Datasets:
sohomghosh
/
FinRAD_Financial_Readability_Assessment_Dataset

Dataset card Data Studio Files Community
1
terms
stringlengths
1
156
definitions
stringlengths
3
4.2k
source
stringclasses
15 values
assigned_readability
int64
0
1
flesch_reading_ease
float64
-301.79
121
flesch_kincaid_grade
float64
-3.5
55.6
smog_index
float64
0
26.5
coleman_liau_index
float64
-33.81
51.4
automated_readability_index
float64
-6.9
65
dale_chall_readability_score
float64
0.1
35.3
linsear_write_formula
float64
-0.5
73
gunning_fog
float64
0.4
56
GIB
See GUARANTEED INCOME BOND.
palgrave
0
50.5
7.2
0
10.15
8.8
11.73
2
11.6
GILT
See -EDGED STOCK.
palgrave
0
119.19
-2.7
0
-0.46
3.6
9.05
0.5
1.2
GINI COEFFICIENT
A statistical measure developed by Italian statistician Corrado Gini that measures the INCOME DISTRIBUTION within an economic system. A Gini coefficient of 0.0 reflects perfect equality in INCOME distri- bution, while a coefficient of 1.0 indicates perfect inequality. Also known asINDEX OF CONCENTRATION.
palgrave
0
14.66
14.8
14.6
16.64
14.6
12.79
11.166667
15.95
GINNIE MAE
See GOVERNMENT NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION (GNMA).
palgrave
0
-27.68
18.6
0
21.68
18.4
14.46
5
15.73
GIVE-UP
A brokered TRADE executed on behalf on another party; once exe- cuted, the name of the party to the trade is “given up” by the BROKER to the trader so that the proper party of record can be recorded. See also BLIND BROKERING.
palgrave
0
66.57
9.3
0
6.73
9.4
8.01
12.25
10.46
GLASS-STEAGALL ACT
US Federal legislation enacted in 1933 to separate banking powers in the aftermath of the 1929 STOCK market crash. Glass-Steagall
palgrave
0
34.26
13.5
0
14.04
14.5
11.73
15
16
GLOBAL BOND
A BOND that is issued simultaneously in a domestic mar- ket and the EUROMARKETS. Global bonds, which may be FIXED RATE or FLOATING RATE and carry MATURITIES ranging from 1 to 30 years, are gen- erally issued by large, well-known CORPORATIONS or supranationals that have international operations and broad name recognition. See also DRAGON, EUROBOND.
palgrave
0
44.44
11.6
13.6
12.76
13
11.72
12.5
14.59
GLOBAL MACRO
A common HEDGE FUND strategy where a manager makes use of macroeconomic analysis to create an INVESTMENT strategy. Global macro strategies can invest broadly, on a cross-border basis, in FOREIGN EXCHANGE, INTEREST RATES, EQUITIES, CREDITS, and COMMODITIES.
palgrave
0
35.78
12.9
0
15.78
15.8
13.94
14.25
14.97
GLOBAL MEDIUM-TERM NOTE
A MEDIUM-TERM NOTE (MTN) that is issued simultaneously in a domestic market and the EUROMARKETS, typically through a registered filing that allows for issuance at will. As with a standard MTN, a global issue can be denominated in one of several CURRENCIES and carry fixed or floating COUPONS with MATURITIES extending from 1 to 30 years.
palgrave
0
34.6
15.4
0
11.49
16.3
11.79
19
17.63
GLOBAL OFFERING
Any NEW ISSUE of SECURITIES that involves selling, placing, and listing in more than one market, and which may involve more than one issuing CURRENCY.
palgrave
0
46.1
13
0
11.32
14.8
10.56
15.5
14.8
GLOBEX
An electronic TRADING platform, launched in 1992, allowing for 24-hour TRADING in specific EXCHANGE-TRADED DERIVATIVES. The initiative was developed and sponsored by the CHICAGO MERCANTILE EXCHANGE, which ultimately made use of the technology platform developed by the Paris Bourse (now part of NYSE EURONEXT).
palgrave
0
32.22
14.2
0
16.71
18.2
11.9
16.5
16.98
GMBH
See GESELLSCHAFT MIT BESCHRÄNKTER HAFTUNG.
palgrave
0
83.32
2.9
0
21.2
16.9
16.52
1.5
2
GMRA
See GLOBAL MASTER REPURCHASE AGREEMENT.
palgrave
0
32.56
10
0
17.72
14
13.36
2.5
10
GNMA
See GOVERNMENT NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION.
palgrave
0
-35.13
19.4
0
24.68
19.7
13.36
4.5
18
GNOME
A 15-year PARTICIPATION CERTIFICATE issued by the FEDERAL HOME LOAN MORTGAGE CORPORATION. See also DWARF, MIDGET.
palgrave
0
37.98
10
0
14.46
11.4
11.93
5
13.2
GNOMES OF ZURICH
A reference to Swiss BANKERS, attributable pri- marily to their secrecy.
palgrave
0
43.39
9.9
0
12.62
10.6
14.23
8.5
18.95
GO BOND
See GENERAL OBLIGATION BOND.
palgrave
0
33.58
9.6
0
11.6
10
11.73
3
11.6
GOING CONCERN VALUE
A fundamental ACCOUNTING principle based on the premise that a company intends to operate as a continuing business (going concern) and will not be liquidated, meaning that its ASSETS should be valued at historical cost rather than at liquidation value. See also GOING CONCERN CONCEPT.
palgrave
0
31.72
14.4
0
13.29
14.9
10.37
15.75
16.11
GOING LONG
The act of creating a LONG POSITION in an ASSET or a mar- ket. See also FLATTENING, GOING SHORT.
palgrave
0
70.29
5.8
0
3.51
2.7
9.09
5.25
10.12
GOING PRIVATE
The process of taking a PUBLIC COMPANY out of the public markets, typically through the acquisition of outstanding SHARES and delisting from a STOCK EXCHANGE. Going private may require the assump- tion of a significant amount of DEBT (to purchase outstanding shares), as in a LEVERAGED BUYOUT. See also GOING PUBLIC.
palgrave
0
54.22
9.9
11.2
11.77
11.7
9.43
10.5
9.94
GOING PUBLIC
The process of taking a PRIVATE COMPANY to the pub- lic markets, typically through an INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING. By making the company public, those previously providing CAPITAL (e.g., original owners, VENTURE CAPITAL funds) convert their stakes into marketable SHARES, which they may retain or sell. See also GOING PRIVATE.
palgrave
0
46.47
10.8
13
13.34
13.1
11.21
11.166667
10.6
GOING SHORT
The act of creating a SHORT POSITION in an ASSET or a mar- ket. See also FLATTENING, GOING LONG.
palgrave
0
70.29
5.8
0
3.51
2.7
9.09
5.25
10.12
GOLD
A precious metal that serves as a store of value and MEDIUM OF EXCHANGE. Gold is an actively traded COMMODITY, and can be bought and sold physically as bullion, coins, jewelry, or financially through cash-settled FUTURES, OPTIONS, and other DERIVATIVES.
palgrave
0
42.72
12.3
0
12.47
13.8
10.55
13.5
14
GOLD BUG
An INVESTOR that holds a BULLISH view on the price of gold and invests in gold either through physical metal or via gold-related STOCKS or EXCHANGE-TRADED FUNDS.
palgrave
0
60.99
11.5
0
11.38
15.6
10.82
16.5
13.76
GOLD FIXING
The process of establishing the price of GOLD in the London Bullion Market, which occurs at 10:30 a.m. and 3 p.m. every busi- ness day through the settling of buying and selling amongst authorizedDEALERS.
palgrave
0
53.89
14.2
0
11.09
19.3
13.22
19
15.95
GOLD RESERVES
The RESERVES of a country held in the form of GOLD, typically stored at a centralized repository. Such reserves can be used for spe- cific purposes, such as INTERVENTION in the FOREIGN EXCHANGE markets; they can also be lent to other countries for defined periods of time.
palgrave
0
47.62
12.5
0
10.16
13
9.84
14.75
14.51
GOLDBRICKS
COMMON STOCKS that appear to be financially sound on the surface, but which feature little substance when examined more closely.
palgrave
0
51.18
11.1
0
13.75
14.2
10.16
12
12
GOLDEN HANDCUFFS
A compensation package intended to induce an executive to remain at a company; if the executive departs, some or all of the benefits conveyed through the golden handcuffs may have to be returned. See also GOLDEN HANDSHAKE, GOLDEN HELLO, GOLDEN PARACHUTE.
palgrave
0
42.21
12.5
0
12.13
13.4
8.89
13.25
12.1
GOLDEN HANDSHAKE
A compensation clause that gives an execu- tive a substantial guaranteed payout in the event of termination or dismissal (other than “for cause”). See also GOLDEN HANDCUFFS, GOLDEN HELLO, GOLDEN PARACHUTE.
palgrave
0
47.28
10.5
0
13.86
12.9
11.03
10.25
12.65
GOLDEN HELLO
An upfront compensation package granted to an executive joining from another firm; depending on the structure of the pack- age it may serve as a “buy out” of the package being left at the prior company, and thus limit the effectiveness of long-term, performance-driven financial rewards. See also GOLDEN HANDCUFFS, GOLDEN HANDSHAKE, GOLDEN PARACHUTE.
palgrave
0
35.61
15
0
13.81
18
10.24
17.5
15.24
GOLDEN PARACHUTE
A compensation clause that gives top execu- tives guaranteed payouts in the event they lose their jobs through a FRIENDLY TAKEOVER or HOSTILE TAKEOVER. See also GOLDEN HANDCUFFS, GOLDEN HANDSHAKE, GOLDEN HELLO.
palgrave
0
63.7
8.4
0
13.98
12.9
10.84
8.5
10.15
GOLDEN SHARE
A SHARE or block of shares in a company conveying extraordinary VOTING RIGHTS, allowing for de-facto control. Golden sharesare typically held for a period of time by a government in a company that is undergoing PRIVATIZATION.
palgrave
0
27.83
13.9
0
12.41
12.4
10.67
14.5
14.98
GOOD DELIVERY
A SECURITY/certificate with all necessary details and ENDORSEMENTS that allows accurate and efficient transfer of TITLE from one party to another.
palgrave
0
16.32
16.2
0
16.94
17.3
11.45
16.5
19.83
GOOD FOR MONTH ORDER
A LIMIT ORDER or STOP ORDER to buy or sell a SECURITY that remains in effect until the end of the current month.
palgrave
0
65.05
9.9
0
5.46
8.5
8.21
12.5
10.94
GOOD MONEY
Any source of funds that is available for immediate use, such as FEDERAL FUNDS.
palgrave
0
74.19
6.4
0
8.63
7.8
9.97
8
11.31
GOOD TILL CANCELLED ORDER
A LIMIT ORDER for the purchase or sale of a SECURITY at a specific price that remains in effect until the price target is met and the TRADE is executed, or is otherwise cancelled by the individual or institution placing the order. Also known as OPEN ORDER. See also DAY ORDER, MARKET ORDER, STOP ORDER.
palgrave
0
52.9
10.4
11.2
8.24
9
7.99
11.166667
10.96
GOVERNMENT BILL
A MONEY MARKET instrument issued by a governmen- tal authority as a funding mechanism and a tool for conducting MONETARY POLICY. Bills are often issued on a DISCOUNT, rather than COUPON-bearing, basis, and typically have MATURITIES extending from 1 week to 1 year. Those issued by governments of industrialized nations are considered to be highly LIQUID and extremely creditworthy, with virtually no risk of DEFAULT. See also GOVERNMENT BOND.FEDERAL HOME LOAN MORTGAGE CORPORATION, FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION.
palgrave
0
26.51
14.4
16.8
15.26
15.4
11.98
15.375
18.11
GOVERNMENT STOCK
In the United Kingdom, GILT-EDGED SECURITIES issued by the government. See also GOVERNMENT BOND.
palgrave
0
38.99
9.6
0
12.77
10
9.62
4
5.66
GP
See GENERAL PARTNERSHIP.
palgrave
0
9.21
12.7
0
15.03
14.6
9.05
2.5
14.53
GPM
See GRADUATED PAYMENT MORTGAGE.
palgrave
0
8.2
13.1
0
15.95
13.5
11.73
2
11.6
GRACE PERIOD
(1) The additional days permitted for payment on a BILL OF EXCHANGE or certain types of CREDIT facilities once the due date has passed.(2) See CURE PERIOD.
palgrave
0
52.53
12.6
0
9.46
14.6
10.82
17.5
16.73
GRADING
The standards applied in defining the quality of a COMMODITY in order to ensure consistency in pricing, trading, and delivery under both physical and DERIVATIVE CONTRACTS.
palgrave
0
19.71
17
0
14.92
18
12.82
19
19.63
GRAINS
The general group of COMMODITIES referencing wheat, corn, soybeans, maize, oats, oilseed, beans, rice, and sorghum. See also COMMODITY DERIVATIVE, SOFTS.
palgrave
0
52.36
8.6
0
14.94
13.6
11.68
6.75
11.82
GRANNY BOND
In the United Kingdom, an issue of GILTS with an enhanced COUPON or TAX benefits that is only available to INVESTORS that have reached a pensionable age.
palgrave
0
60.99
11.5
0
9.87
14.2
10.24
15.5
13.76
GRANTOR TRUST
In the United States, a TRUST in which the income gener- ated by INVESTMENT activities is taxed at the level of the individual rather than the trust itself.
palgrave
0
51.52
13
0
9.12
14.3
8.41
17
15.49
GRAVEYARD MARKET
A phase appearing at the end of a prolonged BEAR MARKET where INVESTORS have sustained large losses and new inves- tors are unwilling to commit CAPITAL; volumes are extremely light, and dir- ection may be uncertain.
palgrave
0
43.4
16.2
0
11.5
20.1
11.56
23
17.73
GRAY KNIGHT
A second unsolicited bidder in a HOSTILE TAKEOVER transaction that attempts to take advantage of the TARGET company’s reluc- tance to accept the BLACK KNIGHT’s original BID by offering slightly more “attractive” terms. See also WHITE KNIGHT, WHITE SQUIRE.
palgrave
0
51.68
10.9
0
14.39
14.5
12.3
13.25
14.98
GREEKS
RISK measures for DERIVATIVES that are used to deter- mine the price sensitivity of CONTRACTS to changes in the UNDERLYING ASSET (DELTA, GAMMA), VOLATILITY (VEGA), passage of time (THETA), and INTEREST RATES (RHO). The greeks of individual contracts can be added to determine the sensitivities of an entire PORTFOLIO, allowing for efficientpricing and RISK MANAGEMENT. The general impact on the value of an option for a unit increase in the relevant variable is given as:Also known as OPTION SENSITIVITIES.
palgrave
0
36.32
14.7
15.9
13.12
17.3
11.74
18.166667
17.1
GREENBACK
The US dollar.
palgrave
0
93.81
0.9
0
-4.29
-1.2
0.15
0.5
1.2
GREENMAIL
A targeted repurchase by a company of a block of its own COMMON STOCK from a corporate RAIDER or hostile acquirer, gener- ally at a PREMIUM to the current market price. Greenmail payments, which were prevalent during the TAKEOVER cycle of the 1980s, are not common in the marketplace of the millennium as certain legal/regulatory regimes have deemed such payments illegal.
palgrave
0
40.52
15.2
0
12.31
17.9
11.36
20.25
18.1
GREENSHOE
An OPTION granted by an issuing company to the SYNDICATE UNDERWRITING a NEW ISSUE of EQUITY, which permits the syndicate to sell additional shares as part of the PRIMARY MARKET offering in the face of excessive DEMAND, up to a maximum amount defined in advance. Also known as OVERALLOTMENT OPTION, SHOE.GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT.
palgrave
0
27.66
16
0
12.36
16.2
11.21
19.75
18.9
GROSS INCOME
(1) An individual’s income, before deductions and exemp- tions. (2). A company’s top level results, computed as pretax sales or REVENUE less COST OF GOODS SOLD. (2) Also known as GROSS PROFIT. (2) See alsoOPERATING INCOME
palgrave
0
44.75
11.5
0
9.97
11.9
11.11
11.5
12.76
GROSS INTEREST
INTEREST paid or received, excluding the impact ofTAXES.
palgrave
0
29.52
11.1
0
14.46
11.4
13.9
6
18.2
GROSS LEASE
A form of LEASE in which the LESSEE is only responsible for paying the LESSOR lease rental payments, while the lessor pays generalexpenses, maintenance, and TAXES. OPERATING LEASES are typically created as gross leases, while CAPITAL LEASES are not. See also NET LEASE.
palgrave
0
56.96
8.9
11.9
11.82
10.6
10.22
8.5
11.3
GROSS LINE
The total amount of INSURANCE cover an INSURER will UNDERWRITE on a particular RISK, including the amount to be CEDED viaREINSURANCE.
palgrave
0
33.24
13.8
0
13.4
14.4
11.45
16.5
19.83
GROSS MARGIN
A measure of a company’s ability to translate REVENUES into GROSS PROFITS (i.e., revenues after removing the costs of producing the goods/services), typically calculated as:where GP is gross profit, Rev is revenue.The higher the gross margin, the greater the company’s ability to convert its revenues into profits.
palgrave
0
15.31
22.8
0
15.22
28.9
13.02
31.5
23.91
GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT (GNP)
A measure of the goods and services produced by a country, regardless of location. Since this measure includes goods and services that are produced outside national borders, it is broader than the GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT measure.
palgrave
0
53.21
10.3
0
12.87
12.8
9.35
11
11.64
GROSS PREMIUM
A measure of an INSURER’s total profitability from INSURANCE UNDERWRITING activities (before EXPENSES), or the total of NET PREMIUMS plus load factors, computed as:where Pr is premium (net), OpE is OPERATING EXPENSE, and AC is AGENT COMMISSIONS.The greater the gross premium, the larger the amount of business being underwritten. Also known as GROSS PREMIUM WRITTEN, GROSS WRITTEN PREMIUM. See also FAIR PREMIUM.
palgrave
0
33.54
13.7
16.3
14.16
15.6
10.52
15.666667
16.02
GROSS PROFIT
See GROSS INCOME.
palgrave
0
93.81
0.9
0
1.52
3.6
9.05
0.5
1.2
GROSS RATE
See FAIR PREMIUM.
palgrave
0
59.97
5.6
0
1.52
3.6
9.05
1.5
14.53
GROSS REDEMPTION YIELD
In the United Kingdom, YIELD TO MATURITY.
palgrave
0
55.91
7.2
0
7.37
5.6
8.5
3.5
8.51
GROSS SPREAD
See UNDERWRITING SPREAD.
palgrave
0
34.59
9.2
0
15.03
14.6
9.05
1.5
14.53
GROSS WORKING CAPITAL
The sum of a company’s CURRENT ASSETS and CURRENT LIABILITIES. See also NET WORKING CAPITAL, WORKING CAPITAL.
palgrave
0
37.47
10.1
0
11.33
8.6
8.7
5.25
8.11
GROSS YIELD
The YIELD on a SECURITY or INVESTMENT before deduct- ing TAXES and costs associated with acquiring the ASSET. See also NET YIELD.
palgrave
0
51.85
8.8
0
9.2
7.2
11.36
6.5
11.67
GROUP CAPTIVE
A CAPTIVE formed as a licensed INSURER or REINSURER that is owned by a number of companies, and which writes INSURANCE cover for all of them. Since a group captive engages in a significant amount of third party business, it generally receives more favorable TAX treatment than a PURE CAPTIVE. Also known as an ASSOCIATION CAPTIVE or MULTIPARENT CAPTIVE. See also AGENCY CAPTIVE, CAPTIVE, PROTECTED CELL COMPANY, RENT-A-CAPTIVE, SISTER CAPTIVE.
palgrave
0
45.25
11.3
13
12.41
12.5
8.79
11.75
12.71
GROUP LIFE ASSURANCE
In the United Kingdom, GROUP LIFE INSURANCE.
palgrave
0
64.37
6
0
9.87
7.6
6.24
3.5
8.51
GROUP LIFE INSURANCE
A form of LIFE INSURANCE that is offered to an individual that forms part of a larger group, such as an employee of a company or an association. The insurance coverage may be conveyed through a sin- gle master policy, without specific or detailed health review of the individual members. Also known as GROUP LIFE ASSURANCE.
palgrave
0
44.03
11.8
14.1
9.86
10.5
8.79
13
13.19
GROUP OF 3 (G3)
A grouping of the three large industrial economies, includ- ing the United States, Germany, and Japan.
palgrave
0
72.16
7.2
0
12.18
12.2
11.34
8
8.9
GROUP OF 7 (G7)
International finance ministers from seven industrial- ized nations who attempt to influence economic and MONETARY POLICIES through coordinated actions. The original seven member nations were Japan, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, and the United States; Russia joined the group as a permanent member in 2002 to form the GROUP OF 8.
palgrave
0
36.12
14.8
0
14.63
18.4
12.1
17.75
17.39
GROUP OF 8 (G8)
The GROUP OF 7 plus Russia, which joined the original seven members in 2002.
palgrave
0
74.19
6.4
0
7.42
6.8
12.23
7
8.46
GROWTH FUND
A MUTUAL FUND or UNIT INVESTMENT TRUST that invests CAPITAL primarily or exclusively in GROWTH STOCKS.
palgrave
0
38.32
11.9
0
13.63
12.2
13.31
13
16.4
GROWTH STOCK
The STOCK of a company that is expected to grow rapidly in the medium term, providing INVESTORS with CAPITAL GAINS. A growthstock may exhibit higher VOLATILITY and BETA than an INCOME STOCK. See also GROWTH FUND.
palgrave
0
59.3
8
11.2
9.73
7.7
9.5
7
9.24
GSE
See GOVERNMENT-SPONSORED ENTERPRISE.
palgrave
0
-24.64
17.4
0
36.32
33.4
14.31
2.5
14.53
GUARANTEE
A contractual agreement where one party (the GUARANTOR) provides payment to a second party (the BENEFICIARY) should the original contracting party DEFAULT on its OBLIGATIONS. Through the provision of the guarantee, the obligations of the contracting party assume the CREDIT RATING of the guarantor, often a highly rated BANK or INSURER. See alsoCROSS GUARANTEE, FINANCIAL GUARANTEE.
palgrave
0
27.11
14.1
15.9
15.55
15.4
9.92
14.333333
14.62
GUARANTEED INCOME BOND (GIB)
In the United Kingdom, a BOND issued by an INSURER in which the INVESTOR receives a GUARANTEED monthly or annual income for a period ranging from 1 to 5 years. The bonds are considered to be stable and secure as they are issued by only the most creditworthy insurers.
palgrave
0
46.61
12.8
0
8.59
11.9
10.65
15.75
15.51
GUARANTOR
A party that supplies a GUARANTEE to another party, becom- ing responsible for performance or payment in the event of nonperformance by a third party.
palgrave
0
37.64
14.2
0
11.55
14.8
9.93
17.5
16.4
GUIDANCE LINE
A BANK LINE granted to a customer that is used by a BANK or other FINANCIAL INSTITUTION for internal management purposes and is not specifically communicated to the customer. Since the client pays no COMMITMENT FEE, the guidance line can be cancelled or withdrawn by the lender at any time. See also ADVISED LINE.
palgrave
0
61.67
9.1
12.5
9.92
10.2
9.5
11.666667
13.13
GUN JUMPING
(1) The public solicitation of orders for a PRIMARY OFFERING before REGISTRATION is complete. (2) TRADING of SECURITIESon the basis of nonpublic information (as a form of INSIDER TRADING). Gun jumping in either form is illegal in most national jurisdictions.
palgrave
0
25.8
14.6
0
13.17
14.4
11.73
15.5
19
GUNSLINGER
A trader, INVESTOR, or INVESTMENT MANAGER that takes a considerable amount of speculative RISK in an attempt to generate highRETURNS.
palgrave
0
25.8
14.6
0
14.91
15.4
12.52
16
18
GYOSEI SHIDO
The Japanese practice of bureaucratic control (or “administrative guidance”) of CORPORATIONS, exercised through REGULATION, KEIRETSU group pressure, and access to BANK-suppliedCREDIT.NET CAPITAL requirements under rules established by the SECURITIES AND H EXCHANGE COMMISSION.
palgrave
0
-12.79
23.2
0
24.78
29.9
14.36
28.5
26.53
HALAL
Any action or objective that is permissible under Islamic law, and a key factor in ISLAMIC FINANCE. See also HARAAM.
palgrave
0
52.87
8.4
0
8.5
6.4
9.66
6
10
HAND SIGNAL
A method of communicating BIDS and OFFERS between FLOOR TRADERS in an OPEN OUTCRY market.
palgrave
0
64.71
8
0
10.72
9.6
10.7
7.5
8.67
HANDLE
The whole number appearing to the left of the decimal in a SECURITIES or FOREIGN EXCHANGE price, often ignored by DEALERS and MARKET MAKERS quoting BIDS or OFFERS as they are implicitly understood. Also known as BIG FIGURE.
palgrave
0
52.19
10.7
0
10.68
11.1
9.57
12
12.86
HANG SENG INDEX (HSI)
The BENCHMARK INDEX of the HONG KONG STOCK EXCHANGE, originally developed in 1933 and computed on a MARKET CAPITALIZATION-weighted basis. The index comprises of 42 STOCKS (intended to increase to 50), and also features several key subindexes, including those related to BANKING, utilities, property, and commerce and industry.
palgrave
0
21.74
16.2
0
15.38
17.9
13.38
18
18.77
HARAAM
Any action or objective that is forbidden under Islamic law, and which has led to the development of the ISLAMIC FINANCE sector. See also HALAL.
palgrave
0
50.33
9.3
0
8.98
7.4
9.31
7.75
11.4
HARD CALL PROTECTION
A CALL PROTECTION provision in a BOND INDENTURE that prevents the ISSUER from calling the SECURITY for a specific period of time. See also NONCALLABLE BOND, SOFT CALL PROTECTION.
palgrave
0
48.3
10.1
0
11.53
10.2
9.8
10.75
14.08
HARD CURRENCY
See CONVERTIBLE CURRENCY.
palgrave
0
9.21
12.7
0
16.95
16.2
14.31
2.5
27.87
HARD DOLLARS
Direct payments made by clients to FINANCIAL INSTITU- TIONS for services rendered. In commercial banking a client may pay a fee for a CREDIT facility; in SECURITIES a client may pay BROKERAGE COMMISSIONS for TRADE EXECUTION, or a fee for a financial plan. See also SOFT DOLLARS.
palgrave
0
55.54
9.4
13
10.32
9.7
10.46
10.833333
13.09
HARD LANDING
A state where fiscal or monetary restraint intended to curb excess DEMAND and high INFLATION erodes confidence and activity, leading to economic slowdown and RECESSION. See also SOFT LANDING.
palgrave
0
39.84
11.3
0
14.14
12.3
13.07
10.75
15.46
HARVEST
In PRIVATE EQUITY and VENTURE CAPITAL, the process of crystallizing profits in a PORTFOLIO company through an INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING or sale to a third party.
palgrave
0
36.63
14.6
0
12.48
15.8
10.39
19
16.55
HAUSBANK
In Germany, a BANK acting as the primary relationship banker to a company, providing or arranging a variety of CREDIT-related ser- vices. Hausbanks often wield additional power by directly holding large share- holdings in client companies and by voting PROXIES on behalf of INVESTORS who leave their SHARES in bank CUSTODY.
palgrave
0
37.13
14.4
0
13.29
16.5
12.64
17.75
17.26
HAZARD
An event that creates or increases PERIL. While hazards are not specifically covered in most INSURANCE contracts, the perils they create or magnify form the core of INSURABLE RISKS.
palgrave
0
56.76
8.9
0
12.11
10.7
12.52
8.75
12.7
HEAD AND SHOULDERS
A TECHNICAL ANALYSIS charting figure of a SECURITY or INDEX that features a supporting price plateau, followed by a spike, then a reversal to a second supporting price plateau; the formation of a head and shoulders might then lead to a BREAKOUT on the upside or downside.See also REVERSE HEAD AND SHOULDERS.
palgrave
0
18.7
23.6
0
11.62
27.7
10.77
34
25.42
HEAVY MARKET
A market or sector that suffers price declines through selling pressures generated by large ORDER IMBALANCES. See alsoFAST MARKET.
palgrave
0
44.91
9.4
0
14.53
11.1
10.76
5.25
10.12
HEAVY SHARE
A STOCK with a high price, and which may be a candidate for a STOCK SPLIT in order to lower its price and appeal to a broader number of INVESTORS, particularly those in the retail sector.
palgrave
0
51.86
15
0
7.32
16.4
9.37
20
16.62
HEDGE RATIO
A measure that indicates the price relationship between a reference ASSET and a proxy HEDGE. The hedge ratio, which is generally based on a statistical process such as linear regression, reflects how much of an asset or DERIVATIVE is needed to protect or offset the RISK of the UNDERLYING reference. It can be computed via:where Cov (A, B) is the COVARIANCE between asset A and hedge instrument B, and σ2B is the VARIANCE of B. Also known as MINIMUM VARIANCE HEDGE RATIO.
palgrave
0
50.67
11.3
13.4
9.52
11.2
10.05
13.5
14.05
HEDGER
A party that employs HEDGING techniques in order to minimize, or neutralize, RISK. See also HEDGE, SPECULATOR.
palgrave
0
45.93
9
0
11.04
8.9
11.49
4.75
10.46
HEDGING
The process of creating a HEDGE in order to minimize, or neu- tralize, RISK. Hedging requires the selection of the correct instrument(s) and quantities in order to be effective. See also DELTA HEDGE, HEDGE RATIO, HEDGER.
palgrave
0
59.3
8
11.2
10.02
8.8
11.69
7
11.47
HERSTATT RISK
See SETTLEMENT RISK.
palgrave
0
59.97
5.6
0
7.32
8.3
9.05
1.5
1.2
HICP
See HARMONIZED INDEX OF CONSUMER PRICES.
palgrave
0
56.93
6.8
0
12.05
9
14.46
3
9.07