benign lesions, such as nodes, polyps, or cysts, that do not respond to more conservative forms of management. Left untreated, these may develop into more progressive scarring of the vocal cord tissue.
The microflap surgical technique cuts these lesions out of the vocal cords, resulting in less scarring and a loss of hoarseness. Biopsies take small samples of tissue to diagnose cancer of the larynx, often revealed through vocal hoarseness as a symptom. Surgical CO2 laser surgery has proven effective as a treatment for both benign and malignant vocal cord lesions.
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What Might Have Been The Effect On The Vietnam War Of The Border Of Laos?
How did the Vietnam War affect Laos?
The conflict expanded into neighbouring countries like Laos and Cambodia, where North Vietnamese Army (NVA) and Viet Cong soldiers moved and operated. As a consequence, the Vietnam War had a profound impact on these countries, facilitating the rise of nationalist-communist groups there.
What were some effects of the Vietnam War?
The most immediate effect of the Vietnam War was the staggering death toll. The war killed an estimated 2 million Vietnamese civilians, 1. 1 million North Vietnamese troops, 200,000 South Vietnamese troops, and 58,000 U.S. troops. Those wounded in combat numbered tens of thousands more.
Why did Vietnam invade Laos?
What was the end result of the Vietnam War?
The Paris Peace Accords of January 1973 saw all U.S. forces withdrawn; the Case–Church Amendment, passed by the U.S. Congress on 15 August 1973, officially ended direct U.S. military involvement. The Peace Accords were broken almost immediately, and fighting continued for two more years.
You might be interested: Question: Which Country Is Associated With The Gamelan Laos Thailand Indonesia Cambodia?
Is Vietnam still communist?
What were the 3 main causes of the Vietnam War?
What are two effects of the Vietnam War?
What are the long term effects of the Vietnam War?
it also caused long term effects that to this day are making people physically ill, ruining habitats, dividing people on both home fronts, and causing a high tension point between a people and its government. The vietnam war started in 1956 due to the division of the (GVN South Vietnam) and the (DRV North Vietnam).
Was Laos in the Vietnam War?
Despite its neutral status after the French Indochina War, Laos became entangled in the Second Indochina War, also known as the Vietnam War (1964 to 1975). The ongoing civil war in Laos, essentially between Royalist, Neutralist and the Communist (Pathet Lao) forces, became part of the greater conflict.
Is Laos controlled by Vietnam?
Laos contains Vietnamese soldiers stationed there since Vietnam controls it as a satellite states after the 80s. Due to its dominance during the 19th century Vietnam regards Cambodia and Laos as vassal tributary states. Overseas Laotian opposition regard the Laotian government as a stooge of Vietnam.
You might be interested: Often asked: What Is Laos In Cooking?
What side was Cambodia on in the Vietnam War?
Cambodia was officially a neutral country in the Vietnam War, though North Vietnamese troops moved supplies and arms through the northern part of the country, which was part of the Ho Chi Minh trail that stretched from Vietnam to neighboring Laos and Cambodia.
Why did the US fail in Vietnam?
Failures for the USA Failure of Operation Rolling Thunder: The bombing campaign failed because the bombs often fell into empty jungle, missing their Vietcong targets. Lack of support back home: As the war dragged on more and more Americans began to oppose the war in Vietnam.
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| 0.966779 |
Brandt's cormorant Phalacrocorax penicillatus
Identification Tips:
Similar species:
Loons are similar on the water, but lack hooked bills. Most loons hold their bills level while swimming while cormorants hold theirs angled upwards. All adult cormorant species in the U.S. are separable by the shape and color of the gular areas. No other species has a blue gular region with a yellowish border. The Brandt's Cormorant shares its Pacific Coast range with the Double-crested and Pelagic Cormorants. Adult Double-crested Cormorants have orange gular regions and Pelagics have red ones. Immature Double-cresteds is paler underparts and Pelagic is darker. The Pelagic Cormorant is noticeably smaller and slimmer.
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Multivariable Calculus | Ajatshatru Mishra | Skillshare
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Lessons in This Class
20 Lessons (1h 16m)
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Introduction to Multivariable Calcuus
• 3. Partial Differentiation
• 4. Partial Differentiation-Example
• 5. Multivariable Chain Rule
• 6. Multivariable Chain Rule-Example
• 7. Method #1 to find maximum and minimum of a function-Elimination
• 8. Method #2-Implicit Differentiation
• 9. Implicit Differentiation-Example
• 10. Method #3 -Lagrange Multipliers
• 11. Lagrange Multipliers-Example 1
• 12. Lagrange Multipliers-Example 2
• 13. Multiple Integration-Introduction
• 14. Multiple Integration-Example 1
• 15. Limits of Integration
• 16. Multiple Integration-Example 2
• 17. Multiple Integration-Example 3
• 18. Jacobians
• 19. Jacobians-Example
• 20. Application of Multivariable Calculus
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About This Class
In this course you will learn the most difficult topics of Multivariable Calculus in a clear, intuitive and “easy to digest” way. Multivariable Calculus is the Calculus of functions of several variables.
Master Multivariable Calculus (Multivariate Calculus)
In this course you will learn….
How to differentiate a Multivariable function.
How to find the minima and maxima of a Multivariable function.
How to use Lagrange Multiplier.
How to solve Multiple Integral problems
What are Jacobians
How to apply Multivariable Calculus to real life problems.
Multivariable Calculus is an extension of the Calculus that you studied during your High School days to functions of several variables. Multivariable Calculus has far reaching applications in Physics, Engineering and advanced Computer Science. So, if you are planning to make a career in a science you are very much likely to encounter Multivariable Calculus at least once in your life. The best part about learning Multivariable Calculus that hot career fields like Data Science require sound knowledge of advanced mathematics .
Throughout this course I have tried my best to provide clear and intuitive understanding of the concepts though video lectures . Each and every concept has been supported by a reasonable number of examples so that you get a good grasp on the concepts involved. At the end of each section there are quizzes and practice tests along with solution that check the depth of your understanding.
After completing this course you will able to solve the most dangerous problems of Multivariable Calculus. You will able to find the volume of complicated 3D figures and much more!
This course works best for
Engineering, Math and Physics major university students.
Students looking for Multivariable Calculus course as a Data Science prerequisite.
Meet Your Teacher
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Ajatshatru Mishra
Data Scientist
Hello, I'm Ajatshatru.
I'm working as a Data Scientist at the Analytics division of one of the largest conglomerates in India.
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1. Introduction: welcome ladies and sentiment and scores. We're going to learn a more multi variable calculus, which is just the calculus off functions off. Several made you. But I'm your instructor, attaches to Misha, and I'm going to teach you the scores. France grass in an into doobie. At the end of this course, you will be able to solve the most difficult problems off multi variable calculus. Like a proof the topic said I'm gonna cover in the schools are partial differentiation, multi valuable team drool. Legrand's is multiplier, multiple integration Jacoby in and applications are multi variable. Calculus in this course have included lots off video electors to explain each and every concept supported by last number of examples. And at the end, off each section, I have included tests and quizzes along with solution so that you get most out off these lectures. This course is best for engineering, math, physics, major university students. And this course can also act as a quick refresher for professionals who seek knowledge in this subject. Thank you and see you in the course 2. Introduction to Multivariable Calcuus: When we talk about calculus, we usually mean calculus of single variable calculus that deals with functions off only one . We'd be able the distance travelled by a ball rolling on Krypton. This surface is only dependent upon we. It's a function off single, reliable. Where's multi variable calculus deals with functions involving several variables two or more than two relievers, for example, off X one x two and so on. Accent F off X Y is also a multi valuable function. Let's represent the distance. Seven in the first case, but the one off we an example off multi variable function pension. Off to reliable is the ball projected at an angle kita at an initial velocity. The distance traveled by this wall within a given interval of time depends Bhutan velocity and angle projection. It's a multi valuable function. The characterised that deals with function of two or more valuable is called market calculus. 3. Partial Differentiation: hello to do. We're going to learn about partial differentiation and has the route when we partially free in chilled off function FX one affects to where affects whenever. Next to our variables. With respect to X G, we consider all of the variables is constant Head. We have a function affects Why question X squared plus y squared. And when we partially differentiated with respect to X, we consider why this constant ex tone difference years normally but y squared becomes, see do because we consider it as constant. Similarly, when we partial differentiated with respect to why the ex tone becomes constant, so it's differentiation instead of rated becomes Edu and the White Downs different. Sheer It's not me. 4. Partial Differentiation-Example: Waas sub Ladies and gentlemen, Now we'll consider an example off partial differentiation. So here we will write f off X y equals two x Q by Les Y X This X square. Now we will. Partial difference. She ate dysfunction that respect to Why now? Ex called Autumn involving X will behaviors constant so excusable remain. Excuse that's real remaining and her ex square will become CEO because there's no white on now when we partially differentiated with respect to x ex cubic become three x square. Why will behave as constant X will become one and X square would become two X Now if we different shared this expression this result in expression again, with respect to why we'll get three x Square, it would be here like constant. Why will become one and two x will behave his conscience So it's debated will become zero I hope you clear with by sir difference change 5. Multivariable Chain Rule: we learn about multi variable change that's considered a function therefore, X way where X and Y are functions off d then partially innovative off effort Respect to t is equal to are so Did he wait you off? F with respect to X multiplied by parcel delivered you off x with respect to D plus partially innovative off f with respect to why much of glide by partially video off. Why, with respect to t first analyzed this for a French in off and redoubles where x one x two x in RBD bills, then partially weight you off f with respect to de is similarly equal to partially weight you off half wit respect to x one multiplied by partially way to off X one with respect ity place partial deliberate you off effort respect to x two multiplied by a partially we do off x two with respect to T and similar domes Do X And now let's take a look at an example which will further clear this concept. Let f off x y equal to ex quit this way X is a function of t which is t square less duty and why off t is equal to treat it Now. We'll find the radio partially radio off effort, respect, duty using our formula, the alerts, firing the individual partially weight do. And let's astute them in this formula, the start with partially redo off effort Respect to X, which is two X and we'll find similar tones. Possibly redo off X with respect to t. No, it's his duty and similar terms for why Effort? Respect away. This is one y with respect to t much is three and now we'll substitute all this partially did radio into our formula in order to find partial derivative off f with respect to D with her Stoute each and every ready and this gives has our end result. This is how we find partially redo off f with respect to t. 6. Multivariable Chain Rule-Example: Welcome back, ladies intended mint. Now I'll consider an example which will show multi variable change all its full glory So partially radio off f with respect to t is equal to possibly wait you off f with respect to X multiplied by partially radio off packs with respect to t plus partial the radio off effort respect to why multiplied by partial deliberative off. Why redress back to t Now I have a function which has accent Why as reliable and accent Why in turn depend upon de their functions off d So first of all, find partially radio off asks with respect to t Then I will find partially radio off. Why with respect to key which will give me three d squared and then I will find partially radio off f with respect to X it will give me too. It's then I'll find partially radio off effort respect to why? Which will give me one. Now I'll plug each and every value into the respective places to find partially weighty will half with respect to t using the elbow formula. So first I will take two X I'll multiply too partially read your acts with respect duty, which is to deep less too. Then I'll add this. Do one multiplied by partially radio. Why would trust back to T Registry D Square Now? I can easily simplify this and find the result in expression, which is the answer. 7. Method #1 to find maximum and minimum of a function-Elimination: I will end the first method of finding maximum minimum, which is elimination Has the problem find the minimum distance from the car y equals two minus X squared to the region. First, I'll represent distance by D, which is equal to rule over off X squared plus y square distance from the origin. And now f is quite of d was is this X squared plus y square and it is a function which is much easier to work with on it makes absolutely no difference whether we minimize d r f now eliminate why from the expression off f using the equation the curve. I'll replace the equation the curve into the expression off f. Now I'm gonna differentiate F which is the first half for mine finding many one more maximum and I went decided to zero. Now I'm gonna solve this equation, which will give me some zeros. First, let me simplify it for the A skating. I'm getting zeros in farm off X equals zero and best minus root over three by two. Now I'm gonna find the second or two. Do you read you off French and F to check whether these points are maximum or minimum when I lag zero into the expression of second order delivery to when I replace X equals zero, I'm getting minus six, which is less than zero. That means zero is a point of maximum. So we're going to discard it because we need to find the minimum distance. So we need to find them points off minimum. Now I'm gonna replace points plus minus route over three by two. Let me replace this in the expression. It's giving me three, which is obviously greater than zero within. Plus, these air points are minimum. Now I'm gonna find corresponding value off. Why? For the points plus minus root over three. It's one upon to. So our minimum distance is Rudy went off one upon to square my route over a three by two square, which gives us rude or seven by two. That's the answer 8. Method #2-Implicit Differentiation: Welcome back. Now we'll consider the matatu for finding many moment maximum off function, which is called implicit differentiation. So here we have a problem. Find the shortest distance between the curb. Why equals tu minus X squared and origin. So first relied expression for the distance which is rude over X squared plus y squared weekends have stewed this expression with F which is square off deep. So is it becomes a lot easier to work with this function rather than working directly with D was really differentiate f So we get two x t x Andi Do I d way now we divide throughout by DX so we get daily radio off after it Respect to X, which equals two x place Do I multiplied by D Y by d. Here. This is not in this city step, but we do it for the sake of clarity. Now we different shoot. Why the orders? Elko. So we get minus two x dx. We consider these two e creation on research suit equation number two into equation number one and place. Why reserve Stoute and please off d y re substitute minus two x dx. Now we again divide throughout. Now we again deride throughout by D x, which gives us an expression for daily radio off with respect to X. And now, in this expression, hadiya, my DX we serve shoot. Why, with the equation off additional cope and equated to zero in order to find minimum, we equated the deliberative to zero. And here we get an equation and we'll try to find the roots off this equation. The roots are let me call them. CDU's zeros are X equals Tzeitel and plus minus root over three by two. Now we have our expression for deliberative off F with respect to X, let me write it. And now, in order to find whether the zeros off this Wenshan are, why so many one more maximum, We will find the second order the video off F with respect to X. Now that's SEC. If the Zito's give us positive numbers on negative numbers, when we plug in X equals zero, which is our first serial off the equation, we get minus four, which is less than zero. So X equals zero is our point of maximum from basic calculus Course. We know that if the second already radio is less than zero. We get a point of maximum. Now we can plug plus minus root over three by two together because the expression for second or innovative in walls only X credit terms. So it makes no difference where they re dick, positive or negative number her own. Simplifying the expression we get minus expressed Will X Square. And when we substitute Akwa with plus minus root over three by two, we get nine and result in numbers three, which is greater than zero. So the point plus minus root over a three by two are the point of minimum. So in order to find the minimum distance but is rude over X square, plus why square we need to find what is why corresponding value. Why or X equals plus minus root over three. So we ride the expression for why we serve. Shoot X square by three by two and we get cough now researched. Shoot the values for X Square and Y square in this expression, and we get rude over off three by two plus half, which is equal to 9. Implicit Differentiation-Example: Hey, now consider this example when the shortest distance from the origin to the plain X minus y place that equals two. Now we will write the immigration or distance from the origin with his square Rudolph X squared plus y Square Aziz. Great. Now we can also right half which is equal to the square equals X Square plus y square inserts great. Instead, off minimizing d, we can instead minimize f which will make our work easier and it makes absolutely no difference. And now we will serve Stoute the value of acts from the equation Pain in two F in please off X square. Well, it's have Stoute the expression for acts from the equation of plane and plug it into X Square. And now we will partial different sheet f with respect to y said corporate, consider now we'll set it equal to zero in orderto minimize this punch. Simplifying this we get hopeless Four way man ist ooze it. This is our equation one now would you are so do prints You'd f we trust back to said which gives us minus four ones. Do y bless who has said this is our equation too These are our two summered in this equation, which saw one and two and find the values for why and said it gives us. Sadiq was two y three and like was minus two up on three. Now substituting Z and why into equation on the plane, we get X Who's one? My tree? Our minimum distance. Now these are minimum. It's clear that these values air for minimum because we're getting only unique values. Andi, the distance is least so we won't go into the deal's off. Whether checking whether these are minimum or maximum, we'll find directly find the minimum square to doff, which gives us one unit, which is our ends. 10. Method #3 -Lagrange Multipliers: welcome Mary Wim. This is the last month had it is called a grungy multiplayer is the best matter. So usually to find the minimum and maximum were given two things crushed French. An FX right with was many more maximum value. This to be deter might and on expression, sigh X y equals constant, which is relation between X and y. It is also called constraint. So first we'll find the daily radio off fi in the terms of different Shiels. This is just the usual process for finding the, um the ready wolf a function while the real you with puncheon and no and it is equal to zero because it's equal to constant and the rebate you off a constant is always equal to zero. And now we will find the declarative off F D f and again right the usual expression and good against Said this to Zito. Why? Because we want to minimize dysfunction Now we will multiply. The first equation would Lambda Lambda as a multi player and it gave the manta its name and now we'll do an interesting thing we will add would off these equation the right hand sides of the aggressions. After multiplying Lambda, we learned the writer in side of the equation, which will give us an interesting result. In the first expression, we have partially waiting with respect to X. And in the second, under the second bracket, we'll have the parcel. Way to respect why, nor the pattern here in the under the first bracket we have partial. Do we do with respect to X and another second record, we have partial deteriorated with respect to why Inwood kisses the partial innovative off Why, with respect to X or why is multiplied by multiplayer Lambda. Now we will set boot off these expression and a bracket equal to zero because, uh, in the right hand side the d X tone and D y done our CTO. So we said them equal to see toe so parts of the radio off with respect to X. Thus them that times Parsons re video of five with respect to X equals zero and we have our second equation. We get this equation because in the right and tired off the expression, there's no DX 30 way, so we need to set them in equal to zero. That's the need. I hope you understand that I'm getting bit regress here. But don't worry. Everything will be clear in a matter of minutes. And now all right, the relation between X and Y And had we get three creation 123 we will solve for X Y and Lambda and thes X Y are actually the points off minimum and maximum for the function. We really don't need Lambda, But in order to find X Y sometimes we need to find Lander to now we'll consider Ah, very easy way to do this entire thing without getting involved in all this Relight a function f off X y equals Air Force X y bless Lambda Times, fire off X Y and we find the partial derivative off upper case F with respect to X partially innovative off f with respect to why and we have our relation between X and right , this is our relation between accident. You saw all this and find X y and Lambda and trust me guys, this very easy mattered. Once you'll see the problem will understand it fully 11. Lagrange Multipliers-Example 1: Welcome back. No will consider a familiar example off the previous section, which is finding distance between go y equals two minus X square on the origin to illustrate the mattered off flag ranges multiply. We'll verify whether we're getting the same points or not, so that's first right. The function f off X y equals X squared plus y squared. It is the square of the distance between the curve and origin. We have choose this because it's easier to work with. And now we will try to find for your fax cycles conscience, which is the relation between X and y. With nothing but the equation of our crew, we will put the constant on the right hand side and the relation between X and Y on the left hand side. This is the right way, and now I will show you the wrong way to do this. This is putting the equation as it is now. I will express a function f X y as the summer off, Small F X Way and Lambda Times Fi. Now it's astute f off X way with X squared plus y squared and fire ex way with Y plus X squared have we will not right toe. Remember that because that's the constant part. Will let this will only date the relation between X and Y. Now we'll parcel differentiated with respect to X, which will give me an equation. And I was said to 20 then a bombshell differentiated with respect to why and I will against at 20 now, from the first equation, you find that X is equal to zero, and Lambda equals minus form. Atma righted. Now if we said shoot Lambda equals minus one into the second equation, we get two lamb, two y equals one which gives me why equals half. Now if I substitute, why calls half into the equation? Off Go. What I get is X equals plus minus three bite. These are exactly the same point which we have often in our previous problem. So this sues that lack grandes multiplier works very well 12. Lagrange Multipliers-Example 2: Hello. Everyone now would consider another example on lag ranches multiplier. So ask a star. Find the volume the largest box with as is battling to the axis inscribed in the spear X squared plus y squared plus z squared equals R Square. Her. I have the figure with the box inscribed inside this beer with the edges, Berlin to the access and the land off each spear is two x. Try to that, respectively, and the reason I'm using to her because the center of the spear and the books are going sitting. So the warnings to works much blind by two y multiply y to Z, which is eight x y Z. Now I will write the function half off. X y Z equals F plus lam no dimes fly her f is the warning off the box, which is eight x y z and FYI is X squared plus y squared crazy square. We will ignore our square hair because while taking five, we ignore the constant. So I'll put the values off F on the respective value off. I and I will barter difference. You'd f with respect to X Ali created 20 Then I will parcel different shoot f with respect to why And I would again equated to zero. And finally I find the partial delivered you off. After what respect is it equal Asiedu? Now what I'm gonna do is I would multiply the first equation with acts The second equation with why, on the last equation would see I will name the equations 123 Now, by my to playing this, what I'm gonna get is and the first equation I'll get eight x y z Bless to Luanda X Q. Similarly, in the second equation, I will again get eight x y Z plus lambda into two y square On In the tart equation, I will again get eight x y Z plus lambda into two Z square. Now, if I add each of these equation, what I'm gonna get is three into X y said, because because all the x y z Dems off all three equation and together and then to Lambda X squared plus y square plus C square. All the terms accumulator together equals zero. Now X squared plus y squared plus Z squared is equal to our square around the equation. This pure in that X squared plus y squared plus z squared is equal to our square To Harry, right to longer times r squared this from degree shot This beer Now I will find value off Lambda using the sick wishin with his minus two Will x Y z upon are square Now I will write the equation number one Do we remember the equation? Number one? I will again right it right I did. I'll do this to find the value off X. Now put the value of Lambda into this equation which will give me a twic minus 24 X square Y Z up one are square equals zero. Now on solving this equation on getting X squared equals one by three r squared. Now this is the maximum value off X that we can get. That's clear. We can't get excreted in this. So there is no point on checking whether these are points off. Many more, more maximum and enemies were getting only one value because distance can't be negative. Similarly, on solving each of the equation, we get y square cost one upon three are square and see square coast one upon three years square on using the same procedure as in this one which gives us X equals. Why cause equals one upon Route three are we have taken positive here because distance can't be negative. So maximum waddling is equal to age X y Z, which is eight multiplied by three route tree, one by tree to tree into our to this is the maximum William off the box inside is beautiful . 13. Multiple Integration-Introduction: Welcome back. We will try to develop an institution for multiple in TV, so let's start with normal definite in deep plants in normal definite indeed girls. In order to find the media under co, we divide the car into small strips off bread delta acts and land affects. So the area of this rectangle is land tam bright, which is FX times del. Tax. Now the total area is equal to the sum off all smaller areas, which is equal to somewhere F o X I dimes. Doug attacks. This is like finding the yeah, Richie's black Nitties slice Rickert the teas lies into smaller pieces and then we some all those area to find media off the entities slice. Now, when Delta extends to zero, the submission sign turns into integrations and and dull tax becomes detox. No, in case off multiple integral reconsider cylinder And we tried to find the volume off this cylinder in order to dollars into Shin. So how we have a function which defines this cylinder which is Z off X y and Blanding. Miss Land Times area, which is Z off x y dance Delta E. Now Doug Day is de extends D Y, which is the idea Off cross section off a small box you can see out there there's a small box was lenders large, but the cross sexually area is very small. Now the entire volume is some off all smaller values. We use double submission here because post three, some over one access then we somewhere another access which gives us Z off X y times Delta X Delta Way Now, in case off integration, we write the submission Signers integration sign Andre, multiply dx dy y. Now the land off this small box which I have got through in this volume is the ex wife and the cross sectional media. He's DX town d y. So Delta V is Z off X y dance dx. By the way. Now this element off why exes is D y and another element in the XX is is DX and had this is how we get the wall. You off this 14. Multiple Integration-Example 1: her will consider another example on multiple integration. Find the walling bound by the plane through Express y plus Z equals pool, lying to express why calls to on the court any taxes her have drawn the figure in order to find the warding off the figure, I will divide volume into small slabs off volume Delta V. Delta Bi is the wall you want to slap when an ad each of the slabs one each of Islam, I get the volume off the entire figure. So Delta V, which is the one on the slam, is Edie at times thickness. Now what is the area to slap? This is integration off after 19 degrees in off, said Danced. Ey. Why? Because this is parallel duda z y plane. I'll put the limit from why Zito Do Tu minus two works because the equation the Line two X plus y, equals two. I get to minus two X. Why, where is from? Zero. Do why and wise to my honest works times that thickness, which is Delta X now, is some the volume off each slab, which is some mission off Delta bi putting the limits. Why time still dags now the submission signs Jeans is too integration, saying When Delta X approaches e had I have considered acts to be constant and why is reading? We can do it other way around too. Axes rating from 0 to 1, you can see from the base figure. The last figure is the bees off the figure or is not a fever Axes waiting from 0 to 1. Now what is said? We did and said from the equation off a plane, let me call it See we derives from the equation of the plane. Now we will do the double integration off this expression. Her Why is not constant because we have considered X constant here and why is wearing from 0 to 2 months to works, which is the equation on the line? Always remember that we put the value off. See here now in double integration when we integrate with respect to why we will consider access constant so I can take four minus two works is constant and directly multiply. But why? Why will become Why square by two, which is the usual integration process Now I'll put the limits. Integration with respect to acts will remain Stilgar. It won't go anywhere now. I'll substitute the limits when we integrate with respect to variables we consider all of the really well, says Constant. This process is quite similar to partial difference in equation partial differentiation. Whenever you integrate with respect to available, consider all of the available is constant. Now we have substituted liquids. Now we'll simply fight the reason why limits off acts are constant because the slab was barrel the when and the slab stick nous was delta attacks. And there he had considered X to be constant. And why we're going from 0 to 2, minus two works now. We will integrate this with respect to X This expression with respect to X After simplification, we will degrade this expression with respect to X, which gives her six sex minus four X square. This do what excuse Continue Macedo to one. No, 15. Limits of Integration: using the last problem will now learn how to decide the limits off integration. Here we have the base off the figure off The last problem It is in the why x X is here. We have constructed same line Why plus two X equals two with the slab off thickness. Delta eggs had the limits for X rays from 0 to 1. That's very clear because endpoint for X here as we move ahead, the endpoint for X is one. But here in this lab, we really don't know where does why end in the slab? Extra means constant, but why is variable? But we don't know the end point of why So we right Why equals two minus two X using the equation the line. Similarly, as we move ahead along the one you we still don't know what is the end point off white along that slab. So again we consider why equals two minus two X, but still X is constant and the limit varies from 0 to 1. We can do other way around and do the same thing for why an ex reversed, have we no extra means constant. So why remains constant and X varies from zero to a non point. So we do not the limit off X by one minus. Why were two using the same increase in plain? Who are why the limit ranges from 0 to 2 hair? Also, as we move ahead along the volume, we still have no idea what is the end point off X. So we again right limit zero from from 0 to 1 minus y by two. And that's how we were. 16. Multiple Integration-Example 2: Now we will see one more example. Here we have X and we need integrated with respect to y and X. First, we will integrate it with respect to y because in the firstengy grin, the integration limits are off. Why? From zero to route over one minus X square so fast we need to integrate it with respect. Why we will consider access Constant, which will give us X y. Now we will substitute the limits. The limits off. Why that really give us X multiplied by Ludewig off one minus X square DX Now this is normal. Definite integral. We will substitute one month's X square by T Square and two x minus two X dx equals two to DDT. It will give us X dx minus cause minus DDT. Now we'll substitute X dx with my nasty DT and one minus X square by square. And the limits will be tinged. We will. So Stoute No, This is the normal tickle we saw usually give us take you by three Modesty Humor tree on substituting the limits will get one by three 17. Multiple Integration-Example 3: Hey, Now, as one more example on multiple anti grills, find the wall you includes for the parable I'd see equal 16 months X square minus y squared and the points or 00 a 12 and be 10 Now draw the B softies three dimensional figure. The base is located at the X Y axis. I draw the blinds school A and B, respectively. And here we have a triangle. We have a triangular base now equation off the line. You We'll try to find the equation off line you because we're going to need it in our future calculations. Using the intercept formula, you find the equation of the line you Which is why Quills two X now. Well, imagine that we're cutting a slab through the figure through it. Three damaged and figure. And when we add this lamps, we cover the entire warning. The limits for why I will be wearing from zero to Twix. Because why is were you able here and access constant from the equation of the line y equals two X. We have limit from zero to do. X X varies from 0 to 1. Now we will expand Z in its full form and the first kiss will consider acts as constant. And we will integrate with respect to why. And that's why we have taken the limits from 0 to 2 works. Because why is really able here? Since why is the first integral here will first integrate with respect to why considering access Constant, I was put the limits putting the limits. We get 32 X minus four X cubed minus age X cube by three. Now we'll integrate it with respect to X. This is just normal integration. West will simply fight and now we will integrate. It gives us 16 x square minus five upon three X power for lemons from 0 to 1. In the end, we get what, 23 upon three Unit que. This is the wall You want the figure bond by parable light 18. Jacobians: come back in this lecture. We're gonna talk about Jakub. Ian's now considered the situation. Let's say that in two dimensions. Accent. Why are functions off new evils be in Cuba than the Jacoby in off X Y, With respect to peak you is, Jacoby in is usually represented by letter G. It is the determinant off a matrix In the first rule, the partial differentiate the variable X with respect to new variables. B and Q. And similarly, in the second rule, the partial differentiate. The really able why would respect to new radio, but B and Q. Now, whenever there is a change in variables like we consider change of variables from one coordinate system to another co ordinate system, we ride the area element the new area element as Jakub Ian dinz the differentials off the new variables that is Jacoby in times deep ridicule. Similarly, in Three Dimension, where X, Y and Z are presented as movie Riebel, B Q and R, the Jacoby in is a determined off three by three matrix. Since in the earlier case, we had considered two by two matrix because there there were only two real evils. But here we have three variables, so we will consider three by three matrix in the first. True, be partial difference here with respect to new variables in each room. Each old radial this partial differentiated with respect toe each of the new real levels. What should we have X second, we have why and third truly have said. Now here we find the new volume element that is Devi using this Jacoby in, we can find the new Radia Bill the new volume element. It's J times, db de que and DEA, which is the product off differentials off new value. So Jacoby and becomes very useful whenever there is change of Real's. 19. Jacobians-Example: a hair. We'll see an example on Jacoby in when there's a Q B in off x y with prospective polar coordinates. R anteed up. So we will begin with writing Accent. Why, as functions off our and Tita X is our cost theater. And why is our science, Tita? Now we'll try to find Jakub Ian off X y with respect to our and teeter You're right. The formula off the Jacoby in man tricks with his DX by d r. Then again DX by D. Tita In the first room, we differentiate acts with respect to the new variables. And in the second room, we differentiate with why would respect to the new real humans. Now we will replace with the values will replace the value off acts and why which will give us when we differentiate in the first column with respect to our our gets eliminated in the second column The difference yet with respect to Thida. So the trigonometry crunch in guards altered. Now when you find the determinant of this matrix, we see that it's are Cost Square. Tita plus sci cortina now cost square teed up lessons. Cortina is equal to one soared Jacoby in is are now the Edie Element is Jacoby. In times the differentials off new malleable. So it is our d a r D Tita. 20. Application of Multivariable Calculus: Chelsea An application off multi, Really? With calculus. So Alaska started from the moment of inertia Off right. Circular cone with height s and then city room. Harold, consider cylindrical coordinates the start off by finding moss off this body. It is density dance volume. Here we will consider Z teacher and our, which is cylindrical coordinates. Z will vary from zero to etch which is the height off the coun and our is going to vary from zero to the y Z because at each and every point the read years off this corn is equal to its height and T days reading from 0 to 2 pi in order to cover the entire circumference off the coun and Harry right RDR, Dita and DZ Why are because our is the Jacoby in off X y Z with respect to cylindrical coordinates? That's why we write our here. You can really fight yourself. And now we have already sold for Tita and are and we're going to solve for Z, which gives us a rope. I ask you upon three her by X cube is warning on tycoon and rules the density productive to gives us the mass off this body. Now we'll find moment of inertia with respect to Z axis, Moment of inertia as mass times. Distance square And it's somewhere. So here we will use multiple, integral, specifically triple integral the limits. Who would be essentially the ship? The seam? Her We're using our square because we're considering the distance, which is our square moment of inertia is mass. Times did stand square. That's why we have considered are square here, an artist, the Jacoby in Now we have again already tiled for Tita and are and I'm going to solve for the This gives us Z to depart five by 20 multiplied by by turns to buy. Now we'll serve Shoot the limits which gives us rule by edge to the par five divided by 10 . Now we will substitute the value of rule from the moss equation. At first we have found out the mosque. Now we will right rue intense a mass and we will substitute in this moment of inertia. Rule is tm by that cube and solving this it gives us three upon 10 am a square. This is the moment of inertia off a corn
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What is non criminal?
What is non criminal?
(ˌnɒnˈkrɪmɪnəl) adjective. relating to an activity that is not criminal or against the law.
What type of word is criminal?
noun. a person guilty or convicted of a crime.
What are the basic principles of criminal law?
Four Principles of Criminal Law
• Burden of proof. This means that whoever is prosecuting the person must supply enough evidence to prove their guilt.
• The right to remain silent. No person has to answer questions put by the police.
• Double jeopardy. This means that a person cannot be charged twice for the same offence once they have been acquitted.
What is the most important aspect of any criminal law?
Legality. The principle of legality is recognized in almost all legal systems throughout the world as the keystone of the criminal law.
Is Criminology a law?
Although a law degree can cover topics including ‘Criminal Law’, these do not overlap with criminology; instead of focusing on the psychology of crime, they focus on key criminal law concepts and principles including identifying and applying the necessary elements of a crime to establish liability for specified …
What are the 3 elements of crime?
Section 3.3: Elements of Crimes
• The Criminal Act.
• Criminal Intent.
• Concurrence.
• Criminal Harm and Causation.
What is the difference between criminal and civil law?
Criminal law cases are only conducted through the criminal court system. In contrast, civil laws deal with the private rights of individuals. Civil laws are applied when an individual has had his or her rights violated or when individuals have disputes with other individuals or organizations.
How would you describe criminal law?
Criminal law, as distinguished from civil law, is a system of laws concerned with punishment of individuals who commit crimes. Thus, where in a civil case two individuals dispute their rights, a criminal prosecution involves the government deciding whether to punish an individual for either an act or an omission.
Who do criminologists work for?
Where do criminologists work? Criminologists typically work at colleges and universities organizing and conducting research and teaching classes on corrections, juvenile justice, law enforcement administration, criminal ethnography, drug abuse and addiction, theoretical criminology, and other related courses.
What makes a criminal a criminal?
The Oxford Dictionary defines a crime as an action or omission which constitutes an offence and is punishable by law . A crime is a fact, a matter of law and it is not an opinion. Poverty, parental neglect, low self-esteem, alcohol and drug abuse can be connected to why people break the law. …
Can anyone become a criminal?
Hypothetically, anyone can become a criminal, because crime is a product of biological, psychological, and social forces that cannot be always controlled by individual will alone, although self-determining decisions can prevent a life of crime (Duggan, 2001; Haney, 2006; Howitt, 2009; Maxim, Whitehead, & Nettler, 1999; …
Is criminal law a good career?
Luthra believes criminal law is a great career option for students as white collar crimes are on the rise. “Every now and then there are scams and it’s exciting to deal with various aspects of human nature while handling different cases,” he says.
What is human behavior in criminology?
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Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir Fixed-dose Combination Tablets (Epclusa)- FDA
Подскажите, Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir Fixed-dose Combination Tablets (Epclusa)- FDA уверены. этом что-то
Masked and traveling separately because of the pandemic, the team met up at EcoCamp Berryessa, a site that had recently hosted firefighters as they battled the LNU Lightning Complex fires in Northern California. The USGS team was there to sample soils and ash amidst the devastation. USGS scientists Jeff Prancevic and Corina Cerovski-Darriau measure the infiltration capacity of burnt soils in October 2020, just after the LNU Lightning Complex fire scorched Pope Canyon, which drains into Lake Berryessa in California.
On hands and knees-and sometimes bellies-the team measured water infiltration rates in burned and unburned soils and collected samples of charred and unburned vegetation and related ash deposits. More thorough study has offered up Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir Fixed-dose Combination Tablets (Epclusa)- FDA rather nuanced answers: Mercury concentrations in stream sediments are often lower because so much mercury is volatilized, but total amounts of mercury downstream are often higher because of increased sedimentation.
The details, however, remain as hazy as the smoldering forest. Any uptick in methylmercury is worrisome; bioaccumulation could affect multiple species in a bayer ingredients ecosystem, including humans via the consumption of trick std. But researchers are far from understanding all the downstream implications, for both human and ecological health.
Spurred in part by climate change, conditions across the West are warmer and drier than they used to be. And decades of forestry policies have increased the amount of highly flammable material strewn across forest floors.
That material contains, among other things, a lot of mercury. Wildfires mobilize that mercury when they sweep through a forest. When shrubs, trees, and soils burn, mercury becomes airborne either as a gas or by attaching to particulate matter-thus dictating how far the Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir Fixed-dose Combination Tablets (Epclusa)- FDA travels, says Jackson Webster, an environmental engineer at California State University, Chico.
There, microbes can transform the mercury into methylmercury, a potent neurotoxin that then enters the food chain. Parsing the percentage of gaseous versus particulate mercury released is therefore a key to determining how mercury will affect watersheds and ecosystems (4).
The type of foliage, landscape hydrology, location of fire within a watershed, soil properties, historical mercury levels (e. The California fires were high-severity and the Shenandoah fire low-severity; the mercury measurements showed clear differences. Shortly after the 2015 Rocky and Jerusalem Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir Fixed-dose Combination Tablets (Epclusa)- FDA burned the Cache Creek watershed, which already had high mercury levels attributable to past mining, Alpers, a research chemist at USGS, and his colleagues scooped up samples of fire-affected soils ranging in color from black to red, as well as unaffected brown soils.
His team also collected sediments suspended in streams to measure mercury levels. The team had a rare opportunity to compare conditions over time: The USGS had been collecting samples in the watershed before the fires as part of a long-term mercury monitoring effort. It appears that the extreme heat from the high-severity fires had led to loads of mercury being volatilized and carried away through the atmosphere, leaving less in soils and streams.
Thus, it help alcoholic that, at least based on studies of these three fires, higher-severity fires may volatilize more mercury. One might expect, then, to see higher mercury levels in streams after lower-severity fires and lower mercury levels after higher-severity fires. But the weather can scramble those expectations.
Those samples, collected from streams and analyzed shortly after a big storm, showed a huge increase in sinus fluxes-up to 1,000 times higher than normal, Tsui says. The 2012 High Park fire burned the Cache La Poudre River watershed in northern Colorado.
Rain later washed a lot of sediment through the watershed, which includes drinking water sources for the cities of Fort Collins and Greeley.
Image pelvic muscle Jackson Webster. Exactly how mercury is activated in soils is unclear, but some studies pinpoint heat.
When fires singe soils, mercury is released. To determine how much is volatilized and carried away in smoke versus mobilized locally-where it can then enter surface water-Webster and his colleagues Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir Fixed-dose Combination Tablets (Epclusa)- FDA soil samples in a furnace at different temperatures.
They then measured the amount of mercury remaining. They found that mercury release starts at about 150 degrees Celsius. By 250 to 300 degrees Celsius, the mercury is completely volatilized; none remains in the soil.
Inhalers lab results match what Webster has found in the field in hundreds of 10-cm-deep soil cores he collected from regions in Colorado that burned from 1934 through 2013 and recent massive infernos in Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir Fixed-dose Combination Tablets (Epclusa)- FDA, including the Carr, Mendocino Complex, and Camp fires in 2018 and the North Complex fire in 2020-four of the worst on record. Wildfires volatilize mercury in the topmost, hottest soil and duff layers, leaving little to no mercury behind.
Then, mercury levels incrementally rise with soil depth, corresponding to lower temperatures. Lower-severity fires that burn cooler will mobilize but not volatilize mercury in the soils, leaving more available to be transported by runoff during storms.
Plus, drier soils-those baked by drought, for example-transfer heat faster. They also result in more complete combustion and more gaseous mercury emissions, thus leading to lower local mercury levels in ash and lower amounts of subsequent runoff into aquatic golden, Tsui notes. Combustion levels, related to fire severity, seem to affect mercury release as well. In any fire, not everything will be completely combusted. Incomplete combustion creates black ash or charred wood; complete combustion generally results in piles of white ash, with little organic material remaining.
Some research suggests that black ash may retain higher mercury levels than white ash because of the black carbon content (5). But both have far higher levels of recalcitrant mercury (i. Using gas Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir Fixed-dose Combination Tablets (Epclusa)- FDA spectrometry and acid digestion, Tsui and his team, including Alex Chow of Clemson University, SC, found a link between recalcitrant mercury and black carbon levels in black ash from the Rocky fire and the Wragg fire, which burned nearby in 2015 as well.
The findings, Tsui says, suggest that the organic matter in black carbon creates chemical reactions with mercury that make it nonreactive (5). Mercury binds strongly to sulfur in organic matter, Webster explains, allowing mercury to accumulate in soils and surface water. Indeed, these latest johnson tm actually contradict some other studies from the last 20 years suggesting that mercury methylation downstream of wildfires does increase.
Alpers has maci measured increased methylmercury concentrations in streams after fires in California. The discrepancy, Webster speculates, may be attributable to complex interactions among microbes and the nutrients and organic carbon in the watershed, interactions that are fundamentally changed by fires.
09.05.2019 in 03:19 Tauk:
14.05.2019 in 17:38 Yozshugis:
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Red Meat
expand / collapse MeSH information
Meat such as beef, pork, or lamb which contains more MYOGLOBIN than POULTRY or SEAFOOD.
expand / collapse publications
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Red Meat" by people in this website by year, and whether "Red Meat" was a major or minor topic of these publications.
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Monday, 17 May 2021
Introduction to pointer in C
Definition: A pointer is a variable that stores the address of another variable.
Declaration: In C, every variable must be declared for its type. Since pointer is variable contains address that belong to a separate data type. They must be declared as pointer before we use them.
The general form to declare a pointer is
Syntax: Type *variable-name;
Example: int *p;
Initialization: The process of assigning the address of a variable to a pointer variable is known as initialization.
Syntax: Variable-Name = address of variable;
Example: int a=10;
int *p=&a;
Accessing a variable through its pointer:
Once a pointer has been assigned the address of a variable, to access the value of a variable, we use indirection operator(*) in front of pointer variable.
For Example consider the following statements
int a=10; int *p=&a;
Now the following statements shows how to access variable through its pointers.
1. printf("%d",a);
2. printf("%d",*p);
3. printf("%d",&a);
4. printf("%d",p);
5. printf("%d",&p);
The first statement prints the value stored in 'a' as 10
The second statement also prints the value of 'a' through it pointer.
The third line prints the address of variable 'a'
The fourth line prints the content of pointer variable i.e what pointer stored as "200"
The fifth line prints the address of pointer variable as"400"
For better understanding of the printf statements out put observe the above diagram.
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Suvarna Garge (Editor)
Spanish Inquisition Necklace
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Spanish Inquisition Necklace
The Spanish Inquisition Necklace is a diamond and emerald-studded necklace. As of 2008, it is on display at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., United States. It was given its name by Harry Winston, the American jeweller who acquired it from the Maharaja of Indore, and has no known connection with the historical Spanish Inquisition.
The emeralds threaded onto the necklace were originally mined in Colombia. The diamonds were mined in India. While the necklace's gemstones are believed to have been cut in India in the 17th century, the early history of the necklace itself is unknown. American jeweller Harry Winston, who named the necklace, claimed that it was owned first by Spanish royalty. However, the first recorded owner of the piece was Tukoji Rao III, Maharaja of Indore, then a princely state within India, in the early 20th century. Upon his abdication, the necklace was passed to his son, Yashvantrao II, who took up his father's throne.
In 1947, Yashvantrao sold the necklace to Harry Winston. Winston lent the necklace out that year to actress Katharine Hepburn, who wore it to the 19th Academy Awards ceremony. The necklace formed part of Winston's "Court of Jewels", a nationally touring exhibition of jewels and jewellery including the Hope Diamond and the Star of the East. In 1955, Winston sold the necklace to Cora Hubbard Williams of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Williams held the necklace until 1972, when she bequeathed it to the Smithsonian Institution. Since then, it has been on display in the Janet Annenberg Hooker Hall of Geology, Gems and Minerals of the National Museum of Natural History in the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C.
The upper half of the necklace consists of many small diamonds threaded onto a silver chain. The lower half of the necklace is divided into two concentric semi-circular strands, each carrying eight pairs of "football-shaped" diamonds and four pairs of barrel-cut emeralds, arranged symmetrically. The centre of the lower strand holds a large emerald supporting a pendant which itself holds five smaller emeralds. The point where the upper and lower halves of the necklace join is marked by two large emeralds threaded onto the chain. Altogether, there are 15 emeralds and 374 diamonds in the necklace. The diamonds of the Spanish Inquisition Necklace are the oldest examples of cut diamonds in the Smithsonian Institution's National Gem Collection.
Spanish Inquisition Necklace Wikipedia
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Applications of AI in the Education Sector
by Anubhuti Agarwal, Posted on 28 December 2020
Artificial Intelligence
AI technology has become a part of our daily lives and is gradually overtaking the education sector as well. Artificial Intelligence has given a new dimension to the world of education. It has not made learning easier and fun but also enabled personalized learning that provides a proper understanding of concepts according to the interests of the students.
Artificial intelligence has a wide range of applications in the education sector. Let us have a look at a few:
AI in Education Sector
Personalized Learning
Artificial intelligence has enabled personalized learning for all the students. Artificial intelligence technology customizes the learning profile of the students AI based apps help in doubt clarification of the students by the teachers instantly. The feature of adaptive learning helps the students to learn at their own pace.
Voice Assistants
We are all aware of apple siri, amazon alexa, etc., which are yet another AI components in learning. These are an example of voice assistants. These can be employed at homes that help the students to study in a non-educational environment without any teacher’s involvement.
Aid in Administrative Tasks
Teachers are overburdened with a lot of work that involves exam evaluation, managing classroom materials, and other important paperwork. Manually doing these tasks is tedious. AI technology has enabled automation of administrative tasks that save a lot of effort and time of the teachers.
Eradicating the barriers
AI technology makes global classrooms accessible to all irrespective of their language or any disability. The subtitles are provided for the convenience of the students in real-time for what the teacher is teaching. This helps the students to learn at their own pace. This enables equal education opportunities to all.
AI Technology Helps in Improvement of Courses
Artificial intelligence technology helps in eradicating the gaps in their lectures and courses. When a large number of students submit the wrong answers, the system sends a customized message to other students with hints of the correct answer and prevents them from repeating the same mistake. For eg., Coursera.
AI Technology Gives Instant Feedback
Most of the online apps offer instant feedback to the teachers about the students’ performance. This helps the teachers understand the areas of improvement and instruct the students accordingly. A few AI programs are developing systems that can help the students to choose the major subjects based on the area of their expertise. No external advice will be required and this can be considered beneficial for the future of the students.
Makes Trial and Error Learning Less Scary
AI in Education technology helps the students to experiment with their learning in a judgment-free environment, which also prevents the degradation of their confidence as well. It also provides instant feedback and instructions for improvement. Thus we see how artificial intelligence is changing the education system. Using AI technology students can access the study material from anywhere in the world. It has enhanced the basic skills of the students and has replaced the role of teachers in some instances. Artificial intelligence is believed to grow in the years to come and so will the education sector.
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Setting a goal for takings and cashing in when these objectives are satisfied is just a certain solution to defeat the game.
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Why do comets look fuzzy?
Why do comets look fuzzy?
As a comet approaches the sun, its "hairy" coma and tails form. The gravitational attraction of a passing star can cause comets in the Oort Cloud to erupt. Some may be launched into the inner solar system. Others may be flung far beyond the orbit of Neptune.
Comets are composed of ice and dust. As they near the sun, the heat causes the ices to vaporize, forming a cloud around the comet's nucleus. This is why comets appear to come from nowhere in particular; they are actually from anywhere within an astronomical unit (AU) of the sun. At their most distant, comets reach as far as 50 AU from the sun.
Comets are also known as "astronomical visitors from outside our solar system." They are fragments of much larger objects that were once part of a planet or moon but were ejected due to gravity waves created by another body passing by. When this happens, parts of the crust and mantle are left behind. If the mass of the passing body is large enough, it will even create new planets or moons!
Comets were first theorized by Johannes Kepler in 1610. He proposed that stars move around clusters called "Oceans," which are made up of smaller bodies such as planets or moons.
Why do comets have an elliptical orbit?
When another star passes by the solar system, its gravity pushes the Oort cloud and/or Kuiper belt and forces comets to fall in a highly elliptical orbit around the sun, with the sun at one of the ellipse's foci. The reason for this is still not fully understood.
Some scientists believe that these objects are left over from the formation of the Solar System, while others think they were formed farther out and were brought in by collisions. Either way, they are important for understanding how our galaxy worked more than 4500 million years ago, when it was just forming.
Comets are very dirty snowballs composed of ice and dust. As they pass close to the Sun, the heat from the solar radiation melts some of the ice and turns it into vapor, which then floats up toward the top of the comet's atmosphere, or coma. When it reaches the edge, this vapor condenses into droplets that rain back down onto the comet's surface. This is why we see activity on comets: They are constantly being resurfaced by the falling water and gas molecules.
Comets were first discovered in the late 16th century by Dutch astronomers who saw spots on the Moon when viewing it through their telescopes. They called these new objects "comets" because they looked like long streaks of smoke flowing away from the Earth directionally following after the Moon and before the Sun.
What makes up the nucleus of a comet?
Furthermore, the characteristics of this comet—the ion tail, the dust tail, the coma, and the nucleus—are shared by nearly all comets that approach our inner Solar System. When a comet warms up sufficiently, it produces an extended, gas-rich cloud known as a coma surrounding its nucleus. The coma can be very large, 10s of miles across, but only a small fraction of it is actually made up of cometary material. The rest is interstellar gas and dust trapped between the Sun and Earth when the Solar System was forming.
The nucleus is composed mainly of ice and rock. The ice may be pure water or possibly mixed with other substances such as ammonia or methane. It may also contain some organic molecules such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, or acetic acid. The rock may be similar to that found on Earth, such as silicon dioxide (sand), iron oxide (rust), or calcium carbonate (shellrock). However, most of the mass of a comet's nucleus is made up of something called pyroxene, which is less common on Earth but many comets are rich in it.
Comets were first observed from Earth during the 17th and 18th centuries. At that time, they were seen as novas or new stars because they were thought to be extremely distant objects out in space. But later observations showed that comets have a very elliptical orbit, sometimes approaching within 100 million kilometers of the Sun but usually coming much farther away.
About Article Author
Lindsay Mowen
Lindsay Mowen teaches students about the periodic table of elements and how it relates to their lives. She also teaches them about the various properties of each element, as well as how they are used in different types of technology. Lindsay loves to teach because it allows him to share knowledge with others, and help them learn more about the world around them.
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What is Cavitation?
Cavitation is a harmful condition that occurs in the component like a pump or a valve of a hydraulic system when the existing space in the working component is not filled with the system fluid. It is the process of formation and collapse of vapor or air bubbles in the pumped fluid as it passes through the component. Undetected intermittent pump cavitation will eventually cause significant damage to a pump.
Suction head pressure
It is the actual pressure that the fluid experiences at the pump inlet.
Vapour pressure
It is the minimum pressure needed to prevent liquid from turning into vapour.
Cavitation Process
Cavitation occurs when the suction head pressure falls below the vapour pressure of the fluid or the saturation pressure of the entrained air in the fluid. This fall in the pressure causes the formation of bubbles in the fluid. Soon the bubbles collapse as the pressure on the fluid goes beyond the vapour pressure of the fluid or the saturation pressure of the entrained air, upon migration to a high-pressure area. The process of formation and collapse of bubbles is nothing but cavitation.
The collapse of bubbles is a violent process. It creates an impacting action on the inside surface of the pump or any other component. It causes component wear and damage. It can cause the vibration of the component. It causes damage to bearings, wearing rings, and seals. It can be prevented by maintaining sufficient fluid level, maintaining filters in good condition, and adjusting the fluid temperature.
Cavitation can be distinguished by the loud popping noise it makes. The collapsing bubbles create certain vibration patterns, which help in detecting the cavitation. Early detection of cavitation minimizes pump damage and reduces downtime.
Authored by JOJI Parambath, Founder/Director, Fluidsys Training Centre, Bangalore, email: [email protected] web: https://fluidsys.org
[Fluidsys Training Centre provides training in the field of Pneumatics, Electro-pneumatics, Hydraulics, Electro-hydraulics]
Industrial Hydraulic Systems and Circuits -Basic Level in the SI Units
Industrial Hydraulics -Basic Level in the English Units
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Modern students have no understanding of file systems. Changes in STEM education article
Thanks to cloud storage modern people can have no understanding of how file systems work or where things are stored. Article is about students who only know they will type “homework” in a search bar and their document will reappear. They have no understanding of directory hierarchies or why they would use them. Food for thought. :smile:
I blame iPhone / iPad (iOS) for that.
EU or North America doesn’t represent the entire world.
Countries where Android is having overwhelming % of user base, do the research there. Kids do understand the basic folder in folder structure.
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Onyx for building
Onyx for building
Onyx is an intriguingly marvellous and translucent natural stone. It is composed mostly of calcite minerals, just like marble, limestone and travertine; therefore, it’s often commercially called onyx-marble. Usually onyx forms in areas where mineral-rich water meets the rocky soil, at mouths of springs, hence the very formation process is much more similar to travertine rather than marble.
Onyx most commonly comes in the warm hues of yellow or orange, caused by iron deposits in the rock, but due to the presence of different minerals, it can also be green, purple or brownish. The black onyx, used for making jewellery, is an entirely different rock, made out of mostly silica and formed deep in the earth’s crust.
For building projects, onyx is usually cut into slabs of varying thickness. Onyx stone isn’t as durable as travertine, for example, and it should be avoided in areas of heavy use. A sturdy (fibreglass) base is often required before installation to ensure longevity. On the other hand, onyx is truly magnificent due to unique patterns and translucent properties.
Some of the uses of onyx for building can be table and countertops, basins or lightning fixtures. Only when backlit, onyx lives up to its true potential, fully showcasing its incredible properties. This fact makes it a perfect choice to highlight specific visual focal points, such as hotel lobbies or reception desks, for example, as it will certainly deliver a sense of exquisite style and luxury. If you consider onyx as a building material, make sure to take advantage of this stone’s natural properties. Onyx is bound to induce the feelings of awe and reverence towards our planet’s breathtaking natural resources.
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SQL to query tickets (service cases) in CRM
How to query Microsoft CRM 2011 service cases (tickets) using sql.
This information is based on querying Microsoft CRM 2011. It may or may not work with other versions of Microsoft CRM.
To query all tickets after a certain date:
select * from Incidentbase
where CreatedOn >='2011-05-01 00:00:00.000'
order by Createdon desc
Incidentbase has a field called statecode that tells you the status of the service case/ticket:
0 = active
1= resolved or completed
2 = cancelled
When a ticket/service case is resolved in CRM, a special activity called a "ticket resolution" is created.
To query activities in CRM, there are various tables that contain all the different activities in them (emails, phone calls, ticket resolutions, etc...). One of the key activity tables is called "ActivityPointerBase". There is a key field in ActivityPointerBase called ActivityTypeCode that tells you what type of activity the record is.
4202 is an email
4212 is a task
4206 is a ticket resolution
So, to see ticket resolutions on service cases:
select * from ActivityPointerBase where ActivityTypeCode = 4206
Keep in mind that ActivityPointerBase also has a "statecode" field that tells you whether the activity was open, completed or cancelled. Ticketresolutions can only be completed or cancelled (a few of the activities in CRM, such as emails and ticket resolutions, cannot have an open status). So for ticketresolutions:
1 = completed
2 = cancelled
(i.e. if you are wondering, open activities are a 0)
To combine ticket information with ticket resolution information:
select a.* from IncidentBase as a
left join ActivityPointerBase as b
ona.incidentid = b.RegardingObjectId
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Angel Number 2929 Meaning *2021 Update*- Great Changes are Coming…
Angel Number 2929 Meaning
Numbers play a vital role in our lives, and living without them is unimaginable. From your date of birth to the number of calories you have consumed, everything is measured in numbers.
Did you know, that numbers are not only used to measure something but also to communicate, and binary language is not the only form of communication using numbers?
Angel Number 2929 represents major changes that are about to happen in your life. Empathy can help you generate greatness and help connect with people who are important to you.
Quickly Check Your Personal Angel Numbers Here
What Does Angel Number 2929 Mean for You?
You are blessed with the ability to enrich your life by seeing the positive in others than their shortcomings. You grow as a human being with compassion and love.
It is difficult to identify your strengths if you are full of negative feelings. The number is a sign that you must let go of the fear that is holding you back.
You can improve your life by making some changes that will help you find a new perspective on life. By making considerable changes in your life, you can achieve your goals and fulfill your desires.
To be able to achieve, you must first believe in yourself.
Living a life without fear is also a staple of Angel Number 33333.
You must let go of the past and focus on your future, on new destinations. You must keep in mind that there are no shortcuts to life’s achievements.
You must be patient and take the time to build your life. Remember, the journey is an essential part of the desired destination.
You can make sure that your journey towards your destination is successful by focusing on your path rather than on others’ shortcomings.
You must get rid of fear, self-doubt, and every other shortcoming in your life and embrace the change that is coming your way.
You are blessed with an opportunity to move forward in life, and by staying focused, you can reach the final results or your most desired destination without any problems.
Your destination can be your career, personal life, family, or love. If you reflect on the growth and change your perspective on life, you can achieve your desires.
We have heard of many stories that connect our world with the divine realm.
People have claimed that the angels spoke to them. If you take it in the literal sense, it may be hard to believe, but angels do communicate with us, the mortals, but using numbers.
Have you ever experienced the repeated appearance of numbers in different incidents?
These numbers are called angel numbers, and they materialize before you when the angels want to communicate with you.
A number or sequence of numbers may have appeared before you in different incidents such as on a movie ticket, ok the billboard, in a book, as a grocery bill, and so on.
Angel numbers continue to appear before you until you notice them and decode the message the angels have sent to you.
How Do You Unearth Secrets Hidden In A Number?
Angels have always guided us and will guide us all through our life. When angels number appears before you, it means that the angels have something very important to communicate to you.
The numbers appear before you until you notice that a particular number or sequence of numbers are appearing before you. Once you notice them, you can uncover the hidden meaning using numerology.
Numerology is the field of study of numbers. Numbers have a lot of hidden secrets in them and expert numerologists can uncover these secrets for you. One of the best ways to understand the benefits of numerology is to unearth the secrets that your birthdate holds.
2929 Hidden Meanings
In numerology, to understand the meaning of a sequence of numbers, each number is studied individually.
There is an essence within each number that adds deep meaning to your Life Path number, expression number, personality number, and the message sent by the angels.
To uncover the meaning of the number 2929, you must first understand the meaning of the numbers individually.
What Is The Essence Of Number 2 In Numerology?
In numerology, the number 2 is considered to be feminine. While many people believe that femininity represents weakness, you will be glad to know that number 2 is nothing but weak.
You can bend her but you cannot break her. Number 2 holds a lot of value and refers to finding spiritual purpose in life. Your angels well guide your spiritual journey as you are blessed with a higher calling.
The appearance of this number is a sign that you must set your priorities right. You are an ambitious, well-grounded, and generous person with the willingness to support others.
You have a compassionate soul which seeks the opportunity to help others in their endeavors.
You have created an ideal balance between your well-grounded nature and your ambitions by practicing self-compassion. While you succeed in attaining your goals, you help others attain theirs.
Empathy is the essence that helps you in your journey towards fulfillment. 212 Numerology will help you better understand balance.
What Is The Essence Of Number 9 In Numerology?
The number 9 in numerology is believed to represent completion in the cynical sense as it is the last of the single-digits.
It brings with it, a potential for new beginnings and represents the end of a cycle; or the transformation from one life to another.
The number blesses you with the strengths you need to overcome the weaknesses you have and help you transition. You are blessed with your guardian angel’s empowering wisdom, who takes you into the path of completion.
You are kind, you are compassionate, and you put you believe in putting your efforts into the greater good. A humanitarian by nature, you have had your fair share of struggles as well.
These struggles have taught you a lot and you believe that being compassionate is the right way of life.
Awakening, tolerance, and supportiveness are the essence of number 9 that support you. You will also be warned and to be vigilant towards resentfulness, sacrifice, and suffering.
What Role Does Number 4 Play In The Number 2929?
In numerology, each number holds a strong meaning that when combined together presents you with a deep meaning to life. To understand the meaning of number 2929, it is vital to understand each number individually.
In addition to that, numbers are often reduced to their cardinal or prime number to unearth their hidden meaning. In the case of the number 2929, reducing it to its prime number will help understand its meaning better.
How is a number reduced to its prime number? Each number is added individually until it is reduced to a single digit unless you derive any of the chief master numbers.
Consider the number 2929
Reducing it to its cardinal number 2+9+2+9=22
Further reducing it 2+2=4
The essence of cardinal number 4 will add a lot of value to understanding the meaning of the number 2929.
What Is The Essence Of Number 4 In Numerology?
While the number 2 is believed to represent feminity, the number 4 in numerology is unquestionably a sign of masculinity, signifying strength and stability.
The number influences your personality with four chief characteristics namely Punctuality, Dependability, Productivity, and Obedience.
You also possess a strong and significant hold over patience, a trait that many others fail to possess. A trustworthy person that you are, you attract a lot of attention from people who like to be a part of your life.
You are an introvert who prefers being alone but you enjoy your own company. You are a non-social person who has an old-school and conservative trait.
You are a humble person who is uncomfortable accepting public appreciation. You represent effort and hard work and find fulfillment in your accomplishments.
You are ambitious and pragmatic and believe in giving your best performance to achieve something. You are not a visionary, but you notice everything that happens around you.
You also have excellent memory which is often appreciated, and which aids you in your accomplishments.
Victoria Barnish
Head Writer of - Making sense of numbers to help you evolve as a human being. Lets enrich our lives with abundance through numerology together!
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What is coeliac disease? What is gluten?
What is coeliac disease?
Coeliac disease is a common condition that can manifest itself during childhood or adulthood. It is associated with small bowel malabsorption occurring upon exposure to gluten in genetically predisposed individuals.
Coelliac Wheat Nutritional Evidence
What is gluten?
Gluten refers to the storage proteins (prolamines) found in wheat (gliadin), barley (hordein) and rye (secalin) that can cause an immune response (reaction of the immune system) resulting in damange to the lining of the small intestine (mucosal inflammation, villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia).
Oats contain the protein avenin which can also trigger symptoms in some patients. The fields and mills where oats are grown and manufactured may also produce wheat/ rye/barley, which could result in cross-contamination (1).
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Oncogene Proteins, Viral
expand / collapse MeSH information
Products of viral oncogenes, most commonly retroviral oncogenes. They usually have transforming and often protein kinase activities.
expand / collapse publications
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Oncogene Proteins, Viral" by people in this website by year, and whether "Oncogene Proteins, Viral" was a major or minor topic of these publications.
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Project management header
products page
Task characteristics
Work package
The task is a single item that is often called a ‘work package’.
Giving someone a task to do is very much like setting SMART targets.
Any task you assign must be measurable in terms of its completion.
In addition you must be able to define what resource the task will consume.
This will be:
• Cost
• Effort
• Resource
• Duration
The cost of the task is the total amount to achieve the task completion.
The effort is the amount of man-days or man-weeks involved.
The resource will include the number of personnel and any specific equipment required.
The duration is the expected length of time expected to complete the task given the resource available.
Result in a single (verifiable) end product
The completion of any task should result in a single output which can be measured to show task completion.
This becomes an identifiable ‘product’ of the project and should be listed for progress review purposes.
Clear start and end dates
All tasks must have clear start and end dates that correspond to what is required in the project schedule.
Responsibility of a single person
A task will be the responsibility of one person.
A manager, supervisor or Team Manager may have the responsibility of many tasks but only one person should be responsible for each task (work package) assigned.
Any tasks assigned external to the organisation to outside contractors should be handled carefully.
PRINCE2® [see ‘The Complete Project Management plus PRINCE2’] describes assigning a work package in the process ‘Controlling a Stage (CS)’ and the sub-process ‘Authorising Work Package (CS1)’.
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Prayer of a Righteous Leader…
Prayer can be an overlooked subject. The application to how we draw closer to God, grow spiritually, or endure trials is often to pray more.
What is prayer? How should we pray? Why do we pray? Does prayer really influence God?
Think about how James teaches the necessity of prayer in leadership.
1) Elders are identified as righteous men who are to pray.
2) The working prayer of a righteous man can accomplish much.
3) Turning sinners from their error will save them.
Leading people to salvation must be at the heart of a righteous leaders’ prayer.
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Populations on the open sea are monitored from ships. When the coverage is approximately the same from year to year, we can estimate the number of birds and examine how abundance and distribution change over time.
Are the seabird communities changing?
SEAPOP has joined the ecosystem research cruises in the Barents Sea every year since 2004, and we use the data from these cruises to answer how the seabird communities on the open sea change with rising temperatures and diminishing ice cover. Are Brünnich’s guillemots and little auks (both are arctic species) being replaced by Atlantic puffins and common guillemots (more southern species)? And what do the changes in populations of important prey species such as polar cod, capelin and herring have to say for the changes we see in the seabird communities?
Maps and data
Search for maps and data on the population trends of seabirds on the open sea in our data portal!
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Unit information: France and the World in 2015/16
Unit name France and the World
Unit code HIST20038
Credit points 20
Level of study I/5
Unit director Dr. Cervantes
Open unit status Not open
Special Field Project
School/department Department of History (Historical Studies)
Faculty Faculty of Arts
The twentieth-century was a period of dramatic upheaval in the history of France. The century witnessed two world wars fought upon French territory, defeat and occupation by German forces and the traumas of decolonisation. It also saw profound social and cultural developments which have significantly challenged ideas of what it meant to be French. This module provides a chronological study of the French twentieth century through a series of case studies examining key controversies in French history. It examines how France faced the challenges of war, modernisation and globalisation, and how the French themselves have negotiated and made sense of their past. Students will be introduced to the extensive English language scholarship on this period and will make use of a wide range of source material, including primary documentation, literary sources, artwork and film.
Intended learning outcomes
On successful completion of this unit students will have developed 1. a wider historical knowledge of 20th-century French history; 2. a deeper awareness of how to approach a long term historical analysis; 3. the ability to set individual issues within their longer term historical context; 4. the ability to analyse and generalise about issues of continuity and change; 5. the ability to select pertinent evidence/data in order to illustrate/demonstrate more general historical points; 6. the ability to derive benefit from and contribute effectively to large group discussion; 7. the ability to identify a particular academic interpretation, evaluate it critically and form an individual viewpoint; 8. the acquisition of key writing, research, and presentation skills.
Teaching details
Weekly 2-hour seminar Access to tutorial advice with unit tutor in consultation hours.
Assessment Details
2-hour unseen written examination (summative, 100%)
Reading and References
Rod Kedward, La Vie en Bleu: France and the French since 1900 (2006) James McMillan, Twentieth Century France: Politics and Society, 1898-1991 (1992) Charles Sowerine, France since 1870 (2000) Alice Conklin, Sarah Fishman and Robert Zaretsky, France and its Empire since 1870 (2011).
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David Thouless
British-born American physicist
Alternate titles: David James Thouless
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Thouless, David
Thouless, David
September 21, 1934 Scotland
April 6, 2019 (aged 84) Cambridge England
Awards And Honors:
Nobel Prize (2016)
Subjects Of Study:
Hall effect magnetic field superconductivity superfluidity topology
David Thouless, in full David James Thouless, (born September 21, 1934, Bearsden, Scotland—died April 6, 2019, Cambridge, England), British-born American physicist who was awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on using topology to explain superconductivity and the quantum Hall effect in two-dimensional materials. He shared the prize with British-born American physicists Duncan Haldane and Michael Kosterlitz.
Thouless received a bachelor’s degree from the University of Cambridge in 1955 and a doctorate in theoretical physics in 1958 from Cornell University. He was a physicist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory from 1958 to 1959 and then was a research fellow at the University of Birmingham until 1961. He returned to Cambridge and was a lecturer until 1965 and was a professor of mathematical physics at Birmingham from 1965 to 1978. After being a professor of applied science at Yale University from 1979 to 1980, he went to the University of Washington, Seattle, as a professor of physics and became an emeritus professor in 2003.
Italian-born physicist Dr. Enrico Fermi draws a diagram at a blackboard with mathematical equations. circa 1950.
Britannica Quiz
Physics and Natural Law
What force slows motion? For every action there is an equal and opposite what? There’s nothing E = mc square about taking this physics quiz.
In the early 1970s, when Thouless and Kosterlitz were at Birmingham together, they became interested in phase transitions in two dimensions. Phase transitions happen when a material changes from one ordered type of matter to another; the melting of ice is a phase transition because the water changes from one phase (solid ice) to another (liquid water). In two dimensions, it was believed, random thermal fluctuations would make any kind of order and thus any kind of phase transition impossible. If there were no phase transitions, phenomena like superfluidity and superconductivity could not occur. Thouless and Kosterlitz discovered a topological phase transition in which, at cold temperatures, spinning vortices would form in closely separated pairs and, as the temperature increased, the material would enter another phase in which the vortices split apart and travel freely. This transition is known as the Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) transition (or sometimes the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless [BKT] transition).
In 1983 Thouless also used topology to explain the quantum Hall effect, in which, when a thin conducting layer is placed between two semiconductors and cooled to near absolute zero (−273.15 °C [−459.67 °F]), the electrical resistance of the conductor changes in discrete steps as a magnetic field varies. In fact, the inverse of the electrical resistance, called the conductance, varies in integer steps. He found that the conductance followed a kind of integer known from topology as the Chern number. This work was later extended by Haldane to show that such effects that were dependent on the Chern number could occur even without a magnetic field.
Erik Gregersen
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Types of rusting and how metal surface treatment can help prevent oxidation
June 23, 2020
rusting types and treatmentsFirstly, is oxidation and rust the same thing?
Oxidation is the general chemical reaction of losing one or more electrons in an atom, molecule or ion, however, rust is an oxidation reaction only when iron reacts with water and oxygen. There are different colours of rusts and it’s important to know the difference so you can treat them correctly.
Types of rust:
Red Rust
Hydrated oxide Fe2O3•H2O (high oxygen/water exposure)
The most common type of corrosion is uniform corrosion. This is where an even layer of oxidation appears across the surface of the material. When metal is exposed to high volumes of water and oxygen, the iron oxidises with a contaminate, this creates “red” rust.
Yellow Rust
Iron oxide-hydroxide FeO(OH)H2O (high moisture)
Yellow rust is present in metals that are found in large amounts of standing water. This type of rust is usually found in a solvated state, commonly found near sinks and bathtubs.
Brown Rust
Oxide Fe2O3 (high oxygen/low moisture)
Brown rust can react even with lack of moisture, compared to the others highlighted above. Unlike red rust, brown rust can form as non-uniform corrosion, appearing on specific areas of the material rather than the overall surface. The manufacturing process can usually be the result of brown rust when contaminates are found on metal surfaces.
Black Rust
Iron (II)oxide – Fe3O4 (limited oxygen)
Black rust can form when oxygen cannot reach the material, perhaps it is trapped and covered by another material resulting in a stain-like reaction. Unlike the other types of rust, black rust does not produce as quickly and is not as common which makes it easier to combat.
What happens when a material is not treated?
Premature failure can result in many problems; corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, galling amongst others.
CWST provides a wide range of surface treatment services which can help to mitigate material oxidation and help to increase product life-span and reliability.
1) Thermal Plasma and HVOF Spray Coating
HVOF spray coating and Thermal Plasma coatings are used commonly in the aerospace, automotive, power generation and oil and gas industries. This is due to the coatings ability to resist and present oxidation and erosion. There are a wide range of benefits to using Thermal Plasma and HVOF Spray coatings which you can find out more about by visiting our material surface treatment page.
2) Shot Peening
Component failure is often related to residual tensile stress induced during the manufacturing stage. Our controlled shot peening services are a highly cost-effective method to mitigate corrosion fatigue and wear. Find out more about controlled shot peening today by visiting our shot peening services page.
3) Everlube ® products
CWST provides a range of Everlube ® products which help to lubricated and protect low frictional resistance between two mating parts. Everlube ® products are a form of dry film lubricant coating. Depending on the material application, there are a range of different products that can be utilised to resist oxidation and wear. Find out more about Everlube ® coatings by visiting our material coatings page.
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Connecting Your Things
There are many ways of connecting your IoT devices for the purpose of communication. Each more optimized for a peculiar situation, some easier to deal with than others. In this article, we would look at the most common methods for connecting our IoT devices for the purpose of communication. There are two ways we can make our devices communicate; either synchronously or asynchronously. When communicating over an asynchronous protocol, the sender of the data does not need to tell the receiver the state of its clock. The data is only sent without recourse to the state of the receiver's clock state. However, the data sent has to include other bits in the sent packet to help the receiver determine the start and stop bits of the data sent.
In synchronous protocols, the receive clock is linked to the send clock. This is usually done by adding an additional line between sender and receiver over which clock signals will be communicated. In this method, there is no need for start and stop bits; hence less overheads are incurred.
Data can also be communicated in parallel or serially. Communicating parallelly is expensive since there has to be a lot of lines to communicate. On the plus side, it is mostly faster. For example, if we have to send a series of 8-bit numbers we need 8 parallel data lines in addition to the control lines. Though we send those 8 bits in one burst, we needed one line for each bit - darn expensive!
If we communicate serially, we need fewer lines. Although, both means have their pros and cons, serial communication has proven to be more effective and cost effective. Hence, serial communication is favored over parallel most times.
Some serial protocols for connecting IoT devices include: SPI, I2C, USART, UART(SCI).
Serial Communication Interface (SCI) provides an asynchronous communications interface. Also called Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART), the SCI is a protocol (in some sense) but more appropriately it is a module that allows for asynchronous communication. UART modules are usually built into microcontrollers. The Atmega 328 has one module while the Atmega2560 has 4 of those.
Since, UART is somewhat a very generic protocol, applications have the chance to implement exactly how it behaves. Applications can specify the number of data bits used for communication. Parity bit can be set. This bit helps in error checking. It can be set to 0 or 1 depending on even, odd or no parity at all. Stop bits indicate the end of the data stream. Together with the start bit which is always 1, the stop bit helps synchronize data being transmitted between transmitter and receiver.
The Baud rate is the rate of sending data over the connection lines. These are measured in bit per second(bps) and is controlled by the application. Typical baud rates in 9600bps and 115200 bps. These values are frequency dependent hence are peculiar to the communicating devices. UART uses 2 wires - TXD (transmit) and RXD (receive) for full or half-duplex communication. In duplex communication, both the receiver and transmitter get the chance to send data. In full duplex, both sides can communicate simultaneously while in half-duplex, they take turns.
Data Transmission
Messages are transmitted using an encoding system called Non-Return to Zero (the voltage levels do not return to 0V). In this scheme, 1s are represented by the more positive voltage and 0s correspond to the more negative voltage. Negative logic can also be employed. In that case, 1s are represented by more negative voltages and 0s by more positive voltages. Since communication is asynchronous, data has to be enveloped by a frame consisting of a start bit and a stop bit.
In the idle state(no data is being transmitted), the line is held HIGH. It goes LOW with a start bit which start a UART frame. After the start bit, data bits are transmitted beginning with the LSB(least significant bit). After the data bits, there may follow 1 parity bit. The frame is completed with 1 or 2 stop bits. Stop bits send the line back to a HIGH state.
Synchronization and Error recognition
Because UART is asynchronous, the receiver and the sender's clock are not in sync; hence there has to be an alternate way of syncing the data being transmitted. The receiver knows what bitrate to expect with the set baud rate. However, it does not know where a frame starts from. Hence, it synchronizes to the falling edge of the start bit.
Clock oscillators tend to have a non-zero drift (they drift from their nominal frequency). So, even if they sync. to the sender's clock at the start of the message, they might drift away during transmission.
To regain initial sync., the receiver uses oversampling this means that RXD line is sampled S times per bit. S is typically 16 bits. When receiver detects a falling edge, it assumes the start of a start bit and begins counting the samples.
Errors include parity and frame error. There can also be data overruns.
General UART Frame Format
There is a synchronized version of UART called USART. The basic difference here is the addition of a dedicated line carry clock signal. This is used for synchronization. As can be inferred from the earlier paragraphs, the presence of the clock line reduces the overhead incurred in UART.
This is but the basic stuff about UART, in subsequent articles (which will be practice based) we will use UART for connecting stuff. In those ones we will go deeper as required.
Rene Novor X.K
Mor-Lan Technologies.
How we Work
At Mor-Lan Technologies, we aim at developing the best solution to the most pressing problems we face here in Ghana and Africa at large when it comes to information technologies. Producing high quality products is our focus here!
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Estimating the pelagic ocean’s benefits to humanity can enhance ocean governance
December 13, 2021
The human footprint on the global ocean is ever-increasing, particularly with new ways to grow food in the ocean, new technologies in marine energy production as a way to resolve climate change, and transport and commerce expanding across the ocean. Yet, human activities in the ocean have long been managed using a sectoral approach (e.g., fisheries, biodiversity protection, energy production, shipping) rather than a holistic integration of sector interactions, trade-offs, costs, and benefits. Coordination across sectors is now more critical than ever, not only because of the expanding human footprint but also because of climate change impacts on the ocean. Sustainable global ocean use can support the Blue Economy while also reversing negative climate impacts on the ocean. Advancements in science and technology, along with increasing momentum on global commitments to sound ocean governance, and science diplomacy internationally can support sustainable ocean use with accurate and timely information about the status and trends in the ocean’s ecosystem services (benefits) to society. Near-real time information about ecosystem services’ dynamics is critical to policymaking for a sustainable Blue Economy that works for nature and people in an ever-changing ocean. Here, we propose seven principles for ecosystem service assessments, essentially to international science diplomacy, for consideration by global marine policy communities.
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How do you use literary devices?
How do you use literary devices?
Tips and Tricks: Using Literary Devices to Enhance Your StorytellingAlliteration. Alliteration is using a sequence of words with the same initial sound. Irony. Irony lies in a difference between what is expected and what actually occurs. Metaphor. Personification. Simile. Hyperbole. Powerful Tools.
What is literary devices and examples?
Literary devices are various elements and techniques used in writing that construct the whole of your literature to create an intended perception of the writing for the reader. You probably remember learning about literary devices like personification, foreshadowing, and metaphors in school.
How many figures of speech are there?
What are the ten figures of speech?
10 Types of Figurative LanguageSimile. Metaphor. Implied metaphor. Personification. Hyperbole. Allusion. Idiom. Pun.
What are the 5 figure of speech?
Five important types of figures of speech include hyperbole, symbols, simile, personification and metaphor.
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Networking, DNS Basics
This page contains information for everyday computer users about the campus DNS (Domain Name System) service.
What is DNS for?
DNS (which stands for Domain Name System) is the system computers use to locate each other across the Internet.
In simplest terms, DNS is like an enormous phone book for translating human-readable computer names (such as into machine-readable IP address numbers (such as or 2001:db8::17) which your computer can then use to establish a network connection (i.e. place a call) to the other computer.
Domains are collections of computers that belong together. For example, any web page with a domain name ending in .edu belongs to an educational institution. Any web page with a domain name ending in belongs specifically to the educational institution which is University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
What is a DNS server?
A DNS server is a computer that provides access to this global and constantly-changing phone book. When your computer needs to know the IP address for, it asks the DNS server; the DNS server looks up the answer and sends it back to your computer.
Do I need to know about DNS servers?
In most cases, you won't need to know about DNS servers or change your computer's configuration to access them.
Most modern computers can automatically learn about the campus DNS servers through a service known as DHCP. If you're not having any problems with your network connection, you don't need to change anything.
However, in some cases, you might need to override DHCP's automatic DNS detection and configure your computer to use a specific DNS server.
What are the campus DNS servers' IP addresses?
If a network connection's configuration process asks for DNS server information, and choosing the "automatic" or "DHCP" option doesn't work for you, you can reach the campus DNS servers using the following IPv4 address:
and/or the following IPv6 address:
Technical note: only recursive DNS servers are used directly by your computer as described above. Please do NOT configure your computer to use the IP addresses of,, or as its DNS servers. Those are authoritative-only servers which cannot answer queries for external domain names such as, which in general means that a computer attempting to use them as its DNS servers will not be able to successfully navigate the Internet.
What are the benefits of using the campus DNS servers?
Several well-known companies now offer public DNS servers which can be used by anyone, but the campus DNS servers are specifically designed to provide the best possible user experience while your computer is on the University of Illinois campus network. Benefits of using the campus DNS servers include:
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How To Reduce Your Carbon Footprint?
Climate change is one of the most overwhelming challenges we have to face every year. The science of understanding climate change is intricate, and when we talk of the future impacts- a lot of them are still unknown. Human activities for the past 200 years have made all species stand on the brink of environmental damage. While the best and the most effective solutions will require action on a global scale, there are things we can do on a personal level to minimise the damage. And, reducing your carbon footprint is one such integral part of the action. Let us help you understand what it means and the steps you can take.
What Is Carbon Footprint?
A Carbon Footprint refers to the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions due to the production, use and end-of-life of products and daily life activities of human beings. It comprises carbon dioxide, the gas most commonly emitted, and others such as methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases, which trap heat in the atmosphere and lead to global warming.
What Is the Average Carbon Footprint? | LoveToKnow
Transportation, housing and food contribute to a bulk portion of an individual’s carbon footprint. Our actions and lifestyle choices play a major role in how our environment works. Therefore, by slightly changing your practices and behaviours, you can contribute towards enhancing the health of our environment. Below we’ve outlined some ways you can use to reduce your carbon footprint. Let’s have a look-
1. Reduce energy Usage At Home
From dryers to air conditioners and from fridges to water heaters, a lot of old household appliances consume electricity in huge amounts that add to your carbon footprint. With time, there have been some major advancements in technologies and energy over the past decades- indicating you can now replace your old appliances with new ones that consume minimal energy. This will help you not only reduce your energy use but also save a significant amount of money on the bills of the appliances over time. So, when you shop for electronics, look for products with Energy Star labels, compare efficiencies and then buy one!
2. Buy Eco-friendly Products
Plastics serve as a massive drain to our finite natural resources and are a major contributor to greenhouse gases emissions. They do not decompose completely and fill the soil with toxic chemicals. To reduce the use of wasteful plastics, you may start using products made by climate-neutral companies. These firms use green and reusable materials in order to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and pay for whatever carbon they remove. And, remember to start this change from your home. For example- you can replace your plastic bottles and dispensers with those made of Copper. Purchasing utensils like the best-hammered copper water bottle online will serve dual benefits- decreasing your carbon footprint and you can get health benefits of copper for your body.
3. Transportation
Another change you can make to reduce your carbon footprint is to change your transportation. Choosing public transport or carpooling instead of driving your car to places can have a significant impact on the climate as vehicles are one of the biggest greenhouse emissions’ sources.
4. Reuse
All that you throw away after use adds up to your carbon footprint. Although it's impossible to completely reduce the amount of waste to zero, you can minimise it by purchasing more non-disposable products that last longer. You can give most of your belongings such as shopping bags, containers, coffee cups a new life rather than discarding them, whether for yourself or by giving them to someone else to use.
Final Thoughts
Whether it's reducing your travel, minimizing waste, turning your trash into useful riches or spending less time in the shower, there's a vast list of things you can do to rescue your carbon footprint. So if you wish to take the first step towards it by purchasing utensils such as copperware, Anvore can help you. Our range of eco-friendly drinkware is handmade from 100% pure copper. If you are looking forward to purchasing online eco-friendly drinkware, connect with us today!
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How we get ideas
Building on the concept of schemas, scripts, deltacts, and themes we can suggest how ideas may be generated and the role that creative problem solving aids can play in helping the ideas to emerge. It is supposed that we store all our information, knowledge, and experience in a huge ‘mental book.’ How we deal with a problem is influenced by our perceptions in relation to its content. Our perceived problem has features and attributes which constitute a particular pattern. We then search our memory for a matching pattern related to the subject of the problem (schema or script).
It may be that we do not find any relevant patterns in our memory which can match with those of the problem. Where this is the case, then creative problem solving aids can be extremely useful.
Pattern recognition
There are several theories of how we recognise patterns. In the context of creative thinking then template matching and prototype-matching seem to be the most appropriate theories to examine.
Template matching theory assumes every perceived object (schema, script, or MOP) is stored as a ‘template’ into long-term memory (Shugan, 2002). Incoming information is compared to these templates to find an exact match (Gregg, 2013). That is, all sensory input is compared to multiple representations of an object to produce a single conceptual understanding. The theory considers perception to be a recognition-based process. It assumes that everything we see, we understand only through past experience of it, which in turn then informs our future understanding of it.
In contrast, prototype-matching suggests incoming sensory input is compared to one average prototype. This point of view argues that exposure to a series of related stimuli produces a ‘typical’ prototype based on their shared features. There is then a reduction in the number of stored templates resulting from the standardisation of them into a single representation (Shugan, 2002). The prototype supports perceptual flexibility, because, unlike in template matching, it allows for variability in the recognition of novel stimuli and enables us to find an exact solution to the problem. This is either because we have previously successfully tackled and solved the same problem or because we have, at some time, learnt and stored information on how to solve this particular kind of problem.
Different individuals may exhibit a tendency towards one or the other of these two modes of pattern recognition. We might identify prototypematching with individuals who have a tendency to be divergent thinkers.
The following illustrates the idea of prototype pattern matching.
Suppose we have chunks of information (scripts, schemas) which relate to different kinds of ‘bottleneck’ situations. Imagine, for example, that one refers specifically to watching the emptying of liquid from a bottle. In looking for patterns in the information we might consider the following features about the process:
Feature 1. There is a large volume of water to be poured from the bottle. Feature 2. The bottle has a narrow outlet.
Feature 3. As we pour, water stops and start to flow as the volume builds up at the neck of the outlet.
Feature 4. The whole process of emptying out the water is slowed down by the narrow outlet.
Now let us turn to look at two other situations about which we have information and which appear to have similarities with that of ‘pouring water out of a bottle’:
1 Rush-hour traffic flow
Feature 1. Large volume of traffic.
Feature 2. Limited carriageway capacity at certain points forcing traffic to slow down to avoid accidents.
Feature 3. Traffic stops and starts.
Feature 4. The speed and process of passage slowed down in comparison with other times of the day.
2 Hospital routine operations
Feature 1. Large number of new patients on waiting lists.
Feature 2. Treatment of patients impeded by lack of available beds, staffing shortages, and need to give preference to emergency operations.
Feature 3. Hold-ups and increased waiting times for patients.
Feature 4. Slow down speed with which treatment is delivered.
For each of the above situations we may know ways of dealing with the problems each of the situations presents and this may be extremely useful where we are dealing with new situations that are directly comparable with one or other of the above situations. In other words, they would be TEMPLATES for how to deal with the new situation. However, it might well be that while a new situation which has arisen may concern ‘bottlenecks’ it does not have a matching pattern (set of similar features or attributes) with any one of the above template patterns. This where the notion of the PROTOTYPE pattern, based on ‘averaging’ the features of the TEMPLATES, comes into play. In the example illustrated here the prototype pattern might be:
Feature 1. Large volume/numbers flowing through a system.
Feature 2. Progress may be impeded by inadequacies in facilities at certain points of the process.
Feature 3. Flow subject to interruptions.
Feature 4. Progress is slower than desired/ expected.
Associated with the PROTOTYPE may be general ideas on how to deal with situations of this type. Trying to match the new situation with the PROTOTYPE may then enable insights into the new situation to be found. If these prove to be useful, then the new situation (and any insights gained) can become a TEMPLATE itself and in turn influence the nature of the PROTOTYPE on a future occasion. The process is summarised in Figure 1.3.
This approach to creative problem solving is mirrored in analogical thinking and the use of analogical reasoning techniques such as synectics. In the next chapter we will look at how the theoretical ideas in this chapter can be related to practice.
Example of "bottleneck”
Pattern matching using TEMPLATE and PROTOTYPE
Figure 1.3 Pattern matching using TEMPLATE and PROTOTYPE
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One of the important challenges in theoretical neurobiology is understanding the relationship between spatially structured activity states in the brain and the underlying neural circuitry that supports them. This has led to considerable interest in analyzing reduced biological models of neuronal networks. Most analytical studies of these network models assume that the system is spatially homogeneous. Recently, however, the principal investigator has shown that the combined effect of a spatially localized inhomogeneous input and recurrent synaptic interactions between neurons can result in nontrivial forms of coherent oscillations and waves. This motivates the current research project, which will carry out a more detailed study of the cellular and network mechanisms underlying the generation of these oscillations and waves. The research program will be divided into three parts corresponding to three distinct neurobiological application areas: (I) epileptiform activity in a model of disinhibited neural tissue, (II) stimulus-induced coherent oscillations in a model of primary visual cortex, and (III) localized activity states in a two-layer thalamic network model of the head direction system. In each of these cases the existence and stability of coherent activity states will be analyzed, and their dependence on various biologically relevant parameters will be determined. The mathematical aspects of the work will also be applicable to other population-based biological systems, in which the basic elements at the molecular, cellular or organismal level interact nonlocally in space.
Analysis of the dynamical mechanisms underlying spatially structured activity states in neural tissue is crucially important for understanding a wide range of neurobiological phenomena, both naturally occurring and pathological. For example, neurological disorders such as epilepsy and migraine are characterized by waves propagating across the surface of the brain. Determining the various cellular and network properties underlying the onset of such disorders could ultimately help in developing clinical techniques for eliminating them. Spatially coherent activity states are also prevalent during the normal healthy functioning of the brain, encoding local properties of visual and auditory stimuli, encoding head direction and spatial location, and maintaining persistent activity states in short-term working memory.
National Science Foundation (NSF)
Division of Mathematical Sciences (DMS)
Application #
Program Officer
Mary Ann Horn
Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
Budget End
Support Year
Fiscal Year
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
University of Utah
Salt Lake City
United States
Zip Code
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Introduction to Laboratory Safety
The purpose of this unit is to give trainees a general understanding of basic principles of safety in a laboratory setting.
At the conclusion of this unit, trainees will have a basic understanding of general hazards that exist in laboratories, basic personal protection equipment to protect from those hazards, how to locate information about chemicals, basic standard operating procedures and chemical hygiene practices, and how to respond in emergency situations.
Duration: 0.8 hours
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More than 1,000 high school games canceled across Arizona amidst omicron surge
Valley school leaders say they're working to remain overly cautious and ensure the safety of students as they deal with the surge's impact on sports.
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Eating disorders are conditions that occur in people who experience a difficult relationship with food. They may face extreme guilt with eating, a fear of weight gain, and an unrealistic body image. These thoughts can disrupt and take over their daily lives.
Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about 2 eating disorders: anorexia nervosa (commonly known as anorexia) and bulimia nervosa (commonly known as bulimia). Some people show signs and symptoms of both eating disorders.
Anorexia is an eating disorder that results in unhealthy weight loss. People with anorexia may have a distorted body image, and they restrict their calories and/or purge to reach unrealistic weight goals. Calorie restriction often involves increasingly narrow food choices, smaller portion sizes, and skipped meals. Guilt about eating can lead to purging through exercise, vomiting, or medications such as laxatives. Malnutrition can develop, with potential harm to typical growth and development....
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Distinct mechanisms act in concert to mediate cell cycle arrest.
Toettcher, Jared E, et al. “Distinct mechanisms act in concert to mediate cell cycle arrest.”. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106.3 (2009): , 106, 3, 785-90. Web.
Date Published:
2009 Jan 20
In response to DNA damage, cells arrest at specific stages in the cell cycle. This arrest must fulfill at least 3 requirements: it must be activated promptly; it must be sustained as long as damage is present to prevent loss of genomic information; and after the arrest, cells must re-enter into the appropriate cell cycle phase to ensure proper ploidy. Multiple molecular mechanisms capable of arresting the cell cycle have been identified in mammalian cells; however, it is unknown whether each mechanism meets all 3 requirements or whether they act together to confer specific functions to the arrest. To address this question, we integrated mathematical models describing the cell cycle and the DNA damage signaling networks and tested the contributions of each mechanism to cell cycle arrest and re-entry. Predictions from this model were then tested with quantitative experiments to identify the combined action of arrest mechanisms in irradiated cells. We find that different arrest mechanisms serve indispensable roles in the proper cellular response to DNA damage over time: p53-independent cyclin inactivation confers immediate arrest, whereas p53-dependent cyclin downregulation allows this arrest to be sustained. Additionally, p21-mediated inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase activity is indispensable for preventing improper cell cycle re-entry and endoreduplication. This work shows that in a complex signaling network, seemingly redundant mechanisms, acting in a concerted fashion, can achieve a specific cellular outcome.
Alternate Journal:
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
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Minutes of the meeting at La Rosa Hotel on Thursday 17 October 2019.
Present: JonathanSue, LesleyJennyBMike, Malcolm Johnstone, Ian(chair).
Apologies: Adele, PipRoyLouise, Graham.
Topic: How we write.
Matters Arising
Sue handed round a flyer from the local library entitled “Book Bingo!” The idea was to complete five squares in a row, the squares having instructions like: Read a book set in the past, or Read a book that was made into a film. The completed “bingo card” will go into a prize draw in January 2020 for a book token. The competition is intended to encourage people to read more books.
Ian presented the apologies he’d received, saying he had heard from Jenny Hill, whose voice had improved following homeopathic treatment, and who was feeling much better.
How We Write
In place of the group’s normal activity: members taking turns to read from their work-in-progress, the meeting chose to follow up an idea raised at the previous meeting. This was to explain to each other the topics we choose to write about, and how we go about the task, finding time and summoning the necessary enthusiasm.
Several members keep specialised files in connection with their writing…
Mike makes detailed notes on each of his main characters: their physical characteristics, occupation, age, personality, likes and dislikes, significant things that have happened to them and relations to the other characters. He made reference to his current humorous novel in-progress, following the career of a GP called Seymour in a small village in the West Riding of Yorkshire whose mother, deciding he needs looking after, comes to live with him and sets about finding him a new wife. The novel offers great scope for imaginative insights into the other characters based on the invariably interesting symptoms they present with in Dr Seymour’s surgery.
Sue keeps a “Tags” file, containing tag lines such as “Damn; that should have worked!” Snatches of conversation devoid of attribution or context can occur to her anywhere and at any time (she recommends carrying a notebook and pencil everywhere). She writes down such “tags” until she discovers what they’re all about and can fruitfully employ them in her stories. She writes once each day and likes to work outside. To get in the mood for writing she recommends leaving an unfinished sentence. Something else to get her in the mood: work to music. Not varied music: she always plays the same piece, the idea being not to entertain or divert but to re-establish the tone or the mood which is to permeate her writing. Ian suggested that incense might work well for some people. Once Sue has started however she’s immune to all distractions and interruptions, sometimes forgetting to go to work. Her ideas for stories typically arise from some sort of incongruity, but she stresses the need to enforce consistency when writing. Nevertheless she recommends “banishing the editor” – the inner figure that stifles creative output at source – and getting it down on the page before paying attention to where it needs rephrasing or correcting.
JennyB writes historical novels, and strongly recommends making oneself aware of contemporary historical events. Also, to avoid anachronistic names, find out what given places were actually called at the time. Thus, in the 17th century, the North Sea was called the German Ocean. Jonathan confirmed that this name stretches back at least to Roman times, when it implied no exceptional size to the body of water in question. Ocean was the fabled river that ran all round the edges of the (known) world, and its conjectured course would have taken it past Britannia and the North Sea.
How do writers go about developing their idea? Lesley never knows if a short story is going to turn into a full-length novel. She gains inspiration from Arthurian legends, suspecting that if her present-day hero could go back to the reign of King Arthur (if that monarch ever existed) he would find a far different world from the popularly imagined one of mediaeval castles, knights-in-armour, heraldry and chivalry. This led to some interesting proposals for solving the problem of describing a world unfamiliar to the general reader. Sue, writing speculative fiction, is forever faced with the need to introduce her reader to an “alien” world (in the general sense) without having to cram history, geography or astronomy down the reader’s throat. She suggests making her leading character a child or a foreigner, someone themselves unfamiliar with the target world and therefore needing to ask around for names and explanations.
What are good books on writing? Ian recommended On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft by Stephen King (you don’t have to be a fan of his horror novels to appreciate his humour and down-to-earth advice). Others endorsed the recommendation. Lesley recommended Writing A Novel by John Braine.
The meeting concluded at 13:05 PM.
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Thymus zygis
Last updated
Thymus zygis
Thymus zygis 1.JPG
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Genus: Thymus
T. zygis
Binomial name
Thymus zygis
Loefl. ex L.
Flowers of Thymus zygis Thymus zygis subsp. sylvestris Closeup 2010-5-31 MestanzaValledeAlcudia.jpg
Flowers of Thymus zygis
Thymus zygis in sandy soil Thymus zygis 4.jpg
Thymus zygis in sandy soil
Thymus zygis is a type of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae.
Its leaves are thin and about 8 mm in length. [1] It has white flowers. Sandy and loamy soils are ideal for this species and it is tolerant of nutrient poor soil. It can tolerate acidic to alkaline soil conditions. [2]
It is very common in the southern half of Spain, Portugal and in Morocco. [1]
It is diploid but the chromosome number has been found to vary among the species. The size of the chromosomes are typically between 1-2 μm. [1]
Thymus zygis is a gynodioecious species. As a result, there is a wide range of female frequency (17 – 87%) and a female frequency mean of 51%. [3]
This species is able hybridize with other species of the genus Thymus when there is overlapping flowering periods. [4]
T. zygis ssp. gracilis
This subspecies is diploid with a chromosome number of 28 (2n = 28).
This subspecies has a greater distribution than the other two subspecies. It has a more erect growth habit than subspecies sylvestris. [1]
T. zygis ssp. sylvestris
This subspecies is diploid with a chromosome number of 56 or 58 (2n = 56, 58).
This subspecies does not grow near the coast. It is found in cold and wet environments which differs from the other two species. It has a denser indumentum when compared with the subspecies zygis. [1]
T. zygis ssp. zygis
This subspecies is diploid with a chromosome number of 28 (2n = 28). [1]
Thymus zygis is used as a food source. It is used as a dried and fresh herb collected from the wild in Spain and Portugal. It is also a popular herb to cultivate and hybridize with other Thymus species due to its diverse aromatics. [1] However, Thymus vulgaris is more commonly used as herb than this species.
Essential oils
Thymus zygis is mostly used for the production of essential oils and is the main species used for thyme oil. Due to the high abundance of this species in the Iberian Peninsula, Spain is the dominant country producing essential oil from this species. There are three major regions in Spain that produce thyme oil: Almería, Murcia, and Albacete. In 1989, the production of Thymus zygis essential oil was 25 tons. From 1990 to 1998, there was between 35 and 45 tons of essential oil produced annually. There is a growing demand for essential oils so it is likely that the production is greater nowadays. Harvesting the plant during its flowering stage yields the highest amount of essential oil and the lowest yield of essential oil was during its dormancy period. The compound composition varies at different stages of the vegetative cycle. The essential oils of this species are store in the glandular peltate trichome. The main compounds of interest in essential oils are thymol, carvacrol, linalool, and p-cymene. The concentration of each compound may be different depending on what plant the essential oil is harvested from. This difference is due to the variety of chemotypes existing for this species. There are multiple chemotypes for each of the subspecies. [1]
Subspecies gracilis has two major chemotypes: thymol chemotype (maximum 68.1% )and linalool chemotype (maximum 82.3%). The essential oils produced from each respective chemotype are effective in vitro against some gram-negative and gram-positive strains. Depending on the concentration the essential oils can be bacteriostatic or bactericidal. The findings from this study suggest that the essential oils can be used as natural preservatives to prevent bacterial growth and increase shelf life of certain food items. [5]
Subspecies sylvestris has four major chemotypes: linalool chemotype (maximum 30.0%), carvacrol chemotype (maximum 25.0%), thymol chemotype (maximum 23.8%), and geranyl acetate/geraniol chemotype (maximum 20.8% and 19.8% respectively). The thymol chemotype is one of the most common chemotypes in Spain. All essential oils derived from each chemotype were shown to be effective against dermatophyte fungal strains with the carvacrol chemotype being the most effective in vitro. Additionally, there was not any cytotoxic effects shown on eukaryotic mammalian cells at concentrations that are effective against dermatophyte strains. [6]
There are a variety of uses for thyme oil. It can be found in the production of perfumes and cosmetics, flavoring of chocolates, toothpaste, mouthwash, and cough medicine. [7]
Thymus zygis contains flavonoids which is a group within polyphenols. Flavonoids have many functions in plants and in thyme studies have shown that they possess antioxidant properties which helps protect against free radicals. [8]
Polyphenols found in the species and subspecies:
Thymus zygis [1]
Thymus zygis ssp. sylvestris [1]
Thymus zygis ssp. zygis [1]
Common names
Some English common names are Spanish thyme and white thyme. Since it is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula it has many common names that are not of English origin. Below is a list of non-English common names. [9]
Common names:ajedrea (Spanish, Castillian), ajedrea menuda (Spanish, Castillian), ajedrea menuda española (Spanish, Castillian), almaradux salsero (Spanish, Castillian), almoradux de la tierra (Spanish, Castillian), almoraduz (Spanish, Castillian), común (Spanish, Castillian), escarqueja (Spanish, Castillian), farigola salsera (Catalan), ferrigola (Catalan), herba tioira (Galician), herba tioirera (Galician), herba tioura (Galician), jenjerina (Spanish, Castillian), mejorana (Spanish, Castillian), morquera (Spanish, Castillian), ouregâo do mato (Portuguese), paticas de mona (Spanish, Castillian), poexo (Galician), ratero (Spanish, Castillian), rosmarinho (Portuguese), salserilla (Spanish, Castillian), salsero (Spanish, Castillian), salseta de pastó (Aragonese), sanjuanes (Spanish, Castillian), señorida de flor blanca (Majorcan), sensero (Spanish, Castillian), serpâo-do-monte (Portuguese), serpol de peñas (Spanish, Castillian), sinserino (Spanish, Castillian), thymo de España (Spanish, Castillian), timonet (Catalan), timonet (Valencian), tioira (Galician), tombillo (Spanish, Castillian), tomilhinha (Portuguese), tomilho (Portuguese), tomilho vulgar (Portuguese), tomilleja (Spanish, Castillian), tomillina (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo aceitunero (Aragonese), tomillo aceitunero (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo aceytunero (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo albar (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo ancinoso (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo ansero (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo áspero (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo basto (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo blanco (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo borriquero (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo de aceitunas (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo de flor morada (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo de flor rojiza (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo de las aceitunas (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo de las fustas (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo de San Juan (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo del campo (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo español (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo fino (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo lagartijero (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo macho (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo negrillo (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo negro (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo oloroso (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo piojoso (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo rastrero (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo risquero (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo rojo (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo salao (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo salsero (Aragonese), tomillo salsero (High Aragonese), tomillo salsero (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo salsero de Toledo (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo sanjuanero (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo sansero (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo sansero fino (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo serrillo (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo tanarro (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo terrero (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo terrestre (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo zaucero (Spanish, Castillian), tomillo zorrero (Spanish, Castillian), tremonsillo (Catalan), tremonsillo (Valencian), tumillo (Spanish, Castillian)
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Oregano is a flowering plant in the mint family (Lamiaceae). It is native to temperate Western and Southwestern Eurasia and the Mediterranean region.
Spearmint Species of mint
Spearmint, also known as garden mint, common mint, lamb mint and mackerel mint, is a species of mint, Mentha spicata, native to Europe and southern temperate Asia, extending from Ireland in the west to southern China in the east. It is naturalized in many other temperate parts of the world, including northern and southern Africa, North America and South America. It is used as a flavouring in food and herbal teas. The aromatic oil, called oil of spearmint, is also used as a flavouring and sometimes as a scent.
Thyme Herb with culinary, medicinal and ornamental uses
Thyme is the herb of some members of the genus Thymus of aromatic perennial evergreen herbs in the mint family Lamiaceae. Thymes are relatives of the oregano genus Origanum. They have culinary, medicinal, and ornamental uses, and the species most commonly cultivated and used for culinary purposes is Thymus vulgaris.
<i>Coleus amboinicus</i> Species of plant
Coleus amboinicus, synonym Plectranthus amboinicus, is a semi-succulent perennial plant in the family Lamiaceae with a pungent oregano-like flavor and odor. The origin of Coleus amboinicus is unknown, but it may be native to Africa, and possibly India. Coleus amboinicus is widely cultivated and naturalized elsewhere in the tropics where it is used as a spice and ornamental plant. Common names in English include Indian borage, country borage, French thyme, Indian mint, Mexican mint, Cuban oregano, soup mint, Spanish thyme. The species epithet, amboinicus refers to Ambon Island, in Indonesia, where it was apparently encountered and described by João de Loureiro.
Thymol Chemical compound found in plants including thyme
Thymol (also known as 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol, IPMP) is a natural monoterpenoid phenol derivative of p-Cymene, C10H14O, isomeric with carvacrol, found in oil of thyme, and extracted from Thymus vulgaris (common thyme), Ajwain and various other kinds of plants as a white crystalline substance of a pleasant aromatic odor and strong antiseptic properties. Thymol also provides the distinctive, strong flavor of the culinary herb thyme, also produced from T. vulgaris.
Phytochemistry is the study of phytochemicals, which are chemicals derived from plants. Phytochemists strive to describe the structures of the large number of secondary metabolites found in plants, the functions of these compounds in human and plant biology, and the biosynthesis of these compounds. Plants synthesize phytochemicals for many reasons, including to protect themselves against insect attacks and plant diseases. The compounds found in plants are of many kinds, but most can be grouped into four major biosynthetic classes: alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, polyketides, and terpenoids.
Rose oil Essential oil
Rose oil is the essential oil extracted from the petals of various types of rose. Rose ottos are extracted through steam distillation, while rose absolutes are obtained through solvent extraction, the absolute being used more commonly in perfumery. The production technique originated in Persia. Even with their high price and the advent of organic synthesis, rose oils are still perhaps the most widely used essential oil in perfumery.
<i>Thymus praecox</i> Species of flowering plant
Thymus praecox is a species of thyme. A common name is mother of thyme, but "creeping thyme" and "wild thyme" may be used where Thymus serpyllum, which also shares these names, is not found. It is native to central, southern, and western Europe.
A chemotype is a chemically distinct entity in a plant or microorganism, with differences in the composition of the secondary metabolites. Minor genetic and epigenetic changes with little or no effect on morphology or anatomy may produce large changes in the chemical phenotype. Chemotypes are often defined by the most abundant chemical produced by that individual and the concept has been useful in work done by chemical ecologists and natural product chemists. With respect to plant biology, the term "chemotype" was first coined by Rolf Santesson and his son Johan in 1968, defined as, "...chemically characterized parts of a population of morphologically indistinguishable individuals."
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Nerolidol Chemical compound
Nerolidol, also known as peruviol and penetrol, is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene alcohol found in the essential oils of many types of plants and flowers. There are two isomers of nerolidol, cis and trans, which differ in the geometry about the central double bond. Nerolidol is present in neroli, ginger, jasmine, lavender, tea tree, Cannabis sativa, and lemon grass, and is a dominant scent compound in Brassavola nodosa. The aroma of nerolidol is woody and reminiscent of fresh bark. It is used as a flavoring agent and in perfumery and is used in non-cosmetic products such as detergents and cleansers. It is currently under testing as a skin penetration enhancer for the transdermal delivery of therapeutic drugs. Additionally, it is known for various biological activities include antioxidant, anti fungal, anticancer, and antimicrobial activity. It is one of several organic volatiles produced by the Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. petraea flower in response to insect feeding. Because of its hydrophobic nature, nerolidol is easily permeable across the plasma membrane and can interact with intracellular proteins. However it has a high cytotoxic potential and can disrupt the membrane.
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Thymus herba-barona is a species of thyme native to Corsica, Sardinia, and Majorca. It is also sometimes known by the common name caraway thyme, as it has a strong scent similar to caraway, for which it can be used as a substitute in any recipe. It can be used in cuisine or as an evergreen ground cover plant for the garden.
<i>Thymus vulgaris</i> Species of flowering plant
Thymus vulgaris is a species of flowering plant in the mint family Lamiaceae, native to southern Europe from the western Mediterranean to southern Italy. Growing to 15–30 cm (6–12 in) tall by 40 cm (16 in) wide, it is a bushy, woody-based evergreen subshrub with small, highly aromatic, grey-green leaves and clusters of purple or pink flowers in early summer.
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<i>Thymus pannonicus</i> Species of flowering plant
Thymus pannonicus, known by its common name Hungarian thyme or Eurasian thyme, is a perennial herbaceous plant, distributed in central and eastern Europe and Russia. It grows over open dry meadows, grasslands, and rocks.
<i>Origanum onites</i> Species of plant
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<i>Phlomoides tuberosa</i> Species of flowering plant
Phlomoides tuberosa is a perennial flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae native to China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia; SW Asia and Europe. Enlarged, tuberous roots give rise to erect stems to 150 cm bearing purple-red flowers.
2,5-Dimethoxy-<i>p</i>-cymene Chemical compound
2,5-Dimethoxy-p-cymene, or thymohydroquinone dimethyl ether, is a phytochemical found in the essential oils of plants within the family Asteraceae. These essential oils, which contain the compound as a major component of the oil, have antifungal, antibacterial, and insecticidal properties.
Manuka oil is an essential oil obtained from the steam distillation of the leaves and small branches of the manuka tree, Leptospermum scoparium. Manuka is commonly known as mānuka, or New Zealand tea tree. Manuka grows throughout New Zealand, and is particularly common on the drier east coasts of the North and South Islands. It also grows in parts of Australia, such as Tasmania, Victoria and New South Wales. Manuka oil is used in a wide range of cosmetics, cosmeceuticals and naturopathic and topical medications.
1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Thyme : the genus thymus. Stahl-Biskup, Elisabeth., Sáez, Francisco, 1964-. London: Taylor and Francis. 2003. ISBN 9780415284882. OCLC 53018541.CS1 maint: others (link)
2. "Thymus zygis PFAF Plant Database". Retrieved 2018-04-16.
3. Manicacci, Domenica; Atlan, Anne; Elena Rossello, Juana Anna; Couvet, Denis (1998-11-01). "Gynodioecy and Reproductive Trait Variation in Three Thymus Species (Lamiaceae)". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 159 (6): 948–957. doi:10.1086/314085. ISSN 1058-5893.
4. Sáez, Francisco (1995). "Essential oil variability of Thymus zygis growing wild in southeastern spain". Phytochemistry. 40 (3): 819–825. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(95)00347-a.
5. Rota, María C.; Herrera, Antonio; Martínez, Rosa M.; Sotomayor, Jose A.; Jordán, María J. (2008). "Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of Thymus vulgaris, Thymus zygis and Thymus hyemalis essential oils". Food Control. 19 (7): 681–687. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2007.07.007.
6. Gonçalves, M.J.; Cruz, M.T.; Cavaleiro, C.; Lopes, M.C.; Salgueiro, L. (2010). "Chemical, antifungal and cytotoxic evaluation of the essential oil of Thymus zygis subsp. sylvestris". Industrial Crops and Products. 32 (1): 70–75. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.03.005.
7. Rodrigues, Vanessa; Cabral, Célia; Évora, Leisa; Ferreira, Isabel; Cavaleiro, Carlos; Cruz, Maria Teresa; Salgueiro, Lígia (2015). "Chemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity of Thymus zygis L. subsp. sylvestris (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cout. essential oil and its main compounds". Arabian Journal of Chemistry. doi: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.08.026 .
8. Jordán, María J.; Martínez, Rosa M.; Martínez, C.; Moñino, I.; Sotomayor, Jose A. (2009). "Polyphenolic extract and essential oil quality of Thymus zygis ssp. gracilis shrubs cultivated under different watering levels". Industrial Crops and Products. 29 (1): 145–153. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2008.04.021.
9. "The Euro+Med Plantbase Project". Retrieved 2018-04-16.
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Three doctors break down the similarities and differences between each of the respiratory illnesses.
The cold-weather season has arrived, and with thousands of new cases of the coronavirus being reported each day throughout the country, it will be more important than ever to monitor your health this winter. "In past years, we haven't had to worry about COVID-19, so if we felt sick, we only had to try to distinguish our symptoms between the common cold and the flu," Dr. Paul Sherman, Chief Medical Office at Community Health Plan of Washington explains.
picking up a tissue
Credit: Getty / Mumemories
However, since the common cold, the flu, and COVID-19 and are all forms of respiratory illnesses, differentiating between the symptoms of all three can be tricky. "Some of the early symptoms of a respiratory illness are similar, regardless of the virus causing it," says Dr. Evelyn Darius, a physician with PlushCare, a leading provider of virtual primary care. "As a result, it's difficult to tell the difference, especially in the early phase." We asked Dr. Sherman, Dr. Darius, and Dr. Carl Cameron, the Chief Medical Officer at MVP Health Care, which symptoms are unique to the common cold, the flu, and COVID-19, and here's what they had to say.
Common Cold Symptoms
Dr. Darius says the symptoms of a common cold usually peak within two to three days and can include sneezing, coughing, fever, watery eyes, a sore throat, headache, and a stuffy or runny nose. "Symptoms related to a common cold are usually milder in severity than influenza or COVID-19," she explains. "People with common colds usually do not become short of breath or experience difficulty breathing." However, Dr. Darius says that it is important to note that people who have a mild presentation of COVID-19 or the flu can also appear to have a common cold. "We do know there are people who acquire COVID-19 who are asymptomatic (i.e., have no symptoms); hence it is imperative not to make assumptions based on symptoms alone," she adds.
Flu Symptoms
Since the symptoms of the flu or COVID-19 present themselves in similar ways, it's crucial to see a doctor if you are experiencing a fever, cough, sore throat, headache, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, body aches, or fatigue at any point this season. "With the flu, the symptoms tend to be more sudden in appearance, whereas with COVID-19, it's a bit slower to appear," Dr. Darius notes. "Flu symptoms usually respond to antiviral medications like Tamiflu if started at the appropriate time, and most people will recover from the flu in days to less than two weeks."
COVID-19 Symptoms
Dr. Sherman says that the biggest challenge in differentiating between the coronavirus, a cold, and the flu is that COVID-19 reveals itself in so many different ways: fever or chills, cough, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, fatigue, muscle or body aches, headache, sore throat, congestion or runny nose, nausea or vomiting, and diarrhea are all symptoms. However, Dr. Sherman says there is one key trait that is unique to COVID-19. "The only symptom that can clearly differentiate COVID-19 from a cold or the flu is if a person has new loss of taste or smell," he says. "Another way to potentially differentiate is that cold and flu symptoms usually resolve within a week, so if symptoms last longer, it's probably COVID-19—but waiting more than a week is waiting too long to figure that out."
Preventative Measures
Fortunately, there are several steps you can take to lower your chances of getting a cold, the flu, and COVID-19 this winter. "You can prevent contracting all three illnesses by taking preventive measures like wearing a mask, using hand sanitizer, washing your hands regularly, social distancing, and getting a flu shot," Dr. Cameron says. Additionally, Dr. Sherman recommends cleaning and disinfecting any frequently touched surfaces in your home at least once a day, including tables, doorknobs, light switches, countertops, handles, desks, phones, keyboards, toilets, faucets, and sinks. "Use detergent or soap and water prior to disinfection," he advises. "Then, use an EPA-registered household disinfectant."
When to Call a Doctor
If you experience any of the symptoms of a common cold, influenza, or COVID-19 at any point in time this winter, Dr. Darius says it's imperative to contact a doctor and get tested immediately. "The clinical features of COVID-19 overlap substantially with influenza and other respiratory viral illnesses, and there is no way to distinguish among them without testing," she explains. "People should monitor their symptoms closely and get tested for the flu or COVID-19 as soon as possible."
Comments (1)
Martha Stewart Member
December 23, 2020
In addition, I've been taking Vit C, D3 and Zinc daily and haven't had a cold or flu or covid symptoms in the last year. Hope everyone stays well. Pray for the very sick.
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