Datasets:
sohomghosh
/
FinRAD_Financial_Readability_Assessment_Dataset

Dataset card Data Studio Files Community
1
terms
stringlengths
1
156
definitions
stringlengths
3
4.2k
source
stringclasses
15 values
assigned_readability
int64
0
1
flesch_reading_ease
float64
-301.79
121
flesch_kincaid_grade
float64
-3.5
55.6
smog_index
float64
0
26.5
coleman_liau_index
float64
-33.81
51.4
automated_readability_index
float64
-6.9
65
dale_chall_readability_score
float64
0.1
35.3
linsear_write_formula
float64
-0.5
73
gunning_fog
float64
0.4
56
S&L
See SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION.
palgrave
0
32.56
10
0
10.76
8.4
7.04
2.5
10
S&P 500
See STANDARD AND POOR’S 500.
palgrave
0
100.24
0.5
0
4.96
3.7
13.36
1.5
2
SA
See SOCIETE ANONYME, SOCIEDAD ANONIMA.
palgrave
0
32.56
10
0
15.4
13.1
16.52
3.5
18
SAFE CUSTODY
The process of keeping in trust with a BANK any ASSETS with physical value.
palgrave
0
74.19
6.4
0
7.42
6.4
8.84
7
8.46
SALAM
A prepaid FORWARD CONTRACT used in ISLAMIC FINANCE in order to adhere to rules which prohibit the exchange of RIBA (interest). See also IJARA, MURABAHA, SUKUK.
palgrave
0
58.28
8.4
0
10.37
9.3
11.57
7
9.82
SALE AND LEASEBACK
A transaction involving the sale of a real ASSET by one party and an agreement to LEASE the same asset back from the acquirer on a long-term basis. The sale and leaseback allows the seller/LESSEE to inject LIQUIDITY into its BALANCE SHEET and the acquirer/LESSOR to obtain the TAX and financial benefits generated by the lease.
palgrave
0
43.06
14.2
0
10.68
15.5
10.38
18.5
16.2
SALVAGE VALUE
The value of a CAPITAL INVESTMENT at the time of its disposal or discontinuation. See also RESIDUAL VALUE.
palgrave
0
36.96
10.3
0
8.96
6.3
7.59
6
12.49
SAME DAY FUNDS
Funds that can be transferred or withdrawn on the same business day they are presented or collected, such as FEDERAL FUNDS transmitted via the FED WIRE or electronic transfers arranged via the S CLEARINGHOUSE INTERBANK PAYMENT SYSTEM or CLEARINGHOUSE AUTOMATED PAYMENT SYSTEM.
palgrave
0
20.39
20.8
0
15.8
25.9
11.73
30
24.42
SAMURAI
A BOND, NOTE, or CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSIT issued in Japanese yen in the Japanese markets by a foreign company. See alsoDAIMYO, GEISHA, SHIBOSAI, SHOGUN.
palgrave
0
50.84
9.2
0
10.83
9.5
11.47
8
11.47
SANDWICH LEASE
A LEASE transaction where a party leases equipment from one party and then subleases the same equipment to a second party, becoming a LESSOR and LESSEE in the process both earning and paying lease payments during the life of the transaction.
palgrave
0
38.32
18.1
0
11.74
22.1
9.91
24.5
18.35
SARBANES-OXLEY ACT 2002
In the United States, legislation enacted to improve CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, the quality of FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, and the accountability of a company’s financial officers and executives.
palgrave
0
-4.67
20.1
0
19.21
21.2
11.82
23.5
26
SATURDAY NIGHT SPECIAL
A sudden TAKEOVER attempt by one company of another through a rapid and unexpected TENDER OFFER. See alsoDAWN RAID, PREMIUM RAID.
palgrave
0
52.36
8.6
0
10.53
8.3
10.17
6.75
9.91
SAVINGS
The process of setting aside a certain amount of INCOME after EXPENSES have been paid and placing the funds in a ACCOUNT or some other INVESTMENT vehicle for future use.
palgrave
0
49.49
13.8
0
10.17
15.6
8.81
18
16
SAVINGS ACCOUNT
A BANK ACCOUNT where a depositor earns INTEREST on the balance. Funds can generally be removed at will by the depositor, though some BANKS place term or notice restrictions.
palgrave
0
56.76
8.9
0
10.55
9.4
9.26
8.75
11.32
SAVINGS BANK
A SAVINGS AND LOAN (United States) or BUILDING SOCIETY (United Kingdom), focused on retail DEPOSITS and residentialMORTGAGES.
palgrave
0
28.84
13.5
0
17.57
17.3
9.12
10.5
11.51
SAVINGS RATE
The degree to which households in a country allocate INCOME to SAVINGS. A low savings rate is indicative of higher consumption, and vice-versa.
palgrave
0
51.34
9
0
11.06
9.1
9.7
6.75
9.82
SCALE EFFECT
See ECONOMIES OF SCALE.
palgrave
0
118.18
-2.3
0
4.35
4.1
11.73
1
1.6
SCALPER
(1) A MARKET MAKER or DEALER that charges an exces- sive SPREAD on a transaction, in contravention of established rules. (2) An INVESTMENT ADVISOR or BROKER that takes a position in an INVESTMENT before advising clients to do so, and then exits at a profit; such pre-positioning is illegal in certain national systems.
palgrave
0
17.68
24
0
11.51
28.7
13.71
37.5
28.75
SCHATZ
Abbreviated form of Bundesschatz, a subcategory of German GOVERNMENT BONDS (BUNDS), issued in the 2-year sector with fixed COUPONS. Two-year Federal savings NOTES (Bundesschatzbriefe) are also available for purchase by the retail sector.
palgrave
0
37.81
12.1
0
16.7
16.1
12.59
11.25
12.66
SCHATZWECHSEL
A TREASURY BILL issued by the German govern- ment, generally carrying a MATURITY of 3 months.
palgrave
0
38.32
11.9
0
9.63
9.6
13.31
11
13.9
SCHEDULE RATING
A pricing method for INSURANCE that involves modi- fication of a general PREMIUM-rate class based on the specific characteristics of the coverage; the adjustment is typically based on charges or credits to a base premium. See also EXPERIENCE RATING.
palgrave
0
34.76
13.3
0
13.34
13.8
11.49
15.25
17.03
SCHULDSCHEIN
Abbreviated form of Schuldscheindarlehen, or German certificates of indebtedness. Schuldschein represent transferable inter- ests in LOANS between BORROWERS and BANKS; the certificates allow loan interests to be transferred to other INVESTORS, creating a certain amount of SECONDARY TRADING and LIQUIDITY in the CONTRACTS.
palgrave
0
24.27
15.2
0
19.67
20
12.41
16.25
17.9
SCRIP
(1) Physical CAPITAL certificates with value, such as a COMMON STOCK certificate or BEARER BOND certificate. (2) Temporary certificates issued for a STOCK SPLIT or a SPIN-OFF that can be used to purchase under- lying SHARES of common stock.
palgrave
0
31.89
18.5
0
12.02
22.5
10.83
26.5
19.7
SCRIP ISSUE
In the United Kingdom, a STOCK SPLIT.
palgrave
0
89.75
2.5
0
4.07
2.9
6.24
2.5
2.8
SEAQ
See STOCK EXCHANGE AUTOMATED QUOTATIONS SYSTEM.
palgrave
0
14.63
12.7
0
18.78
14.5
11.83
4
15.73
SEASONED SECURITY
A SECURITY that has been outstanding in the SECONDARY MARKET for a period of at least several months and has a history of prices and volume. The established track record often makes seasoned secur- ities more marketable than newly issued securities that have just completed the PRIMARY MARKET process.
palgrave
0
46.61
12.8
0
12.6
15.1
10.97
16.75
15.51
SEAT
A transferable membership on the NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, generally held by an individual (acting for his/her own account or as an officer, partner, or representative of a BANK, INVESTMENT BANK, SECURITIES FIRM, or BROKER/DEALER), which permits direct dealing on the floor of the EXCHANGE.
palgrave
0
17.34
22
0
13.65
26.7
10.78
31.5
24.22
SEATS
See STOCK EXCHANGE ALTERNATIVE TRADING SERVICE.
palgrave
0
31.55
10.4
0
18.78
14.5
9.2
3
9.07
SECOND BANKING DIRECTIVE
In the EUROPEAN UNION, a directive gov- erning the ability and process for licensing of BANKS within the Union.
palgrave
0
60.65
9.5
0
10.21
11.1
12.89
13.5
16.02
SECOND LIEN LOAN
A form of SYNDICATED LOAN where COLLATERAL CLAIMS securing the borrowing rank behind those of the first loan to be secured by the collateral (which may be considered the first lien loan). Second lien loans generally have less restrictions on any maintenance COVENANTS. See also COVENANT LITE LOAN
palgrave
0
63.7
8.4
13
12
11
9.69
11
13.07
SECOND MORTGAGE
An additional MORTGAGE taken by a homeowner on the same property, which a BANK will only grant if the combination of the two mortgages is below a specified percentage of the appraised value of the prop- erty, and the borrower’s income can support the DEBT SERVICE.
palgrave
0
24.79
21.2
0
10.69
24
11.07
30
24.49
SECONDARY BANK
In the United Kingdom, a non-BANK FINANCIAL INSTI- TUTION that performs many of the functions of a BANK but does not typically offer CHECKING ACCOUNTS or SAVINGS ACCOUNTS.
palgrave
0
43.06
14.2
0
12.02
16.8
10.1
16
14.06
SECONDARY OFFERING
Any NEW ISSUE of SECURITIES that occurs after an ISSUER’s inaugural PRIMARY OFFERING. See also ADD-ON.
palgrave
0
29.52
11.1
0
10.8
8.2
10.94
5
13.2
SECONDARY PREFERRED STOCK
PREFERRED STOCK that is subordinate to an ISSUER’s other preferred stock, including PRIOR PREFERRED STOCK. Such issues, which rank just above COMMON STOCK in seniority, are rela- tively rare.
palgrave
0
56.76
8.9
0
13.51
12.3
10.89
7.75
9.94
SECONDARY RESERVES
RESERVES in excess of those that FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS are required to hold for regulatory reasons. Secondary reserves are often used as an emergency buffer to meet unexpected obligations; accord- ingly, they are generally held in the form of very LIQUID, low-RISK SECUR- ITIES that can be converted into cash very quickly.
palgrave
0
37.13
14.4
0
13.29
16.6
11.09
17.25
17.26
SECONDARY TRADING
Any TRADING in SECURITIES or LOANS that occurs after PRIMARY MARKET issuance is completed. Secondary trading may take place through an EXCHANGE or OVER-THE-COUNTER. In certain cases MARKET MAKERS make TWO-WAY PRICES in order to ensure a minimum level of activity.
palgrave
0
49.11
9.8
11.2
12.81
11
9.71
7.833333
10.36
SECTOR OPTION
An OVER-THE-COUNTER or EXCHANGE-traded OPTION that references the price or VOLATILITY of an entire industrial or regional sec- tor (e.g., BANKS, automobile manufacturers, technology companies, emerging markets). Although the sector contract provides DIVERSIFICATION among individual COMMON STOCKS, it still creates a concentration in a broad group.
palgrave
0
14.29
17
0
19.32
21.1
14.05
18
17.9
SECURED
A FINANCING or LIABILITY that is backed by some form of sup- port, such as COLLATERAL or GUARANTEE. See also UN.
palgrave
0
60.82
7.4
0
5.54
4.4
10.17
6.25
11.82
SECURED CREDITOR
A CREDITOR that has lent MONEY to an individual or company on the basis of COLLATERAL. See also SECURED DEBT, UN.
palgrave
0
52.36
8.6
0
6.12
4.7
10.17
6.25
9.91
SECURED DEBT
A BOND or LOAN that is collateralized by a CLAIM on the ASSETS of the BORROWER/ISSUER. Secured debt holders rank above all other claimholders in the event the borrower/issuer DEFAULTS. See also SENIOR DEBT, SUBORDINATED DEBT.
palgrave
0
59.3
8
9.7
11.47
9.4
10.81
6.333333
8.13
SECURED INTEREST
A legal CLAIM of the LENDER over ASSETS pledged by a BORROWER to secure an OBLIGATION. The security interest grants priority over unsecured creditors and provides the right of FORECLOSURE in the event of DEFAULT. Also known as LIEN. See also FLOATING CHARGE.
palgrave
0
60.51
7.5
11.2
10.13
7.6
11.52
6.375
11.76
SECURED LENDING
Any form of FINANCING where the BORROWER pledges COLLATERAL to the LENDER to support repayment in the event ofDEFAULT.
palgrave
0
52.19
10.7
0
12.94
12.8
12.06
13.5
16.02
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT 1934
In the United States, the legislation that led to the creation of the SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION and the enforcement of regulations regarding the financial marketplace that were created in the Securities Act of 1933.
palgrave
0
19.03
19.3
0
14.46
21.6
10.34
27.5
24.29
SECURITIES FINANCING
The general segment of transactions based on LENDING/BORROWING cash versus SECURITIES-based COLLATERAL. This includes general securities lending, REPURCHASE and REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS, and BUY/SELLBACKS.
palgrave
0
0.08
16.2
0
25.33
21.3
12.78
11
13.13
SECURITIES FIRM
A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION that is primarily involved in originating and issuing new DEBT and EQUITY issues, TRADING SECURITIES and other financial instruments, and executing TRADES on behalf of clients. Securities firms that also deal in the broadest range of CORPORATE FINANCE transactions are more appropriately considered INVESTMENT BANKS.
palgrave
0
13.28
17.4
0
17.93
19.3
13.38
20
21.27
(SIFMA)
In the United States, a trade group that represents the interests ofSECURITIES FIRMS, BANKS, and INVESTMENT MANAGERS, created in 2006 through the MERGER of two previously existing trade groups, the Bond Market Association and the Securities Industry Association.See also SYNTHETIC SECURITIZATION, TRUE SALE SECURITIZATION.
palgrave
0
-15.49
26.4
0
19.34
30.4
12.64
36
28.51
SECURITIZED ASSET
Any ASSET that has been structured through a SECURITIZATION process or program.
palgrave
0
50.84
9.2
0
14.2
11.3
10.81
6
8.13
SECURITY MARKET LINE
A financial relationship linking the RETURN and the NONDIVERSIFIABLE RISK of a LEVERAGED SECURITY. The security market line depicts PORTFOLIOS that maximize RETURN for a given level of BORROWING and RISK (reflected through BETA). The expected return is given as:where E(rj) is the expected return for security j, E(rm) is the expected return for the market portfolio, rf is the RISK-FREE RATE, and βj is the beta of security j. See also ARBITRAGE PRICING THEORY, CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL.Additional references: Jensen (1972); Merton (1973); Roll (1977); Ross (1976).
palgrave
0
32.22
14.2
15.9
12.59
15.4
11.01
16
15.16
SEDOL
See STOCK EXCHANGE DAILY OFFICIAL LIST.
palgrave
0
56.93
6.8
0
11.07
8.3
6.57
3
9.07
SEED CAPITAL
A sum of CAPITAL that is provided to a start-up firm to pre- pare business plans, prototypes, and basic hiring. Seed capital may be raised formally or informally, and typically precedes more robust capital allocations gained through VENTURE CAPITAL.
palgrave
0
34.76
13.3
0
13.05
13.8
11.49
14.75
13.95
SEIGNIORAGE
The REVENUE a country derives from the issuance of CURRENCY. Excessive seigniorage can lead to instances of currency DEVALUATION and INFLATION.
palgrave
0
35.44
10.9
0
14.65
11.4
10.92
6.75
11.82
SELF-ASSESSMENT
A process carried out by a TAX payer, where an estimate of tax due is computed based on actual and anticipated EARNINGS and is then sent to the relevant tax authority.
palgrave
0
40.01
15.4
0
8.54
14.9
10.78
21.5
20.14
SELF-FINANCING
A state where a company is able to raise the financing it requires through its own operations, indicating that is does not need to rely on BANKS or the CAPITAL MARKETS for funding. In practice, companies often rely on a combination of self-financing and external funding to run their operations.
palgrave
0
37.64
14.2
0
10.97
14.2
8.67
17.5
14.8
SELF-FUNDING
See SELF-INSURANCE.
palgrave
0
-6.7
14.7
0
15.8
22
11.63
1
20.8
SELF-INSURANCE
A method of RISK RETENTION where an institution pre- serves particular types and amounts of RISK and finances EXPECTED LOSSESby creating an internal fund or establishing a CAPTIVE. Self-insurance is gen- erally applied to exposures that are highly predictable and noncatastrophic, or which cannot be covered by traditional INSURANCE contracts as a result of excessive cost. Also known as SELF-FUNDING.
palgrave
0
34.26
13.5
16.3
15.03
15.4
12.79
15.333333
17.33
SELF-LIQUIDATING LOAN
A secured or unsecured WORKING CAPITAL LOAN that is repaid through the sale of the INVENTORY being financed; self- liquidating loans are generally used to finance inventories used to meet sea- sonal DEMAND for products. Also known as ASSET CONVERSION LOAN.
palgrave
0
42.21
12.5
0
12.59
13.6
10.82
13.75
14.05
SELF-TENDER
A STOCK BUYBACK arranged by a company based on regu- lar open market purchases that increases the TREASURY STOCK CONTRA- ACCOUNT and reduces the EQUITY account. A self-tender might be used when a company believes it periodically has excess capital that is not generating an adequate RETURN for SHAREHOLDERS.
palgrave
0
29.69
15.2
0
13.06
15.7
10.65
17.75
15.51
SELL DOWN
The process of reducing exposure on a new LOAN or BOND, through SYNDICATIONS, participations, and sub-UNDERWRITINGS; the sell- down process generally applies to financial intermediaries that are not part of the original SYNDICATE or UNDERWRITING GROUP.
palgrave
0
9.56
20.9
0
17.13
25
12
29
26.62
SELL PLUS ORDER
An ORDER to execute a SECURITIES sale only if the price is higher than the preceding TRADE.
palgrave
0
54.22
9.9
0
7.65
7.8
8.19
11.5
13.86
SELL-SIDE
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, such as BANKS, INVEST- MENT BANKS, MERCHANT BANKS, or UNIVERSAL BANKS, that provide ser- vices, including investment advice, NEW ISSUES, and other product offerings, and trading EXECUTION, to client firms in exchange for fees and commissions (i.e., “selling”). See also BUY-SIDE.
palgrave
0
41.19
12.9
0
15.2
17.9
13.52
14.75
16.04
SELL THE BOOK ORDER
An ORDER to sell as much of a current position as possible at the prevailing market price.
palgrave
0
62.68
8.7
0
7.31
7.6
7.27
11.5
11.51
SELLERS’ MARKET
A market condition where DEMAND exceeds SUPPLY, causing prices to rise and giving potential sellers a greater opportunity to achieve a favorable OFFER price. See also BUYERS’ MARKET.
palgrave
0
40.35
11.1
0
13.62
11.7
11.66
8.5
12.74
SELLER’S OPTION
A transaction where the seller of SECURITIES has the OPTION to deliver a security at a future time, generally 6 to 60 days after TRADE date.
palgrave
0
36.63
14.6
0
8.25
12.4
11.61
18
18.09
SELLING AWAY
An illegal practice where a BROKER at a SECURITIES FIRM or BROKER/DEALER sells clients’ financial products originated by another securities firm. In the event of problems or losses, clients may not have RECOURSE to the broker’s employing firm.
palgrave
0
43.73
11.9
0
13.58
13.6
12.06
13.5
12.86
SELLING CONCESSION
The DISCOUNT at which a NEW ISSUE is allocated to SYNDICATE members. The selling concession comprises approximately half the UNDERWRITING SPREAD, or the difference between the price paid to the ISSUER and the public offering price.
palgrave
0
36.28
12.7
0
13.51
13.2
9.79
13
14.98
SELLING OUT
The process followed by a SECURITIES FIRM, BROKER/ DEALER, or BANK of disposing of SECURITIES or other ASSETS that a cli- ent has failed to purchase under the terms of an ORDER. The client is typ- ically invoiced for any difference between the selling price and the order price.
palgrave
0
55.07
11.7
0
9.41
12.9
10.65
14.25
11.43
SELLOUT
The process of liquidating a MARGIN LOAN or EXCHANGE- TRADED DERIVATIVE when payment is not received for SECURITIES or a VARIATION MARGIN call is not met. Sellout leads to de facto cancellation of the underlying loan or derivative.
palgrave
0
43.73
11.9
0
11.89
12.1
10.4
13
13.92
SEMIVARIANCE
A statistical measure that focuses on all outcomes that occur below the MEAN. Such a measure is useful in an examination of loss distributions.
palgrave
0
42.38
10.3
0
10.37
8.1
8.18
7
11.47
SENIOR CAPTIVE
A CAPTIVE that functions as an expanded form of the PURE CAPTIVE, writing a sufficiently large amount of third party business that it is generally entitled to greater TAX benefits than the pure captive. See also AGENCY CAPTIVE, GROUP CAPTIVE, PROTECTED CELL COMPANY, RENT-A-CAPTIVE, SISTER CAPTIVE.
palgrave
0
39.67
13.4
0
13.76
16
8.21
15.5
14.42
SENIOR DEBT
(1) A BOND or LOAN that ranks higher in CLAIM priority than SUBORDINATED DEBT (JUNIOR DEBT). (2) See SENIOR UNSECURED DEBT.
palgrave
0
50.16
11.5
0
8.94
12.1
12.95
13.5
14.11
SENIOR SECURED DEBT
A form of SENIOR DEBT with COLLATERAL or SECURITY pledged in support of repayment in the event of a BORROWER’S DEFAULT.
palgrave
0
50.16
11.5
0
9.81
11.3
12.2
14.5
16.02
SENIOR SUBORDINATED DEBT
The lowest ranking form of SENIOR DEBT. Senior subordinated CLAIMS receive payment after senior INVESTORS or CREDITORS, but before JUNIOR investors or creditors and EQUITY investors.
palgrave
0
32.9
11.9
0
16.17
13.5
9.75
7.5
9.82
SENIOR UNSECURED DEBT
A form of SENIOR DEBT without any COLLATERAL or SECURITY pledged in support of repayment in the event of DEFAULT. Also known as SENIOR DEBT.
palgrave
0
58.79
8.2
0
8.28
6.7
9.94
6.75
9.8
SENIORITY
The ranking of a company’s LIABILITIES within its overall CAPITAL STRUCTURE. In the event of BANKRUPTCY, the most senior liabil- ities receive recompense before less senior liabilities.
palgrave
0
23.93
13.3
0
15.42
13.1
11.32
10.25
12.81
SEQUENTIAL PAY BOND
A standard COLLATERALIZED MORTGAGE OBLIGATION that pays INVESTORS CASH FLOWS from the underlying MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES in strict sequence. Subordinated TRANCHES only receive payments once senior tranches have been paid. See also PLANNED AMORTIZATION CLASS BOND, TARGETED AMORTIZATION CLASS BOND.
palgrave
0
32.9
11.9
13
20.05
16.7
12.38
8.5
12.38
SERIAL BOND
One of a group of BONDS issued by a single company or municipality that matures over a period of successive years. See also SERIES BOND.
palgrave
0
58.79
8.2
0
7.35
5.9
9.94
7.25
9.8
SERIES BOND
One of a group of BONDS issued by a single company or municipality under the same INDENTURE. Each bond in the series may have a unique COUPON and MATURITY. See also SERIAL BOND.
palgrave
0
60.31
7.6
10.5
6.48
4.7
8.97
6.166667
9.25
SET-OFF
A NETTING arrangement where an institution and a COUNTERPARTY in DEFAULT agree to terminate all transactions and net payments due or owed under all existing CONTRACTS. See also NOVATION, PAYMENT NETTING.
palgrave
0
38.82
11.7
0
14.21
12.6
10.52
11.25
15.23
SETS
See STOCK EXCHANGE TRADING SYSTEM.VALUE DATE.
palgrave
0
48.47
8
0
15.88
13
9.2
3
2.4
SETTLEMENT PRICE
(1) The last price at which an EXCHANGE-TRADED DERIVATIVE closes, typically computed on the last day of the delivery month.(2) The closing price on a COMMODITY or other traded ASSET.
palgrave
0
32.57
16.2
0
11.33
17.6
10.91
21
18.67
SEVERABILITY CLAUSE
A COVENANT in a DIRECTOR and officers’ LIABILITY INSURANCE POLICY that permits the INSURER to avoid making a SETTLEMENT payment if a director is found to have committed FRAUD; however, it must still pay legal fees and any judgments against all remaining directors.
palgrave
0
19.37
21.2
0
13.13
24.4
11.64
33.5
25.57
SEVERAL BUT NOT JOINT
A legal condition where each party to a transac- tion is liable only for its part of the process and not all others; several but not joint LIABILITY is commonly used in the UNDERWRITING of BONDS, where each SYNDICATE member is only responsible for distributing the portion of bonds it has been allocated. See also JOINT AND SEVERAL.
palgrave
0
42.04
14.6
0
10.34
15.4
9.7
19.5
17.12
SEVERITY RATE
A measure of the expected or potential size of a loss, used by INSURERS to compute appropriate PREMIUM rates.
palgrave
0
43.73
11.9
0
9.86
10.6
10.4
14.5
18.13
SHADOW CALENDAR
A list of NEW ISSUES of SECURITIES that are currently in REGISTRATION with a securities commissioner or REGULATOR but which have no firm offering date. See also PIPELINE.
palgrave
0
40.35
11.1
0
11.36
9.6
9.41
10.5
14.17
SHADOW STOCK
See PHANTOM STOCK.
palgrave
0
93.81
0.9
0
3.43
5.2
9.05
0.5
1.2
SHANGHAI STOCK EXCHANGE (SSE)
The main STOCK EXCHANGE of China, formally established in 1990 (though its roots date back to the 1890s), and responsible for trading STOCKS, BONDS and FUNDS on an electronic basis. The SSE trades A-SHARES (denominated in Yuan) and B-SHARES (denominated in dollars), with the SSE Composite serving as the main BENCHMARK INDEX of the country. The SSE is one of three stock exchanges in China, operating alongside the HONG KONG STOCK EXCHANGE and the smaller Shenzhen Stock Exchange.
palgrave
0
53.55
12.3
12.5
11.84
16
11.2
15.666667
13.99
SHARE
A unit of STOCK representing partial ownership in the company that has issued the stock. The share represents certain RENT RIGHTS and legal rights, and in most instances is freely transferable.
palgrave
0
64.2
8.2
0
12.35
11.1
10.01
10.25
11.36
SHARE ACCOUNT
In the United States, an ACCOUNT granted to a member of a CREDIT UNION, into which DIVIDENDS are paid.
palgrave
0
69.11
8.3
0
7.43
8.9
7.9
10.5
9.71
SHARE CAPITAL
CAPITAL raised by a company through the issuance of SHARES to INVESTORS. See also AUTHORIZED CAPITAL, PAID-IN CAPITAL.
palgrave
0
53.88
8
0
12.21
9.5
8.47
6
5.82
SHARE CERTIFICATE
In the United Kingdom, a STOCK CERTIFICATE.
palgrave
0
64.37
6
0
9.06
7
6.24
3.5
8.51
SHARE DIVIDEND
In the United Kingdom, a STOCK DIVIDEND.
palgrave
0
64.37
6
0
6.56
5
6.24
3.5
8.51
SHARE INDEX
In the United Kingdom, a STOCK INDEX.
palgrave
0
81.29
3.7
0
4.07
2.9
6.24
2.5
2.8
SHARE OPTION
In the United Kingdom, a STOCK OPTION.
palgrave
0
81.29
3.7
0
4.94
3.6
6.24
2.5
2.8
SHARE PREMIUM
In the United Kingdom, an ACCOUNT that reflects the difference between the PAR VALUE of SHARES and the issue price of the shares. It is treated as a form of UNDISTRIBUTABLE RESERVES. See also CAPITAL SURPLUS.
palgrave
0
76.22
5.6
7.8
9.03
7.2
7.74
5.666667
4.8
SHARE SPLIT
In the United Kingdom, a STOCK SPLIT.
palgrave
0
89.75
2.5
0
4.07
2.9
6.24
2.5
2.8
SHAREHOLDER
An INVESTOR holding one or more SHARES of COMMON STOCK in a CORPORATION. In many jurisdictions each shareholder, as a frac- tional owner of the corporation, holds a legal right (e.g., the right to vote on specific issues) and a RENT RIGHT (e.g., the right to receive appropriate distri- bution of profits, which may include CAPITAL GAINS and/or DIVIDENDS).
palgrave
0
41.53
14.8
0
10.86
17.1
10.99
18.75
15.87
SHAREHOLDER ACTIVISM
A process by which SHAREHOLDERS of a company use the legal rights inherent in their shareholdings to require the BOARD OF DIRECTORS to consider, and the shareholder body at large to vote on, specific issues. In addition to the formal process of shareholder voting, activism can extend to public or private dialog with directors or EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT in an attempt to consider and resolve certain issues.
palgrave
0
29.52
17.3
0
12.78
19.3
10.78
24
19.87
SHAREHOLDER VALUE
The total value of a PUBLIC COMPANY accruing to the SHAREHOLDERS. Maximization of shareholder value is a goal of many companies and is typically reflected through strong business operations which allow for payment of DIVIDENDS and an increase in the STOCK price.
palgrave
0
41.7
12.7
0
12.94
13.8
8.81
15.5
16.97
SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY
The sum of a company’s RETAINED EARNINGS and SHARE CAPITAL, reflective of any decrease through TREASURY STOCK purchases.
palgrave
0
44.75
11.5
0
14.96
14.5
10.67
13
13.87
SHARES OUTSTANDING
See OUTSTANDING SHARES.
palgrave
0
59.97
5.6
0
13.12
13
14.31
1.5
14.53