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Select one tliird, and never over one half dry, for unless you have a bad stove indeed, you can cook equally as well, and be as comfortably warmed, and save one quarter of the expense. Every man that can, should season his wood under cover, as its value is much increased thereby. True economy is the wealth of the nation — and it should be the pride of all our pursuits, the pillar of our domestic happiness — for it makes the most of our own means for supplying our own wants, and for being useful to others. It is truly the poor man's wealth and capital. Yours, &c. S. P. Remarlts. — We are obliged to Mr Perkins for his communication, and hope he will favor us again. His ingenious suggestions may set many to think- ing. A good farmer in Westboro', tells us he intends to make a fair trial of the plan of soiling cows through the summer season ; that is, keeping them in a yard and feeding them with green fodder. For ourself we have never tried this mode of feeding. The Hon. Josiah Quincy has tried it for many years, and he thinks it a good mode where the land is suitable. The English practice soiling extensively. The manure made from a cow so kept, will be worth twice as much as from one kept in the usual way. It seems that Mr Perkins has made 4 cords and that he thinks he can make six with a little exer- tion. This agrees with a statement in our last pa- per that one cow would make manure enough for an acre of tillage land each season. We have often said a middling cow will make twice as much manure as a middling hog. But the great difficulty with most farmers is, that they have lands so rough or bo distant that they cannot be easily njown and the green crops carted to the yard. Another objection is the increased labor of tending the cowa. But our correspondent suggests that a mechanic who keeps but one, may feed her from half an acre of land, or even one fourth of an acre, if it is made rich. Now if half an acre will be sufficient, it will be the cheapest keeping that a mechanic can have ; for the labor of mowing enough for his cow, each day, would be less than the labor of driving 80 rods to a pasture ; and a mechanic whose business is constantly at his own shop, could cut his grass without the least inconvenience. Nay, he might be absent for a day, and more, for his fodder would keep longer than the manna of the men of Israel, and any of his family could deal it out. We should like to see many more trials of this mode of feeding. We are not yet prepared to re- commend it strenuously to our friends, though we think there are many strong arguments in its fa- vor. It is a fact that in hot weather, in fly lime, cows are much more fond of getting into the barn, or under it, than of remaining out; so are horses, though Ihey are not so annoyed with flies. Racks may be so made as to save nearly all th fodder ; and where a man's land lies close to tli barn and can be mown, it may be the most econc mical mode of keeping his cattle. If six, or evr four cords of manure can be made from a cow, will make a tolerable dressing, even for land ; tillage. But grass lands may be kept in good o! der with one fourth part of what is required fe grain or for potatoes. We invite our hlacksmitl and our shoemakers to make a partial trial of th mode of keeping. In regard to the comparative economy of usin dry and green wood, much may be said. It is bi lieved by many that a green stick of hard wood, you can make it burn, will give out more heat tha the same stick when dried, and we are inclined 1 adopt this opinion. One advantage of dry wood i you may keep a fire with it without putting o half a cord at a time. If you have a stove, wil short pipes, not liable to be choked up, you may t well use green wood as dry, after your fire is we kindled. We are pretty confident there is no loi in it; there may be considerable gain, as our co respondent suggests; and his assertion in regai to charred wood, green and dry, is worth attcndini to. The sap of wood is not pure water. The wai nut and the rock maple have sap that is full of st' gar ; and both these kinds of wood are more vali able for fuel when green than when dry. Bol will burn freely enough in any common fire-plac and these are the best kinds of fuel in the countr Next come the yellow locust and the apple tre The sap of these also is quite rich, and both wi burn well in a green state. — Ed. Plowman. VALUE OF THE EXPORTS OF AMERICA! PRODUCE. Summary statement of the value of the Exports, the growth, produce and manufacture of tl United States, during the year commencing t the Ist day of October, 1840, and ending on tl 30th of September, 1841 : The Sea. Fisheries — Diied fish, or cod fisheries, $602,81 Pickled fish, or river fisheries (herring, shad, salmon, mackerel,) 148,9* Whale and other fish oil, l,2OG,0C Whalebone, 34.3,3C The Forest. Skins and furs, Ginseng, Products of wood — Staves, shingles, boards, hewn timber, $2,54!>,812 Other lumber, 200,175 Masts and spars, 58,991 Oak bark and other dye, 153,519 All manufactures of wood, 548,308 Naval stores, tar, pitch, rosin and turpentine, 084,514 Ashes, pot and pearl, 573,026 $2,840,85 993,2f; 437,24 J}griculture. Products of animals — Beef, tallow, hides, horned cattle, 904,918 Butter and cjieesc, 504,815 4,834,341 6,204,85 VOb. Xtl. NO. 94. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 189 Pork, (pickled.) bacon, lard, live hnrrs, 2,661,547 Horses and mules, 2i>.%143 Sheep, ■•IS.rC? egetable food — Wheat, 829,881 Flour, 7,7.59,646 Indian corn, 312,9.54 Indian meal, 662,457 Rye meal, 138,505 Rye, oats, and other small grain, and pulse, 1.59,893 Bi.scuit, or ship bread, 378,041 Potatoes, ' 64,402 Apples, 48,396 Rice, 2,010,107 4,360,180 Tobacco, Cotton, 11 other agricultural products — Flaxseed, 50,781 Hops, 28,823 Brown sugar, 23,837 12,377,282 16,737,462 12,506,703 54,330,341 Manvfadurts. Soap and tallow candles, 494,577 Leather, boots and shoes, 193,583 Household furniture. 310,105 Coaches and other carriages 60,456 Hats, 100,725 Saddlery, 22,456 Wax, 74,120 Beer, porter and cider. 59,133 Spirits from grain. 97,150 SnufFand tobacco, 873,877 Lead, 96,784 Linseed oil, and spirits of tu rpentine. 52,162 Cordage, 31.582 Iron — pig, and nails. 138,537 Castings, 99,904 All manufactures of. 806,823 Spirits from molasses, 371,294 Sugar, refined, 1,384,974 Chocolate, 2,606 Gunpowder, 146,934 Copper and brass. 72,932 Medicinal drugs, 136,469 5,591,147 itton piece goods — iPrinted and colored, 450,503 ■White, 2,324,839 Twist, yarn, and thread, 43,403 All manufactures of, 303,701 .1.122.546 IX and hemp — Cloth and thread, Bags and all manufactures of, Wearing apparel, Combs and buttons, Brushes, Billiard tables and apparatus. Umbrellas and parasols. Leather and morocco skins not sold pound. Printing presses and type, Fire engines and apparatus. Musical instruments, Books and maps, per 2,764 10,636 77,907 47,548 2,590 906 7,699 38,689 561 22,439 16,119 40,620 Paper and stationery. Paints and varnish, Vinegar, Enrtbcn and stone ware. Manufactures of glass, Tin, Pewter and load, Marhlo and stone, Gold and silver, and gold Gold and silver coin, Artificial flowers and jewelry, Molasses, Trunks, Brick and lime. Domestic salt, Articles not enumerated — Manufactured, Other articles, 6,481,502 626,857 823,566 1,450,423 Total domestic exports, ,$106,382,722. Treasury Department, Register's Office, July 7, 1842. T. L. SMITH, Register. THE GROWING INTEREST IN AGRICUL- TURAL PURSUITS. With our neighbor of the New England Farmer, in his remarks on this important subject, we con- cur in the sentiment expressed, " that it is matter of rejoicing, that much ia yet to be learned — and may the time never come when man shall be com- pelled to till the earth without having it in his power to learn how to do his work better." Should the editorial corps, by the diffusion of practical truths and the lights of science, be the happy instruments of hastening the world towards a state of perfection in the cultivation of the earth, even until it should groan under the burthen of its productions, and man become surfeited with its riches and luxuries, still would we say, in the spi- rit of the age, go ahead. Man's destiny is not li- mited to " Tliis mouldy vesture of decay," that feeds upon material stuff. He was not made for a mere tiller of the soil, to muddle in the dirt. This ball of earth is but a foctfhold, a stopping place, to refresh his mortal self in his career through time, and purposely made for the benefit and use of intellectual beings, and to be governed by moral and intellectual power. The development and ex- pansion of those powers to their utmost limits, is the grand purpose of his compound existence. And scientific agriculture is the field wisely adapted to the exercise and discipline of his physical and in- tellectual energies, and to capacitate him for that more etherial and exalted sphere of action to which he is destined. But the material results of agri- cultural skill afford no sustenance for the intellec. tual man ; that thrives only on the Tree of Knowl- edge ; a perennial plant, which is the food of an- gels— a plant susceptible of everlasting culture. -Conn. Farmer's Gnz. Duelling — Dr. Franklin. — When Franklin was in England, prior to tho American revolution, ho was one night in ono of the coffee-houses in Lon- don, in company with a number of literary and sci- entific gentlemen, who greatly admired his conver- sational powers, both for their force and originality. A stranger, who was afUjcted with a most offen- sive odor, and who seeined pleased with the Doc- tor's conversation, came into the box in which the party was assembled. Franklin proposed that his friends should remove to another box to escape the horrid smell: they did so, but the stranger followed them : again, at Franklin's instance, lliey removed, and again he followed ; when, the Doctor's patience getting exhausted, he said to the stranger that he would be obliged to him not to follow them again, for his scent was so offensive it could not be borne. He of the smell took this as a gross insult, and challenged the Doctor the next morning to a duel. The Doctor replied thus: "If I accept your chal- lenge, and we fight, and you kill me, I shall in a few days smell as bad as you do now : — If I kill you, you will, if possible, smell worse than you do at present: in neither case can I see how Any be- nefit can result to ourselves or others, and there- fore decline the challenge." — Selected. Ingenious Expedient to Evade the Post Office Law. — The Postmaster General has recently writ- ten a letter, stating that the writing of any thing upon the margin of a newspaper, other than the name of the person to whom it is sent, subjects it to letter postage. Also, that any hieroglyphics come under the same head. " The many ingenious devices to evade the pe- nalty of the law," says the Postmaster General, " may be inferred from the facts in a single case which was brought to my notice. A man had been in the habit of writing on the margin of a pa- per to his father, to save letter postage. When ar- rested by the application of the provisions of tho act of 1825, he adopted atspecies of singular hiero- glyphics. His object was to let his father know that his family were well, and would be up in a few days ; so he sent a newspaper with nothing but his name written on it : but he had penciled on the margin a fac simile of a saddler's awl, point- ing towards the representation of a well with a sweep and bucket going up — thus distinctly con- veying the message to his father that 'all his fam- ily were well, and were coining up to see him.' " There is this difference between health and mo- ney : money is the most envied, but the least enjoy- ed ; health is the most enjoyed but the least envied ; and the superiority of the latter is still more obvi- ous when we reflect that the poorest man would not part with health for money, but that the rich- est would gladly part with all his money for health. Worse than the Toothache. — A Dutchman, pro- ceeding to a place from whence he heard cries of distress, discovered one of his countrymen lying under a stone wall which had fallen upon him and fractured his legs. " Veil, den, neighbor Vander- diken, vat ish de matter vid you .'" " Vat de mat- ter I vy do n't you see mine conditions, vid all deesh pig stones upon me, and poth mini^ legs proke off close py mine poddy.'" '' Mine Cot !" said Honie, "ish dat all ? you hollered so like tun- der, I thought you wash got de toothache !" — Se- lected. Be slow to believe you are wiser than all others : it is a fatal but common error. Where one has been saved by a true estimation of another's weak- ness, thousands have been destroyed by a false ap- preciation of their own strength. Napoleon could calculate the former well, but to his miscalculations of the latter, may be ascribed his roin. — Lacon. 190 NEW ENGLAND FARMER, DEC. It.HS'ia. Ann HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. | Boston, Wednesday, Dkcember 14, 1842. LYING ABOUT CROPS AND PROFITS. 1 " Some books arc lies frae end to end, And some great lies were never penn'd ; Ev'n mmisters. they have been kenn'd In holy rapture, A rousing whid,at times to vend, And nail't wi' scripture." Mr Editor — There seems to me a spirit of lying abroad which ought to be rebuked, and I wish you would give your roaders a homily on the subject, " And nail't vvi' scripture." From my recollection of your ef- forts in that way in " old times," I have reason to know that such an exercise would bo as wholesome to some of your correspondents and to many of your readers, as are your excellent hints on the management of the farm. I refer more particularly to the habit of bragging, so mueh indulged in in the papers and public reports. In your paper of the 7th December, there is an article cre- dited ? to the Worcester Spy, and headed " Apples," which is a good specimen of what I refer to. It con- tains as many lies as lin«s. There is no doubt that the person referred to in the article has the thirty acres of apple trees, and just ns little doubt that he has spent fifty years in rearing them, and that they are nearly the whole result of the labor of a life. The fact, however, that the 15U0 trees on tliese 30 acres, now in a " fine healthy slate and full bearing," produce no more than 800 barrels of apples, shows a want of skill in their se- lection or management, which I should think he would be slow to brag of. There was no occasion for "scour- ing" the country for trees to make additions to his orch- ard. Enough might be found within ten miles of Boston and at reasonable prices loo, for his wants, if they were ten times as great as they are. The assertion that he could have three dollars and a Haifa barrel for his 800 barrels of apples, is too gieat a lie to dwell on. Every one ^who has dealt in the arti- cle this year, knows that selected Baldwins can hardly be sold at retail for two dollars, and that the wholesale price has not been, and is not now, above one dollar and a half a barrel. If" the demand for exportation is limited only by the supply," as the article asserts, why do not the dealers now ship off some of the thousands of barrels that are now rotting in our cellars and cannot be sold here.' It is true that one merchant has shipped about 500 barrels of this article annually for a few years past, to Calcutta but wiih various and not uniform success. He ships them <in his cargoes of ice, and could not of course send them in any other way. He bought his supply this year for $1 50 a barrel. This, after rejecting fully one third as unfit for shipping such a distance, makes the cost of what remain $2 25. Only the very fairest are ever shipped to that market. It i» notoriously untrue that shipments to England, the West Indies, S. America, and the Mediterranean give equally good returns. Shipments to nearly all those places have been almost uniformly disastrous. Unless shipped with ice, every body who knows any thing about the matter, knows tiiat they cannot be sent a 00 days voyage with any chance of success. 1 would not be thought, by any thing I have said, to underrate the cultivation of the Apple. It is undoubted- ly one of the best, if not the very best crop that can be raised between the Kennebec and the Hudson, and whin its cultivation is belter understood, the barren looking hills in many pans of that great region will be covered with the trees. Whilst on the subject of bragging, I meant to have said something of some of the slati'inentB made to our late excellent Siale Commissioner, the cessation of whose useful labor.-i, we all regret. But I have only time now I to hint to the assessors of some of the towns in the eastern part of MiddUsex county, that if they will read his Report f.r 1811, (the 4th), ihey will find one " facul- ty," richly developed whicli they probably -never have 1 taxed : and such disclosures of " incomes" as canno f^iil to be of great benefit to them when they next take an account of the " gudes and gear" of the worthy peo" pie in those parts. Yours, very truly, A MIDDLESEX FARMER. inr Lying, is it .' Perhaps it is. Much is published about farming in general, and nbout the productiveness and profits of particular farms, that no farmer can be- lieve. Whether this is the result of downright ii/m^> or the result of ignorance and llioughtlessnes?, it may not be easy to determine. It is unfortunate that so many false and misleading things in relation to farming, should be circulated. They give false and deluding no- tions to the people of all other pursuits — they tend to make the inhabitants of cities and villages look upon faimers as the most unthankful and grumbling set of men upon the face of the earth — they operate also to al- lure many a mechanic and trader from a business by which he can earn a good living, to a farm where he will almost surely run behind hand. In these times of mercantile embarrassments, and of perplexities in trade, hundreds and thousands are asking whether it would not be well for them to leave the thronged city and sef tie down upon a farm. To such we must say emphati- cally, that there is no probability— that there is scarcely a possibility that a man who has spent many of his days in the city, and got city habits and tastes fixed upon himself and his family— there is scarcely a possibility that he can get a bare living from a 5 or 6000 dollar farm. If he can live where he is, he had better stay where he is, unless he has several thousands to spare after the farm is paid for. To those who are practically unacquainted with farming, we must say, do not believe the many statements which represent farming as very ■profitable. Now and then a particular crop niay give its grower a large profit, but this is an exception to the gen- eral rule. We hardly know where the chief fault lies. Papers devoted to ngricultftre are established, and must be fill- ed from week to week or month to month. The farm- ers themselves, they who know all the facts, are reluc- tant to write them out; but an attempt must be made to get them. Let an editor talk awhile with a farmer and he may get at some of the desirable facts as to his pro- cesses and results — but it is generally only a part of them, and that part such as lead to wrong inferences. In some such way as this, many of the objectionable articles are made up, we presume, though we cannot plead guilty to doing much in this way. A plentiful intermixture of lies and exaggerations, and marvels makes a paper the more palatable to too many readers, and perhaps extends the fame and circula- tion of the paper. This may argue a depraved public laaie ;— but the existence of such depravity will mani- fest itself, whether argued into light or not; and there are loo many writers ready to earn a copper by catering to this depravity. The evil alluded to, and pointed out by our corres- ptindent, does prevail most extensively. We see it and feel it every week. We are obliged, much against our will, to give circulation to many things coming through most respectable exchange papers — that we can't make up our minds to believe, and yet, we can't doubt, with out saying to some rsspectable man — " you lie, air." We are not sorry to see the lies of such an article n: that which our correspondent has criticised, thus expos ed — some of them are apparent to every reader ^ho lia sold a barrel of apples. And if it is thought right tlir we should bear a portion of the blame for admitting ili lies to the columns of the Farmer — we must say Jlmcn Self Culture, by William E. Channing, D. D,w:i a Biographical ijketch of the Author. James Munroe & Co., Boston, have just published ai uncommonly neat little vol., comprising a few fact? i Dr. Channing's life, and also an address by this gifle man, on Self Culture, which he delivered in Bostui September, 1838, as introductory to the Franklin Lti tures. The well known views of this gifted man, in regar to the nature, capabilities and destiny of the human sou and in regard to man's duty to himself, are all that nee be remembered, to show that a work from his polishc and soul stirring pen, would be instructive and useful I every reader. We are glad to dee the address in a fori which will make it not unseemly on the centre table i in the parlor. It will make a pretty and useful Chris mas or New Year's present. Distemper among Cattle in Brairtlree. — We last wet mentioned the death of an ox and two cows in Brai; tree — and a report also that nine hogs, that eat of tl meat of the ox had died. This part of the story, that i the death of the Jwgs, is all fabulous. Stores — It is downright madness, isn't it.' to say word against the general use of stoves. They are convenient — they save so much fuel — they keep t, house so warm. All these benefits are claimed ; ai let them be allowed. But even then it is questional whether Ihey are worth having. The confined and u healthy air, and the great heat, though not unpleasii to many people, while breathing and feeling them, j must have, in very many instances, very debilitating fects. Good, pure air is one of the absolute requisites general good health. Stoves generally, and anthrac coal in small or close rooms, both work a portion of t debility and also of the dejection and low spirits whi are common, and are, we think, on the increase. Consumption. — Mr Adams Mott gives the follow! statement in the Maine Farmer: — "A friend of mil who resides in Industry, in this State, told me his w was sick of what the doctors call consumption. S was visited by five physicians, who gave her over. S was very sick — was unable to set up — had a sevi cough — and grew no better, but rather worse. She collected that she had before received benefit from t use of St. Johnswort : her husband procured some it — it was steeped, and she made it her constant drir For four or five days there appeared to be but little al ration; but afier this, she grew belter very fast; a her health was so much improved, that in the coi six or eight weeks she was able to resume ber custon ry occupations." Man is an embodied paradox, a bundle of contrad lions; and as some set-off against the marvellous thin that he has dono, we might fairly adduce the monstro things that he has Wieserf. The more gross the frat the more glibly will it go down, and the more greedi will it be swallowed — since folly will always find fai wherever impostors will find impudence. — Lacon. ^•01.. XXI. NO. 34. AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 191 MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. NOTICE. .The Coininitle« on Vegetables, are hereby notified that there will he a meeting ut the Horticultural Rooms, on SATURDAY next, at half-past 10 o'clock. Dec. U SAMUEL POND, Chairman. TllERMOMKTRtCAL Rttptiried forihe New England Farmer. U.in^of the riietmometerat the (lardenof the proprietors if tilt New England Farmer, Llrighton, Mnea. in a shaded lortiierlycuposure, foriheweek ending Dec. 11. Dec. 1842. | 7,A.M. | 12, M. | S.P.ftlTf Wind. Monday, luesdav, •Ve.lnesday, Thursday, 'rilav, Saturday, iund.iy, 5 36 45 6 23 26 7 21 29 8| 26 34 9! 34 27 o| 25 23 1 1 22 32 3J E. N. W. N. N. E. N. N. N. URIUHTON MARKET.— MoKDAT, Dec. 10, 1842. SeponedfortheNew England Farmer. At Market 820 Beef Cattle, 100 Stores, 2800 Sheep od 1550 Swine. Prices. — Beef Cattle. Last week's prices were fully jstained, viz: We quote few extra $4 50. First qual- y, $4 00 a 4 25. Second quality, $3 50 a 3 75. Third aality, $2 75 a 3 25. Barrelling Cattle.— Mess $3 75. No 1, $2 50. Sheep — Lots were sold fromC7c. to $1 75. Wethers om $1 T5 to 2 75. Sicinc. — Sales brisk at low prices. Lots to peddle, 3-8 a 2 1-2 for sows, and 3 3-8 a 3 1-2 for barrow. • retail from 3 to 4 1-9. Sales of fleece to a considerable extent have been m.ide during the week, in some instances at a reduction ironi re- tail prices. Prime or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 37 a 40 c. — Amer- ican full Mood, (111 33 a 35--Do. 3-4 do 32 a 33— Do. l-2do 2i a 30-1-4 and common do 25 a 2'f — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 25— Do. unwashed, 10 a 13— Bensjasi do 8 a 10— Saxonj, clean, 00— Bueiuis Ayrcs iin|-.i(,l(ecl, 7 a 10— no. do. nickeil, 12 a 16— Superfine Northern pulled lamb 33 a 35— No. 1 do. do. do. 23 a 30— No. 2 do do do 20 a 22— No. 3 do do do — a —. HOPS. Duty 20 percent. Nothing doing that requires notice. About 75 bales came in from the country early in the week. 1st sort Mass. 1842, lb, 9 a 9 12. 2d do. do. do. 7a 7 1-2. HAY, per ton, SlG to 13— Eastern Screwed 812 to 13 CHEESE— Sliijiping and 4 meal, 6 to 8c.— New 9 to 11. EGGS, 18 a 20. POIIDRETTE I POUDRETTE I ! The subscribers keep constantly on hand and for s.ile, Poudrelie in quantities to suit purchasers ; packed in Bar- rels in order lor shipping, or transportation by wagon or Rail Road. The experience of five years ) ast has satisfied many larmers that this manure has the quickest operation upon vegetable mailer, producing greater abundance, and is the cheapest manure they have ever tried. Orderii left at the New England Seed Store, and at the factory in Rrookline, will meet with prompt attention. For salebyJ.BRECK&.CO,61 and 62 North Market St., Boston. Oct. 20. WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT, Corrected Kith great care, weekly. iiEEDS. Herds Grass, $2 50 to 3 00 per bushel. Red Top, to 50 cents. Clover— Northern, OU to 12c.— Southern, 0 0 c. Klax Seed, SI 73 per bushel. Lucerne, 30 c.per lb. .nary Seed, S3 50 per bushel. 3RAIN. Duty, Corn, Rye and Beans, free ; Barley 20 r cent, ; Oats 20 per cent. Demand not large, but about equal to the supplies. IIorn-Northem. old, bushel 5S to 60— Southern, round low, old, 57 a 58 — Southern flat yellow, new, 51 a 53— do. while 50 a 51 — do New Orleans, on a 00— Barley a Rye, Northern, 72 a 73 —do. Southern, 62 a 65— ts. Southern, 27 a 23— Northern do. 30 to 32— Beans, per :hel 75 a 1 23.— Shorts, per double bush. — a ■ Bran ?LOUR. The past week has been a very dull one for ur. Baltimore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. $4 87 a 0 00 do. arf, so 00 a 0 UO do. free of garlic, S4 75 a 0 00 — Phila- phia do. 4 mos. $4 75 a 0 00 —Fredericksburg, lowl'd 4 J. $4 73 a 0 00 — Alexandria, wharf mountain, —4 75 a -Georgetown, S5 00 a 5 23— Richmond Canal, 84 87 a 0 00 o. City, So 00 a 0 00— Pelersburgh, South side So 00 a 0 00 0. Country S4 73 a 0 00— Genesee, common, cash, S4 84 a ■ do fancy brands S5 12 a 6 25 — Ohio via Canal, I 5 00- do do New Orleans, cash S4 75 a 0 00. Rye' I 0 00— Indiai Meal in bbls. S2 73 a 3 00. ' ROVISIONS. The stock of Beef is comparatively Jl, and some of the largest holders are asking higher es. eef— Mess 4 luo. new hbl. $7 60 a 8 00— Navy — $7 00 a .—No. 1, 5 00 a 6 00— do Prime S3 50 a 4 00— Pork ra clear 4 mo. bbl. 3 11 60 a 00 00— do Clear Si 0 50 a 1 1 00 Mess, 8 00 a 8 50— do Prime S5 00 a 6 00— do Mess 1 other States, — a — — do Prime do do So oo a 0 00 Cargo do. 0 a 0 00 Clear do do SOO 00 a 00 00— ler, shipping, 6 a 8— do store, uninspected, 8 a 10 do y, 12 a 15,— Lard, No. 1, Boston ins. 7 a 7^ — do :hand Western, 6 3-4 a 7 1-2. Hams, Boston, 7 a7 1-2— hern and Western, 6 a 7— Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal i — do new milk, 7 a 0. ' OOL. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex- atioB shall not exceed 7 cts. per pound, free. All where- le Talue exceeds 7 cts. per pound, 30 per ct. ad, val. and I per pound. CORN SHELiLERS. A Corn sheller is one of the most convenient and labor saving implements that the practical farmer has in use. Various machines for ibis purpose have been invented. It can be used in all cases for large or small sizt'd ears. It is very simple in its construction, and durable in its operation, and no way liable to get of order ; one man can work it to good advantage, though a man to turn, and a boy to feed il, works it much better than one alone. They are so light and portable, as to be easily removed from place to pla~ce, and one machine will serve for several families or even the in- habitants of a small town. Willis's Impboved Double Operating Corn Shel- ler.— The most perfect and substantial article that has been introduced for the purpose ; this machine can be worked by hand, or any other power, and will shell two ears of corn at the same time; they are highly approved by all that have used them. For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 51 and 52 North Mark- et street. JAVA AND MALAY FOWLS FOR SALE. The subscriber has a few pairs of the Java and Malay Chickens to diS)>ose of; they are very fine and of large growth Price S3 per pair. JOHN GILES. Providence, R. I. Nov. 30 3w WILLIS'S LATEST IMPROVED VEGETABLE CUTTER. HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH. Great improvemenis have been made the past year in the form and workmanship of these Ploughs; the mould beard has been so formed as to lay the furrow completely oner, turn, ng m every particle of grass or stul^ble, and Leaving the ground in the best possible manner. The length of ihe mould board has hf n very much increased, so that the Plough works with the greatest ease, bolh with respect to the holding and the team. The Committee at the late trial ol Ploughs at Worcester, say, " ^'"'fl'' °"'' "P'"'"" ''<= ^sked as to which of the Ploughs we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps say lo the inquirer, if your land is mostly light and easy to work, try Prouly & Mears, but if your land is heavy, hard orrookv BEGiK WITH Mb. Howard's." At the above me!;tioned trial the Howard Plough did more work, with the same power of team, than any other plough exhibited. No other turned more than twenlysc/eo and one half inches, lo the 112 lbs. draught, while Ihe Howard Plough turned twentynine and one'half inches to the same power of team ! All acknowledge that Howard's Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantially made. ' ■There has been quite an improvement made on the shoe, or land side of this Plough, which can be renewed without liaving to furnish a new landsidei this shoe likewise secures the mould board and landside together, and strengthens the riough very much. The price of the Ploughs is from S6 to S|5. A Hough sufftcienl for lireaking up with four cattle, will cost about »10 fiO, and with cutler Si, with wheel and cutter, 82 60 extra. ' The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, at the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 & 52 North Market Street, by ' JOSKPH BRECK & CO. April 20 GRINDSTONES ON »-RICTION ROLLERS. This machine surpasses all others for the purpose of cut- ting Ruta Baga. Mangel Wurtzel, and other roots. The great objection to other machines, is their cutting the roots into slices, which makes il almost impossible for the cattle lo get hold of them : this machine wilh a little alteration, cuts them into large or small pieces, of such shape as is most convenient for the cattle to eal. It will cut with ease from one to two bushels of roots per minute. For sale by J. BKECK & CO., Nos. 51 anil 52 North Market st. SPLENDID BULBOL'S FLOWER ROOTS. Just received by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., from Hoi- land, a very large and well selected assortment of Dutch Bulbous Roots, among which are ihe following. Hyacinths— OoMh\e while, double rosy, double red, dark blue, light blue, light blue and yellow, single white, white with red and purple eye rosy, pink, light and dark blue, com- prising 150 varieties of choice named sorts. Tu/ips- Fine late named sorts, fine double do., mixed single, mixed double, single and double, Van Throll for forc- ing. Parrots, &c. &c. Crown Imperials, double red and yellow, single red and yellow, &c. &c- &c. Polyanthus Narcissus, Narcissus, Jonquilles, Ranauculus, Anemones, Iris, Crocuses of all colors and varieties, Glad- iolus, Lilies, Paeonies, &c. &c. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., No 61 and 58 North Market st. Oct. 26 Grindstones of different sizes, hung on friction rollera and moved wilh a foot treader, is lound lo be a great improve- ment on the old mode of hanging grindstones. Stones hung in this manner are becoming daily more in use, and wherever used, give universal satisfaction. The rollers can be attach- ed to stones hung in the common way. For sale by J. BRECK &. Co., No. 61 North Market street. SEED BEANS. The subscribers will pay cash for the following Beans, vix: China Dwarf, Dwarf (Jaseknife, Horticultural, Early Mo- hawk, and Thousand to One. They must be clean and purs J. BRECK & CO. 61 and 62 North Market st. BobIod Oct. 12. 19^ NEW ENGLAND FARMER. DEC. 14, l>-i MISCELLANEOUS TEMPERANCE WATCHWORD. TusEs—BroonjJidd. Bcllville. Bost. Acad. Coll. Hark, now we answer, see we come, We come at froetlom's holy call : We come, we coino, we come, we cume, To do the glorious work of all : And hark ! we raise from sea to sea, The temp'rance watch-word. Liberty. God is our guide, from field and wave. From plough, from anvil and from loom, We come, our countrymen to save. And speak a heartless tyrant's doom ; And hark ! &c. We see the curse invade our land ; We hear the sufferers call for aid ; We come to lend a helping hand. And break the bonds strong drink has made. And hark, &c. We draw not the devouring sword. Nor war's destructive fires we light, By reason and the living word Of God, we put our foes to flight. And hark, &c. We bring rich blessings in our train, And spread them with a liberal hand ; We wipe away the guilty stain Of drunkenness from off our land. And hark, &e. We come the cottage to repair, And give back comforts banish'd long, To spread the board with ample fare, And tune afresh the cheerful song. And hark, &c. We bid the dying drunkard live, To his parched lips the cup we bring, We burst his fetters, and we give .Him rest beside our crystal spring. And hark, &c. We come with tidings from above, Good will and peace to men on earth ; We come to tell a Saviour's love. And fill the soul with heavenly mirth; We raise the watchword liberty, And call on all men to be free. THE MAN WHO WAS ALWAYS TOO LATE. I had an appointment one morning with a Mr Benj. Hind, wlio always signs his letters " B Hind," and certainly a more appropriate signature was nev- er known. I waited from twelve o'clock, the hour mentioned, until near two, before he came, and 1 gently hinted to Mr B Hind, how much he was behind his time. II My dear sir," said he, "you may tliink it strange, but I had the misfortune to be born half an hour too late, and though I 've been in a bustle ever since, I have never, with all my industry, been able to bring up the'loat time." " Indeed ! how so ?" " Why listen, and I'll conviuoe you that in my appointment with you, I have only been keeping up the part allotted me by fate, even before I was born. My grandfather had two daughters who were both married on the same day. He had made his will, and then read it to them. By it, he bequeath- ed the whole of his property, £20,000, to that daughter who was first blessed with a eon. With such a sum in perspective, who would not wish for a child? And my mother no sooner found that such a result was probable, than my delighted fath- er engaged the doctor and nurse, and baby linen was Tmrnediately prepared ; there was, however, one drawback to his joy — my mother'a sister had similar expectations. " The momentous hour at length arrived, 'big with the fate of £30,000. At eight o'clock in the morning I came into 'this breathing world,' but my fortunate rival at half past seven — and thus 1 was too late, because he was before me. " My parents, disappointed in their expectations of wealth, cared' little about me, and I was suffered to run wild till eleven years of age, when they sent me to school. The young urchins laughed to see a great boy, or booby, as they called me, spelling his a b, ab, and so teazed me during the few months I stayed, that a dunce I remained — a sad proof that I had gone to school too late. " At length my father procured me a berth on board an Indiaman. I was rigged out— my stores sent to the vessel— I parted with my parents with- out regret, for they loved me too late— ■passed two days in London— left in the evening— travelled all ni^ht to Portsmouth, and to my consternation found'the ship had sailed the day before— of course, I was loo late. " My father thought then the best plan to settle me would be by matrimony, and I was introduced to a young lady who possessed both beauty and money, but she had another suitor. However, her father and mine agreed upon the wedding day— the ring was bought, and every thing arranged. To keep the matter private, I was to meet her at the church. Unluckily, I overslept myself by the hla\ half hour — I arrived at the church doors just in time to see my intended bride walking out as the wife of my rival ! I was too late, and remain- ed B Hind solus. "In short, I was born too late, educated too late I can't say I was settled too late, because I have never been settled at all — I can 't keep a lodging, for all my landladies say I come home too late — then I am unfit for business, because 1 get up too late if 1 go to the play I 'm too late — whether I have to 'buy or sell, I'm always too late — and I verily believe, that if I were going to be hanged, I should come to the scaffold half an hour too late. I am called the late Mr B Hind, and, true to the cognomen, I am always behind." — JV. Y. JVews. AaRICUl.TCR/l.Ii IMPliBMESTS, &o The Proprietors of the New England Agricultural Wa house and Seed Store No. 51 and 62 Norlh JVlarliel sire would inform their customers and the puhlic ijenerally tt they have on hand Ihe most extensive asBiiitmenl ut Ag cultuial and Horticultural Tools to lie found in the Unii States. Part of which are the folic— ■ 1000 Howard's Patent Cast Iron Ploughs.
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PleIAs/common_corpus/00000/10
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{
"__index_level_0__": 48801,
"collection": "English-PD",
"creator": "None",
"dataset": "PleIAs/common_corpus",
"date": 1839,
"identifier": "newenglandfarmer21bost_47",
"language": "English",
"language_type": "Spoken",
"license": "Public Domain",
"open_type": "Open Culture",
"title": "New England farmer, and horticultural register",
"token_count": 10267,
"word_count": 7296
}
|
The first streak of dawn is the signal for lowering the boats, all pulling for the head- waters, where the whales are expected to be found. As soon as one is seen, the officer who first discovers it sets a “ waif” (a small flag) in his boat, and gives chase. Boats belonging to other vessels do not interfere, but go in search of other whales. When pursuing, great care is taken to keep behind, and a short distance from the animal, until it is driven to the extremity of the lagoon, or into shoal water; then the men in the nearest boats spring to their oars in the exciting race, and the animal, swimming so near the bottom, has its progress impeded, thereby giving its pursuers a decided advantage: although occasionally it will sud- denly change its course, or “dodge,” which frequently prolongs the chase for hours, disposed of. The quantity found in any one we are convinced that mussels have been found individual would not exceed a barrelful. in the maws of the California Grays; but as From the testimony of several whaling-men yet, from our own observations, we have not whom we regard as interested and careful ob- been able to establish the fact of what their servers, together with our own investigations, principal sustenance consists. MazineE MAMMALS. — 4. 26 MARINE MAMMALS OF THE NORTH-WESTERN COAST. the boats cutting through the water at their utmost speed. At other times, when the cub is young and weak, the movements of the mother are sympathetically It is rare that the dam will When within “darting distance” (sixteen suited to the necessities of her dependent offspring. forsake her young one, when molested. or eighteen feet), the boat-steerer darts the harpoons, and if the whale is struck As soon as the boat is fast, the officer goes into the head,* and watches a favorable it dashes about, lashing the water into foam, oftentimes staving the boats. opportunity to shoot a bomb-lance. Should this enter a vital part and explode, it kills instantly, but it is not often this good luck occurs; more frequently two or three bombs are shot, which paralyze the animal to some extent, when the boat is hauled near enough to use the hand-lance. After repeated thrusts, the whale becomes sluggish in its motions; then, going “close to,’ the hand-lance is set into its ‘life,’ which completes the capture. The animal rolls over on its side, with fins extended, and dies without a struggle. Sometimes it will circle around within a small compass, or take a zigzag course, heaving its head and flukes above the water, and will either roll over, ‘‘fin out,’ or die under water and sink to the bottom. Thus far we have spoken principally of the females, as they are femnd.in, the lagoons. Mention has been made, however, of that general habit, common to both male and female, of keeping near the shore in making the passage between their northern and southern feeding-grounds. This fact becoming known, and the bomb- guny coming into use, the mode of capture along the outer coast was changed. The whaling parties first stationed themselves in their boats at the most favorable points, where the thickest beds of kelp were found, and there lay in wait watching for a good chance to shoot the whales as they passed. This was called ‘kelp whaling.” The first year or two that this pursuit was practiced, many of the animals * Whalemen call the forward part of a whale- boat the head, differing from merchantmen, who term it the bow; still, the oar next to the for- ward one in a whale-boat is named the bow- oar. And, likewise, when the boat is hauled close up to the whale by heaving the line out of the ‘“‘bow-chocks,” and taking it to one side against a cleat which is placed a few feet aft of the extreme bow, it is called ‘‘bowing- on.” ¢ The bomb-gun is made of iron, stock and all. It is three feet long, the barrel of which is twenty-three inches in length; diameter of bore, one and one-eighth of an inch; weight, twenty-four pounds. It shoots a bomb-lance twenty-one and a half inches long, and of a size to fit the bore. It is pointed at the end, with sharpened edges, in order to cut its way through the fibrous fat and flesh, and is guided by three elastic feathers, which are attached along the fuse tube, folding around it when in the barrel. The gun is fired from the shoulder, in the same way as a musket. For illustration, see plate xxiii. THE CALIFORNIA GRAY WHALE. 27 passed through or along the edge of the kelp, where the gunners chose their own distance for a shot. This method, however, soon excited the suspicions of these sagacious creatures. At first, the ordinary whale-boat was used, but the keen- eyed ‘‘Devil-fish” soon found what would be the consequence of getting too near the long, dark-looking object, as it lay nearly motionless, only rising and falling with one man to scull and another with the rolling swell. A very small boat to shoot—was then used, instead of the whale-boat. This proved successful for a time, but, after a few successive seasons, the animals passed farther seaward, and at the present time the boats usually anchor outside the kelp. The mottled fish being scen approaching far enough off for the experienced gunner to judge nearly where the animal will ‘break water,” the boat is sculled to that place, to await the ba “rising.” If the whale ‘‘shows a good chance,” it is frequently killed instantly, and sinks to the bottom, or receives its death-wound by the bursting of the bomb- lance. Consequently, the stationary position or slow movement of the animal enables the whaler to get a harpoon into it before sinking. To the harpoon a lne is attached, with a buoy, which indicates the place where the dead creature lies, should it go to the bottom. Then, in the course of twenty-four hours, or in less time, it rises to the surface, and is towed to the shore, the blubber taken off and tried out in pots set for that purpose upon the beach. Another mode of capture is by ships cruising off the land and sending their boats inshore toward the line of kelp; and, as the whales work to the southward, the boats, being provided with extra large sails, the whalemen take advantage of the strong northerly winds, and, running before the breeze, sail near enough to be able to dart the hand-harpoon into the fish. ‘Getting fast” in this way, it is killed in deep water, and, if inclined to sink, it can be held up by the boats till the ship comes up, when a large “fluke-rope” is made fast, or the “fin-chain” is secured to one fin, the ‘‘cutting-tackle” hooked, and the whale “cut in” immedi- ately. This mode is called ‘‘sailing them down.” Still another way of catching them is with ‘“Greener’s Harpoon Gun,” which is similar to a small swivel-gun. It is of one and a half inch bore, three feet long in the barrel, and, when stocked, weighs seventy-five pounds. The harpoon, four feet and a half long, is projected with considerable accuracy to any distance under eighty-four yards. The gun is mounted on the bow of the boat. A variety of manceuvres are practiced when using the weapon: at times the boat lying at anchor, and, again, drifting about for a chance-shot. When the animal is judged to be ten fathoms off, the gun is pointed eighteen inches below the back; if fifteen fathoms, eight or ten inches below; if eighteen or twenty fathoms distant, the gun is sighted at the top of its back. 28 MARINE MAMMALS OF THE NORTH-WESTERN COAST. Still another strategic plan has been practiced with successful results, called ‘whaling along the breakers.” Mention has been already made of the habit which these whales have of playing about the breakers at the mouths of the lagoons. This, the watchful eye of the whaler was quick to see, could be turned to his advantage. After years of pursuit by waylaying them around the beds of kelp, the wary animals learned to shun these fatal regions, making a wide deviation in their course to enjoy their sports among the rollers at the lagoons’ mouths, as they passed them either way. But the civilized whaler anchors his boats as near the roaring surf as safety will permit, and the unwary ‘‘Mussel-digger” that comes in reach of the deadly harpoon, or bomb-lance, is sure to pay the penalty with its life. If it come within darting distance, it is harpooned; and, as the stricken animal makes for the open sea, it is soon in deep water, where the pursuer makes his capture with comparative ease; or if passing within range of the bomb-gun, one of the explosive missiles is planted in its side, which so paralyzes the whale that the fresh boat’s-crew, who have been resting at anchor, taking to their oars, soon overtake and dispatch it. The casualties from coast and kelp whaling are nothing to be compared with the accidents that have been experienced by those engaged in taking the females in the lagoons. Hardly a day passes but there is upsetting or staving of boats, the crews receiving bruises, cuts, and, in many instances, having limbs broken; and repeated accidents have happened in which men have been instantly killed, or received mortal injury. The reasons of the increased dangers are these: the quick and deviating movements of the animal, its unusual sagacity, and the fact of the sandy bottom being continually stirred by the strong currents, making it difficult to see an object at any considerable depth. When a whale is “struck” at sea, there is generally but httle difficulty in keeping clear. When first irritated by the har- poon, it attempts to escape by “running,” or descending to the depths below, taking out more or less line, the direction of which, and the movements of the boat, indicate the animal’s whereabouts. But in a lagoon, the object of pursuit is in narrow passages, where frequently there is a swift tide, and the turbid water pre- vents the whaler from seeing far beneath the boat. Should the chase be made with the current, the fugitive sometimes stops suddenly, and the speed of the boat, together with the influence of the running water, shoots it upon the worried animal when it is dashing its flukes in every direction. The whales that are chased have with them their young cubs, and the mother, in her efforts to avoid the pursuit of herself and offspring, may momentarily lose sight of her little one. Instantly she oe, Wah ee “HONWO L'dIVIS 01 CHHIVILV F3N¥T 9 4SVLS 01 GHHOVTAWY NOOAMWHG AGO H‘NOOAIVH TO MAIN TOGTE TINVI JO MaIA TOCT CMV TOS'2 CIHOVLLV ANTI HLIM. (WH NOOTHVH | ‘SLNAWITIWT ONITVHM CNY SONV9 ONITVHM SNVIGNI LSAM HLYON JP DP UAUMMEIO YW} HS Fa 8 UO YET f ( UG CM Hi rN AD 181g THE CALIFORNIA GRAY WHALE. 29 will stop and ‘‘sweep”’ around in search, and if the boat~comes in contact with her, it is quite sure to be staved. Another danger is, that in darting the lance at the mother, the young one, in its gambols, will get in the way of the weapon, and receive the wound, instead of the intended victim. Sometimes the calf is fastened to instead of the cow. In such instances the mother may have been an old frequenter of the ground, and been before chased, and perhaps have suffered from a previous attack, so that she is far more difficult to capture, staving the boats and escaping after receiving repeated wounds. One instance occurred in Magdalena Lagoon, in 1857, where, after several boats had been staved, they being near the beach, the men in those remaining afloat managed to pick up their swimming comrades, and, in the meantime, to run the line to the shore, hauling the calf into as shallow water as would float the dam, she keeping near her troubled young one, giving the gunner a good chance for a shot with his bomb-gun from the beach. A similar instance occurred in Scammon’s Lagoon, in 1859. The testimony of many whaling-masters furnishes abundant proof that these whales are possessed of unusual sagacity. Numerous contests with them have proved that, after the loss of their cherished offspring, the enraged animals have given chase to the boats, which only found security by escaping to shoal water or to shore. After evading the civilized whaler and his instruments of destruction, and per- haps while they are suffering from wounds received in their southern haunts, these migratory animals begin their northern journey. The mother, with her young grown to half the size of maturity, but wanting in strength, makes the best of her way along the shores, avoiding the rough sea by passing between or near the rocks and islets that stud the points and capes. But scarcely have the poor creatures quitted their southern homes before they are surprised by the Indians about the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Vancouver and Queen Charlotte’s Islands. Like enemies in ambush, these glide in canoes from island, bluff, or bay, rushing upon their prey with whoop and yell, launching their instruments of torture, and like hounds worry- ing the last life-blood from their vitals. The capture having been effected, trains of canoes tow the prize to shore in triumph. The whalemen among the Indians of the North-west Coast are those who delight in the height of adventure, and who are ambitious of acquiring the greatest reputation among their fellows. Those among them who could boast of killing a whale, formerly had the most exalted mark of 30 MARINE MAMMALS OF THE NORTH-WESTERN COAST. honor conferred upon them by a cut across the nose; but this custom is no longer observed. The Indian whaling-canoe is thirty-five feet in length. Hight men make the crew, each wielding a paddle five and a half feet long. The whaling-gear consists of harpoons, lines, lances, and seal-skin buoys, all of their own workmanship. The cutting material of both lance and spear was formerly the thick part of a mussel- ? shell, or of the ‘“‘abelone ;” the line made from cedar withes, twisted into a three- strand rope. The buoys are fancifully painted, but those belonging to each boat have a distinguishing mark. The lance-pole, or harpoon-staff, made of the heavy wood of the yew-tree, is eighteen feet long, weighing as many pounds, and with the lance attached is truly a formidable weapon. Their whaling-grounds are limited, as the Indians rarely venture seaward far out of sight of the smoke from their cabins by day, or beyond view of their bon- fires at night. The number of canoes engaged in one of these expeditions is from two to five, the crews being taken from among the chosen men of the tribe, who, with silent stroke, can paddle the symmetrical canim close to the rippling water beside the animal; the bowman then, with sure aim, thrusts the harpoon into it, and heaves the line and buoys clear of the canoe. The worried creature may dive deeply, but very little time elapses before the inflated seal-skins are visible again. The instant these are seen, a buoy is elevated on a pole from the nearest canoe, by way of signal; then all dash, with shout and grunt, toward the object of pur- suit. Now the chase attains the highest pitch of excitement, for each boat being provided with implements alike, in order to entitle it to a full share of the prize its crew must lodge their harpoon in the animal, with buoys attached; so that, after the first attack is made, the strife that ensues to be next to throw the spear creates a scene of brawl and agility peculiar to these savage adventurers. At length the victim, becoming weakened by loss of blood, yields to a system of torture characteristic of its eager pursuers, and eventually, spouting its last blood from a lacerated heart, it writhes in convulsions and expires. Then the whole fleet of canoes assists in towing it to the shore, where a division is made, and all the inhabitants of the village greedily feed upon the fat and flesh till their appetites are satisfied. After the feast, what oil may be extracted from the remains is put into skins or bladders, and is an article of traffic with neighboring tribes or the white traders who occasionally visit them. These “whales of passage,” when arrived in the Arctic Ocean and Okhotsk Sea, are seen emerging between the scattered floes, and even forcing themselves through the field of ice, rising midway above the surface, and blowing in the same THE CALIFORNIA GRAY WHALE. 31 attitude in which they are frequently seen in the southern lagoons; at such times the combined sound of their respirations can be heard, in a calm day, for miles across the ice and water. But in those far northern regions, the animals are rarely pursued by the whale-ship’s boats: hence they rest in some degree of security; yet even there, the watchful Esquimaux steal upon them, and to their primitive weapons and rude processes the whale at last succumbs, and supplies food and substance for its captors. The Esquimaux whaling-boat, although to all appearance simple in its con- struction, will be found, after careful investigation, to be admirably adapted to the purpose, as well as for all other uses necessity demands. It is not only used to accomplish the more important undertaking, but in it they hunt the walrus, shoot game, and make their long summer-voyages about the coast, up the deep bays and long rivers, where they traffic with the interior tribes. When prepared for whaling, the boat is cleared of all passengers and useless incumbrances, nothing being allowed but the whaling-gear. Hight picked men make the crew.* Their boats are twenty-five to thirty feet long, and are flat on the bottom, with flaring sides and tapering ends. The framework is of wood, lashed together with the fibres of baleen and thongs of walrus-hide, the latter article being the covering, or plank- ing, to the boat. The implements are one or more harpoons, made of ivory, with a point of slate-stone or iron; a boat-mast, that serves the triple purpose of spreading the sail and furnishing the staff for the harpoon and lance; a large knife, and eight paddles. The knife lashed to the mast constitutes the lance. The boat being in readiness, the chase begins. As soon as the whale is seen and its course ascertained, all get behind it: not a word is spoken, nor will they take notice of a passing ship or boat, when once excited in the chase. All is silent and motionless until the spout is seen, when they instantly paddle toward it. The spouting over, every paddle is raised; again the spout is seen or heard through the fog, and again they spring to their paddles. In this manner the animal is approached near enough to throw the harpoon, when all shout at the top of their voices. This is said to have the effect of checking the animal’s way through the water, thus giving an opportunity to plant the spear in its body, with line and buoys attached. The chase continues in this wise until a number of weapons are firmly fixed, causing the animal much effort to get under water, and still more to remain down; so it soon rises again, and is attacked with renewed vigor. It is the *It is said by Captain Norton, who com- several years ago, that the women engage in the manded the ship Citizen, wrecked in the Arctic chase. bo MARINE MAMMALS OF THE NORTH-WESTERN COAST. oo established custom with these simple natives, that the man who first effectually throws his harpoon, takes command of the whole party: accordingly, as soon as the animal becomes much exhausted, his baidarra is paddled near, and with surprising quickness he cuts a hole in its side sufficiently large to admit the knife and mast to which it is attached; then follows a course of cutting and piercing till death ensues, after which the treasure is towed to the beach in front of their huts, where it is divided, each member of the party receiving two ‘‘slabs of bone,” and a like proportion of the blubber and entrails; the owners of the canoes claiming what remains. The choice pieces for a dainty repast, with them, are the flukes, lips, and fins. The oil is a great article of trade with the interior tribes of ‘‘reindeer-men:” it is sold in skins of fifteen gallons each, a skin of oil being the price of a reindeer. The entrails are made into a kind of souse, by pickling them in a liquid extracted from a root that imparts an acrid taste: this preparation is a savory dish, as well as a preventive of the scurvy. The lean flesh supplies food for their dogs, the whole troop of the village gathering abot the carcass, fighting, feasting, and howl- ing, as only sledge-dogs can. Many of the marked habits of the California Gray are widely different from those of any other species of balena. It makes regular migrations from the hot southern latitudes to beyond the Arctic Circle; and in its passages between the extremes of climate it follows the general trend of an irregular coast so near that it is exposed to attack from the savage tribes inhabiting the sea-shores, who pass much of their time in the canoe, and consider the capture of this singular wanderer a feat worthy of the highest distinction. As it approaches the waters of the torrid zone, it presents an opportunity to the civilized whalemen—at sea, along the shore, and in the lagoons—to practice their different modes of strategy, thus hastening the time of its entire annihilation. This species of whale manifests the greatest affection for its young, and seeks the sheltered estuaries lying under a tropical sun, as if to warm its offspring into activity and promote comfort, until grown to the size Nature demands for its first northern visit. When the parent animals are attacked, they show a power of resistance and tenacity of life that distinguish them from all other Cetaceans. Many an expert whaleman has suffered in his encounters with them, and many a one has paid the penalty with his life. Once captured, however, this whale yields the coveted reward to its enemies, furnishing sustenance for the Hsquimaux whaler, from such parts as are of little value to others. The oil extracted from its fatty covering is exchanged with remote tribes for their fur- clad animals, of which the flesh affords the venders a feast of the choicest food, Plate V. ur Auth Britton + Aer 8, el CAMPO. S TAL, ris CALIFORNIA GRAYS AMONG THE lc a THE CALIFORNIA GRAY WHALE. 33 and the skins form an indispensable article of clothing. The North-west Indians realize the same comparative benefit from the captured animals as do the Hsqui- maux, and look forward to its periodical passage through their circumscribed fishing- grounds as a season of exploits and profit. The civilized whaler seeks the hunted animal farther seaward, as from year to year it learns to shun the fatal shore. None of the species are so constantly and variously pursued as the one we have endeavored to describe; and the large bays and lagoons, where these animals once congregated, brought forth and nurtured their young, are already nearly deserted. The mammoth bones of the California Gray lie bleaching on the shores of those silvery waters, and are scattered along the broken coasts, from Siberia to the Gulf of California; and ere long it may be questioned whether this mammal will not be numbered among the extinct species of the Pacific. MARINE MAMMALS.—5. CYLAPTER: i, THE FINBACK WHALE. BaLEnorrera VELIFERA, Cope. (Plate u, fig. 2.) Another species of the whale tribe is known as the Finback, or Finner, whose geographical distribution is as extended as that of the Sulphurbottom, and which ranks next to it in point of swiftness. One picked up by Captain Poole, of the bark Sarah Warren, of San Francisco, affords us the following memoranda: Length, sixty-five feet; thickness of blubber, seven to nine inches; yield of oil, seventy-five barrels; color of blubber, a clear white. Top of head quite as flat and straight as that of the Humpback. Baleen, the longest, two feet four inches; greatest width, thirteen inches; its color, a light lead, streaked with black, and its surface presents a ridgy appearance crosswise ; length of fringe to bone, two to four inches, and in size this may be compared to a cambric needle. A Balenoptera, which came on shore near the outer heads of the Golden Gate, gave us the opportunity of obtaining the following rough measurements : Ft. In. Dsen ti sieraco ceca vie eis a uals ens vt fe i deena stag ate Botte nae ca terete Sat ceell aa 60 00 Hromenibsend=to: pectoralsiaciananun so sen oulnnan epee kota eed hans nee ae 15 00 Prom -nib=end. 10. cormen-of. Mm OWtlins Neue M sachs teers perenne eee ecient 12 00 ROM DUD SEN OO y. Cis sisson 8 eats tx ectiaee aictetuas oet ei er a sS eee ag ena vada cea, 12 06 From notch.ot-caudal into. Senital siti sn. arn natdaeaiee shh a oe ee bee 21 00 Hrom notch: or-canudal sinrto vent... 2 iio cae a acne pone Sneak ee eee eta 19 06 Hix pansion Of-caucal sfines 2. + csent count narcen ata ee asi mca abe amet TAO te 14 00 Its side fins and flukes are in like proportion to the body as in the California Gray. Its throat and breast are marked with deep creases, or folds, similar to the Humpback. Color of back and sides, black or blackish-brown (in some individ- uals a curved band of lighter shade marks its upper sides, between the spiracles and pectorals) ; belly, a milky white. Its back fin is placed nearer to the caudal than the hump on the Humpback, and in shape approaches to a right-angled [34] Dn | THE FINBACK WHALL. (She) triangle, but rounded on the forward edge, curved on the opposite one; the longest side joins the back in some examples, and in others the anterior edge is the longest. The gular folds spread on each side to the pectorals, and extended half the length of the body. The habitual movements of the Finback in several points are peculiar. When it respires, the vaporous breath passes quickly through its spiracles, and when a fresh supply of air is drawn into the breathing system, a sharp and somewhat musical sound may be heard at a considerable distance, which is quite distinguish- able from that of other whales of the same genus. (We have observed the interval between the respirations of a large Vinback to be about seven seconds.) It fre- quently gambols about vessels at sea, in mid-ocean as well as close in with the coast, darting under them, or shooting swiftly through the water on either side; at one moment upon the surface, belching forth its quick, ringing spout, and the next instant submerging itself bencath the waves, as if enjoying a spirited race with the ship dashing along under a press of sail. In beginning the descent, it assumes a variety of positions: sometimes rolling over nearly on its side, at other times rounding, or perhaps heaving, its flukes out, and assuming nearly a perpendicular attitude. Frequently it remains on the surface, making a regular course and several uniform ‘‘blows.” Occasionally they congregate in schools of fifteen to twenty, or less. In this situation we have usually observed them going quickly through the water, several spouting at the same instant. Their uncertain movements, however —often showing themselves twice or thrice, then disappearing—and their swiftness, make them very difficult to capture. The results of several attempts to catch them were as follows: from the ship one was shot with a bomb-gun, which did its work so effectually, that although the boat was in readiness for instant lowering, before it got within darting distance the animal, in its dying contortions, ran foul of the ship, giving her a shock that was very sensibly felt by all on board, and lkewise a momentary heel of about two streaks. We had a good view of the under-side of the whale as it made several successive rolls before disappearing, and our obser- vations agreed with those noted on board the Sarak Warren in relation to color and the creases on throat and breast. The under-side of the fins was white also. At another time the whale died about ten fathoms under water, and after carefully hauling it up in sight, the “iron drawed, and away the dead animal went to the depths beneath.” Frequently we have “lowered” for single ones that were playing about the ship, but by the time the boats were in the water nothing more would be seen of them, or, if seen, they would be a long way off, and then disappear. An instance occurred in Monterey Bay, in 1865, of five being captured under 36 MARINE MAMMALS OF THE NORTH-WESTERN COAST. the following circumstances: A ‘‘pod” of whales was seen in the offing, by the whalemen, from their shore station, who immediately embarked in their boats and gave chase. On coming up to them they were found to be Finbacks. One was harpooned, and, although it received a mortal wound, they all ‘run together” as before. One of the gunners, being an expert, managed to shoot the whole five, and they were all ultimately secured, yielding to the captors a merited prize. We have noticed large numbers of these whales along the coast during the summer months, and they seem to be more together at that particular season; but, as the opportunities for observing their habits have been much greater at that time of the year, we may have been led into error upon this particular point. Their food is of the same nature as that of the other rorquals, and the quantity of codfish which has been found in them is truly enormous. On the northern coast, the Finbacks, in many instances, have a much larger fin than those in warmer lati- tudes, and we are fully satisfied that these are a distinct species, confined to the northern waters. We have had but little opportunity to observe the Finbacks that frequently rove about the Gulf of Georgia and Fuca Strait. Several have been seen, however, in May and June, on the coasts of California and Oregon, and in Fuca Strait in June and July of the year 1864; these observations satisfy us that the dorsal fin of this—the northern species referred to—is strikingly larger than in the more southern Finbacks. Appended are the outlines of one individual of several seen in Queen Charlotte Sound, in February, 1865, which is a fair representation of them all. Those we have noticed about Fuca Strait seem to have the back fin modified in size between the extremely small one found on the coast of Lower California and the one here represented. “DONVT'9 ‘SAVIS OL GAHOVIIV NOOGUVH'S NOOdYVH JO MIA AUIS + ‘NOOdUVH 40 MAIA 3904 °e'AONA' 2° SONWI'L “SLNAWATdAT ONIIVHM. GNV'TONVO ONITVHM XNVWINdgsd 4 hay YUONIIg' YI] ‘Jap uowueo Wd LY TA 8teld t™~ om FINBACK WHALE. THE PuTLINES OF A NorTHERN PINBACK, CHAPTER. HI, THE WUMPBACK WHALE. MEGAPTERA VERSABILIS, Cope. (Plate vii, fig. 1.) The Humpback is one of the species of rorquals that roam through every ocean, generally preferring to feed and perform its uncouth gambols near extensive coasts, or about the shores of islands, in all latitudes between the equator and the frozen oceans, both north and south. It is irregular in its movements, seldom going a straight course for any considerable distance; at one time moving about in large numbers, scattered over the sea as far as the eye can discern from the mast-head ; at other times singly, seeming as much at home as if it were surrounded by hun- dreds of its kind; performing at will the varied actions of ‘breaching,’ ‘‘rolling,” “finning,”’ “lobtailing,’ or “scooping;” or, on a calm, sunny day, perhaps lying motionless on the molten-looking surface, as though life were extinct. Its shape, compared with the symmetrical forms of the Finback, California Gray, and Sulphurbottom, is decidedly ugly, as it has a short, thick body, and frequently a diminutive “small,” with inordinately large pectorals and flukes. <A protuberance, of variable shape and size in different individuals, placed on the back, about one-fourth the length from the caudal fin, is called the hump. An- other cartilaginous boss projects from a centre fold immediately beneath the anterior point of the under jaw, which, with the flukes, pectorals, and throat of the creature, are oftentimes hung with pendent parasites* (Otion Stimpsoni), and on *We print here Dall’s description of the unusually long and stout. First pair of hands Cyamus suffusus; also his remarks on the Ofion quadrant-shaped ; second pair slightly punctate, Stimpsoni (Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., Dec. 18th, arcua‘e, emarginate on the inferior edge, with a pointed tubercle on each side of the emargina- tion. Third joint of the posterior lees keeled Cyamus suffusus, n. sp. Body flattened, elon- above, with a prong below. Pleon extremely gate; segments, sub-equal, outer edges widely minute. Segments smooth. No ventral spines separated. Branchie single, cylindrical slender, on posterior segments. Color, yellowish white, with a very short papilliform appendage before suffused with rose-purple, strongest upon the and behind each branchia. Superior antenne antenne and branchie. Length, 0.41 inches; [38] 1872). Illustrations, figures 3 and 5, plate x. THE HUMPBACK WHALE. 39 the males it is frequently studded with tubercles, as upon the head. A bulge also rounds down on the lower part of the ‘small,’ nearly midway between the hump and caudal. one. animal of abnormal proportions. Its under jaw extends forward considerably beyond the upper All these combined characteristics impress the observer with the idea of an The top of its head is dotted with irregular, rounded bunches, which rise about one inch above the surface, each covering nearly four square inches of space. The following measurements and memoranda of a male Humpback were taken by Captain I. §. Rediield, of the whaling and trading brig Manuella, while cruising in Behring Sea, September 17th, 1866: Mxtreme length ).....02 cones leet auke oe eas Length of pectoralg................ 0.0005 Breadth of pectorals...................00- Distance from snout to pectorals.......... Distance from corner of mouth to snout... Distance from eye to snout Distance from spout-holes to snout....... Expansion of flukes...................0005 Breadth of -tlulses a: 24S aeatscern ae eras Distance from anus to flukes.............. breadth (of body), 0.25 inches. All the speci- meus which have passed under my obscrvation, some eight or ten in number, were males. Habitat, on the Humpback Whale (degaptera versabilis, Cope) Monterey, California. Orton, Leach. Otion, Leach. ili, p. 170. Olion Slimpsoni, Dall, n. sp. Scuta only present, beaked, with the um- bones on the occludent margins; anterior pro- longation the longer, pointed, rather slender ; posterior prolongation, rounded, wider ; external margin concave; color (in spirits), hght orange, with a dark purple streak on the rostral surface and on each side of the peduncle; while the lateral surfaces of the body-case and lobes are mottled with dark purple. The lower lip of the orifice is transversely striated and translucent ; the upper margins slightly reflexed internally, white; in some specimens with two prolonga- tions or small lobes above, which are wanting Ency. Britannica, suppl. vol. Ft. In Een ttaist herent aio eh exe araeielosom europea. EO 30) UDiesena aio) tin tones caer Cet ansyer terse cunaterate? oct seys 13.7 ahapeharo igus Seeretarpionesauereuune Didyaaserne ate are cuales 3.2 Maal du ovay stadone ona nue auetaleGslevecaves aeeteraimeeten 6 12 0 Diya by a qatanshot Biers eka Disuaseies ioue/ennce Tonsre tates eee & 9 6 afer Sabana oteita "eueo.sel Sato: Gceceponetencievel stele vapererer eA 10 2 sxausivererer oicha@re/ wie) aceraiosnt en SiahelssrsTee lettLea 9 4 Sen aheuayatanavarentrn sotsre ay suouelete ialaratal Sons auareae 15 7 Sarena aay elpyatiateotat enarencme’ era lai etenatetoeenctste nt 3°04 widveduh es talstada oles laze’ auetareuansr eases anata. Shaueacnts 11 6 in other specimens. The tubular prolongations very irregular and variable in size and form, usually unsymmetrical; one sometimes nearly Length of peduncle, 2.08 inches; of body, 2.16 inches; of lobes, 2.00 inches; of ori- fice, 1.18 inch; of scuta, 0.55 inch; width of scuta, 0.16 inch. Habitat, on the Humpback (JL. versabilis) ; sessile on the Coronule which infest that spe- cies, but never, so far as I have observed, on the surface of the whale itself. Dr. Leach describes five calcareous species, having the scuta, terga, and rostrum of the typ- ical species (O. Cuvieri, Leach) and they are figured by Reeve; but this species has certainly only the scuta. Whether this difference is of more than specific value I am not able to de- cide, owing to the great paucity of works of reference here. I should be unwilling to de- scribe the species, were it not that it was sub- mitted to the late lamented Dr. Stimpson for examination, and was pronounced by him to be new. abortive. 40 MARINE MAMMALS OF THE NORTH-WESTERN COAST. Ft. In. Distance: itom~e eenital- slit: to “fukést: nn Yana tates, weeds aes ee cvenetea inechuneateatre tins 17 0 enethzob folds on belive sc 2 sissies otsaeesst, tach aun isa tetere wouaes aes Sue ecore. ob sas ane nue ieset tol Stes 16 0 Whole breadth of folds on belly...... 0. cece cece ee eee 10 0 Distance: from, flukes fo “Wurm p cies siacasossa eae w levee Soa ciane eeahe lee ae Gracy ehadlace. ca ane 12 3 Peneth- of hump, along the: backs. icscu5 sce ace edacets ceeds bene dees theta tet ecetuents sh aie any ates 3.0 Flere ht sof Wm pre aicacrie. esd stetrct ste lta skare case se yareye dseazavensusnsuaeset Scho nator cee Seucnycteeetemec ats 1 0 Depth of small close to flukes...... Boriseyrsahs ssuletau svavirahegie cents och one nomer seat tar essai 2 6 ‘Rhickmessof wsmallclose.:to ukesns 25 20 ciel cia ack erecta aus ced e.eetead cates 1 6 Thickness of blubber, five to ten inches; color of blubber, yellowish white ; yield of oil, forty barrels; number of folds on belly, twenty-six, averaging from four to six inches in width. These folds, which extend from the anterior portion of the throat over the belly, terminating a little behind the pectorals, are capable of great expansion and contraction, which enables the Humpbacks, as well as all other rorquals, to swell their maws when their food is in abundance about them. The following additional measurements, etc., were taken from Humpbacks capt- ured on the coast of Upper California, in 1872. 1. Sex, female. Color of body, black above, but more or less marbled with white below. Fins, black above, and dotted with white beneath. Color of blub- ber, white. Number of folds on throat and breast, twenty-one, the widest of which were six inches. Yield of oil, thirty-five barrels. The yield of bone, which is of inferior quality, is about four hundred pounds to a hundred barrels of oil. Ft. In, Ft. In Mength: of animal. o..34 oo5 cae eee ia: 48 0 Anus to notch of caudal fin............ 12 6 Length of each pectoral................ 13 0 Genital slit to notch of caudal fin...... 12 11 Thickness of each pectoral.............. 0 8 Length of genital slit.................. 3 6 Breadth of each pectoral............... 3.5 Size uround the body behind pectorals.. 25 0 Expansion of caudal fin, or flukes...... 18 0 Average thickness of blubber........... 0 5 Breadth of each lobe................... 36 Depth of small at junction with caudal fin, 1 9 Thickness of each lobe................. 0 9 Thickness of small at junction with caud- From nib-end to pectorals............. 16 0 SULSSHI g Leche eee tela Ce 1 6 Pectorals to top of back............... 4 6 From nib-end to hump................ 28 0 Corner of mouth to nib-end........... 10 0 Heightuok hump usc acento ere 0 10 Corner of mouth to top of head........ 5 4 Mento th:of hum pases weston scree 4 0 Hye*< 0 “Mik s€ndst een civaraadercecees 10 10 Thickness of black skin................ 0 of Hye to top of head.................... de Oi Wier boMeanas ayes Ga hiatds selena e ters o 2 0 Spiracles to nib-end................... 8 0 Dength: of “ear Slits. conden on auceesaneens 0 14 Length of exterior opening of spiracles... 1 6 Navel to genital slit...........0....0... 5 0 The nib-end, or point of the upper jaw, fell short of the extremity of the *We refer the reader to fig. 4, plate x, for forty-six feet in length. The figure is drawn illustration of an eye taken from a Humpback to natural size. Ss Ni i _Scammon 1. HUMPBACK ( MEGAPTERA VERSABILIS COPE.) 9 vs SHA ED FINNER ({BALAZNOPTERA DAVIDSONI, Scammon) THE HUMPBACK WHALE. 4] lower one about fifteen inches. The tongue and throat were of a leaden color, The orbit of the eye was four inches in diameter. The longest plate of bone, or baleen, was two feet; its color, black, with a fringe of lighter shade. 2. Sex, female. Color of body, black, with slight marks of white beneath. Color of pectorals, black above, white below. Color of flukes, black above and below. Color of blubber, white; average thickness of same, six inches. Yield of oil, thirty barrels. Gular folds, eighteen. Tubercles on lips, nine. Ft. In. Ft. In. Bength of animalcecwciecae cuvenaiees 48 0 From nib-end to pectorals............. 16 6 Length of pectorals: 2.0.06 5008 oes esas 13 0 Notch of flukes to anus................ 11 6 Breadth of pectorals................... 3 0 Notch of flukes to genital slit.......... 12 0 Thickness of pectorals.................. 0 8 Length of longest baleen.............. 2 9 Expansion of flukes.................... 14 0 Breadth of longest baleen.............. 0 10 Breadth: of: Nukes: oi. aces a eb ae Sees 4 3 3. Sex, female. Color of body, black above, slightly mottled with white and gray below. Fins and flukes, black above, white beneath. Color of blubber, white ; thickness of same, six to nine inches. Yield of oil, forty barrels. Number of laminze, five hundred and forty; black, streaked with white, or hght lead color. Ft. In. Ft. In.
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PleIAs/common_corpus/00000/17
|
{
"__index_level_0__": 28569,
"collection": "US-PD-Books",
"creator": "None",
"dataset": "PleIAs/common_corpus",
"date": 1874,
"identifier": "cu31924024782975_2",
"language": "English",
"language_type": "Spoken",
"license": "Public Domain",
"open_type": "Open Culture",
"title": "The marine mammals of the north-western coast of North America, described and illustrated; together with an account of the American whale-fishery",
"token_count": 10413,
"word_count": 7116
}
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The expenses which were occasioned by these and other preachers at the wedding, caused the good Deacon several persons, the violence of which was, however, regarded dual allynge by his observing that the young woman of the village, being moved there by the presence of an invitation to the wedding party, increased their custom at the conclusion of an unusual ceremony. Indeed, the child profited on the goods purchased by Mrs. Manners and her passengers alone, he found, after a careful reopening, would more than reimburse the cost of oil the new wedding garment of his wife and himself. Colonel Planners found frequent occasion for rejoicing and self-gratulation, on account of the firmness and decision to which he had charged. In his conduct on the Sunday night after the reading of the governor's proclamation. The statutory effect of the proclamation, however, had, indeed, escaped observation; but, at the best, upon the occasion, he considered not withstanding the laws of the state, tenors, tokens of his reluctance; wherefore, at the time, Lucy had been led to her chamber weeping and sobbing by her mother. He had never seen her when she seemed to be fit all on a happy or the spirit-ridden. The child, once or twice, he caught her with a struggle, apparently for revenge, which he was at a loss to introduce. "The child's" Nienrd of mo, poor thing," thought he, with a pong; "I was a. Let's too violent, p'raps." Well, never mind; if she lives, she'll find, I guess, that I don't love her any less than her mother; only for now, I reckon, it's best to keep along pretty much in the future. Effie, if I hadn't been considered, she'd have never been considered in the possession of her husband. I couldn't find it in my heart to forget and neglect her husband, John Dasbrough. During the winter, his wife grew more rapidly than ever in the good graces of his uncle, who could not fail to observe how generously his head-man exerted himself to triumph. "A father's creature," said the Colonel, "is a great man." The night before Thanksgiving, as the pair were standing together for bed; "nestlingen" could not live on the footslob, he'd walk with any two men, on a farm, I ever see; and that's saying good-bye for Andrew was a first-rate of a hand. Next, your, by jingo, I'll give him a chance that'll help him to have a start of his own, long enough before I shall want to spare him. If anything. I did believe he's too hard to suit me, and seriously, sometimes, a little boy's luck, I console him with his kind of feord of me." "I expect," added the Colonel, after a fit of musing, "I expect he feels under obligation to me, for having helped his father in years gone by; and it isn't, to be sure, no bad trait in him; but I don't, actively. I do hate to have anybody from a feeling too grateful. It makes a fellow feel sure of a choky and uncomfortable. And there ain't no need of his thinking he owes me anything for what's past and gone, for by gracious! wasn't John Dashloghroy Before the law, in law, before he was ever this, John's father? and hadn't I a right to help him keep out of joli, on my own account? As the guard Colonel concluded this eloquence, and was "glimmering fixedly at the glowing count in the fireplace where he saw, in fancy, the furniture of the dead Sheriff John. He was suddenly alarmed and amazed by his having his wife come to him in her night-cap and light-gown, throw her arms about. The news learned. [Anguish,] His speech, and burst into a fit of passionate weeping. " Grrtod gracious ! Betspy .'" ho cried, as soon as ho could find a voice — " wh^ — iritat on airth— do shot up a minit and tell uio wlint's the matter ! Hare ye hecrd of anybody's bciu' licnd ?" " X-iio," ciii'd Mr3. Manners between her s<ibs, " b-b-but— " " Well, there ! ef I ever, now!" sniil the Colnn<'t, as this effiirtntesplnnation resulti'd in iiit'n.' incoht'roiit uttcninees aud renen-od sobs- He was, withal, somowhiit ineommodf d by the Btrictucss of the embrnfe, in which his wife still coutinned to holdhim. A good-natured man, liko Colonel Mnniiers, will, how- ever, snft'iT an inc-oTivenienco of tliis nutuio, to the verge of endurance, with- out conijiluint. " Can't ye kind o' tell me what's the matter, Betsey I" said ho at last, ivjion the firs't violence of the subbing began to subside. "You are the h-hest husband in tho world," criud the lady, "too — too — g- good fiirmc!" " Well, well ; sposin' I be," rejoined the Colonel, "that ain't nothing to cry for, sartiiily. IIow.-ii'vi?r, I ain't no sich a thing, aud if I was I ort to be; for raly, Jtctspy, you're about as good a wife as n man ever had !" '• You'll forgive me, won't you?" per- si^ti-il his wife ; '• siiy you will !" " Korgivii you !" ri'pi^ated the Colonel, "why, ef I've got anything to forgive, tn he sure I will, with nil my heart; but I tiiut got notliin. There, set upon my knee, like old times you know — there — swccthi'iirt, thcTi'," lie eontiiined sooth- ingly. Its he put his ann alwut her waist, nnil kissed her fondly. "You see, you'vi' workei! so hard ii gi'ttiu' ready lor the weddin, you've gut all tuckered out aud narvousy." "Ilitsbaiid," cried Mrs, Manners, suddenly, "I want you to pronii.*e nie oup thing — that what ever may happen, no niatliT buw mut:li cause you may think you have to ho angry with nic, yoa wiiu't say a har.<Ii nr unkind word tu me, iu » haste. You never have yi't," she eontinui'd, beginning to cry afresh, " in all our living togethiT, ynu lever hiivc yot : and if you ever should, it wonhl breiik uiy heart; for if either (if us should be taken away, I want to hnve it to — s-siiy — " and hero the good lady fairly hr'ike down, and wept amain. "Don't now— don't— dou't — oh ! don't now!" exhorted tho Colonel. "P-p-Tomio me," sobbed his wife, "you won't, will you." "Why of course not," cried the Colonel, with great emphasis, in order to conceal a sympathetic quavering that began to infect his own voice, "taint likely — ahem — after we've lived together much on to twenty one year, that I'm going to begin to abuse you (or the first time." "For one great reason for my doing as I have and shall," continued Mrs. Maimers, "is a thinking of how much happier you'd be for it, if I should die, and leave you, than" "Why! Betsey!" cried the Colonel, sorely wounded by this speech, "what do you mean by I'd be happier if you should die? — Tuffy that's unkind." "So, no," said his wife; "I don't mean that; I mean —, but, I can't tell you what; — tomorrow night I'll tell you — or some time; I — I In sort of added tonight, I do believe," she continued, trying to smile. "Well, well; I shouldn't wonder; — you're so tired," said the Colonel, kindly; "so let's go to bed and get a good night's rest, for tomorrow will be a busy day." "Pretty soon," replied his wife, leaning her head against his shoulder. Actilly," said the Colonel, after a pause, as he caught a glimpse of himself and his wife over her shoulder, in the looking-glass; "anybody to see us would enlighten we were a young couple a sparkling out, instead of old married folks with a thunder just going to be married herself." Presently Mrs. Munnberg kissed her husband, and, jumping off from his knee, found himself getting into bed, where the Colonel soon followed her. They both lay for a long time wide awake, each feeling to be asleep, and each deceived by the other's advice; the husband wondering greatly what could have been the cause of his wife's recent emotion and singular conduct, and feeling a good deal disturbed and uneasy lest it might have been a presentiment of speedy death. "I've heard of such lorewumins," thought he, "but I do hope that this ain't one of 'em." At last, his wife, Raising herself on her elbow, leaned over and kissed him softly two or three times. The Colonel affected to be unconscious of these caresses, and kept his eyes closed; though, after his wife had hung down again, there was less. Three Married. Come each a moment into the firm that he wore off to wipe them out. It was a corner of the street. "I shouldn't want to see her, eh?" he asked. "She should be in the corner," he replied. "She should be in the corner," he replied. But, good man, like honest Pett of old, he knew of the sore eruption that was so soon to be healed. When Lucy saw on the morning of Thanksgiving Day, her heart gave a bound in her bosom, with the shock of a mildness that had been consuming her mind. The day had dawned at last. She dreaded to rise and be alone, the day in which such gifts and moments were to be given. So, as it was just in the morning, she lay still in bed for a while, striving to make that it was utterly false, truly true, that she, herself, remembered but a little while ago, waking in the woman's chamber, and in the very same little white house, thinking how to drive for a drive or in immediate. In plan dir sftiditig it hdidny, that was now going to be a woman, so very much to be a wife. It is a great city, though she has been naughty-minded people in the world. Some of whom, by the way, would be the very first to cry out. It has been, in necessary to preserve certain certain conclusions, which bid me tell what a charming object was our dear Lucy, as she lay that morning in her virgin bed for the last time, while her brain was busy with these and similar thoughts and reminiscences, and her heart filled with an emotion of mingled happiness, fear, and amelioration, was flitting in her white bosom like a frightened bird in a cage. If, with an author's license, I could open the door of Lucy's chamber, and permit you only, my pure-minded friend. AiJi^r, ti> peep in and behold the united minds who was its tenant, and to share her innocence thoughts and services, I should he heartily glad to accord to the privilege; but, I know full well that some prying, prudish old maid or other would be sufficient to mind beholding you on lip-toe, thinking over your shoulder, and then put a pillow on your shoulder. Or, still worse, some corrupt debauchery or wicked make would steal the opportunity to gaze, with ginning eyes upon a place too high. To be punctual by his evil glance. I will not consider such a risk, and you, my gracious reader, will unhesitating o pardon. But there is such a reason why, if anyone would like to know how Joab was employed on the glance. Morning of this day fixed for his wedding, this curiosity should not be permitted. Like Lucy, her especial husband woke early, and. In the midst of summer, with his usual, by, look, lay away before getting up; for, this general proclamation having forbidden the sale of the store, business, and service, the baron, upon this general Sabbath, it was not necessary to open and sweep out the store before breakfast, according to the usual weekday custom. The resolution which, of all others, gave Joab the greatest pleasure, was that, after the dawn of another day, he would be the heir apparent to all the wealth of his rich uncle, the Colonel. "He ain't worth less than a dollar a thousand," thought Joab. "And on that certain, in money and bank stock, and other personal property; two-thirds of which will be mine, my own, just as soon as the end." The estate is settled and distributed; and if the old woman dies, I have the whole. The use of the real estate, except the widow's third, will lie mine, too, by law; and I'd like to see that little part of a lady's house, after the old Coleman's is out of the way, to engage any deeds I speak by her to, if I pass to take measures to get it all into my own hands. I'll pay her for her high estate as soon as Uncle Sturr drops off, and her stuck-up mother, too. By gosh! Enid Joab stood, who hadn't the man to earn enough, even when alone: "by grisb! I'm willing the old fool should live a widow in a spell, and have her thinly, if she wouldn't spend the principal pill, just while I..." Pray her off for the spite she's always had upon me." As John concluded this untimely solitude, he began his mother's voice calling out to him at the foot of the stairs. "Come, my son," cried the old lady, who was in high spirits, "get up and come down, night away. You won't have me to call you tomorrow morning, Johnny." So Joab, thinking first one long, lean, spindling key underneath the coverlet, and then the fellow, gave a yawn and shut the window. "There isn't no need of fixing up any till after breakfast." He had no need of fixing up any till after breakfast. Aapat was a bright, ranshiny morning, and the quiet village street was bustling with the sound of the town clock. There were two or three red-nosed idlers grouped about the door of the tavern, coughed and plying after toiling their morning dining. While their lean cars, too low-spirited for play, were in good condition, exchanging growling salutations under the elm tree in front, bristling their manes and scratching the dried herbage with their hind-paws. Except those no living thing appeared abroad, Joab turned from the window, finished dressing himself, hurried down to the back-stoop, where, after filling an iron skillet with a pint of rainwater from a hoghead at the corner, he laved his face and hands; finishing his morning toilet by the use of one of a pair of penny wooden couches, which he was accustomed to carry in his trousers pocket. Then he went. In with a good appetite to a breakfast, which, as it was Thanksgiving morning, was rather more toothsome than the meals that usually were spread upon the Deacon's frugal table. In the moonlight, John Doshleigh, rising in the morning, had seen to the forenoon and milking of his herd of cows; had, with his own hands, groomed and watered his span of black colts, and had then gone into breakfast at the Colonel's table; for Mrs. Doshleigh, during the hurry of this busy Thanksgiving week, was too useful a person to be spared from the great house; and so John, of late, had taken all his meals there. I wonder that the Colonel did not notice how both John and Lucy blushed when they met curb other that morning. As for Lucy, she was as rosy as the brilliant clouds that streaked the orient sky beyond the hills, over whose tops the sun had just risen. It was lucky for them that the unsuspecting Colonel was not on a state of interloper of the signs of love; for so plainly did John's honest face reveal the secret of his love. In the heart, whenever he looked towards Lucy, that Mrs. Milliners was in a fever of anxiety lest her husband should detect it; and, as soon as breakfast was over, she took her nephew apart and administered a wholesome lesson of reproof and caution. "Get ready and go to meeting, out of the way, this fortification," said she, "and at dinner-time, do for the land's sake, just eat your victuals and look at the pictures on your plate, or anything, but don't keep storing at Lucy so. Your uncle will suspect something, and actually, John, it scares me to see you look so as if you wanted to eat her up. Ah, John, John; I thought you were modest, haughty boy; but, after all, you've got more of your poor father about you than his looks, I'm afraid." And now, it being the eleventh hour of the morning, throughout the length and breadth of the Xiptuck valley, throughout the county of Windham, withal, nay, throughout the whole extent of the State of Connecticut, was heard the merry sound of ringing bells; while, home upward with the wreaths of smoke from every fuming kitchen chimney-top, rose fragrant steams and exhaustless, so that everywhere the frosty air was full of cluming melodies, and the delicious odors of the oven and the spit. The sturdy freemen of the commonwealth, banished from their firesides by their busy housewives, assembled at the meeting-house; while the good damen themselves remained at home, absorbed in culinary cares. Even Mrs. Sweaney's accustomed place in her power was that morning vacant. and indeed, the Deacon, her husband, although he started in good time, did not arrive at the door of the sanctuary until the benediction had been pronounced by Parson Groves, and the younger portion of his impatient and hungry congregation had begun to effect their tumultuous escape. It happened that the Deacon, on his way to meeting, while passing the tavern, had been accosted by the landlord; who, standing at the bar-room door and winking with elaborate slyness, had informed him that one Apollos Swift was in the house, warming himself at the back-parlor fire, and waiting to see Denison Sweeny. "I've been waiting for you, Deacon," said the landlord, "for he's in a dispute fret, and you must come in and see him, of its only for a minute. Tell ye, he's pretty hard up, I guess!" At this intelligence, the withered old muscle in Deacon Sweeny's bosom gave a flutter against his ribs, and his little red eyes emitted a transient, twinkling gleam of satisfaction. Apollo Switt was a spendthrift jockey farmer, residing in the neighboring county town, whose necessities had often compelled him, from time to time, to borrow money from the Beacon; and, in fact, whose present errand in Walbury was to effect still another loan, and to secure its repayment by still another mortgage. Upon his homestead found a fire, oily, Filled to Decon, Sneffordily It's worth. The Decon had, for Some time, been exercising this final application; Included, had put aside a Enlightened jury wherewith to Meet it. "Another fire hundred." Should be. US be counted out of the roll Of bills, and had it stayed in a snug Aghast hole of his desk, "another five hundred and fifty thousand dollars and fifty thousand dollars." Let the interest run up, and then, sometime, when times are tight, just before, and the suit is gone, I'll have a farm in Windham that won't be cost me but a little more than half what I can get for it. So, though the Bell had already begun to toll, the Deacon turned aside, and allowed the landlord into the bar-room. "I shall just have to go," said he to the publican, "and tell the fervent, don't do no business today, though, to manage, after all, 'tis past; and talking over business, when you don't do none, ain't neither servile labor, nor vain recreation." "Oh! Of M-T-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S Back part of the door was again opened, and Don Con Sweny came forth to resume his walk towards the morning house, he had promised Apollo Swift to lend him, upon the morrow, another great hundred dollars, and had fathomed together, equipped and offered to sell, and conveyed to him, by proper and legal guarantees, and as a sacrifice in the law, for the consideration of fifty dollars, to be paid in bond, two months of land; the same being on the building lot, each duly numbered, fronting upon Main Street, in the city of Schenectady, which at that time, as at the present writing, consisted of an extensive ludge of proceedings, pleasantly situated upon the western slope of the Allegheny Mountains, in the ancient commonwealth. of Virginia, district at the Hat, twenty miles from any dwelling of civilized man. Deacon Sweeny and Mr. Swift had been so very busy arranging the terms and candidates of the various such contracts, that the time had slipped by unheeded. Besides, Parson Graves, with the prospect before him of a Thanksgiving dinner, was also present in prayer and sermon as of a Sunday. When, therefore, the Deacon, after a hasty walk, arrived in eight of the meeting-house, and beheld the people thronging from the porch, he was struck with amazement and terror — as well he might have been, indeed, for a reason which the reader will presently discover. His neighbor eyed his disordered looks with wonder; and some, as they met him, turned to gaze; while others, speaking, bade him good morning. But he, on entering, either not at all, or with the briefest form of salutation, pressed forward towards the rear-stone-house door without stopping, until he came to the very step-stone whereon stood Parson Graves. "Parson Graves," said the Deacon, who was almost brusque with disquiet and haste. "Can't you just call a few?" Of the people back, and open the meeting again, for just a while minute!" "For what reason, I pray to know, Deacon Sweeny?" inquired the Person, in great surprise at this engaging request. "Just call them back," cried the Deacon, imploringly — "or else, I will — hello there! — Captain Brown, I say — Left on the James and a lot of you — Here — Come back!" "Doacon Sweeny," said Parsion Graves, "pray cease this incessantly on every. It is too late to recall the congregation, who have been dismissed to their homes." "Oh, there!" cried the Deacon, giving way to despair, while a few of his wondering neighbors, attracted by his shouts, returned and gathered about him, making eager inquiries concerning the cause. Of his distreart. "Oh, dear! Dear! Here I've got in my pocket my son Jab's pulilis, which ought to have been read from the pulpit this morning, and the wedding set for tonight!" "Great!" whispered Captain Brown to Lieutenant Jones; "I guess the Colonel's wife will be on the second when he turns how 'tis." "And the Colonel!" replied the Captain; "went he rare, though, when he hears nothing?" "But, tut, tut, tut!" said Parson Gwyn, with lively sympathy; "what a pity! How came it pass." At hearing himself thus vociferously called, "John, turned back and retraced his steps to the porch of the meeting-house, wondering what could be the cause of such an unusual outcry. "Mr. John Dashleigh," said the Parson, "you will grieve to be informed that, by a most unfortunate omission of a requital and wholesale formality, the wedding of your cousin Lucy and young Joab Sweeny must be postponed." "Oh, no!" whispered the Deacon, with terror-haunted lips. "At least, such, I fear, must be the result of what has happened," resumed the Parson. "Your uncle, having not only learned in the law, but the father of the intended bride, ought to be informed of the untoward event, and confounded with concurring it and its consequences. Will you be so glad, therefore, as to hasten home and communicate the News to him, privately, I should advise; and also to request him, in my name, to come immediately to my house, where Deacon Sweeny and myself will wait to see him. I think, added the Parson, with a quiet smile, "that we had better not go to your house. Deacon, until we have first taken counsel with the Colonel." "Oh, by no means!" cried the Deacon, eagerly. John received the message, and hastened home, where, first having seen his aunt Betsey and told her of what had happened, he sought the Colonel in his bedroom, where he sat reading the newspaper and waiting for dinner, and delivered his errand. The Colonel heard the news with manifest concern. He dropped his paper, and gave a prolonged whistle. "Deacon forgot it, did he?" said he. "Yes," replied John; "so I understood." "How! And won't Axy all but bust when she finds it out! Aetilly, 'tuin't best to tell her; the Deicion, ralj-, wouldn't he safe; she'd take his pelt. I do believe. I tell you, John," continued his uncle, after a thoughtful pause, "you just keep your own counsel, and I'll run right up to the Parson's. 'Tain't so bad as it might be; though, if the women get hold on't, it'll make some trouble, maybe. I'll just take a look at the stuff, and see perfectly what the law is on this point, and then I'll go right along, but, publishment or no publication, them two must be named tonight. I've set my heart on't, as I've told you more than once; and, besides, I've sworn to it, and it's got to be." So saying, The Colonel took down his well- thumbed copy of the Revised Statutes, opened at the index, then turned to the chopter entitled "An Act for the due and orderly celebrating of Marriage," and brought up the force of his intellect to bear upon the question of the construction and true interests of the clause which prescribed that, "no person shall be admitted in marriage, before the publication of the marriage or institution of the parties proceeding therein hath been sufficiently published in some public meeting or congregation, on the Lord's Day, or sometime subsequent, banksgiving, or lecture do not be deemed." In the meantime, Lieutenant Jones, whose Dwelling was the usual door to Deacim Swinton's, had hurried home, and told the important news to his wife; and that worthy lady, leaving the care of the roof to a little black girl, lost no time in going, by the black nurse, to her neighbors; and imparting to Mr. Sweeny and Joah, the aslooniog inlleligence, which so nearly concerned them. It was in consequence of this act of neighborly kindness, that Leonard Jones' household were, that day, forced to dine on chekes pie; the little black pirl having proved unworthy of the trust reposed in her by her too confiding mistress, and the subject of the trust itself, to wit, a fat and tender twelve-pound spring turkey, having been suffered to burn upon the spit, until it was nothing but a crisped and blackened cinder. Though she afterwards attempted, on inquiry, for deseribe the rise of Mrs. Swallow's default and its dinful "feast-t, Mrs. Jones never offered to do her matter full justice." This was her way, freely to confess; albeit she was a woman of different speech, and not a little rain of her gift in that respect, which, although it stirred the deepest terror into the heart of the negligent little black woman. Mill. Endeavored, appaled even the benevolent militia, her husband, was, in comparison, not an ordinary South-easter to a West Indian hurricane, that Mrs. Jones's ready tongue repeatedly failed to accomplish, my feeble pen still attempted to accomplish. When the first furious onset of her indignation had spent itself, and Lad given place to fierce but less violent blasts of wrathful emotion, Mrs. Jones's. Sweely seized her bonnet and stood, and, followed by Joub, entered forthwith, at a rapid pace, for Colonel Manners' house, which, as the supposition, her grieved husband had fled for refuge. The Parson and the Deacon, waiting for the Colonel's coming, saw her through the windows of the poison-house parlor, as she went through the window, and knew then that the doctor had rescued her ears. The Deacon turned and shivered in his shoes, but the wiser Parson took heart and comforted his trembling parishioner. "The worst is over," was he; such violent pillows, however, will fail to carry off, and as it were, only the superfluity of her mental irritation. I think, therefore, that, as my dinner is not yet ready, we had better go up to the Colonel, also; for otherwise it is plain that he shall now see him. So it happened, that when Colonel Manners, after turning down a loaf at the net aforesaid concerning Marriage, returned the Revised Statutes to its place on the shelf, and, putting on the hat, he got as far as the mouth of the mine, on his way to the Parsons, he beheld his sister, the Deacon's wife, bearing down towards him with incredible swiftness, with much following closely in her wake and, in the distance, far descried the Parsons and Deacon Sweeny, bovering at a safe inter-al astern, while, all along the street, the neighbors, standing at their doors, watched from afar the progress of the procession. " Well! there!" eaid the Colonel, in IV despairing tone, ns ho emne to a holt^ mid taking off his hat rubbed his e-calp iu grent ptrph'sily; "mow ef there ain't a goi»' to be « time, I otm I neT«r £««ano!" As tooa. ne Mrs. SwCcny reached (he place where her brother was standing, Dore-hended, she forthwith essayed to spealt ; but the tumult of her emotions, together with tlie eitreinc rt locity of her pnec, liadwell nigh deprived her of all power to u-fe that unruly member of licr body, for the usual vigor of wLicli she wLLi so justly remarkable. She was able only to gaep fortfi a few frngrnents of eiceedhigly abuslTC and cniuiunioos epithets, reference thereby being bad to her hiLsbiuid, Deacon Sweeny. This unwonted unpotcute on the part of UiB lady gave her brother an nuexpectwt mlvatitage, which tie did not fail to im- prove. "I declare," said he, address- ing her with great asnerity, "ye act more lik-e a dnmb fool than ever I knew yo to;" which was, in.iU'ed, the exad 190 TuxVe Marritd, [Angost, tralji ; although, to bo sure, tUo Colonel did not U:fc tlie adjcctivo in its ordiiuuy and literal sense, but chose it to quality the noun, on nccouut of its innocent similarity in ^ound to a more profane word. " Here yo are," he continued, " a racing down here like a nivin' distract- ed crctnr got out o' Bedlam ; and tlio up;ihot on't '11 bo that ye'llstir up Betsey aud Lucy, nml frighten 'cm about the publishment, when, cf ye'd ha' jest kep away, they'd ha' never known on't till arterwards, aud no harm done. And you, too, Joab ; what do you mean by tcoriii' along the street arter this fashion, with all the neighbors a loukin' on, a wonderin' niid mukiu' fun. You ort to kniiw bcltiT. I declare, yo put me out of all cousait with ye !" "Aud Where's the Deacon?" cried Mrs. Sweeny, who, by this time, had recovered breath enough to speak j "where is be; the ridio'lous, forgetful, good-for-nothin', onnateral old ." "Now do you jest come in hei-o!" muttered tbo Colonel through his closed teeth, as bo suddenly griped his sister by the ann, and walked her before him through the gate out of tho street. "Ow-fth — let me alone!" cried Mrs. Sweeny. But the Colonel had grown despondent. He tightened his grip, and gave him a pis-tor a shake or two that set him to the stretch of his shirt. "I tell you," said he, in a low, determined tone, "of you open your head to let out on any of your spiteful shine and yet husband, or anybody else, I'll be damned if I don't give you what he'd ort to get years ago, by grieving! I will, if it costs a string of laws! So shut up your mouth!" he added, shaking his head threateningly, as he let go his hold upon her arm, "and don't let me hear a crooked word out on it!" Mrs. Sweeny was, for once in her life, pretty thoroughly cowed; and, at this moment, greatly to her surprise, her husband and Parson Graves appeared at The gate; but the virago, into whose heart the Colonel's threat had struck a wholesome terror, darted not open her lips to revile the Deacon, especially as he was in the company of the Parson. "Morning, Parson; morning, Deacon," cried the Colonel, trying to assume a manner of smiling indifference. "Come in, Deacon; don't be afraid, your wife and I have heard all about it. There ain't much harm done, I guess." "And what can be done, Colonel," inquired the Parson, coming forward; while the Deacon, shrinking at the sight of the blazing fury which flashed from his wife's eyes, still hung in the rear. "Just come into the house and we'll talk it all over," replied the Colonel, leading the way; but, at the same time, casting backward a glance of warning at his sister. As soon as the whole party were seated in the bedroom, the Colonel went to seek his wife, who was not far off, having, from the window of Lucy's chamber, beheld, with esultation, the victory which her husband had gained over Mrs. Sweeny. He found her upon the stairs, and briefly communicated to her the intelligence of which she had already been informed by John Dashleigh. "Good gracious me!" cried Mrs. Manners, with well-known surprise, "and there's all the invitations to the wedding have been sent, and a good many are coming from out of town. What on earth's to be done?" "Now, Betsey," said the Colonel, taking his wife by the hand, "I'm decidedly persuaded; and I beg on you to be a reasonable woman, as you can be well enough, if you only have a mind to. Don't go to being set and def to all." Argument, as women will be sometimes. You know I have sworn a solemn oath that this wedding has got to take place tonight. I never want to break my oath or to have a fuss about it with you or Lucy." "But to be married without a publication," said Mrs. Manners, in a tone of gentle remonstrance. "Betsey!" cried the Colonel, a little impatiently; "you know you've seen me marry, just and last, a hull bamvard full of couples, that probably had never been published. But come, there's the Parson, Aiy, Joab, and the Deacon, all a woitin' down in the bedroom to hear lay opinion about the matter. I'm going to read them the law, and explain upon it. Just come along, and if you only reasonable, I'll satisfy you all." The Colonel was cridily sadly bothered and annoyed, and his wife, who loved him with all her heart, said nothing more to add to his vexation. "I'm willing, husband," said she, pressing his hand, "that if your heart is set upon it, your only soul will be filled tonight; just it's turn to fall short to have our only mind alive like a prince." Throughout the text, the following corrections have been made to the original text: "I know it, Beply," said I, "but it can't be expected." So Mrs. Manner, without further remark, followed her husband into the bed, where the others were waiting. The Deacon felt greatly relieved, which we, indeed, for him most opportune; for off the present possession of Union Graves, it was not possible to leave the place to which Mrs. H. Peery kept the peace to her husband. As soon as the usual greetings had been exchanged, Mrs. Manner and the Mission, the Colonel took down the Estate-Book again, and opened at the place where the leaf was turned down. "We all know that the usual form of publication of intention has been emitted," said Puntos Grafos, looking at his watch, and thinking of his dinner. Let us leave no time in deciding what to be a bride, with respect to the wedding, which, otherwise, would have been settled to the church. Joseph, you are one of the parties most interested. Are you willing if the ceremony should be postponed until another week, in order that due notice might be given to the congregation. Sabbath day is the place! Now Joseph's mood, during his famous walk, and while he had been waiting in the basement, had been greatly exercised and disturbed by a most distressing nature. In a word, he feared that the solitude of his present circumstances, as a burden, in his immediate vicinity, might, perhaps, be affected and impaired by a sudden change. In compliance with the requirement of the law, "For my part," said he, wriggling in his chair, on being replied to Perry Graves' question. "I should like to know whether it's legal or otherwise point to point. If it's legal, it's legal, and I don't see how it can be — I must say I'd rather wait. I'm in such a hurry as to make to break the law." "Humph!" said the Colonel, regarding his nephew with a look of contempt. "Your party, cool-headed, and cool-headed though, for a man of your age, in your sittings." "Sure," said the prisoner, "I admire the distinction and patience which the young man tries. If it's not legal to protect." Led, I cannot persons sing ceremoniously." The Colonel shook his head as a warning to his sister, who, with difficulty, restrained her wrath. "The wedding," said he, "is always a great event, and still looks at the disappointed man with composure, with composure, and I mean just what I say. If you are a man, you must be married to my sister. I must go to urge him; and if Parliament Graves wants to have it, that his publication had to be put out for a minister to act at a wedding, well and good; I've nothing more to say, just now, just now. How, then, that point. "Of course," began the minister. "Ah, for the matter of its being recorded to law, I do not suppose it would be strictly speaking," continued the Colonel, unmindful of the disappointment. "I'll just and explain what I said on that point. You must, Parson," he added, after having read from the book which he held in his hand, "you should have the statement pervaded the usual persimby should be lined in wedlock, without the usual legal notice published in a barroom manuscript." Pulid out. With, though to look, to be sure, at first eight, as if it meant to say in the public. Island, av jinia' — but 'luin't mi, atid tt don't mean so; for tba thiril fectJou here penidc?. tbal, t-f any juMico er minister shall jint mij person in marriage — shall ji^u auy person In marriage — shall ji^u auy person In marriage, "withly be increased empaeisi tmd looking up over his spectacles at the Parsif, "without being first published, they shall pay a fine of seven dollars, Now just look at the matter. Sons are married without being published, they're their jingles or they njn'l jined. If they are jined, why they are jined, and that's all that's wanted, and if they don't jined they ain't jined, and that their section is all nyni and dull, don't meet nothings, and can't be broke; and if they. It's the case, what on earth did the Legislature put it into the law for? But you see it does mean something, and can be broke, and it is the offenders that persons can be jined in marriage, who haven't been published; only those that perform the ceremony and do so. When it comes to doing, and it is liable to pay the penalty, then the law is broken, and it is liable to pay the penalty. Here the Colonel paused, and, having got a little heated, he took off his spongy and walked his forehead with his hands. "Just so," said Mrs. Sweeny, to whom, nevertheless, the Colonels' exposition of the morning of the statute had been wholly incomprehensible. "It's as plain as plain that we all exactly according to the law," said Colonel, "I think I understand your argument, Colonel," said the Parson, who had listened attentively, sitting, meanwhile, very straight and upright in his chair, with his hands resting on the top of his chair, his eyebrows and a little elevated, and his head cocked tightly to one side. "Allow me to see the book," he added, putting on his spectacles — "ah! yes — section third — um-m — any minister— um-m-hall pay— sixty-seven dollars— um-m-m — one moiety — um-m — and so forth: j-eji, Colonel, I think you're right; and, with respect to the fine." "Why!" "Of course, you won't lose nothing in that way!" cried the Colonel with great emphasis — "the Deacon and I will stand in that gap, if need be; they." Deacon! "Yes, of course," replied Deacon Sweeny, under the strait duress of his wife's glance. "I'll be willing to give twice the money, just to see the fellow that's there to prosecute," cried the Colonel, snatching the table with his fist. "Nove the truth," remarked the Parson, "I must confess I like not the idea of infringing the law of the land, even when I may do so with impunity. It becomes not those to whom authority is entrusted to use it in a manner which is by law forbidden." "Well, Parson," said the Colonel; "as for that, I suppose I'm in authority as much as you be; and, though as a general thing I intend to be a law-abiding man, which I ought to be as a citizen and a friend, and particularly as a magistrate, I'd use as not tell you that I expect I've broken this identical statute more than fifty times. If a couple looks old enough to have a right to be married as they please, I just can't be without being too curious." "Is it possible!" cried the Parson; "and that's the secret of the reason why young people..." From beyond the line, Heck your house so much more frequently than mine, as I have heard?" "Kzackly," replied the Colonel, with a shrewd smile; "now you've found it out, you'll be getting my business away from me — now you've learned the trick of my trade; and a pretty good business it is, too, about this time of year. Last Thanksgiving night, when we got home from Andrew's and Sally's wedding, up to the Deacon's here, you're looking, we found two couples waiting to be joined; didn't we, Betsey? and I joined them, too; though, I haven't more time they were published, than I have they were bound — not a bit." Encouraged by these precedents.
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PleIAs/common_corpus/00000/39
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This little Catechism has grown out of the needs of my own work. Fathers and me, " Our diildren are constantly asking us questions that we can- Perfectly natural! Their reading and study have not been such as to laakc them familiar with the results of critical scholarship. The great modem revolu- tien of thought is bewildering. This is an attempt to make the path of ascertained truth a Utile plainer. This is the call for help in the home. Besides this, a similar call has come from the Sunday-achooL Multitudes of teachers have little time to ransack libraries and study large worka. This is an attempt, then, to help them, by putting in their handa, in brief fompass, tlie prindpal things believed by Unitarians concerning the greatest The list of reference books that follows the questions and answers will enable these who wish to do so to go more deeply into the topics suggested. It is believed that this Catechism will be found adapted to any grade of scholars shove the infant cUss, provided the teacher has some skill in the matter of interpretation. G£a H* ELUS CO., PubUihert, 272 Coofrea Su Bottoo, Ma«. PILLARS OP THE TEMPLE By MINOT J. SAVAGE sue, S}ix7h tnciini pt^t», 226; price, 90 cents net; by tatJUf 99 cents Dr. Savage is acknowledged to be one of the foremost preachers of liberal religion in this country, and his books, whether on religions or other subjects, have a wide circulation among many different classes of people. In this last volume each chapter deals with car- dinal points of religious belief from the author's Unitarian point of view. "The God we Worship/* "The Christ we Love," "The Heaven we Hope for," "The Hell we Fear," indicate the Ime of topics treated. The foundation truths of religion cannot be too often emphasized or repeated, and when such wholesome religious teachings can be put into Dr. Savage's own simple, direct, reasonable, and forceful way, the resulting volume appeals to all who are willing to be guided by clear and fearless thinking. The chapters of this particular book go far to clear up confused popular ideas about the subjects dealt with. The pillars upon which this temple is reared are sturdy columns of rational religious conceptions which devoutly concern the development of the higher life. Rev. Robert CoUyer writes a brief introduction, telling of the circumstances under which he became in a way sponsor for the material now published as " Pillars of the Temple." PUBLICATION DEPARTMENT American Unitarian Association 25 BEACON STREET, BOSTON j.3 PnblMwd •We«kly. Prlo ♦l.SO a year, or^^f^y^ ^lyyle. coyy ** Same great cause, Go<Ps new Messi^f^\i «^ ^ 10' ■/ MESSIAH PULPIT NEW YORK (Being a continuation of l/nily Pulpit, Boston) SERMONS OF M. J. SAVAGE Vol. IX. NOVEMBER ii, 1904. No. 7. OUR POOR RELATIONS, THE ANIMALS. GEO. H. KLLIS CO. 37a CONGRBSS StKBET, BoSTON 104 £. aoTH Strbbt, Nbw York 1904 KidtrtdtU thg Poft-cffic*^ Bosicn^ Mms.^ as stcond-class mail matUr. This is thy brother, this poor alvcr fish, Close to the surface, dying in his dish ; Thy flesh, thy beating heart, thy very life; All this, I say, thou art, against thy wish. Thou mayst not turn away, thou shalt allow The truth, nor shalt thou dare to question how; There is but one great heart in nature beating. And this is thy heart, this, I say, art thou.. In all thy power and all thy pettiness. With this and that poor selfish purpose, this And that high-climbing fancy, and a heart Caught into heaven or cast in the abyss, — Thou art the same with all the little earth, A little part; and sympathy of birth Shall tell thee, and thine openness of soul, What jear t> death and what a life is worth, P. H. Savagb. OUR POOR RELATIONS. THE ANIMALS. I HAVE chosen four or five difiFeient passages as texts, because I wish you to get in mind the range of expression contained in the Bible on this subject. First, I call your attention, without quoting them, to the twenty-fourth and twenty-fifth verses of the first chapter of Genesis in connection and contrast with the twenty-seventh verse. It is where God is represented as having created all the living things below the human, and then, in quite a different way, as having created man. Then in the twenty-fifth chapter of Deuteronomy, at the fourth verse, you will find the words, "Thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he treadeth out the com." In the twelfth chapter of the Book of Proverbs the tenth verse reads as follows: "A righteous man regard- eth the Hfe of his beast, but the tender mercies of the wicked are cruel." In the tenth chapter of the Gospel according to Mat- thew the twenty-ninth and thirtieth verses read as fol- lows: "Are not two sparrows sold for a farthing? and not one of them shall fall on the ground without your Father: the very hairs of your head are numbered." And then, for the last verse, in the ninth chapter of the First Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians, Paul quotes and comments on the verse which I read from Deuter- onomy: **For it is written in the law of Moses, Thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he treadeth out the com. Is it for the oxen that God careth, or saith he it alto- gether for our sake? Yea, for our sake it was written." If we go far enough back in the history of the world, we come to a time when the chronic relation between man and the animal world was one of warfare. It Mras necessarily so ; but, unfortunately, this condition has left inherited traces which are not yet outgrown. Note the conditions. When men first emerged from the purely animal condition, they were the weakest creatures, almost, on the face of the earth. The huxnan child still is the weakest of all the young that begin their career on this planet. Men had no natural weapons of the ordinary kind with which to fight against their enemies, the animals. For you must remember that the animals were enemies, rivals. They occupied the ground; and, if men were to have any peaceful habitation, they must clear it of these animals or bring them in some way under control. And man had no natural weapons. He was not as strong as a good many other animals. He was not as fleet of foot as other animals. He had no horns nor hoofs nor poisonous sting with which to defend himself. Where did his strength, then, lie ? It was in just that peculiarity which has made him, as the years have gone by, the master of the world. He had a certain added brain power, so that he was wiser than they. He could outwit — that is, out-know — ^his rivals and his enemies. And there was a physical peculiarity. He not only began to stand upon his feet; but this wonderful fact — did you ever think of it ? — that the thumb is opposed to the four fingers in men, and that so they are able to grasp, was apparent. They had hands. And with these hands they could tear off a limb from a tree and use it as a cudgel ; and with this brain power they could think out various devices; they could chip the flint, and so come into possession of knives or spear-heads. They could go on discovering and making various kinds of weapons with which to protect themselves. But for a long period of time men veritably fought for their Uves with the other animals; and the world has not yet, curiously enough, outgrown that condition. Before coming to the present time, however, let me ask you to note something of strange significance in the Bible. I wonder how many of you ever noticed it? Wlien the conquest of Canaan was going on, the Israel- ites are told not to destroy their enemies, the previous possessors of the land, too rapidly, lest the wild beasts increase in such numbers as to threaten their very ex- istence. You see the strenuousness of the warfare in so modem a time as that. But it is going on to-day. Every year in India there are hundreds of thousands of men and women and chil- dren who lose their lives. The tigers, the serpents, the different wild beasts of the jungle, are continually prey- ing upon them. So that men have had to fight the ani- mals in order that they might live. And out of this necessity there have grown up certain inherited feelings of antagonism that we need to-day to outgrow and leave behind. I wish you to note another strange phase of human development. I suppose every nation in the world has passed through this phase. You do not have to go back 90 very far to find it. We find it to-day in our story books, particularly those that the children enjoy. In these books the animals think, can talk, converse with each other and with men. There is a tribe of people of whom I have read — ^I do not this moment recall its name — who to-day tell us that the monkeys might talk if they only would, but that they keep still through fear that they might be set to work if they showed too much intelligence. We do not have to go back too far before we find a time when people believed in identity of life and nat- ure between themselves and the animals. They wer« not so very different a kind of being. They were sub- stantially the same. Indeed, we find that condition of^ things on this continent when it was discovered. You are aware of the fact that many a tribe of Indians traces its descent from some animal that they call the totem of the tribe. They trace back to the tortoise, the bear, the wolf, and so on. And they veritably believed that they were descended from some one of these animals. For these animals possessed the same kind of natures that they did. The gods they worshipped were their own human ancestors, having entered into the spiritual world, become invisible, and endowed in the popular imagination with a tremendous increase of power beyond that which they used to possess when they Hved here. And it might be the souls of some of these ancestors inhabiting the bodies of some of the animals. There was the possibility of intercommunication of Ufe and office in this way. And here is the basis for much of the practice of sacri- fice that has obtained in the past. The people beheved that the animal which was sacrificed was of the same nature as the god, and that they also possessed the same nature as the animal and as the god ; and so in this cere- mony there \^a8 intercommunication of nature and life, a re-establishment of vital bonds between themselves and the god, — ^bonds of worship and obedience on their part, bonds of protection and care on the part of the deity. The next step to which I wish to call your attention was a very easy one to take following this. You are aware of course that perhaps at least a third part of the inhabitants of the world, if not more, still believes in the transmigration of the soul,— not merely that the same soul at different periods of the earth's history may in- habit different human bodies, but that the soul may in- habit the bodies of animals, of birds, of reptiles, of insects, of anything that lives. Being so near to the time when they believed in the practical identity of nature of all the different forms of life, you see how easy it was for an idea like this to spring up. Andy when we go among the Buddhists or to India or to other parts of the world where this belief obtains, we may wonder at the attitude which people maintain towards animals; but we are not to think that it is the kind of tenderness that we think ought to exist to-day towards lo^er creatures. It is fear oftentimes. The people are afraid to kill an animal or a bird. Why ? Lest it may be the body of some man, perhaps some friend, some member of their own family. And in this way they commit sacrilege, they offend the gods, and perhaps as a result they may have to pay the penalty in their next incarnation of wearing precisely this kind of a body which they have cruelly or thoughtlessly de- stroyed. So the fact that among these people they do not eat meat and do not kill animals for sport or in any other way when they can help it is simply because it is a part of their religion. It is not natural, human tenderness for the creatures of the lower world. Now I wish you to note another step; and it is a very curious one. It looks as though we were doubling on our track and going back to the beginning; for what has ^nodem science to teach us to-day concerning the ani- mals? That they are veritably, in all Kteralness, our rela- tions, our relatives. It tells us that there is only one He in the universe, from the least, tiniest globule that we can speak of as living up through all forms of vege- table life, of life in the seas, of life in the jungles, of life in the air, dear up to man, — ^life divine, life in God, life 8 from God, life climbing back towards God. That is the teaching of modem science. So animals, then, — ^these birds, these reptiles, the in- sects, whatever has life, — all these are our relations: they share with us the same life that we share with God. And how many of the qualities that we are proud of as men do they also possess? Animals think, reason. I think they do. If you choose to call the process of mind through which tfcey go **instinct," then be consist- ent, and call it instinct in yourself; for, so far as we can trace it, the two are identical. Animals dream, imagine, remember, love, hate. What superb qualities there are in some of them! There is a faithfulness, a constancy, a devotion, developed in some of the dogs that perhaps does not have its equal any- where else in the world. Human love can be tired out, can be killed by abuse, can be starved. But notice the dog. Let him love and be devoted to a master, and neither hunger nor thirst, nor cold nor neglect, nor abuse^ neither drunkenness nor the lowest degree of that which is disreputable on the part of a man, alienates him. He is faithful, constant, devoted still. And these animals love enough so that they sacrifice their lives for each other and for their young. And they love enough so that they die of grief on the graves of their human masters. And similar things are true of other animals besides the dog. We, then, ought to remember, whatever we do towards the animals, that we stand in this vital relation towards them. Remember what they are and what they are capable of. I shall come back to this with some other ideas before I am through. Now I wish to call your attention to a strange and to me. a very sad fact. Whatever the reason may have been for kindness and tenderness, or apparent kindness 9 and tenderness, in other parts of .the world, and what- ever the reason may have been for the absence of these in Christianity, I believe it to be true — ^it is so far as I have been able to study the matter — that there never has been a period in human history when animals have been so abused, so maltreated, so neglected, treated so inhumanly, as they have been in Christendom for the last nineteen hundred years; and yet we worship a man whose distinguishing quality was gentleness and love, and whom we call the Prince of Peace. I wish to suggest one or two things as having some possible bearing on this strange fact. I have read to you several passages from the Bible this morning by way of texts. I wish you to note two or three of them. In the creation account it is said that God made the animals and the birds and the creeping things of the earth, — ^made them just as he did the clouds and the islands, the continents and the seas. Then he made man in a different way. He made him in his own image, and gave him dominion over all these, set him up above them as a king not only, but as having a right — at any rate, this right has been asserted — of exploiting all these for his own advantage and his own pleasure, just as he happened to feel like doing. There is no command in the Bible anywhere to treat animals kindly, to be specially considerate about them. There is this passage I read about not muzzling the ox when he is treading out the com, — giving him a chance to get a mouthful of food now and then in the process; that is what it means. It is said that the righteous man is merciful to his beast. There is a passage that says even the Sabbath may be bn)ken to get a sheep out of a pit, if he has fallen into it ; but it does not say whether it is on accotmt of mercy to the sheep or to save a man's property. Jesus tells us that God notes even the fall of a sparrow ; lO but a large part of Christianity has followed Paul instead of Jesus both in its theology and in a good many other ways. And you wiU note that Paul quotes the i>assage about the ox when he is tieading the com, and then raises the question as to whether that is because God cares anything about the ox. No, he says, not at all, that is for our sake; and then he goes on and deduces the lesson, saying it .has a moral meaning for men, and •nothing to do with consideration or tenderness for the ox. So there was no distinct and definite Christian com- mand to be kind towards animals. Then let us look at the conditions of things, say, in the Middle Ages. I do not remember the precise cen- tury; but about the time of the ninth Louis in France nearly one-half, if not quite one-half, of the entire area of France was reserved as hunting grounds for the no- bility. And what did the nobles do ? These men who ruled the people by divine right, what were they doing? They were fighting, they were eating and drinking, they were gaming, they were playing at love, or they were hunting; and that is all they did when they were awake. The word '* clerk," a man who could read, was a term of contempt. None of them knew how to read ; and he would have been ashamed of himself if he had known. So there was nothing else for them to do except to en- gage in such occupations as I have spoken of. So every day they found their amusement, when they were not busy about something else, simply in killing something. And it has grown into a habit in Christendom. To-day somebody has said that the young Englishman, when he has nothing more important to do, says, **Let us go and kill something. '* That is his idea of having a good time. And so they travel all over the world, — come here with BufiFalo Bill in the Rocky Mountains, go to Africa ri and India — ^purely for the delight of kilUng something. That is their great idea of having a good time. This is the traditional attitude, then, towards the animals that has been maintained throughout nearly the history of Christendom. I wish now — for I am running over these preUminaries as rapidly as I can — ^to point out to you and ask you to consider with me some of the ways by which we are needlessly cruel, — cruel towards these poor relations of ours, the lower forms of life. In the first place I want to speak again of this matter of sport, about which I have just been talking. I do not wish to be too severe, too hard here. I merely wish to ask people to think a little. The Indians of the plains, whatever else they did, never engaged in this mere sport of killing things for the fun of it. They killed animals to get them out of the way, they killed them for food; but I have never known of a case of their killing them merely for amusement. I have carried a rifle ever since I was able to lift one. I love to shoot. I used to love to shoot at birds and beasts and all sorts of living things; but I was not more than twelve or thirteen years of age before — ^nobody taught it to me — the idea came into my mind that possi- bly it was more amusement for me than it was for them, that possibly they did not enjoy being shot. And, then, the further question came as to whether I had any right to shoot them merely for amusement. And, whether I have decided it rightly or wrongly, I have decided in favor of the animals; and I have never taken any pleasure in killing things since. I do not object to a man's fishing and using what he catches for food; I do not object to his going into the woods and shooting game for food; but I never could quite see the prowess of going into the woods merely to shoot a moose or a deer or a bear, something that is 12 possessed of a wonderful life, a magnificent life, which you can take away in a moment, but cannot give back again. How any man can look in the clear, soft, deep eye of one of these wild creatures, and then pull the trigger of his rifle, I cannot understand. It seems to me that it is not the highest type of what we think of as human, — this merely killing things for amusement. And there is another aspect of the case. We are cruel as the result of the commercial spirit. We assume, for example, that we have a perfect right to take possession of a wild horse and tame him for our uses, and then that he is a piece of property, he is an engine, or a ma- chine, containing so much force, and we have a right to use that force for our advantage, to use it up in a year or ten or five, or any number we please, just as it happens to suit our convenience, and then we have a right to fling him away as a worn-out bit of machinery, and replace him with a new one. That is the assumption; and so you will find street railways, for example, estimating the length of life of a horse. And in a gfood many different departments of the world it is the same. They use them up just as fast as it pays to use them up, and then get a new supply. The question as to whether the horse likes it or suffers in the process does not come up for consideration or as to whether we have a right in this way to exploit the lives of our poor relations. This seems never to be considered. I never could understand how, if a man has had a horse that he has learned to love, a horse that has served him well for several years, how he can turn that horse oflf when he gets a little past the best time of his life, let him go into the common market, let him get into the hands of anybody who will wring the last drop of 13 vitality out of him before flinging him to the rubbish heap. If I were a man of means and had a horse that I liked, I would turn him out to pasture in his old age, or, if I could not do that, I would put him into the hands of somebody I knew who would use him kindly and care- fully, and then put him to a painless end. Or, if I could not do either of these things, I would put him out of the way myself. I would not turn him over into what is ahnost of necessity certain last years of suffering, of cruelty, of neglect. There is another way in which we are cruel. We are cruel through vanity. And here the tender-hearted and loving women are the most pitiless sinners of all. Cer- tain creatures, certain birds, are almost exterminated, merely for ornament; and they tell us that some of them are caught and put to death for their plumage just at the time of the year when it means suffering and starva- tion and death for their helpless young. And women, tender-hearted, and who would faint at the sight of a drop of blood, calling themselves religious, will deck themselves out with these trophies of atro- cious cruelty, and then go into the house of God and bend their heads meekly in a hideous mockery of devotion. Men are guilty along these lines of vanity as well. Men want their horses to make a fine appearance on the street, so they adopt the overhead check, put into their mouths a bit that is torment, so that they will appear alive, restless. They dock their tails. They will do all sorts of things purely out of vanity, to make a finer display on the street. I wish these people who do these things could have some parallel thing in their own case for a little while, a bit like this in their own mouths, their own heads tipped Iwtck, and held there until it was torture. The docking is not so bad so long as the horse is in the hands of a kind 14 and careful and wealthy master; but, turned out in his old age, it becomes a source of positive suffering and cruelty. Then there is the cruelty that comes from thought- lessness,— thoughtlessness on the part of men and women. I feel like quoting here a saying of Dr. John- son. Mrs. Thrale was taken to task one day by the doctor for something which she had said or done; and she defended herself by saying, "I didn't think." "Bat, madame," said the doctor, **you have no right not to think." And, when it touches questions of ri^ht or wrong, cruelty or kindness, neither men nor women have any right not to think. Brains were given us for the express purpose of enabling us to think. How many people, not perhaps in the city so much, but in the country through, cause cruelty to the animals by forgetting to feed them, because it is not quite con- venient at a certain time to let them have any drink, neglect them in all sorts of ways, let them suffer from exposure to the cold ! And in the case of our dogs and cats, our household companions and pets, how much of cruelty there is the round year through which is the result of not being will- ing to take a little trouble or from thoughtfulness! You will find people in the spring shut up their houses and go to the country, and turn the household cat loose to starve or annoy the neighbors on the streets. In a hundred ways — I merely suggest them: you know what they are, if you will only stop and think — we are cruel because we are selfish, we are thoughtless, we are not willing to take trouble. And I want to hint in regard to the unconscious cruelty on the part of children. Boys run through and sum up the development of the race from the time they are bom until they get to be men. They pass through a period when they are nothing but barbarians; and barbarism 15 docs not always mean purposed cnidt>\ It means not thinking, ddliglit in animal acthrity, no matter what it costs anything else. So you win find boys — I have been one mysdf — in- stinctively hmi a stone at a binL until every bird in the neighboriiood is frightened when they see a boy oome in sight, — ^jnst because they want to try their skill or see something move; and so they torment dogs and cats and every wild creature of the woods, merely out of the ex- uberance of their tendency to play, to see things go. Why do I speak of this? Because we have power to help oar children to do a fitde thfnking as they grow up. and teach them to be a little kindly. There is no child, I think, who goes into our PSark and sees the squirrels nm up and feed out of his hand, who is not capable of learning that that is a sweeter, finer relation than it would be if the squirrd took to its heels the moment a boy came in sight. Teach them the delight and wonder of our relations to the animal worid, and to live in kindliness and s^-m- pathy towards them. There is one other form of cruelty that I must speak of; and that is the cruelty of modem science in the way of viWsection. I am not going to express myself over- nidically on this subject. I am not at all sure that there have not been cases of vi\*isection which have been justi- fied by the result. There may be cases to-day. I am told by the best autlnmties that there are. But I am inclined to believe that it is unjustifiably overdone, and that there is a large amount of cruelty that public sentiment ought to condemn. If disease can be prevented and life saved in this way, it may be justifiable. But surely it should be reduced to the lowest possible minimnm ; and the methods should be made as humane as possible. So I believe we ought to cultivate a healthy public i6 sentiment in this direction and prevent these different kinds of cruelty so far as we may. Are we responsible ? Here in New York every day are scenes still to make your heart ache, — ^horses overloaded. I walk down Fifth Avenue every morning in the year, and frequently I see from one to half a dozen horses fallen on the asphalt. The head of our Street Cleaning Department the other day told us it was entirely un- necessary, and that it was not the fault of his department, but the fault of our method of sprinkling the streets instead of having them thoroughly and efficiently cleansed. Let us feel ourselves responsible. As the old men in the anti-slavery days here in the North felt themselves responsible for the lash on the backs of the slaves in the South, let us all feel responsible for this needless, this preventable cruelty. How many of us would be willing to take the trouble to give an hour, if necessary, for a complaint against a case of cruelty, to go into court if it were necessary to testify? I should shrink from it, I know, a great many times. I hope, however, I should be decent enough to do it in spite of the shrinking. Let us hold ourselves responsible for these things until we have done every- thing we can to prevent them. And — ^at the end — I have said that men have as- sumed that they had a right to the service of these ani- mals. I am willing to concede that we have a right — if it was a question of a right between the life of an animal and our own — to put the animal out of the way. I am not willing to take the attitude of the vegetarian, and say that we have no right to kill them for food. But have the animals any rights ? We have trained horses, we have domesticated the dog and the cat and a good many other animals that we do not use in the way of labor, but simply keep for our amusement. 17 Have we a right by force to take possession of these independent Hves? I will not discuss that; I simply raise that question; but in all humanity, if we do ex- ercise the power, whether it is a right or not, is it not perfectly clear that we have no right to make slaves of them first and then be inhumanly cruel by the year afterwards? If we take them into our possession and use them for our service and our pleasure, the least we can do is to treat them as well as we know how, and to give them at least comfort, good shelter, food, drink, a little passing kindliness, — to treat them fairly well. I think they have rights. They have just as much right in one way as you or I ; and the tiniest thing, the one whose life is the briefest, ought we not to treat it with peculiar consideration? Here is a little insect. It is going to live only an hour, dancing, fluttering in the sunshine. Shall we not let him have that little hour? What is the use of killing Hm, merely for a whim, the exercise of superfluous power on our part? The animals have a right to live, a right to whatever enjojrment they can get out of life, — just as much right as you or I. Let us concede that right. And let us remember that, if we do not do it for their sakes, we ought to do it for our own. A man ought to be — ^not a gentleman (the word *' gentleman" has been so abused that it does not convey the idea I mean) : he ought to be a gentle man, for his own sake, for the sake of realiz- ing the ideal of his own nobility of nature. Cowper said, you know, that he would not number on his list of friends the man "Who needlessly sets foot upon a worm." Wliy not give the worm a chance to live his little life ? At any rate, we ought to cultivate kindUness for the i8 sake of God, for the sake of our own nattires, for the sake of the same divine and human nature which they share, for the sake of biotherliness, and of love, and make it a part of our religion. Remember that beautiful verse — I could not preach on this subject without quoting it — from **The Ancient Mariner," — "He prayeth best who loveth best All things, both great and small; For the dear God, who loveth us. He made and loves them all." Father, let this same spirit of tenderness and S3rmpathy which is Thy nature be ours, and let us be kindly, not only to each other, but to whatever can suffer or enjoy. Amen. I HYMNS. By MINOT J. SAVAGE, D.D. Uniform with his •■Poems" and ■'Light on the Ciond." Price I1.00. POEMS. By D». SAVAGE. Price reduced to $IJOO. UGHT ON THE CLOUD. By Dr. SAVAGE. Price reduced to J^Tff hetUr gift boohs than the above **Hymns " and **Poems^^ being tpecialiy adapted for the holiday season^ ** Light on the Cloud** for time of bereavement and sorrow, I For nle by bookaellen, or ttnt, postpaid, on receipt oi price by GEO. H. ELLIS CO., Publisher, vi% CoNGnss St., Boctom. 104 East mth St., Nbw Yokk. By MINOT J. SAVAGE, D.D. \ The Passing and Permanent in Relig:ion 336 pp. 8*. it^nei. By mall, $1.50 In this volume Dr. Savage has attempted to make clear die great, positive elements of religion which cannot pass away. In distingoiah- ing these from the transient things, he seeks to assure his readets that they need not be troubled by the necessary changes which are canned by our growth in the knowledge of truth. No really divine thing can be destroyed. The author considers the following topics: Religions and Religion, Theologies and Theology, Universe, Man, Bibles, Gods, Saviours, Worship, Prayer, The Church, Hells, Heavens, The Resur- rection Life. Life Beyond Death V. pp.342. $1.50 Being a Review of the World's Beliefs on the Subject, a Consideration of Present Conditions of Thought and Feeling; leading to the Question as to whether it can be Demonstrated as a Fact. To which is added an Appendix containing Some Hints as to Personal Experiences and Opinions. '* The book is one that every one can and ought to read. There are no technicalities of style to offer an excuse for passing it by No un- intelligible philosoph3r or speculative formulas lie at the basis of the discussion. It is all in plain English. Dr. Savage has the excellent knack of putting profound problems into every-day language. He states the issues and dilemmas of present thought with remarkable clearness, auid with as much boldness as clearness, challenging every mental temper except courage and intelligent thinking. These are rare qualities, and ought to give the work a wide reading even among thoee who are not prepared to follow its sympathies.*' — Prof. Jamks H. Hyslop, in the CArisimtt Jt^gistgr. \ G. P. PUTNAM^ SONS, New York and London Can Telepathy Explain? BY MINOT J. SAVAGE Dr. Savage here discusses problems that have vexed intelligent minds probably to a greater extent than any others, saving those of the religious life. He states a great number of well-authenticated instances of ap- parently spiritistic revelation or communication. His discussion is frank and fearless. This work merits the widest reading, for he deals with facts and experi- ences. Price $t.00 net G. R PUTNAM'S SONS 27 and 29 ▼. 23d STREET - - - - NEV YORK LIVING BY THE DAY Selections for Every Day of the Year from the Writings of MINOT ]• SAVAGE, D.D. By H. G. W. X^tDOf 210 pp., dolii,' gilt top» $l«00 net It is thought that the many friends of Dr. Savage will be glad to have, every day through the year, these words of cheer and hope from him. Our Catalosftses of Caleodafs* Childfen^t BookB» ind Gift Books tent free on applicatioo. E. P. DUTTON & CO., Publishers 31 Veit Twenty-thiid St., New Yo*. UNITARIAN CATECHISM M. J. SAVAGE WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY B. A. NORTON PrftoBy P&pcTt per Copy v - - * 20 cenli " Dou ilM " Ckthr " Copy 30 cenli "Do*. $2.50 INTRODUCTION. ThfB prafftce \ff Mr. Savage gives the reasona, clearly and conciaely, v^y a book Ike Ifaia la nieedcd. It aaawera a great demand, and tt will rapply a serioas deficiency. Hawfag had die privilege of reaifii^ the contents very thoroughly^-l gladly record my thlaniop in the duuacter of the work, my hope of its wide acceptance and use, my ■WwLilion of the anthor's motives in prepaiing it. The qaesdons and answers allow ef BoppleoMnling, of individaal handling, of personal direction. It is not a hard-and- iMi ptodoctioB. There is a large liberty of detail, explanation, and unfolding. The dnrtiinal poaitions are in accord with rational religion and liberal Christianity, the criti- cat iodgaients are based on modem scholarship, and the great tim throughout is to assist la iaqalnsr or pupil to a positive, permanent faith. If any one finds comments and trt'u tains wixich at first sight seem needless, let u be remembered that a Unitarian cat- echxBs miMt give reasons, point out errors, and trace causes : it cannot simply dogma- tae. I am anre that in the true nae of this book great gains will come to our Sunday- ' ifhoola, to aearchen after truth, to our cause. Edward A. Horton. AUTHOR'S PREFACE. Thb little Catwhism has grown out of the needs of my own work. Fathers and I have said to me, " Our children are constantly asking us questions that we can- ." Perfectly natural I Their reading and study have not been such as to I funiliar with the results of critical scholarship. The great modem revolu- tioB of tfaoogfat is bewildering. This is an attempt to make the path of ascertained troth a Bole plainer. TUa la the call for help in the home. Besides this, a similar call has come from Ike Sanday-schooL Multitudes of teachers have little -time to ransack libraries and ■lady large worka. This is an attempt, then, to help them, by putting in their hands, in Wsf cosnpaas, the princqial things believed by Unitarians concerning the greatest The Hat ol reference books that follows the questions and answers will enable those who wirii to do so to go more deeply into the topics suggested. It b bcUcved that thia Catechism will be found adapted to any grade of schoUrs sheta dbe infant daas, provided tiie teacher has some skill in the matter of interpretation. GEO. H. ELLIS CO^ PuUlifien, 272 Congrew St» Bortoo* Nbm* PILLARS or THE TEMPLE By MINOT J. SAVAGE SUc 5Xx7^ Indicsi pas:et, 226; price, 90 oenti net; by niailt 99 cents Dr. Savage is acknowledged to be one of the foremost preachers of liberal religion in this country, and his books, whether on religions or other subjects, have a wide circulation among many dififerent classes of people. In this last volume each chapter deals with car- dinal points of religious belief from the author's Unitarian point of view. "The God we Worship," "The Christ we Love,*' "The Heaven we Hope for," '*The Hell we Fear," indicate the line of topics treated. The foundation truths of religion cannot be too often emphasized or repeated, and when such wholesome religious teachings can be put into Dr. Savage's own simple, direct, reasonable, and forceful way, the resulting volume appeals to all who are willing to be guided by clear and fearless thinking. The chapters of this particular book go far to clear up confused popular ideas about the subjects dealt with. The pillars upon which this temple is reared are sturdy colunms of rational religious conceptions which devoutly concern the development of the higher life. Rev. Robert Collyer writes a brief introduction, telling of the circumstances under which he became in a way sponsor for the material now published as " Pillars of the Temple." PUBUCATION DEPARTMENT American Unitarian Association 25 BEACON STREET, BOSTON J Pttltftthed W— kly. Prtc» $1.60 a y— r. or g^r**i*tr^^Mt»'3 " Som£ great cause^ God's new Messiah " MESSIAH PULPIT NEW YORK (Being a continaatioa of Unity Pulfit, Boston) SERMONS OF M. J. SAVAGE Vol. IX. NOVEMBER i8, 1904. No. 8. SERIES ON Life's Dark Problems L THE ANSWER OF JOB GEO. H. KLLIS CO. 27a CoNGRSss Strbbt, Boston 104 E. aoTH Strxbt, Nbw York 1904 Snterwiimi the Peet-^fice^ Bett^Ht MtuM,^ m *eeetid<Uu mtUl mmihr. MR. SAVAGE'S BOOKS. Sbrmons akd Essays. ChristiaiiitT the Science of Manhood. 187 pages. 1873 ^1.430 The ReligioB of EToiution. 953 pages. 1876 1.50 Life Questions. 159 pages. 1879 1.00 The Morals of Evoltttion. 191 paces. 1880 1.00 Beliefs about Jesus. 161 pages. 1881 1.00 Belief in God. 176 pages. 1882 tjoo Beliefs about Man. 130 pages. 188a 1.00 Beliefs about the Bible. ao6 pages. 18813 i.oo The Modem Sphinx. 160 pages. 1883 1.00 Man, Woman and Child, aoo pages. 1884 x.oo The Religious Life, a la pages. 1885 ijoo Social Problems. 189 pages. x886 i.oo My Creed. 304 pages. 1887 1.00 Rdigious Reconstniction. 246 pages 1888 uoo Signs of the Times. 187 pages. 1889 t.oo Helps for Daily Living^ 150 pages. 1889 kjoo Life. 337 pages. 1890 1.00 Four Great Questions Concerning God. 86 para. 1891. Paper .as The Trrepressible Conflict between Two World-Theories. Cloth i.oo Paper 50 The Evolution of Christianity. 178 pages. 1893 i.oo Is this a Good World ? 60 pages. 1893. Paper 35 Jesus and Modem Life. 330 pages. 1893 1.00 A Man. 183 pages. 1895 i.oo Religion for To-day. 350 pages. 1897 1.00 Our Unitarian Gospel. 383 pages. 1898 1.00 MlSCSLLANKOUS. Light on the Cloud. 176 pages. 1876. Full gilt 1.3$ Bluffton: A Story of To-day. 348 pages. 1878 . 1.50 Poems. 347 pages. 1883. Full gilt. With portrait 150 Hymns. 92 pages. 1898 i .od Theae Degenerate Days. Small. 1887. Flexible 50 The Minister's Hand-book. For Christenings, Weddings, and Funerals. Cloth .75 Psychics: Facts and Theories. Cloth 1.00 Paper y Sacred Songs for Public Worship. A Hymn and Tune Book. Edited by M. J. Savage and Howard M. Dow. Cloth i.oo Leather 1.50 Unitarian Catechism. With an Introduction by E. A. Horton. Price, Paper, per copy, 30 cents. Per dozen 1.50 Price, Cloth, per copy, 30 cents. Per dozen 3.50 Mr. Savage's weekly sermons are regularlv printed in pamphlet form in "Messiah Pulpit.'* Subscription price, foi the season, $1.50; single copy, scents. GEO. H. ELLIS CO., PiMisA^rs, arja Congrtu St., Bosttnt^ Mass- i04 East aoik St., Nnv Vark Publittaed by 0. P. PUTNAM'S s6ns. New York. Life beyond Death. 1899 #1.50 The Passing and the Permanent in Religion. 1901. #1.35 wr/; by n.ail . . . 1.50 CanTelepaUiy Explain? 1903 ftjoomt Published by B. P. DUTTON ft CO., New York. Living by the Day. A Book of Selections for Every Day in the Year. 1900 . ^i.oo Published by the AMERICAN UNITARIAN ASSOCIATION. Boston. Men and Women. 1903 $ .8oM«f;by mail. # .90 Out of Nazareth. 1903 1.30 ««/; by mail, 1.33 Pillars of the Temple. 1904 qpntt :\rf mail, .99 THE ANSWER OF JOB. "The whole creation groaneth and travaifeth in pain together vxUliiofw." I i THBSBare the wordsof Paul in his letter to the Romans. I It is indeed a strange scene that Kes before us as we look out over the face of the earth and of human society. It is not at all, I suppose, the kind of worid that any of us would have thought a wise and stmng and good God would have created. It seems to us unreasonable, and it seems cruel.
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PleIAs/common_corpus/00000/61
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"creator": "Savage, Minot J. (Minot Judson), 1841-1918 | Church of the Messiah (New York, N.Y.) | Harry Houdini Collection (Library of Congress)",
"dataset": "PleIAs/common_corpus",
"date": 1896,
"identifier": "messiahpulpit01conggoog_6",
"language": "English",
"language_type": "Spoken",
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"title": "Messiah pulpit",
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PLAIN DEALER FRIDAY, MAY 12, 1916 BY MEAD PUBLISHING CO Official Paper of the City and the County Issued on Friday of Each Week Gov. Meredith Predicted Iowa citizens are becoming acquainted with the splendid qualifications possessed by Hon. E. T. Meredith, governor, not particularly through the medium of the Democratic press but by such representative Republican papers as the Des Moines Register-Leader which seldom has any commendation for anything or anybody on our side of the political fence. We give its cordial tribute below and invite our Republican friends to remember its meritorious words. "The Democratic party is especially fortunate in having its choice for governor acknowledged, irrespective of party, as one who would be a credit to Iowa should he be given the highest place which it is within the power of the voters to bestow. The Register cannot too strongly commend the Democratic leaders of the state on the ticket and on the platform they have presented, and will ratify at the June primaries. Mr. Meredith is one of the most aggressive champions of a bigger and better Iowa, and the men who are to be associated with him are all men of standing. To use Mr. Meredith's own expression the ticket "adds up 100 percent. Mr. Meredith has youth, energy, ambition, ability. He is genial. Everybody will like him and warm up to him. He is looking forward. He will inspire confidence. He will make a memorable campaign. The Register can hardly exaggerate his strong points as a candidate at this time. If the man the Republicans pit against him does not appeal to the best sentiment of the state, if the Republican program is not progressive and aggressive, if there is the least faltering on the great moral issues, if there is the least backward look in the platform, if there is anything to suggest that Republicanism in Iowa is not up to form, and up to the best form, there will be a successor to Horace Boies in the governor's chair, and anybody who does not recognize that fact will be in the way of a great surprise on election day. The present political upset, when the man knows what a day may bring forth, mere political designations are not going to weigh much as against the personal character and known capacity of men. Merely being Republican or Democratic will signify less in November than it has since the Civil War. In particular, it will signify less in the great administrative offices of the state. Mr. Meredith's sagacity is shown in nothing more than in the emphasis he has himself put on the platform on which he is to stand and on the men with whom he is to run. For the character of the men and the policies for which they are to stand will determine enough votes this year to turn the state one way or the other. The Register is not committing itself to Mr. Meredith's candidacy. But we are saying as strongly as we can find words to say it, that Mr. Meredith is the best man the Democrats could name, and we are putting it up to the Republican leaders as strongly as we would and words to put it up, that unless they get together on the most progressive platform they can name, on the most progressive platform they can write, they will not elect Governor Clark's successor." Methodists of the Assurance of United States were in sympathy with President Wilson's efforts to keep the United States from becoming involved in the European War was voiced by Bishop Earl Cranston, of Washington, D.C., who opened the twenty-seventh general conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Saratoga Springs, N.Y., Monday. It would assure the President of the United States, Bishop Cranston said, "that whatever temporary backsliding may happen when a few Methodists here or yonder may fall under the spell of a magnetic political leader, the great body of our people are in full sympathy with all of his patriotic and Christian endeavors to espouse this nation out of the European embroilment." The Times has no patience with the indiscriminate criticism heaped upon President Wilson in the national crisis through which we are now passing, by some that he has been too slow in asserting our right by others that he is pursuing a course that may lead to war with Germany. The outstanding fact remains that we are still at peace and that the President has done every thing possible to avert war. For this, he is to be commissioned and if war must come, it is time for the jingo. President Wilson's endorsement of Wilson's foreign policy, Col. Roosevelt has chosen for especial censure the fact that the government at Washington did not protest against the German invasion of Belgium, and harsh and bitter adjectives have leaped from the Colonel's tongue in his attempt to pillory the administration for its course in that matter," says the Buffalo Times. "It is well to compare Col. Roosevelt's rebukes on this point with his opinions at the time the Belgian question first arose, and it will be..." Found that at that time the Colonel expressed himself in a totally different vein, from that since associated with his utterances on the point. "In a single article in the Outlook for September 22, 1914, Col. Roosevelt said: "A deputation of Belgians has arrived in this country to invoke our assistance in the time of their dreadful need. What action our government can or will take, I know not. It has been announced that no action can be taken that will interfere with our entire neutrality. It is certainly eminently desirable that we should remain entirely neutral, and nothing but urgent need would warrant breaking our neutrality and taking sides one way or the other. "Of course it would be folly to jump into the gulf ourselves to no good purpose and very probably nothing that we could have done would have helped Belgium. We have not the smallest responsibility for what has befallen her, and I am sure the sympathy of this country for the suffering of men, women, and children of Belgium is very real. Nevertheless, this sympathy is compatible with full acknowledgment of the unwisdom of his uttering a single word of official protest unless we are prepared to make that protest effective and only the clearest and most urgent national duty would ever justify us in deviating from our rule of neutrality and non-interference. "Thereby Col. Roosevelt gave a complete endorsement to the policy of President Wilson which Roosevelt afterward so savagely and unjustly censured. Such a flat contradiction tells its own story and it puts on Roosevelt a debt of explanation which he can never discharge." Proposed Resolution of Necessity. Be it resolved, By the City Council of the City of Cresco, Iowa, that it is deemed advisable and necessary to make improvements by paving with 7 inch Portland cement concrete pavement, consisting of a 5 inch foundation and a 2 inch top course, the foundation to be prepared and the pavement to be constructed in accordance with the specifications to be prepared by the City Engineer and approved by the City Council, the following named streets and parts of streets to be laid: Third Avenue East from the West line of Sixth Street East to the West line of Eighth Street East. Also First Avenue West from the west side of Second Street West to east side of Third Street West. The expense of making said improvements to be assessed against all lots and parcels of land abutting thereon and adjacent thereto, and including one half of the privately owned property between the Streets so proposed to be improved and the next street, whether abutting on said street or not, but not to include privately owned property situated more than three hundred feet from the street proposed to be improved hereunder, in accordance with the law governing the same. And the contractor who shall make said improvement shall guarantee that the same will endure without need of repair for 3 years from the date of its acceptance by the city. Be it further resolved, That the City Council will meet at 8 o'clock p.m., on the 14th day of June, 1916, at the Council Room in said city for the purpose of considering objections to said proposed resolution at which meeting said resolution may be amended and passed or passed as proposed and that notice of the tendency of said proposed resolution be published as provided by law. Attest: M. J. MCARTHUR, City Clerk. AnonneeHeat. I hereby announce myself as a candidate on the Republican ticket for the office of County Recorder, subject to the decision of the voters of Howard County at the primary election to be held June 5th, 1916. 33-tf W. B. DAVIS. For Sale. Store building in Cresco. Enquire of WM. F. ALLEN. for band), tin and SALE-Three Violins, and an Eb Picco- use in brass One 3-4 size Vio the Piccolo are brand new and in be& condition, except for a slight "check" in the Pic colo. All will be sold CHEAP. Enquire at this office. PRIZE ESSAY ON BUILDING CO. ROADS. (By Arnold M. Pless) Due to the large increase of automobiles, the necessity of good roads becomes more and more urgent. I do not propose macadamize or paved roads at all, but simply confine myself to the ordinary dirt and gravel roads. Having run an automobile the past summer, I have discovered, more than ever, the poor condition of our country roads also the Useful expenditure of the people's money. My first example will be the turnpike, built a little over two miles west of Cresco. The men and teams were continuously busy, scraping down the small hills and knolls and filling up little valleys and depressions, for nearly a whole summer and unnecessarily moved as much ground on a half or three quarter mile stretch as would have sufficed to fill every hole, culvert and bridge approach, from Cresco to Riceville and thus would have given us, approximately, twenty-two miles of fairly good road, instead of a half or three quarters of a mile. This may seem exaggerated to some, but I think that anyone, who has done very much traveling by auto, will agree with me, that the roads will be good for a quarter or half a mile and then will come a few bumps and holes, and then some more good road and so on ad infinitum. Consequently, if those bad spots were given attention and perfectly cured, the roads would be good, all through. I would urge that ten teams and twenty men or any desirable number be sent in every direction, following up the road, to fill up every chuck hole, every water hole and every deep rut, and, if they keep this up throughout the season, there will be more passable roads on account of the diminishing number of these and of soft spots, these same men might also be charged, with the dragging of the roads, after every rain. In the next place, special attention should be paid to culverts and bridges. Anyone, traveling from Old Town, Lime Springs, to Chester, must be astonished at the splendid culverts, constructed along that road and the condition in which they are left. So far, the road would have been better without them, because, before they were put in, there was one bad hole, and now, with a culvert in, there are two: one on this side and one on the other, causing a jar while crossing them. For two consecutive years, these culverts have been left this way, without properly filled approaches. I would suggest that the dirt for filling be not simply dumped into the hole, but rounded and carefully leveled off, so that the water will have to run away. I have observed places where the dirt was dumped in without leveling and if a person unexpectedly runs against one of these bumps, he is liable to be thrown from the car. I realize that this cannot all be done at once, but I believe, if my plan were followed, it would give us tolerable good roads and greater mileage, at no greater expense, than the system followed heretofore, if system, it may be called. Whenever there are naturally wet and springy spots or where water is standing in the ditches, I would make more extensive use of tile draining. The efficiency of the road to cure spring spots, is proven to all who compare the road between Howard Center Bridge and Long's Farmstead, as it was, before the county put in a string of tile on each side of the road, with what it is now. Every spring, boards or posts had to be stuck into the mire as danger signals, but now that place is as solid, as any between Cresco and Howard Center. What wrought the improvement? Tile did it. It is the water that spoils a dirt road and, if you can keep that out, you have a fair road. It goes without saying, that any road officer, having in his district a bridge or culvert, protruding three inches above the road bed, must be a person of a depraved mind, otherwise he would not subject his fellow citizens to so much ruffling of temper and their cars and tires to so many severe jolts. The bridge or culvert, in the condition just described, is the unpardonable sin in road construction. So much for working the roads to greater advantage: now I want to say a few words about how the money expended for the upkeep of the roads, can do more work than it actually is accomplishing. It is the common complaint, that the expense of surveying and superintending of the work is considerably out of proportion with the sums spent in actual construction. The tendency is, to have too many superintendents, drawing large wages and big mileage without accomplishing results. This tendency may be illustrated by a fact, which was actually observed in a neighboring county. Passers by noticed a man with a team filling up a hole and besides that, two autos and two other men there. On inquiry, it was found out that the two cars belonged to two different road officers, both of whom superintended the work the lone man was doing, drawing, each one, a larger day's wage than the man actually working, besides their mileage. It is self-evident, that in this idle the money was sunk that would have filled four other holes of the same dimensions. Let us, by all means, try to cut down overhead cost, to get more money to put into actual road construction. Another cause of wasting money, is the system, largely followed, of hiring work done by the day, where one frequently assists the other in doing nothing. It is my idea that all road work should be let by contract to the lowest responsible bidder and the same be held to follow the exact specifications. Such a contractor would see to it, that the men and horses would do a full day's work, which again would redound to the benefit of our roads and at the same time stop the sinful waste of material, for which the county paid. Four or five miles from Cresco, a cement bridge was built, costing, maybe, six hundred dollars and when the work was finished there were left five hundred empty cement sacks, to rot in the rains, besides the lumber used in constructing the bridge which floated down the river, a clear waste of sixty dollars or ten percent of the entire cost of the structure. Those sixty dollars might have remedied two of the worst places in the roads of Howard county. If such a waste is not sinful then please tell me what sinful means. We read so much nowadays, in the papers, of German efficiency in Europe can't we have a little more American efficiency and less waste in the department of public highways here in Howard county? Clean Up! All garbage and all litter both in alleys and elsewhere should be cleaned up at once for sanitary purposes and to keep the town as free from flies as possible. E. O. White has charge of the garbage lot southwest of town, and if you have garbage or dead animals to bury see him. A. E. BARKER, Mayor. Ladies Can Wear Shoes One size smaller after using Allen's Foot-Ease, the Antiseptic powder to be shaken into the shoes and used in the foot-bath for hot, tired, swollen, aching, tender feet. It makes tight or new shoes feel easy. Sold everywhere, 25c. Ask for Allen's Foot-Ease. Don't accept any substitute. 36t4 Get your Stock Dip at MARKET STREET DRUG STORE. Stomach Catarrh Is Yery prevalent In this climate catarrh Is a prevalent disease. Catarrh af fects the stomach as often an any other organ. Perhaps every third person is more or less troubled with stomach catarrh. Peruna is extensively used in these cases. TNE MLIMU FAULT. REMEDY tobacco enjoyment f* ."»!• 1 'A' Bmy Priitee Albert every teppyred kmgt. Sc tidy red tarn, 10c ifme dm* with tmpthmt iiiHtdMrMa mmvt JU." as you never thought could be is yours to command quick as you buy some Prince Albert and fire-up a pipe or a home-made cigarette! Prince Albert gives you every tobacco sat isfaction your smoke appetite ever hankered for. That's because it's made by a patented process that cuts out bite and parch! Prince Albert has always been sold without coupons or premiums. We prefer to give quality I y--V the national joy smoke has a flavor as different as it is delightful. You never tasted the like of it! And that isn't strange, either. Men who think they can't smoke a pipe or roll a ciga rette can smoke and will smoke if they use Prince Beautiful, Sanitary? Durable, Washable •—these four words tell why tks MdimUw Timtt" is the ideal finish for the walls of your home. "Mellotone" gives a pure white or choice of many delicate hues as "soft as the rainbow tints." "Mellotone" is not easily injured, does not fade and lasts for years. You can wash it as often as you like. "Mellotone" will lighten and brighten your whole home. Before you decorate, let us tell you of the many practical, pleasing and economical qualities of Mello tone. Color card free upon request. T. Lomas Cresco, Iowa 500 Home Plans FREE Come in today for our big plan book. Show over 300 homes, floor plans, color schemes, exact prices. All sold "direct to you" by Alexander. Built hundreds of safe-time—tinting patterns, and all materials highest quality. Prices lowest. No second-hand lumber. No freight to pay. No money in advance. Buy from ALEXANDER Tobacco Co On the way to this tidy radio, will raise no more than patented tobacco, which will last forever. Albert And smokers who have not yet given P. A. a try out certainly have a big surprise and a lot of enjoyment coming their way as soon as they invest in a supply. Prince Albert tobacco will tell its own story! R. J. REYNOLDS TOBACCO CO.,
|
PleIAs/common_corpus/00000/68
|
{
"__index_level_0__": 19558,
"collection": "US-PD-Newspapers",
"creator": "None",
"dataset": "PleIAs/common_corpus",
"date": 1916,
"identifier": "sn87058075_1916-05-12_1_2_1",
"language": "English",
"language_type": "Spoken",
"license": "Public Domain",
"open_type": "Open Culture",
"title": "None",
"token_count": 4023,
"word_count": 3220
}
|
"PAGE FOUR THE ARIZONA REPUBLICAN. MONDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 11, 1916 THE ARIZONA REPUBLICAN PHOENIX(...TRUNCATED) |
PleIAs/common_corpus/00000/88
| {"__index_level_0__":23866,"collection":"US-PD-Newspapers","creator":"None","dataset":"PleIAs/common(...TRUNCATED) |
"mchls \\ dawbm Mr. Kennedy, yd Koxbury. lias discovered, m one of our common pasturf’ weeds a rem(...TRUNCATED) |
PleIAs/common_corpus/00000/94
| {"__index_level_0__":16496,"collection":"US-PD-Newspapers","creator":"None","dataset":"PleIAs/common(...TRUNCATED) |
"Then there is a by no means insignificant body who will vote for the Bill with the hope that, throu(...TRUNCATED) |
PleIAs/common_corpus/00000/97
| {"__index_level_0__":47107,"collection":"English-PD","creator":"The new monthly magazine and literar(...TRUNCATED) |
"As to Hort’s suggestion on the word κύριος, that the original was ὅτι 6 (λαὸν σώ(...TRUNCATED) |
PleIAs/common_corpus/00000/112
| {"__index_level_0__":20038,"collection":"English-PD","creator":"Nicoll, W. Robertson (William Robert(...TRUNCATED) |
"H£RRINaSHAW\"S LIBRARY OF AMERICAN BIOQRAPHY.\npoem in one voluint- entitled NoB*\n(le«cript, or (...TRUNCATED) |
PleIAs/common_corpus/00000/113
| {"__index_level_0__":40556,"collection":"Wikisource","creator":"Unknown","dataset":"PleIAs/common_co(...TRUNCATED) |
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