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Why does e^pi*i + 1 = 0?
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Probably can't explain at an ELI5 level, but here's the gist of it: e^angle*i is a rotation of a point in the complex plane (just pretend it's typical "x is horizontal y is vertal" for the moment) angle=0 degrees means the point (1,0). angle =90 degrees means the point (0,1) angle=180 degrees means the point (-1,0). *Pay attention to this one* angle=270 degrees means (0,-1) angle=360 degrees means (1,0). You're back where you started. Here's the deal. In the complex plane, x means "real numbers", y means "imaginary numbers". so for example (2,7) would mean 2+7i. So (1,0) means 1+0i (or just 1)....(0,-1) means 0+-i (or just -i) and so on. What is 180 degrees in terms of radians? Well, it's just pi. So e^ pi * i = e^ 180 x i = (-1,0) = -1+0i (or just -1). So now you have e ^ pi * i =-1. Add 1 to both sides of the equation, I'll leave that as an exercise for the reader.
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Why does color affect heat absorption?
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It's not color that affect heat absorption. It's the physical propriety of material that absorb different wavelenght of light. So if a material absord all visible wavelength of light it will appear black because it doesn't reflect back light into our eyes. Alternatively, something white is made of something that reflect all the visible light back so we see the color white. Something that absorb more wavelength will absorb more energy from that light, which will become heat.
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if a teenager can be charged with child pornography for having pictures of themselves, why can't they be charged with sexual assault when they masturbate?
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Because they've given consent to it as a sexual act. However, if they somehow did it against their own will, then they could potentially sue themselves. Even under the age of consent, they are doing it to themselves. Plus, the only people who could sue in the name of their kid would be the parents. But again, the kid is the one doing it to themselves. Child pornography is illegal no matter if you give consent to someone or yourself, or not.
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How do they get pure oxygen into oxygen bottles?
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Do you mean tanks of compressed oxygen? There's a few different methods, depending on the purity of gas required. A common method is cryogenic distillation. Basically you make ambient air so cold that it liquifies, then raise the temperature of that liquid just to the boiling point of oxygen. The oxygen gas will boil off (evaporate) from the rest of the liquified gasses (CO2, nitrogen, argon) and you can capture and compress it to produce pure oxygen.
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Why do men and women have separate restrooms?
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It is for comfortability. Many people feel uncomfortable with members of the opposite sex around while they are doing their business. It is that simple.
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When I'm sitting on my couch and my phone signal switches from 4G to 3G or drops from 5 bars to just 1, what is happening to cause it?
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A sort of related issue I've wondered about to follow. If anyone can eli5, thank you. ELI5: Why is it that when I'm connected to wifi on my phone, it'll randomly disconnect to make me connect to 4g,3G,let, or some other communication classification? My personal conspiracy theory is that it's planned to trick me into using up my data.
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How do fuel cells in the Voyager 1 & 2 last for 80+ years, yet the fuel in my car won't last a week?
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They use these: _URL_0_ They're great if you need a power source that lasts for years and years and years and you only need to power a radio, a computer and a few other gadgets on a satellite, but they're not great when you need lots of power to drive a car with.
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Considering that the Earth's atmosphere is more than 75% nitrogen, how do our lungs only breathe in oxygen without accidentally breathing in any of the other atmospheric gases?
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We breathe in all atmospheric gases, and they all get absorbed into our blood. But oxygen is the only one that our bodies actually use for anything.
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why is consumption of meat bad for our climate/environment?
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The transfer of energy between trophic levels is only about 10% efficient, so we could save tremendous amounts of energy, land, water, time, etc. by eating plants instead of feeding plants to animals just to eat the animals.
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Random flashes of light when my eyes are closed at night after going to bed.
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You might want to get that checked out with an Opthalmologist. Seeing bright flashes of light inside your eyes is usually due to the retinal cells getting stimulated by movement or traction. Not keen on scare mongering, but in rare situations it can be a precursor to retinal detachment.
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Why are keyboards organized in a QWERTY format instead of alphabetically?
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Because of typerwriters. Back in the old days, the physical keys of the typewriter's keyboard were connected by steel prongs or wires to their corresponding letter-striker...thingie. Anyways, if you typed too quickly, neighboring keys had a tendency to get tangled up with each other. Thus the QWERTY design was made to try and separate the more commonly used letters to avoid this problem. Since typing is a learned skill, its too ingrained in the general populace to try and change it on a wide-scale.
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Why are martial arts practitioners taught to say "hi-ya!" or a similar phrase with every strike?
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There are a lot of mystical/spiritual reasons for it, but mechanically speaking, it teaches breath control in an easy-to-remember way.
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Has Hacking Proven Password Encryption A Failure?
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If someone wants the data badly enough, they will get it; however, that doesn't make it pointless to make it as difficult and as inefficient as possible to get it. Unless this is a very deliberate and targeted attack, people aren't going to waste time on anything but low-hanging fruit. Just like how you lock your doors to your house. It's not going to keep someone really dedicated from getting in, but it'll stop the random opportunist from just walking in and taking your stuff.
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How does the fridge stop your food from going bad?
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Food going bad is a result of microorganisms. Most of them grow better in warm temperatures; a fridge cooling the food slows down their reproduction rate so the food will be edible longer.
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how liquid gets into your bladder, and why it seems faster when you're drinking beer
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When you drink something, the liquid is absorbed by various parts of your digestive tract, primarily in the intestines. It then enters your blood. Excess water is removed from the blood with the Kidneys, which also remove other bad stuff at the same time. All this stuff they remove from your blood ends up in the bladder. Alcohol is a diuretic; It reduces the release of [a hormone](_URL_0_) your body uses to regulate how much water there is in your blood. This makes your Kidneys think you have more water in your blood than you actually do, so they try to remove more of it.
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Why can't I remember being a baby?
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Cognitive psychology student here: To put it simply, you don't have the mechanisms that allow you to store and recall memories until you're around 3 1/2 years. Until that, you have what's called childhood amnesia. From that moment on, when you're 7-10 years old, you go through a period that's called reminiscence bump, when the majority of your childhood memories begin to form and stay with you all your life. However, in extreme cases (e.g, birth of a brother, death of a grandparent) it has been proved that children under three years old can create and store that kind of autobiographic memory. I don't know how much of this is suitable for a five year old, but i think you can understand. Cheers!
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What exactly are hashtags and how do they work?
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Well, if reddit worked like twitter, and I wrote **"#PutinFartsOnABear,"** then the hashtagged word would act like a link, showing you all the other submissions that include that hashtag. It also helps track and catalog what people's tweets or facebook posts are about, and so you can see if a topic is "trending" greatly or not.
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What is the "Faerie" lifestyle?
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Bro... from one man to another, bail. You're heading down a rabbit hole you don't want to go down. To answer your question, your friend is what is known as an "otherkin". Popular among Tumblr users, it's a term used to describe people who really truly believe they are not human, at least on the inside. Most people use it for animals, but really anything goes. Snowflake syndrome, that's all it really is.
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The power of a Filibuster in the U.S. senate
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You ever have a long day at work and just stop giving a shit about anything? Imagine having one of those days, except 2,000 miles away from your family, haven't had sex in 3 weeks, and the only thing you have to look forward to is some nasty Hungryman frozen dinner, a fifth of jack daniels, and jerking off to some juicy porn you downloaded before you left for work that morning. The only thing keeping you from this small amount of pleasure you'll get out of your day is some asshat keeps fillibustering a bill you hardly give a shit about. Your choices are to ride it out and stick with your original vote and having to stay at work for perhaps hours, or change your mind, go with what this jagov wants, and get home to your porn and whiskey. Which do you choose? That, my friend, is how a fillibuster works.
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The "gravitational slingshot" effect or maneuver.
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Although it's not very safe, sometimes a person riding on a bike will reach out and grab onto the side of a moving car, and let the car pull their bike up to a faster speed. The gravitational slingshot can work similarly, except instead of the spaceship holding onto the planet with a hand or other physical connection, it lets the planet's gravity "grab" it and pull it along for a while.
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Why haven't we agreed on a standard shoe size measurement (and other clothing articles) for the whole world when we have the Metric or Imperial system of measurement?
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The main reason is switching cost. This doesn’t necessarily need to be monetary, though that can certainly be a factor. People are set in there ways and are resistant to changing a system they are familiar with. This is why people on iPhones don’t like switching to Android, and vice versa. That being said, there are some shoes/boots that do have a (mostly) universal sizing system. Ski boots! They have an identical system across the board because they need to fit into bindings a certain way, and if ski techs had to memorize a thousand different systems, people would be breaking legs all up and down the mountain(more so than they currently do).
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How do LiDAR sensors work? Wouldn't they just be overwhelmed by all the natural light?
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They use very bright IR lasers, which you can't see because they're outside the visible spectrum. The LIDAR can easily see the spot from its laser - it's no different than using a [bright laser pointer](_URL_1_). Combine that with an extremely [aggressive filter](_URL_0_) on the lens and it's not much of a problem. Edit: there are other tricks you can do as well. For example, you can gate the sensor, such that only returns in a certain window are accepted (get back too early or too late and the return is rejected as spurious). Or you could code the laser pulses, so only returns which match the signature of the laser pulses are accepted. Either way, visibility isn't much of an issue.
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Why are no countries boycotting the 2022 FIFA World Cup despite the corruption and even though people were exploited and died building the stadiums?
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Because everyone still loves the World Cup. Also, this: > people were exploited and died building the stadiums? is false. People *are still being exploited and dying*, because the stadiums won't be complete for another six years. The death toll of the 2022 World Cup is expected to top 500,000 Qatar slaves.
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Why is it some learn faster than others by reading?
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some people take in things better when they read, others when they hear it, yet others when they participate in it actively somehow. it's different for everyone. most people are a combination of all of the above. interest in the subject makes a big difference as well.
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Why has The Avengers movie been released in several major countries before its release in the United States?
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So far as I know, it's to reduce piracy. Countries like NZ often have to wait to see movies months after they screen in the US and this provides a window for piracy that can't be closed by lawyers. If they release movies in non-US countries first then they only have to worry about piracy in the US and that's a scenario in which their lawyers are actually useful.
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What is a Physician Assistant (PA) compared to a doctor or nurse?
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A PA, or a Nurse-Practitioner (similar concept) is somewhere between a nurse and a doctor in terms of training and education. For a lot of the things you typically go see a doctor for - strep throat, cold/flu, ear/sinus infection, pink eye, bronchitis, etc - you really don't need someone with 10 years of medical training to diagnose and treat. It's more efficient and cost-effective to use someone with less training do deal with these "entry-level" type problems, while the doctor can focus on more specialized or complex cases. In many states PA/NP can only practice under the supervision of a physician. Laws may also limit what types of treatment they can perform and what medications they can prescribe.
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When we have those dreams that we're falling, why does it feel like we actually fall into the bed?
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It's because when you're muscles are relaxed, sometimes the brain messes up and thinks that relaxed muscles mean you're falling instead of resting
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The Wagon-wheel effect.
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Note that it is far more common in movies because of how cameras work, and certain kinds of lights also contribute if they have a flickering frequency.
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Why did Ted Cruz ask those students to text "Constitution" to 33733?
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It's a way for his campaign to identify potential supporters. Presumably people who text back are those who are both interested in politics and potential supporters of his. It's good to identify and engage with those people early. They are more likely to vote, more likely to donate money, and more likely to get others involved.
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Once and for all, is The Pirate Bay legal, and if it isn't how does it remain online?
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There is no global law covering The Pirate Bay and similar sites. Even if, for example, it's illegal in the USA, it might be legal in Sweden. If there is even a single country where it is legal, it can be hosted in and operated from said country, and then there is no mechanism to take it offline entirely. As for whether it's legal in any *given* country, legal opinions differ. Because it doesn't actually *host* any copyrighted content (.torrent files are effectively links to links (that is, indirect links) to content, not the content itself - and TPB doesn't even host *those* any more, just Magnet links, which are *links* to links to links to content), it's difficult to prove that its operators are breaking copyright law. On the other hand, it is clear that copyright law *is being broken by __someone__*, and torrent-search sites are facilitating this, so the question becomes one of finding a basis for applying legal culpability to the website's owners, operators, and/or Internet service providers.
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What's currently happening on Brazil?
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So basically the Government is subsidizing things that the poor people can buy. So they sell oil, water, and food way below market price to these people to keep them afloat. They can afford this by basically "stealing" other people's assets. The government forcibly took control of the largest oil company in Brazil, Pretobas. Since the price of oil has gone down so much, the government can no longer afford to subsidize those items for poorer people to buy. The top 1% was pissed off the whole time because their assets were being "stolen", it's just that now the bottom 50% is pissed off as well because they can't get their goods for a cheap price. Kind of an add-on: The president basically said that she would keep subsidizing goods as long as people keep electing her. Now since they don't have the money to subsidize the goods, people are pissed off.
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- Why when people sneeze it’s out of their mouth, but your body is trying to get something out of your nose?
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I've wondered about that too. I think it has something to do with your nasal passages not being able to handle such a big blast of air, so most of it has to come from our mouths. Maybe sneezes aren't meant to get something out of our nose as much as they're meant to protect the more vital parts of our respiratory system, and our noses serve as a warning that bad things are in the air. But it does help your nose, because it makes the tickle go away.
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- Could we only eat exactly what our bodies need, and never poop?
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> Poop is just waste, right? Wrong. Or at least, poop is not just undigested food. Feces contain various other biological waste products that we can't stop producing. Things like bile, and broken-down, dead red blood cells. Plus, roughly 40% of feces consist of dead bacteria: You have **tons** of bacteria living in your intestines, helping you extract nutrients from food. As those bacteria die, they get expelled.
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Reddit has made Bernie Sanders look like the perfect candidate. Can someone explain some of his generally negative views?
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He is anti-science.. He moved to ban substances in plastic containers that were safe and the replacements are less safe. He is also a GMO scare monger looking to confuse the public into believing GMOs are unsafe. Additionally, he has sponsored a bill to treat veterans with "alternate" medicine rather than scientifically proven healthcare. His economic views can also be considered dangerous if you are someone who cares about debt and fiscal responsibility.
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How can massive contributions to a political campaign affect the outcome of an election even when an opponent holds the majority of voters?
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Logically it can't if those voters have already voted or if they're totally decided, but a good proportion of the electorate is undecided or on the fence. Who they vote for can often come down to who puts out the best image and which candidate does a better job of "reaching" them.
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How do scuba divers ascend/descend?
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They wear a device called a BC (for buoyancy control). Usually it is a sort of vest with an inflatable bladder inside. Air from the tanks is redirected to the bladder to make the diver more buoyant, and released to make them less. Divers also typically wear weights to ensure they can sink if necessary, and that be released in an emergency.
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When markets crash, where does all the money go?
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It was never there to begin with. Say Jon has 50 shares in Company inc.. On the market, these 50 shares are worth $500, because lots of people want to pay $10 for a share in Company inc. But Jon doesn't have $500. Jon has 50 shares. Suddenly, news breaks that the CEO of Company inc. makes all of her major business decisions by rolling a set of dice. People worry that this will eventually drive Company inc. into the ground, and so people don't want to pay as much for a share in Company inc. Jon still has 50 shares. But now Jon's shares are only worth $2 each. Multiple this scenario by a few hundred million and you have a stock market crash.
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Can someone explain to me what's the issue with Obama and drone strikes? And why what he said in Prague about nuclear weapons is so frowned upon?
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I don't know much about the topic, but one of the issues with drone strikes is that how we classify the victims of the strikes is woefully inadequate and misleading: _URL_3_ _URL_2_ _URL_1_ Essentially, Obama changed the definition of "militant" in drone strikes to be incredibly wide to the point where if you or I were there, we would be classified as one. Leaked documents have shown that as many as 90% of the deaths in drone strikes are unintentional, innocent people: _URL_0_
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Why certain factions of Israel's leadership believe that settlements are necessary for Israeli safety.
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If you stand in parts of the settlements, known as Judea & Samaria, you can look over Israel completely and see the sea. If the Israelis don't have access to the settlements, then their enemies could easily fire down on the Israeli population. So it's a security issue for many.
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What is the difference between an irrational number and a transcendental number?
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All transcendental numbers are irrational, but not the other way around. Irrational numbers are simply numbers that cannot be represented as ratios of two integers. Transcendental numbers are numbers which are not algebraic. All rational numbers are algebraic, but also many irrational numbers are algebraic. Algebraic numbers are such that they're a solution to some polynomial equations with integer coefficients. Polynomials on the other hand are like 2 + 5x + 2x^3 = 0. Basically, you have x to some power(a positive integer), multiplied by some coefficient, some number of times, which then equals 0. Like, square root of 2 is algebraic, it's a solution to x^2 - 2 = 0. Transcendental numbers form the vast majority of the real numbers.
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Why does it burn if you burp through your nose after drinking something carbonated?
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They contain small amounts of carbonic acid and there will be some of this left in the gas that you release. Your nose is far more sensitive to such things than your mouth is, so you feel the acid burning more than your mouth. You can test this with a green chili. Place one on your tongue and place one up your nose and see which one is worse.
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How is the TV rating calculated?
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They don't. They use sampling of a select few and project that out to the whole population. They will often use [Nielsen Ratings](_URL_0_) which will connect a device to a television to record their viewing habits.
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If a US soldier dies in another country and he is a donor, will his/her organs be donated or discarded?
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Yes, if viable the persons organs can/are be donated. However I did some googling and I found that it's pretty unlikely the organs can reach the patient in time. The heart is viable for 4-6 hours if kept on ice, with the liver ideally no longer than 12 but viable for up to 16 hours. The organs would never make it back to the states I checked the non-stop flight time itself from Saudi Arabia to New York being 12 hours. Medical bases in Europe would be a viable option.
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Why is it bad that Rachel Dolezal identifies as black even though she's apparently white?
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Offense is something that is determined by other people. She may not have intended to offend anyone, but that's not her choice to make. It's all about whether other people are offended. Now, she can choose not to care that other people are offended (no one has the civil right to be not-offended). Basically, it's bad if you (or others) think it's bad.
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Why do countries like China, Japan, and Korea test so much higher than the U.S. in math, science, and reading. Having recognized this, why doesn't the U.S. implement similar teaching styles?
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It is more down to the parents valuing education especially in mathematics and sciences than to a difference in teaching methods, though valuing teachers as a resource is less regarded in the USA than Asia.
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The difference in natural sugar you find in fruit and refined sugar?
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There is no chemical difference. When you eat fruit, you're eating sugar embedded in a plant, and so you digest it more slowly (good), and you take in all the other stuff in the plant (fiber, protein, interesting chemicals from the plant like estrogens). There's a lot of evidence that eating fruit is good for you. Eating only or primarily fruit will usually make you sick (diarrhea, etc) because you get too much sugar and fiber-- but that's not something that usually happens because you'll probably get tired of eating fruit before you get there. On the other hand, people don't get tired of eating sugar before it makes them very sick, including diabetes.
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Why do our pets like being stroked and cuddled?
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Probably because they're covered in hair, you know how your ball hair itches sometimes and it feels good to scratch it? Times that by 1000. They're basically big walking ballbags.
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how every lock and key in the world is made to be unique with no duplicates
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They aren't, there are lots of duplicates out there Schlage house locks are very common, their keys come with a 5 or 6 digit code on them. Best case that gives you a million key combos. Not nearly enough to make every lock unique, but plenty to make it unlikely a random person has the same key as you Security is designed to make access more difficult so people don't try, it is never perfect and always accepts certain weak points that are too expensive to fix
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What happens if the CA drought continues and we run out of water?
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In the event that the drought continues, water will be re-prioritized for human consumption (as opposed to agriculture, which is the vast majority of water usage at the moment) [Irrigation of Agricultural Crops - Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources](_URL_1_). If the drought further continues and water storage runs dry, it is likely that a state of emergency will be declared and FEMA and the Federal government will start trucking water from elsewhere in the US to supply population centers. It is likely that, at this point, desalinization will become further adopted by the state. [A new plant has been constructed near San Diego](_URL_0_) and is likely going to be the start of a trend in the state.
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How can someone wake up from a brain injury and suddenly be able to speak a foreign language?
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When this has been reported, what is often glossed over is the fact that these people could always speak the language. The brain learns and stores your first language differently to your subsequent languages. So it's possible for the first language to be lost or suppressed independently of other languages by certain brain traumas. When this happens the first language will usually eventually return. "Woman wakes from coma speaking French" is much more dramatic than "Woman who could already speak both English and French wakes from coma having difficulty with English but French is ok but the English comes back in a day or two." Believe nothing you read in the Huffington Post.
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It has been said that America's debt to other countries has its pros and cons. Obviously it's bad because we owe over $18 trillion, but why could this debt benefit them?
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You owe 6.1 trillion to other countries not 18 trillion. Most of your debt is internal 60 - 70% of it.
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ETMLI5 why churches/religious buildings in the United States get property tax exemptions?
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religious institutions are not-for-profit 501c(3) institutions, just like the YMCA or Duck's Unlimited or other non-profits. a nonprofit's income and profit (often through donations, although they can still charge their members) is legally supposed to go toward the betterment of the organization's mission or the general benefit of the community. the profit can't go for bonuses for employees or board members. and this is exactly what churches do. you don't have to donate to them if you don't want to. sure, a person like Joel Osteen makes a huge salary from his church, and that's because he's able to raise a heck of a lot of money. a nonprofit is different than a regular for-profit business, because if a for-profit business does well, some of that profit goes to board members or other stakeholders (increase in share price).
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If you held a pair of prescription glasses in front of a camera and recorded something, how would it appear when playing it back? Would some people see it blurry and others see it clear?
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No, because the camera sensor becomes the "eye", and the lens is the optic in front of it. If you put another optic in front of it, you're only changing the light hitting the sensor. You cannot change the optics in front of the eyes of the person watching the screen. Take a quick look at what [circles of confusion](_URL_0_) are. It should become clear how this would only affect the camera's image sensor.
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what were the negative social and economic consequences of bigamy/polygamy, that gradually resulted in its criminalization, in most countries ?
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You can look at it from both directions. In one direction, polygamy is a response to a shortage of men. Normally, this shortage is due to consuming those men in wars and violent criminal enterprises. So extremely violent societies are more likely to favor polygamy. In the other direction, polygamy causes (or perpetuates) the violence by a small cadre of men monopolizing access to women and leaving the majority of men without such access. In terms of becoming criminalized, it's easiest to see looking backwards. The societies which thrived over time were those that adopted the most effective cultural patterns (given the conditions they faced at the time). While the most elite men in all societies have always enjoyed a broad availability of sexual partners, societies where these elites were very small and the prevailing pattern was monogamy ended up being far more stable and prosperous because they weren't being forced to engage in endless external violence to forestall endless internal violence.
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Why do people want Obama impeached over the Benghazi attack?
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The accusation is that Obama used Susan Rice to cover up that there was a terrorist involvement in the Benghazi attack. After the attack Susan Rice's position was that the attack was due to the movie The Innocence of Muslims. Because Susan Rice was stating this and she works for President Obama, Republicans are saying that it was ultimately his fault and because Petraeus later said that he had told the President that it was a terrorist attack. They are also angry because those under attack at the embassy asked for military help and were denied that help. Because President Obama is the Commander in Chief they are also laying the blame of that upon his shoulders. Also a lot of people think that this is just a huge dog and pony show to destabilize Hillary Clinton's bid for President in 2016, which it most likely is. Regardless, it's pretty hard to impeach a United States President especially one with a significantly higher approval rating than his congressional counterparts.
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After the apocalypse, how would I start a currency for my newly created society of 50 people?
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Something everyone needs, so perhaps bullets, or rations. Examples would be The Last of Us and FTL: Faster Than Light. Both these games, one being post-apocalyptic, the other a space exploration thingy feature trading using ration cards and "scrap" (used to mend ships and buy upgrades) respectively. Both of which have a face value that is of a wordly use, having a purpose that isn't economic.
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Why can you only use a #2 pencil on a scantron sheet?
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It's not really an issue of whether it works, but of who is responsible in the event that it doesn't work. They aren't going to test their machine with every possible type of pencil. Even if they tested it with a variety, *someone* would find *some* pencil that doesn't scan right. So instead, they test it with the most common type of pencil, and if you use something else and your answers aren't scored right, it's your own fault.
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Why are there no sentient plant-based species? Why is base intelligence so abundant and diverse in animals, but non-existent in the plant kingdom?
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> Is there something inherent to “plant cells” that prohibits that possibility? It is more something inherent to plant biology that prohibits the possibility, and is related to the lack of nerves within plants. Brains require *a lot* of energy! The human brain consumes about 20% of the total energy used by the human body, which is immense considering it is only about 2% of the total weight. A plant sitting out in the sun just isn't going to soak up enough energy through photosynthesis to maintain a significant brain. Add on to that problem that the energy extracted isn't enough to run all the other things required to act on such thinking; the plant can't beat a heart to establish a robust circulatory system, or a respiratory system capable of supporting muscle cells which they also generally lack. Without all of those things a nervous system is fairly useless (what would it control?) and the result is that even if they somehow had a free brain it would be pointless!
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aliasing and antialiasing in computer graphics.
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Game's graphics sometimes appear to be "pointy" or not curved enough due to the way the objects are built - using a grid of dots/ geometrical shapes and covering them with a skin/texture. antialiasing process adds "new dots" to the object in order to smooth its appearance.
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Venomous means harm is done with injection. Poisonous means harm is done when ingested... But is venom poisonous, and is poison venomous? Like, will eating a venomous critter poison you?
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It depends. Some venoms are only harmful if they enter the blood stream so eating them is fine. Most poisons are plenty harmful if injected into the blood though.
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how does a traffic start on a highway?
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Let's say that a road is full of cars going the same speed. Something happens that causes a group of cars to slow down. All of the cars behind them have to slow down, the cars behind that set of cars, and so on. Long after the original cars have sped up and gone, cars far away are still having to slow down due to that one original problem.
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How would "true" Communism work?
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As in the ideal? There wouldn't be a concept of ownership. Everything would in some way belong to everybody. In return, everybody would work hard at their jobs, secure in the knowledge that everyone else is doing the same. Basically, everyone would put in equal effort into society and get equally rewarded. This obviously does not in any way work in real life.
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Why do so many fast food drive thrus have 2 windows, but always have you pull to the second window?
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The reason for this is that if they get very busy, they can have you pay at the first window and receive you food at the second. However if they do not feel they are busy enough to merit the extra worker, they will only have 1 window open. I believe they typically use the 2nd because it is closer to the kitchen and front end of the store. This allows for easier change of order or so the line looks shorter.
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Imagine a room with mirrors as walls. There is a light source that produces light for a short period of time in it, then the light source stops. Will the room stay bright because the light will bounce of the mirrors for ever?
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Ignoring the conundrum of trapping it, which would be impossible, the light would both lose energy with every bounce and be absorbed by the mirror. Mirror's actually have a naturally green tint that absorbs light, which can be viewed when having mirrors facing parallel to each other - the further down the reflection you go, the greener the reflection becomes. TL;DR no.
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How misted water and sunlight make a rainbow?
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Here's a pretty simple phenomenon to explain. Sunlight, is composed of many different wavelengths of light sandwiched together. Some of this light isn't even visible to human eyes, however those colors which we can see are part of the visible spectrum: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet and all of the colors in between. When light enters a new material at an angle it bends. Think of it like a lawnmower going from the sidewalk to the grass. As the first wheel touches the grass that side of the lawnmower is slowed down causing it to turn. When light enters water it can still move through it, but at a slower speed, so it bends, and this bending is known as refraction. Here's where all of this works together, because red light travels through water at a different speed than violet light, they get bent in different amounts. This creates a rainbow. Edit: [This](_URL_0_) image should also show why you can only see a rainbow when the sun is behind you.
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If I set my portable A/C to 20°C when the room temperature is 10°C why/why won't the A/C heat the room?
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If you want to use the AC to heat a room, you need to reverse the outputs: The radiator that gets rid of the heat needs to vent inside, and the radiator that produces cool air needs to vent outside. However, even if you do this, the temperature controller might not consider that application, so you would have to set the target temperature lower than room temperature and regulate it yourself by turning it on and off.
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Why is it that people procrastinate?
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Some people procrastinate because they feel powerless in their lives and it's one way they can exert power: Control whether a task is done and when.
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how do people die in their sleep in a fire? Wouldn't uncontrolable coughing wake you up first?
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The carbon monoxide gas can knock a person unconscious -- so they may be "put to sleep" before they ever wake up.
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if a murder were to occur on the ISS, what would be done about it?
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[Wikipedia article on space jurisdiction](_URL_0_). [PDF on law in ISS](_URL_1_). [More info](_URL_2_).
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How come when we eat food that's scalding hot, it doesn't feel like that after we swallow or if it's in our stomach?
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Simple. We don't have thermoreceptors (neurons that are able to sense the change in temperature which gives us the sensation of heat and cold) in those organs/tissues.
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Why are kids so fucking picky?
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Firstly, kids have a stronger sense of smell and taste. Many of the things we eat can taste and smell much stronger to kids. Secondly, kids have a phase when they realize they can refuse things. They realize they can say "no", that they are not mindless subordinate to adults. They learn that they can express they do not want something, and they start saying no to all sorts of stuff, learning their limits when it is appropriate to say no and when it is not.
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Why can I use headphones as a microphone and not a microphone as a speaker(s)?
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You can if the mic is a dynamic (electromagnetic) mic. Most mics are electret condenser mics. If you do try to use a dynamic mic as a speaker, you will get very little sound and will burn out the coil if you try to get more sound. Microphones are made with thin wires and small diaphragms.
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Why do people twitch, or jump, while they are falling asleep?
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Ah I hate these! It's a called a hypnagogic jerk and they occur during the transition between being awake and asleep. There are a couple of theories for them, such as accidental neuron misfiring, but I like the evolutionary approach to the phenomena. The theory goes that the jerk originates from our origins - when we may have been resting up in trees and hiding from predators. Accidentally falling asleep in these conditions would definitely benefit from this sudden hypnagogic jerk so we could quickly grab a branch to stop us falling out.
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When reading nutritional information labels what is the remaining weight made of?
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Water it is. There is pretty much nothing else that could possibly be it. A very small percentage would be some technological additives like preservatives, colourants and stuff, but they usually are used in insignificant amounts (10s of mg/kg). Oh and possibly air if you think about some puffy bread, but that too is absolutely insignificant considering its density. Even dehydrated products can not be completely dry, but youd notice the "missing mass" should be much lower than say ham or canned vegetables.
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How does wind 'suck' a door shut?
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Venturi effect. Air flowing through a restriction--even if only restricted on one side, such as when it flows past your open garage door--creates a low-pressure area as it must flow faster to get past the restriction. Higher pressure air inside the house then blows the door at the top of the stairs shut. The Venturi effect is also used in airbrushes, perfume sprays and carburetors, to draw liquid from a reservoir and into the air stream, breaking the liquid into a fine mist.
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What causes someone's voice to sound so much different than the norm (i.e. Gilbert Gottfried, Ray Romano) ? Is there a distinct physical difference in those people's larynges?
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No idea. I was curious too. but I do know Gilbert Gottfrieds voice is fake. he's over the top on purpose. _URL_0_
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The process for writing a song
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This has more to do with lyrics or stories or just writing in general but I think Neil Gaiman sums it up very well in my opinion. "You write. That’s the hard bit that nobody sees. You write on the good days and you write on the lousy days. Like a shark, you have to keep moving forward or you die. Writing may or may not be your salvation; it might or might not be your destiny. But that does not matter. What matters right now are the words, one after another. Find the next word. Write it down. Repeat. Repeat. Repeat"
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Where does the $$ for universal basic income come from? If an entire country is making UBI, where do the tax dollars come from?
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So the issue here is that people are still going to have jobs and work in companies. Many people are still going to work because they enjoy their jobs, because they want to have more money beyond the UBI, because it will keep them busy. The idea is that enough people will still be working that the economy will function enough that the government will give the UBI. There are some who don't believe it would work that way, but that's why this hasn't been implemented universally.
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Why is pork belly not being sold more commonly in the US?
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Pork belly is sold in the US, but people rarely buy a slab of meat. They prefer to buy it already processed into cuts, so they buy primarily bacon (normally preferring cured or smoked bacon) and to a lesser degree fatback rather than buying full porkbelly.
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What would happen if very few people voted in the US 2016 Presidential Election ( E.g < 10 million votes) maybe as a protest. Would this open other options after the election?
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State law decides how the states use their electors in the college. (There is no federal popular election, but unfortunately this is often misunderstood.) The states choose to determine their vote using a popular election, but I'm not aware of any state that requires a minimum turnout. Perhaps they would retroactively implement one in the event of extraordinarily low turnout or a dubious election; an option would be for the legislature to decide directly or let the governor decide. In any case, what matters at the end is the votes the states send to Washington. Congress counts them and officially certifies the result; on occasion it has rejected a state's votes (notably during the Civil War, of states in rebellion whose legitimate government was uncertain). If no one has a majority of the Electoral College, the House elects the President, and the Senate the Vice President.
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How is the 9th circuit court's decision on concealed carry today reasonable?
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The First Amendment guarantees the right to free speech, but you can get in trouble for inciting hate crimes, yelling "I HAVE A BOMB!!!" on an airplane, etc. There are reasonable restrictions to the right to free speech. "right to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed" does NOT MEAN "there can be absolutely zero rules about guns".
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what a vector in terms of art is?
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I think you mean vector graphics. Right? It's just a way to save image files. Basically when you save an image using a vector graphics you save the mathematical equations that produced that image. The advantages are: high resolution (in theory, infinite, in practice it depends on the screen), you can modify the image without loosing quality, you can compress the image without loosing details. On the other hand, the weak points are: you have to study a lot to create a nice vector image and complex images require a powerful computer.
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Why is it that you wake up sick but don’t get sick while awake?
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I’ve developed a cold throughout the day twice. I know when it happens now because I become really really thirsty and just feel tired on the afternoon. The sniffles start soon after.
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The security council has 5 permanent members (the winners or WWII) - US, UK, China, Russia, and France. How come other Allied countries that won don't have permanent seats? (Canada, India, Poland)
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Because those permanent seats (along with veto rights) were given out to countries that were world powers at the time, not just winners of WWII. Basically, the security council realised that unless they got these five world powers involved, a security council was going to be useless. So they were willing to offer these particular countries a few concessions to get them to sign up. While other countries, such as Canada and India contributed greatly to WWII, they also didn't have the same sort of influence on world politics as Russia or the US did, so it was not that critical to get them on board.
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What is a Derivative?
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It has a few different meanings in different contexts. What setting are we talking about?
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When the concentration camps in Nazi Germany were liberated, why were people from local towns forced to bury the dead?
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It was because the soldiers liberating the camps were angry. Angry in a way that they had never been angry before, gut-wrenchingly furious. Wanting to lash out in some way. They did it because they believed that if the German civilians knew about or not it then this would bring it home to them. Might be right, might not. But that;s how they felt. Relative was a soldier who liberated a camp.
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How do earplugs that block mostly loud sounds selectively (gunshots) work?
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If you're asking about the style I think you are, they have a microphone and speaker assembly mounted in an otherwise high-reduction set of earmuffs. The mic and speaker are set up to run normally until a certain decibel threshold is reached, at which point the microphone cuts off and you are effectively on mute until a second or so of less than-activation volume has passed.
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Why do some people have nightmares/bad dreams after eating spicy foods?
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Spicy foods can cause indigestion while you're sleeping. Stomach pain is commonly associated with fear or anxiety, sending your brain the signal that something is wrong. Because you are asleep your brain takes that anxious feeling and attaches a reason to it creating the narrative in your nightmares.
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Why does peppermint unblock sinuses?
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Menthol and related molecules activate thermoreceptors responding to cold. One of the physiological response to cold is vasoconstriction (your blood vessels "shrink"). When your nose is blocked, it is mostly due to those vessels that are dilated, therefore, menthol can reduce that blocking since it will contract them.
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Why does it feel good to stretch out on the floor or in bed in the morning?
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Your muscles are held in their shape and place by a filmy covering called "fascia". As you sleep or remain motionless the fascia can grow and restrict muscle movement. A good stretch in the morning moves your muscles and the movement brushes away the fascia growth in the night. And you will feel free and looser. Its also good for you. Keeps you mobile and limber. At least this is my understanding. Hope its been useful or at least interesting!
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If everyone uses a form of AD Block Plus how will, Twitcher/Youtuber/Web sites make money?
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If they can't show you Ads, they can't make money but less than 10% of those sites' population uses an Ad-blocking pugin/extension, so they don't worry yet. While that percentage keeps shy, big sites won't take action but if everyone uses Adblock or things like that, the sites will start banning people who uses them.
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Why are so many scotches named "Glen-"?
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Glen means "valley" in gaelic. Scotland is reasonably hilly, and thus there are a lot of glens (and it's easier to build a distillery in a glen than on a hill!). Many glens were given names: Glencoe, Rutherglen, etc. And just like in every country, a lot of things/products/regions in Scotland are named for their location (think: "Hidden Valley" or "Silicon Valley" or "Nature's Valley"). Finally, and most importantly, "glen" has a pleasant sound that is particularly Scottish. Ergo, lots of Scottish Whiskeys (and particularly those exported) contain "glen" in their name. Edit: As so many have correctly pointed out, Scotch Whisky is spelled without an "e." But as a whiskey-drinking American (though never with ice, my fine Caledonian friends, lest you be worried), and as a citizen of the country [that best keeps your whisky industry a'distillin](_URL_0_), I'll spell it however I damn please!
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ELI-Five me Google's new privacy policy taking effect on March 1st, 2012, and what parts of it I should make note of, and/or be concerned about?
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First of all, this has been asked [several times in this subreddit](_URL_0_) already. Second, because I'm such a nice guy, here's an easy-to-understand explanation from the Electronic Frontier Foundation: _URL_1_
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The short and long term effects of the airplanes dumping fuel have on the atmosphere, the soil, and on water.
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What happens is that it drops down below. There are regulations; fuel dumping is only done in emergency situations, where landing with all that fuel could be dangerous. It's not a huge problem, since it doesn't happen often. Not only are the airlines not permitted to do it, they aren't inclined to do it unless they have to, because that's just throwing away money. You dump fuel because you don't want your plane to blow up or catch fire.
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How is Reddit still "unprofitable" if the average daily reddit gold goal is 100%?
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I thought the whole point of reddit gold was to pay for the servers, not to profit. I thought the daily goal was equal to the daily cost of running reddit servers. Am I wrong?
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Why is it hard to remember dreams?
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It is difficult to remember dreams, because dreams take place in the brains pre-frontal cortex whereas memories and movements are stored in the cerebral cortex. Lucid dreams occur when our dreams drift into our cerebral cortex. This is the kind of thing that you learn in Neurology 101! Fox, Mason T. "Christopher A. Walsh, MD, PhD Research Abstract | _URL_0_." _URL_0_. Penguin Publishing, 17 Jan. 1997. Web. 08 Apr. 2015.
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Why perfectionism is a negative trait? What's difference between perfectionism and doing someone's best?
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[This xkcd comic puts it pretty well.](_URL_0_) Or, there's the saying "Don't hold a $1000 meeting to solve a $100 problem." In many situations, there's no approach that is objectively the "best" solution. Let's say I have a job interview, and I want to look my best. I put on a blazer, slacks, nice shirt... and a tie. Red tie or blue tie? I try both on and look in a mirror. I ask a friend for advice. I won't leave until I'm sure. It's one thing if I want to put on the best outfit and impress a hiring committee; it's something else if I spend so long composing that outfit that I'm late for the interview and shoot myself in the foot. Searching for perfection is good. Allowing that search to hold you back in other ways may not be. That's what perfectionism refers to. It can be a good trait up to a point.
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What is going on with the California drought?
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California hasn't been getting enough rain. The first year, everyone was thinking this was a short term problem and would resolve itself. The third year... water reserves are growing low and there's serious concern that if things don't change, California won't have enough water to not only continue with industrial agriculture but also keep their citizens alive. The main issue here is that there are a lot of farms in California using TONS of water. Regular use by citizens is a drop in the bucket compared to how much gets used for growing crops.
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How does a magnetic core, like Earth's, form? I have a very rudimentary understanding of how planets form. But, how did the Earths core end up like it is now?
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Earth's magnetic field comes from the molten outer core. When our sun was young, leftover gas and dust from it's formation orbited around it in a disc. clumps of this gas and dust started to swirl together to form the planets. The denser elements like iron and nickel fall to the center where under immense pressure and heat, the inner solid core and outer molten core formed, which is what gives us our magnetic field. Any rocky planet with a similar metal component to Earth should have a similar internal structure. Mars once had a liquid outer core but because it's much smaller than Earth, it cooled faster and solidified, meaning Mars no longer has a magnetic field.
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Why dont we build cars using water electrolysis?
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It takes more power to electrolyze water than we can recover from burning it.
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