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Why is the blue ink very common for writing, but when it comes to printing, black ink is extremely common?
Blue ink is common for writing, at least partially to differentiate wet ink signatures from photocopies. Black ink is very low cost, because everybody wants the same color. Blue ink is problematic, as Dodger Blue isn't the same as Prussian Blue.
How do passwords obtained from iBanking tokens have a timeout, when they are not wirelessly connected to the internet in real time?
They are based on an algorithm that uses a secret pre agreed key and the clock in the device. After some time has elapsed the code you have no longer matches the current time.
Obama's new job plan
He wants to pay small businesses to hire people especially veterans and people unemployed for more than 6 months. He wants to build/repair infrastructure including high speed rail, bridges, and major highways, thus creating jobs. He wants to pay small businesses to raise salaries. He wants to pay for this with cuts over the next year that he and congress find including what he has been saying, reforming tax code to make the rich pay more and also slightly overhaul medicare/medicaid.
Did those mentioned in the Panama Papers perform illegal actions?
Depends on the country's laws, but the whole point was that they were exploiting loopholes. As in, they followed the letter of the law, but not the spirit. The money they made was intended to be taxed and used in other ways probably, but through a proper but legitimate misunderstanding of the law, they were able to do this.
Why did US decide to go for 'Presidential Republic' system instead of 'Parliamentary Republic' system ?
1) When the US left Great Britain, the monarch still had much more power than they do now, the transition to the modern constitutional monarchy was far from complete. By leaving when they did, and then codifying it in a written constitution, they missed the ensuing European development. 2) Constitutionally, Congress is the most powerful branch of government. There has been a great deal of academic debate over the "Imperial Presidency", the extent that exists, the extent a modern President has more power than they might have been intended, the way a President can make more of less power due to being concentrated in one person with all the symbolism they get to hold, etc.
the physical difference between a video camera and a still camera. Also, how do the hybrids differ from the single task models?
There's very little difference between the two (for digital cameras). Many still photo cameras can also take video and vice versa. The key is that to do video, the camera must be capable of moving images from the sensor to memory rapidly, and must have the memory capacity to store many frames. Some hybrids (still cameras that also shoot video) can only take relatively low frame rates, such as 15 frames per second. And some video cameras have better optics (larger lenses, etc.). But there is lots of variation.
What is the origin of the "http://" before a website address, what is its purpose, and why is Wikipedia's "https://" a significant difference?
"something://" indicates the protocol being used. The protocol is the system/rules by which your computer and the remote server that has the webpage talk to each other. There's actually many, and some other ones used to be more popular, but these days http (hypertext transfer protocol) is by far the most commonly used, and if you don't specify a protocol the computer assumes that one. (ftp:// is still in use though gopher:// has long since fallen by the wayside.) So what's http**S**? The S stands for secure. It's the same system as http, except encrypted so that as your communications pass over the internet, it's much harder for anyone to potentially snoop on you.
How do these 8/16/32/64k-demos work? how can you put all that information and animation in such a small file?
I'm ignorant of the general computery stuff involved, but it's like this: the file doesn't actually contain the stuff which is to be shown. It contains HOW to MAKE the stuff which is to be shown. ELI5 analogy time. Say I want to have an awesome home video of me driving across the country. I could get a video camera, set it up on my dashboard, and then drive across the country. I would then have an awesome home video of driving across the country. Say, though, I'm too lazy for that. Instead, I print out a google maps and give that to some other sucker, make him set up a video camera, and then drive across the country. At the end of it, I have an awesome home video of driving across the country. These files = google maps directions. Some other poor sucker = graphics processor.
how did generals in ancient battles send commands readily and accurately I the battles?
Quite simple: they didn't. Commands could be given by pre-arranged signals, via drums, bugles, flags, etc. You could send a courier to deliver orders to a commander, or something similar, but getting commands delivered in a timely accurate fashion was a major issue for a lot of history. There are multiple battles and even while campaigns where failures of communication had disastrous consequences.
The green frog-guy meme I keep seeing from r/The_Donald in /All
It is Donald Trump photoshopped together with the meme [Pepe](_URL_0_). No one really has any idea why Pepe got popular in the first place, it originated on 4chan years ago and quite frankly is probably the most long lived meme in meme history. As for what it means... no one knows. As for why it is on there, well, r/the_Donald is known to shitpost and meme a lot, while I personally do not necessarily support what they are pushing for, I have to admit, their memes are on point. And it seems that the r/the_Donald mods have announced it is "Pepe Weekend."
Since the Earth is so hospitable to life, then why isn't there multiple origins of life/ multiple coexisting trees of life?
The conditions on Earth at present are very conducive for sustaining life, but not for life to originate. The theory of life that is well accepted is primary abiogenesis and then biogenesis ever since. The first molecules of life originated from non living substances then these living molecules started self replicating and evolving. The most important condition required for primary abiogenesis was a reducing atmosphere. Or an atmosphere that does not have much oxygen which will oxidize the organic molecules. Once the planktons and other small celled photosynthetic organisms evolved, they produced oxygen as a by product and slowly the atmosphere became an oxidizing atmosphere. Once atmosphere became oxidizing, the original condition in which self replicating aggregates formed was changed. Hence now new life cannot form from non living substances when exposed to the atmosphere. But living organisms can arise from existing living organisms.
How come ICBMs can’t be shot down? Are they undetectable or are they just going to fast?
They can be shot down... sometimes. Test under ideal conditions are ok-ish at shooting down ICBMs but it's never been done during an actually attack so we don't really know how effective missile interception would be when it mattered. Missiles are small and moving very fast. Intercepting a missile is like trying to shoot a bullet out of the air with another bullet.
How do they make unique signals for car alarm/lock remotes
The "key" emits a series of timed pulses. The car recognizes only one pattern.
How do you safely get rid of nuclear waste?
Put it in strong barrels, put barrels in a cave that isn't near a water source. Hope the barrels don't leak for many many many many many many years.
What is the biological purpose of blue eyes?
Pro tip: not every trait we have had a purpose. There's no rule staring that just because something evolved, it's useful. Blue eyes are merely a mutation that wasn't detrimental enough to be selected against.
how to best use my credit card to build credit.
Unless you have bad credit and are trying to turn it around as quickly as possible or if you are trying to eek out those last 5 points to put you over 800, the only thing you really need to worry about is make sure you aren't late paying your card. It won't really hurt (or help) to carry a balance or to not carry one. Also, it doesn't matter in the slightest how you pay your bill as long as it is credited on your account before the due date.
Why does practically every website still have trouble handling high traffic volumes even when they're expecting it?
Servers have a finite amount of processing power. The only way to increase your capacity is to get MORE servers or upgrade the hardware of existing servers. This is an expensive proposition and takes work to do. It doesn't make much sense unless you're expecting to have to handle this sort of volume a lot.
Is our moon moving away from Earth? If so, what's causing it?
The moon has gravity just like Earth and this pull on Earth is of different strength at different distances. The result is a tidal force that creates a bulge in the oceans and even the crust. Due to the rotation of Earth this bulge sits slightly ahead of the moon's rotation and pulls the moon forward in its orbit, speeding it up. The consequences of speeding up in orbit pushes the moon into a higher orbit, increasing the distance from Earth.
What's going on with Netflix and Verizon?
Verizon has a lot of pipes. Netflix traffic uses a large portion of those pipes, because HD video. [A US Appeals Court](_URL_0_) recently ruled that Verizon can charge Netflix more because it uses more pipes, which makes a lot of tech people upset, because it allows ISPs (the guys with the pipes) to decide what content is worth having on the internet. Verizon went into negotiations with Netflix for Netflix to pay them more, and during the negotiations, used mafia-like tactics to tank Netflix's speed to Verizon customers, as if to demonstrate what they could do to Netflix if they wanted. Netflix capitulated to Verizon's demands for more money, but retaliated by putting a message on Verizon Netflix subscriber's screens telling them every time that Verizon's network was slow enough to reduce video quality. Verizon got butthurt over this and sent a mean letter to Netflix threatening to sue for defamation.
How is all the debris in space and other stuff orbiting earth not a bigger problem?
Its all super far apart and would take more resources than the objects are worth to collect them and orbital decay HAS already been calculated.
Why do we have to cook things with a low flame for a long time. Why not a high flame for a short amount of time?
Large flame means high temperature. High temperature means the outer layer of food might burn before the inside has been heated up. Low temperature takes more time, but gives you much more even cooking.
Why do people like Warren Buffet continue to try and make as much money as possible, when they have so much that they could never spend it all?
When you control massive wealth you can do things nobody else can do. You get called by Presidents and Potentates when they need help or want your opinion. You get invited to the most interesting secret meetings where the strings that move the world are pulled. You get a seat behind the curtain. Being an active investor is what keeps you in that seat. If you put your money into a passive investment vehicle and ignored it, people would ignore **you**. Only if you're seen to be willing and able to move the kind of capital that changes markets do you get to be a real "insider". Buffet loves being an insider (who wouldn't?) He's also been doing it his entire life. Clearly he loves it on some fundamental level. He is probably really intrigued by what he sees happening over the very long term and wants to remain in a decision-making role as he watches to see if his theories about how the world works are validated or not.
why do they even allow people's cars to go over 140 mph?
Consumers demand acceleration. That requires a powerful engine. Consumers demand fuel economy. That requires a tall gear ratio that keeps a car at speed at low engine RPM, meaning it's consuming less fuel. What happens when you combine that powerful engine at HIGH RPM with that tall gear meant for low RPM at highway speeds? You can always install a governor on the engine to limit the speed, but it's not illegal to make a fast car, and it's not illegal to go fast, it's only illegal to exceed the speed limit on public roads. You can go as fast as you want on private property.
How come you can only get bigger muscles on a calorie surplus?
Building muscles is like building a house, you need to build it out of something. By exercising you are giving your cells orders to build a building. Proteins are like the bricks for the building, the cells can just stack em together and make a building. You can turn other things into bricks, but that takes time and effort, it might be easier to just stack it in a corner or burn it right now. Those would be other sources of calories. If you're are starting out as fat, this would be like having piles of clay you stacked in a corner, send the right orders and you can turn that into muscle proteins. Eventually you'll run out of fat and need to get more stuff to turn in muscle. Thus you'll need to eat more stuff than you burn, otherwise there's nothing left over to turn into muscle.
if there is no sound in space, is there no sound in the shuttle once at a certain point above earth? Tl;dr how does sound in space work?
Sound is vibration in a fluid ( gas or liquid). In space there is no air, so sound cannot be created. In space shuttles, there is an air tank so the astronauts can breathe, and this allows them to talk.
why do people scream when they are in pain?
To warn others in the area of danger, and/or to call for help. Which such basic instincts as these, think of stone-age hunters in the long grass, hunting gazelle and trying to avoid tigers.
Wattage, voltage, amperage, and resistance
Compare it to a bus, with one elektron being a bus and the amount of people in the bus the energy that an elektron carries. Amperage would be the amount of busses that are driving. Voltage the amount of people per bus, wattage the total amount of people transported and resistance the amount of people a bus would lose going through an area. In more technical terms, Amperage is the amount of elektrons going through an area/point on a wire. Voltage the amount of energy that an elektron carries, Wattage the total amount of energy going through a point on a wire and resistance the amount of energy an elektron loses going through a part of a wire.
How do archaeologists know who a certain skeleton in a tomb is?
You know how we place tombstones on graves with inscriptions on them? They did that back in ancient times as well. Only the inscriptions were on and inside the tombs.
What's the difference between Muslim and Islamic?
Islam is the religion and Islamic means related to Islam. Muslims are worshipers of the Islam religion So Islam would be similar to Christianity as Muslim would be similar to Christian
What is an app/website doing when frozen? Is it reading through lines of code?
Generally it's a software issue. It's not "reading" the lines of code persay, but it is stuck in some sort of time-consuming process and neglecting to respond to your input in a timely manner. The typical solution is to write code that allows these long-running tasks to be separated from the tasks that handle input and update the display, so that the application continues to respond properly when things get slow. Usually this solution is accompanied by a progress bar or spinner. However, it's not practical to do this for every single operation a program does. Sometimes, a freeze happens because the developer didn't think a particular operation would ever take a very long time, so they didn't separate it like I explained earlier. It could be hardware-related sometimes, if a hardware glitch causes an unexpected condition that the software can't handle.
How do sweets create cavities?
Sweets contain glucose and the bacteria in your mouth digest the glucose and produce acid. The acid eats through the enamel and then you get cavities.
How do long term space projects (i.e. James Webb Telescope) that take decades, deal with technological advancement implementation within the time-frame of their deployment?
A bit of both. The key component of some things, like the lenses themselves, are pretty much "locked in" at some point. We know we can build them today, and we know we'll find a better way to build them when we actually start manufacturing them. So, how they will actually be made is up in the air but we know the size and precision needed. The next thing is that no one wants to send the newest tech into orbit - first generation things tend to break, and so when scientists discover some lighter than air nanomaterial, it's not about to make it into a satellite a week later. But in 20 years, they've definitely improved a lot. Plans would have been generally drawn up, knowing that computers would change over time, and individual components would be tested and swapped out if they can work. Each time, someone would make sure that the weight, format, reliability, and everything else will keep working as planned.
Why it can take days for electronic bank transfer to show up or ''clear'' into bank accounts?
the banks are using the float to their advantage and ignoring your convenience.
If a high protein and heavy resistance training is the key to putting on muscle, how do horses and other animals do it ?
Grain has a lot of carbs, but it also has an appreciable amount of protein. It's actually not too uncommon for human weightlifters to eat more cabs than protein, as well. Since horses evolved as herbivores, I don't know that they would be able to digest those high protein sources properly. Also, while they aren't traditional resistance training, a lot of power can be developed by jumping and sprinting. Since horses are really heavy, a lot of muscle is required to do these things.
This might be a dumb question but it just started raining, so I started thinking, why does it start raining slow then increase in speed? Like what is happening in the cloud that's different than before, or vice versa if it starts pouring like there's no tomorrow then slows down?
The cloud moves. First, the cloud's (thinner) edge comes over you, and because it's thinner there's less rain to unload; then the bulk of the cloud, then finally the trailing edge. Clouds are water vapor suspended in air (and so is fog), and the ability of air to keep water depends on temperature and pressure. Air is always moving up there, and at some point the air that contains a cloud may hit colder air or different pressure air, and the cloud will start unloading. But it keeps moving; air keeps moving it along. So, more rain vs. less rain depends on the thickness of the part of the cloud that happens to be passing above you at any point in time.
How does charcoal mellow whiskey?
It's very similar to a Brita water filter (they use charcoal to absorb unpleasant smelling/tasting chemicals). Activated charcoal has enormous surface area for its weight, and it's mostly made up of carbon atoms. Carbon adsorbs many materials quite well, but especially other carbon chemicals. Since most of the unpleasant chemicals found in alcohol are carbon based chemicals, charcoal works very well as a filter for distilled alcoholic beverages. It's popular among penny pinchers to get a similar effect by running cheap vodka through a Brita filter.
How does the information travel through cords to make sound on speakers?
As electrical voltages and currents. If you put a 1 kHz AC current (current that swap directions 1000 times a second) on the wire, it causes the speaker to move at 1 kHz, which causes the air to move at 1 kHz, which makes you hear a 1 kHz tone. To play more complex sounds, you just put a more complex electrical current on the wire that matches the shape of the sound.
What happens if an astronaut working on the exterior of the space station happens to lose grip on whatever they're holding on to?
This is why they tether themselves. If they were untethered and drifted out of reach of the station then not all would be lost, though. Many EVA (extra vehicular activity) suits include small thrusters that the astronaut can use to maneuver around. These could be used to push them back towards the ship. Alternatively, if desperate, they could throw a tool away from the station which would push them back towards it. If that fails then another astronaut could be sent to rescue them using a longer tether or conceivably even by taking another craft that was intended for return to the ground (this would depend on the scenario and would be a last option, but it's better than losing someone who could be saved). Ultimately it's a much more forgiving scenario than falling just out of arm's reach when untethered on the top of a tall building that's under construction.
If "Ren and Stimpy" was geared towards adults, why was it on Nickelodeon?
Because no 'adult' stations would pick it up, so they cleaned it up (a little) and pitched it as a kids show. I think the same thing happened with spongebob
What Obama Just Said, Explained
"Our government will be spending less" We should include here that Keynesian economics recommend *increasing* spending in a recession. So while we will be helping lessen our debt, this might not be the best time to do so.
Why is the USA the richest nation when it has over 17 trillion USD in debt
A homeless person has 0 money. An office worker has 5000 in the bank but has a borrowed debt of 20,000. So technically the worker has negative 15,000 but he is still considered richer.
Why does mental illness seem more common today?
Because gradually people are becoming more open and accepting of discussing mental illness, so it seems more common when the general population assess their own mental state in a more open minded manner. It has always been this common, but people didn't talk about it.
How can blockchain technology ensure diamond authenticity / no child labour use in a product?
A blockchain is really just a way of people creating a secure series of notes about things. It can track the history of the source of a product and ownership but that chain of ownership is meaningless if the original claim about something being "good" was made in bad faith or can't be trusted. If you can trust Friendly Diamond Mines to make a good/safe product, the blockchain would let you make sure a specific diamond could uniquely be traced back to their original claim. This doesn't mean the original claim is valid, nor does this *actually* tie into the authenticity of any single diamond (eg - they could sell/lose the real diamond off the blockchain and start calling some other stone the same thing).
What happens if you are morbidly obese (1000 pounds) and starve yourself?
There was a study where a man who was morbidly obese took supplements and didn't eat for a very long time. He eventually got skinny, then died in his 40s. Moral being proper diet and exercise is the better route
How does newly minted currency enter circulation?
They send them to banks and major companies, banks stop giving out old currency (if it's going out of circulation), over time, the new currency will be passed about so much that it's just part of the system
What happens to Greece now that the bailout extension has been denied?
The party currently in power promised end the austerity measured imposed on it by the EU, and it promised it would no leave the euro. It will have to break one of those promises. Note that Greece has always had the option to honor the existing deal, and get additional bailout money. They current gov't doesn't want to, because they feel that honoring validates it, and it breaks the main promise they used to get elected.
How do poor people *legally* immigrate to the United States?
[This image goes into some detail about it](_URL_0_) Essentially if you don't have family here, and you're not skilled it's essentially impossible to become a citizen, barring something like being granted refugee status.
Why must we have to wake up so early for school when it can easily be moved later in the day so we get more sleep?
Mostly buses. But more importantly, there are a lot of "latchkey kids" whose parents work multiple jobs, or who have single parent families, or both. If the parents leave work to pick up their kids from school, or stay home to babysit them, the family wouldn't have enough money to eat. Even very stable families with enough income benefit from having someone available to care for the kids. So older students are made available to care for their younger siblings. They have to start school early enough that they can be done with their school day and either walk their siblings home or be waiting at home for them. The issue with buses would be easy enough to deal with just be putting the high school students later than elementary school, letting the younger kids go first. Unfortunately, that would hurt a lot of families that need the older kids out of school sooner.
Why do more serious wounds, like surgery wounds have drainage durring the healing process?
The drainage is dead white blood cells and dead bacteria. Having to drain a wound is more about how deep and enclosed it is. When you scrape your knee, the wound is on the surface so the drainage can easily flow out. With a deeper wound, the drainage has nowhere to go, so it builds up and causes other problems, especially since it can serve as a conduit to some of the still living bacteria.
Why is the male crotch's color a little different from the rest of the body?
Male genitalia - and the pubic area in general - have a higher concentration of the pigment melanin than the rest of the body. This accounts for a darker color.
How is it No purchase necessary on those boxes you must open to win?
Generally, there is a mail-in or online method to enter the contest, sweepstakes, or giveaway. Read the fine print on the box, and there is usually a brief description of how to enter without a purchase. If it's not there, sometimes they put it inside the box (making it hard to enter without a purchase), or just have the information on their website or available via a telephone number. Usually they make the rules for non-purchase entry very convoluted or difficult, with very specific instructions (such as hand-printing your name and address on a 3x5 index card with a first-class stamp, or sending them a Self-Addressed Stamped Envelope (which means you end up paying double postage).
how can BP pay a ~$20bn USD fine if their annual profit is only ~$4 bn USD?
The simple answer is that BP has $32 Billion in cash and short term investments on hand to pay off the $20 Billion it owes. Also possible that BP will pay some fraction of the total amount it owes each quarter or each year for the next decade or two.
Why does Soda cost so much less than water?
Does it? I get water out of my tap for about 700 gallons for a dollar. Bottled water is more expensive because it's been found that people are willing to pay that much for convenience, but water itself is quite cheap in the US at least.
How much more light we will get if the moon is coated in mirror-like surfaces ?
About eight times as much. The reflectivity of astronomical bodies is called albedo. An albedo of 0 means the object reflects no light, and 1 means it reflects all light. The moon's albedo is 0.12, meaning it reflects about one eighth of the light that hits it.
why is it that sometimes in the city I live in I see pigeons with toes missing or just swollen knobs for feet quite frequently?
Pigeons in cities are in contact with a lot of dirt and bacteria from litter and such. As a result they often succumb to infections which rot their feet _URL_0_ They can also get their feet tangled in things like fishing lines, cutting off the circulation and damaging their feet
Do people of a darker skin complexion attract more sunlight and because of that are hotter outside in the sun?
Technically, yes. Melanin is the pigment that gives people a darker complexion, and therefore absorbs more heat. This might seem counterintuitive, but ultimately, the heat is not the damaging factor here, UV is. Melanin helps to dissipate UV radiation, thereby helping prevent skin cancers. Its production is stimulated by the UV radiation from the sun. So yeah, if you get darker you do get hotter, but you're protected better from the more dangerous UV radiation.
how a penis can get erect, maintain proper circulation without increasing the blood pressure appreciably in the rest of the circulatory system?
The arteries leading into the penis dilate, resulting in an increased profusion of blood. The veins leading out of the penis are constricted by muscular action, restricting the ability of the blood to flow back out of the system into the body at large. This also explains in part how a priapism can be dangerous, as you can get oxygen-starved tissues.
Why does the United States military have bases in other countries but other countries don't have bases in the United States? What are the odds of another country putting a base in the US?
A lot of countries host bases for other countries. There are a few advantages to this. First - Base leases usually come with money. Most countries like to have money come in. Second - Base leases usually come with favors or otherwise improve relationships between the countries. Want to influence a powerful country? Hosting one of their bases is a good way to do it. Third - Bases provide defense. Maybe the local warlords don't think much of podunksylvania. But they might take you more seriously if you host some major foreign forces. The US doesn't host much in the way of foreign forces because none of those things are terribly important to them. The US pretty much exclusively plays the role of patron rather than client. The US does host some small numbers of foreign forces, but only for the purposes of training. The US would probably not be happy hosting any of the countries with global aspirations, because they are exactly the countries they would be the most concerned about attacking the US.
Why does commercial real estate stay vacant when they could just lower the price of rent?
Commercial real estate often deals with long-term leases - 5 years rather than the 6-12mo leases you see with residential. There is often a significant amount of work that will be done, often by the land lord, customizing the space for the needs of a new client. Also, in business, you seldom want to deal with the customer that insists on the cheapest price. They're generally entitled pains in the ass that start expecting every last thing for free. Not to mention that a business that's got a problem with a few hundred dollars per month in rent doesn't appear to be on sound footing - no property owner wants to have a tenant go out of business half way through a 5 year lease, leaving the property owner to clean up all the mess.
Why isn't solar power the most used source for electricity?
Because it's the least dense form of energy available to us. You can only get about 150 watts per square meter out of sunlight. That's barely enough to run a lightbulb. Solar power is plentiful and free, but *very* paltry unless you want to spend billions to pave over whole states with PV arrays.
Why does "End Now" rarely work?
"End now" is basically the same thing as trying to close the program by clicking the "X" in the top corner. It's the operating system sending a message to the program that says "hey, stop what you're doing please." If the program's already frozen, that means it's not taking any commands. It's caught in some sort of issue where it doesn't know what to do. So, sending it a command saying "hey, close down" doesn't get followed because it's not responding correctly anyway. When you go into Task Manager and say "end process," it's a command to the operating system. It basically says "take away whatever memory's being allocated to this program," and the program has no choice but to die. It's like... if a kid is painting on the wall, and you tell him to stop, he may or may not. He's already ignoring what you're telling him to do, so it's not likely that he'll listen. If you take away the paint, though, he doesn't really have a choice.
Why does CISPA keep coming back?
It only takes a single Congressperson to introduce a bill. There's no reason to believe that CISPA is going to go anywhere, but there's no way to stop one of the 425 members of the House of Representatives from introducing it.
Controls in the cockpit of a commercial flight
i suggest you read this pdf _URL_0_ and read this little guide _URL_1_ but basically, you have the throttle, which controls thrust of engines, which accelerates your plane. rudder pedals (feet) move the rudder, which makes your airplane go left or right in a horizontal plane. then you have elevators, which are controlled by pulling the stick/control wheel or pushing it. this moves the plane up and down in the vertical plane. you also have the ailerons, which are controlled by spinning the wheel CCW or CW. this rolls the airplane. everything else can be stuff like, turning on the engines, turning on the hydraulics (which move the flight controls), turning on the electricity, moving the landing gear up and down, turning on lights, etc etc etc and wait until there is an ELI10 or 15 to ask this question
How do you reverse engineer the ingredients of a chemical formula?
Well, you can use a gas chromatograph to measure the different elements and ions in the mystery substance. That's not totally enough information, so then you'd have to look at how those "lego blocks" might be arranged in a stable molecule. Sometimes there are a couple of possibilities. When you get it down to a list of possibilities you can define specific tests to measure A vs B and then C vs D and then A vs C to boil it down to an answer.
Why are we adverse to rats?
Where there are people, there are rats. Where there is waste, there are more rats. While rats are fairly clean animals, they are often seen searching through waste for either food, or a place to live. As a result people often associate them with filth. After the Plague (fleas on rats leading to the deaths of so many) the association between Rats, Death & Disease strengthened. Here are two good books on the subject of rats, how we view them, and how we are key in their presence among us: [Rats](_URL_0_) by Robert Sullivan, & [Rats, Lice and History](_URL_1_) by Hans Zinsser.
Can documentary and news personnel be held responsible for not disclosing information to the government about the illegal things they report on? I.E. Drugs Inc., Vice News.
No. There are journalistic protections thanks to the First Amendment to the Constitution. This gives a freedom of the press that protects them more than ordinary citizens when doing their job.
Why does the giant ice cube in my cocktail melt at a nonuniform rate?
The ice probably has air in it, even if it is pockets smaller than a bubble and therefore hard to see.
If espresso is essentially concentrated coffee why is it less acidic?
The resulting liquid has much less time to absorb any acidity from the grounds. Since you are sending pressurized steam through the grounds instead of just letting hot water drip through them, it results in a less acidic brew
If a bedroom has a 60 watt lightbulb and one of the walls is a full-length mirror, does the reflection become like a 2nd 60 watt bulb?
No the light of the lamp goes in all directions The reflection on the mirror is just a fraction of the light from the original light source
why do the progressive states keep middle/southern america around?
There does not exist any sort of way to "ditch" states. We even fought a civil war, at great cost of life, to prevent it from happening. The only way to make it possible for a state to leave the union would be to pass a constitutional amendment, which would require (among other things) 75% of the states to agree to it. And trust me, that's just not going to happen. Also: > Coastal states and cities drive the economy and support the barren expanses of the south and rural america Those "barren" expanses provide almost all of the country's food.
How does stainless steel remove smell of garlic off your hands?
The volatile compounds that cause the smell in garlic, onions, etc. are sulfur-based. Most stainless steel in kitchens contains chromium. The chromium oxide attracts the sulfur molecule and draws it off of your skin
ELI5: Why does Windows let me in instantly if I enter my password correctly, but take anywhere from ten seconds to a full minute to recognize when I type it incorrectly?
This is actually done on purpose. The computer knows right away that the password is wrong, but it forces a waiting period before allowing you to try again to prevent someone from being able to sit at your computer and rapidy test dozens of different passwords to try to brute-force their way into your account.
Why does the 5th amendment say that people can't be a witness against themselves in a court of law?
> Was there a history of asking defendants to testify against themselves? Not so much "asking" as "torturing into confessing." I'll try to dig up an old law review article about it, but that clause was largely created in response to what has been seen as coercive attempts to force people to testify against themselves.
How can hardcore Christians be against both birth control AND abortion when preaching abstinence doesn't work?
Because how well the policy works doesn't matter to them. Abortion is a sin, contraception is a sin so the only available birth control option without being a sinner is abstinence. The fact that this policy causes a lot of pain and suffering, creates generations of perpetually poor people and that abstinence education doesn't work simply does not matter, because the purpose isn't effective policy, the purpose is to make people not sin.
Why is radioactive waste such a massive problem? Why can't we just shoot it into space?
Because there is a lot of waste, space travel is expensive and if a rocket fails you get showered in radioactive waste. Maybe once we have a space elevator installed that would be a viable option.
What is so special about kobe beef, and why european or american herds can't produce it?
Just like there are different breeds of dogs, there are different breeds of cows. Kobe beef comes from a Wagyu cow. European or American farms can't produce it because Kobe beef comes from Kobe. If it doesn't come from Kobe, it's not Kobe beef. Same thing applies to Champagne. Champagne is a region in France. Sparkling wine from other regions is simply called "sparkling wine". Also similar is Scotch. If it's not from Scotland, it can't be called scotch. Other places produce the exact same thing, but they call it whiskey or bourbon. American and European farms DO produce beef from Wagyu cows. But they can't call it Kobe beef because it's not from Kobe, so they call it Wagyu beef. Wagyu cows are known for high amount of marbling on the meat.
Why do credit card companies that offer those "5% cash back" deals that require users to activate a different category each quarter need to be so secretive/mysterious what the future categories are?
The idea of those promotions is to get you to put more money on your credit card - you're supposed to think "Ooh, I can save money on *x*, but I'd better buy it now!" If they announce those promotions in advance, it encourages you to put off purchases instead, which is the opposite effect of what they want.
Explain to me what reverse racism is, LI5
Racism is preferential treatment based on race, typically by a majority against a minority. Reverse racism is preferential treatment based on race, by a majority against *in favor* of a minority, to avoid the appearance of regular racism. For example, let's say two people are up for a promition, a white guy with 10 years experience, top rated performance reviews and several industry certifications, and a black guy with 2 years of experience and average performance reviews, and missing key certifications. The company is currently being sued for discrimination in an unrelated case, so they promote the black guy to give the appearance of being more inclusive. In this case the white guy would be a victim of reverse discrimination, and may have grounds for legal action.
How does a “power nap” give you more energy than waking up slightly later?
REM is also known as deep sleep. And you want to stay there. It's like being really focused on something, then having someone disturb/interrupt you. You're groggy and don't know what's going on. You go through stages of sleep. It takes different amounts of time to get into each stage, and some stages allow for easier waking up than others. These 'power naps' really only go into the first 2 stages of sleeping, which are rather light. So you don't have time to go into the deep, REM sleep.
Why do some churches only believe in the King James Version of The Bible?
Many churches want to ignore the fact that you'll end up with errors when you translate things from ancient languages, because they want to claim that the Bible has no errors in it. The problem is that most modern English Bible translations will openly tell you about translation errors; there are little footnotes, where the editors note that people disagree about what the sentence really says. The King James Version is one of a very few modern English translations that *don't* do this. So if you want to tell a story of an error-free Bible, you pretty much have to use it.
Why does a small dome light drain a huge car battery over night, yet a couple of AAAs can power a significantly more powerful, non-LED headlamp for days?
A car starter motor takes a lot of power. It has to turn over the engine enough times to cycle every piston and try to start each spark plug firing properly. You can leave a light on in your car for a day or two, but it'll drain the battery down too much to have enough power to turn the engine over. Plus you have to remember that cars use old incandescent bulbs, and that's many times the power requirement of an LED. Plus think how big an area a car light can illuminate.
Why are the EU trying to remove memes? And how will they go about enforcing this?
It's not that the EU is specifically targeting memes. It's that they want to go after hate speech or subversive speech, and are using this copyright law as a stepping stone. The way the law is written, it will require companies, like Reddit, to automatically examine every item uploaded onto it, be it a comment, link, image, sound file, or video, and determine if the item infringes on copyright. The "I'll Have You Know" Meme would be seen by a robot as infringing on SpongeBob SquarePants, and would be blocked. If that works, then a precedent would be set to allow the use of these robots, and they will expand the laws to automatically search for people who say that Jews should be killed. Or that Muslims are a threat to society. Or that the president should be executed. Things we all agree probably shouldn't be said. But what stops them from using it against phrases like "I don't think we should be in this war", or "I'm voting for the Opposition Party"?
How is it that we can drink a lot of liquid and still be dehydrated?
You have this hormone called anti diuretic hormone (ADH) that binds to a certain part of your nephrons in your kidneys. ADH enables your kidneys to reabsorb more water (a small but important percentage) as opposed to keeping it filtered and headed toward the bladder. Those beverages block ADH and that extra water is not absorbed thus you are peeing more and are more likely to be dehydrated.
How do elevator systems determine which elevator to send when there are multiple that are equidistant away?
The scheduler will find all elevators that are idle or moving in the proper direction already. From there, it will score them for which one should go. The score is going to be mostly distance based, but it could also be programmed to favour an elevator in motion. It may also factor in some sort of 'wear and tear' factor so that elevators tend to do the same amount of work. Programmers wouldn't really handle a 'tie' scenario. Instead, the easiest way to do this is to just iterate through the list, holding an elevator and comparing it. If you find one that is lower score, you hold onto that one as you continue through the list. There's no specific handling for a tie, it just works because you're not checking for less than or equals, just less than.
Why can hunters kill bucks freely but require a permit to shoot does?
Well, I'm not sure you can hunt anything without a permit, but let's put that aside. They don't release (as many) permits for female deer, as they are critical in breeding, and it's a 1 to 1 relationship. ie: for every 1 new dear, it needs it's own mom. A buck can mate with many does, so if there are fewer bucks the population won't suffer; the bucks that make it through hunting season are swimming in elk ass. It goes back to K vs R strategies for populations; but that's kind of above a 5 year old's head.. Edit: I swear this thread was empty when I posted. :/
Following on from the blood type question, please ELI5 whether there's any truth to the theory that different blood types should eat different foods.
No. Food you ingest is broken down to components way before it comes into contact with your bloodstream. Even then, blood (the liquid part of it - blood plasma) only carries it to target cells and the antibodies on the red blood cells (that are responsible for blood types) have nothing to do with food components such as glucose molecules (sugars that your body uses to generate energy). Those molecules are in your blood just for the ride - to be caught by cells that need energy. This is the case with all those components. So as long as you eat a normal sized dish of balanced diet and aren't full vegan (even vegans can live off of 100% plant-substance for a few years before the diminishing supply of B12, iron and some other minerals/vitamins starts causing problems) you WILL be healthy regardless of your blood type. Source: 1,3 years of med school (in Estonia)
How does having a higher than normal blood-alcohol content level impact what kind of medical care a person gets when they have a serious injury or medical emergency?
Alcohol is technically a poison, and has a lot of different effects depending on time of exposure. Immediate alcohol poisoning is one issue, long term alcohol abuse has others. Some immediate effects are: - thinned blood: Your blood flows more easily and will clot slower. Doctors will therefore be more cautious with surgery - increased liver and kidney demand: Your body tries to dilute and process alcohol (a poison) to negate its effects on the body. This is why you pee a lot and also why you should not take tylenol or simple painkillers with drinking. Tylenol also puts pressure on your liver and kidney to process. Too much pressure will cause serious damage to both organs. I'm sure there are other, especially relating to the heart, but those are probably the two most common.
Why is it that most if not all torrents for major games are no longer on popular torrent websites after only a few months of release?
Honestly, your not looking hard enough. A quick search on TPB turned up what your friend was looking for. For brand new games they need to be cracked first. That usually happens pretty quick. But once a developer sees it up their going to find a way to bring it down. Or set up a nice honey pot. Not all developers are like this. Not all developers even care their game is going to be pirated. Most have accepted the fact that if someone wants it, their gonna get it. Plus heavy DRM is hurtful to your actual customers in different ways.
Why does hydrogen peroxide make your skin itchy?
Hydrogen peroxide is quite a reactive molecule, commonly used as a disinfectant in low concentrations for cuts as it kills bacteria. It is also a really good bleaching agent. Unfortunately, hydrogen peroxide will also react with skin, especially in higher concentrations and can cause unwanted reactions. When these unwanted reactions occur, your body will initiate a response to repair the damage, which has a side effect of itchiness at the site of exposure.
Why people get happy when there is water on another planet, isn't it possible that aliens could live without water?
We can divide up all possible life into two categories: life that needs water, and life that does not need water. We know the first group exists, because we, and all other life on earth, are part of that group. The existence of the second group is pure speculation. So while no one denies the possibility of the second group, it makes a whole lot of sense to focus on looking for the type that we know CAN exist.
Why does a dehydrated brain cause a headache?
Your body is filled with veins and arteries, including your brain. These veins and arteries can get wider or thinner depending on what’s going on (cold/hot, too much/too little water). If you have WAY too little water, the veins and arteries shrink so much that your brain shrinks, and tugs on your skull. Source: google why dehydration headache, website medicalnewstoday
Why is it that food has to be refrigerated to keep it from germs, but if our body catches a cold it gets germs?
When our bodies get cold, our immune systems get weaker. So cold viruses have a better chance of infecting us (especially when everyone around you is sick). As for food, bacteria tends to breed best between 40-140°F (5-60°C). So it's best to keep food below 40°F
What is going on in Nevada primaries and why are people so mad?
There were 64 Sanders delegates who were ineligible based on the information they provided the State Democratic party. Of those 64 only 8 of them showed up to the convention to dispute this and provide documentation. [Only 8 Sanders delegates were denied credentials at NV Dem State Convention; no impact on result](_URL_1_) Essentially everything you heard on reddit is false and the Sanders people spread it. Clinton won Nevada on the caucus day and the results reflected that.
Why American healthcare is so obscenely expensive.
One reason is that the supply chains for medical products contain a number of middle-men and very opaque pricing terms. Thus - $500 for a bag of saline (_URL_0_). Healthcare providers also charge much higher prices for insured people, knowing that they are less price-sensitive given that it isn't an "out of pocket" expense. I imagine this is at least partly to compensate for the uninsured people that never end up paying their bill.
How understanding some basic psychology and realizing the subconscious reasons behind your thoughts influences what you think
Probably depends on the person. For some people, recognizing that you are embedded within physics and biology, that you have the psychological drives that you do because your ancestors were selected by evolution accordingly, can apparently be a real hit to the self-esteem. All your perceptions and thoughts are governed not by objective reality per se, but by survivability and reproductive success. On the other hand — it's also the case that no matter what "weird" facts science comes up with (including psychology, human evolution, etc.), "it all adds up to normality" as Greg Egan puts it. The fact that you have a scientific, evolutionary explanation for why you love your partner, and what biochemical processes in your brain encode the fact of loving your partner, does not change the fact that you *do* love your partner, that you want to go on loving your partner, etc.
Why doesn't our body circulate blood throughout our bodies when we get cold in the same way as when we are doing physical activity of some sort? Wouldn't it help keep our fingers and toes safe from frostbite and things like that?
The body reacts to keep the most blood and body heat in your core and vital organs. If you lose a finger to frostbite you still live. If a vital organ shuts down you don't.
How did we receive images captured by The Voyager I?
Radio waves. It sends it by a transmitter and then very big receivers pick it up.
Considering that the translation of a certain language does not exist yet, where and how do the translators get their knowledge without anything to base from?
There are a few ways. There are rosetta stones, something written down that contains the same text in more than one language. Using the clues and indicators here they can deconstruct the way the language works and begin to translate. If there is a person that speaks the language. For example if I met a French person, despite not speaking french, if they point at a cow and say 'Vache' I could infer that they mean cow. If they point at one cow and say 'un vache' I can infer that's one cow vs 'deux vaches' Then there are people that are raised with multiple languages or learned them later, they are obviously an ideal source of information. Languages tend not to stand alone, they can be grouped into 'families' like local accents they develop over time, so if you can grasp the root of them you can sometimes decipher bits and pieces and work from there. A single one of each of these isn't probably going to get you an entire understanding but multiples of them together should.
What would happen if an adult injected themselves with fetal blood?
What is this question even? If the blood type were compatible, nothing would happen unless the adult needed a blood transfusion. In that case it would help. If the blood type is incompatible, it will reject, and *bad things* happen. Please don't harvest or try to harvest fetal or infant blood. They need it more than you do.
What is the point of the hymen?
In females, much of the reproductive system is formed from structures called the Mullerian ducts. Males have these ducts during development, but they eventually atrophy (waste away). As a result, males don't have a great example of an equivalent structure. In females, the Mullerian ducts are used to form the uterine tubes, uterus, cervix, and part of the vagina (i.e. lots of important reproductive parts). The hymen is essentially just a leftover feature from the development of the Mullerian ducts. In other words, it's just a common byproduct of the other stuff in the area being formed. To the best of my knowledge, it doesn't serve much of a purpose.