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When a movie star signs up for a big budget movie how/when does he/she get paid?
Talent agent here... they get paid multiple times in various ways. There's the lump sum upfront guaranteed money (ie We'll pay you $10M dollars to do this film), royalties (plus 2% of box office sales, TV broadcoasts and DVD sales), and bonuses/incentives (plus another $1M if you do a publicity tour in Europe, with another $500k if we do $25M in box office sales there), plus numerous other ways depending on the particular movie. The timing of how each of those is paid out (1 giant check vs regular payments) is completely negotiable, and varies from deal to deal based on what the actor prefers... some need money asap, some want scheduled payments to make taxes/finances easier to manage. Even who gets to hold the money before it's paid is negotiable (is it put in escrow, or does the studio get to hang onto it?). There's no one answer unfortunately... every last bit varies every single time.
Why is it generally harder to sleep when "trying"?
You're right in saying that overthinking and anxiety interfere with falling asleep. When you "try" to sleep, are you also worrying in the back of your mind that it won't work or that it will be harder to sleep, as you stated? This sounds like anxiety, which could explain why "trying" to sleep keeps you from actually sleeping. In addition, for patients who have a lot of difficulty sleeping, we often find that they have a habit of thinking too much or worrying while lying in bed. This has the effect of associating lying in bed with worrying instead of sleeping, which will interfere with your sleep every time you lie down in bed. The solution to this is to undo those associations. Source: I work with patients with sleep problems as a part of earning my PhD in Clinical Psychology.
Why can't the United Nations overthrow North Korean's dictatorship and rehabilitate the ~25 million people with government funds?
Please remember this is ELI5 and it's a question that deserves good answers, not snide ass remarks.
Why a Catholic priest would find molesting a child somehow less offensive to the church than intercourse with a woman. What exactly is the logic here?
The whole "pedophile priest" thing isn't really about the Catholic faith. It's more to do with the sickest of pedophiles and their ways of attracting young boys. Really sick pedophiles like to get involved with things like churches, little league sports, and the Boy Scouts because it puts them around young boys and makes someone they can trust, and a lot of these people are the last you would expect to do such things. Of course, the Catholic Church is kind of an exception given their covering up of it, but at the core it has nothing to do with Catholicism. In fact, a lot of real Priests actually like the fact that the media has opened up the scandal so that it riles people up about it by putting it in the open, so they can hopefully get rid of the problem.
Why do rings make your skin green?
Rings generally do this because because of a chemical reaction between the metal on the ring, and substances on your hands (oil, acid). The reason it happens with some rings and not others is due to the type of metal the ring is made from/plated in. Silver is very common in rings, and readily oxidizes when it comes into contact with acids on your skin. The products of this oxidation reaction then rub off, and are left behind on your skin, [here](_URL_0_) is a good example of oxidized silver! Copper is the metal that when oxidized, causes a green coloration. In some cities, some buildings have roofs made from copper, [here](_URL_1_) you can see the green oxidized copper, and the brown clear (non-oxidized) patch of copper at the front of the roof. The same thing is happening with your ring, (e.g. the brown colour changing to green) just on a smaller scale! Other metals, like gold, are far more stable and don't oxidize as easily, so they don't leave a mark.
Why is blue such a prominent colour in Italian sports kits when there is no blue on the flag?
As far as I know it was because it was the colour used to represent the royal family and the colour in the coat of arms.
Why does food taste different when sick?
The taste of a lot of foods is influenced to various degrees by smell. So if your nose is clogged from being ill, your food will taste different.
Why can't I curl my pinkie finger (little finger) without curling my ring finger too?
Mostly because you're used to it. If you trained on bending your pinky without bending your ring finger, eventually, you'd be able to do it.
Why do some companies put coupons on their products that give the customer say for example an automatic $2 off? Why not make the price $2 cheaper?
Finding a coupon for a discount makes you feel like you're getting a deal. If the price were simply lower, you wouldn't notice the difference. Consumers are more likely to spend money when they know they are saving money.
When Yellowstone is called a supervolcano, what do they mean?
> What part of Yellowstone is the acutal supervolcano? [Nearly all of it](_URL_1_) Yellowstone is a gigantic caldera. That's when a bubble of magma forms under the surface of the earth. It's too wide to actually form a volcano and instead forms a [peak around the edges](_URL_0_) It's about 1,500 square miles of land. There's no way to tell exactly how accurate the death and doom stories are, but it's a sure thing that it will be a global event and will reshape civilization as we know it.
Why don't bugs bleed red when they explode on my windshield?
Bugs don't have blood. Bugs have hemolymph. Hemolymph serves as both blood and the other fluid that surrounds cells in our bodies. The color difference comes from the molecule that binds to oxygen. Blood contains hemoglobin, an iron-based protein that binds to oxygen. Hemolymph contains hemocyanin, which is copper-based. When we bleed large arthropods like [horseshoe crabs](_URL_0_) we can see that hemocyanin gives the the hemolymph a blue, not a red color. Not as noticeable when you squash bugs because other tissues are mixed in with the hemolymph.
Why doesn't the US update their paper money to a more secure format?
> Since the superdollars were first detected about a decade ago, the regime has been pocketing an estimated $15 million to $25 million a year from them. (Other estimates are much higher — up to several hundred million dollars’ worth.) That sounds like a lot of money, but compared to the $1 trillion in cash circulating in the great ocean of commerce, a few hundred million is chump change. Although costly for small-business owners who unknowingly accept a bunch of forgeries, counterfeits probably won’t bring about a crisis of faith in our paper money anytime soon. This paragraph answers your question.
Why is it that I can hold my breath for like 30-45 seconds in a pool but in the shower I can't last five seconds while washing my face beforebi have to gasp for breath?
This is likely related to something called the [mammalian diving reflex](_URL_0_). When cold water contacts your face, your heart rate immediately slows by 10-25%, and the blood vessels to your extremities begin to close off. This reduces the oxygen being consumed by your body, and leaves more available for your vital organs and brain.
Why do schools adopt a zero-tolerance policy and what do these policies generally dictate?
Zero tolerance policies are there for the convenience of dishing out discipline & avoiding complaints about unequal punishment being dealt out. For example, a zero tolerance policy about fighting means that when you break up a fight, both people are automatically guilty and punished. The teacher doesn't have to figure out what's really going on & can get back to teaching. The school can't get accused to going easy on a popular kid or somebody whose parents are important in the community and having double standards. At least that's the idea behind them. Whether they actually work & improve the learning environment is up to debate. Just remember that you only ever hear about them when something goes horribly wrong & it becomes newsworthy.
How can America spend $600 billion a year on their military, 54% of their federal spending, while other large countries spend a 10th of that?
"How?" Because the US priorities military spending. Why can other spend less, this becomes a somewhat circular question. And it's because the US spends so much. The US vastly subsidizes its allies militaries. Basically the US military is super bad ass, so others don't need to spend as much and can do other things with their money instead. On the US's enemies, it's similarly true-- the US military is so powerful, you can't ever hope to compete, so why bother? Spend that money elsewhere. In the end, essentially the US having an insane military is subsidizing keeping everyone else peaceful and sane and not building giant expensive militaries, that's great for everyone. It's a system that works. Perfect? Oh probably not, but the world is quite damn peaceful for a long time.
If dogs and other animals do not have to brush their teeth daily, why do humans?
Hi, first, animals don't eat candie, they don't drink cofee, don't smoke, ... And they only live a few years while we can live up to 100 years old. Sorry for my english ;)
How are restaurants able to keep soda carbonated and ready to serve?
They don't. Inside the soda machine are containers of syrup and a tank of compressed CO2. The two are mixed together at the time the drink is dispensed. On a small/home scale, you can look at a SodaStream system to see how it works.
What is the Multiverse and why do we think it exists?
In mathematics and physics, you can ask questions with mathematical equations or series of equations and proofs. Generally, without getting too far into it, when quantum physicists specifically address this question, the math sometimes suggests that multiple universe exist. It takes some imagining if you don't understand such advanced mathematics. But generally speaking, equations tell us something about our universe, even simple ones like 1+1=2. These very clever and thorough physicists are trying to tell something bigger than that. And sometimes the math tells us that multiple universes must exist using the logic and math we understand.
Today Earth is closer to the sun than any other time in it's orbit. Why are we not more significantly affected by this?
At its closest the Earth is about 147 million km from the Sun. At the furthest 152 million km from the Sun. That's barely anything.
Why does AIDS keep getting cured like once a week?
There's lots of things that may kill/destroy a virus. The trick is finding something that doesn't also kill/destroy *you*.
If there was nothing, how was there a "Big Bang"?
Lots of theories out there, but the simplest and most correct answer is that no one has a clue what may or may not have existed before the big bang.
How we measure the measurements themselves
First keep in mind that units are arbitrary - they don't have any impact on the results of experiments. Units are just a way to put a number to "that far" or "this long" or "this much." With that being said, units: -The second is defined by to be 1/the frequency of the light emitted by a particular process in cesium-133. -The meter is defined to be the distance that light travels in 1/299,792,458 of a second. -The kilogram is weird, in that it's defined to be the mass of a hunk of stuff called the International Prototype of the Kilogram (IPK). This is actually slightly problematic because the IPK is losing a small amount of mass over time. Units have gone through lots of evolution over time. For example, the second used to be defined in terms of the Earth's orbit. And a long time ago, people used very awkward units like the cubit, which is defined to be the distance between the elbow and the tip of the middle finger. Obviously that's not a very good unit system because it varies from person to person.
Why are American politicans/judges/ect allowed to accept financial contributions (for example campaign donations) in exchange for their support (or the opposite) of issues/laws/judgements? What is the legal justification for this when bribery is illegal?
There can be no *quid pro quo,* per se, attached to a campaign contribution. Otherwise, that would indeed be illegal. (wink, wink). The party line, and they're sticking to it, is that you contribute to support those you feel share your ideology and/or viewpoint in the *hopes* (wink, wink) that he or she will vote or rule accordingly, with no guarantees. However, the pragmatic fact of the matter is, the likelihood of having your personal interests served increase proportionally with the size of your contribution (whether you're a wealthy individual or a multinational corporation).
"No approved therapeutic claims" on ads.
Their claim hasn't been verified in any scientific way. If I gave 10000 people a sugar pill and 1000 of them lost weight I could legally claim that the pill helps with weight loss. It wouldn't make the claim true, and the results might not be repeated in a larger sample population. The disclaimer would keep people from winning lawsuits against me when they don't get the results they hoped for.
Why is the 'highest quality' of audio cables gold plated when silver is a more conductive material?
Gold is more corrosion-resistant. Silver is very quick to tarnish, particularly if people touch it.
How do governments prevent terrorist attacks without violating the privacy of its citizens
They don't. They could, but that would be counterproductive for them.
What changes (if any) occur to the circulatory system when someone becomes an amputee?
At first, your blood pressure would increase, as the heart is working just was hard to push less blood a shorter distance. But your circulatory system has a feedback system that monitors both how much blood is needed, and what pressure it is at. It would eventually recognize the you were getting plenty of blood, and could lower the blood pressure by dilating arteries.
Why do lawyers defend obvious murderers and criminals?
> Why do lawyers defend obvious murderers and criminals? Because you cannot have a fair legal system that is based on "obvious" guilt. Guilt must be *demonstrated* via *evidence*, not assumed via something as subjective as "it's obvious". > Why might a lawyer defend someone where the case is totally against them Because everyone deserves to have someone competent in the law act in their defense. Otherwise, innocent people who *appear* to be guilty but aren't would be screwed. > Why would you want a criminal back on the streets? They're not a criminal until they're actually convicted.
Why aren't clothing sizes universal?
A small part of the problem is "vanity sizing" where retailers will size their clothes slightly larger than others so people feel better about themselves and therefore the clothes. You then tend to get into sizing wars with retailers trying to outsize each other, meaning sizes drift over time. This tends to be worse in women's clothes because they often have non-measurement based sizing. This is only one tiny contribution to the problem.
Civil rights vs Civil liberties
The very easy way to think of it is that Civil Rights refer to the idea of all people having equal treatment, especially being free from discrimination based on factors like race, sex, etc. Civil Liberties are those freedoms protected explicitly by law. First amendment rights, etc. There's some overlap, obviously.
Why is there a scandal in South Korea right now? What happened?
It was discovered that the president of South Korea has been getting advice from a "psychic" claiming to be able to channel the spirit of her dead mother, and that not only has the president been giving federal money to this woman, but that this "psychic" has been behind pretty much every decision they've made while in office. The general public are not pleased with this.
What does "70mm" mean in film, and why are people excited about it?
"70mm" means that the film on which the image was collected and later projected is itself is 70mm wide. Think of older cameras that used 35mm film as a standard, but up this to 70mm and apply it to cinema. The reason 70mm film gets people excited is that the film allows for greater image resolution. Larger format films spread the image over a wider area, which allows for more detail to be collected by the pigments (or silver, for black and white) in the film. This gives a better final image. This is why lots of portrait studios used to use large format cameras since they generally give better images for the same film stock, and smaller size and subsequent "movability" was not necessary. If memory serves, 70mm can give films a really wide aspect ratio without loss of image quality. This allows you to do really epic film-making in a style along the lines of Lawrence of Arabia, Ben-Hur and the like.
Why is the national debt a problem?
Well it's arguable that it isn't a problem, at least not yet. There are different ratios of debt/interest payments to GDP that are considered the point where this is a real problem. We're probably not all that close to it now in the US. We can easily sustain the amount of debt we have now or simply grow our way out of it. Every year we're "paying it off" or at least a part of it even as countries and private individuals/corporations the world over line up to loan us more money.
Why did early pistol and musket designs have such unergonomic looking grips?
Ergonomics as a science hadn't been invented yet, and guns were mostly handcrafted pieces, so each gunsmith was kind of just doing his own thing. Ergonomics also isn't all that important when you have a gun with no sights and you're only expected to fire a couple rounds a minute at most.
How come using better sports equipments isn't considered cheating?
It is considered cheating. There are very strict regulations about what can and cannot be used, and what types of modifications can be made to equipment. So, for example, baseball bats have to be made a certain way. If you make them out of a different material, or make them shaped different, or anything else that would give you an advantage, it's considered cheating.
Why does is Cyanide so toxic if its just Carbon and Nitrogen?
The atoms that make it don't matter in this case. What matters is the shape of the molecule they make together, and how that mixes with other shapes in the human body. Imagine that some molecules are locks, and others are keys. There is one particular lock that is necessary for your cells to produce energy, which you need to survive. When the one molecule that is shaped right fits that lock, it allows the cell to produce energy. Then it comes out, and you can do it again. Cyanide is like a mis-cut key. It fits in the lock, but doesn't produce energy. Worse, it gets stuck, and won't come out. When this happens to enough of the locks, you no longer produce enough energy. That means your muscles stop working, which stops your lungs, heart, etc.
Why do professors continuously write exams with extremely low averages and then curve, rather than write easier exams?
if they set the bar too low, they wouldn't get a representative sample of what the class understands. For example: if you're in calculus class, and the test only has "what is 2+2?" on it, then obviously everyone will pass. Which tells the professor nothing. If, however, there is a wide sampling of problems of varying difficulty, the professor and his staff can accurately gauge where the students are having trouble. Effectively, this is one of those areas where failure is probably more significant than success - having the entire class fail on one chapter tells the professor that he or she maybe didn't do a good job explaining, or the TAs need to spend more time on that area. They wouldn't know this if the tests were so easy that everyone would pass. To say nothing of the fact that people need to be challenged in order to grow.
Why doesn't reddit have an official iPhone app?
We already have lots of apps that work fine, like alien blue etc. Reddit doesn't need to make an official one.
Why people talk to babies/dogs/cute things in a high pitched voice?
Lower pitched noises tend to represent anger and instill fear(Christian Bale as Batman), while higher pitched tones tend to feel happy or nice (Owl City). If you subscribe to evolutionary psychology, generally predatory animals like dogs will have low pitched growls while harmless animals like birds will have higher pitched noises. I'm not sure when or the evolutionary reason why this came to be, but I think that's where it stems from.
Why proteins are shown in scientific papers as bunch of tangled wires and arrows, and not like some kind of chemical element or something similar?
Proteins are molecules, like water, not elements like hydrogen. But instead of having three atoms connected like water , they can have hundreds. They are structured in ways that look all twisted as well.
Rocket "Launch Windows"
> What creates and ends a launch window? Usually it has to do with the orbital motion of their target (such as the ISS), or their desired path through the solar system. If you are launching a probe toward Mars for example you need to get your launch mostly pointing toward Mars. If you wait 12 hours your launch path is now pointing the other way, which obviously isn't a good idea. Usually it doesn't really have anything to do with the weather, although of course the weather can be important. > And what happens if a rocket is launched outside that window? The rocket doesn't go the right way. Imagine you are throwing a baseball back and forth with a friend but you are spinning around in a circle at a constant rate. Can you just throw whenever? Of course not, you need to wait for the right time or you will be throwing randomly away from your friend.
The Kathy Shelton Rape Case
Kathy was brutally raped when she was 12 years old. Hillary Clinton was a lawyer in Arkansas. The defendant in the case asked for a female lawyer, the judge asked Clinton to be the public defender for this lawyer. Clinton reluctantly took the case and fought aggressively for the client and got a one year sentence and not for child rape. Many years later, in an interview Hillary Clinton laughed at some aspects of the case. Years later after hearing about the recording Kathy went public about how she was subjected to psychological reviews, could not bare children was traumatized from the questions by the defendants. Two years later the shield laws were enacted which prevented the kind of questioning of rape victims like Clinton's defense team had done. The controversy is 1) she laughed at the case 2) she or the defense team went overboard in questioning the victim. Source._URL_0_
How do teams of developers work simultaneously on one project without messing each other up?
Cooperation and tools. A Code Management or Code Versioning system allows multiple developers to work on the same source code modules. Primitive ones allow a developer to "lock" a source code file, preventing others from making changes to it until they've finished. More sophisticated ones allow multiple developers to makes changes to modules and then analyze what changed and apply only the changes to the "real" copy. When conflicts arise (for example, developers made two different changes to the same line) the second coder to try to check in is warned about the conflict and needs to correct it before the build will work.
Older PC's used to have a "Turbo" button on them. What did it actually do?
It was there to make the computer slower. The original Intel 8088 CPU had a fixed clock speed of 4.77MHz. Many applications (mainly games) used this for timing. When faster CPUs came out, these games would run too quickly and were unplayable. CPU manufacturers solved this problem by allowing you to revert back to 4.77MHz. However, instead of having a "slow down" button, they labeled the button "turbo" (because it sounds better). Edit: my wording might have been a bit confusing. Enabling "turbo" mode would set the CPU to its proper clock speed, and this was the default setting when you booted the computer. Pressing it would "disable" turbo mode by slowing the CPU to 4.77MHz. This was done instead of labeling the button "slow down" and having it off by default.
Why is the OJ case iconic?
Well, it was a huge deal at the time. The coverage was unprecedented, and in fact it is credited as being the first "reality" TV - from the white bronco chase, throughout the court coverage.
Why pink is treated and named like it is such a distinctive color
It's just a cultural artifact - we have a single word for "light red." Not all languages have words for the same colors. Russian has separate, basic color words for "light blue" and "dark blue" (goluboy and siniy respectively). Hungarian has two different categories of "red" (piros and vörös) that aren't subsets of each other like, say, scarlet is a subset of red in English. Homeric Greek used the same "color" words to describe the sky and bronze, or the sea and wine, or honey and fresh leaves in spring - using color-like descriptions in a way that is different from what we think of it now. The Russian example was even used as the [basis of a study](_URL_0_) to see that our language shapes our perception of these things. People may not qualify pink as "light red" because they simply never *have* thought about it that way.
Why did games from around decade ago have videos that played if you were idle in the menus?
They acted as a screen saver. Old CRT televisions would have an image burned into the screen if it displayed the same thing for a long time ([like this](_URL_0_)). The video just stopped the same image for displaying for too long. These days, image burning isn't really a problem with LED and plasma screens.
Why are computer processors produced in a vinyl size disc form?
The silicon needed for the processors is produced as a huge cylinder, which is then sliced into these thin discs, called wafers. It's cylinder shaped because of a process called [Czolchralski process](_URL_0_).
What is the difference between Chrome & Chromium, and who owns Chromium?
Chrome is a browser created by Google. Chromium is an open source browser based on Chrome. Chrome OS is an operating system made by Google, where the Chrome browser is the primary user interface. It is designed for lightweight devices that are primarily used to access the internet. Chromium OS is an open source version of Chrome. Chromebook as a laptop sold by Google with the Chrome OS preinstalled.
What makes some whiskey/bourbon/scotch "smooth" and others "harsh?" Price is not the answer I'm looking for. There are affordable examples of each that are smooth, and others in the same price range that are harsh. Food science based answers would be the most helpful.
The taste can be influenced well before aging by the shape and height of the destillery and the destillation temperature. Different alcohols have sometimes very slightly different evaporation points and they carry different aromas. With a high destillery you can more easily adjust for a favorable mix since some non-favorable alcohols and aromas fall down again before reaching the cooling spiral. Since English isn't my first language you might want to look at the explanation in r/scotch: _URL_0_
Why do gas prices change daily, but nearly all other consumer products have a fixed price?
Consumer products don't have a fixed price. Rather, they don't have a fixed cost, but retailers usually mark them up high enough that the profit buffer is still there no matter how much the cost fluctuates. There's also the theory of the "menu cost" which holds that retailers incur some cost to actually change their prices, so they prefer to change them as infrequently as possible. Over time, consumer prices do change, usually going up owing to inflation.
Why does the DMV care how much I spend to buy a car from a relative?
Because the DMV is responsible for collecting taxes on the sale of a car from the buyer. Cars are one of those special items that are taxed even when bought used. Your relationship to the seller is irrelevant.
Why does water dry out our hands?
Your skin has a layer of oils which it uses for waterproofing, making it more difficult for water to escape your tissues. However, it's not invincible, so enough washing (particularly with soap, or hot water) can strip this layer. This allows water to escape from your tissues to the air more readily, drying it out, until your body has a chance to replenish the coating.
How does it feel falling through a cloud while skydiving? Is it safe to perform such a feat?
As a pilot, I can advise that as a rule of thumb, clouds have turbulence. Not always bad turbulence, but I feel lik skydiving through them is asking. It some rough bumps. Just a WAG.
Does taking a double dosage of something have the same effect as taking it twice a day? If so or if not, how?
They'll have different effects. When you ingest something, the amount in your blood increases fairly quickly as it gets digested, then begins falling off as your liver/kidneys filter it out. But that filtering is sort of a proportional thing. Like, your liver will remove 15% of whats in your system every hour, say. So 15% in the first hour, 15% of the remaining 85% the second, etc. So when you ingest more often in smaller doses, it means the amount in your system stays in a narrower range. Doubling up once a day means a lot right after you drink it, and almost none by the time you're due for more.
If the hottest man-made temperature ever is 5,500,000,000,000C in the CERN, how come the lab and everything sorrounding it didn't melt down?
Think about the difference between the filament of a light bulb being at about 2550 Celsius vs your entire house being that temperature. Obviously that is the difference between business as usual and your entire house burning, melting, and exploding at the same time. That very high temperature at CERN was in a very small area for a very brief period of time. The total amount of energy was fairly small, just very concentrated at that instant.
How do the citizens from countries like Canada and USA get the connections to join groups like ISIS or even the Peshmerga?
Through social media and "connections" that are met at gatherings, such as mosques. NOTE: This is not to say that all mosques are recruiting grounds for ISIS but it has happen.
Japan's transition from the Empire we fought in WWII to the friendly, efficient, stable (video game/anime factory) they're known for today?
The US also kept intact the Imperial Monarchy. Being vital to the Japanese culture and ethos, the Allies allowed for a constitutional monarchy ( which was arguably in place after the Meiji era anyways). By having a peaceful occupation and rebuilding, along with respecting the Japanese culture, they became our Ally. We increased their economy 3x after WWII. Additionally, their governmental system wasn't much different after post-war Japan. Having given them an economic boost, they went about their way. Also, since Japan is extremely honorific and collectivist, they took it well.
Why is Brazil's crime rate so high, and where did these trends begin?
There is still a massive gap between the rich and poor in Brazil. And when the poor can't get jobs to feed themselves and their families, they turn to crime. It doesn't help that guns are easily available in Brazil as well. Tourists make very easy targets, as many seem to leave their brains at home when they go on holiday to Brazil.
Why is it that 4G internet on my phone feels insanely slow, almost useless sometimes, but years ago, back when 4G and LTE didn't exist, 3G on my Blackberry felt fine?
It's because websites have put more content into their pages. If you tried to use your old 3G again, it would be painfully slow. Even though our computers are getting faster, the actual time taken to run our software is the same across the years. We keep building heavier software.
why do car engines vibrate more when in park?
When your engine runs, it doesn't deliver nice constant power. It's a series of captured explosions delivering sudden bursts of power, followed by a lag until the next burst. This is more noticeable when the engine is running really slowly, since the explosions are further apart. Also, the weight and resistance of the drivetrain helps to smooth out the explosions and make power delivery feel more smooth, but when the transmission is in neutral this extra weight and drag isn't present to help smooth things out. Finally, engines are tuned to run best at a certain RPM, when they are running significantly faster or slower than this RPM, they can run more roughly.
Why did using AM radio for music fall out of favour?
AM sound quality isn't great, but it travels longer distances. FM sounds better, but doesn't travel far. This is probably not an official stance, but I think AM - being sports and news talk primarily - has a smaller audience appeal, so reaching farther audiences is better for them as it expands their potential listener base; FM - being music - has wider audience appeal, but is typically tailored for a particular taste, and what genre makes good money in one market may not make as much money in another market, so it benefits FM stations to have a more concentrated market they can focus on.
As a broke, 24-year-old pizza delivery guy what can we as citizens do to help fight against internet censorship?
Honestly I question whether this belongs in ELI5. There really isn't a way to explain what the problem is without 'bias' or 'blatant speculation'.
What is really happening when you snap mentally?
Define "snap". It can mean a lot of different things. Like snapping from stress where you just can't take it or snapping as in waking up one day and killing 10 people?
Why do free range eggs have harder shells than the "conventional" kind?
Free range chickens have a more varied diet which contains more minerals. Or in short, because they eat bugs.
How it is possible that before 2. world war only men worked and still earned enough for whole family when today we have whole families (mom, dad, child) working and barely survive?
People don't realize that our "quality of life" is significantly better than during that era. Even 20 years ago, we didn't pay for cell phone, internet, cable. Cut that out? That's $200 a month minimum. Even 20-30 years ago, a lot of people had 1 or 2 pairs of shoes. 2 sets of clothes (daily clothes, church clothes). When you grew out of them, your younger sibling or relative go the clothes. Hell naw did you throw them away or give them to good will. Everybody has a computer, tablet, electronics and gets new ones every couple of years. If you lived in a modest apartment, had 3 sets of clothes, no electronics, made your own food - your cost of living would decrease probably by 1/2. Despite people complaining about the inequalities of the rich and the middle/poor, life in a 1st world country is much better.
Why are some people attached to a particular sleeping position?
I would also like to know why I always end up sleeping on my stomach with my arms by my head, even though my arms fall aslep every time I do this. My scumbag sleeping brain never learns...
why is it that fire normally burns orange? Why isn’t it blue, green, or purple?
The color of a flame depends on what is burning and how hot it is. Most flames come from burning carbon based fuel (wood, wax, etc) and these things burn orange/red/yellow. The higher the temperature the whiter the flame. Other chemical substances simply burn different colors than carbon. This has to do with the amount of energy given off as something burns.
Why were futurist so optimistic about the year 2000?
Futurists of the 20th century merely used the year 2000 as a distant, exotic-sounding future year. Their optimism was based on projecting their economic system (capitalism or communism) into the future in order to demonstrate that the troubles of their time are temporary and that perseverance will lead to a greater good. The last time all the digits changed in the Gregorian calendar (999-1000 CE) few people understood Arabic numerals. So 2000 being so tantalizingly close to their time attracted the imagination. Many others felt the world would end either by supernatural force or our own hubris. Making it to/through 2000 was something many saw as an achievement.
What is the advantage of being young when it comes to gymnastics?
Because the rules don't allow them to compete internationally below 16. Younger girls gymnasts can complete more difficult maneuvers than adults, performance peaks at 16 to 18 because 16 is the cut off. It's not bullshit, a large part of women's gymnastics events involves spinning the body (more spins=more difficulty=more points). During puberty, women grow and develop in ways that mean more of their mass is further from their center of gravity. That means the same push by a gymnast results in fewer rotations for an adult than a smaller, less developed teen, so they get a lower difficulty multiplier and a lower score. But here's the words from [Daniela Silivas a Romanian Gymnast](_URL_1_): > You should know that I competed better at the age of 13 than at 17. I felt much better, physical and mentally. And [a gymnastics coach](_URL_0_): > When they're younger -- before they even hit 13 -- they hit their peak, especially top-level gymnasts
How did plants appear on land when all life started in the ocean?
Just as with animals plants grew in shallower and shallower water... then at the edge of the water... then on the land. A gradual 'evolution' from aquatic to terrestrial.
When a singer is performing during a concert and they have an earpiece, what are they listening to?
I'm pretty sure it's their own self singing so they don't mess up on the feedback from the stadium. Like if you ever spoke in an auditorium with speakers there's like a 1 sec delay or even more depending on how large it is. Basically, when you're several words ahead and then you hear back what you just a couple seconds ago and it throws people off.
The proper use of commas. And other grammar that is used in everyday business language.
[Grammar Girl](_URL_2_) is a good resource for learning grammar rules. In a professional setting, you'll probably need to use commas to separate items in a list (I think we'll need to get Janine in Accounting, Kevin in Legal, and TJ in HR involved in this), to join two clauses using and/but/or (I emailed Kevin about the Jones account, but haven't heard back), after a name in a multi-recipient email or IM conversation (TJ, can you look into this issue?), or following an "if" clause (If Janine can get that account up-to-date by Friday, we can move forward with the Jones upgrade). And [Strunk & White](_URL_1_) is generally considered the classic English language style manual. It's a fairly quick read, and has a lot of good advice, particularly about not being too wordy, which is essential in a professional environment. Also, [The Oatmeal](_URL_0_) has a nice comic on semicolon usage.
Why are electronic language translators so bad at their jobs?
The sentence "Go take a run." has some 1200 base meanings without any context. The word "set" has over 400 definitions. How the hell is a computer supposed to figure out exactly which one you mean when you input the words to be translated? On top of this, you've got grammar to consider. In English, we tend to put the subject first, then the verb, then the object. "It is a running dog." In German, they do subject, then object, then verb. "It is a dog running." Unless it has a subordinate clause. Tzozil is verb, then object, then subject. "Running dog is." You can't really expect even the most modern computer translation to be able to handle this at any reasonable level of accuracy. Perhaps in a few decades.
Why does the sun seem to burn hotter in the morning (ca. 10:00) than in the afternoon (ca. 17:00)?
1000 is only 2 hours off of noon. 1700 is 5 hours off if noon. The morning equivalent of 1700 would be 0700.
How is time an illusion
People like to think this, and *deep thinkers* come up with this on their own all the time, but time is actually a part of the universe, that exists with or without people. It is relative, but it definitely exists and has been mathematically proven over and over
Why is that James Bond movie called 'Quantum of Solace?'
It is also a term meaning "extremely small". The idea is that Bond is getting an "extremely small" amount of solace (comfort) by hunting down and killing the people responsible for Vesper's death. Also the bad guy's are called "Quantum" so there is that too.
What is Blu Ray? Why is it significant?
It's essentially the same tech as a cd or a dvd, but it uses a laser which is in the blue spectrum rather than the red spectrum, which means it has a wavelength that is considerably shorter than that of the previous formats and allows you to write the data closer together on the disk, which means you can get far greater data density.
Why do cities in China still have such high pollution when they have so many bike users?
Most Chinese pollution is particulate based. Mainly from the burning of coal (although dust produced from lots of construction work adds to the effect). Chinese emission regulations are actually stricter than in the US from a design perspective however they seem to be much, much more lenient / not enforced when in operation. In the West however pollution is more chemical based such as NOx and SOx from vehicles.
How do giant cruise ships float?
The mass of the volume of water that they displace while sitting in the water, is greater than their mass. So, even though it's an enormous pile of metal, it's still "lighter" than the water it's displacing.
Why we still use electoral votes.
Simply put: because the system exists to avoid allowing someone to win the presidency by sweeping a few large states. By making a 50.1% victory in California worth the same as a 90% victory there, it encourages candidates to campaign nationally, and speak to the issues important even to the smaller states. Because it's a winner-take-all system in every state, more states (and thus more people) become important to both candidates. In our current system if the Democrat and Republican are both polling at about 49% in Colorado, they'll spend a lot of time here. If we had a pure popular vote, they'd never set foot here. The extra 1% of people they could persuade through spending time speaking to important issues to the people who live here wouldn't be worth it. It'd only be worth it to go to the huge population states.
Being caught for piracy.
For direct downloads from a server, they have to either seize the logs of the server, or work with ISPs or other men in the middle to figure out who is downloading what. For bittorrent and similar peer to peer systems, it's pretty trivial. Find a torrent you want to monitor, join the downloaders, log the IPs of the peers. There is dedicated software for this and companies which do this for film studios/distributors, lawyers etc. Once you have the IPs, subpoena the ISPs owning the IPs to reveal who the person at that end is. Then take that person to court. As to how they decide who to go after, no idea. I guess it's a mix of going after the biggest infringers, "setting examples" and doing what's directly profitable (e.g. sue everyone who downloaded a particular movie in a jurisdiction where they are likely to win).
Galaxies that are further away are moving away from us at an increasing rate. The further away we look, the further we go "back in time". Why can't we correlate the statements prove that the observations are evidence of acceleration from the big bang?
I'm confused by what you are asking exactly. The recession of distant galaxies, and that it is faster at greater distance *is* one of, if not the most significant pieces of evidence for the big bang theory.
How would a compete collapse of Russia's economy affect the rest of the world? Which countries would suffer the most?
With my basic understanding of economies and greater knowledge of energy markets, Russia's current troubles won't have too much of an effect on the rest of the world. Most of their money comes from energy exports and with their issues in Ukraine earlier this year, many of their customers (countries) had already turned to other sources. Russia, unless the price of oil goes up soon, will be forced to pull of Ukraine and get the restrictions lifted as they are in a free fall. Putin being who he is, I don't see this happening so I think that Russia will be the country that suffers the most with most other countries feeling a slight effect but not much.
Beastie Boys "No Sleep Till Brooklyn" on TNMT movie commercial? Despite statement that no song will be used for commercials??
Sabotage was in Star Trek (and Star Trek Beyond). I think that films are OK with the Beasties, including commercials for the movies. I think the no commercial clause was actually worded as not used to sell commercial products, like Coke Zero or Tampax. That cheapens the music. Film is another form of art, that they probably respected. To be a part of that, they likely feel honored by.
how are movies that were recorded in a lower definition able to be released in higher definitions?
They were recorded on film, which isn't limited to an amount of pixels- for the most part. Remember that they were broadcast on a huge screen. As long as you can get the original print you can re-release the movie as HD.
Why do some electronics have lights to indicate that they are off?
Electronics don't have lights to indicate they're off. If they are off then by definition there's no power to run the lights. However, some electronics *do* have lights to tell you they're on standby or low power mode. This is important because you need to know whether certain devices are still powered to ensure they can function. For example, your DVR needs to be on standby/low power so it can still boot up to record your shows.
Why does it seem that more men snore than women?
It may just be the case that it's louder (and therefore more noticeable) when men snore because men as a rule have larger lung capacities than women.
How is powerful acid stored without eating away its container?
Highly inert materials are used. Frequently glass or a dense polymer. "powerful acid" simply describes a highly reactive solution that reacts in a certain manner. You simply have to pick a material that resists the particular chemical reaction the solution favors.
If some letters are silent in certain words then why include then at all?
Often just tradition. When they began printing books in English, there weren't many typesetters in England, so they imported Dutch typesetters who often spelled English words in a Dutch way. So that's how we got the 'h' in 'ghost' and 'ghastly.' Other times the silent letter actually serves a purpose. The difference between 'can' and 'cane' is the silent letter 'e.' That 'e' lets the reader know that they should pronounce the 'a' as a long vowel. Edit: [A much more eloquent source](_URL_0_)
Why do historians talk about civilizations being more advanced who had "the concept of zero," and why was that concept so hard to develop?
Creating a "concept of zero" is the first step towards using math for something more complicated than counting cows in a herd, or a weight in gold. Once you are at that point, it's possible to move on to more complicated math, which leads to basic engineering and architecture. Zero is the first mental jump from "numbers are good for counting things," to "we can use numbers to build things so that they won't fall down!"
Why did older CRT monitors for computers typically work in a black background with green text?
[Green P1 phosphors ](_URL_0_) had long persistence (decay time). Amber P3 was medium persistence. White P4 was faster. Longer persistence meant your video could be at a lower frame rate without flicker. Nobody was watching videos or playing fast games, so it didn't really matter.
Google made 3bn USD profit, but wall street is not happy, eli5 me why??
Because they expected more. Like you're 5: imagine I promise you 20 sweets next week. But when next week comes around, I only have 15 sweets to give you. You wouldn't be happy, right? But that doesn't fully explain it. Imagine I promise you 20 sweets next week if you give me your pocket money. But Johnny's dad says that if you give *him* your pocket money, you can have 18 sweets next week. Of course you give your pocket money to me. But now, when I give you only 15 sweets, you're *really* mad, because if you'd known that you'd only get 15 sweets from me, you'd have given your money to Johnny's dad and not to me!
Difference between 'fiscal' and 'financial'
To put it in simple terms fiscal just has to do with government spending & revenue. You may hear or read the term 'fiscally conservative' which is the view on how the government should spend their money, which generally means reducing the government spending and basically reducing the national debt. Fiscal conservatives believe in limited government spending, free market, & less min. wage. To be fiscally liberal is the belief that government intervention is the best way to bring economic equality & stability, & to be in favor of a progressive income tax to just name a few. You should definitely watch gubernatorial or presidential debates between Democrats & Republicans and you should observe on their economic & social policies they believe in. 'Financial' is more of a broad term that can be applied to a single person or a corporation. "He is financially responsible". "Sony is financially a stronger corporation"
What are sister cities? Do they actually have any relationship benefits or is it just a gimmick?
People in city government get to take free tourist trips to other places to "foster communication" and "gather ideas".
Why do busses not have enough seatbelts?
Busses have a very large mass compared to anything they hit. In almost every collision a bus is involved in, it does not decelerate quickly enough to do serious harm to the passengers. Large mass means a lot of momentum and most things that get hit by busses just move out of the way.
Data limits. Why were pioneer plans offering unlimited data and now we're seeing caps on not only cell service, but even at-home ISPs?
ISPs can no longer increase revenue by adding subscribers. Nearly everyone that wants and can afford broadband already has it. This leaves them looking for new revenue streams. It is also a way to limit cord cutting.
The Difference Between Different Programming Languages
Different languages are designed to best do different things. Asking if one is better than another is like asking if a metal hammer or rubber mallet is better, and asking why so many exist is like asking why there isn't only one tool that hits things.
If I pour one cup (~600) of bees into the dryer and run it (without heat) for a couple minutes, could they just fly around in the middle without issue?
There's only one way to find out. Be sure to take a video, you're going to need it for the TIFU.
Why do episodes of TV shows air months apart in different countries even though they still air in the same language?
I'm pretty sure this has to do with licensing & intellectual property laws and getting them sorted out globally.