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โŒ€
This yeast is responsible for converting sugars such as glucose in food into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.
์ด ํšจ๋ชจ๋Š” ์Œ์‹๋ฌผ ์†์— ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํฌ๋„๋‹น ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹น๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์—ํ‹ธ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ๊ณผ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Itโ€™s such a simple task; you put the wine in a cool place, and it will just ripen over time.
์„ ์„ ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋†“์•„๋‘๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ €์ ˆ๋กœ ํฌ๋„์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ต๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ์ด๋‹ค.
Having microorganisms other than yeast when making alcohol makes it impossible to obtain good alcohol.
์ˆ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ์— ํšจ๋ชจ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์ œ ๋ง›์ด ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆ ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.
Startup culture is actually very similar to operating a small motor first to run a large motor.
์‹œ๋™๋ฐฐ์–‘๋„ ๋”ฐ์ง€๊ณ  ๋ณด๋ฉด ํฐ ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž‘์€ ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ € ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‹ฎ์•˜๋‹ค.
People have long applied this characteristic of yeast to their lives, brewing alcohol and making bread.
์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํšจ๋ชจ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ ๋„ ๋‹ด๊ทธ๊ณ  ๋นต๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ƒํ™œ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
People took rice seeds, which were growing in warm weather without knowing the cold, to areas of higher latitudes for cultivation.
๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ๋‚ ์”จ์— ์ถ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ž๋ผ๋˜ ๋ณ์”จ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ ์ฐจ ์œ„๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
This is because we cannot expect an abundant harvest unless the crop we chose grows well in a good environment.
์„ ํƒํ•œ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์ด ์ข‹์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ž˜ ์ž๋ผ์•ผ ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ’์„ฑํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ™•์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.
Expecting a large harvest from the first year on barren land that is made by plowing and reclaiming raw land does not make sense.
๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ƒ๋•…์„ ๊ฐˆ์•„์—Ž์–ด ๊ฐœ๊ฐ„ํ•œ ์ฒ™๋ฐ•ํ•œ ๋•…์—์„œ ์ฒซํ•ด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜ํ™•์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ง๋„ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
It will not be possible to wait for years and years and take a break while farming until you get the expected harvest.
๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ™•์„ ์–ป์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ช‡ ๋…„์ด๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์ ๋‹นํžˆ ์‰ฌ๋ฉด์„œ ๋†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ๋„ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Farmers say that in soybean farming, beans grow well without much fertilizer.
๋†์‚ฌ์ง“๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์ฝฉ ๋†์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ์ฝฉ์ด ์ž˜ ์ž๋ž€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The bacterium lives in aerious soil and are fond of neutral or weakly alkaline conditions.
์ด ๊ท ์€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ํ™ ์†์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์„ฑ ํ˜น์€ ์•ฝํ•œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„ฑ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Recent findings show that unexpected functions other than nitrogen fixation and circulation are being revealed.
์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ๋Š” ์งˆ์†Œ ๊ณ ์ •๊ณผ ์ˆœํ™˜ ์ด์™ธ์—๋„ ์ „ํ˜€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ์˜์™ธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Yellow moss that had obtained nutrition from the nitrogen fertilizers reproduced along the streaming walls, presenting the yellow color.
์งˆ์†Œ ๋น„๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์„ ์–ป์€ ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ ์ด๋ผ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋น—๋ฌผ์ด ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ˆ„๋Ÿฐ์ƒ‰์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Everyone understands that there is another world of invisible microbes even though they cannot see it.
๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The microorganism world, which is visible only under a microscope, is even smaller than this.
์ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„์•ผ๋งŒ ๊ฒจ์šฐ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ž‘๋‹ค.
As well as other things, one harmful microorganisms that can be pointed out is the putrefactive bacteria that decompose organic matter, including pathogens that cause disease in our body.
ํ•ด๋กœ์šด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์— ๋ณ‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€ํŒจ๊ท ์„ ๊ผฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
We usually use several important properties as a criterion to distinguish the creatures that live around with us.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ์ฃผ์œ„์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.
Regardless of how hard you pull out the grass from your garden or paddy field, it will sprout and grow again the next year as the seeds come flying from somewhere, sometime.
์ •์›์ด๋‚˜ ๋…ผ๋ฐญ์— ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ’€์„ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋ฝ‘์•„๋„ ์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์”จ์•—์ด ๋‚ ์•„๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋‹ค์Œ ํ•ด์— ๋˜ ์‹นํŠธ๊ณ  ์ž๋ผ๋‚œ๋‹ค.
Continuing to develop, biology now analyzes the nucleotide sequence of living things and uses the results to solve many difficult problems.
์–ด์จŒ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์š”์ฆˆ์Œ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
One can even interpret it as that these archaea were situated between the two types of organisms during prokaryotesโ€™ evolution into eukaryotes.
์ด๋“ค ๊ณ ์„ธ๊ท ์€ ์›ํ•ต์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ์ง„ํ•ต์ƒ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์œ„์น˜ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ผ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•ด์„๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.
Viruses do not eat, which means they do not make energy by themselves and therefore do not grow in size over time.
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€๋„ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋„ ๋ชธ์ง‘์ด ์ปค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
People call them by the special name 'prokaryotes', which might be because they think that bacteria have not evolved as much as other living things.
์–ธ๋œป ๋ณด๋ฉด ์„ธ๊ท ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์„œ์ธ์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์„ธ๊ท ์„ โ€˜์›ํ•ต์ƒ๋ฌผโ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
It is common to live in groups in the living world, more so in the case of microorganisms.
๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง“๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด๊ณ , ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•˜๋‹ค.
On the other hand, the rotting of fallen trees and dried grass in a forest actually means that it is the organic matter of the plants that is rotting.
ํ•œํŽธ ์ˆฒ ์†์—์„œ ์“ฐ๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋งˆ๋ฅธํ’€์ด ์ฉ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋”ฐ์ง€๊ณ  ๋ณด๋ฉด ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ์ฉ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Whether the members of the microbiome do good or bad things, that is the way of life for individual microbes. .
๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ง‘์•ˆ์˜ ์‹๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜์œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚˜๋ฆ„๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด๋‹ค.
If we learn and study how various microorganisms live, we can use them in a much positive way. .
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋“ ์ง€ ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Special microorganisms can be used to create new drugs, and be used to break down pollutants more easily and quickly that harms the environment. .
ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•ฝํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ํ•ด์น˜๋Š” ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Retaining and maintaining hygiene around our surroundings is the same as preventing our body from getting sick.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ƒํ™œ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ์œ„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์ด ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋ง‰๋Š” ์ผ๊ณผ ํ†ตํ•œ๋‹ค.
Of course as well as clothes, they would have created a place to live by building a shelter that can keep them safe from the rain and wind. .
๋ฌผ๋ก  ์˜ท๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋น„๋ฐ”๋žŒ์„ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์›€๋ง‰์„ ์ง€์–ด ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ„ฐ์ „๋„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Among the material states of solid, liquid, and gas, it is difficult for any microorganism to live with freedom in a hard, solid state. .
๊ณ ์ฒด, ์•ก์ฒด, ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ƒํƒœ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์—์„œ ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฒด ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์‚ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํž˜๋“ค๋‹ค.
Most liquids exhibit the properties of water, with their properties varying by whether the water is alkaline, acidic, or somewhere in between.
์•ก์ฒด๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ฌผ์ด ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์ธ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ ์„ฑ์งˆ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค.
Digestive diseases caused by water or food tend to show symptoms of food poisoning since it is affected by toxins produced by pathogens.
ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ์Œ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์†Œํ™”๊ธฐ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์€ ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋…์†Œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‹์ค‘๋… ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.
Although the clothes we wear all the time are clean when first worn, they stain and become dirty over time.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ท์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ž…์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€์„œ ๋”๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์ง€๊ธฐ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด๋‹ค.
This protease effectively decomposed stains made by proteins while remaining mostly unaffected by other laundry ingredients.
์ด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํšจ์†Œ๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ์–ผ๋ฃฉ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธํƒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ๋ณ„๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
Washing with a good detergent removes various particles that is trapped between the threads of the fabric which makes it soft.
์ข‹์€ ์„ธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋นจ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜ท๊ฐ์˜ ์˜ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ฐ‡ํžŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ท๊ฐ์„ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค.
From long time ago, the most important thing people considered in a living space was whether the air was fresh and there was sufficient natural light.
์˜›๋‚ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ ์„ ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ๊ด‘์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋น„์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์˜€๋‹ค.
It is even more so if you look at how the meals sold by lunch box companies in Korea come with soup put in a warming container.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋„์‹œ๋ฝ ์—…์ฒด์—์„œ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ์‹์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ณด์˜จ ์šฉ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ด์€ ๊ตญ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋„ฃ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ๋ณด์•„๋„ ๋”์šฑ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค.
The personโ€™s quick hand movement is thought to be possible because the steam from steaming rice cakes is clearly lower than the boiling water temperature.
๋–ก์„ ์ช„๋‚ธ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋“๋Š” ๋ฌผ ์˜จ๋„๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋‚ฎ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์žฝ์‹ผ ์†๋†€๋ฆผ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Mesophilic bacteria cannot survive well at this temperature, so one can expect a sterilizing effect from it.
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋„์˜ ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘์˜จ๊ท ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์˜จ๋„์ด๋‹ˆ, ๊ทธ ์˜จ๋„๋กœ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์‚ด๊ท  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ๋งŒํ•˜๋‹ค.
It can be said the word disinfection is rather closer to the word sterilization in terms of killing hospital microbes.
๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ณ‘์› ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฃฝ์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์†Œ๋…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์€ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์‚ด๊ท ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง๊ณผ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค.
Alcohol has an osmotic ability, which means that it can penetrate the membrane of the surface of microorganisms attached to the skin to coagulate the protein and kill it.
์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์€ ์‚ผํˆฌ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ˜น์‹œ๋ผ๋„ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ๋ง‰์„ ๋šซ๊ณ  ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ์‘๊ณ ์‹œ์ผœ ์ฃฝ์—ฌ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.
Chlorine, which is the most commonly used disinfectant, is mainly used in water supply and sewage treatment plants due to its cheap cost and easiness to transport.
์†Œ๋…์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ผ์†Œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์‹ธ๊ณ  ์šด๋ฐ˜์ด ์‰ฌ์šฐ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ•˜์ˆ˜์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค.
If it is to prevent the invasion of microorganisms completely like a sterilization method in a limited small space, it is entirely possible.
๋น„๋ก ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์ž‘์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ด๊ท  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์นจ์ž…์„ ์ฒ ์ €ํžˆ ๋ง‰๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋“ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Capital, technology, and information, which are invisible, are constantly moving in addition to people coming and going directly.
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง์ ‘ ์˜ค๊ณ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด์™ธ์—๋„ ํ˜•์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์‹œ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
While some of the foods on the market are packaged, most vegetables and fruits are showing the way they are.
์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ํ’ˆ ์ค‘์—๋Š” ํฌ์žฅ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ฑ„์†Œ๋‚˜ ๊ณผ์ผ์€ ์ œ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
We have been making dried fish for literally thousands of years and have made food using them but did not get sick at all.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑด์–ด๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์Œ์‹์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋จน์—ˆ์–ด๋„ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ํƒˆ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The bacteriostatic action uses chemical or biological substances to stop the growth of bacteria without involving any sterilization action that directly kills the bacteria.
ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์„ธ๊ท ์˜ ๋ฐœ์œก์„ ์ €์ง€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๊ท ์ž‘์šฉ์ธ๋ฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ท ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ์ฃฝ์ด๋Š” ์‚ด๊ท ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ์—†๋‹ค.
The bacteriostatic action aims to damage the essential metabolism of microorganisms by using antibiotics, etc., eventually killing them.
์ •๊ท ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์ž‘์šฉ์— ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์ณ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฃฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
This method has evolved toward the easiest inhibition of the growth and proliferation of microorganisms rather than completely sterilizing them.
์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฉธ๊ท ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ฆ์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์–ต์ œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
An organic substance in which hydrogen molecules are tightly bound together around carbon molecules without leaving any gaps is called an alkane.
์œ ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ถ„์ž๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๊ฝ‰ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋“ฏ์ด ์ˆ˜์†Œ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋นˆํ‹ˆ์—†์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์•Œ์นธ์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
When we make wine at home, we first remove foreign substances, rub the grapes, and mash them, or put them in a jar as they are.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์•ˆ์—์„œ ํฌ๋„์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ฌผ์งˆ๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•œ ํ›„์— ํฌ๋„๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ ์œผ๊นจ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•ญ์•„๋ฆฌ์— ๋‹ด์•„ ๋‘”๋‹ค.
The purpose of storing the wine jars in a cool place is also to adjust the environment to be below 30โ„ƒ, which makes the wine ferment well.
ํฌ๋„์ฃผ ํ•ญ์•„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ์„ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ๋†“์•„๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํฌ๋„์ฃผ ๋ฐœํšจ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋˜๋Š” 30โ„ƒ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ด๋‹ค.
It adds a little bit of sugar, which can be immediately used for fermentation, to help the yeast do so.
ํšจ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐœํšจ์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์„คํƒ•์„ ๋„ฃ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
In order to make makgeolli, glutinous or non-glutinous rice is soaked in water, and rice steamed in a steamer is mixed with the yeast.
๋ง‰๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ทธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ฐน์Œ€์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฉฅ์Œ€ ๋”ฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ์— ๋ถˆ๋ ค์„œ ์‹œ๋ฃจ์— ์ฐ ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฃฉ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฒ„๋ฌด๋ ค ๋„ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค.
I learned later that since soybeans coexist with the root-knot bacteria belonging to the genus Rhizobium, they obtain the nutrients made by the root-knot bacteria and live happily.
๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•ˆ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฝฉ์€ ๋ฆฌ์กฐ๋น„์›€์†์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌํ˜น๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ๊ณต์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌํ˜น๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์„ ์–ป์–ด ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค.
The fact that nitrogen-fixing microbes offer approximately 60% of nitrogen component to plants is almost beyond what we expect.
์งˆ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ์•ฝ 60% ์ •๋„์˜ ์งˆ์†Œ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ์‹๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค.
As moss have covered the exterior walls of the cathedral over a long time, the cathedral gives off a more antique style.
์ด ์„ฑ๋‹น์€ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋ฒฝ์— ์ด๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฎ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณ ํ’์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ’๊ธด๋‹ค.
Moss forms a velvety layer of protection when it takes root on stone to reproduce, perfectly preserving even stone sculptures.
์ด๋ผ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋Œ์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฒจ๋ฒณ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ง‰์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์กฐ๊ฐ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค.
Since the size of viruses is generally in the nanometer unit, they can be said to be living in a world smaller than the world of bacteria.
๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ใŽš ๋‹จ์œ„์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์„ธ๊ท ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋” ์ž‘์€ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If you look closely, you can see that even microbes, which are so small that their movement is hardly noticed, leave traces of living.
๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ž‘์•„์„œ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์กฐ์ฐจ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ”์ ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The traces that microorganisms leave behind tell us where they live even when we cannot see them ourselves.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚จ๊ธด ํ”์ ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Just as we have to find the food, clothing, and housing necessary for us to live, all living things and microorganisms also go out to find their own necessary life conditions.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์˜์‹์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค๋„ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‚ถ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋‚˜์„ ๋‹ค.
All living things are constantly trying to find a way to invest the least possible energy to live effectively in their given environments.
๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์†์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์—ฌ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๊ฒฐ๊ฐ™์ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Widely referred to as pathogens for they cause disease, bacteria prefer food in a liquid state as well as a solid state.
๋ณ‘์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์„ธ๊ท ์€ ๊ณ ์ฒด ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์•ก์ฒด ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๋” ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Dividing microorganisms into fungi, bacteria, and viruses is also a way we use to classify them conveniently based on the types of pathogens that are known to us.
๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ณฐํŒก์ด, ์„ธ๊ท , ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ด์ œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ณ‘์›๊ท  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค.
Various organelles in the cell are also surrounded by membranes, serving unique roles and functions like these.
์„ธํฌ ์•ˆ์— ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์†Œ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค๋„ ๋ง‰์— ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์ธ ์ฑ„๋กœ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
It is different in that the nucleus, which has genetic information, is not surrounded by a membrane but in a disordered state within the cell.
๊ทธ ์œ ์ „์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ต์ด ๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์—ฌ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์„ธํฌ ์•ˆ์— ํํŠธ๋Ÿฌ์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋ผ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
We call them prokaryotes since 'the bacteria still have nuclei that have not been fully changed', and bacteria are called prokaryotes.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ โ€˜์„ธ๊ท ์ด ์•„์ง ๋œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋œ ํ•ต์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹คโ€™๊ณ  ํ•˜์—ฌ ์›ํ•ต์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ณ , ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ธ๊ท ์„ ์›ํ•ต์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes undoubtedly have a fundamental difference that can be seen in growth and proliferation occurring in the world of living things.
์›ํ•ต์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ง„ํ•ต์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์—๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ƒ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ฆ์‹์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ํ‹€๋ฆผ์ด ์—†๋‹ค.
Believing they were probably microbes that lived in conditions similar to those on Earth in ancient times, researchers named them archaea.
์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์•„์ฃผ ์˜›๋‚  ์ง€๊ตฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์„ธ๊ท ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ถ™์˜€๋‹ค. .
These microorganisms are sometimes identified as 'special function fungi' or 'special function bacteria' for clarity if they are fungi or bacteria.
์ด๋“ค ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ์ง„๊ท ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ธ๊ท ์ผ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” โ€˜ํŠน์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ง„๊ท โ€™์ด๋‚˜ โ€˜ํŠน์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์„ธ๊ท โ€™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Since these vehicles embody the image of Hyundai cars, they look similar to one another, especially in the front and rear views.
์ด๋“ค ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋“ค์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€์ฐจ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ์— ์„œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๊ณ , ํŠนํžˆ ์•ž๋ชจ์Šต์ด๋‚˜ ๋’ท๋ชจ์Šต์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‹ฎ์•„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Cars, whose parts are assembled in factories to produce several units at once, are powered by fuel such as gasoline or diesel to move around.
๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์„ ์กฐ๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊บผ๋ฒˆ์— ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋Š” ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์œ ๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋จน๊ณ  ํž˜์„ ์–ป์–ด ์ด๋ฆฌ์ €๋ฆฌ ์›€์ง์ธ๋‹ค.
The whole process looks similar to the car production process, but the virus is unique in that it chooses its own descendants.
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ›„์†์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŠน์ง•์ด๋‹ค.
Viruses are included in the category of living things since they are situated between living and non-living things and, although only partially, have the properties of living things.
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋ฌด์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ์กด์žฌ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์— ๋„ฃ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Viruses are always taken as an example to explain the characteristics of living and non-living things, which earned them the nickname 'living genetic material'.
๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋ฌด์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…๋˜๋Š” ์กด์žฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, โ€˜์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ „๋ฌผ์งˆโ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋ช…์„ ์–ป๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The reason for this may be that the unique properties of viruses render them indispensable when understanding microorganisms.
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์›Œ๋‚™ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ๋นผ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์กด์žฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Looking at algae flourishing, people can conversely see that there has been an increase in pollutants, the feed of algae.
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋จน์ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
People call the decomposition of plants as not decomposing, but decay, and the microorganisms involved in this process are called 'decaying microorganisms'.
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋ผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํ›„๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ์ผ์ปฌ์–ด โ€˜๋ถ€ํ›„ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผโ€™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
Like the detergent that includes microbial enzymes not only enhance the function of laundry but also enhance the beauty and elegance of clothes.
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ํšจ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์„ธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์„ธํƒ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋งŒ ๋†’์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์˜ท์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€๊ณผ ์šฐ์•„ํ•จ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค.
Naturally, the house was built to face south, with the gate facing east, and the doors and windows large enough to allow more sunlight to come in.
์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‚จํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘์„ ์ง“๊ณ  ๋™ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ํ–‡๋น›์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋„๋ก ๊พธ๋ช„๋‹ค.
The reactions of microorganisms to bactericidal action vary by type, with some exhibiting specific resistance to certain factors.
๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ด๊ท  ์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ , ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ ์ธ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
While the terms sterilization and disinfection are used to indicate similar meanings, they have a slight difference and are differentiated in some cases.
์‚ด๊ท ๊ณผ ๋ฉธ๊ท ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋œป์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ด์„œ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
A sterilized product, in any case, can remain sterile as long as it is not in contact with the outside.
์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋“ ์ง€ ๋ฉธ๊ท  ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์™€ ํ†ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฉธ๊ท  ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Repeating heat treatment for three days or more to sterilize food or microbial cultures is not just time-consuming but is easily forgotten sometimes.
์Œ์‹๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์•ก์„ ๋ฉธ๊ท ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์‚ฌํ˜ ๋™์•ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
It uses pasteurization so that it can sufficiently remove only harmful pathogenic microorganisms at a lower temperature, rather than boiling food, which reduces nutrients.
์Œ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ๊ตณ์ด ๋“์—ฌ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ ํ•ด๋กœ์šด ๋ณ‘์› ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋งŒ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์ €์˜จ์‚ด๊ท ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.
Steaming rice cakes is obviously done by using hot steam; it is not as hot as boiling water though.
๋–ก์„ ์ฐŒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋“๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Canning, which was invented in the West, is a method where food is put in a can, sterilized using heat, and then sealed with a lid to prevent contamination.
์„œ์–‘์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ํ†ต์กฐ๋ฆผ์€ ์‹ํ’ˆ์„ ๊นกํ†ต์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์—ด์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•ด ์‚ด๊ท ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์˜ค์—ผ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋šœ๊ป‘์„ ๋ฎ์–ด ๋ฐ€๋ด‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค.
The different approaches to microbes between the East and the West may be caused by people's way of life.
๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋™์–‘๊ณผ ์„œ์–‘์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Is sterilization possible in the kitchen?-Antibacterial products and microorganisms Korea has made remarkable progress in various fields in recent years to such an extent that even we are surprised by them.
๋ถ€์—Œ์—์„œ ๋ฌด๊ท ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๊ฐ€?-ํ•ญ๊ท ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ทผ๋ž˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Ÿฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋„ ๋†€๋ž„ ๋งŒํผ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ด๋ฃฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
Fish is placed on ice and meat is kept in the refrigerator so that they can maintain somewhat safe and sanitary conditions, of course.
๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ƒ์„ ์€ ์–ผ์Œ ์œ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋†“๊ณ , ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ  ์•ˆ์— ๋„ฃ์–ด๋‘๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„๋Œ€๋กœ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์œ„์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Maybe these dried fish seem very unsanitary to foreignersโ€™ eyes, leading them to think eating such food will make them sick.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฑด์–ด๋ฌผ์ด ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์—๋Š” ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๋น„์œ„์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์„œ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์Œ์‹์„ ๋จน์œผ๋ฉด ๋ณ‘์—๋ผ๋„ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์–‘์ด๋‹ค.
This result, which means that the more deeply humans are involved in it, the higher the number of microorganisms, is something we need to reflect on.
์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์†์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊นŠ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
The period between late May and early June, from late spring to the beginning of summer, is the time of the year with the highest number of food poisoning cases.
ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋Šฆ์€ ๋ด„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” 5์›”๋ง์—์„œ 6์›”์ดˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์ผ๋…„ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ์‹์ค‘๋… ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ด๋‹ค.
I often imagine how wonderful it would be if these things called microbes, which do nothing but harm us, vanished altogether as if they had planned.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋งŒ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์•ฝ์†์ด๋‚˜ ํ•œ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•œ๊บผ๋ฒˆ์— ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ข‹์„๊นŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ๋„ ํ•ด๋ณธ๋‹ค.
Antibiotics, which are metabolites produced by microorganisms, are able to inhibit the growth of other microorganisms or kill them, as we already know.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•ญ์ƒ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ์œก์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฃฝ์ด๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค.
On the contrary, the process by which microorganisms specifically decompose protein component, which is an organic matter we intend to use, to give off a foul odor is called decay.
์ด์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์—์„œ๋„ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ ์•…์ทจ๋ฅผ ํ’๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
A lot of people, for instance, mistakenly believe that the white substances on grape skins are agricultural chemicals.
์ผ๋ก€๋กœ ํฌ๋„๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํฌ๋„๊ป์งˆ์— ๋ฌป์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํฐ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋†์•ฝ์ด๋ผ ์ž˜๋ชป ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค.
It would be not alcohol but rotten water if different types of microorganisms lived together and produced different tastes.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง›์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฉ์€ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Beer, which is made from barley, also needs to go through the saccharification process for it to be used by yeast before fermentation.
๋ณด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์›๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋งฅ์ฃผ๋„ ๋ฐœํšจ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํšจ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋‹นํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ด๋‹ค.