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The black paint I used is my Acrylic Paint Dabber which I actually brushed on. The final green coat is Viva Precious Metal in Olive and the Gold is also Viva Precious Metal in Orange Yellow. I also put a little of the green in a sprayer mixed with a little water and dribbled it onto the page.
I have to say though, even if it didn't turn out quite how I wanted it, and even though I've whinged about how often I had to re-do it, I actually had a great deal of fun making this. I just hope I haven't put anyone else off from giving it a go. I'll probably hang on to this just as a show and tell piece, and I'm definitely going to try it again, but this time with pretty colours and lots of flowers. YES!!!!
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marion, thank you so much for this pattern, now Im getting the hang of crochet I love trying new patterns and am sure will love doing these and so needed by so many charitable organisations - thank you again your a star xxxx
What gestation baby angel will this fit please? And I just noticed you posted this on my little angels 8th birthday x
Thank you for this beautiful pattern. I wish I had it when my grandson angel was born. I will be making some for the U of M (Mott's children's).
It’s a good thing Roger Federer has an equable temperament because, these days, he can hardly draw breath without making headlines.
We have to return to last Christmas Eve for the cause of the biggest flurry of excitement in recent months, to the news that wife Mirka was expecting a sibling to their four-year-old twins. Immediately fans and paparazzi alike were checking calendars.
It was, as Federer’s well-oiled PR machine has been for many years, a smart and timely announcement, made just as the family retreated from the spotlight for the holiday. Twitter could flutter away, Facebook could bubble to its own rhythm, and the world’s media could report and move on.
When he emerged a few days later, ready to head to his first tournament of the season in Brisbane, he played his ace: the announcement of his tie-up with Stefan Edberg. It was the kind of news to divert headlines from fatherhood and channel them into Federer’s ambitions for 2014. And it was further stoked by the bigger, blacker racket he was now wielding.
Not that interest in his wife’s pregnancy flagged. Indeed Federer was questioned with predictable regularity in press conferences—three times in this correspondent’s hearing at Dubai alone—about the date of the birth. Every time the answer, usually accompanied by a wry smile, was the same. Well-tuned as he is to the pitfalls of saying too much, he made sure that silence was golden:
But in the absence of facts, conjecture filled the void, especially as Mirka made her usual courtside appearances through the months. And in fairness, it became increasingly clear that this baby would arrive before Wimbledon rather than after, as the Federer twins had done. Eventually, in Monte Carlo—with Mirka a rare absentee—there was no denying the likelihood of a clay rather than a grass birthday. |
The united states constitution is the highest law of the united states of americait was signed on september 17, 1787 by the constitutional convention in philadelphia, pennsylvanialater, it was put into effect, or ratified, by representatives of the people of the first 13 states when nine of the states ratified the document, they created a union of sovereign states, and a federal government. The charters of freedom the declaration of independence, constitution and bill of rights, collectively known as the charters of freedom, have guaranteed the rights and freedoms of americans for over 200 years. The constitution secures your freedoms as an american understand it like never before in hillsdale college's free online course the us constitution is the key to securing liberty for all americans -- yet very few know exactly what it says, and what freedoms it protects hillsdale college is dedicating this year to educating millions of americans about this critical document. We the people of the united states, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution for the united states of america. The constitution of the united states is the foundation of our american government it lays out the system of government and the rights of the american people.
United states documents of freedom web images including the declaration of independence, constitution, and bill of rights vision settings (access key h) while high resolution images are availble at us government archives, they are very large files (8-16mb each), hard to use because of their size, and are at print resolution of 300 dpi which is wasted in simply viewing. Text and commentaries constitution of the united states of america as amended: unratified amendments, analytical index (us government publishing office) july 25, 2007 hdoc 110-50 in both text and pdf constitution of the united states, analysis and interpretation: annotations of cases decided by the supreme court of the united states (library of congress. The us constitution, bill of rights, declaration of independence, articles of confederation constitution iq quiz, constitution day materials, constitution bookstore, pocket constitution books, constitution amendments fascinating facts about the constitution, founding fathers, supreme court and more. 3 constitution of the united states we the people of the united states, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tran.
The constitution of the united states article i • article ii • article iii • article iv • article v • article vi • article vii the signing of the constitution took place on september 17, 1787, at the pennsylvania state house (now called independence hall) in philadelphia. Article 1, section 2 of the united states constitution: the house of representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the electors in each state shall have the. The latest tweets from us constitution (@usconstitution) the constitution of the united states of america national archives, washington, dc. Introduction written in 1787, ratified in 1788, and in operation since 1789, the united states constitution is the world’s longest surviving written charter of government. Thirty-three amendments to the united states constitution have been proposed by the united states congress and sent to the states for ratification since the constitution was put into operation on march 4, 1789 twenty-seven of these, having been ratified by the requisite number of states, are part of the constitution the first ten amendments were adopted and ratified simultaneously and are.
By 1787, the union between the states was unraveling to save the young nation, delegates from 12 states met in philadelphia and, with george washington presiding, created a new form of government. Constitution of the united states of america, the fundamental law of the us federal system of government and a landmark document of the western world the oldest written national constitution in use, the constitution defines the principal organs of government and their jurisdictions and the basic rights of citizens (for a list of amendments to the us constitution, see below. The united states constitution is the fundamental law of the united states of america it was proposed on september 17, 1787, by the constitutional convention in philadelphia, pennsylvania it was then ratified by conventions in each state. United states constitution 12m likes defending the union from threats foreign & domestic.
1 we the people of the united states, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution for the united states of america 8 2 article i 1 3 section. On january 28, 2014, stanford’s program in law, science & technology hosted the discussion, “congratulations, you have an app – now what. The preamble we the people of the united states, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution for the united states of america. Article i describes the design of the legislative branch of us government -- the congress important ideas include the separation of powers between branches of government (checks and balances), the election of senators and representatives, the process by which laws are made, and the powers that congress has. More on the subject index | bill of rights | additional amendments | printer friendly version [constitution for the united states of america]we the people of the united states, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do.
The heritage guide to the constitution is intended to provide a brief and accurate explanation of each clause of the constitution. Constitution of the united states of america (1787) download pdf of the constitution click for free documents of freedom lesson on the constitution click for free voices of history lesson on the constitution the constitution was written in the summer of 1787 in philadelphia, pennsylvania, by delegates from 12 states, in order to replace the [. We the people in order to make a more perfect movie, bring you tim and moby to discuss the us constitution learn about the constitution’s seven key principles, amendments, and the checks and balances built right into our government. The constitution of the united states: a transcription note: the following text is a transcription of the constitution as it was inscribed by jacob shallus on parchment (the document on display in the rotunda at the national archives museum) the spelling and punctuation reflect the original.
The constitution of the united states of america preamble we the people of the united states, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution for the united states of america.
The united states constitution is the supreme law of the united states the constitution, originally comprising seven articles, delineates the national frame of governmentits first three articles embody the doctrine of the separation of powers, whereby the federal government is divided into three branches: the legislative, consisting of the bicameral congress the executive, consisting of the.
Constitution of the united states we the people of the united states, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic. |
Before I went for vacation, I booked myself for 3 nights by net at Beary Nice hostel at Chinatown. I chose Beary Nice due to great review and my fondness to Chinese cuisine.
Few weeks before my flight, I received an email from Beary Nice hostel. Its staff asked me whether I would be interested to try the new member of Beary hostels family, Beary Best. It is also located at Chinatown and 2 streets away from Beary Nice. The rate would remain the same, 26 S$ per night though the actual rate of this new hostel was supposed to be higher according to the email.
I arrived at Beary Best on 07 Dec and stayed for 3 nights. I paid my remaining 90% booking balance and was asked 50 S$ deposit for the room's electronic access card; the deposit was returned to me upon check-out. Wow! It was like a keyless entry for my room; without the card key you won't be able to enter the hostel, as well. It sounds great for I don't normally see this feature at hostels. However, there is a drawback about this and I would explain later.
Like the usual Beary hostels, guests were asked to remove their shoes or slippers and put them inside a covered shoe rack whenever they enter the hostel premises.
Since the hostel is new, all beddings and facilities are still on its pristine state. The entire place is very clean but since the hostel is not yet fully operational and some areas are still under construction, the workers can not avoid causing the otherwise clean wood laminated flooring to become dirty during daytime. Thus, I used my personal slipper while inside the hostel. In fairness, the staff make sure that the wooden flooring has been cleaned after the workers have left.
On my first night at Superstar room, I was alone for a mixed dorm room for 10 persons. the room was quite small in case all the guests would arrange their belongings at the same time. But of course, I don't expect that to happen unless all of them belong in one group.
I was given a lower bunk bed, as you can see on the picture. Next to my bed was the keyless door. It was really great to have this added security and nobody would howl when it comes to security matter. In fact I felt very secured on my first night even if I was alone inside the room.
However, on my second night, we were three and became six on my third and last night. Since my bed was just right beside the door, whenever another guest enter or leave the room, the disengaging of door lock was producing quite an irritating sound thus if you were a light sleeper, you can easily get awaken by the sound. Likewise, when the door closes it produces the same irritating sound. Since I just came from a -5 Hour time zone, I found it difficult to sleep and in case I dozed off I was easily awaken whenever somebody leave or enter the room. I believe the farthest bed from the door was ideal to have a comfortable and uninterrupted sleep.
By the way, the bed was spring type and supported underneath by wooden board unlike the foam and sagging type at other hostel. It was also firm but comfortable. I hope they'd install a personal light to each bed. I love reading books at night but I don't want the entire room illuminated while I am reading. To add, each bed has its own power socket nearby, very convenient and kudos to Beary hostel staff for this. My travel gears remained fully charged always during my stay.
On second floor, where my room is located, there are 2 T&B. One is dedicated for female bears use only. Both T&B are spacious and can accommodate several users at a time. But on my second day, we were asked to use the female bears T&B due to some "maintenance jobs" at the other T&B. We were also informed that we can use the third floor T&B. Regarding the toilets, the floor were tiled while the walls were polished concrete only. If not properly taken care of, those polished concrete walls would look "ugly" after some time. I hope those walls will be painted, at least. No problem with hot shower just see to it that the water heater switch is "ON" before taking shower.
Like in most hostels, nothing special with the complimentary breakfast. You can have bread, jams, peanut butter (creamy and crunchy) and cereals. Coffee and tea also.
We were taking our breakfast on that small table within the lounge area; pantry was still under construction at that time. After breakfast timing, the staff will remove all the foods so we can use the table for other purpose. In my case, while waiting for my evening flight, they allowed me to stay in the lounge and surf the net.
Laundry service was not yet operational when I was there but I have seen some washing machines and dryers being installed. Actually, they told me that I can do my laundry at nearby Beary Nice hostel. No problem, I just did my laundry at my favorite self-service laundry shop near KL Sentral, Malaysia. I was on my way to Malaysia then Thailand.
In conclusion, though the place was really great, I consider my stay at Beary Best hostel moderately enjoyable because of some missing facilities such as laundry and pantry. Not to mention the noisy keyless door lock. Anyway, the hostel was obviously not yet fully operational at that time. I believe that once all construction jobs have been completed and I hope they can try to deaden or reduce the door locking/unlocking sound too, this hostel would stand to Beary hostels great reputation. I just hope that they won't increase the price otherwise it will be another story.
A tidy house, a tidy mind. No, it is not our intention to give you a lecture, but there is some truth to that old proverb when it comes to miniature modelling on your workbench. Especially when working on several modelling projects at the same time (like we do), it is important to stay on top of things. How easily can those tiny parts needed for making 1/87 scale models get lost in a mess!
Apart from the usual storage cabinets with little drawers (used by DIY fans for screws etc.) we find small stackable containers with several compartments (see photo) most helpful. Once you are finished with your work, they can be stowed away on the shelf, taking up little space, and thanks to their see-through lids they offer perfect dust protection for your valuable small parts. We paid less than £2 per box, and you can get them in your favourite DIY store or online - a handy, neat and tidy solution! |
This is an op-ed by Reston resident John Farrell. It does not necessarily reflect the views of Reston Now.
My very dear friend, Reston Association Board of Directors President Ellen Graves, lent her name to an Op-Ed that appeared on Reston Now last Friday. The editorial was in favor of RA’s $2.6 million purchase of the former Reston Visitors Center.
Early on, Ellen protests that RA did not secretly initiate the negotiations with property owner Tetra. That no one has made this accusation makes the denial gratuitous.
Our source of consternation is the CEO’s admission, reported on Reston Now on April 10, that RA “leadership” secretly worked on this acquisition beginning in the Fall 2014 and only disclosed it to the membership and full Board in late January 2015. That’s when the issue first appeared on the Board’s agenda as an authorization for referendum.
Nothing about that course of events is consistent with the “Reston way” about which Graves waxed poetic last Friday. Neither is it part of the “Reston way” to withhold essential information from the membership or the full Board such as the Feb. 4, 2015 appraisal, which wasn’t released to the full Board until the night of its final vote on the referendum or to the full membership until days later.
How RA Board members were expected to examine, understand, question and evaluate a 95-page appraisal and vote for a $2.6 million referendum the same night is for someone else to explain.
When I heard that my dear friend would be authoring an Op-Ed about the appraisal, I strongly urged her to make sure she read the appraisal before she allowed her name to be put to any article. Sadly, that apparently didn’t happen.
I conclude this because the April 17 Op-Ed made reference to several documents that are not contained in the appraisal. The two zoning administrators interpretations referenced in the Op-Ed are neither referenced in the appraisal, attached to the appraisal or posted on the RA website. This, despite the fact that I personally asked RA land use attorney John McBride for copies of them in early March.
Since the Chesapeake Bay Ordinance that impedes development of the Tetra site is not part of the zoning ordinance, it’s no surprise if there is no mention of it in either of the zoning administrator’s letters.
Similarly, the Op-Ed references the Fairfax County-approved site plan for the restaurant, but it too is not found in the appraisal. There is a drawing of the “as built” for the visitors center that isn’t county approved and has the restaurant struck through; probably because the restaurant wasn’t going to be built before the county bonds for the public improvement for the visitors center were released in the mid-1980s.
That’s relevant for several reasons, not least of which is that the rescission/lapse/expiration of the 1981 site plan, means any new effort to build a restaurant will require the approval of a new PRC Plan by the Fairfax County Planning Commission and a new site plan by the County DPW&ES.
That also means the new PRC plan and site plan will have to comply with the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Ordinance adopted in 1989 and whose 100- foot buffer around Lake Newport covers the entire 1981 restaurant site. Any exception to build in the RPA will require approval of the Board of Supervisors making it the political equivalent of a rezoning.
The Op-Ed also references a draft PRC Plan that shows a large amount of office space on the site. Again, this draft PRC plan is not referenced in the appraisal and no copy of the PRC plan is attached to the appraisal. Nor does the Op-Ed reveal if this draft PRC plan was ever submitted to the county or if the county ever returned comments on that PRC plan. No doubt an appraiser would find such information vital to its opinion of value.
There was a PRC plan submitted and disapproved in 2003. Maybe that disapproval is why the appraisal, on page 10, quotes the current owner as saying that the office use cannot be expanded. Curious. Which part of the “Reston Way” includes withholding all of these four documents from the RA Board and the RA membership before either makes a decision isn’t made clear in the Op-Ed? Which part of the “Reston Way” includes posting these documents and others on the RA website after the ballots are received by the membership and some members have already voted?
Things get “curiouser” when one looks at the comparable sales listed in the appraisal and finds only a very few of them are actually in Reston. It gets worse when several of the comparable sales prices are adjusted by 50 percent. Most appraisers would tell you that, when a sales price needs that size of an adjustment, it probably isn’t truly a comparable sale.
It gets yet more curious when it’s noted that all of the comparable sales in the appraisal are for office space and none are for restaurants when, as noted above, the owner is quoted as saying no expansion of the office is space is possible.
My dear friend also protested that none of the RA Board members are bad people. Who can possibly disagree? It is, however, not too much to expect those who sought positions of great power in this community of 60,000, and were entrusted with that power, to take the time to scrutinize all of the relevant documentation to the largest transaction in the Association’s history before submitting that issue to referendum.
We certainly did that when the indoor tennis facility was under consideration. A committee met, in public, for two years and had detailed civil engineering and architectural studies performed before the decision was made not to go to referendum: a decision I agreed with. Why not a similar deliberative consideration this time? Isn’t that the “Reston Way?”
The failure of most, if not all, of the Board members to carefully read the appraisal and other cited material before voting to put the referendum to the membership and the failure to release the four documents listed in the Op-Ed to the membership before asking us to vote on the referendum are, in the words of Tallyrand, was worse than a crime; it was a mistake.
Something on your mind? Send an op-ed to [email protected] Reston Now reserves the right to edit letters for style, clarity and spelling.
At this point, can we really say that proposing stupidly expensive, unnecessary projects is not the “Reston way”? The Baron Cameron rec center, the new RA headquarters, the Tetra purchase…
You know- the fact that even the new board members support this has actually made me think that there may be something very reasonable going on here.
Julie Bitzer came highly recommended in my neighborhood as someone who wouldn’t “go with the flow” and yet she’s in favor of this move as is Ray Waddell. Both people who were promoted as big change agents, and yet they’re both in favor of the purchase.
So, no I don’t think membership on the RA Board comes with a free pair of “Bad Idea Jeans” as you put it- so maybe there’s something in that for us all to examine.
Curiously, Farrell tried to run for the board and then pulled out. Kitchen must have been too hot for him that day.
The Scottish warlord has a history of promising steak and not delivering. First he says don’t vote then he promotes Richard Bocce-Drew. No wonder the villagers are confused.
If they have some information available to them that makes this seem like a good deal, they have inexplicably not chosen to make it available to us. Instead they have insulted our intelligence with sheer twaddle.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: A fiduciary is a person who holds a legal or ethical relationship of trust between himself or herself and one or
more other parties (person or group of persons). In such a relation good conscience requires the fiduciary to act at all times for the sole benefit
HOA BOD and STAFF has fiduciary duty to its members. Duty of the Board and Staff is to direct HOA and its members.
-Smart competent ethical professional directors/staff will direct the right way with the least expensive $$$ for the most effective positive ROI
-Stupid incompetent directors/staff will direct the wrong way with the most expensive $$$ for zero or negative ROI.
-Smart competent but corrupted directors/staff will maliciously direct the “right” way using the most expensive FREE PUBLIC $$$ to achieve the most effective positive ROI …. just for FEW INDIVIDUAL POCKETS.
It is curious that NO ONE at RA has said whether the RPA issue would prevent development at the Tetra site although RA’s legal mouthpiece went on and on about RPA process issues at last night’s show. There’s is nothing on RA’s Tetra webpage that mentions the issue. Seems like a straightforward question ought to have generated a straightforward answer, which tells me RA’s hiding something. My guess: It can’t be done.
Here’s why I’ve already voted YES. I think it would extremely short-sighted to let this slip opportunity through our hands. It’s not going to be cheaper at a later date; it’s going to be more expensive. Further I think it’s foolish to count on it going undeveloped or to count on its use remaining “quiet” as it is now. Even if the structure never got bigger its use could change and it could become a restaurant which would change the entire character of the entire area; and what a shame that would be.
More people are coming to Reston, we have an chance to ADD to our open area the price of doing so now is projected to be 80.00 over 20 years.If we don’t do it now then when? When else will we have the chance to add our our space rather than always fighting to conserve it? What will you be saying when we’re faced with trying to save the golf course Mr. Farrell? How much will be too much then?
This completely ignores the main argument against purchasing the property – the inflated price tag. At what price point would you consider this property to be too overpriced and not worth purchasing?
Terry Maynard, John Farrell, and Irwin Flashman have each posted op-eds on this site – none of which were rebutted in counter op-eds by Reston directors.
There have actually been three op-eds by RA directors on here. I expect we will get a couple of more. But I would doubt they will be engaging in a point-by-point rebuttal to another letter.
Some semblance of a defense of the appraisal would be nice… and a defense of the projected revenues for the future Tetra site.
I think 3 Board op-eds by RA is already excessive even though I support freedom of speech. Thankfully a majority of people I have informally talked to on this are voting NO.
I’m sure there’s some price at which is too high but just because these 3 think its too high doesn’t convince me. The house adjacent to the property in question sold last year for 1 million for less than .25 acre. This is almost 3.5 acres- It’s not out of line.
I think it was Irwin Flashman and Terry Maynard who wanted to value the land in the Lake Anne swap by the number of trees! For crap sake they said that the 1.6 or 1.7 million dollar appraisal on that parcel as too low– so which is it? Too low or too high? These guys are just NO people. No matter what it is they want it to be No.
I didn’t say anything about the land swap at the time, and certainly nothing about the trees, but I think it was only the second worst deal the RA Board has struck. Tetra leads by a long shot.
if the adjoining properties are worth millions, why don’t the HOA have a whip around and buy it themselves
I appreciate hearing all sides of this debate here, especially since I can’t get any sign of a counterpoint from RA itself.
You know, that makes total sense. Nobody’s ever shared interest in buying my house for the last 20 years. I guess I’ll never be able to sell this thing.
No matter. The online ballot is down now anyway. Must be the cool new website. How much did they pay for that?
They seem to believe that they know better than those who are paying through teh nose to fund their lifestyle
The fiasco of the “referendum” to make Reston a “town”, with commensurate salaries and titles, was one of the first, followed by the attempt to build a taj mahal for those deserving individuals. In the meantime, we have to suffer from unsafe poor lighting because some “architect” complains that street lights change the “color” of the houses
Well, actually the ResTOWN “fiasco” was an RCA initiative, not RA, and I thought it was a good one to get rid of County meddling AND maybe get rid of RA. Still there would have been a Town Council with many of the same “bureaucrats.”
From the conclusion made that since Clydes and Wo Le Oak, the only ones interested declined, a restaurant should be included as part of the appraisal, to the list of “comparable” properties in Falls Church, Mclean and other areas at least 5 miles away, it seems that the appraisal may have been written to support a known conclusion
RA paid for it. McBride told me in early March that he had reviewed it and wouldn’t release it. Whether he or anyone else had input and whether anyone else reviewed it is unknown. |
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I went on a guided hike through Cinque Terre for only $100 via a package from Viator. Since staying overnight in the villages can be pretty pricey, I stayed in Florence and went on the day tour instead. I don’t typically prefer guided tours, but if you plan on hiking all 5 cities, I highly recommend it. How often can you visit 5 separate Italian cities for only $100?
Every single city was equally as beautiful in its own way. My personal favorite was near the end of the trip (we ended in Riomaggiore, I believe). We had the opportunity to spend a couple of hours relaxing at the beach and touring the shops.
If you’re not down for the hike (which you totally should be) you can always opt into taking ferries between cities. During our tour, we took a boat ride between two of the cities. It’s (almost) equally as incredible a view.
As to be expected, the seafood in Cinque Terre was incredible. We stopped in Corniglia for lunch and were given a plethora of seafood to try. Although the presentation wasn’t quite there, what it lacked in visual appeal it made up for in taste. I’m not even sure what I was eating. I just know that you have to try it.
This is great if you love the outdoors. If you’re traveling throughout Italy, chances are you plan on hitting the obvious checkpoints: Rome, Venice, Florence, etc. Cinque Terre is less talked about – probably due to the fact that it is in the Italian Riviera, which is harder to get to. This (somewhat) hidden gem is definitely a trip you must take, especially if you already plan on going to Florence!
Bonus: The people are so nice! They even put up “helpful” signs so you don’t get hurt while hiking 😉
Lots of people are having fun searching for swear words in source code using Google's new Source Code search engine. I thought I'd search for something Barbie once said :)
This season we’re trying out a number of new shows to see what might be enjoyable. The one show, so far, that has impressed both my wife and me is “Pushing Daisies“. If you’re not familiar with the concept, it’s pretty bizarre right from the outset. The main character, Ned, is a pie maker who has a special “talent”. Ned can touch anything that has died and bring it back to life but with two catches. First, if he doesn’t touch them again within one minute someone else within the vicinity has to die to make up for it. Second, if Ned does touch them a second time they will die permanently regardless of any other attempts to bring them back.
Ned, of course, put this interesting ability to use in ways that created a variety of issues. He first brought back his dog who was hit by a car. The dog is still alive much later in life suggesting a bit of immortality but Ned is now unable to touch him directly. He also brought back his mother who died when he was a child. This choice caused the father of his childhood love to die in her place and the tragedy was multiplied when Mom kissed Ned goodnight causing her to die for good.
The show itself is entirely unique. There’s a narrator throughout the story that adds depth in much the same way Daniel Stern‘s narration helped “The Wonder Years“. Here it’s even more impressive as the voice is done in a way that’s reminiscent of Dr. Seuss. The voice is playful, whimsical and adventurous. The show would be very different without it. The look of the show is also extremely important and effective. It too reminds you of Dr. Seuss. If not that then certainly it reminds one of a Tim Burton project.
The acting is okay but nothing special so far. The actors are still finding their way. There’s Ned who is well cast and fits the role. There’s his new business partner, Chi McBride, who realizes that there’s money to be made with Ned’s talent by bringing back the dead to ask for clues about who killed them. Then there’s Ned’s childhood love, now grown, played by relative newcomer Anna Friel. Anna seems to remind people of several other famous actresses. She reminds me a bit of Evangeline Lilly. Her character died in the first episode and was brought back by Ned who didn’t have the willpower to return her to her fate. Now they’re falling in love but are unable to do much of anything about it. Ned also hasn’t found a way to tell her that he was responsible for her father’s death. Then there’s Ned’s co-worker at the pie store played by the impossibly short Kristen Chenoweth. Her character, Olive, is secretly and desperately in love with Ned but he has no idea.
The show’s fantastical concept and presentation is a wonder to behold. It’s like re-discovering the magic of Christmas as an adult. You sit there smiling most of the time you watch it. Much of it has to be taken at face value and not questioned. When the dead are brought back they fail to ask the most basic questions and everything is kept positive. No one, so far, is distraught or desperate not to be sent back. They all just accept their fate and willingly participate in the dialogue with Ned while they can.
My biggest concern with the show is how long it can go on. How long can this concept feel fresh? For now I’m pushing the concerns to the back of my mind and just enjoying the show for what it is and for as long as it’s here to be enjoyed. It’s certainly not for everyone but it is a treat for those it does fit. |
SOUTH MILWAUKEE, Wis. (CBS 58) -- The South Milwaukee Police Department is asking the public for help in identifying suspects who stole from the South Milwaukee Yacht Club.
Police say the suspects stole fishing and boating equipment from several boats during the early morning hours of July 3.
The suspects are described as two white males. One was last seen wearing long pants and a baseball cap.
The U.S. team is going to be thin, but it's still better than all the other squads in Rio, Brazil, for the Summer Olympics
We all know about the players who have pulled out of the Olympics in Rio. But what about who's playing? Contrary to what it seems like in the media, golf in the Olympics will go on. There will be stars in attendance, too. Not mega-stars like Jordan Spieth and Rory McIlroy, but stars nonetheless.
Rickie Fowler will be there. So will Open Championship winner Henrik Stenson. Bubba Watson and Danny Willett round out the four top 10 players in attendance. And it certainly sounds like the golf is going to be better and more fun than has been played up over the last month or two.
"I've just been excited," said one of Britain's contenders Justin Rose. "I can't really explain from my point of view. I'm excited about it, treating it as a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. I understand that it's been tough scheduling, and I understand all of that side of things. But when it's once every four years, I think it's something you can certainly make an exception for. That's been my attitude towards it. Just being a part of Team GB, in a sense you feel like you're part of something bigger than just your individual sport as well."
Martin Kaymer is overwhelmed to represent Germany. Rickie Fowler is clearly enjoying himself. And even Arnold Palmer, who is not there, weighed in on who is.
I know that a few of the game's brightest young stars will not be participating in Rio, and that's too bad. However, now that the Olympic flame is lit, the focus of a massive global audience will be on the players that have chosen our sport to pursue their Olympic dream. Inevitably, there will be compelling performances from high-profile veterans as well as previously unheralded young players who have taken up the game in developing countries.
Studs from those developing countries could turn out to be the storyline this week in Rio. It's clear that names you've never heard of are very proud to represent countries you don't often think about being global golf superpowers. That will make the competition at the very least quite compelling.
Here's a look at all 60 players who will compete this week and what country they are all from. Each player's field ranking as of August 1 is in parentheses (i.e. Bubba Watson was the highest-ranked player on that date).
Soil-transmitted helminths are more commonly known as intestinal worms, and are the most common parasitic infections worldwide. These infections are caused by three kinds of worms: roundworms, whipworms, and hookworms, which infect over 1 billion people worldwide. Infection rates differ by country but can be as high as 95% in some areas.
Intestinal worms are usually caused by swallowing eggs from contaminated soil or by larvae that penetrate the skin when soil is walked on barefoot. Contamination occurs through human fecal matter that contains worm larvae and is then mixed in the soil. Once infected, individuals usually have no symptoms. However, infection can contribute to anemia, vitamin A deficiency, malnutrition, impaired growth, delayed development, and intestinal blockages.
Most intestinal worm infections occur in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa, the Americas, China, and east Asia. These infections occur more often in developing countries because inadequate sanitation, and lack of clean running water and drinking water increase the risk for soil contamination. Pre-school and school-aged children, adolescent girls, and women of childbearing age are more likely to have symptoms.
Yes. Intestinal worm infection can be treated with a single dose of medication for mild or moderate cases. However, infection can be prevented altogether by increasing the availability of water for personal hygiene, improving sanitation, washing food properly, and by avoiding the use of human feces as fertilizer.
Intestinal worms are the most common parasitic infection and infect over 1 billion people worldwide. Symptoms vary in presentation and severity but, once diagnosed, treatment is relatively quick and inexpensive. Efforts at prevention can greatly decrease the number of new infections by promoting better hygiene and sanitation practices.
Yixin is a 16-year old girl living in Southeast Asia who is preparing for her wedding to Wei. Her family owns a small farm and all the time that she does not spend preparing for her wedding is spent helping her family with chores around the farm. One day she feels very faint and starts feeling some stomach pains. As her wedding approaches and her symptoms don’t get any better, her mother takes her to the clinic to try and figure out what is wrong. The doctor diagnoses her with anemia, which is causing her dizziness, as a result of infection of intestinal worms. He prescribes her medicine to clear up the infection, recommends she increases the iron in her diet, wash her food properly, and tells her that she should always wear some form of shoes when she is working outside on the farm. Yixin follows the doctor’s instructions and is completely well by the time of her wedding. |
Submits an Animal Welfare Paper for the Consideration of His Holiness, Pope Francis for His Forthcoming Encyclical on the Environment
‘The Church, by the voice of her Sovereign Pontiffs, has placed herself at the head of the [animal defence] movement. It is for her to take the lead whenever she can make herself heard’.
We respectfully draw attention to the negative effects of intensive (factory) farming and the livestock industry – Documents such as the UN Food & Agriculture Organisation’s report Livestock’s Long Shadow (2006) show that modern intensive ‘factory’ farming makes grossly unfair use of limited natural resources. The livestock sector is a leading contributor to the most serious environmental problems at every level – land degradation, climate change, air and water pollution and loss of biodiversity. It also produces unprecedented health hazards. Far from solving the problem of feeding the world’s hungry, it increases it, as the conversion rate of protein from grain to meat is very poor compared with the direct use of plant-based protein. Studies therefore conclude that moving to a plant-based diet is the single biggest change an individual can make to counter the effects of hunger, climate change and ecological degradation. In other words, for the developing world to have enough to eat, the developed world needs to change its eating habits – even more than its travel methods.
– creates global food insecurity as one third of all arable land is used to produce feed for meat animals, not food for people;
– is extremely cruel to animals, causing them to live and end their lives in unnatural, unhealthy and often very painful conditions.
That last point is important, as the Catholic Church is widely perceived as not regarding animal suffering as a significant moral issue. The absolute primacy of human interests has led to an indifference to the condition of other creatures, an attitude that causes great scandal in sections of the secular community.
Opponents of the Church, some of whom are disillusioned former Catholics, contrast her silence at condemning cruelty to animals with the apparently more compassionate attitudes of agencies and people outside the Church. The drift of many Catholics to other religions, such as Buddhism, or to none, is often explained by the Church’s indifference or even hostility to animal interests.
We respectfully request, therefore, that animals and their welfare are mentioned in this and future documents, and that all aspects of cruelty are condemned. As Aquinas noted, a lack of compassion and respect towards other creatures harms people. We all have a stake in a cruelty-free world, and to protect the most vulnerable of human lives – the unborn, newly born and elderly – we presume to advocate a pro-life ethic that is explicitly inclusive of all living beings.
Specific horrors, such as ‘blood’-fiestas and bullfights can and need to be condemned outright, while the general instrumentalisation of animals leads to an attitude of disregard for creatures as subjects in themselves and with a relationship with their Creator, independent of theirs with us, or ours with God’s.
We are inspired by the example of solidarity with and kindness to animals of saints such as Francis of Assisi, Philip Neri, Martin de Porres, and many others, and of the theme of the harmony with creation of the Desert Fathers and the Celtic saints of Britain and Ireland as living signs of a realised eschatology.
Advances in ethnology and animal studies have shown that many animals are far more capable of feeling, suffering and happiness than was previously thought when earlier Catholic theologians and philosophers proposed their teachings. It is therefore incumbent upon the present generation to develop theological understanding, which takes account of more recent findings. There are teachings of, for example, St Thomas Aquinas, which can be revisited and revisioned, as well as those of, for example, Blessed John Henry Newman, which could be more highly emphasised. One of these is the abhorrence in which he held the practice of vivisection, calling it ‘satanic’, an attitude shared by Cardinal Manning of Westminster, who helped to found a society opposed to it which continues today.
We also request that attention be given in the pastoral field, especially when companion animals are adopted into families. Two-thirds of all UK households have pets. They help to strengthen the family and to tutor the heart to compassion and caring, yet there are no resources to help families with the bereavement of a beloved pet, or burial of it. Being welcomed into church is a rare event, and some; particularly elderly people are prevented from attending Mass because they cannot leave their dogs behind. Pet blessing services are becoming common in churches of other Traditions, but much less so in Catholic ones.
There is nothing within Catholic education or formation from seminary to infant school that attends to animal creation as a moral issue and as one that can help lead to a compassionate culture. Please note – there is a disparity of gender in this concern. The sheer weight of numbers of women involved in animal organisations compared with those of men indicates this, and it would be good for those (men) who govern the Church to show that they are listening to these concerns of women.
– For your official support: to know that you take the treatment of animals as a serious moral concern.
– For positive expressions in public addresses and documents of the Church’s concern for the wellbeing of the animal creation.
– For encouragement in the work of each of the curial departments, particularly those concerning liturgy, doctrine, education and formation, to put and keep animal ethics and theology on the agenda.
– For ongoing communication, to be allowed to act as a consultative body to the Church at all levels; and to be involved in official channels in the development of the theology of animals.
In the light of the above, we recommend the following revisions to the ‘animal paragraphs’ in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. In place of the present wording, we propose:
n.2415. The seventh commandment enjoins religious respect for the integrity of God’s creation. The mineral and vegetable resources of the universe are the common patrimony of the world’s people: the use of these resources cannot be divorced from environmental considerations for present and future generations. Economic development must proceed only in consideration of the flourishing of eco-systems that support life. All living creatures have been created for their own purposes and with their own interests, which must be respected by human beings. People’s stewardship over them, granted by the Creator, must not be abused, for human dominion is a role of service, not tyranny. People’s treatment, therefore, of other creatures must be governed by moral imperative.
n.2416. The inclusion of further examples of saints who have treated animals respectfully and compassionately.
n.2417. God entrusted animals to the stewardship of those whom he created in his own image [Cf. Gen 2:19-20; Gen 9:1-4]. Hence human beings must remember that animals, both domestic and wild, belong to God, not to them, and so treat them with all kindness and consideration, animals should not be treated as property. When people use animals to meet their legitimate basic needs, which cannot otherwise be met, they must do their utmost to secure the well being of the animals to the highest possible degree, and not give priority to the concerns of income and profit. People must not make animals work beyond their strength, nor impose living conditions contrary to their natures. They should not engage in leisure pursuits, which, directly or indirectly, cause suffering to animals. The use of animals in experiments, other than for the benefit of the individual animals concerned, (or, in rare cases, for the sake of the animals’ own species) is not an appropriate exercise of human stewardship.
n.2418. By adopting in love the roles of servant and priest of creation, the human being goes beyond simply fulfilling duties towards animals. People’s love for them must be appropriate to the needs of the species. It is contrary to God’s rights over his creation for animals to be caused any suffering, and especially premature death, except under exceptional circumstances and where no alternative course of action is available. While the relief of human suffering must always be a duty of the Church, that is not to disregard the legitimate use of resources for the relief of animal suffering.
Catholic Animal Theological Primary Source: The School of Compassion: A Roman Catholic Theology of Animals by Dr Deborah Jones (Gracewing, 2009) |
__ With gravity in your gas tank, the shortest line between two celestial points becomes a cosmic loop-de-loop. __
On Earth, falling is a straightforward business, and gravity rather dull: You're up, then you're down. That's it.
In space, though, things are different. In space there is no rest; everything is falling. But it falls around, not down. Planets fall around stars, moons fall around planets. They keep going forever, yet they do not repeat themselves. As soon as there are more than two things falling around each other, gravity becomes complicated, new paths endlessly become available. Johannes Kepler, who put rules to the planets' movements in the 17th century, imagined them humming a ceaselessly shifting melody, the music of the spheres.
So in space, falling is a science, inscribed in Kepler's laws and Isaac Newton's equations. It's also a practical skill. A cleverly designed trajectory means that a spacecraft uses less fuel - always at a premium - and thus gets to places it otherwise could not afford to go. And in some hands, it's an art.
Take NASA's Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous spacecraft. Having been thrown off Earth by a Delta-2 rocket on February 17, 1996, NEAR has been falling around the sun ever since. For its first year in space, NEAR fell away from Sol, and past the orbit of Mars, farther than any spacecraft reliant on solar power had ever gone before. Then, slowly at first, NEAR began to drop back in. On June 27, 1997, it flew past an asteroid called Mathilde, only the second spacecraft to visit one of these flying mountains, sending back pictures of a lump of coal the size of Hawaii's Big Island. On January 23, 1998, NEAR was back at its home planet, passing so close that Earth's gravity was able to reshape its path. The spacecraft whipped over the southern oceans and flew off in a new direction, finally ready for its rendezvous with the near-Earth asteroid Eros.
Eros is not to be a one-night stand like Mathilde; it is NEAR's final destination. If all goes as planned, the little spacecraft will swing into orbit around Eros in February and start mapping the tiny world in exquisite detail. From then on, the asteroid and the spacecraft will be inseparable, NEAR falling around Eros while Eros falls around the sun.
Why take such a long way around? Largely to save fuel and thus money. The Delta-2 rocket that lobbed NEAR up into the sky did not have enough energy to throw it straight to Eros. Although Eros comes pretty close to Earth at times, the plane in which it falls around the sun is at an angle to the plane Earth orbits in, which means it takes more oomph than you might expect to get there. Only by heading off in a completely different direction for a year and then coming back, on a course perfectly chosen to make the best use of Earth's gravity, could NEAR ever make it out to Eros.
It takes an odd scientific subtlety to see that sort of possibility. That subtlety is part of what has made NEAR's mission director - a short, dapper engineer named Bob Farquhar - one of the space program's unlikely stars. It may be the only subtle thing about him. Farquhar can be so full of himself he overflows. But he's also a master of the art of the fall in all its unearthly exuberance. Asteroids, comets, even plain old planets - he can find you an unusually cost-effective way to any of them. And recently that's been a skill much in demand.
For a long time, the overall trajectory of NASA's planetary-exploration program seemed to echo the way things fell on Earth: It went downhill, slowly but surely. Missions beyond Earth's orbit became rarer and rarer - a couple each decade or so. In the early 1990s, though, the trajectory turned, when NASA set up a new planetary-science program: the Discovery missions, designed to be scientifically impressive but cheap and small-scale, run by freestanding teams of scientists, laboratories, and companies rather than the space agency's in-house bureaucracy. NEAR was the first of these missions to be launched, Mars Pathfinder the second, Lunar Prospector the third. The fourth, Stardust, a spacecraft that will bring samples of a comet's dust plume back to Earth, set off in February '99.
By summer 1999, NASA had chosen four more missions from the dozens of applications made for funds. And on two of them, scheduled for liftoff in 2002 and 2004, Farquhar is mission director: Messenger is to voyage to Mercury, finishing off the mapping of that planet begun in 1973 and left in limbo during planetary exploration's lean years. Contour is to send a simple little spacecraft falling past a series of comets in an orbit that looks like a party streamer caught in a tornado. The latter project is Farquhar's pride and joy. "Asteroids are OK, but I like comets," says the navigational artist. "They have unique characters" - and that's an attribute he appreciates. Contour's mission to three comets, using Earth flybys to change its trajectory six times, is a minimum-fuel, maximum-panache mission no one else would have thought of.
Despite a close encounter with congressional budget cutters in October that threatened to wreck all Farquhar's plans, Messenger and Contour are still on track for their launch. And though he's at work helping them along and planning follow-ups, Farquhar's never too busy to brag a bit, to bitch ("When I get a little successful I become a prima donna"), or to critique other people's plans, crowing over how they could have done things better with a phasing orbit or an extra flyby. It's a rare discussion with Farquhar that doesn't include the phrase "Well, if they'd listened to me ...."
"The man is a genius with celestial pinball," says Don Yeomans, a comet and asteroid specialist who's known Farquhar for 30 years, "and he'd be the first to admit it."
When he finished high school in Chicago in the early '50s, Bob Farquhar could see nothing better to do with his time than hang around basketball courts, play the odd game of pool, and chase nurses at the hospital where his mother worked. He drifted in and out of jobs and colleges, then spent a few years as a paratrooper. Although it would be fitting if his choice of jobs in the military had resulted from a love of free-fall trajectories, the truth is, he simply wanted to show that a little guy could still be a tough guy.
After a stint in Korea, he started thinking about aerospace engineering, having always liked designing and building model airplanes. Then, in 1957, while he was taking his first celestial-mechanics course at the University of Illinois, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik. Farquhar's professor had his students calculate the orbit, and Farquhar realized he'd stumbled onto something pretty neat. It wasn't much later that he realized he was good at it. In his PhD thesis, Farquhar described how you could put a space probe into an orbit with nothing at its center. When something smaller orbits something bigger (Earth around the sun, the moon around Earth) there is a point between them where the two gravitational fields effectively cancel each other out. These points are at the center of what Farquhar calls "halo orbits," in which a spacecraft loops around and around nothing, like a knot on a jump rope swung by two kids. Thirty years after Farquhar described how to get to such orbits, they have become popular destinations for all sorts of space missions.
__ "Farquhar is a genius with celestial pinball," says a colleague who's known him for 30 years, "and he'd be the first to admit it." __
In the early '70s, Farquhar was a key member of the first team to make use of a halo orbit, putting a spacecraft called International Sun-Earth Explorer 3 into a closed loop nearly 1 million miles sunward of Earth to study the solar wind. When it became clear NASA was not going to send a mission to Halley's comet, Farquhar found a way to flip ISEE-3 out of its original orbit and use some of the fuel left in its tanks to send it careering around the Earth-moon system. The fifth time it passed Earth's natural satellite, the probe was heading in just the right direction for the moon's gravity to fling it through the tail of a comet called Giacobini-Zinner - about six months before spacecraft from Japan, the Soviet Union, and Europe made it to Halley, thus making the US the first country to reach a comet. "Getting there," Farquhar later remarked about this piece of one-upmanship, "is half the fun."
Meanwhile, the scientists who'd been using ISEE-3 to study solar wind watched in a huff as the craft was swiped from their project.
In the process of getting to Giacobini-Zinner, Farquhar invented one of his finest orbital tricks, the double lunar swingby. Chauncey Uphoff, one of Farquhar's few peers in the trajectory business and a man who's also been known to wield a fair pool cue, calls it "not just a useful exploration tool but a discovery of great beauty." Its utility comes from the fact that it allows you to change the angle between a satellite's trajectory around Earth and the line between Earth and the sun. If you're going from Earth's orbit to another planet, that's a trick you need to master. Farquhar found a way to do it cheaply with a set of trajectories symmetrical with respect to the moon that can be used to shift the orbit around with respect to the sun. If you believed, like Kepler, in the music of the spheres, thinking up the double lunar swingby was like writing a repeatable riff that can serve as a segue between different tunes in different time signatures.
As a writer of new orbital tunes, Farquhar was a natural. But he wanted to play them, too. And unfortunately, in the decades he was at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland, there was a distinct lack of space-going instruments on which to perform. The few planetary missions NASA was launching were all under the control of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the large facility dedicated mostly to planetary science that Caltech runs for NASA. ISEE-3 - renamed International Cometary Explorer, aka ICE, when it set out for Giacobini-Zinner - was the only mission Farquhar was able to run in all his time at Goddard.
Then, after his retirement from NASA in 1990, Farquhar, like the planetary program in general, got a new lease on life.
The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory keeps a low profile, which is entirely to the satisfaction of its clients in the Pentagon. It has designed a lot of spacecraft, but many of them have been military satellites. However, as defense spending fell after the Cold War, it made sense to look elsewhere for business, and the head of APL's space division, Stamatios "Tom" Krimigis, set his sights on the solar system.
It was partly thanks to some remarks by Krimigis that, in 1990, NASA first started thinking about the possibility of a bargain-basement asteroid mission in the $150 million range. JPL said that such economy was simply impossible. APL came in with an estimate of about $110 million. After a little politics, APL's NEAR became the first Discovery mission; the Mars Pathfinder, run out of JPL, became the second. By that time, Krimigis had gone out and hired Bob Farquhar.
Small space missions depend crucially on the small teams that run them. While aiming to be "faster, cheaper, better" (per NASA administrator Daniel Goldin's exhortation), they also tend to be more human, taking place on the scale of a neighborhood gang and rife with idiosyncrasies - of people, of programming, of personality. Tom Krimigis saw a place for bright, brash Farquhar on his staff: "He was the right man; this was the right place."
Farquhar describes his mission-manager role at APL as being like an architect's. Given an objective, such as getting to an asteroid, he takes account of the requirements, the technical possibilities, the politics, and the opportunities for chutzpah, and comes up with a plan that balances all the forces - budgetary, scientific, and gravitational. His plans have the elegance of form following function, and they also have decorative detailing - quirky, clever, sometimes self-indulgent. There are various flourishes on the NEAR flight path, for instance, that are pure showmanship, and one - getting the mission's first data from the Mathilde flyby just before JPL's Pathfinder landed on the face of Mars - that looks nicely political.
Like many architects, Farquhar is a mathematician, a politician, a show-off - and a romantic. He's the man with the ideas, and the Discovery program has an eager appetite for them.
Sometimes, though, spacecraft have ideas of their own. Take the afternoon of Sunday, December 20, 1998. Farquhar was watching the 49ers on a little portable in his office, killing time before overseeing a critical fine-tuning of NEAR's fall toward Eros. When his boys finally lost he headed off down APL's seemingly endless corridors to the mission operations room, where the NEAR team was getting ready for a crucial shove from the spacecraft's main engine that would slow the craft down just enough for it to go into orbit around the asteroid 21 days later.
In the mission operations center Farquhar's place was at the head of a largish table around which the project's other top brass were gathered. Next door, the operations crew huddled around computer workstations. Various people shuttled between the rooms, notably Mark Holdridge. Farquhar is the overall mission manager, but he isn't one for the details of actually running a spacecraft. That's Holdridge's job; you could tell he was the point man from the fact that it was his name on all the empty pizza boxes neatly stacked in the corner.
There were only about 15 people in each room, but even so there was not, in truth, much for most of the managers to do. The instructions telling the spacecraft how and when to start its engine had been sent up long before. The people around the table were for the most part spectators, not players - but spectators with a deep investment and immense expertise. Everyone there knew that Mars Observer, a near-billion-dollar JPL project, was lost in 1993 while the lab attempted a maneuver much like the one NEAR was about to undertake. But unlike Mars Observer, NEAR had already used its main engines, and they had given it no trouble at all. The biggest practical concern anyone had was the weather in California. There were strong winds at the site of the antenna listening to NEAR's faint, reassuring signals, and if there were any more gusts over 50 mph, the antenna would be shut down.
At the appointed time, the spacecraft announced that it had started the course correction by firing its hydrazine thrusters - miniature engines turned on to settle the fuel in the tanks before the main rocket switched on. Then, at the point when the main engine was meant to ignite that fuel, contact with NEAR was lost. The group reassured itself that this was not inauspicious. While the spacecraft was maneuvering, the antenna may well have lost track of its signal, the frequency of which shifts as the probe's velocity changes. Besides, to relieve tension, you could always tease Farquhar. "If you didn't have any friends or relations, we could have been there two years ago," someone quipped.
To get the joke you have to know that the entire mission was carefully timed: It was no coincidence Farquhar had visited his first wife's grave that morning; December 20 was Bonnie Farquhar's birthday. January 10, 1999, the day the spacecraft was due at Eros, was the fifth anniversary of his civil marriage to his second wife, Irina. The mission's nominal completion date, February 6, 2000, was the anniversary of his church weddings to both Irina and Bonnie.
Farquhar fine-tuned the mission's design to get NEAR to Eros a little earlier than it would otherwise have done, in order to commemorate the loves of his life.
The fact that he was able to do this gives him great sentimental pleasure; letting it be known that he's done it gives him a stunt to brag about. Some people say such self-indulgence costs Farquhar credibility. Others find it almost as amusing as he does.
Amusing, but never without risk. Perhaps because falling - even when done in the highest-tech way possible - is always nerve-racking, ex-paratrooper Farquhar is a great believer in contingency plans. One navigational error - in the case of JPL's ill-fated Mars Climate Orbiter, mistaking English measurements for metric ones - can result in the loss of an entire mission. So while Isaac Newton's doing the driving, as Apollo 8 astronaut Bill Anders once put it, Farquhar's in the backseat keeping a very careful eye on what's coming up. Throughout the NEAR mission he'd had his colleague David Dunham calculating all sorts of trajectories that could be put to use if things went wrong.
Ten minutes into NEAR's December 20 silence, Dunham walked into the managers' part of the operations center, his document case of contingency calculations held to his chest in both hands like a little shield.
Dunham is Farquhar's closest partner and his almost perfect complement. Where Farquhar is short and expansive, Dunham is tall and shy. Farquhar chatters, Dunham mumbles. Farquhar starts with sharp insights and follows through with broad brush strokes. Dunham works out details with deliberate, exacting precision. Farquhar cheerfully collects the accolades for the both of them; Dunham doesn't seem to mind.
"The architects are the dreamers, and the engineers are the doers," says Holdridge, remembering a summer spent working as an inspector on the Baltimore subway. "And that's very much the way I look at the relationship that Bob has with Dave and me. Bob puts the splash and one-upmanship into the equation, and we figure out how to get it done. Then he takes the credit." Indeed, Farquhar will tell you exactly the same thing; he takes pride in it. "And that almost makes it bearable," says Holdridge, with a grin. "At least he's honest."
Dunham's arrival at mission operations was an opportunity for more banter. After all, no one really thought the spacecraft was lost. It was just the course correction interfering with communications. Wasn't it? Sure it was, they reassured each other.
But the spacecraft was still silent. And, increasingly, so were the managers. The operations team next door, though, was making itself busy. Various ideas were being floated, the most popular of which seemed to be that the people in charge of the antenna were looking in the wrong place or at the wrong frequency. Then there was the possibility that the spacecraft had already started looking at Eros, which it had to do to check its navigation, and thus wasn't pointing its antenna at Earth.
After a couple of hours, the innocent explanations were all used up. Something was wrong. Analysis of the spacecraft's last radio transmissions showed that the rocket burn clearly hadn't happened and that something bad most likely had. Crisis meetings were called. Still the silence went on. Farquhar was convinced NEAR was gone for good. When he called Irina late on Sunday night, he asked her what it was like being married to a failure.
Tom Krimigis, though, never lost faith. "We will get it back if we just keep trying," he told everyone, apparently unflappable.
Sure enough, after 27 hours of silence, NEAR's radio was heard again. Holdridge's team eventually worked out that when the main engine had started up on the 20th, it had done so a bit roughly, and the spacecraft had immediately shut the rocket down in self-defense. This left NEAR tumbling, and for reasons that are still not entirely clear, it found getting out of the tumble difficult. In its flapping about, it went "antisun" - its solar arrays found themselves in shadow - and lost power. Worried, as its programmers had taught it to be, it shut down various systems (including the radio) and concentrated on getting power back.
After spending the day basking in the sun recharging its batteries, NEAR started scanning the sky with its radio beams again, calling for Earth. Earth heard it, and a couple of dozen earthlings let out sighs of relief.
By the early morning of December 22, Mark Holdridge's operations team had put the little ship back on an even keel. But the relative motions of spacecraft and asteroid meant that any possibility of slowing its fall in such a way as to get to Eros on the appointed date was long gone. New instructions were rushed up to the spacecraft so that the asteroid - three or four Everests jammed together into an elongated kidney shape - could be caught on camera as it tumbled past at about 2,000 mph later that day. Most spacecraft encounters are planned over the course of months; this one was hacked together in a matter of hours.
And so 15 years to the day after they skimmed ISEE-3/ICE over the dark side of the moon and outward to a comet, Bob Farquhar and David Dunham were feverishly busy again. Farquhar was not going to be satisfied with just a flyby of Eros, a mission that would go down as at best a partial success. "I'm a poor loser," he told me once, before checking himself with a grin and adding, "but I'm a poor winner, too - I rub the other guy's face in it."
Farquhar and Dunham combed the contingency plans for the best possibilities. One involved a maneuver on December 28 that would have gotten the probe into orbit around Eros on July 20, 1999. Farquhar quite liked that - it would be the 30th anniversary of the first Apollo moon landing. It would also be the 23rd anniversary of the first American robot landing on Mars - an event originally intended for July 4, 1976. (Farquhar is not the only person in the space program who has a weakness for anniversaries.)
Some of the people at NASA headquarters and APL thought a rocket burn so soon after getting the spacecraft back would be a bit too risky, however. Another orbit was produced, and on January 3, 1999, having been told not to be quite so sensitive to a bit of rocket-induced roughness, NEAR fired its main engine perfectly for what was probably the last time.
On February 2, 2000, NEAR's little maneuvering engines will apply the final touches to its new trajectory. With well over a billion miles on the odometer, the tiny spacecraft will rendezvous with Eros on February 14 - Valentine's Day. Even in extremis, Farquhar has had time to indulge himself.
In a way, that time may be running out. Next-generation planetary missions will make ever more use of ion engines, devices capable of delivering low thrust for very long periods of time. That will allow them to do things that falling alone would never permit. There will still be a place for craft and guile - fuel will always matter. But the skills involved in finding odd little pathways around the solar system will be less vital when fully motorized vehicles go where they will.
Farquhar, though, has got more than enough up in the air to satisfy him for the rest of his career. There's Messenger, there's Contour - and there's always ICE. The tiny spacecraft he threw to a comet in 1983 is slowly wending its way back to Earth. It will arrive in August 2014, and Farquhar has every intention of being around to greet the prodigal, kill a fatted calf or two - and send it straight off somewhere else.
ICE doesn't have much by way of fuel or state-of-the-art instrumentation, but it's falling toward a flyby with Earth, and that's enough for Farquhar. Maybe he'll put it back into the halo orbit from which he took it as a way of placating the solar physicists who still think he basically stole the spacecraft from them. Maybe there will be another comet worth visiting. And maybe he'll find a way to throw it off somewhere completely new, letting it fall down a path no one else ever imagined.
> My name is ErWei Zhang.I'm a wirshark user in China.I want to capture WIFI data.How to capture them?How to set wireshark?
> Yesterday,I used wireshark capture some wifi data. But I think it didn't capture all I want.It contain some ARP data,not have IEEE 802.11data. Why?
Because WinPcap doesn't support the Native 802.11 mechanism in Vista and later (which might also be in later service packets of Windows XP). Even if it did (making it do so would be a significant change), in order to capture non-data frames and to see the 802.11 headers on data frames, the driver for your wireless adapter would *also* have to support Native 802.11, and not all of them necessarily do (especially on Windows XP).
In addition, in order to capture that traffic, the adapter would have to be put into monitor mode, which would, on Windows, disassociate you from whatever network you're associated with, at least according to Microsoft:
If you want to capture 802.11 traffic on Windows, you might want to try using CACE Technologies' AirPcap devices:
What do you do when you don’t have snow? The holidays are different in Florida, so in West Palm Beach we celebrate the season with a tropical twist and present our Holiday in Paradise. Each December the City of West Palm Beach creates a unique tropical-themed holiday experience featuring “Sandi,” the world’s ONLY giant holiday tree sculpted from 600 tons of sand, featuring nightly music and light shows.
Join us for our holiday festivities beginning with the annual tree lighting at Clematis by Night, the City’s free weekly concert series on the Waterfront, and the holiday celebrations continue throughout the season with lots of family-friendly activities on the West Palm Beach Waterfront.
Sandi, the world’s only 600-ton holiday tree sculpted from sand featuring dazzling musical light shows nightly with over 5000 lights
Four additional 25-ton sand sculptures, each with its own unique theme on the West Palm Beach Waterfront |
I'm late. But I'm finally planning a mail order. I'm am aware that some of my choices may be sold out but this is what I'm considering. I'm mail ordering from one nursery only and I'm choosing that one because I have a credit for some free plants because of photos that I allowed them to use. I DO also have an excellent hosta nursery 15 minutes away.
This is what I'm considering. I'd be very interested in your collective experience with any of these plants.
I'd REALLY like to hear what experiences others have had with ANY of these plants. I've compared prices with my local hosta nursery and will get some locally. Have to determine whether the nursery that said I could have a couple free plants for the use of my pictures will let me choose which ones I get free.
I've eliminated 'Little Jay' and I've pushed the BME series to the bottom of the list. I already have several and after awhile they all look alike.
And then there's the appeal to ME factor. I've getting positive feedback re 'Foxfire Palm Sunday', but I'm not sure it appeals to ME.
I had 'little jay'. Note had! It is really little. Smaller that the mouse hosta. Looking forward to see what other think. I'm to new to hostas to be much help.
My Little Jay croaked, just never thrived. Mind you, I still have Tattoo growing after five or six years so it's not like I can't grow a difficult hosta.
I bought Wheee' at local nursery and think it will be nice in a couple of years. Hope the mature leaves are bordered with yellow.
Paul - I already have 'Snow Mouse'. I've decided that so many of the "mice" are unstable or like each other that I'm not gonna get any more except maybe 'Mystic Mouse' someday because it's like 'Cat and Mouse' but brighter colour. My second 'Cat and Mouse' has already reverted.
How long have you had 'Snow Mouse'? Mine looked like it was reverting the first year and I called them about it. They said that they would send me a new one, but when it came up the next year it was fine! I called them to tell them not to send the replacement, but they did anyway! Such sweet guys! You may want to call them to let them know, but it might be okay next year.
I got it in July 2 years ago. Will have to look to see how well (or not) it is doing this year. None of mine are growing very fast.
My 'Royal Mouse Ears' had two eyes that were reverting this year. Now I'm back to one eye. Where did you find a picture of 'Mystic Mouse', Ann? I tried searching, but can't find a picture. Sounds like one I will have to put on my list.
I found it at http://www.goldenbrookhostas.c... but they ship to Canada only. However, Cindy, who runs it is heading to the convention soon. She likely can't bring things across, but she might be able to ask questions on your behalf or give you suggestions where you could get it.
It takes the mouse hostas a bit to decide if they like where they are planted. My BME stayed small for the first three to four years and this year she's about tripled in size. My other Mouse Ears are all coming along, slowly, but coming just the same.
I have all of mine in a large planter and each winter, I put them into my veggie garden, I'm thinking it doesn't help them to be disturbed twice a year, though this past year, I potted each of them and sunk the pot in the garden. That way, I just slip them out of the pot in the spring and back into the planter.
Thanks Ann for the website. I'm adding 'Mystic Mouse' and 'Moon Split' to my list! Hopefully they will be available next year here. Naylor Creek may have them now, but don't even want to look again!
Of the one's you listed that I have, here are how mine are doing -- most are fairly new (last year or before)
Dancing Mouse $25 - (Still happily dancing -- waving in leaf remains and still have 1 eye this year)
Little Stiffy $15 - (had a tough go of it getting started last year -- had to provide a little tlc... seems to have rebounded this year but very little)
Last week we visited Dan Bachman’s hybridizing program in Lebanon, Ohio. This week’s hybridizer is located a short drive away in Dayton, Ohio at Pleasant Valley Gardens, the home of hybridizer Joel Thomas Polston.
Joel Thomas Polston (he prefers “Tom”) started in daylilies much like the rest of us. Looking to fill some empty spots around the yard with color, he purchased a few daylilies. The ‘’yard” is 38 acres purchased in 1996 complete with an 1843 federal style farmhouse, outbuildings and barn. What started as a few daylilies has evolved into one of the premier hybridizing programs for daylilies with teeth earning Tom the nickname “the dentist”. Tom believes you should hybridize what you like while working for good plants, bud count and branching. He starts his seedlings indoors in February then hardens them off outside before planting in April/May. With several thousand new seedlings to plant and care for each year added to the thousands already in the garden, time spent weeding became a concern. The answer was developing a system of drilling holes with a doorknob drill into several layers of black plastic. This method has become a timesaver for other daylily hybridizers as Tom freely shares his creative idea to a centuries old problem of gardeners, weed control. Along with the thousands of seedlings are display beds containing over 2000 registered cultivars and summer pasture for the resident Clydesdales.
With names like ‘Deadliest Catch’, ‘Born to Bite’,’ Interview with a Vampire’, ‘Riding a Chainsaw’, ‘Carnivore’ and ‘Swimming with Sharks’ it’s not hard to relate Tom’s main hybridizing goal of daylilies with teeth to his inspiration for names.
Only in daylilies for around 16 years, Tom’s hybridizing is being noticed not only by growers and collectors but by others looking to work with teeth and with the AHS garden judges. As of 2012 his cultivars have received 18 Junior Citations and 5 Honorable Mentions (HM). The first HM’s were in 2010 for ‘Forever Blowing Bubbles’ and ‘Raspberry Goosebumps’.
In 2011 his ‘Bob Faulkner’ received an HM and in 2012 the cultivar’s ‘Interview with a Vampire’ and ‘Lady Stephanie Victoria Redding’ were awarded HM’s.
In 2011 Joel Thomas Polston was awarded the AHS Region 2 Howard Hite Award, an award given yearly by Region 2 to a Region 2 hybridizer to honor a hybridizer’s continued efforts to improve daylilies.
I have INTERVIEW WITH A VAMPIRE that was new last fall and did not bloom for me this year. I like many of his flowers and can't wait to see his future intros. BTW, did any of you catch what a SF of DEADLIEST CATCH sold for on the auction recently?
Thank you Debra & Betty. Tom's Wild Hair was new this year and I didn't get an image of it when it bloomed I really like the fine fringy edges rather than the thicker edge with large teeth. Would LOVE to get Deadliest Catch some day, not only for the bloom but it's one of my husband's favorite shows. Have to add a few dl's he likes so he'll help wih the tilling and mowing.
adding Neanderthal to my "want list"... I love the upright form and can't wait to see what comes out of them in the future.
Received Swimming with Sharks and Swimming with Barracudas as gifts will have to wait for next summer to see the blooms.
In 2013 Tom's 'Ruffles and Ribbons' (2003), a pretty red lightly pleated sculpted form, received an AHS Honorable Mention.
Love visiting Pleasant Valley! I try to make it there every year for Northern Mecca weekend. And I always want the seedlings he won't sell me!!!!!!
I don't have the budget for the wonderful toothy/ tendril ones ( but I do keep buying a lottery ticket and dreaming )
So glad you started a Polston thread, because he is rapidly becoming a favorite of mine. I have Red Ragamuffin coming in May.
Besides the tets, all of his diploids this season are amazing Lemon Drop Lollipops, Star Of Kryptonite
Lucky you Lisa, one of these days I will get out to Tom's and see his place. Pretty image of Sea Dragon and your son's seedling...he's got great taste! Love it
Alex, the few of Tom's that I grow do very well up here. The only toothy one I have I think is Wild Hair. Red Ragamuffin should be a good one, I almost bid on one of the listings for it on the LA over the winter. Those seedling crosses should give you some nice seedlings to work with.
Char…..It's difficult to get your hands on Polston's toothy plants. Not too many southern growers have them, and a lot of his plants are only available through his collections only. When Polston's plants show up on the LA, they are still expensive and get snapped up quickly. I was lucky with 'Red Ragamuffin'. I brought it as a reserved buy from James Hall (mljomo) last October. Since I work a lot with seeds and seedlings, the easiest way for me to get these toothy wonders, is to buy the seed crosses. But even the seeds are tres chere (expensive)! I am very excited about these seedlings, I am growing.
I don't buy many diploid plants, but am rapidly changing my mind after seeing his collections. You are correct, Char, his 'patterned' daylilies are to die for. There are several, I would like to get my hands on "Lemon Drop Lollipops", "Crimson & Clover".
I love reviews like this with the opening of boxes. Is there a reason you posted this as a blog entry instead of a Green Pages review?
Yes, I do have a reason. Three of the five plants were dormant when I received them, and I don't want to recommend the nursery until I see the quality of all the plants.
When I first moved into my old house it had Hostas out front, and ferns, in sun all day! I transplanted the ferns
to shade and a co-worker came and took the Hostas, man they were huge!!! I did not like them as they were just
green and took forever to shoot out a unimpressive flower. Now here I am at my new home wanting to plant some because of what I saw in my neighbor`s yard, she has a Hostas/Fern garden in her shady area and they look so pretty, and the Hostas are the variegated ones, which I do like compared to the plain green ones I don`t care for.
So now I appreciate what they can be when grouped with other types of plants, glad I saw my neighbor`s flower garden or I would of missed out!
As Gerry said, hostas come in all sizes, shapes and many colours - several greens, blue, white, yellow and all sorts of combinations. You might want to check out the Hosta Library http://www.hostalibrary.org/ which has links to lots of information about hostas as well as many, many pictures.
Welcome Jerry.......there is a picture of some of my hostas on the multi-plant photos right now........
Freedombel, Welcome to the addiction. There are many more hostas out there than just the "green or variegated" ones. The colors of the hostas can be so subtle as to entrance you in the gardens. But remember, don't over look the plain green ones, they too have their place. They will calm a busy garden and make it more relaxing and tranquil.
Here is a link to the Hosta Library http://www.hostalibrary.org/ Have fun looking at what you can find in the world of Hostas.
My co-worker said she wants to dig up and give me some of hers this spring, I am all for saving some money, hey, freebies, I can
take what she gives me and buy the other varieties......only hope I can get them before the deer in her area eats them up!, she said
Linda you sound just like me. I hated hostas. I had a house that had 90% shade and when I moved in all they had was green hostas. I thought they were ugly and dug most of them out and planted flowers. Most of the flowers did not do well because of the shade. I started on the forums 20 yrs ago and saw all the people showing pictures of their Hosta gardens and I got hooked.
As if the colors were not pretty enough I discovered some had fragrant flowers. I traveled a lot and would return home in the evening and when the cab driver would walk me to the door with my luggage he would ask me what was that beautiful fragrance around my property. When I told him it was hostas he did not believe. After setting my luggage down I walked him around the back and showed him and told him to smell. He said he was going home and tell his wife to plant Hostas. It was Sept and he said he did not smell that fragrance around his house unless it was July and the Oriental Liles were in bloom.
I have deer problems. Even if the deer eat them and she is still willing to give them to you take them. They only eat the leaves and they will still grow plus if the leaves are gone they will be easier for you to move. They will probably loose the leaves when you dig them up or they will not look good anyway if you dig when they are fully sprouted. But they will grow back just as pretty and big next year.
I use the green hostas even in my sunny areas as ground cover to hide lily leaves, and other flowering plants that look so bad after the blooms are gone.
This is the bulb garden that I use the green hosta as a ground cover to hide the leaves when the plants are done blooming. I plant a lot of spring bulbs, summer bulbs and mini roses in between the hostas. The bed looks full all seasons.
Images of gardens shared by Garden Making readers. Click image for details. More galleries: Plants | Container gardening | Submit your photo |
Founded in 2000, the Phoenix (HuaYun) Artistic Troupe is the largest Chinese dance organization In Montreal. We are a performing art organization of Chinese dancers, singers, musicians, acrobats, and martial artists. We are dedicated to help Canadian audiences to learn about Chinese culture and local Chinese community through our performing arts in Canada. Every year, we offer various shows to our audiences. Our shows are the most highly anticipated and well-attended events in greater Montreal area among Chinese community.
Anything about politics, left or right or middle. Historical politics, current events, George W. Bush, wars, terrorism, 9/11, African-Americans in New Orleans killed by the Bush Administration because
The Surge 2 — the continuation of an amazing shooter, which gained enormous popularity. As far as we know, he is made in the style of cyberpunk and he manages to attract the attention of millions of people. I would like to note that here the developers decided to combine the role category with a shooter. Fight monsters, go through numerous tasks and much more. It so happened that monsters and zombies appeared in our world, we will have to somehow fight with them. Try to prove yourself that no one will defeat you. Destroy the fierce creatures with the help of unique features, various weapons and some other amazing things. We hope that you will succeed.
The events of continuation will introduce us to a completely different, already new threat. We will have to get acquainted with the global climate collapse. So it turns out that the planet is completely overcrowded with people. Scientists are doing everything to find some technological tools. We must try to stop the climate threat. One day, everything gets out of control and scientists become some victim. They simply turn into creatures and no one knows what to do next, how to live at all.
Try to take care of your own suit, because with him there may be serious problems. Pump the costume, defend from enemies and try to find as many objects as possible, thanks to which it will be possible to destroy everyone who gets in the way. Use the weapons, pay attention to your arsenal and remember that the hero from the game The Surge 2 has unique abilities. We hope that you will definitely like the project and will plunge into its passage right now.
This game will soon be available for download on our website. This is only the announcement of the game, where you can see the screenshots, watch the trailer and read the description.
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Who knows what the world will be like five years from now, let alone in twenty years? The only thing we know for sure is that change and uncertainty will continue, and that those who know how to adjust to change and uncertainty will live more comfortably and successfully. Unfortunately, the life skills you need for coping with change and uncertainty are not taught in school. Uncertainty is an ever-present issue, as is the need to cope with it. This has always been so and probably always will be so. For many people, it is often the cumulative stress of the small hassles of daily life that gets to them, or contributes to their eventual ill health by precipitating stress-related disorders.
Uncertainty is a condition in which you lack knowledge or confidence about what will happen to you in your daily life as it relates to your job, financial security, health, wellness, shelter, family, and safety on a personal, family, and community level. This brief article will address the issue of successfully dealing with the ever present uncertainty about your personal safety, security and survival. The way you deal with uncertainty has an impact on your overall health and well-being. The ability to cope successfully with uncertainty is necessary and essential to leading a productive and happy life. Failure to cope with uncertainty has unhealthy effects on your mind and body.
The key point to coping successfully with uncertainty is to stay calm, keep a cool head, and apply logical, rational, and effective ways to mastering the perils of uncertainty (i.e., good tactics). Staying calm means controlling the intensity of your negative emotions: anxiety, fear, anger, grief, sadness, rage, helplessness, alienation, cynicism, and the feeling that you have no future. When these emotions are not controlled, they impede your ability to think clearly and to process the information and facts around you in an effective and organized fashion.
Staying calm is a way of taming your emotional brain so that your executive, logical brain can rationally assess the facts in the present and plan your actions to be the most effective for your day-to-day living. The payoff for staying calm in the face of uncertainty is that you are able to see your options and choices more clearly and thus make the right choices. Staying calm enables you to ignore matters that could intrude and hinder you from achieving your goals. Here, we are referring to distractions that create noise and more anxiety.
The costs of not staying calm in the face of generalized uncertainty involve damaging your health, family life, effectiveness on the job, and the possibility of ending up feeling miserable and hopeless. When uncertainty in daily life is not effectively managed, your body may become a dumping ground for negative emotions, and you may experience a variety of bothersome physical symptoms. This negative mental and physical state is not conducive to maintaining personal security and assuring survival.
In addition, ineffective management of ongoing generalized uncertainty can lead to a chronic sense of feeling alienated from society. This can manifest in the form of cynicism, rejection of all moral and religious principles, and the feeling that life has no meaning, causing you to feel lost, dejected, and adrift, without purpose or direction. When you feel alienated like this, you become internally distracted and unable to stay abreast and aware of what is really going on in the immediate world around you.
Uncertainty is a fact of life. I believe that all uncertainty is fruitful, as long as it is accompanied by the wish to understand. On the other hand, uncertainty becomes an unnecessary burden when the fact of its reality is accompanied by the wish to deny that it exists, avoid the unknown, and by maladaptive efforts to manufacture evidence for certainty.
Nowadays, there seems to be more reasons to be afraid than in previous decades. The world is a more uncertain place than ever. There has been a sharp increase in the frequency of terrorist acts around the world, including in the United States. People are living with the threat of further terrorism, and the television and news media provide a continual stream of information that heightens the focus on these threats. Understandably, all of this has led many people to feel frightened of what the future may bring.
During this first decade of the 21st Century, many people, with good reason, have become less trusting in general, given increased media exposure of new kinds of scams, and a wide range of ways in which innocent people have been criminally victimized. Threats of violence, local, domestic and international, wars around the world, unstable and oppressive governments, and the use of terror also have contributed to instability. This has been reflected in a major change in the stability of the world economy. In addition, technology is changing at a pace that can be described conservatively as "warp speed." All of this change, instability, and uncertainty have made people feel more vulnerable.
Vulnerability stems from the feeling that one has no control over the outcomes of what happens in the world. Feeling vulnerable leads people to feel more endangered and threatened. It can shatter our basic sense of trust and security in the world, our belief that the world is a safe place to live in, and our expectations that we will be here tomorrow. Our vulnerability can become a breeding ground for fears of all types, and erode our feelings of comfort and security in carrying on our day-to-day activities. The lack of adequate support and connectedness to other people can also become a breeding ground for alienation.
Given all the instability and uncertainty in our world today, my purpose in writing this brief article is to empower you by giving you five simple and practical solutions for coping with daily uncertainty. These solutions can help you to counter your feelings of vulnerability, fear, and alienation, and aid you in mastering your fears of the future. For a more detailed exposition of these concepts, see our book, Coping With Uncertainty: 10 Simple Solutions (B.N. Eimer and M.S. Torem, 2002).
Let’s face it. When you leave the house in the morning, we don’t know for sure what is going to happen to us. We can get hit by a Mack truck, attacked by terrorists, accosted by criminals, come home to a burglarized house, and so on. So, it is necessary for us to accept uncertainty as a fact of life. We must follow the Boy Scout motto and be prepared for the worst and expect the best.
Prepare yourself mentally for tactical situations. Use mental rehearsal to go over different scenarios in your mind and rehearse mastery of them. Learning to think tactically means learning to think about how you can apply various self-defense and personal security techniques to accomplish survival tasks. These can be as simple and as common place as entering and exiting your vehicle.
This means avoiding distractions. Awareness refers to self-awareness as well as other and environmental awareness. You want to nurture a developing, ever present awareness of how you appear and employ your personality in different situations. And you want to develop a continual 360 degree awareness and attention to the world around you. You do not want to let people sneak up on you.
Our moods include negative feeling states as well as positive feeling states. Managing negative moods is imperative for maintaining your personal safety. When you are depressed, or angry, or afraid, you are often focused inward and not paying attention to the world around you. You then become a prime target for victimization. Additionally, if you suffer from chronic feelings of fear, which can often turn into depression and anger turned inward, this is not conducive to carrying concealed. Your focus instead is on how you feel rather than what you can do. It has been said that chronic feelers are losers. The solution is to act healthfully no matter how you feel. Don’t dawdle. Make decisions even if they are small ones. Take action. Don’t languish in regret. Focus on what you have to accomplish.
Improve your tolerance for frustration so you can weather any storm. Frustration means not getting what you want or getting what you don’t want. It refers to an obstruction that prevents you from reaching your goals. It refers to being hindered or restrained. Unfortunately, frustration is a fact of life. Ever since we humans were thrown out of the Garden of Eden, instant gratification has been a rare event. So, to live a healthy life, you must improve the coping skills that enable you to deal with frustration. Frustration tolerance refers to the ability to continue living a balanced, healthy, life despite encountering repeated interferences. It refers to how robust you are in the face of life’s stressors and challenges. How well you handle frustration forms the basis for how well you cope with uncertainty. When you build strong frustration tolerance skills, you empower yourself to cope more effectively in times of uncertainty.
Chronically facing uncertainty with no resolute strategy or tactics for handling it can lead to a state of chronic stress. This is because we have a basic biological need to resolve uncertainty. This need to resolve uncertainty is what motivates new learning experiences. In fact, there is an optimal level of uncertainty. Too much uncertainty may provoke excessive anxiety and tension; too little uncertainty may lead to boredom and indifference.
So, one key to not becoming worn out by persistent uncertainty is to find ways to moderate the degree of uncertainty that you deal with in your day-to-day living. A second key is to control your anxiety about uncertainty. This entails learning how to accept and tolerate uncomfortable feelings. Unbound continuing uncertainty extracts a toll on your body. It triggers the "stress response," also called the "fight-flight response." This set of physical and mental reactions to uncertainty, to excessive demands, and to perceived or real threats is actually an adaptive response. It motivates you to reorient yourself in a reflex-like way, so that you can better cope with the stress of uncertainty.
This set of basic responses was necessary for survival in prehistoric times when humans lived in the wild with regular exposure to danger and life-threatening uncertainties. In fact, this fight-flight response continues to be basic to survival. However, when it is excessively or unnecessarily activated, your mind and body wear down. When the fight-flight stress response continues activating various cascades of hormonal and biochemical changes in your body, even after the reasons for your stress are gone, then you don’t get any rest. Eventually you and your body become exhausted from the continual strain. Your body is like a brilliantly designed machine. Without proper tune-ups at appropriate intervals, you are likely to wear it out.
Your brain and body work in harmony together because there is a feedback system of chemical messenger molecules and hormones called neurotransmitters. Chronic stress triggers this hormonal-neurotransmitter system to work on overdrive, and eventually it gets worn down and you get worn down with it. A variety of mental and physical disorders may result.
The neurotransmitter system is a communication system. It exists so that your cells can communicate with each other. It transmits electrical and chemical messages up and down your nervous system, to and from your brain, with the rest of your body. It needs to be well cared for and not to be on "red alert" all the time for your body and mind to function properly. Paranoia is not good.
Chronic states of stress throw this system out of balance. When we are over-aroused and anxious most of the time, this may result in certain conditions associated with running continually on overdrive. This may eventually lead to a system slowdown, producing other conditions, such as burnout or paranoia which then may lead to clinical depression.
Moreover, being habitually stressed-out often leads to painful, distressing symptoms such as, insomnia, general fatigue, loss of energy, loss of enthusiasm, impaired concentration, being easily distracted, indecisiveness, lapses in judgment, slowed thinking, feeling drained, nervous, and irritable.
Learn to manage uncertainty and stay safe and secure. Remember to pack your personal defense tools on and around your person every day, and don’t forget to be as prepared as you can be for every conceivable emergency.
Humanities Nebraska announced that Annette and Paul Smith of Omaha will receive the 2015 Sower Award in the Humanities. Ardent supporters of arts, humanities and other non-profit organizations in the state, the couple will be honored immediately prior to the 20th Annual Governor’s Lecture in the Humanities on Thursday, October 1, at the Holland Performing Arts Center.
The Sower Award is presented annually to “an individual, institution, business, or community that has made a significant contribution to public understanding of thehumanities in Nebraska.”
The Smiths were nominated by Ann Bird of Omaha with letters of support from multiple individuals who recognized the Smiths’ multi-faceted efforts in making the arts and humanities accessible to everyone.
“They have contributed their talents through extensive volunteerism, and their personal resources by financially supporting multiple organizations, performing groups and galleries,” Bird said of the Smiths in her nomination.
Frequent participants in arts and humanities events in Omaha and elsewhere in Nebraska, the Smiths helped sponsor the Great Plains Theatre Conference, one of the premiere events of its kind in the state. The couple supports the Omaha Conservatory of Music’s String Sprouts program, the Nebraska Writers Collective’s “Louder Than a Bomb” youth poetry festival, various Omaha-area performing arts organizations, Big Brothers Big Sisters of the Midlands and many other non-profit ventures.
“The Nebraska Writers Collective really owes so much of what we’re able to do to their guidance as they’ve been instrumental in making Louder Than A Bomb possible,” said Executive Director Matt Mason. “I’m thrilled they’re being honored with this award.”
Paul Smith is vice-chairman of the Joslyn Art Museum’s board of governors, president of the Bemis Center for Contemporary Arts board of directors, vice-chairman of the Film Streams board and a board member for the Omaha Conservatory of Music.
Annette Smith is president-elect of Boys and Girls Club of the Midlands and past chair of the Women’s Leadership Council of United Way. She also serves on the boards of the Open Sky Policy Institute and the College of Saint Mary.
In her letter of support, community volunteer Jessica Pate lauded the couple’s ready support of innovation in art and culture in the state. “Paul and Annette’s willingness to invest again and again in the new, the untried, have enviably enriched our cultural landscape,” she stated. “They are sowers of our citizenry, an informed and engaged citizenry, one with a voice leading to a greater sense of self, purpose and ownership.”
The 2015 Governor’s Lecture in the Humanities is presented by Humanities Nebraska, presenting sponsors First National Bank and the University of Nebraska, and co-chairs Nick Baxter and Kathy Wilson. Historian, author and British television host [email protected]">David Reynolds will deliver the free public lecture, which is titled, “World War One: Remembering America’s Forgotten War.”
The 7:30 p.m. lecture is free and open to the public. Table sponsorships and tickets for the pre-lecture benefit reception and dinner are now available for purchase. Purchase dinner tickets here. |
NDA 019462 describes PEPCID, which is a drug marketed by Salix Pharms, Merck, Valeant Pharms North, J And J Consumer Inc, and Merck Sharp Dohme, and is included in nine NDAs. It is available from one supplier. There are two patents protecting this drug and one Paragraph IV challenge. Additional details are available on the PEPCID profile page.
The generic ingredient in PEPCID is calcium carbonate; famotidine; magnesium hydroxide. There are two hundred and seventy-eight drug master file entries for this compound. Twenty-seven suppliers are listed for this compound. Additional details are available on the calcium carbonate; famotidine; magnesium hydroxide profile page.
If you suffer from an addiction to drugs or alcohol, you already know how deep the compulsion to use can run. You may have tried to stop on your own, but you kept ending up back where you began. You may have considered seeking treatment, but thought it would be too hard. If you have found yourself in this position, please realize that you are not alone. Tens of millions of Americans suffer from the same affliction, and many of them are fearful of seeking treatment.
The fact is, most people who work with a treatment center have a better chance of beating their addiction. Studies have suggested that people who are addicted to drugs or alcohol or both, have a greater success rate when they use a treatment center, as well as a support group, to battle their addiction. Going it alone is hard, and most people who try to tackle an addiction themselves, with no support, find the process to be unbearable. Furthermore, once they relapse and begin using again, they feel even more ashamed and begin to use even more in order to alleviate the stress, anxiety, and pain they feel.
The good news is that there are many drug rehab facilities available, and you can begin your journey to recovery right now. As we are a drug rehab referral service, we are offering you the chance to begin a new life, free from the chains of addiction, free to enjoy your life. We want to offer you resources that allow you to get back to the old you, before drugs and alcohol took over, by getting you in touch with the best drug rehab available.
If you have considered seeking help through a rehab facility, you may be cautious and fearful. This is completely normal. Most people with addictions are worried as to how they will be treated, as well as how they will feel when taking on their addiction. Drug and alcohol rehab facilities are staffed by professionals who understand this anxiety, and will be willing to work with you to overcome your addiction on your terms. Most drug and alcohol rehab facilities employ proven tactics in medicine to assist you on your journey.
However, it doesn’t stop there. The best drug rehab facilities offer support for not only the body, but also for the mind and spirit. As drug and alcohol addictions are comprised of physical symptoms, as well as mental ones, the best drug rehab facilities will approach your healing from all sides, helping to ensure a full recovery, as well as a lesser chance of relapse. In order to fully overcome your addiction, you will need to face the mental aspects, as well as the physical.
If you, or a loved one, suffer from an addiction to drugs or alcohol, please consider taking the first step and seek a qualified, professional rehab center today. You are not alone in your addiction, and there are caring people out there, just waiting to help you get back to the life you once had, before drugs and alcohol took over.
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Based on the R4 design, the R7 throw off features a smooth rotational release action. It includes all of the patented features of the R4.
The annual tradition from Madden's Super Bowl predictions for this year's Super Bowl LI are calling for a 27 - 24 victory for the New England Patriots.
In just a few days, all eyes will be on the small screen as Super Bowl LI kicks off in Houston, Texas as the New England Patriots and the Atlanta Falcons compete for the title of Super Bowl champion, with EA’s annual Super Bowl Simulation giving an early prediction on the victor.
EA’s Super Bowl Simulation with Madden NFL 17 has revealed its annual predictions for the upcoming Big Game, with the ultimate prediction going to a win for the New England Patriots on Sunday, with a final score of 27 – 24. The predictions also call for the Patriots’ Tom Brady to stand as the first NFL quarterback to ever win five Super Bowl games and to earn the title of Super Bowl MVP, to become the most decorated player in Super Bowl history.
The Madden Super Bowl prediction has become an annual tradition ahead of the Big Game each year, and has had surprisingly accurate guesses in the past. In particular, for the 2015 Super Bowl (and the last time that the Patriots played) the predictions correctly guessed not only the game’s final score, but also called that the Patriots would overcome a 10-point, 3rd quarter deficit, and also predicted accurately (within three yards) the total yardage of Julian Edelman.
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The viewing room looking into the new execution chamber at Ely State Prison in Nevada. Nevada Department of Corrections via Associated Press
In some human endeavors it may be reasonable to expect a correlation between effort and achievement, but not in capital defense, especially when you’re defending people who have already been sentenced to death. Talent and dedication don’t much change those odds.
“It’s a tremendous feeling of helplessness,” one attorney told me. “I’m doing everything right, I’m doing my job, I’m doing my job really well, and my client is still getting executed.”
As a clinical mental health counselor and researcher specializing in the emotional impact of the death penalty, I have spoken with dozens of family members of homicide victims and family members of executed persons throughout the United States, and I’ve seen that the executed criminal is not the only person affected by an execution. The circle of people profoundly affected is larger than most realize.
When I conducted indepth interviews for my book “Fighting for Their Lives” with 20 experienced capital defense attorneys who had lost at least one and often several clients, for instance, I learned that these stakeholders are affected in some very particular ways – and that in most cases, they hadn’t talked to anyone about this before.
More than one attorney told me that having a client on death row is like seeing someone tied to tracks as a train is approaching. The defender’s job is to try to untie the knots in time to prevent the collision, and they’re attempting this rescue under the most difficult conditions.
The task is at once urgent and protracted – months or even years of low-grade anxiety punctuated by sudden crises and intense deadlines – so that death penalty lawyers are like some kind of a cross between emergency responders and end-stage oncologists. The difference is that they are fighting for lives many people don’t consider worth saving.
And, while others might have a stake in the life of an individual facing execution, the defense attorneys are the ones who are supposed to have the tools to stop that execution. It’s a legal responsibility that ends up feeling personal; the clients’ lives are in their hands. Attorneys I interviewed told me that even if they might long for relief from the rising panic that fills the weeks and months before a client’s execution date, taking time to do or even think about anything else can feel irresponsible.
Then come the last visits or phone calls, during which they have to admit that they’ve run out of options.
One defender I interviewed recalled her struggle to explain to her client with intellectual disabilities that she had not been able to save him after all. Another attorney could not keep from choking up as he told me the story of a client offering him reassurance just moments before the guards came to escort him to the execution chamber. “It’s okay, you did your best,” the client said.
Feeling that they hold their clients’ lives in their hands, maintaining a tenuous balance between hope and despair, it’s hard for lawyers not to experience the executions as failures, even if they can talk themselves out of that conclusion intellectually.
“No matter how much you tell yourself that you’ve done everything you could do, your job was to save his life and you didn’t,” one attorney said, remembering how he collapsed into sobs one morning after losing three clients in three weeks.
Another attorney offered an analogy: “You put yourself between your client and the execution. And so when you fail, what that means is that [the state has] walked over you and gotten your client in the chamber.”
After an execution, attorneys have to pick themselves up, sometimes with little time before work on the next case must begin. There’s anger and exhaustion, of course, and, as one put it, “an abiding sadness that never goes away.” Repeated exposure to the inner workings of the death penalty leaves them numb but also raw, and shakier sometimes than anyone might realize.
They surprise themselves by panicking when they see an execution scene in a movie or breaking unprompted into tears when they have a few moments alone in the car. Sometimes they feel unable to be around other people. They worry about what their work might be doing to their health, or to their relationship with their families.
None of this leaves much time for self-reflection or belief that anything good would come of publicly revealing the personal impact of the work. Capital defenders would be the first to declare that they are not at the center of any death penalty story and can’t claim the greatest suffering, and their focus is quite rightly on their clients rather than on themselves.
Defense attorneys are not at the center of the death penalty story, but the penalty’s impact on these unique stakeholders is significant. It demands that we take seriously the wide-ranging implications of each execution.
Impact on defense attorneys matters, just as it matters that executions have long-term consequences for the emotional health of the family of the executed person, or the prison guards, or the clergy. Consideration of the death penalty requires consideration of all the people it ultimately harms.
Susannah Sheffer is a clinical mental health counselor and researcher specializing in trauma and capital punishment. She is the author of “Fighting for Their Lives: Inside the Experience of Capital Defense Attorneys” (Vanderbilt University Press, 2013), from which this piece is adapted.
We went as a family to the Oktoberfest celebration at Snowbird Ski Resort up Little Cottonwood Canyon in Salt Lake City. First thing we got there we went into the food tent for some classic German Style food, and sat up near the stage. The kids all participated in various activities, including musical chairs by age groups, in which Brennan came in 3rd for his age, and the yodeling contest that Tan and Bren totally rocked. Here’s a video compilation from the yodeling contest.
Media, like data, is the plural type of a word borrowed directly from Latin. In addition, students will need to have to be adept in modes of online communication considering that a lot of professions utilize and demand expertise of the World wide web and social media. Most folks misconstrue social media to be a spot for amoral individuals or a spot to do amoral items. As a victim of stalking, bullying, relentless harassment, identity and copyright theft (images also) , hacking, via social media that integrated Facebook, readers please take this hubpage author’s sound advice. The major characteristics of these types of media are prepared unrecorded (blank kind), and data is usually stored at a later stage as per the requirement of its user or customer.
Initial off, unless you need to have to use social media for expert reasons or really want to for private motives, just avoid social media altogether. No matter what you decide—whether the pc is a heavenly tool or the gateway to hell—your teens will most likely be engaging online at some point and might be utilizing it a lot more than you know proper now, even if you have told them not to. The Net is ubiquitous now: it really is in classrooms, libraries, and areas of function, readily accessible by any person with a device.
This theory states that audience members play an active, rather than passive function in relation to mass media. So students’ grades undoubtedly endure with unrestricted and unfocused use of the Net and social media. Paid circulation is declining in most nations, and marketing income, which tends to make up the bulk of a newspaper’s earnings, is shifting from print to on the internet some commentators, nevertheless, point out that historically new media such as radio and television did not totally supplant current.
A query arises no matter whether this makes cell phones a mass medium or simply a device utilised to access a mass medium (the World wide web). While a phone is a two-way communication device, mass media communicates to a big group. The term media has achieved a broader meaning these days as compared to that offered it a decade ago. Canagarajah 8 is addressing the issue of unbalanced relations among the North and South nations, asserting that Western countries tend to impose their personal suggestions on creating countries.As a result, internet is way to re-establish balance, by for instance enhance publication of newspaper, academic journal from establishing countries.
It might seem too intense to leave social media behind altogether, but there are numerous men and women who do just that for different reasons mainly due to privacy concerns. This is the first generation that can not think about life with out the Internet and the a variety of devices that connect us to it, and to a single another, by extension. Media, by way of media and communications psychology , has helped to connect diverse folks from far and close to geographical location. Straightforward set-up, numerous login alternatives (your website, Twitter or Facebook) and accessible PHP supply code that is easy to modify.
Golden State Warriors guard Stephen Curry celebrates after scoring against the Houston Rockets during the second half of Game 3 of the NBA basketball Western Conference Finals in Oakland, Calif., Sunday, May 20, 2018. (AP Photo/Jeff Chiu)
Curry had 18 points on 7-for-7 shooting in the third quarter, lying with his back flat on the court for his unique version of a snow angel and even following one basket with an expletive, shouting “This is my … house!” to the thousands who cheered and exhaled, exhilarated by his every move and rumble.
Golden State Warriors’ Kevin Durant drives to the basket against the Houston Rockets during the first half in Game 3 of the NBA basketball Western Conference Finals Sunday, May 20, 2018, in Oakland, Calif. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)
Houston Rockets guard James Harden, left, watches from the bench during the first half of Game 3 of the NBA basketball Western Conference Finals between the Golden State Warriors and the Rockets in Oakland, Calif., Sunday, May 20, 2018. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)
Golden State Warriors guard Stephen Curry (30) passes the ball as he is defended by Houston Rockets forward Trevor Ariza (1) during the first half of Game 3 of the NBA basketball Western Conference Finals in Oakland, Calif., Sunday, May 20, 2018. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)
Rockets: Trevor Ariza and Green received a double-technical with 6:49 to play when Ariza shoved Green as they traded words. … The Rockets surrendered 10 fast-break points in the first period while getting none of their own. … They were outrebounded 49-41, committed 19 turnovers and shot 32 for 81 from the floor.
“Somebody asked me, ‘Is Oracle tough to play?’ Yeah, because the Warriors play here,” D’Antoni said. “There’s a certain energy that their fans will give them and moments they hit two or three 3s you can get a buzz going that helps the home team. You just have to try to keep that crowd out as much as you can.”
The proverb: Whatever a man soweth, same shall he reap, has been proved in the life of Chief Bill Chukwu Oteh. He was recently conferred with an honorary doctorate degree.
This honour did not come by accident. Oteh has, over the years, shown love, kindness and selfless service to humanity, not knowing that the eye of God and man were watching.
Born in Item on November 15, 1945, Oteh had a very humble beginning. He had his primary education at Central School, Amokwe Item, from 1953 to 1955 and came out in flying colours. He enrolled into Charles Commercial College, Awka road, Onitsha, in 1959, for his secondary education and graduated in 1963. He distinguished himself in type writing, shorthand and Accounts, even as the senior prefect of that school in that year.
With vast experience in accounting and commerce, Oteh ventured into transportation and real estate development. He also ventured into hospitality and tourism industry and made his brain child, Mankon Guest House, a big success.
In community service, Oteh had become the first chairman of Item Development Union, Umuahia branch and has held a lot of chieftaincy titles, such as Ugwunnaya of Amaokwe, Ikemba Amaba Ukwu, Item, Odiuko na mba of Ibeku. He is not found wanting in the service to the Lord, which is the reason why he trained his children in the ways of the Lord, to the point that one of them is a servant of God.
In recognition of his contributions to the growth of Christianity, he has been awarded certificate of honour by Methodist township church, Umuahia, certificate of honour for dedicated church service by Methodist Church Nigeria, patron of the Youths Fellowship of Methodist Church of Nigeria, elder of Methodist Church of Nigeria, Kingdom Pillar by the Presbyterian Church of Nigeria, Justice of Peace, Abia State, Merit award certificate by the police community relation committee, in recognition of his security consciousness and many more.
Oteh's awards were recently capped with an honorary doctorate degree of Brethren College of Theology (BRECOTH).
Speaking to Saturday Sun on the issue, Oteh expressed happiness for being alive to be rewarded by a community of Christ.
'I am so happy that I am honored. I know actually that life changes from time to time , but I didn't know that this phase of life will come so soon. I am thanking God and as well thanking Professor Okocha, who made this possible. It happen that whatever anyone is doing in this world, both God and man are taking records. I only did a very little thing for them, which I didn't know they would value that much. They now went out to trace my records and discovered that I am worthy to be honored and here am I today being honored by the people of God. To God be the Glory.'
'My advice to any one who desires something good is to do good to people, even those you don't know and don't attach any condition to it because it is God that lifts people up. While you are doing this, God is also watching. My message to the younger ones is to focus their interests in God and do what is right. Whatever good somebody does is by the grace of God and God will never forget that person. Let them continue to do good. Even if they are paid back with evil, they should not feel bad about it, rather they should focus their attention to God,' he said.
Telling the story of his life, Oteh said: 'I started life in 1953, after my primary school. After two years, I went to Onitsha to join my father's first son and was enrolled into Sacred Heart Primary School, from where I went to St Charles Commercial College. My father hadn't much money, which was the reason I attended commercial college, after which I went into business.
stop. I continued to do business and combined it with personal studies. That was how I acquired much of my education. I thank God I did that. One remarkable thing that happened in my life was when I came back from Cameroun, in 1966. Then I did not know any place in Eastern Nigeria. And unfortunately the war broke out. The war met me at Onitsha and I joined people and kept moving wherever they were moving, without knowing my destination.
'A time came and I prayed to God to help me as well as sustain me. He did this till after the war, despite the fact that I lost all that I had. In fact, what was left with me was two Biafran pounds when the war ended. It is one experience that I will never forget.'
Oteh said nobody would become anything, except God makes it possible. He therefore advised Nigerians ' to have faith in God.'
Willy Caballero should not be anywhere near a World Cup field. He should not be Argentina's starting goalkeeper. But he is. And for the second straight game, he cost Argentina.
This time, against Croatia, he did so in embarrassing fashion. With the two Group D favorites locked in a tense stalemate early in the second half, Cabellero completely mish*t a lobbed pass, and gifted Croatia a goal – the first of a 3-0 win that will likely dump Argentina out of the World Cup:
To be fair to Ante Rebic, the Croatia forward still had a lot of work to do. His volley was excellent, and had to be excellent to take advantage of Caballero's mistake.
But Caballero's reaction said it all. He covered his head, and then his face, with his hands. As far as goalkeeping howlers go, this is about as bad as it gets.
Caballero would not be starting for Argentina if it weren't for a pre-tournament injury to longtime starter Sergio Romero. Caballero, a backup for Chelsea in the English Premier League, came into the tournament as Argentina's No. 3 – as a veteran handed a spot on the roster primarily because he's a veteran.
But Romero's injury vaulted him into the conversation for playing time, and manager Jorge Sampaoli made the strange – and wrong – decision to start Caballero over Franco Armani.
In Argentina's first game, a 1-1 draw with Iceland, Caballero failed to come off his line to collect a cross. Seconds later, he dove and palmed a second cross right out to an Icelandic player who tapped home the rebound.
Argentina should let cabellero to finish the game he have started. becouse i think that he will corret his mistake against nigeria
Moving is stressful. It can seem like there’s just too much to take care of, and no possible way to organize it. But we’ve all been there before, and trust us, you can get through it. Take a step back, survey the house in front of you, and concentrate on what we call the 4 Ps of moving. You’ll pack up well, move things right, and settle into your new place with a big smile.
It’s important to take your time and not rush at any point during your packing and moving. Even if challenges pop up, just keep going and don’t waste too much time worrying about something. Patience will help you stay as stress-free as possible.
Tip: Take it slow. Pack one room at a time, organizing by item and size. Label your boxes with their contents and the room they’ll be moved into. Use colour-coding if you can—this will let you easily match boxes to rooms, making unpacking an easy affair.
Create a plan of action with your packing and moving team—whether that’s family and friends or a professional moving company. Develop a moving timeline to track which services need to be cancelled or changed over, note which rooms can be packed well in advance, and point out which items should be packed up only at the last minute.
Tip: Keep track of everything. Grab a clipboard with some paper and make a master list for yourself. Number every box, taking note of its general contents and destination (and its colour if you used one!). It may sound like overkill, but it makes things a total breeze in the end.
Get instant access to our FREE Moving Timeline Printable Checklist—and stay up-to-date on all the great content and products we have to offer!
Once you know what you’ve got to pack (and how much of it), it’s time to buy the moving supplies you need. Moving boxes, packing tape, bubble cushion and packing paper are the staples you’ll want to grab. Markers and labels will help you stay organized and on track as well.
Unscrew any removeable legs and put them in zip bags with their matching hardware. Stretch wrap any drawers and movable areas closed, then wrap larger or more valuable furniture in moving blankets.
Use mattress bags for protecting your mattress and foundation. Dismantle the bed, wrapping up headboards and footboards in moving blankets. Secure the bedrails into a bundle using stretch wrap, putting any screws or nails into zip bags, and securing them to the rails with more wrap.
Layer the bottom of a box with bubble cushion or packing paper. Wrap each piece individually and place them inside the box upside down (not on their sides). Create layers separated by bubble cushion or dividers, and make sure you fill up the empty spaces.
Each plate should be wrapped on its own and then bundled into sets of 2 to 3 plates. Stand each bundle on its end—never lay them flat—and place bundles next to each other. Don’t forget to fill in the empty spaces (dish cloths and towels work excellently).
Create towers by stacking similar pots together, layering packing paper between each pot to prevent scratching. Place the towers on their sides in the box, remembering to fill in empty spaces with the void fill of your choice.
Disconnect all wires and cords, grouping them together by device (make sure to label them!). There are plenty of options when it comes to keeping electronics secure, such as using bubble cushion or the original manufacturer’s box (if you kept it). Anti-static bubble cushion is an excellent choice if you’re worried about static build-up.
Get instant access to our FREE Printable Moving Checklist For Home—and stay up-to-date on all the great content and products we have to offer!
Get instant access to our FREE Printable Moving Checklist For University—and stay up-to-date on all the great content and products we have to offer!
The 4 Ps of moving is all you’ll need to make your packing efforts go smoothly. If you’re looking for even more moving and packing tips, make sure to check our blog’s moving category. Happy packing!
When you bring your baby home, there's a ton of paperwork - birth certificate, insurance, social security forms, baby equipment warranties, thank you notes, and much more. Baby Briefcase helps parents keep baby's essential paperwork in... Read More
When you bring your baby home, there's a ton of paperwork - birth certificate, insurance, social security forms, baby equipment warranties, thank you notes, and much more. Baby Briefcase helps parents keep baby's essential paperwork in one place. |
I'm all for a curfew for kids IF (1) after hours juvenile crime is on the increase, and (2) there is solid evidence that curfews have worked to reduce juvenile crime during curfew hours.
From a politicians standpoint, establishing a curfew is an easy decision to make, because, without the facts, people's general perception is that curfew's work. However, there is little or no evidence that curfews work and there is plenty of scientific data that shows that curfews don't reduce youth crime. See "The Impact of Juvenile Curfew Laws in California" - www.cjcj.org (search for "curfew"); "Evaluation of the Youth Curfew in Price George's County, Maryland www.ncjrs.gov (search by title); Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice - www.cjej.org; and Justice Policy Institute - www.justicepolicy.org .
I question if we should even have a curfew in the first place. Do we really want our police to divert their resources to chase kids home? Don't the police have enough to do already besides baby-sit for other people's children? And, do the police really want to create more hostility between the police and the kids? - Gordon Clay
Related issues: Talking With Kids About Tough Issues, Adolescence, kidstuff, children, fathers, fathers & sons, single fathers, step fathers, military fathers & fathers stories and Dads&Daughters newsletter.
Note: New Moon Network is always looking for fathers with daughters to write for the"fathering" section. [email protected]
In the entertainment and advertising industries, exploitation of the female body is part of the cost of doing business. Fashion, film, television, and magazines bombard our daughters with unrealistic ideals about their bodies, perpetuating the likelihood that they will develop an eating disorder, low self-esteem, and feelings of depression.
Middle school girls who read dieting articles are twice as likely in later years to smoke cigarettes or fast in order to lose weight, and are three times as likely to become bulimic?
An emphasis on physical attractiveness among college-aged women has been found to decrease their interest in math and science, and lower leadership aspirations?
Parents are the linchpin to breaking the vicious cycle of hyper-exploitation of girls in our culture. Dads & Daughters one-of-a-kind education, research, and advocacy is a dynamic resource that helps parents to teach their daughters to think critically about exploitation of girls and women in American culture.
Shellie Bailey-Shah writes an article for KATU News in Portland that asks why girls are developing at younger and younger ages. It seems that the same factors that speed up the process in girls have the opposite effect on boys.
According to a new study, testosterone levels during pregnancy could make a difference between the little girl who likes playing ball and the girl who prefers playing "house."
Rose Pullen, 15, could barely hear the screams of her father, who was trapped under a car. But she did hear them, and, thanks to some just-in-case training, managed to extricate her dad just-in-time.
A new film, "Apple Pie" by Mary Mazzio (1992 Olympic Rowing Team), aired on June 23 on ESPN2. This film captures intimate histories and private moments between athletes and their mothers, and the power and strength and backbone of women - and what they instill in their children. The film features Hockey medalist Cammi Granato and her mom Natalie, Mia and Stephanie Hamm; Indy driver Sarah Fisher and her mom, Reba, among many others. Mazzio also wrote, produced and directed the award-winning film "A Hero for Daisy." Check your local listing for the broadcast time in your area. Learn more at www.applepiemovie.com
Do you have a 2003 graduate who's interested in engineering? Encourage her to apply for a two week residential program at Kettering University. Participants will learn all about a future in engineering through hands-on labs, visits to a crash test lab, grad school and medical school, and through interaction with successful women in the engineering field. Don't Delay! Applications are due by May 1st.
Take your daughter and browse through the covers of the videos and DVDs at your favorite rental shop. While viewing covers, think about the following questions that pertain to leading roles for women: How many covers feature women prominently? How many women are pictured without men? How many women are posed in a sexual way? How many men and women are shown with weapons? Is violence against women implied on the cover? Sit down and share your perspectives with one another. From the new issue of the newsletter Daughters: For Parents of Girls, subscribe
The Women's Sports Foundation compiled a list of ten things fathers can do to encourage their daughters to participate in sports, stay active, and eat healthy. Source: www.womenssportsfoundation.org/cgi-bin/iowa/issues/family/article.html?record=785
"In basketball tonight Duke beat North Carolina, Purdue upset Notre Dame, and now, turning to the women, the Lady Bulldogs defeated the Lady Bruins." It's great to hear women's sports included in newscasts, but what does this association tell your daughter about her place in sports?
How about the term "man-to-man coverage"? Efforts need to be made by everyone in sports: announcers, coaches, players, and parents need to pay attention to gender equity in the language they use in order to truly give female athletes the respect they deserve.
Some people say I have attitude - maybe I do. But I think you have to. You have to believe in yourself when no one else does - that makes you a winner right there. Venus Williams, US tennis champion
Bonehead facts: You have 22 bones in your skull. Don't be a bonehead. Wear a helmet when riding a bicycle or motorcycle - you too, dad! |
Detroit’s own, Danny Brown is back. Today the wordsmith returns with something uncanny and quite intense to say the say the least. Today Danny drops off a brand new video for his track “Ain’t It Funny,” directed by Jonah Hill.
The clip finds Danny pairing up with filmmaker Gus Van Sant, Joanna Kerns and more who star in something quite unique that revolves around “Uncle” Danny’s problem. Interesting to say the least. Check out the intriguing new video in the clip below and speak your mind on it after the jump. Stay tuned for much more from Danny Brown coming very soon!
Las Vegas native MC, Dizzy Wright is back. Today the wordsmith returns to the interwebs with a brand new track for our listening enjoyment. This time around Dizzy unleashes a new track called “Wanna Remind You,” which was produced by Roc N Mayne. The track finds Dizzy getting reflective about his career, speaking about the good, the bad and the indifferent.
Dizzy gets a nice home to do his thing, offering up a solid showcase of his lyrical prowess and his smooth style. He turns all of his negatives into positives and provides something solid in the process. Check out the new track in the stream below and speak your thoughts on it after the jump. Stay tuned for much more from Dizzy Wright coming very soon!
Yuna sits down with Mando Fresko to talk about her U.S. debut album (out April 24th), working with Pharrell Williams and does an acoustic performance of Live Your Life and Islands. And did you know the Malaysian singer-songwriter was a professional bowler? Get to know this rising star a little more!
Instant Pot Sweet and Sour Chicken is a flavorful, restaurant quality meal made simple and easy in your pressure cooker in just 30 minutes! Made with sweet pineapple and bell pepper, is the perfect weeknight dish to have.
This Sweet and Sour Chicken is an amazing, restaurant quality dinner that you can easily make at home using your Instant Pot in just 30 minutes. The chicken is tender and juicy cooked with sweet pineapple and bell peppers. It is coated in the most luxurious sweet and sour sauce. This Instant Pot Sweet and Sour Chicken dinner is the perfect weeknight got-to meal. I also like the sweet and savory flavors that are combined here. With an Instant Pot in your kitchen and this recipe under your belt, forget about ordering takeout anymore. The homemade version tastes so much better!
Use quality meat. I recommend organic chicken breasts or for more flavor, use boneless, skinless chicken thighs.
Cornstarch is a key ingredient in here, do not try to replace it with flour. The results will not be the same.
When it comes to adding the cornstarch, I recommend to mix the cornstarch with pineapple juice until dissolved and add the slurry to the Instant Pot.
You can also taste and adjust the sugar in this recipe. However, I like it on the sweeter side, but you can use less.
If the sauce is too runny, mix another 1-2 tablespoons of cornstarch with water and add it to the Instant Pot. Please note, that the sauce will get thicker with time, so definitely wait a bit before adding more cornstarch.
This recipe works well with canned pineapple chucks or fresh pineapple. Do not use frozen, as it will add extra water to the sauce.
Instant Pot Sweet and Sour Chicken is made with sweet pineapple and bell pepper and it tastes a hundred times better than takeout!
Cut the chicken into 2-3 inch chunks. I prefer to leave them a bit larger as the pressure cooker tends to make the chicken very moist and this helps to avoid breaking the chicken pieces.
Add the oil to the hot Instant Pot, wait one minute for the oil to heat up and add the chicken. Sauté for 2-3 minutes, stirring a few times. Cook until it just starts to get golden. This step can also be done on the stove if you want a more browned chicken, as the instant pot doesn't really brown the chicken too well.
Select again the Sauté function. In a small bowl combine the cornstarch with the juice, whisk until all combined with no lumps. Add the mixture to the Instant Pot and gently stir to combine. Cook on Sauté function for 5 more minutes, stirring occasionally, until the sauce thickens. This way you can make the sauce thicker. You can add more if you want to make the sauce even thicker, please note that it thickens as it cools too.
Turn off the Instant Pot and let the Sweet and Sour Chicken stand for 5-7 minutes, the sauce will thicken more.
I’m ditching the take out menus and making this instead! I love all your tips and tricks to help me make it too. I feel like I can’t go wrong. 🙂
I just used my new Instant Pot for the first time yesterday so this is recipe is coming at the perfect time for me. Looks like a great one to try next!
Recipe says make slurry with cornstarch and pineapple juice. But tips says orange juice. Which is best for this recipe
I used pineapple, sorry its a typo, I need to update 🙂 but if you don’t have pineapple juice on hand you can use orange juice.
Made exactly as listed. Was bit lumpy but turned out great. Cooked for 45 mins at 375 but my oven cooks slower. Add butter and honey was great.
What size instant pot are you using ? I have a mini, and need to know be sure if I need to half this recipe
you don’t need water to build pressure, you need “liquid”, in this recipe that comes from soy sauce, vinegar and pineapple juice.
I have pork out for dinner tonight that I am hoping to use for this recipe.. Would you need to adjust the cooking time or just swap the chicken for the pork? Thanks! |
I have returned from my trip to Boston to do research for my dissertation, Ten Years of Winter. My trip was generally uneventful, except for the strange and somewhat unsettling conditions I encountered just as I was setting out from Portland, Oregon last Saturday, August 22. Wildfires have been a terrible problem in the Pacific Northwest this summer, with several big fires in Oregon and Washington that have burned more than 7 million acres. Last Saturday, the smoke from these various fires totally filled the Willamette Valley to a degree we haven’t seen in a very long time, if ever. I found it noteworthy because it was a very tangible and visible manifestation of climate change–literally hanging in the air, everywhere, and unmistakable.
On Saturday I took a train from my home in Eugene up to Portland, and my first stop on Saturday evening, before I arrived in Boston, was a hotel at Jantzen Beach on the Columbia River, separating Oregon and Washington. During the train ride, which went through much of the flat farmland in the Willamette Valley, I was amazed at the look of the sun in the hazy sky. There were no clouds, but the quality of the sunlight was as on an overcast day. The smell of smoke was pervasive. When I got to Portland I found it even worse: the air hung very thick and heavy, unmoved by any breeze or air currents. Due to the urban microclimate it was warmer in Portland than outside of it. Even Jantzen Beach, normally a cool spot in the metropolitan area due to its fronting of the Columbia River, was a sticky, smoky mess. You could smell the fires as well as see the smoke, which sank to ground level and literally filled the valley. The worst “smoke event” I recalled previously was from the summer of 2008, also a summer of intense wildfires, but 2015 has been much worse.
This view from Jantzen Beach across the Columbia River doesn’t quite do justice to the hazy look of the sky during Portland’s smoke condition on August 22, 2015.
What does this have to do with climate change? A lot. A growing consensus of climate scientists believes that increasingly intense wildfires are at least partially the result of climate change. In addition to lengthening the wildfire season, climate change has contributed mightily to the terrible drought we’ve been suffering all along the West Coast, not just in California. Drought dries out forest floors and makes more areas susceptible to burning, as well as making it harder to fight the fires once they begin. Experts also believe that climate change is responsible for more high-intensity winds which help spread fires once they get started. It also makes intuitive sense: it’s logical that more hot days, and more rain-free days in a summer, are going to result in greater fire dangers.
The evidence that wildfires are becoming increasingly more severe in the United States is hard to ignore. The average amount of acreage burned by wildfires in the U.S. has been steadily increasing since the 1990s, doubling, or perhaps even more. The U.S. Forest Service has been spending a greater and greater part of its annual budget in fire suppression and management. The economic and environmental costs of wildfires have also been increasing. Given the fact that virtually every other measurable condition connected to climate change–sea level rise, extreme weather like hurricanes and heat waves, etc.–is also getting worse, it’s difficult to accept that wildfires aren’t also being made much worse and more pervasive by climate change.
This photo of the drought-ravaged Willamette River was taken in March 2015. We’ve had so little rain since then that it looks just the same in August.
As I sat eating dinner in a hotel restaurant on Saturday evening, looking out at the smoke-hazed vista of the Columbia River, I thought about the way our river that bisects my hometown, across which I walk nearly every day to get to work, has looked since late winter. The Willamette has been shockingly low, barely ankle-deep for most of its expanse. Several times as I’ve walked over the bridge I’ve thought, “This is what climate change looks like.” It’s entirely possible that I may never again see the river much fuller than it is now. This drought could potentially last for years. Drought conditions, including wildfires, could be the new normal for many Americans in the west.
The smoke conditions in Portland underscored, for me, a difficult truth: these kinds of visual and sensory reminders of climate change are going to become increasingly pervasive in our lives. Climate change has stopped being something abstract that you can only see through charts, graphs and information given to us by scientists or the media. It’s now something we can see around us, or smell, taste and touch. Because climate change is a problem that will take longer to solve than a human lifetime–assuming we decide we want to solve it–it’s safe to say that these first-hand encounters with climate change will continue for the rest of our lives. And they will get worse. The most chilling thing I realized as I saw the smoke in Portland was that sometime in the future, probably the very near future, there will be another smoky day that will be much worse than this one, as this one was much worse than 2008. Our wildfire summers are only just beginning.
The header image in this article is in the public domain. The photo of Jantzen Beach is by me, all rights reserved; the photo of the Willamette River is by Cody Climer, also all rights reserved, used with permission.
Stunning custom home in Joshua Tree. Located above the hospital with fantastic panoramic views. 3 bedrooms 3 baths. 2 master suites with a split floor plan. Spacious living room with decorative gas fireplace, utility room, office area, 2 car finished garage and fenced yard. You don't want to miss this one! This is a Fannie Mae HomePath property. Purchase this property for as little as 3% down! Visit the homepath site for more details and information. Offers from investors will be considered only after the first 15 days have passed.
The Financial Institutions Emergency Acquisitions Amendments of 1986: Hearings Before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, Ninety-Ninth Congress, Second Session, on S. 2372 ... May 13 and 14, 1986 | UVA Library | Virgo
The Financial Institutions Emergency Acquisitions Amendments of 1986 [electronic resource]: Hearings Before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, Ninety-Ninth Congress, Second Session, on S. 2372 ... May 13 and 14, 1986
a| The Financial Institutions Emergency Acquisitions Amendments of 1986 h| [electronic resource] : b| hearings before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, on S. 2372 ... May 13 and 14, 1986.
i| Print version: a| United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. t| Financial Institutions Emergency Acquisitions Amendments of 1986 w| (OCoLC)14963530 w| gp 87005510 |
Q: In your session work (most notably with Sting), I appreciate that fact that the your guitar parts always seem to compliment the lyric or verse. Although sometimes quite subtle, the method in which your voicings weave in and out of the songs remind me quite a lot of Lindsey Buckingham. Does your feel that your classical reference point has contributed to your ability to express or restrain your session guitar work (as you always seem to 'play for the song')? - from Chad
A: Thanks for this. Lindsay Buckingham is one of the most creative song accompanists on guitar. His parts always sound perfect to me. I am flattered you should put me in the same paragraph as him. Yes I do in some way model my approach on his, but there are also many others. Classical playing has been of some help, mainly with technique which I sometimes use on electric and visa versa. But my main instrument is musicianship. I like to be true to the song and complement it as much as it deserves, if not more. Having some classical background and listening to people like Lindsay Buckingham helps make this possible.
Lindsey Buckingham recalls that overcoming the drama surrounding the band's inter-personal relationships during the making of Rumours was a huge part of the album's success: "The best thing probably was, in some odd way, the fact that we rose above all of that and were almost able to tap into the heroic aspects of ourselves in order to do what needed to be done. Because, we'd had already had one successful album, and once Rumours became as successful as it obviously was going to become, we just realized that we just had to push through no matter what and that was what people responded to."
Yesterday I blogged about one show I was looking forward to this weekend--Pure Bathing Culture at Neumos tonight with Deep Sea Diver and Ravenna Woods. In this week's Short List, my Editor's Pick of the week is a different show though--Lindsey Buckingham at the Neptune tomorrow night. Today Pure Bathing Culture tweeted a photo of that Short List page, stating, "Seattle Weekly. Stoked to be sharing the page with Lindsey! Danny beside himself." In looking at the page, I came to the startling realization that Lindsey and PBC's Daniel Hindman look scarily similar.
So I guess what I'm saying is, young Daniel Hindman looks like old Lindsey Buckingham, and that is cool. And a Short List coincidence. I wasn't the first to notice this. A commenter on PBC's Instagram wrote: "The men are sort of rockin the same hairdo, too." Good on you, Daniel.
From an American Idol article, I don't know if they would have though of LB, if Stevie hadn't brought the comparison to all viewers' attention:
no, there were tons of tweets that he's a mix between Dave Matthews and Lindsey Buckingham since the start of the season. every time the idol was on people were tweeting that, way before SN was on.
there are tons of tweets today about some band representing Israel on Eurovision too - lead singer has a lindsey-hairdo (although he looks nothing like LB, i checked the youtube ) so there are bunch of jokes re his LB-like looks -
Israel's lead singer looks like a slightly camp, massively insane version of Fleetwood Mac's Lindsey Buckingham #Eurovision
...Speak For Me: Mayer's sonic tour of California turns towards Lindsey Buckingham here, with a rolling guitar figure and a gentle but lively mood. Mayer seems a little down on his colleagues here ("The music on my radio ain't supposed to make me feel alone") and yearns for someone who can "play a song that I can sing" and "make me feel as I am free." ...
John Mayer 's new album 'Born and Raised' is indebted to the late 1960s and early '70s, to the extent that the cover art even looks like a facsimile of SMALL FACES' 1968 album Ogdens' Nut Gone Flake. Mayer's fifth studio album is the first that he will be unable to support with a live tour, as he is currently suffering from a throat condition that forced him to cancel his planned live shows. In the absence of a tour, Mayer will no doubt be hoping that reviews of the album will be positive ones.
Billboard note how much tracks like 'Queen of California' owe their influence to the likes of Neil Young and Joni Mitchell, with a nod to Fleetwood Mac's Lindsey Buckingham in 'Speak For Me.' To hammer the point home, the title track features backing vocals from David Crosby and Graham Nash. Their track-by track rundown offers more in the way of description than opinion, though, leaving the reader to seek out the tracks themselves. More telling is the review from New York Daily Times, which concludes that it's Mayer's "lack of vulnerability and risk that most distances this album from its intended goal", adding, "Instead of being more frank and raw, its more meandering and numb than ever."
Huffington Post are kinder, describing 'Born and Raised' as "a phenomenal record", and continuing, "John Mayer has crafted an album not only meeting the towering expectations of loyal Mayer fans but far surpassing them." There's no hiding Mayer's intention to create an homage to days gone by; he seems to have divided opinion with his fifth studio album though and only time will tell whether or not it will suffer with a lack of live appearances from the popular singer.
Cory Branan has cited varied influences for "Mutt." They include Mellencamp and Springsteen. ITunes appears to have pegged them as the dominant ones. The album is auto categorized in the rock genre. But his self-produced debut with Bloodshot is a melting pot of varying inspirations, from Americana to folk. Some are subtly hidden, perhaps even to Branan himself. His finesse picking on the gorgeous opener The Corner is reminiscent of Lindsey Buckingham. The fundamental sound is a punk /southern rock vibe in the same vein as Paul Westerberg.
Probably has some connection to Vivendi Universal. When they start dropping names like that it's to drum up public interest, not just some nice retro gesture.
I think there's something cooking in the business realm with this Vivendi company being the largest entertainment conglomerate and the ties with Interscope, Live Nation, Irving Azoff and most recently - Tom Whalley.
I love that The Roots played Lindsey Buckingham's "Trouble" when Bill Hader came out on @LateNightJimmy.
Today, My Morning Jacket frontman Jim James announced plans to release his debut solo album. When said LP drops sometime early next year, James will join an illustrious list of well-known frontmen, from Peter Gabriel to Rod Stewart, who have made a go of it on their own. Some have had success as their own creative entities (Phil Collins, Lindsey Buckingham), while others have proven that going solo isn’t always the best approach (see: Chris Cornell’s Scream).
Which prominent rock/pop frontman would you like to see drop a proper solo record? Maybe someone like The Flaming Lips’ Wayne Coyne, The National’s Matt Berninger, or Foo Fighters’ Dave Grohl? Is there ever an instance where a frontman shouldn’t go it alone? Or, are these albums a “requirement” for all truly successful frontmen?
I have an article on Lindsey from my local paper promoting tonight's show in Northampton, Ma. It contains two pics of Lindsey. Does anyone in the United States want me to mail it to them? After I get a response I will delete this.
I'm late to this, but regarding the first post written by Ken.... what were you referring to about "disc 2 from Philly"?? Did someone post something from a LB solo show? And if so, what year are you referring to?? I am totally interested! |
6"x6" Ceramic Tile "Wine-1" Designed by Pacific NW Artist Jennifer Bowman at CleverKathy Designs in La Conner, WA
Ceramic Tile design adapted from a lovely oil painting by local Pacific NW artist Jennifer Bowman. Tiles can serve as trivets or hung on a wall.
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3/9/11 - Seizing the day after a March downpour followed by single-digit lows, Kevin Mahoney and Elliot Gaddy climbed The Ghost on Cannon Cliff in New Hampshire as a pure ice route—likely the first time this has been done, as well as the first free ascent of the route.The Ghost (IV 5.7 A3) is a seven- or eight-pitch aid climb on the left side of Cannon's "big wall" section. The route was first climbed in winter back in 1973, but it had never been climbed entirely on ice. "I have been watching it for over 10 years, and tried it once before with [Ben] Gilmore, but the ice was delaminated," Mahoney said. However, rain streaked the mile-wide, 1,000-foot-high cliff with ice runnels earlier this week, and Mahoney and Gaddy were on the spot the next day.
"We sent the whole thing to the top, 99 percent ice," Mahoney said. "We thought it was NEI 6–." The two men climbed the route in four long pitches, with Gaddy leading the first and last, and Mahoney leading the middle pitches. They climbed a hanging ice curtain to breach the large roof on the summer route's seventh pitch, and then simul-climbed a final 100-meter pitch to the summit. "It was a race against the sun, as it was flowing with water," Mahoney said. "We topped out at 12 noon, and not a minute too soon." |
UCLA produces 90 percent of its own energy with its highly efficient cogeneration plant. Professors work with staff at the plant to develop pilot projects in energy and water efficiency.
UCLA on Tuesday announced the creation of a $15 million self-replenishing fund to support campus sustainability projects, forming the largest fund of its kind in the country.
Establishing the fund also supports the campus commitment to make Los Angeles fully sustainable in terms of energy, water and biodiversity, the goal of the first UCLA Grand Challenge Project. The new green revolving fund could help support UCLA projects that will develop and test new technologies and interventions aimed at reducing water and energy use as well as supporting biodiversity, first on campus and later in Los Angeles at large.
The fund will be created through bond financing and will not use tuition or student fees. Supporters will also be able to donate to the fund to support sustainability at UCLA.
With UCLA’s $15 million, the nationwide total for the Billion Dollar Green Challenge now has reached more than $100 million. Other members include the University of Vermont ($13 million), Harvard University ($12 million), Caltech ($8 million) and Princeton University ($5 million).
The challenge was created by the Sustainable Endowments Institute in 2011. Membership in the challenge gives universities access to the Green Revolving Investment Tracking System, or GRITS, which helps them calculate the money, energy, water and other resources they’re saving, and to a database of projects from other institutions. Participants also receive consulting support, share best practices, and get guidance for setting up their revolving funds and finding other funding sources, said Mark Orlowski, executive director of the Sustainable Endowments Institute.
“The Billion Dollar Green Challenge helps highlight different ways and sources of funding,” Orlowski said. “A growing number of institutions are using development, fundraising and endowments. We want to help people think outside of their limited capital operating budgets.”
The library of previous projects — more than 300 and counting nationwide — can also be a rich source of data for professors or students to mine for research, Orlowski said.
Orlowski announced UCLA’s participation in the program Tuesday morning at the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education’s annual conference in Portland, Oregon.
This fall, UCLA will identify projects to fund as part of its third annual energy audit of select campus buildings. A review committee will develop project guidelines and begin soliciting applications by January.
UCLA produces 90 percent of its own energy with its highly efficient cogeneration plant. Professors work with staff at ...
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Used in-wording essay details if you: Add an estimate that is direct to your dissertation. Paraphrase an idea from a source. Summarize data from the single source. Ticket programs that are many exist, but one of many most often used could be the creator-site program.representation resume editing service essay topic tips The MLA (Modern Language Connection) could be the acknowledged standard for that creator-site technique of ticket and it is applied broadly in the humanities. MLA citations range from the publisheris surname and page quantity in parenthesis. It truly is necessary to contain only the page quantity if you reference the authoris title inside the wording of the dissertation. EX: In picture books, including coffee-table photography books, the author generally gives for permissions or the images to-use them. (Bykofsky and Sander, 141). EX: Accordingto Sander and Bykofsky, in books comprising a majority of photos, like coffee-table picture guides, the photos are purchased by the writer. (141). Notice, that whenever you can find two creators, both of the surnames are stated. When you can find more than two authors, they are referenced as a result: (Cruz, Jackson, ETAL, 179). Reference pages by quantity only. (i.e. p.179 is not be utilized) The system is an in-text way of stating options and incorporates just data that is enough to help your audience discover the info inside the works cited site.
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// This post was sponsored by Nabisco as part of an Integrated Activation for Influence Central and all opinions expressed in my post are my own. //
I know that I'm not alone when I say that finding individual time with each of my kids is tricky. Right, fellow parents? I mean, I'm not super concerned about it. After all, we knew from the beginning that we wanted more than one child and that means lots of group time but, I do like to sneak a little one-on-one time when and where I can. With Finn, it's first thing in the morning. He still sleeps in our room and I usually start each day by nursing him in my bed and then enjoying baby snuggles (complete with smelling his head). For Melanie, I'm a little luckier. Once Finn goes down for his afternoon nap, I finish up whatever I'm working on and hang with my girl. We play one of her many board games and have a little snack. Nothing complex, just something easy and fun that makes our few minutes together special. Really, my afternoon snack time with Melanie has become one of my favorite parts of my day.
Right now, Melanie is WAY into drinking ice cold milk (with a striped straw!) and eating a TEDDY SOFT BAKED Filled Snacks. TEDDY SOFT BAKED Filled Snacks are an adorable bear-shaped snack made with quality ingredients like milk, eggs, and chocolate and are both kid and mom approved! The vanilla filled ones are currently a big favorite around here! Melanie makes a big show of eating the ears off first – so “he can't hear me eating the rest of his body”. Creepy or cute… I'm going with cute because, as a parent, that easier for my brain to handle right now. I love that I can easily snag a box of TEDDY SOFT BAKED Filled Snacks at Walmart in the Cookie/Cracker aisle and that they contain no high fructose corn syrup, no artificial flavors, and no artificial colors. They are perfect for our one-on-one game time since we can snack on them with ease while we have a Battle Royale over a game of Memory!
Do you want to make your snack time fun? Pick up some TEDDY SOFT BAKED Filled Snacks at Walmart in the Cookie/Cracker aisle today. AND, because I know y'all love a giveaway – between September 11- 29th, 2017, you can win one (1) of 12 prizes ($50 Walmart gift card each)or two grand prizes ($200 Walmart gift card each)! WHAAAATTTT?!?! I know, right! Enter below:
These rings are made in Bali of 925 Silver and say "I know the plans... Jer. 29:11." We partner with two safe houses and outreach teams in Bali and West Java to offer help to exploited women working in brothels and street corners. Your purchase of this ring will provide a ring to a woman in a brothel, as a reminder that God has plans for them that are beyond the reality that they're living.
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Fats shouldn’t be scary. I went on Yahoo today, and saw an article about butter and margarine. Which is healthier? How do you decide? If saturated fats and trans fats are both unhealthy, what do you choose?
Let’s go back a bit in history. Butter has been eaten for centuries. Saturated fats are found in many foods, including some vegetable fats (basically, saturated fats are solid at room temperature in a cooler climate – here in the UK it’s a hot day when butter melts in the kitchen). These foods have been an important part of diets around the world for ages. Are they really so bad?
When did trans-fats appear? Well, the sort that are causing concern are those man-made ones that occur when we process liquid vegetable oils into hard fats. These appeared in the early part of the twentieth century when people worked out how to extract oil from seeds and turn it into hard fat (margarines and shortening). These trans fats are very new in the history of mankind.
More than ten years ago, my friend who worked in the office of our local doctors told me that all the doctors families used butter and olive oil. ‘They don’t use margarines and vegetable oils’ she said. It has taken me a long time to get round to investigating why.
You have to make up your mind. My money is on the foods that people in my part of the world have been eating for centuries – in moderation of course. In my blog, I explore how to put a healthy, varied diet on the family table on a sensible budget. And I am particularly interested in fats, which cause such a lot of concern these days.
There’s no doubt about it, mind-set makes a difference. There are times when I know I need to cut myself a bit of slack, because sustained or big stress pushes us to eat.
Boredom is easier to deal with – if you have a ‘to do’ list which has fun things as well as dull things. My favourite is to do a job outdoors, or go for a quick walk to re-focus. Don’t eat, do something!
Misery and worry are difficult. There’s strength in numbers, so making some thoughtful, bite-size (sorry!) goals with a friend is a good way to start.
Starting is hard. My Dad took a few years to give up smoking, but he did it in the end and stayed off. He learned from every attempt. Write down things you have learned about your eating habits and what works for you. Knowing for example that you need to clear out the food you don’t want to eat (I used to keep croissants in the freezer, now I buy one on very rare occasions for a treat).
Dropping off the wagon is also hard. DON’T beat yourself up. Stop, plan tomorrow. It happens to so many of us, don’t let it do bigger damage by giving up.
I think the main foundation for sustaining a good diet is to know that your eating plan is healthy and works for you, while knowing your strengths and challenges. To know yourself is to help yourself, while being disappointed with yourself is no place to dwell.
Get knowledgeable about both how your body deals with food, and your mind with eating choices, and you are in a strong position to do well in the long-term, and remember we all have blips.
Tags: diet willpower, healthy diet long-haul, healthy eating, sustaining a healthy diet, sustaining healthy eating
Have you felt the floor tilting under your feet lately? There are always stories popping up about what we should and shouldn’t eat, little shockwaves most of us have learnt to be skeptical about. But could this be something bigger?
Is sugar worse for you than fat? I watched a television documentary on this not long ago, but it was inconclusive. This is interesting, because when the presenters, a pair of identical twin doctors, ate two very different diets over a month, their results were very different to longer, bigger and more controlled studies.
I had already made my mind up on this one, having read what Mr Gary Taubes has to say on the subject after a minute dissection of pretty much any reputable information and data he could get hold of.
Prof. John Yudkin’s book ‘Pure White and Deadly’ was re-published recently with a foreword by Dr Robert Lustig (his research has led to the opening of a clinic to treat obesity in children and infants) . It is a more old-fashioned read, but short (and sweet!) and more pertinent than ever.
I recommend these books and those by Lustig if you need to read up on this – it is harder to find supportive science for the all-pervasive ‘fat is bad’ hypothesis because it’s been around for so long, the original data being rather old (and flawed, according to a growing number of doctors and scientists).
Remember, there are libraries if you can’t afford all these books! Or share them with friends. I don’t worry about ‘super foods’ and minor adjustments in my diet too much, I think this is far more important, because these are big food groups, which involve the biggest changes to human diets in recent history. Sugar, and sugar-producing foods (carbohydrates) are a novelty in the human diet. Fats have been eaten and relished for millenia – go figure.
I’ve been away from this blog for QUITE some time, but have been learning and doing in the time between. Healthy eating for families is my starting point, I really want everyone to set down at the table together eating the same food.
I have made a breakthrough (one of these days I’m going to photograph all those weighing-machine tickets that show the gradual change and backsliding!) and that was that the root of weight control is carbohydrate control. We vary in how much carbohydrate we can take, and as we gain years we have also to gain some insight into this to keep trim. My little Kindle book explains this simply – go look for Waistline by Anne Smith. The ‘skinny’ version is only $0.99 but the bigger one is more detailed.
Unless we have type one diabetes, our bodies can produce insulin, and they do this in response to our blood sugar going up, to return it to normal. Modern, refined carbohydrates (flour and sugar products primarily) raise the blood sugar very fast (they have a high Glycaemic Index or GI), which pushes our bodies to make lots of insulin. A big rush of insulin then overdoes the lowering of blood sugar and we get a bit low and feel hungry again. We know about this yo-yo effect, but what does it have to do with weight gain?
From what I understand, our bodies can only store calories (energy both from fat and from carbohydrates) if insulin is present in high enough quantities. The body is in effect saying ‘ too much blood sugar, store that energy for later and make the blood sugar level safe’. Over the thousands of years we have lived on earth, fattening carbohydrates were not abundant, and most of the time our blood sugar would have been much more stable, not rising and falling as dramatically as it does on the modern ‘western’ diet. We had lean times and times of abundance, but we didn’t have constant access to high GI foods.
If we can get our blood sugar back where it was before the rise of high GI foods, we can fight weight-gain much more effectively than by semi-starvation (low calorie diets which make our bodies more efficient at hanging on to calories) or exercise.
I always make nettle soup at least once in spring. The nettle, like other plants credited with being a good spring tonic, has long roots that bring up minerals that may have been washed out of soil nearer the surface. I get my gloves on, find some young nettle shoots somewhere I am sure they have not been sprayed with weedkiller or polluted and get picking. My soup this year was all green and white -spring onions (scallions), garlic, leek, a little florence fennel, courgette (not very seasonal but it was there) and a few early chives. I used some ground almonds to thicken it, left over from Christmas. Other times I’d make a simpler, more nettly soup with a pint jug of nettles, some onion and a little oatmeal to thicken. Vegetarian or chicken stock, the choice is yours.
A few winter pounds have shifted, I am delighted to say. Five less than the January high. My sister and I have got second hand copies of a couple of GL books recently and she is glad that her son (primary school age) is happy to eat beans in stews and other forms. I like chickpeas myself – as hoummous and whole in salads and hot dishes. Butter beans too I find very palatable in winter dishes. There are so many more – aduki, black-eye, mung, cannelini – that adding a few in the course of the week is not dull. I’m not a great fan of the bean, but it is very good for lowering the glycaemic load and keeping blood sugar levels steady.
I sowed some salad in my vegetable bed and harvested a few leaves of lamb’s lettuce. A few young dandelion leaves will find their way into my salads, before they become too bitter. People have been known to blanch them (keep them tender by putting an upside-down pot over the top to deprive them of light) but I just get them in season and then move on to other things.
Delighted! Examining my winter waistline, (I did manage four walks over the Christmas week) I resolved to attend to my waist/hip ratio.
This is an important health marker and a poor ratio is a risk factor for both diabetes and heart disease. In my case creeping middle-age spread has got the better of me – having stayed stable for some months I have put on a few pounds over the winter holidays. Anyone else?
I was on a quick visit to the library and picked up a couple of useful books; one on self-help for diabetics (diet and exercise largely) and one on Glycaemic Load (GL). There was a fair bit of overlap between the two. I reasoned that a diet good for diabetes control would also function for diabetes prevention.
Imagine my delight when both books recommended dark (70% cocoa solids or above) chocolate as a good snack!
Both books were emphasising low glycaemic foods. I had to learn the difference between GL and GI here – both indices give you a number that tells you how fast that particular food raises your blood sugar levels. Carrots get quite a high GI because this index is based on enough food to supply 50 grammes of sugar. As carrots are very high in water, you need to eat over a pound and a half of carrots to get so much sugar! GL is based on portions, so the humble carrot doesn’t get demonised. It is much easier to follow when planning meals.
There are demons of course, because sugary and refined starch foods (even wholemeal grain can be high GL if it is very finely milled and highly processed) raise blood sugar rapidly, which ends up with energy being converted to fat for storage. We often forget that sugar and starch can be turned into fat by the body.
The heavenly part of this way of eating is that there is plenty of filling food, delicious food and no calorie counting.
For families, the biggest plus is that it is a healthy way of eating for the whole family. Growing kids need plenty of energy, so your teenager will need bigger portions than you if you are not taking masses of exercise. Your dinner plate still has vegetables, protein and carbohydrate, but the carbohydrate portion is smaller and it is low or medium GL.
Following the 80:20 rule I have had Friday night off and had some leeky mash and sausages tonight. Lots more leeks and less potato would have lowered the GL of the meal, but as long as my indulgent meals are not more than 20% of total, then I am in check if not making progress as fast as I could if I were stricter.
Well, here we are, all eating heartily in our house, and the kids are growing. Luckily, I’m not growing, but on the other hand I would like to lose a few pounds…
The odd thing is, I haven’t put on any either. Having put on a fair few pounds in the last couple of years, I now seem to have stabilised. Am I dieting? Making systematic efforts to restrict my calorie intake? Nope.
So how come after this fairly rapid weight-gain I’ve not carried on growing outwards? The power of my mind is not enough to get me shedding the pounds and moving towards my desired dress-size. But is will-power still operating on another level?
When I got to 154lbs, I said to myself “Enough”. I had a really strong idea that I didn’t want to go over 11 stones, and I really wanted a few pounds between me and the ‘overweight’ line on the BMI chart. I’d feel a lot more comfortable carrying 1/2 stone less, but I’m really glad my weight is not increasing.
I hate the idea of calorie-counting, and serious planning of food intake, so I just don’t do dieting, (especially not nutrient-poor crash-dieting). I have some time for balancing food groups, and for ensuring that the vegetable, fruit and water intake is taken care of, but elaborate food-control is not me. Where’s the pleasure? I’m just left wondering…
Perhaps at some level I am being effective in keeping my eating sensible, on a weekly if not on a daily (oops, 2oz chocolate!) basis.
I just read my post for 21 February, and have realised that my waist/hip ratio then was .77! If I do it now in centimetres, I get 0.79, rather than the 0.8 I get in inches, but this is a bit depressing all the same. Easter did become a bit of an excuse to stray from my usual treat of 85% cocoa-solids chocolate! The difference between 70% and 85% is basically sugar content.
Despite this, I am still going to focus on healthy food for all the family, because I feel strongly that even if crash diets worked ( I don’t believe they do long-term) children need to see their parents eating family meals. Some people find that they get good results relying on nutritious shakes for the first few days or even a week, but I am going to stick to a food diet!
Days start well, with all of us getting a breakfast with a protein component. I have read that our bodies don’t store protein, and also that too much at one time is hard on the metabolism. Sounds as if little and often might work. We don’t pay any heed to tradition here – I like kippers, but the children prefer fish fingers, and that’s fine by me – I choose the fat they are cooked in (and use very little). My favourite at the moment is to gently fry some courgette (zucchini) cut to rather chunky matchsticks, and as soon as they are beginning to colour slightly, add beaten egg, to make a scrambe/omelette. Soy sauce instead of sea salt on this goes well. Any greens can be used, but leafy ones I add when the egg has just started to cook.
Other kids’ breakfasts include: cheese on toast, bagel with cream cheese and a smoked salmon (a little goes a long way, and it is quite often found on special offer), bacon on a bagel. All simple stuff, which is necessary seeing it all has to be done in short order before the school bus comes.
If smoked salmon is about, I’ll have a bit of that beside scrambled egg – I just love eggs for breakfast, and eggs with fish is great.
I just have to keep up the good work and not reach for the biscuits at work or when I get home late afternoon. Wish me luck! |
12 Week Year Templates – We are going to prepare many models with regards to 12 week year templates that you must take for your reference. Really it is not crucial to find 12 week year templates in this website, because we contribute many 12 week year templates that the writers have written. You can also refer this this
This text was delivered as a speech to representatives of the Virginia Education Association, public school advocates, teachers, and parents in Richmond last week. It is the core of a serious set of education proposals by one of two teachers running for the General Assembly this year. It shows how Schuyler VanValkenburg aims to bring his passion and expertise for his students learning in the classroom to advocating for their interests in the House of Delegates.
Last week I began my 13th year teaching in Virginia public schools. From my early childhood, I was taught about the transformative power of education by my mother, who at every turn encouraged me to find the best opportunities I could in our small, working class town. She knew that good teachers, classes, and a chance at university would be my best chance to do better than my parents.
That early emphasis is what brought me to teaching after I moved to Richmond for college. And now, my experiences as a teacher pushed me to enter this race for the House of Delegates. I am still motivated by the basic lessons about the value of education I learned as a kid, but now my experiences as teacher and passion for my students will help me to be a better delegate.
For example, every year I coach a team of students in a We The People Competition, sponsored by the national Center for Civic Education and James Madison’s Montpelier. My We The People Students show tremendous passion for engagement in our democratic process, and an amazing optimism about our future. I remember last November, on the Wednesday after the election, the shock and horror that many of them felt at seeing ideas of civic respect and democratic integrity they’d learned about betrayed.
I was worried, too – but for different reasons. The Trump administration and its acolytes in the Virginia Republican Party are part of an all-out assault on our public education system, and I was worried about the empowerment of that agenda. I am here today to reaffirm my belief in public schools, and to keep that right-wing assault from gutting Virginia’s public education system whether it comes from Richmond or Washington.
I stand behind three main ways to strengthen Virginia’s public education system. First, we must reform our SOL testing standards. Second, we must correct our state funding methods to better reflect our commitment to the Standards of Quality for all schools. Third, we must limit the inroads of charters, virtual schools, and vouchers on our public education system.
After thirteen years in Virginia schools, I know that all testing is not bad, but bad testing can be exceptionally destructive. Our Standards of Learning system is often used as a way to punish schools and measure test-taking skills, and it sucks away crucial classroom time for students and teachers. The SOLs should be a way to support school improvement and further student learning, but right now they’re not. The SOL Reform Committee, originally conceived by Anne Holton as our Secretary of Education in 2014 has made an excellent start. However, some of their key recommendations need to be implemented more effectively, which the House could ensure happens. For example, the Reform Committee recommended reporting of context data with all SOL scores to help the public understand performance relative to the needs of the student population. They also put forward recommendations to make school improvement more cooperative across all levels of faculty and administration, and less punitive. Perhaps most importantly, they recommended a move towards locally developed, performance-based, genuine and holistic assessments for students that measure real critical thinking and analysis, not multiple choice learning. As Delegate, I would work to rally the state behind these sorts of reforms – we shouldn’t leave them as unfulfilled recommendations in a report.
Virginia’s school system suffers from chronic underfunding at all levels. Our schools, in theory, are funded to enact the Standards of Quality, through a formula which uses state funding as well as locality contributions. However state contributions to that formula been cut by almost 8% since 2008, leaving localities to make up the difference. These cuts were initially an emergency response to the recession, but became part of the educational austerity agenda of Governor McDonnell and the Republican House of Delegates. Where I teach in Henrico County, per student funding has dropped 10%, and Henrico’s locality contributions are now almost double what they are required to give under the standards of quality. This means cutbacks in support staff like counselors and second-language aides – all the way down to janitors. It also means Henrico county is forced into regressive taxes like the meals tax to cover the under-investment by the state. Statewide, we have 10,000 fewer staff relative to student enrollment that we did in 2008, and every year brings new headlines about teacher shortages. This situation is unacceptable, and will only get worse – a substantial majority of our teaching population is over 50, and hiring costs increasingly fall only on localities. The state must fix its funding levels and formulas to prevent our resource crisis from getting worse, and to avoid sticking the middle class taxpayer with a massive unfunded mandate.
My third area of emphasis will be to prevent the spread of poorly overseen and implemented charter projects, get-rich-quick voucher schemes, and under supervised virtual school experiments. All three of these are pet projects for my opponent, the Trump administration, and the radical privatisation advocates in the Republican party. Voucher programs are particularly troublesome – each student using a voucher transfers public money into private hands with little accountability, and Virginia’s current voucher structure also doubles as a tax break for the very wealthy. Taken together, these three initiatives amount to taking Virginia’s already-scarce education budget and using it to subsidize a separate school system, one which can exclude less advantaged students, be gamed for tax advantage, or avoid public accountability. Other states, like Florida, Indiana and Michigan, have expanded these programs to disastrous effect, and we need more than a Governor’s veto alone to fight against them here in the Commonwealth. I will fight to make sure we don’t end up trying to fund a separate school system at terrible cost to taxpayers, students, and parents.
These three initiatives share a fundamental underlying principle: public education must be understood as a noble field and a central priority of state and local governments. For the past 3 decades, we have seen an all out assault on that principle from individuals like Betsy DeVos, who have no experience or expertise in public education. My opponent is no different.
I support reformed testing standards to help our schools chart a path for growth, accountability, and student support. My opponent wants to continue to punish public schools, teachers, and students with outdated practices.
I support reforming education funding and giving localities the resources they need and taking some of the burden off middle class taxpayers. My opponent wants to see the current state resource crunch stagnate, and doesn’t mind seeing our public schools scramble for resources and fight over local tax hikes as a result.
I support public schools that welcome every student, regardless of background. Those schools will give the next generation a shot at the middle class, regardless of the situations they were born into. My opponent supports siphoning tax dollars into private schools through vouchers, turning our educational future over to experimental virtual schools, and removing control of charters from the localities they will serve. These initiatives will erode our communities and our children’s future. Ultimately these policies will force taxpayers to fund two school systems, with one a for-profit operation accountable to no one, the other a destabilized and underfunded public system on the funded on the backs of middle class taxpayers.
For the past 13 school years, I’ve seen the costs of the heedless, ideological education policy pursued by our state’s Republicans. But I’ve also seen the tremendous gains that good choices can create for our children. I am proud to stand before you today, and say clearly and unequivocally I stand for a better, more courageous approach to public education policy. As your delegate, I will not settle for putting our children second. I will not settle for mediocrity. And I refuse to accept a public school system that is anything less than world class. My name is Schuyler VanValkenburg, and that is why I am running for Delegate.
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It’s a double album, and every single track is a winner—that would be The Hammer & the Heart by singer-songwriter Susan Cattaneo, who’s been compared, variously, to Bonnie Raitt, Patty Griffin, Carole King, and Emmylou Harris. Please allow Susan into your house and hearts via the song “The River Always Wins”—which, we would be remiss in not telling you, was co-written and –recorded with master musician Mark Erelli:
Susan offers the following about the track: “I wrote this song with Mark, a wonderful musician and artist who is also Lori McKenna’s producer and sideman. We both love storytelling in our songs, and The River Always Wins uses small town America images to explore the concept that no matter what man tries to do, Mother Nature always wins out. The song was recorded with a kickass band that included Mark on background vocals and guitar and Marco Giovino on drums, Jesse Williams on bass and Jim Henry on electric guitar.”
Aside from that single-song winning combo, the album itself features a whole slew of Americana stalwarts including The Bottle Rockets, Bill Kirchen, and Duke Levine. Susan’s a longtime New England favorite (she’s also a member of the beloved Massachusetts group Boxcar Lillies) who blends folk, rock, and blues with a strong dose of twang, and she’s earned love from American Songwriter, No Depression, and more. Tracing Cattaneo’s journey from her early days in New Jersey to her trial-by-fire in Nashville’s Music Row to her current home in Massachusetts (where she also teaches songwriting at the Berklee College of Music), the songs range from straight-up rockers to tender ballads in a rich melding of genres and eras.
Some say the river always wins, but with this album, we here at BLURT suspect there’s going to be one winner who can’t be beaten. Details on ordering the album here: http://www.pledgemusic.com/projects/susancattaneo
This entry was posted in Audio stream, Music News, Track premiere and tagged americana, mark erelli, new releases, singer songwriter, susan cattaneo, track premiere on August 23, 2017 by Fred Mills. |
Wednesday is Valentine’s Day which means a lot of us will be exchanging Valentine’s Day cards and messages. We came up with a fun way to show our friends that we love them using bark we found on the ground!
We decided to carve a heart into a piece of fresh bark and give this as our Valentine’s Day greeting. It’s kind of like carving a name or heart into a tree, without really messing up the tree. (I think carving your name into a tree is like spraying a wall with spray paint. You shouldn’t do it!)
The trick is, the bark needs to have fallen of the tree recently so you can actually mark into easily. I couldn’t carve anything into older, dried up pieces.
Student Council consists of students elected by their peers to represent, empower, and act for others. Our prime objective is to serve our school and community.
Student council conducts WES Safety Patrol. We are involved in FMHS Carnival, Rotary Club Glow Run, WES Barnes and Noble Fundraiser, spirit stick sales, and helping with parent nights to just name a few!
The original bad boy of 3D shooters. Who can deny one of the best games ever made? Quake was revolutionary, for the time it came out. You can laugh at the shoddy graphics today, but nobody had seen pixels look like that before Quake, it set a stanard for the industry, and led as an example for all others to follow.
Description: Quake is a first-person shooter computer game that was released by id Software on June 22, 1996. It was the first game in the popular Quake series of computer and video games. The majority of programming work on the Quake engine was done by John Carmack. Michael Abrash, a program performance optimization specialist, was brought in to help make the software rendering engine fast enough to be feasible. The sound effects and music for the game were composed by Trent Reznor, of Nine Inch Nails (within the game, the ammo box for the nailgun has the Nine Inch Nails logo on it in reference to this). Reznor's work was one of the firs Quake is a first-person shooter computer game that was released by id Software on June 22, 1996. It was the first game in the popular Quake series of computer and video games.
The majority of programming work on the Quake engine was done by John Carmack. Michael Abrash, a program performance optimization specialist, was brought in to help make the software rendering engine fast enough to be feasible. The sound effects and music for the game were composed by Trent Reznor, of Nine Inch Nails (within the game, the ammo box for the nailgun has the Nine Inch Nails logo on it in reference to this). Reznor's work was one of the first major efforts to bridge the gap between "mainstream" musicians and gaming, and his title screen song has become famous even among the most casual fans of the game. Quake was released just as the Internet was commercially coming of age, and gamers were graduating from local bulletin boards to the global online community. ... (more) (less)
“The original bad boy of 3D shooters. Who can deny one of the best games ever made? Quake was revolutionary, for the time it came out. You can laugh at”
A tribute to one of the most gorgeous beauty queen of the silver screen ,the classy movie star Ava Gardner with High quality pics and High Definition.Enjoy ?????????
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AMA Pro Racing competitors who count on Chicken Hawk Racing tire warmers won two national championships, 30 individual races, landed on the podium 86 times and scored 16 pole positions throughout the 2010 season.
As America’s top racers demonstrated, Chicken Hawk Racing’s tire warmers allow serious grip from the drop of the green flag. They’re built from the finest materials, are easy to mount, simple to remove and efficiently bring today’s high-tech rubber up to optimum temperature and hot pressure for immediate traction.
Chicken Hawk’s superheroes of AMA Superbike were most impressive, taking 12 of 19 wins, 43 of 57 podiums and seven of 10 pole positions to land up with nine of the ten top positions in the end-of-season standings.
Rockstar Makita Suzuki rider Tommy Hayden led the fray with five AMA Superbike wins and put his bike in victory circle 10 more times. His teammate, Blake Young, took three Superbike victories and made it on the box five times.
National Guard Jordan Suzuki’s Jake Zemke scored a pair of early-season victories at Daytona and three other podium appearances. Ben Bostrom and his Pat Clark Motorsports Yamaha took a popular win at Laguna Seca and sprayed champagne on seven other occasions.
Larry Pegram Racing’s Larry Pegram landed his Ducati atop the AMA Superbike box at Auto Club Speedway and made a total of six podium appearances. Overcoming injury, Aaron Yates took his Michael Jordan Motorsports Suzuki to victory circle once and scored poles at each of the first two race meetings, while John Hopkins took his Team M4 Monster Energy Suzuki to a trio of late-season, podium-worthy AMA Superbike rides.
The 2010 AMA Daytona Sportbike champion Martin Cardenas and his Team M4 Monster Energy Suzuki posted nine wins and he stood on the podium four more times. All told, Chicken Hawk Racing-equipped AMA Daytona Sportbike riders nailed four of 10 poles, blasted off the grid to score 13 of 17 wins and 31 of 51 podium finishes after using Chicken Hawk Racing tire warmers, taking six out of the top ten in overall series standings.
Richie Morris Racing Geico Powersports’ defending champion, Danny Eslick, won three AMA Sportbike races and joined seven other podium celebrations while trying to retain his crown. Newcomer Bobby Fong won his first pro race and put the DNA Energy Drink-sponsored Ducati on the podium twice more. Team Latus Motors Racing Ducati’s Steve Rapp slugged it out to six hard-fought podium finishes and Cory West put his Vesrah Suzuki on the box twice in 2010.
Chicken Hawk Racing is proud to have been involved with Elena Myers’s Supersport effort. The 16-year-old Lucas Oil Roadracingworld.com RMR Suzuki rider became the first woman to capture an AMA Pro Racing win in professional competition.
In the Vance & Hines XR1200 series, Eslick rode double-duty for the RMR Bruce Rossmeyer Daytona Racing team, taking the championship with three wins in the five-race contest. Chicken Hawk Racing riders took all five pole positions, four wins and 11 of 15 podium positions.
PJ Jacobson, on a Celtic Racing-sponsored entry, took one win and another podium finish. Eslick’s teammate, Jake Holden, put in a trio of podium-worthy appearances. Travis Wyman, the series’ runner-up, twice made it on the box. Shawn Higbee and Eric Stump each put their Harleys in the top three at one time in the inaugural XR1200 series.
Working directly with America’s top racers and the world’s best tire engineers, Chicken Hawk Racing continues to prove – and improve – its products in America’s fiercest roadracing classes.
These are the details that set the good apart from the best. Fractions of a second, those that separate defeats from wins. Delivery, passion and solidarity are the ingredients which turn failures into achievements.
And when, last Sunday at Estoril for the Portugal 125cc MotoGP, Marc Marquez fell on the way to the grid, his work and aspirations for the World Championship title came crashing down in a moment like a house of cards.
However, in a few frenetic minutes in front of the Repsol pit-box, a group of mechanics performed a heroic act of rebuilding his 125cc motorcycle and returning him to the start line to defend his lead.
Amongst the confusion around a race interrupted by rain, the inherent nerves at the start of a Motorcycle World Championship race and the tension of having a 125cc title at stake, the image of Marc Marquez clinging onto the handlebars of his blue and orange Derbi, rolling across the floor of Estoril moments before the start of the event, left everyone witnessing the scene on television in astonishment.
With the fairing hanging off, his 125cc motorcycle’s exhaust destroyed, Marquez returned to the pit-boxes to make any possible repairs to enable him to start the race and fight for vital 125cc Championship points.
In that moment, the whole of the Repsol rider’s team, his teammate’s mechanics and also some mechanics from other competitors, went to work on Marquez small Derbi 125cc while he, alongside Emilio Alzamora, tried to calm down inside the pit-box.
Aki Ajo – Repsol 125cc team owner and manager and chief mechanic – Patrick – Marc´s telemetry engineer -, Purkke and Tomás – Marc´s mechanics -, Guille – trainee mechanic -, Stephan, Paolo and Guille – Sandro Cortese’s telemetry engineer and mechanics, and another three mechanics from Alex Debón’s team and, also one from Antonio Banderas’s team went to work on the shattered pieces of the Debi RSA which has given them so many successes this season, fixing the clutch and brake levers, fairings, rear cowling and exhaust in less than three seemingly endless minutes.
Finally the 125cc Derbi with its number 93 on the front was rebuilt by the skillful hands of the Ajo Motorsport team and Marquez could head for the pit lane exit to join the World Championship pack to start the warm up lap.
The passion and love for this Cervera (Lleida) boy, only 17-years old, had conspired to give him a second chance. The unity of a family who came together at the beginning of the year in Finland when the Repsol rider travelled to the 125cc team headquarters to meet his new colleagues for this long journey, to ride ice bikes and, above all share fun times with Aki Ajo and the rest of the team, forging a complicity and confidence that has allowed the Repsol rider to grow race after race, by leaps and bounds.
Two people from Finland, one from Germany and two from Spain made up the small 125cc team which have supported Marc Marquez throughout what is proving to be an intense season.
Ten-time Finnish ice bike Champion and sometime World Championship rider, Aki Ajo set up his own team in 1997 and, in 2002, embarked on the Continental Circus with a diamond in the rough, Mika Kallio, who became runner-up two years running. In 2008 he took French rider Mike Di Meglio to the World Championship title and, this season, at 42 years old, he crossed paths with Marc Marquez.
Aki Ajo says: “It’s been great to get to know and work with Marc because such a talented rider, with such a drive to learn doesn’t come along every year. Also, despite only being seventeen years old, he gives the impression of being much older by the maturity of his thinking and reasoning. Being such a special young man you have to remember that he is also a very young rider.”
Born in Lleida in May 1973, Emilio Alzamora became one of the most spectacular braking riders of the 125cc category from the mid to the end of the nineties. His skills rewarded him in the ’99 season, the year in which he won the 125cc World Championships. After retiring in 2003, he went on to working with new talent in the world of two wheels and two years ago returned to the World Championships, this time at the side of Marc Marquez.
Emilio Alzamora says: “Our expectations at the start of this season were of course not these results. For me, what Marc has done is too much. So many wins and so many poles has made him the one to beat in the category, the bar by which the others measure themselves and, in part that has been due to the great job Aki Ajo and his team have done. Unfortunately, we have not been lucky but, for me, win or not, he has already proved what he needed to prove.”
Speed rider for many years, this 28 year-old German was runner-up in Germany in 2004 in the 125cc category, a result which allowed him to compete as a wild-card on 5 occasions at Sachenring. Methodical and analytical, his interest in telemetry led him in 2008 to make his debut as telemetry engineer for Stephen Bradl, before meeting the Repsol rider Marc Márquez this season.
Patrick Unger says: “I’m really enjoying this season which is going perfectly. I’m very impressed by the way Marc works; at only 17 he’s always interested to see what happened on track and be clear on what needs to be done at all times. He prepares each race meticulously, training, asking questions, discussing how to improve. His energy motivates the whole team and they work even harder.”
The chief mechanic of the Ajo Motorsport team, ‘Purkke’, is a 47 year old Finn who worked in the Finnish, European and also in the Spanish Speed Championships. In love with motorbikes and his job, he joined the team in 2002 and since then has worked with riders such as Koyama, Cortese and Mike Di Meglio, with whom he was World Champion two years ago.
Jorma Saarinen “Purkke” says: “I feel privileged to be working with Marc. The thing I like most about him is that he is a completely normal young guy; he’s not ‘starry” despite having such an impressive season and there aren’t many riders like him. He’s not just the team rider, he’s one of us. He always wants everything to be perfect, even if we are working and the box needs clearing up, he doesn’t have a problem doing it without being asked. He enjoys what he’s doing without thinking about the money or being special.”
At 29-years old, this is his seventh season as mechanic and truck driver in the World Championships, after starting out in the Spanish Speed Championships and the European Championships with Álvaro Molina. He started as a mechanic for Alex Barros in the Honda Pons team and has also worked with Bradley Smith and Tito Rabat in 125s and with Julián Simón in 250ccs. Last season he joined the Ajo Motorsport team.
Tomas Foncea says: “This is a fantastic experience because winning so many races in one season and being at the same level as riders such as ‘Aspar’ or Rossi is something that I don’t think will happen again in my whole career as a mechanic. To work with Marc has been very easy because we always get on well, there are never problems when it comes to setting up the bike, he always appreciates our work and to see him later on the track is a great reward.” |
58 and “Youngenizing” living each day excited and passionate and ready to play the game of Making a Difference. Asking for what I want and creating miracles along the way.
Founded a 501c3 not for profit in 63 days and initiated the national food drive with the US post office that happens in May! I won the Boston Parent Advocate Award, was written up in Family Circle, New Age Journal, The Boston Globe, NY times and won Liz Walkers Angel Award. I also was honored to receive an acknowledgement from The House of Representatives in MA for all my community service. My present company is a dream come true.
My heart passion is providing natural health education which I do through my participation with Young Living as a way to keep myself healthy in addition to smelling great! Plus now I am able to share the goodness of essential oils! There is a plant on earth for all the ills of man.
My favorite things to do other than make FRUMPLES® is gardening, traveling, fishing, sculpting and creating and oiling!!!
OCT 7, 1997 I had a dream. I woke up, wrote it down and the next day I went into the studio and created the first FRUMPLE®.For 65 nights I dreamt different poems. I got Trade Marks and went and had a book search done to see if there was anything in the world like a FRUMPLE®. There wasn’t. I have notebooks filled with ideas, stories, movies and FRUMPOLOGY® INSPIRATIONS!!! Face of the first and each one is different just like you and me!!!
Three years ago I had given a presentation and gave each person who attended a FRUMPLE® as a gift and a doctor came to me and said my son has a machine that could raise the frequency of a FRUMPLE to help ward off EMF’s and help balance peoples energy fields. I took a class on Kinesiology, and can show how they help your body balance. I have continued making them myself and sell them at festivals, handing out a brochure and a sticker to anyone I test which has been my only advertising. I have a dream come true business that makes a difference for all involved. In the beginning they all were adorable little faces and now have over 60 designs. Each one is an individual sculpture.
CEO Space weeks or weekends, I surround myself with the worlds greatest people! I love to learn about how OILS help the body and am in continuous trainings to learn more.
KEEP A DREAM JOURNAL, meditate at least 10 minutes every day and find people who believe in you and support your dreams to associate with.
Sunshine and blue skies, babies smiles and making a difference. My personal and business mission is to leave each and every with a smile! Waking up and being 100% functioning and painless is a driving source for my service of mankind. Being part of an organization that provides health education and Therapeutic grade essential oils,
Each moment is a birthday for the moment! Each moment is a brand new moment and can be used to empower or dis-empower the owner of the moment,
I share FRUMPLES® at Festivals and events. Finding new clients is as easy as testing to show how they work and having conversations about them! I always ask questions to get into their world and I always have answers even if its I don’t know and if you buy a FRUMPLE® and have a great result, please share it as I am putting together a FRUMPLE® news letter and would love to include your story!
I enjoy interacting with people. I spray my hands with THIEVES antimicrobial spray every 3-4 people to keep the germs down and muscle test everyone! Each person gets at least one muscle test, one informational brochure and a little heart sticker that says “I’ve been FRUMPLED®!” which creates a buzz with all the other attendees at the event!
I always speak of EMF’S and the damage of them and how FRUMPLES® may help and how 93% of our world is dehydrated, so drink water!! FRUMPLES® work better when the brain is hydrated. I tell the story of the FRUMPLES® dream over and over and over - I share the mission and interact with as many people possible at every given moment.
The economy has supported me not affected me. As long as I am out there exhibiting FRUMPLES® in public, FRUMPLES® have an impact. Sales themselves are down a bit, but interest and awesome opportunities are forth coming! How do you balance personal and business demands?
With the way I have structured the business to this point I have little distinction between the two. I live with my son Jesse, my dog Oliver, 6 laying hens, a Sugar Glider, Wiskas and the FRUMPLES®. Have time for gardening and massage in between frumpling and laundry. Yesterday is a perfect example, I woke up answered emails and packaged 3 orders, went for a dog walk, went for a massage, stopped at grocery store came home to Kim and Gabriel in the pool. I sat and made 50 Frumples® while they swam then went to my sons for dinner. Today I will be home "frumplefacturing", dog walking, answering emails, sending orders and CEO space tonight. I do festivals on weekends where I set up the FRUMPLES® and be at the display for the day interact with people and muscle test, sticker and hand out brochure and they buy FRUMPLES®- its 90% fun and is playing my game of making a difference. I have friends that stop over and play with me sometimes and the frumpology® moves on!! I talk to my family members a few times a week, see them at least once a year. I have my Mr. Sibley who is one of my greatest supports. He is a player in my game and I am a player in his and sometimes we even make time to meet !! Thank GOD for computers and cell phones. What did we do before them??? |
Cupcake bakeries in Hialeah Acres, FL are great for celebrating parties, birthdays, anniversaries, and/or weddings! If you're looking for cupcakes for kids birthday, search this online directory! Many pastry desserts lovers use our bakery shops directory. Kids, teens, women, and men search the various locations, menus, prices, hours, maps of local bakeries on this online directory.
Hialeah Acres cupcakes can be baked and decorated with all types of frosting! Many people love the regular ole vanilla cupcakes, whereas there are many more complicated and rich types with specialty frosting, sprinkles, cake crumbs that be made by closely following a recipe. Chocolate cupcakes are the favorite flavor of the Cupcake Monster - he keeps a pastry stash in the office at all times!!
The recipes for cupcakes Hialeah Acres can also be tailored for any health or diet concerns you may have. For example, gluten-free vanilla cupcakes can be substituted for extra rich flavors plus still taste super yummy. If you're diabetic, look for diabetic cupcakes at local bakery shops that are delicious and help control your blood sugar.
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Then It Was Gone. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use. Blacksburg Best Place to Retire Thanks for watching this video. Please consider supporting me on Patreon: I hope it's useful for you. I like to get 2 a week sometimes that doesn't happen. We thought the place would be hostile and dangerous when in fact it was inviting and beautiful in it's own way. It used to be a military base but hundreds of squatters came and made it their home.
Through their world-class scientists, photographers, journalists, and filmmakers, Nat Geo gets you closer to the stories that matter and past the edge of what's possible. Such material is made available for educational purposes only. Ferrum Most Affordable Small Town 9. All rights goes to their respective owners, No copyright infringement intended. The county is often referred to in the region simply as "Arlington" or "Arlington, Virginia". This article is an opinion based on facts and is meant as infotainment Music by: I do lists about locations. Copyright Disclaimer Under Section of the Copyright Act , allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. I will relocate there someday. This video may contain copyrighted material. Sam Mercer - He's awesome.. It is the highest-income county in the United States by median family income, though it has the highest concentration of singles in the region. It was dedicated on January 15, and it is the world's largest office building. Built during the early years of World War II, it is still thought of as one of the most efficient office buildings in the world. Fast forward to a year later, the team is now based out of Los Angeles, making a show on Snapchat Discover. Here are the 10 best places to live in Virginia: Some Footage from FreewayJim. My favorite is 6. Travel books you need to read. Arlington is the second-largest principal city of the Washington metropolitan area. I post at least once a week. We thought the place would be hostile and dangerous when in fact it was inviting and beautiful in it's own way. It is directly across the Potomac River from Washington, D. It used to be a military base but hundreds of squatters came and made it their home. Boasting all four seasons and beautiful mountains in the western part of Virginia, as well as miles of sandy ocean beaches to the east, this state is beautiful year-round. Arlington County is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia.
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It was like a festival of bursting creative energy as hundreds of former tour guides who represented the UN to the public gathered on the occasion of the tour's 50th anniversary. They came from different continents drawn from varied backgrounds, all unified in their loyalty to the United Nations' principles of understanding among cultures and peace among nations. They laughed, reminisced, new guides and old told stories and exchanged anecdotes. One of the oldest said the most frequent question of visitors was: Where did Soviet leader Kruschev bang his shoe? One of the youngest, a Ghanien, said she was often asked whether she was related to her compatriot Kofi Annan.
The Secretary General was on hand. He was mobbed by photo and autograph seekers as he made his way through the General Assembly lobby to open a special exhibit. His speech was to the point, spoken with warmth and grace. It was when the new head of the Department of Public Information, Shashi Tharour, introduced one unfamiliar speaker after another, exchanging niceties and attempting subtle humour, that the large crowd resumed their enthusiastic conversation, despite public reminders by Tharour to lend their ears to the speakers. Some said they were simply not interested to hear anyone else after the Secretary General, except their own colleagues' recounting experiences. One said many of her colleagues were disappointed by an exaggerated attention to otherwise irrelevant visitors and highlighting only three former guides as achievers, when most have done very well. Everyone enjoyed getting together, having a buffet dinner with more tolerated, yet unheard, speeches and fun sketches. Special tributes went to the organizers in DPI, whose three former heads attended: Therese Sevigny, Eugene Wyzner, and Samir Sanbar attended. A special effort was made by the head of the guided tour unit, Hellene Hoedl, who maintained her smile despite pressing headlines, assisted by welcoming in volunteers. An Excellent Performance.
Everyone can do arts and crafts; some can even make it their job. Many projects, like making clothing, can turn into pretty decent income. Knowledge is essential to the process. Keep reading to find out what you need to know.
To avoid mess while you are getting creative, spread out some newspaper. After your project is complete, discard the papers and have no worries.
Would you like to save money when you buy your craft supplies? If you go online, there are many websites that offer excellent deals on many different types of crafts. A quick online search is all it takes to find great deals. Many online stores offer shipping free of charge to help your budget.
Let children be creative when it comes to their projects. The idea of doing these types of projects is to foster creativity. If you are telling them they did something wrong, they’ll sour on the project.
Since many crafting projects create messes, use newspaper to cover your surface before you begin. Once you are done with your projects, you can throw away the newspaper and not have to worry about trying to take care of any issues.
If it is hard to locate craft supplies at the price you want to pay, check out secondhand stores. Goodwill and other similar stores have a lot of stuff for clever crafters. Keep checking local stores on a regular basis to find new merchandise.
Remember that kids can be messy with arts and crafts. If that bothers you, cover the work surface with newspaper or butcher paper to contain the mess. Use washable materials, such as washable adhesives and markers.
Look at Beadaholique to find jewelry supplies. They carry jewelry making supplies including beads, chains and tools. Costume jewelry is very popular in today’s fashion scene. Create pieces for every outfit and save some dollars when you make it yourself.
Look at Beadaholique to find jewelry supplies. You can find all sorts of items for this type of project. Many fashions today incorporate costume jewelry into them. Create pieces for every outfit and save some dollars when you make it yourself.
When going through arts and crafts involving children, don’t get stuck on firm examples to compare finished projects to. Try not to show concrete examples of the finished product so their imaginations can run wild. They can put an eye where an ear goes. Let them do what they want, or you will stifle the creative process.
Do a single project at a time. It’s far too easier to have more than one project going at a time. However, this causes many people to not finish any of their projects. Relax and stick to one thing at a time. This will help ensure that your craft projects get completed.
Look to Etsy for supplies. This online crafts retailer sells items directly from individual crafters. You can also sell your projects on this website. Etsy is a pretty good choice if your current or next project requires vintage media.
When crafting with your kids, the end result doesn’t have to be written in stone. If you do not provide an example, or show several different types, it will allow your children to rely on their imaginations. Let them use their creativity for interesting ideas. It is important to allow them to express their creativity.
Remove cloudiness from mosaic after the mortar is dry by spraying glass cleaner on a rag and wiping the mosaic down. The mortar powder is hard to get out without it and you don’t need it gumming up the finish of the final project.
Research great craft ideas online. Sites make how-tos and ideas available to you. No matter what age kids or adults will be doing the project, you are sure to find something that everyone can do online.
Children of all ages can enjoy arts and crafts. If you are working with several children, look for a project they all can enjoy. For fun and creative ideas you can use your friends, family or the internet as resources to help you come up with something enjoyable to do.
Etsy is a great place to purchase the supplies for arts and crafts projects. Individuals sell items here. In addition to purchasing your supplies, this site offers you a chance to sell your projects. If you want vintage items for your projects, this site is great.
For free crafting material, explore in your kitchen for craft supplies. There are many gems for crafting there. You can use old dishes, jars, metal and a plethora of other objects that are perfect for crafting. Dried pasta could be a material you can use also.
When you have a bunch of kids to entertain, turn to crafts. You can find a project for any age group. Search the Internet to find projects relevant to your particular group.
If you have painted with oils and you are not fond of your creation, you can always paint over it. Oil won’t hurt the surface because it’s adaptable. It might even add depth to the overall design!
You can use your arts and crafts skills to make presents instead of buying them. It is possible to make personalized gifts year-round and use them as holiday presents. Most people prefer homemade gifts to store-bought, and the money you save each year will be worth the effort.
Arts and crafts are entertaining to people, both young and old. It doesn’t matter who you are, there are arts and crafts projects you’ll enjoy doing. In fact, do some research online prior to choosing one to find projects that’ll work best for your group.
Buy your supplies wholesale if need be. When you buy them at retailers, you usually pay a lot more than you need to. However, buying wholesale will allow you to get more for less. Share the wealth with some friends, or try selling the extra craft supplies.
You can use your hobby to make gifts. This technique will allow you to personalize gifts throughout the year. Many people like homemade gifts, rather than gifts bought from the store.
Don’t throw away product packaging. There are many uses for this packaging. Store the item and refer back to it when you require inspiration.
A Spirograph can be a wonderful tool for teaching children basic pattern skills. Take the time to show your children the many different things they can create with this fun tool and let them explore patterns on their own.
For maximum fun, always consider your child’s age and skills before choosing a model car kit to work on together. If they’re young, opt for models that snap together. With older kids, you can opt for the glue and paint variety.
When you are crafting with kids, you should seek other learning chances in the actual project. Let them count objects needed, subtract each one when used, read directions and similar things. Not only will they be having fun, but they will be learning.
A lot of craft stores offer craft pamphlets that outline specific projects. While you’re checking out the store, look for them. These are on a hook at eye level. All of the supplies you need for the project should be found nearby to the pamphlet.
Think about looking for wholesale craft supplies as a way to save money. Large and popular retail stores often over charge you for an item you can find somewhere else at half the cost. But, purchasing wholesale means you get more at a much lower price. You may just end up with more supplies that you can use on your own, so share them with friends or make extra cash by selling them online.
Use several minutes to soak paint-saturated brushes in baby oil before attempting to wash them. This makes the paint come off much easier.
A lot of stores provide free pamphlets or instruction sheets for different arts and crafts projects. Keep an eye out for those types of pamphlets when you’re looking inside the store. Many times they are right at eye level. You should get directions and a supply list in the pamphlet.
Making things that have an actual use in the home makes arts and crafts projects even better. You can create things to decorate with like flower pots, picture frames, blinds, cushions, and more. Such items are terrific gifts as well.
A good tip to rinse off paint-filled brushes that are difficult to clean, is to soak them in baby oil for a couple minutes before washing them. This makes the paint run from your brushes more easily, giving them a longer lifespan.
Nature can be a great source of inspiration if you need help with your creative projects. Especially with colors, you can always find amazing examples in what nature has to offer. Look at photos in magazines, look on the Internet, or simply walk outside to find some good color schemes. Where ever you look should provide you with creative ideas and instant inspiration!
Making things that have an actual use in the home makes arts and crafts projects even better. You can make anything, such as frames and even blinds. Friends and family will also be delighted to receive your creations as gifts.
Your kitchen is filled with cheap and fun supplies if you know where to look. Different shapes of uncooked pasta and other food items along with some paint, glue and paper plates can help them create an art festival at home. Let your kids glue pasta pieces onto the plates in the shapes and patterns that they desire, and then finish it all up with some paint.
Get organized by sorting by project. To make your crafting run more efficiently, finding ways to save your time would be very beneficial. All the items you use for a certain project should be near each other.
Cooking can really tap into your creative side. Decorating cakes can be enjoyable, as can creating an elaborate dish with fancy fixings. If you’re looking for something a little less complicated, consider decorating cupcakes.
Your kitchen is ripe with a myriad of crafting supplies for kids. If you want an afternoon-long arts extravaganza, all you need are some paper places, paint, glue and uncooked pasta. Have the children glue the pasta into shapes and patterns on the plates, then paint them to add a finishing touch.
If you want to get into a specific art and craft field, make sure you can manage the expense. Craft projects require different supplies. For example, if you go into knitting, then you will need to buy yarn. Budget the expenses associated with a project before getting into it.
Even though cooking is not considered typical arts and crafts, there are many ways one can enjoy their creative side in the kitchen. For example, decorating a cake is certainly an “artsy” endeavor. Decorating cupcakes is another project that isn’t as hard.
Just because something is called arts and crafts doesn’t necessarily mean is has to be something from scratch. You can use everyday supplies to embellish any project or object you are creating. Get creative and think about what you have that could use some tweaking. If you want to save money, visit garage sales to find some great deals on items you can embellish for very low amounts of money.
If you desire to engage in a particular aspect of arts an crafts, be sure that your budget can accommodate it. Different types of crafts need different supplies. For example, if you go into knitting, then you will need to buy yarn. Always plan out the expenses of arts and crafts projects.
Now that you’ve read this, you should be able to create nearly anything you can think of. Utilize them as you go in order to have the best arts and crafts experience possible. Eventually, you will notice your creations getting better and better.
If you’re making a tuffet, make sure the cushion is big enough for the child to lie and sit on for some time. Also, add a pocket that can hold books or toys.
Jumping rope can be quite intense. It can also help you to increase your coordination and improve your footwork. It isn’t just for the playground, it can provide a number of incredible benefits for boxers and kickboxers. It is a great cardiovascular activity that also develops quick footwork. It isn’t rocket science but you may not know exactly what to do for a good jump rope workout. It is a great way to get a quick active boost in your day. It takes a special skill and good coordination so you need to go slowly as you are making your way to getting used to it.
With a weighted rope, you find it possible to time your jumps far better. Tally Jump gives the best jump rope training experience to not just push yourself as an athlete except to train anytime and anywhere. Don’t attempt to jump as large as possible on every jump. Everything begins with the simple jump.
You should make sure you choose a jump rope that’s going to comfortable that you use and your own style. The rope has genuine leather, which means you own a jump rope constructed to last for the very long run. Employing a jump rope is a critical part of any boxer’s exercise regime. Many jump ropes have adjustable handles, so search for one that can readily be adjusted depending on your preference. Check facts about best jump rope here. The Buy Jump Rope can be found in four unique lengths so that you would easily find according to your requirements. If you are just about to begin, then it’s the ideal jump rope to purchase. The highest quality jump ropes will provide you with a safer feature along with great convenience for you.
A heavy rope will work each of the above plus the triceps, forearms, and the remainder of the back muscles. It’s also great to contemplate the weight of the rope itself as it’s a terrific approach to assist you build strength and stamina whilst improving your cardio strength. With Master of Muscle’s excellent customer service and delivery, you will be able to delight in the jump rope from the instant you purchase it and for many years to come! There isn’t any particular jump rope that may be deemed best. Consequently, there are loads of high-performance jump rope for exercisetoday that could fit to any sort of jump rope exercise.
The jump rope handles have a textured grip that delivers maximum comfort during workouts, together with sleek and long-lasting polyurethane material created for performance. At first sight, you might believe that all boxing jump ropes are essentially the exact same but there are a number of critical differences that you have to be conscious of in order to select one that is ideal for your demands. You have to purchase the very best boxing jump rope for your requirements.
There are quite different methods to jump the rope. On the off probability which you are rope bouncing without shoes, shin shanks have the opportunity to unwind. The very best class speed ropes made available by Beast Gear are well worth looking at. |
George Voulgaris looks to pass the ball to a teammate as he attempts to protect the ball from a defender.
After a long summer leading up to a highly anticipated season, Chicago kicked off the season with a bang on a sunny Thursday afternoon on Stagg Field. With the season beginning on September 1, the Maroons posted their best season-opening offensive performance in the past 10 years with a 4–0 win against Dominican University. This was just the beginning of a 10-game winning streak that is still standing untouched.
Following the stellar shutout victory courtesy of third-year goalkeeper Hill Bonin, the Chicago men pulled through a penalty-riddled match with a 1–0 triumph in overtime. Third-year Andre Abedian proved to be the MVP of this match as he converted on a one-on-one situation, burying the goal effortlessly. Abedian came in clutch once again the following Wednesday when he kicked in another vital goal to secure a win against Knox College following long delays due to harsh weather conditions.
The squad also got a massive scoring punch from its young first-year class in tandem with stellar defensive play during a 3–0 win at North Park University on Friday, September 9. First-year Dayo Adeosun scored the first two goals of the game with assists from fellow first-year David McBroom. The nationally fourth-ranked Maroons (5–0 record) finished their game on Tuesday, September 13, with their fifth straight shutout, the longest in UChicago history. They beat Wheaton College with almost perfect defense and an impressive offensive performance.
After falling behind by one goal against Elmhurst, the team came soaring from behind to win 4–1 on September 16. McBroom erased the team’s deficit and was followed by another first-year goal, this time courtesy of Sam Drablos, who also gained an assist on the third goal of the game as well. Following Friday’s victory, second-year Max Lopez came to impress as he supplied his team with a hat trick in the second half of the game, which was all that was necessary to pull off the victory against Wartburg.
The Maroon men finished off the last three games of their preseason with a 4–0 win against North Central Illinois, a 2–0 victory against Rose-Hulman, and a 6–2 triumph over No. 19 Carthage College. They ended their streak of pre-class games with a stellar 10–0 record.
“The first 10 games preceding our conference games have been extremely successful,” said second-year Matthew Koh. “We still have many areas that we can improve in, but coming out 10-0 is definitely a good feeling and a good improvement from last year.” When talking specifically about what improvements needed to be made, Koh said, “I really just hope I can stay healthy and keep helping this team win. I also want to become a better communicator on the field, and stay motivated.”
Fourth-year Chris Mathis also pitched in on what he thinks is important to maintain as the season blows into full force. “Maintaining a high level of intensity in training and in games is something that I work on improving every day. While it’s difficult at times to stay focused, it is vitally important to be ready at a moment’s notice when your time to play comes. Off the field, I and the rest of the seniors and upperclassmen make a concerted effort to cultivate the team’s culture,” he said.
The team heads to Atlanta, GA, this weekend to take on Emory in its first conference match of the season. The game begins at 1:30 p.m. on Saturday.
After losing their jobs, Greg and Gloria Christ drove through office parks, jotting down the names of potential employers. Eventually they tried a more direct route to getting work: a temporary-help agency.
"At this point in time, I think even if there was something that was temporary it could become full time later on," said Gloria Christ of Palatine, a former customer service professional with nearly two decades of managerial experience. The Christs wound up seeking the help of Banner Personnel Service in Schaumburg.
As the economy continues to struggle, more unemployed workers with years of professional experience are willing to take jobs for which they are overqualified, experts say.
Local temporary agencies report being flooded -- and not just with recent graduates or retirees looking for part-time gigs. People who should be at the pinnacle of their careers also are flocking to their doors, said Janet Sloan, president of Seville Staffing in Chicago.
"What I have seen is the increase in prime-aged individuals who are actively seeking just about anything," she said. "There is definitely an increase in qualified candidates."
It's hard to say how many people are overqualified for their jobs. Those workers aren't calculated in the Department of Labor's underemployment rate, which spiked to 13.9 percent in January, said Heidi Shierholz, an economist with the labor-oriented Economic Policy Institute in Washington.
Only the unemployed are included with people who have recently given up their job searches and those who would prefer full-time work to their part-time jobs.
Although not measured in federal data, over-qualification is a form of underemployment and very much on the rise, Shierholz said.
"When you have productive, hardworking people who can't maximize their potential, the productivity the economy would have gotten from them is gone," she said. "It disappeared. You can never get it back."
Among those taking the temp agency route is Damon Karras, a former manager at an advertising marketing firm with six years of sales experience and a biology degree who has been out of work since October.
Months of searching for a position in such fields as the garment industry and pharmaceutical sales turned up nothing. So a few weeks ago, he found himself at a staffing agency taking a typing test, which is required to land a temporary clerical job.
A year ago, less than 10 percent of the workers placed locally through Manpower employment service took jobs for which they were overqualified, said Anne Edmunds, regional director of the global company, which has almost 50 offices in Illinois. Now 20 to 25 percent fit into that category.
"People are more than willing to try new occupations, much more willing than they were even a year ago," she said.
Compared with two years ago, the number of local, degree-holding professionals seeking help at Manpower has increased by 35 to 40 percent, Edmunds said. Those with master's degrees are up about 5 to 10 percent.
"I can tell you we've had a licensed attorney come in and want temporary work as office support," said Sloan of Seville Staffing.
Gloria Christ, 51, was formerly a national project manager for an information technology consulting company who helped coordinate the installation of WiFi hot spots at 7,000 locations nationwide. Now she would consider an office manager position.
Aaron Brooks, managing director of The Mergis Group's Chicago office, said the employment agency used to have to recruit people who had more credentials, especially advanced degrees. These days he sees more candidates with MBAs and CPAs reaching out to his agency.
Many have never been out of a job and their outstanding credentials often work against them, he said.
Although many professionals are willing to take a pay cut just to be employed, companies frequently turn away overqualified applicants for fear they will leave as soon as the economy picks up, Brooks said.
John Vanderschuit, 22, received an associate's degree in graphic design in the spring. Despite an internship at a television studio, he said there's little hope he will get a job in his desired field anytime soon.
But the real surprise came when he applied for a job at Hollywood Video. With about two years of experience at Blockbuster under his belt, he figured he would be a shoo-in. Instead he was told he was overqualified and turned away.
For those thinking about applying for a job through a temp agency, here are common questions and answers from career experts:
A. "I think in this economy there are no negatives to going to a temp agency," said Terri Berryman, director of career services at Roosevelt University.
What's more important to employers is that there isn't a gap in employment on your resume. Temporary work helps bridge the gap between permanent positions while often providing needed training and skills.
A. Yes, some positions will be listed as temp-to-hire. Others, known as long-term commitments, are filled solely by a contracted agency and can last for years, Berryman said.
In tough economic times, companies generally budget money for temporary workers before finding the funds for salaried employees. This gives temp employees a chance to get their foot in the door before permanent positions become available.
A. "Immediately. It's a great way to continue to work and build your skill set," Berryman said. "The minute you get laid off you should start looking at temp as an opportunity. Don't wait till you have no money and you're feeling desperate."
There are temp firms that specialize in health care, information technology, finance and office work. Others focus on fields such as law and place paralegals, legal assistants and attorneys.
A. Obviously, a job that will further your interests and career would be more beneficial than one that doesn't, Berryman said. But keep in mind that the very essence of a temporary job is that the worker won't be doing it forever.
"In this economy, it's really difficult to tell someone to say no to something if it doesn't fit their career path. For most employers it will look better to have something than to have nothing," she said.
A. Provide a professional, to-the-point resume, follow up when directed to do so, remain upbeat and energetic yet serious, answer questions with succinct, positive responses and dress professionally, said Janet Sloan, president of Seville Staffing in Chicago.
"We can get people who really don't have sufficient means," she said. "But I can tell you that those who are most destitute but make the most effort to appear tidy and professional ... make big points."
We may not be standing in bread lines, but more and more people are lying awake at night worried about their jobs, their money and their future.
Find the Tribune's Recession Survival Guide series, plus financial planning tools you can use, at chicagotribune.com/survival |
If a BPM Process is created with a Linked Object and an auto-start condition, and the process is activated even if the auto-start condition is not met, this will cause a problem in saving any task. This issue also occurs when trying to save the project back into Clarity from Open Workbench (OWB).
Primary Object = Project, Linked Object = Resource or any other linked attribute that can be selected
Start Options, Auto-start, Start Event = Update, Start Condition = 'Project Stage' = Initiation (or any other valid stage)
Optional: you can check Stage value, but the issue is reproduced regardless of the value meeting the BPM process auto-start condition
Open the project in Open Workbench (OWB), and then try to save it back into Clarity - the error is also reproduced for this action
See also categories: U.S. Route 95 in Arizona, U.S. Route 95 in California and U.S. Route 95 in Nevada.
2014-07-06 12 20 24 Welcome to Oregon sign along northbound U.S. Route 95 about 75.4 miles north of the junction with Interstate 80 at the Oregon border in McDermitt, Nevada.JPG 3,264 × 2,448; 4.22 MB
2014-07-06 12 20 46 View north along U.S. Route 95 about 75.4 miles north of the junction with Interstate 80 at the Oregon border in McDermitt, Nevada.JPG 3,264 × 2,448; 4.03 MB
2014-07-06 12 22 08 Welcome to Nevada sign along southbound U.S. Route 95 about 75.4 miles north of the junction with Interstate 80 at the Oregon border in McDermitt, Nevada.JPG 3,264 × 2,448; 4.37 MB
2014-07-06 12 22 24 Welcome to Nevada sign along southbound U.S. Route 95 about 75.4 miles north of the junction with Interstate 80 at the Oregon border in McDermitt, Nevada.JPG 2,448 × 3,264; 3.25 MB
2014-07-06 12 23 20 View south along U.S. Route 95 about 75.4 miles north of the junction with Interstate 80 at the Oregon border in McDermitt, Nevada.JPG 3,264 × 2,448; 3.56 MB
Description German-French painter, university teacher, visual artist, art theorist, teacher and lawyer
Hello, I am in need of new processor and look to buy i3 8350k which means I need motherboard with Z370 chipset if I understood correctly (I currently have H110). I have DDR4 RAM module that works on 2133Mhz, motherboard have support for it but here on intel product website it says on Memory Types DDR4-2400, so is that maximum supported memory clock, or only supported memory clock, and what would happen if I put in my memory of 2133Mhz?
If your motherboard supports the i3-8350k with the socket, BIOS, and chipset, then it would run at the slower speed memory of 2133Mhz.
Great thanks, so there is no problem that on the link you sent is stated only DDR4-2400 whilst I have 2133Mhz?
When it lists a processor as supporting a specific speed, this means that the processor has been fully qualified to run at that speed or lower. In your case, this means it is fully qualified to run at either 2133MHz or 2400MHz.
can i ask what happen if i put a ddra4 3000 on i3-8350k, that have a limit of 2400? and in case of overclock?
DRS 2018 kicked off on Monday June 25th with the ‘PhD by Design’ session which was held in the Limerick School of Art and Design. The day began with the ‘messy introductions’ where an image of our PhD would appear in random order and when it appeared on screen you had 90 seconds to explain…
The Designing for STEM team at the Nimbus Research Centre, CIT are delighted to announce an exciting new ‘Designing for STEM’ programme which was launched on Monday, May 21st, at the Nimbus Research Centre, CIT. The programme was officially launched by Dr. Orla Flynn, Vice President External Affairs, CIT and Trish Brennan, Head of Fine…
I have engaged in preliminary groups discussions with STEM teachers to discuss the STEM curriculum in Irish Secondary Schools, the problems they face with completing the curriculum and the teaching methods they use. The main problem that occurred time and time again was time constraints on the teachers – they don’t have time to delve…
Over the past two months I have been busy working on writing a paper which I have now submitted to NordiCHI 2018. This paper is titled “Revisiting and rethinking the structural elements of a Community of Practice”. This paper describes a multi-phase study I conducted which I will briefly describe below. Phase 1 of the…
Thanks to Darragh Bermingham of the Evening Echo for a great article in yesterday’s Evening Echo newspaper about our new ‘Designing for STEM’ initiative! The aim is to engage students in STEM subjects through project-based learning using digital and non-digital materials. We are hoping to connect with more secondary schools going forward so if any…
We are currently busy preparing and planning for our upcoming UMI pilots which will take place in Loreto Secondary School Fermoy, Co. Cork with four classes of transition year students. The pilots will take place over the course of two days, with two classes taking part in a workshop each day. This workshop (the UMI Pilot) is called “The Designing for STEM Program”. With the help of two new Multimedia interns, we are currently working on branding for this program so we can take it into more schools in the future.
The ‘Designing for STEM’ Program is a new initiative aimed at engaging Transition Year students with STEM subjects through project-based learning. The program involves a half-day workshop, in which students will work together to come up with ideas to solve real-world problems using STEM solutions. The best and most innovative ideas will be selected from this workshop, and the students who created them will have the opportunity to take part in a week-long work placement in a STEM company or third-level institute to develop their ideas further.
The program is free, with all materials provided by the organisers. It is being run as part of a Cork Institute of Technology research project investigating new ways to enhance STEM learning for second-level students. The program is funded by the H2020 UMI-Sci-Ed Project (http://umi-sci-ed.eu).
The program will involve the students (working in groups) using ideation and prototyping techniques to develop an idea to the STEM related problem and they will use a selection of materials and technologies to create a model and a brand for their idea. Each group will then present their idea and outputs to the class.
This week we are finalising the lesson plan, gathering and ordering materials, selecting mentors and creating short presentations. A test run of this UMI pilot will take place in the Nimbus Centre in CIT on Tuesday February 6th @ 11-1pm.
Many of the ideas for best practices in translation and working with CrowdIn were inspired by the guidelines published by the Flattr community.
The Alfresco resource files that are uploaded to CrowdIn do not have a language suffix, but they need to have a suffix for each language to which they are translated before they can be installed so that Alfresco can correctly switch between languages.
CrowdIn supports setting the exported file name on a per file basis. We could use this capability to reduce the nesting of folders by having each file renamed into it's correct subdirectory. However, Alfresco is too large of a project to change the setting for every file. Instead we are using scrips to add the suffix on download or build and living with the nesting.
CrowdIn does not have a capability to handle simultaneously translating different versions of a project. They recommend using a subdirectory for each version since the translation memory will translate duplicated strings. This has two downsides:
The project statistics will look bad for each new language unless someone goes back and translates the strings in older versions. This makes the translations look lower quality than they actually are.
However, replacing all of the strings can interrupt a translation that is going well. To mitigate this problem we:
encourage each translation project to have a separate project site with a source control repository where old translations can be completed and maintained
We think this is reasonable because we hope to direct enthusiasm toward translating the most recent version of Alfresco.
You may also have separate Crowdin projects for multiple version of Alfresco. Translations could be migrated using our 'Pre-Translate' feature and the TM sharing option.
I tried to download the latest beta driver for my Radeon 6950 but it crashes upon startup before it even installs giving me the message of, "AMD Software Suite has stopped working." |
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– The chronological order of the comments is getting flip-turned-upside down. Instead of the newest comment being added to the bottom of the post, it will now appear up top. I’m sure this will take a little getting used to at first, but it’s definitely for the better. Eventually, the comments will be set to update live (as in, you won’t have to hit refresh to see new ones), so the hope is that this will be another important step in making the comments sections across the Uproxx network more interactive, with new sparkling insights into who is or is not sexy/fat/stupid appearing as if by magic on your screen directly under the post. THE FUTURE’S SO BRIGHT YOU’LL NEED TO WEAR SHADES (because you’re quite hungover, probably).
– We are adding video/picture functionality to the comments, on a very limited basis. And by “on a very limited basis,” I mean “only for Josh, Dustin, and me, at least for now.” This brings me to two important points: First of all, as soon as these changes take place, I will be responding to substandard comments with this GIF:
And, second of all, we will be granting this privilege to a small number of core, talented commenters over the next week or so. Do YOU want to be extended this honor? Consider this week your tryout. Bring your A game. To give you an idea how this decision will be made, I have compiled this helpful tip sheet:
Other miscellaneous douchebaggery and mouthbreathery. (For example: Rod Carbon’s witty and insightful comment, “2/10” in the Jennifer Love Hewitt post from last week.)
It’s not that there won’t be Lindy. It’s just that Lindy’s been wired in, hammering out the code for the new comment section.
But whining and complaining about content is what the Internet is all about. What is this, a police state? WARMING GLOW SUPPORTS SOPA!?!?!!!!!
Whats the deal with airline peanuts? I can barely shove 5 packages up my ass before someone starts complaining about their child and blah blah, it’s coach, lady. Your kids are gonna see some shit.
I was (inexplicably) awarded picture/video privileges on KSK and WL. They. Are. Awesome. Hopefully now that I’m done with my cross-country move I can earn them here too.
/here is where I would post a gif of Paul Rudd swinging around a pole in denim and flashing the ‘L’ sign behind his back
I am so glad my company’s websense stopped blocking embedded videos. Great to hear Tupac rapping over Bruce Hornsby.
Also is anyone else having problems with uploading a Avatar? I’ve been trying since Friday to upload a new one and the man won’t let me. Bring back Mack!
Finally I’ve found a purpose in my life: become a WarmingGlow commenter with GIF privileges while I continue trying to find a real purpose in my life
Also, if I had privileges I would post the GoT season 2 trailer and ask if there will be a live blog for it.
I’ve been reading this illuminating blog for over a year without commenting. It’s time I bore you with my comments… every now and then.
I’m just going to hold off on commenting until the next comment section revamp when comments are only allowed in animated gif form.
Will there be a way to flip the comments back to top to bottom? because I honestly do not care for upside down posting formats.
hey guys just a suggestion, if the newest comments are on top, then the add comment form should be on top as well so we don’t have to scroll all the way down to add our comment about having sexual relations with some actress
Guerrero, if you don’t let me post gifs, so help me God YOU WILL NOT RECEIVE THE CARVEL ICE CREAM CAKE I PUT IN THE MAIL FROM YOUR BIRTHDAY.
“Don’t condescend me, man. I’ll fuckin’ kill you.” Not since Matt posted his “Commenter Manifesto” back on his With Leather days have I felt this anxious about posting. Just kidding, I don’t feel anything. Curse this analgesia congenita.
Maybe 2/10 should be spoken “two ten” to sound like “tooten” as in that was one rootin-tootin video for JLH……
There’s too many comments about comments. I only wish I could post a Forever Alone picture right now and tag all of us in it.
Mouth breathers? Et tu, danger? I always though WG and filmdurnk were places we could go to avoid the commenting snobbery that so deeply pervades KSK and deadspin. Winning the respect of commenters is the Internet equivalent of impressing those jerks down at the store by catching general Sherman. Sigh.
장미홍, 김준영 (2010), “저출산 고령화로 인한 주택계획지표변화에 대한 연구 - 김포한강신도시를 중심으로” 「대한국토·도시계획학회 추계학술대회 논문집」, pp. 207-208 |
I end the year feeling relatively happy with what I accomplished in my "Honors" Junior classes. There we have a more or less coherent curriculum ("American Literature"), and I know that most of my students can do things now (recognize and speak intelligently about the most famous works of American literature) that they couldn't before. Some of my students fell in love with Henry James and Edith Wharton, reading Portrait of a Lady and The Age of Innocence on their own; others loved Vonnegut, Morrison, or Junot Diaz. They all have a pretty good idea who Whitman, Dickinson and Wheatley are. They can talk familiarly about modernism, post-modernism, and the Transcendentalists. They've been to Walden Pond!
I feel much less happy--not to say completely dispirited--about my Ninth grade "Standard" classes. In those classes I tried many things, and none of them worked very well. I tried to split the class time between whole-class texts and independent reading. For some kids, the independent reading was great. Other kids did everything they could do to avoid actually reading. The best I can say is that the in-class independent reading worked, like nothing else I've ever done, to reveal the real problems that are often, in a more conventional curriculum, hidden from view. I now know that some students really, really, really struggle with and dislike reading--at least most books, at least so far.
With a conventional curriculum, it's easier to pretend that you are reading a little bit even if in fact you're not reading at all. You can use Sparknotes, you can fake the reading homework, you can glean something from what the teacher or other students say, and often you can participate in class discussions and activities. Failing any of those, you can always claim, or the teacher can imagine, that it is just the assigned book that is failing to fire your interest. You are a reader, but not of this book--or so you claim. With in-class independent reading, the non-reader is terrifyingly exposed. Sitting there with his book is for him a form of torture--and what's worse, public torture.
If actually reading is important to improving literacy, and I can't see how it couldn't be important, then I have to figure out how to get these kids to read. One thing I might try next year is starting the year with children's books, trying to have everybody in the class remembering--or (for those who struggled terribly in the very early grades, discovering--that reading is really fun. In the first two weeks maybe we can move from Dr. Seuss to Jack and Annie to Matt Christopher to Roald Dahl to Harry Potter, and some students can stay at the level at which reading is actually fun and not feel bad about reading Matt Christopher instead of Dennis Lehane.
I really, really want my students to learn how enjoyable reading can be. I asked my freshmen to write about a book they liked this year, and a number of them wrote some variation of: I usually don't like to read, but there's one book I truly loved. Usually this book was either a Sonya Sones title or The Hunger Games, but I think it's really important to try to help them find more than one book or author that they love. Some literacy researcher, I forget which, talks about "home run books," books that turn non-readers into readers; my experience this year says that one home run book is not enough. How can I get them to go beyond Sonya Sones? I need more books, we need to spend a lot of time trying to find books that they like, and some of the kids are going to have to read easier books...
Over the summer I'll think all this through more, but for now I just want to note down four goals I have for next year:
1) I want my students to read more. To that end I plan to buy a lot more books, including easier ones, take them to the library more regularly, and do more reading in class in a more structured way. (I will also cut out the non-fiction independent reading unit that I tried this year and that largely failed--the kids did a good job of writing non-fiction, but because the books were just not appealing enough, most of them didn't read much of it. David Coleman can come in as a long-term sub and do that unit if he wants to.)
2) I want my students to learn more vocabulary. This year I had them learn vocabulary words drawn from the books we read as a class, and yet they made, as a class, less than a year's progress in their vocabulary level (I gave them a vocab assessment in September and in June). Next year I am going to have them pay attention to words in the books they read on their own and make their own vocab tests from those words. I also hope to be very intentional about using a lot of higher-order words in class myself. Last week I used the word "behoove" a few times, and many of my weakest students loved it. I'm skeptical about whole-class word lists, but I hope that modeling and encouraging word-love (and upping the reading volume) can make a difference
3) I want my students to do more close reading--in the form of mark-ups, socratic seminars and passage essays. I need to find difficult, high-interest texts or excerpts.
4) I want my students' writing to be more polished. They have to get tough with themselves about the mechanics of their writing. Too many of them produce work that is embarrassingly sloppy, and they just keep on making the same mistakes over and over again.
I still think independent work and independent reading should be a big part of English class, and I want to do even more of it next year, but I now see even more clearly that you have to not only lead a student to books, but create a social system in the classroom that helps him pick out good ones and encourages him to read them. |
Monday 7th January will see James Holland's documentary 'The Battle of Malta' go out on BBC2 and the BBC HD Channel at 2030 GMT. MH434 features in the production which presents a fresh analysis of the World War Two battle for the tiny Mediterranean island of Malta.
In this documentary, Holland argues that the real importance of Malta's position was its offensive role, which has been largely undervalued.
Caught in the crosshairs of a massive struggle between Britain and Germany to control the shipping waters of the Mediterranean, by 1942 Malta had become the most bombed place on Earth. Whilst the level of brutal attacks may seem out of all proportion to the islands size it actually only serves to underline its importance - for Malta held the key to the entire war in the Mediterranean and North Africa.
Paul Bonhomme returned '434 to Duxford on Tuesday 2nd October, after an epic journey to Malta for the 70th anniversary of the Island being awarded the George Cross.
The trip had involved an enormous amount of planning, but once all of the technical aspects had been taken care of, the main intention was to enjoy the experience from beginning to end.. The aeroplane was flown down via Valence, Figari and Palermo, arriving 2 days after it left it's home, straight into a press conference for the Airshow. Thursday was spent going over the aircraft - OFMC chief engineer TIm Fane had flown out to be 'support' for the duration.
On Friday, Paul was allowed to display over the Grand Harbour. Standing on the Saluting Battery, watching him sweep in to the historic arena, then display 434 so beautifully for a mesmerising few minutes, was an experience of a life time. Luckily for us all, Paul Johnson was on hand to take some amazing pictures.
The air display over the weekend looked as though it might be pressured by the Red Arrows being unable to attend at the last moment, but happily, the crowd was larger than last year's and the general consensus was that the Spitfire being there, particularly when it flew with the Air Malta airbus, was a triumph.
A fairly full social agenda was involved too - including the British High Commission for drinks, a reception given by the Head of the Armed Forces, Malta, and various other 'must attend' functions connected to the air show. Everywhere we went the warmth we were greeted with was wonderful, although we would probably single out the Malta Aviation Museum for their immense generosity and thoughtfulness.
A big thanks to Ian Sheeley at TSA for putting us forward for the opportunity, and to Joe Ciliberti, President of the Malta Aviation Society, along with his team, for the hospitality, help and support we were given. A big thanks too for the Armed forces of Malta for hangaring the aeroplane so beautifully and helping out with the requisite manpower where needed.
All of us at OFMC are hugely proud of the success of the trip, and being allowed to participate in such a wonderful occasion.
MH434 will be featuring in a new Channel 5 series 'Heroes of the Sky.' Presented by Lord Ashcroft, Heroes Of The Skies is an ambitious, ground-breaking programme that tells the stories of some of the most heroic airborne combat missions from history.
As part of a celebration of Aviation, Yves “Jetman” Rossy took to the skies with fellow “Breitling Flyer” pilot, Nigel Lamb in the renowned MH434 Spitfire. In this unique close-formation flight, the iconic aircraft offered a stark contrast to the futuristic Jetwing, the cutting edge of Swiss innovation.
’434 had been invited by Toni Küpfer, former president of Bex Aeroclub to display at the airfield’s annual ‘fly-in’ where the aircraft has been a favorite participant since its first appearance in 1976.
Bex aerodrome, near Geneva is also the home base of the pioneering aviator Yves Rossy and serves as a perfect development area for his famous Jetman project.
“To take this occasion to fly in formation with this wonderful machine is an incredible experience. We were very fortunate to have the assistance of the TBM Avenger to act as a camership and I would really like to thank everyone involved, at Bex, Old Flying Machine Company and Breitling to help make this happen.
Since my technology is getting more and more reliable I am very confident about these types of flights. I can relax and enjoy such a fantastic experience. Under my wing I am free, I have the perfect view!”
For Yves Rossy, this is the latest in the series of formation flights, having most recently reenacted a ‘superman’ flight flying alongside a DC3 aircraft to the delight of the 20 passengers onboard.
Paul Bonhomme will be flying ’434 down to Malta the week starting 24th September for the airshow celebrating the 70th anniversary of the siege.
Arranged with the help of the British air display organisers, TSA, we are due to display on both days of the airshow, which various luminaries of the Island are set to attend, including the President and Prime Minister. The Red Arrows will also be participating and it is hoped that ’434 will be able to lead them in formation on both days.
It is particularly apt for MH434 to have been chosen to fly at Malta in this anniversary year, as the Malta Aviation Museum houses a Hurricane there that was flown by Pat Lardner Burke in 1941. Pat, of course, was the principle pilot associated with MH434 during its RAF service, and it currently bears his markings - including the kills he scored over Malta during those incredibly hard times. |
Lunch Menu Texas T Bone Restaurant Lincoln is free HD wallpaper. This wallpaper was upload at November 21, 2018 upload by admin in .You can download it in your computer by clicking resolution image in Download by size:. Don't forget to rate and comment if you interest with this wallpaper.
Beyond, further, more remotely, to or at a greater distance, Further, more remote, remoter, at a greater distance, more distant / Moreover, besides, furthermore, Additional
farther — farther, further 1. general. Further is the older form, being recorded in Old English and probably related to our word forth, while farther is a Middle English variant of further; from this stage the two words came to be used as the comparative… … Modern English usage
farther — farther, further are often used without distinction though originally different words, farther being the comparative of far and further, in its adverbial form (as an adjective, it is without a positive), being the comparative of fore or forth. At … New Dictionary of Synonyms
farther — c.1300, variant of FURTHER (Cf. further) (q.v.), by 17c. it replaced ferrer as comparative of the descendant of O.E. fierr far (itself a comparative but no longer felt as one). Vowel change influenced by the root vowel, and confusion with M.E.… … Etymology dictionary
farther — 1 adverb 1 a greater distance than before or than something else; further: We d better not go any farther today. | farther away/apart etc: The boats were drifting farther and farther apart. | He heard a voice farther down the track. | farther… … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
farther — far|ther1 [ˈfa:ðə US ˈfa:rðər ] adv 1.) a greater distance than before or than something else; a ↑comparative form of far = ↑further ▪ We decided not to go any farther. farther away/apart/down/along etc ▪ The boats were drifting farther and… … Dictionary of contemporary English
This Mercedes-Benz 190 SL as offered by Classic Park was delivered new in the Netherlands on 31 December 1959 and has always remained on Dutch registration! A copy of the "Datenkarte" is still available. On delivery, the car was graphite gray in color, the interior was gray. Somewhere between 1959 and 1988 the car was repainted in the color elfenbein, a new owner bought the car in 1988 and by then the car was already elfenbein. The new owner of 1988 had the car in his possession until 2017. In 2001 he ordered a body off restoration in Germany, there are some pictures of this restoration. The car was then again sprayed in the Mercedes-Benz color elvenbein. The color of the new interior was adapted during this restoration to the color of the body and carried out in red. Classic Park sold the car to the current owner in January 2017, because of the upgrade of the current owner's collection the car is now for sale again.
From 1988 to the present the car has been carefully maintained and the history is fully known. The car is technically and visually in very good condition!
The Mercedes-Benz 190SL is a two-door grand touring convertible with an optional removable hardtop that was produced between May 1955 and February 1963. A prototype was first shown at the 1954 New York Auto Show.
The 190SL was powered by a new, 1.9 L straight-four SOHC engine (Type M121 BII), which developed 105 PS (77 kW; 104 hp) (or 120 gross hp). The four-cylinder engine block of the 190SL was based on the six-cylinder engine of the 300 SL. The 85 mm bore was transferred unchanged from the larger engine to the smaller, although the stroke for the 190 SL was reduced from 88.0 mm to 83.6 mm.
The car was available either as a soft-top convertible (initially priced at DM 16,500/US$ 3,998) or with removable hardtop (DM 17,650/$ 4,295). Optional was a third-passenger transverse seat that could even fit an adult. During its first years the 190SL was available as a sports-racing model with small Perspex windscreen and Spartan one-piece leather covered bucket seats and aluminum doors, although any competition aspirations were modest. In 1959, the hardtop's rear window was enlarged.
Both the 190SL and the 300SL were replaced by the Mercedes-Benz 230SL in 1963. The Mercedes-Benz 190SL is a timeless icon of the German automotive industry. The prices of 190SL's in top condition are rising ever. The beautiful lines, comfortable ride, solid body and reliable technology make the SL a popular and much sought after classic.
Do you want to have a close look at this Mercedes-Benz 190 SL yourself? Please buy a ticket for the museum and visit us or make an appointment by entering your data in the contact form below. We will contact you as soon as possible.
Author 'Tintin.dd' (Id 233567 ) : I go out of my folders this flower season with buds that will soon begin to flourish.
A really nice image of these flowers of the Japanese cherry blossom which stand out well from the bottom
Very pretty bouquet of flowers, well presented, with rose-colored buttons that bring the fun while maintaining the softness of the whole
A superb photo full of sweetness of this branch of the flower I love the presentation (TB) thank you
Very nice picture full of sweetness, this branch under blue sky background is wonderful. Tintin and thank you.
At the heart of the typical village of La Beaume, on the edge of the D993, (all from the 12th century) house renovated, divided into 2 dwellings. The entrance is located on the ground floor, with access by inclined plane. The cottage has a living area with kitchen (1 bed 1 person), washing machine, TV, 2 bedrooms with 2 x 2 beds 1 person be combined, 2 rooms of water - wc, electric heating (not included). Parking. The cottage is situated in the beautiful valley of the Chauranne, in the zone of average mountain between Valley of Buëch and Park of the baronies of Provence. This situation allows access to the practice of many outdoor family activities: hiking, mountain biking, equestrian activities, cycling, climbing... The proximity of the Col de Cabre, Diois and the Drôme provençale allows many escapades.
Making your reservations between the 05/05/2017 and the 21/12/2018 for rental dates between 23/12/2017 and the 22/12/2018 |
Neal Shah DDS is healthcare, which located in Georgia. They address is 1175 Peachtree Street Northwest Ste 1204.
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I have been a patient at Feathertouch Dental for nearly 20 years, and recently had a new crown installed by Dr. Neal Shah, who is fairly new to this dental practice. Dr. Shah's work and professionalism were excellent. Dr. Shah and his colleague Dr. Donald Ross, plus the entire staff of dental hygienists, technicians and administrative staff are top-notch professionals who truly care about their patients. I have recommended Dr. Shah and Dr. Ross to my friends and business associates, and I will continue to do so. I think you will be very happy if you become a patient at Feathertouch Dental! Regards, KJSmith
The more and more I watch the PGA professionals during the various weekend tournaments, the more and more these men and women amaze me. Whether they are on the teebox or green, the fairway, ruff, woods or bunkers, I am intrigued by their ability to stay calm, focused and relaxed. One example of how this is evident is by their ability to produce a fluid and rhythmic swing - which most always produces a magnificent shot. The kind of shot which all of us envy and dream to be our own.
How do they do that? Unbelievable! Look at that swing...beautiful. We think to ourselves or say out loud. There is so much time, practice, learning, developing, practicing, practicing and practicing that is involved for these pros - such commitment. There is also an ability to stay relaxed; to maintain a relaxed body and mind even under the most pressured filled circumstances and moments. They all share a tremendous ability to keep there body and mind relaxed. One of the results is a repeatable fluid and rhythmic swing.
For the rest of us golfers, maintaining a level of relaxation that will allow us to produce a superb swing comes and goes - and so does our superb shot. How can we as golfers maintain a more consistent level of relaxation in our body and mind? Is it even possible to stay relaxed for long periods of time on the golf course? The answer is YES. We as golfers can increase our ability to stay relaxed on the golf course, reducing the tension in our body and mind. If this allows us to save a few strokes here and there on the golf course, our confidence can only increase.
What follows is an exercise that can be practiced at home and brought to the golf course which will allow any golfer to increase their ability to reduce body tension - affording the golfer the opportunity to produce a more fluid and rhythmic swing. The exercise is called Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR).
The practice and development of PMR will increase one's awareness of tension in the body and allow the golfer to reduce that tension in a matter of minutes, seconds if practiced regularly.
Practicing at home: Get comfortable in a chair, find a quiet room, close both eyes and begin to breathe deeply. Extend both arms straight out and clench your fists...gradually increase the tension level until all the muscles in your fingers and hands are fully tight...then relax... let your arms drop naturally to your side. Become aware of the difference between feeling tense and relaxed. Take a deep breath and repeat.
Next, progressively repeat this procedure throughout your body. Your arms, shoulders, feet, legs, buttocks, back, stomach/chest, neck, face and forehead. This exercise will take approximately 10 minutes. Try to do the PMR exercise on a daily basis. Within 2-4 weeks you will have become proficient with PMR and your body and mind will have become more conditioned to the benefits of PMR.
Using PMR on the golf course: Some suggestions. Prior to a round of golf, use PMR to warm-up and relax the body and mind. Anytime you begin to become aware of body tension, use PMR briefly (10-20 seconds) especially before your swing or putt. Use PMR to reduce specific tension building up in certain muscle areas (neck, forearms, legs, etc.).
Joe offers mental game consulting for golfers of all levels and ages and does workshops for various groups, golf facilities and the PGA Ga. Section. He can be heard every Saturday morning, contributing mental game tips, on "The Golf Show" 7 - 10 a.m. on CNN 680 AM. He has developed educational materials, "Minding Your Golf GameTM" which have been successful in helping golfers develop an improved mental game. To talk with Joe or to order the educational materials call 770-993-9911, toll 800-897-8434 or email at [email protected].
If you are looking for an explosion proof lighting, Atlantiss Marines Systems offers a wide variety of Explosion Proof Lightings & Fixtures that would surely meet your demanding application requirements. Our wide array of AVC lighting fixtures can accommodate varying atmosphere from normal environment to explosive and hazardous places which are exposed to mists, gases, vapors or a mixture of combustible dust and air. We guarantee our industrial lighting fixtures with increased safety “e” characteristic while generating an excellent illumination. These ex-proof industrial light fixtures were designed to accommodate necessities for bright lighting, cost maintenance and compact devices. Our kind of general luminance is manufactured with reinforced polyester combined with fiber glass for its fixed thermosetting body and hinged to it is a thermoplastic diffuser with UV stabilized polycarbonate. It also has a closed cell EPDM moulded gasket which is compressed in between diffuser and fixed body that ensures IP grade protection. This lighting source is not equipped with protection guard because its glass was EN/IEC 60079-D Standard credited with its maximum resistance to varying amount of impact for high mechanical risk application. |
The crescent moon shaped Luna pendants in 18 K gold can be worn in a long or a short neck chain; choose for example our Stream chain. The earrings come with a beautiful and elegant, silky soft surface, which gives a classic look that fits all. Pair with other jewelry from this collection for a versatile and beautiful look or mix with jewelry across collections for a personal and stunning look.
At DumpsterZone, we strive to bring you the best service at the best price available. We have a wide selection of dumpster sizes in stock in Seward, IL, with flexible & timley pickup and delivery. Give us a call today for all your dumpster rental and roll off needs.
Understanding the fast requirement, several Dumpster for Rent in Seward, IL companies supply instant companies to the disaster zones based on the availability. The particular delivery will be done on very first come very first serve base. These kinds of firms attach societal responsibility to their objectives that's why cares a lot more for giving a quality need to the people upon need at the affordable expense rather than incorporating an extra dollar in their consideration.
Your home upon upgrading can gain a much better look greater resale worth. Once you decide upon home renovation there are various issues that appear right from home design to be able to trash eradication. This article focuses on highlighting the factors that are that need considering while getting a dumpster for a junk removal.
Dumpster leases offer firms, which call for waste convenience systems to suit their various needs, an answer to manage their wastes with no incurring fees involved in acquiring a waste convenience item built or acquiring the disposal merchandise altogether. It is usually easier for businesses to get waste disposal models suited for their requirements through a rental company than whenever they were to get a waste convenience unit themselves. Rental companies present different convenience units varieties suited to meet various disposal specifications. Storage on the disposal model is no longer an underlying reason for fret to firms, which call for dumpsters for short trips of time. Renting some sort of disposal pot means that your container must be returned after the renting duration therefore fixing the pot storage difficulty.
Schools likewise collect many old crap that may stop needed. Universities tend to store them inside their basement or any other storage area. Old couches, seating, desks, pcs and screens, etc. could possibly be overloading your storage space. Renting some sort of dumpster is the perfect means to fix get rid of all of the unwanted junk within a quick approach. When choosing some sort of Dumpster for Rent in Seward, IL company, learn the way long you can the dumpster on one charge. If you need to lengthen the time find out the cost beforehand.
A not recent tendency that continues to become more and even more popular right now is the partnering or bundling of get together services. Frequently one seller can supply a lot of the temporary rental companies needed for some sort of concert, marriage, party or some other special event to be a success. 1 industry where by this tendency is especially present is the dumpster marketplace. In the past Dumpster for Rent in Seward, IL firms offered companies related to waste management. Dumpster, and roll down rental companies often had sections that reprocessed and/or purchased scrap metal and some even supply residential junk collection service.
The companies take the garbage and recycle the item which makes you receive rid of the trash in a environmentally friendly way. They then provide packing containers according to the trash quantity. This sort of bins can easily be seen upon construction web-sites. They come in various shapes and sizes to carry garbage consequently. So according to your bash trash, you may select the appropriate bin that may carry various quantities of trash.
When you think about renting dumpsters you may also want to get one of those lightweight sanitation models for the team. Also, what if your bathroom as well as bathrooms are being renovated? These kinds of units are often used for special occasions where a place or home owner needs a more substantial capacity regarding restrooms for a short period. These are not ones average camping site type of lightweight restroom. Superstars and family and friends at special occasions use these forms of restrooms all the time.
You may personal condos with Maryland, The state of virginia, or Dc and you will want to find rapid next day dumpsters to rent. Irrespective of where in the world you live a dumpster can help you keep your challenge moving.
A professional junk eradication company typically will provide free of charge estimates. The value will be based around the amount of useless and type connected with materials to possibly be removed. In addition, applicable fees should be within the estimate, there are no shocks down the line.
Blended use dumpsters are not available in most states. Through the all types of design materials which often cannot be easily separated and so has to possibly be disposed of in its entirety. Recycling connected with waste materials is often a true talent these days. A lot more you can individual and reduce, reuse and reuse, the better off of everyone is. It also does save a little money. It may take a little more time, however it can also be easier once you know exactly where you're went with that lumber or glass or stainless-steel or metal or cement or copper, etc.
You only have to give you the lunch, evening meal and beverages for your family members and friends to help you with regarding your home. Depending on what supplies you need maybe you have already bought around for the greatest products as well as the best prices.
Occasionally as we browse around our home in addition to property we get the urge to complete a thorough tidy up. The urge normally happens when early spring is in the air, but it could happen anytime after we realize that the buildup of rarely used and used up odds and ends have just established to be too much.
But do remember that almost any weight exceeding beyond the flexible contract terms with the service provider can be you with paving a supplementary amount, so It is always more effective option to opt for a little much larger sized dumpster when compared with actually is essential. One more ingredient that should not be ignored is always having a check with the actual Dumpster for Rent in Seward service provider in regards to the debris that are permitted. It is best to check the permitted and neo permitted things because many countries pass by different regulations of supplying a different to some items like chemicals, gas, oils, and also other toxic or even flammable materials.
Roll off of dumpsters are measured by the number of cubic yards valuation on waste they will store inside the camera, normally accessible in 10,20,40 and Forty five yard versions. These kind of dumpsters is going to be restricted not just by the amount of physical debris they will hold, although by the bodyweight involved also. With specifically heavy components like real, containers must only be stuffed around midway, otherwise carrying them turns into problematic.
A few junk eradication companies offer labor, and therefore they'll not simply provide the dumpster and take the trash, although they'll likewise help you hold items out of the home to the truck or dumpster. Contemplate whether you may need this service in accordance with the scale from the cleanout and your family in addition to friends' ability to do that heavy lifting her. It will likely cost more, however it can get the project done easily. Note that if you are paying for labor, especially if you will be paying constant, you may not find a way to take the time to sift through every package and tote in search of expressive items.
Whenever you get trash that requires removing, first thing you should do is call up your helpful neighborhood Dumpster for Rent in Seward, IL firm. No matter what assembling your shed is, they can give you a position to dump your junk and then they can take it all apart at once. You shouldn't have to stall your cleanup to be able to not overwhelm your weekly trash pickup; renting the dumpster lets you grab the trash out when you want to! Whatever the challenge is, the dumpster fine tracks the effort and fosters a win-win circumstance for everyone involved and provides solutions for the questions of safety and cleanliness. A bathroom or kitchen residence remodeling work involves the will need to dispose of outdated or shattered appliances as well as fixtures for instance stoves, hot tubs, washbasins, and loos. It also includes the need to dispose of materials made out of wood for instance cabinets as well as flooring. Causing this dust on the side of the house or building can lead to a dangerous hazard and also the use of the dumpster allows you to dispose of everything in 1 clean sweep. There is no need to independent trash and hang up appliances out for city pickup, to break up the cabinets and hang up them directly into bags a number of each rubbish day or to drive your mess to your dump backyard. One Dumpster for Rent in Seward, IL will handle the entire work from start off to finish.
Like many others moreover, you may might find this task the one which you wouldn't like to do. Should you be one of these people then to build your lives less complicated there are some firms offering Dumpster for Rent in Seward, IL as well as garbage bin rental companies.
The biggest benefit from going with a expert Junk Removing and Dumpster Rental business is that you get to take a seat back relax having the job are going to be done right as well as professionally! The lies in certainly not falling for people fly through night staff that feature cheap prices on the phone. They may sound good exactly in danger, but the issues only start off when you conclude the call. They might not make an appearance, they may improve the price after they do come out. If you have ever shifted, this type of tactic will sound familiar to you. It could even deteriorate, they may stop insured. They are able to damage the one you have, or your neighbors' home. They could find injured as well as sue anyone. If almost everything goes great at your site, your concerns are not more than, when they go away. Then there is the issue of getting rid of your waste, are they carrying it out properly, is it adhering to your dumping bylaws close to you or is it illegally dropping your waste and junk. If the guy with his pickup can't be found YOU COULD BE Used LIABLE. How does one avoid the lure? Don't buy almost any smaller than you're heading to need, both. Trash Dumpster for Rent in Seward, IL companies are more than happy to give you a new dumpster after they come to get your outdated one, yet it's going to cost. Not to refer to the fact that there exists only thus small the dumpster's going to proceed. If you have a lot of trash for a pickup however, not enough for a 10 yard dumpster you are still going to wind up paying for complete rental on in which second dumpster. Chat to the customer services representative at your trash Dumpster for Rent in Seward, IL provider if you aren't certain what size you may need. They can help you produce the right choice initially. |
So . . . you’re walking south on Leavitt in Wicker Park, admiring lovely late nineteenth-century homes of sandstone, maybe thinking about the first- or second-generation Germans who found fortune in the fastest growing city in the world when you make a left onto Pierce, walk a dozen paces or so and come upon 2138 West Pierce, a home unlike anything you have ever seen before.
The firm of Fromann and Jebsen designed the house for Hans D. Runge, and it was finished in 1884. Emil Henry Fromann and Ernst Jebsen designed homes all over the city in a variety of styles (See “The Case of the Mysterious Wine Merchant” in the April 4, 2011 Connecting the Windy City blog). The firm’s claim to fame is the Humboldt Park Refectory, finished in 1895. If you’re up on Belmont and Southport, Schuba’s is another Fromann and Jebsen design, one of the 27 “tied-houses” that the firm designed for Edward Uihlein and the Schlitz Brewing Company.
Mr. Runge was the treasurer of a large wood milling firm, and his choice of architectural style featured over-the-top wood embellishment -- from the massive turned table leg supports of the veranda roof to the finely wrought Masonic symbolism beneath the eaves.
The house is a classic example of the Eastlake style of design, a name that comes from an Englishman, Charles Eastlake, whose 1872 Hints on Household Taste in Furniture, Upholstery and Other Details attracted a wide following.
Eastlake designs feature porch posts, railings and balustrades that appear massive. They were turned on a lathe, giving them the shape of heavy legged furniture popular during the latter part of the nineteenth century.
Large brackets are placed at every corner. Beneath the roof of the house on Pierce you see such brackets beneath the overhanging roof. Looking closely the bracket on the left contains the Masonic pyramidal symbol we are accustomed to seeing on the back of the one-dollar bill. On the right are the square and compass most commonly associated with Freemasonry.
In the late Victorian period the Eastlake style saw a much greater use of color. 2138 West doesn’t show this to a great extent, only in the rear supporting posts beneath the roof on the upstairs deck, a deck that features the row of spindles common to this architectural style. You can see these supports in the photo to the left.
But the real story of the house is the story of the second owner—Samuel F. Smulski, who served as a city alderman for two terms, State Treasurer and Chairman of the West Park Board. He practiced law in the firm of David, Smulski & McGaffey and was the President of the Pulaski Lumber Company. In 1906 Smulski founded the Northwestern Trust and Savings Bank and also served on the Board of Directors for eight other banks in the city.
As important as his endeavors in Chicago financial affairs were, his efforts on behalf of Poland won him international acclaim. He served as Chairman of the National Polish Committee during World War I, a committee of which the great Polish composer Ignacy Paderewski was also a member. This began a friendship that lasted the rest of Smulski’s lifetime.
After the war, as Poland struggled to survive as an independent state, Smulski helped to negotiate loans from the United State to stabilize Poland’s economy. During this crucial time Paderewski was Poland’s Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, so it’s easy to assume that the two men further strengthened their friendship during the trials of 1919.
There are two myths concerning Smulski and the house on Pierce, one of which I can disprove, the other of which must remain an interesting tale without verification.
The first story involves Smulski’s suicide, which occurred on March 18, 1928. There are two parts to the story as it is most commonly told. First, is that the banker took his life as a result of the stock market collapse. Clearly, this is false since that event took place nearly 20 months later.
The second part of the story has it that Smulski took his life inside the house on Pierce Street. But The Chicago Tribune on March 19, 1928 reported (beneath the front page banner headline “Smulski Ends Life”) that “. . . Mr. Smulski entered a bathroom on the sixteenth floor of the Seneca hotel and shot himself.”
In any event, the coroner concluded that Smulski, who had suffered through three operations in the previous year for sigmoiditis, had taken his life “in temporary insanity induced by despondency over ill health.” This contradicts the statement of Smulski’s doctor who had examined him the week before and found “He was in splendid condition . . . The sigmoiditis was a long and protracted affair, but he had practically recovered from it . . .” [Chicago Tribune, March 19, 1928]
The other myth surrounding the house on Pierce Street is that the Polish composer, piano virtuoso and patriot Ignacy Paderewski gave a concert on the veranda of the home. No account of such an event is given in the newspapers of the time.
Paderewski gave concerts at Chicago’s Symphony Hall in 1928 in the dead of winter. It’s unlikely he would have played piano on a front porch during that trip. He also played a concert at Symphony Hall on April 1, 1932. Again, not the warmest weather in the world . . . and his friend, John Smulski, would have been dead for over four years.
Still, there is nothing I’ve found to prove that he DIDN’T entertain a crowd on the Smulski porch, either. Certainly, his friendship with Mr. Smulski may very well have brought him to the Pierce Street home. And the fact that Smulski was married to Harriet Mikitynski, an accomplished operatic singer in her own right, might have us envision informal gatherings around the piano in the Smulski parlor.
In any event, when he died the President of the United States sent a letter of condolence to Mrs. Smulski and United States Vice-President Dawes said, “He was a man of irreproachable character and of a great public spirit. In all positions of public trust, of which he occupied many, his career was one of the strictest honesty and high usefulness.”
Rain in the morning...then a chance of rain in the afternoon. Highs in the upper 50s. Northwest winds around 10 mph in the morning becoming light and variable in the late morning and early afternoon...then becoming north around 10 mph late in the afternoon. Chance of precipitation 100 percent.
Cloudy. Showers likely in the evening...then a chance of showers after midnight. Lows in the upper 30s...except in the lower 40s downtown. West winds 10 to 15 mph. Chance of precipitation 60 percent.
Showers likely. Cold. Highs in the upper 40s. West winds 10 to 20 mph. Chance of precipitation 60 percent.
Day after rainy day . . . a soul could grow weary, were it not for the promise of spring brought by the landscapers at work in the city’s gardens.
In the above photo Gutzon Borglum’s statue of General Phillip Sheridan mounted on his favorite horse, Winchester, emerge from the clouds at the intersection of Belmont and Sheridan. (Connecting the Windy City Blog of May 6, 2010.)
A rare find is the home located at 1431 North Astor Street . . . an 8,900 square foot manse that has had just four owners in 117 years. Finished in 1894 and designed by the firm of Holabird & Roche, an undisclosed owner purchased the three-story Federal-style residence several years back and has given it a makeover, returning it to its former glory.
The home’s first owner was attorney George W. Meeker, who was born in the late 1850’s, the son of a coal and iron dealer. George W. was the older brother of Arthur Meeker, who grew up to become the general manager of Philip Armour’s meatpacking and feed grain empire and who in 1919 moved his family into the Charles Platt-designed mansion at 3030 North Lake Shore Drive (April 13, 2010 Connecting Chicago Blog).
The Meeker’s sold the Astor Street home in 1919 to Edward and Nora Ryerson. Edward was the grandsson of Joseph T. Ryerson, who arrived in Chicago in the early 1840’s from Pennsylvania and leased a shop by the Chicago River from which he sold iron products such as buggy springs, axles, nails and wrought iron spikes.
Ryerson was a huge beneficiary of railroad expansion and skyscraper construction at the end of the 19th and early part of the 20th centuries. The company was one of the first steel companies to produce stainless steel in large quantities in 1926 and in 1935 merged with Inland Steel, operating as a wholly owned subsidiary with plants in Detroit, Cleveland, Buffalo, Cincinnati, Boston, New York and Philadelphia. At the time of the merger the two companies had combined assets of close to $120 million dollars.
The Ryersons extended the house by adding 65 feet to the east. Burton and Elaine Gordon bought the home in 1965 and lived there for 40 years. Mr. Burton received an MBA from the University of Chicago in 1948 and between 1972 and 1996 acted as Chairman of the Board and C.E.O. of the Franklin Park Bank (1967-69), the Mid Town Bank and Trust Company (1972-77) and the Columbia National Bank of Chicago (1964-1996), which he founded.
The new owners have restored the home to its Federal-style roots. Freed from a skin of steel-grey paint, he details are striking – the texture created by the shades of color in the brick’s Flemish Bond, the Ionic columns that frame the front entrance and the white stone trim with decorative keystones that frame the windows. Especially impressive is the cornice with its combination of dentils, egg-and-dart ornamentation, and a lower band of balls that looks like a house-sized abacus wrapping around the circular façade.
On a street of beautiful and distinctively different homes, this beauty ranks right up there with the best of them.
I got this place on Bellevue in my head, and I have been trying for the past three days to make my peace with it. The story of the men and women who brought it to life are as important to me as the architecture is, and I have been trying to figure out who this Lot P. Smith was.
I didn’t get very far. The United States census of 1880 shows that he was born in Illinois in 1846, and that at the time was living in Harvard. His profession was listed as a “purchasing agent for railroad construction.”
Well, he must have done pretty darned well working on the railroad because by 1890 he had been voting in Chicago for seven years and had contracted with Burnham and Root to build a home right down next to the lake on Bellevue, the address listed as 27 Bellevue Place. Chicago changed its numbering system in the first decade of the last century, so the address is now 32 East Bellevue Place.
And it is magnificent – John Wellborn Root at the height of his powers . . . probably designed somewhere between the Rookery and the Monadnock.
I struck out on old Lot Smith. At the time Chicago had a host of publications profiling the personalities that brought the city to greatness. Smith isn’t mentioned in any of them.
BUT . . . I hit an unexpected turn and ended up with something that I never would have predicted when I began the process. That’s the fun of digging into the past.
It seems that Sidney Root, John’s father and a resident of Georgia, undertook a series of foreign travels when the Civil War began, seeking to convince foreign governments of the justness of the Confederate cause. In 1864 John sailed to England with his father on a blockade runner and ended up at a school in Claremont, just outside of Liverpool. Young John stayed there for three years, and he actually passed the exams that admitted him to Oxford. But in 1867 he returned home to attend New York University.
So . . . it does not seem far-fetched to speculate that a teen-aged John Root, who already had a predisposition toward art and music, saw and never forgot the brand new Oriel Chambers in Liverpool, which architect Peter Ellis designed and which is, at five stories, the first metal-framed building with a glass curtain wall in the world.
If you look closely at the way Ellis finished off his structure, one that was so widely ridiculed that he designed only one more building in Liverpool, and then look at Root’s work at 32 East Bellevue Place, especially at what the AIA Guide to Chicago calls the “decorative detail in the unusual dormer,” you see how much of an impression Ellis’s building left.
Nearly a quarter-century after first glimpsing the Oriel Chambers building, Root was still drawing upon it for inspiration. Finished in 1887, Lot P. Smith’s home is one of the few Root-designed residential buildings we have left and was probably one of the last of his career. He would die of pneumonia on January 15 of 1891, just 42-years-old.
On that cold night in January Nellie Mitchell, Root’s aunt, broke the news of the young architect’s death to his partner, Daniel Burnham, who had been staying at Root’s Astor Street home most of the week. “His snatches of soliloquy through that night of despair, before he emerged to new dreams, took the form of wrath,” Mitchell reported, “and he shook his fist and cursed the murderous fates as he paced back and forth between intervals of comfortless sleep on the living room couch.”
Burnham moaned, “I have worked. I have schemed and dreamed to make us the greatest architects in the world. I have made him see it and kept him at it – and now he dies – Damn! Damn! Damn!” [Hines, Thomas S. Burnham of Chicago. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974]
Who knows, given another 20 years of productive work, what glories John Wellborn Root would have built upon his already impressive achievements? Burnham, when he shook his fist at the heavens, must have felt as much the heavy tragedy of all those works that never would take form as much as he felt the loss of his friend and genius-partner.
Here’s a question for you . . . What Chicago elementary school has been in the same building since 1892, has piloted the Chicago Public School Healthy Eating Program, and in the last decade has been featured on CBS, PBS, NPR, 60 Minutes and in The New York Times?
It’s the Louis Nettelhorst School at 3252 North Broadway, a Chicago Public Schools Magnet Cluster School and one of the first C.P.S. community schools in Chicago. The school educates 525 students from a cross section of the city. Its population is about 18% African-American, 10% Hispanic, 55% White, with the remaining 10% mostly Asian.
The school is named after Louis Nettelhorst, who was the President of the Board of Education when the school was built. The first reference to Nettelhorst is found in The Chicago Tribune on September 19, 1889 when as a member of the Board of Education he offered an opinion as to whether or not the County Board should provide a grant for poor children so that they could be given the “clothing, hats, and shoes . . . necessary to enable them to attend school.”
“It is as much the duty of the county board to provide clothing for the children as it is to give relief – coal, flour, and so on – to the indigent . . . If it is not done by the county board it will have to be done by the people,” Nettelhorst said.
In July of 1890 Nettelhorst, the only German member of the Board of Education, was elected as its President. In a notoriously political body Nettelhorst held onto his position despite the fact that in 1891 he was one of only three Democrats on the Board.
Perhaps his single most important achievement as a member of the Board was his guidance of the committee that oversaw the addition of over a hundred schools when in 1889 Chicago annexed 125 square miles of outlying townships and added a population of nearly a quarter-million people.
Nettelhorst was born in Bremen, Germany on February 4, 1851 and came to Chicago in 1870. He acquired a position with the Bismarck Bund and Teutonia Insurance Company and went to New York as an agent, returning to permanent residency in Chicago in 1875.
In Chicago Nettelhorst found employment as a bookkeeper with Charles Emmerich & Co., one of the largest feather dealers in the country. Within a few years he was made a partner in the firm. [Chicago Tribune, March 15, 1893]
In his early years he was a member of the Republican Party but became a Democrat in 1886, the same year the Mayor Carter H. Harrison appointed him to the Board of Education, the only political office that Nettelhorst held although he ran unsuccessfully for City Treasurer in 1891 on Carter Harrison’s ticket.
Then, suddenly in 1893 he died. The Tribune speculated that “Mr. Nettelhorst’s death . . . was caused primarily by an unusually severe attack of the grip two years ago.”
His funeral services gave testimony to the fact that Nettelhorst was one of the most popular German-American citizens of Chicago. Thousands entered Turner Hall on the north side where Nettelhorst’s remains lay in state from noon until 2:00. Six men from the Turner society, dressed in dark blue uniforms and bearing swords wrapped in black crape, did sentinel duty at the catafalque and kept the throng moving,” The Tribune reported on March 18.
In the 2:00 service which followed John McClaren, the President of the Board of Education eulogized Nettelhorst, saying, “Honest himself to the core he always expected honesty from his associates. Any mean thing at once aroused his contempt. There was never any doubt as to where he stood on any question. Good common sense and practical ideas made him a wise counselor in educational matters, while his splendid business knowledge and habits were of the highest benefit in the management of the affairs of the board.” [Chicago Tribune, March 18, 1893]
In the huge procession from Turner Hall at Clark and Oak Streets to Graceland Cemetery, four Chicago mayors acted as honorary pall bearers -- John Roche, DeWitt Cregier, Hempstead Washburne, and Carter Harrison.
So there’s mortality for you . . . a guy who was so beloved that thousands paid their respects during his final trip to Graceland, a procession led by four Chicago mayors. Today, you have to dig pretty deep to find any reference to the fact that he ever existed.
But his name still lives on at the Nettelhorst School on Broadway, a school in which the educators are doing their best to live up to the ideals that Nettelhorst held dear. For more on the impressive efforts going on there, look up the school’s website here.
One of the more impressive aspects of the school is long tradition of embracing the arts. There are two W.P.A. murals inside the building, Rudolph Weisenborn’s Contemporary Chicago and Ethel Spears’s Horses from Children’s Literature.
Additionally, current faculty members and community members have decorated the school with works that proclaim the building as a center of joy rather than a torturous grind through rote learning and testing. Nettelhorst’s exterior is decorated in a lively display that brings the century-old structure alive, even on the gloomiest day.
The architect who designed the original Nettelhorst back in the 1890’s was John J. Flanders, who was the architect for the Board of Education at the time. Born on June 30, 1848, he was a second-generation Chicagoan whose father had come to the city in 1834. He began his career as an architect in 1866, working for three firms before starting his own practice in 1874.
Flanders designed the Maller’s Building on Quincy and LaSalle Streets, the first office building in the city to reach twelve stories. He began work for the Board of Education in 1884, but perhaps his best known design was for the Haymarket Theater of 1887, which was demolished in 1950 to make room for what is now the Kennedy Expressway.
The Haymarket started out as a legitimate theater, but over the years its playbill spiraled down the hierarchy of entertainment – to a vaudeville theater from 1896 to 1916, then to a burlesque house from that time until it became a movie house in 1932. Jazz Age Chicago has a great treatment of the theater here.
The name of Flanders, like Nettelhorst, has disappeared from view. For both men, though, the legacy lives on at the Nettlhorst School on Broadway where for a century boys and girls have started their long journeys toward adulthood. That’s a good enough legacy for me.
I ended the afternoon yesterday by the lake, watching thunderous waves produced by a full-fetch gale out of the north, getting soaked in the process.
Earlier in the day, for the first time in my four years as a docent for the Chicago Architecture Foundation I ended a tour by running the last three blocks. A great group of young men and women from Loyola Academy accompanied me on a tour of the city’s historic skyscrapers in some of the worst springtime weather I have seen.
As we left the Roosevelt University in the beautifully restored Auditorium Building on Michigan Avenue, The Hawk was howling out of the north at 30 miles an hour and the rain was a fin away from being hail. After 86 minutes of stoically facing the weather, Maggie, the brave little girl in the Gore-Tex shell, started to run for her life. And the group followed. Stout-hearted and gimpy-kneed, I paced the group, as it stopped only for the traffic light at VanBuren.
Interesting what a little research will do . . . for years now I’ve been telling tourists the popular myth (as it turns out) that Chicago’s nickname came from a piece that Charles Dana wrote in The New York Sun during Chicago’s lobbying effort to get the 1893 fair. It makes for a good story . . . Chicago boosters full of wind, yakety, yakety yakking, about the merits of their city.
As Barry Popik points out in his excellent article on the subject, the Dana story just ain’t so. Popik's research indicates that the term “Windy City” was used as early as 1856 to describe Green Bay, Wisconsin and as early as 1858 to describe Chicago.
My favorite reference in Popik’s comprehensive study is the 1879 entry from The Cincinnati Enquirer:
I stood along the lakefront between Fullerton and Belmont late yesterday afternoon with my back to the wind and waves and looked toward the tall buildings that make up this great, windy city, buildings standing grey and impassive against the roaring assault from the north. It was a moment, as the spray from yet another wave slamming against the breakwater drenched me, that made me appreciate the genius involved in designing the tall structures that have defined this city.
There are so many ways that the wind can affect a building. The most obvious is the sheer lateral force of the wind against the side of a building. For the past 36 hours we’ve listened to it as our 43-story condo building creaks and groans.
But even that obvious force is complicated. The wind is not a constant and continuous force, for one thing. Once it slams into a building it goes nuts. It oscillates, it tries to sneak around the corners, it goes up, it goes down. As a result, it assaults different sections of the building at different heights in different ways and at different speeds.
Imagine shaking up a bottle of champagne and then popping the cork at the corner of your refrigerator with the bubbly spraying in all directions, including right back in your face. The wind is a continuous series of popped champagne bottles, some unshaken, some shaken vigorously, some with a lowly pulled cork, others with the cork exploding.
Now that’s no problem for the half-completed 2520 Lincoln Park, which as yet has few windows and through which the wind can blow without much deflection. But button a building up with windows and you’ve got a massive spire of concrete and steel that the wind can’t blow through and so must blow against and around.
That produces problems for structural engineers. But it also poses problems for pedestrians. Just ask our elderly neighbor who broke her nose last year when she was blown over in the middle of Commonwealth, a short street that runs between the 43-story 2800 Lake Shore building and Mies van der Rohe’s 28-story twin towers to the west.
There’s that, too. A high density of tall buildings in a given area means that each building is impacted by the way the buildings around it handle the wind loads. Nearby buildings deflect, divert and re-direct the wind and do it differently from hour to hour.
So buildings have to be stiff enough to resist the variety of forces placed against them. But they also have to flex with the loads placed upon them.
That’s what Haemon was trying to get Creon to understand in Antigone: Seest thou beside the wintry torrent’s course, how the trees that yield to it save every twig, while the stiff-necked perish root and branch? And even thus he who keeps the sheet of the sail taut, and never alckens it, upsets his boat and finishes his voyage with keel uppermost.
As our neighbor discovered last year and as we groundlings saw yesterday, when the wind smacks into a building, it has to go somewhere and when it goes down the resultant wind shear can make it really difficult for folks on the ground. Yesterday morning on Michigan Avenue Maggie ran, I’m convinced, because she knew that if she didn’t, she would be blown backwards until perhaps a doorman at the Hilton saved her.
All of this is an oversimplification, I admit, the product of a liberal arts education and a little bit of knowledge. But yesterday afternoon, watching those massive waves slam against the brand new breakwater at Fullerton, it was enough to make me appreciate anew the men and women who designed and built this Windy City.
Well, this was a heck of a way to wake up yesterday morning, three weeks into what they told us would be spring. The temperature in the mid-30’s and the ground covered with snow.
Just a little over a week ago, I stood in shorts and a shirt-sleeve shirt in a parking lot at Miller Field in Milwaukee with the temperature in the 80’s.
Now here we are . . . a snowfall record for this date – even though only .6 of an inch fell out at O’Hare.
Where is the essential fairness of it all? St. Louis had temperatures in the 70’s yesterday. Washington, D. C. basked in 74° weather. The forsythia are all in bloom. The locusts are green. Tulips stand resolutely against the onslaught.
Not today. The forecast? Rain in the morning . . . then rain and isolated thunderstorms in the afternoon. Some thunderstorms may produce gusty winds and small hail in the afternoon. Blustery. Highs in the lower 40’s. Northeast winds 15 to 25 mph with gusts up to 35 mpy at times. Chance of percepitation 90 percent.
Temperatures in the 40’s for the next two days. Rain on Friday and Saturday. A good week for blowing out an umbrella.
Michael “Hinky Dink” Kenna, the Lord of the Levee, who never lost an election in 40 years as alderman from the first ward once said, “Chicago ain’t no sissy town.”
By the way, the photo looks toward the rapidly rising Lincoln Park 2520, a Lucien LaGrange-designed project that will include a 39-story tower, flanked by a 22-story north tower and a 16-story south tower as well as private gardens and three levels of underground parking.
The joint is so posh that a dog exercise area and paw wash will be part of the one-acre private gardens.
My lovely bride and I have favorite restaurants all over Chicago, but a spot to which we are particularly partial is Forno Diablo on Diversey, just west of Sheridan. It’s a mood-filled interior . . . you walk through black velvet curtains to enter a place where I have never had a bad meal. As you nurse a glass of Malbec and wait for dinner, there are several flat screen televisions above the bar that play old Charlie Chaplain movies.
And that’s appropriate because just up the street is The Brewster Apartments, the former Lincoln Park Palace, where Charlie Chaplain occupied the penthouse in 1915 and 1916 when he was filming movies at the Essanay Film Manufacturing Company over on 1333-45 Argyle.
The Bewster Apartments, now a condominium building, started its life as the Lincoln Park Palace when it was finished in 1896. It must have soared over this section of the city at the time; few buildings on the north side would have rivaled its height.
The Palace stood among the first generation of tall Chicago buildings – one year after the Marquette Building on Dearborn and contemporaneous with the Fisher Building at Dearborn and VanBuren. It was steel-framed and filled with light, the result of a skylight or rotunda across the roof of the building that streamed sunlight into the hollow core of the structure, a core in which bridges of glass blocks led residents to their apartments.
The Chicago Tribune on January 22, 1893 announced that “E. Hill Turnock is preparing plans for the Lincoln Park Palace apartment building for B. Edwards, proprietor of the American Contractor. The article went on to disclose that the structure would be 100 feet high, “ornamented with twelve larges bays.” Two entrances were planned, one on Diversey and “the ladies’ entrance,” facing Lake Michigan to the east on Park Street, what is now Pine Grove. Each of the building’s nine floors was planned for six apartments of six, seven or eight rooms.
The optimism faded quickly. On July 31, 1895 the developer, Bjourne Edwards, died when he stepped on a piece of loose scaffolding and fell from the roof of the partly finished structure. The next day The Trib reported, “The unfinished building rears its somber, majestic proportions above its surroundings, to be completed by some one else, but it is a monument to the struggles and trials and the pride of the man who conceived its plans.”
Edwards was a Norwegian immigrant who did manual labor until he had enough money to enter school. He spent several years in seminaries in Illinois and Iowa. Then he became a book agent. In 1886 he began The American Contractor. Seven years later he was rich enough to build one of the great apartment buildings on the north side of the city.
The neighbors in the “fashionable residence district” had been against the building from the beginning. They must have smugly nodded when Edwards hit the pavement. Trouble followed. The two great entrances were spanned by arches composed of a single piece of polished Jasper stone from Minnesota. But as the building settled, the arches broke into pieces.
Despite what the neighbors thought, the Lincoln Park Palace was luxurious, every inch of it deserving the “Palace” that was a part of its name. The Chicago Tribune of 1896 raved about the “richness, beauty, and everlasting qualities” of the rusticated pink Jasper granite from which it was built. Telephones connected each apartment with the building’s office. Electric and gas lights were used throughout the building.
And it was successful. In October of 1897, following its completion in 1896, the Palace, according to The Tirb had all but one or two of its 60 apartments rented.
For whatever reason, though, the Palace did not provide a fair return on the original investment, and in November of 1900 a minor investor, General Henry Strong, the President of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, was awarded the building as the winner of a suit he had brought against the widow of poor old Bjourne Edwards.
The structure was estimated to have cost about a quarter of a million dollars to build. Strong nabbed it for about $146,000 in the judicial sale. Mrs. Edwards “. . . purchased the residence adjoining the Lincoln Park Palace on the west and moved into it,” according to the November 25, 1900 Chicago Tribune article.
The architect of what is now The Brewster Apartments, Enoch Hill Turnock, was a fascinating guy in his own right. Born in the mid-1850’s in England, he moved to Elkhart, Indiana with his family in the early 1870’s. Ten years later he moved from Indiana to Chciago where he worked until 1890 in William LeBaron Jenney’s office, the same office that started the careers of Louis Sullivan, Daniel Burnham, William Holabird and Martin Roche.
Hill began his own practice in 1890, so the Lincoln Park Palace must have been one of his first commissions. In the index to the database of Chicago building permits from 1898 to 1912, he is listed as the sole architect of 37 buildings, dating from 1896 to 1907. [www.in.gov/history/ markers/497.htm]
Then in 1907 he left the big city and returned to Elkhart, Indiana, where he continued to design buildings in Elkhart, Goshen and Nappanee. In fact, five buildings that Hill designed in Elkhart and Nappanee are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The architect died in 1926 and is buried in the Lindenwood Cemetery in Fort Wayne.
His greatest commission in Chicago still stands at the corner of Diversey and Pine Grove. Affixed to the pink granite in the southeast corner is the plaque that designates the Brewster Apartments as a Chicago Landmark. It reads, “The principles of skeleton-frame construction that made possible tall commercial buildings were used her for an early highrise apartment building, originally known as the Lincoln Park Palace. Behind its heavy masonry walls is an exceptionally innovative interior, a light and airy construction of cast-iron stairs, elevator cages, and bridges, paved with glass blocks, and topped by a skylight.”
Turnock used the same design techniques that distinguished the first generation of great skyscrapers in the Loop on a building that took at least one life to build. It's worth a look, and while you're there stop in at Forno Diablo. You won't be sorry on either account.
Walk the length of Chicago’s stately Astor Street, and your jaw just drops, which is appropriate because staring down at you at the end of Astor is the likeness of Greene Vardiman Black, who is seated imperiously on the other side of North Avenue.
He was born on a farm near Winchester, Illinois on August 3, 1836 and had less than 20 months of formal schooling. At the age of 17 he was apprenticed to his brother, Dr. Thomas G. Black, who had a medical degree. In the space of six months he learned from Thomas and Dr. J. C. Speer all that there was to know about the primitive practice of dentistry.
After the Civil War, in which he served briefly as a Union scout, he settled in Jacksonville, Illinois, and it is there that he went about the business of making dentistry something more than the human equivalent of being re-shod at a blacksmith’s.
My father told the story of his mother, who was born in 1868, walking to the dentist when she was in her fifties and without any anesthetic having all of her upper teeth pulled in a single visit, then walking home again. I have no reason to believe he was making the story up. She lived in a small country village in upstate New York, and the most commonly used dental implement at the time was a pair of pliers.
G. V. Black changed all that. Most importantly, Black changed the focus of dentistry from repairing broken and decayed teeth to preventing the breakdown of teeth in the first place.
His research and careful study led to astounding strides in the science of dentistry. He invented a dental drill that was powered by a foot pedal; finally, cavities could be filled, rather than the tooth removed. He created a silver amalgam for fillings with just the right chemical balance. Instead of cashing in on the amalgam, he charged a fee for teaching manufacturers how to use the product and then left it up to them to market and sell it. [The New York Times, April 15, 2008]
He created over one hundred cutting instruments for the dentist’s office. His Operative Dentistry text was published in two volumes in 1908 with a third published in 1915, the year he died and is still a valued reference today. His classification of the various types of decay, “Black’s Classification of Caries Lesions,” is still used as well.
Most importantly, he put forth the use of nitrous oxide as a way to extract teeth without pain. For that alone, someone should be placing flowers on Black’s statue every single day.
His work led to well-deserved recognition. For 15 years he served as Professor of Oral Pathology at the Missouri Dental College. Moving to Chicago in the early 1890’s, he became a Professor of Pathology at the Chicago College of Dental Surgery, which later became the Loyola University School of Dentistry. He received a medical degree from the Chicago Medical School and in 1891 moved to the Northwestern University Dental School, where he became Dean in 1897.
The creator of the Black monument is Frederick C. Hibbard, who was born in 1881 in Missouri. Beginning his career as an electrical engineer, he traveled to Chicago and in 1901 began study at the Art Institute of Chicago under Lorado Taft, establishing a studio in Chicago in 1904. [www.battleofraymond.org] Hibbard is most noted for his series of sculptures related to the Civil War. However, if you walked north from the Black sculpture to the Lincoln Park Conservatory, his lovely Garden Girl will greet you at the pool just inside the front entrance.
September 29, 1906 – On a “rainy, chilly, and generally disagreeable” day [Chicago Daily Tribune, September 30, 1906] the South Shore Country Club opens its doors for the first time with 92 cases of champagne on hand to warm the 600 people in attendance. Everyone is on edge as there are intimations that Arthur Burrage Farwell and the Hyde Park Protective Association might try to storm the festivities in an effort to stop the serving of alcohol, but at 4:30 p.m. the club’s president, William Thorne, the president of Montgomery Ward and Company, opens the first bottle of champagne on the club’s wind-swept veranda and calls one of the 200 waiters on hand to serve his guests. “Here’s defiance to Farwell,” is the toast that follows. Mr. Farwell’s organization is dedicated to removing the perils of alcohol from the area. “Their arguments – the sanctity of the family, the selling of liquor to minors, the perceived threat to land values and suspicions of gambling and prostitution – were used to garner community support for closing of the taverns.” [Hyde Park Herald, February 20, 2014] The association didn’t stop the festivities on this evening. As the Tribune reported, “Outside the angry surf beat against the shore and the wind moaned above the strains of the orchestra, but in the dining room, where 600 were served, in the reception hall, and the spacious parlor, where the dark green furniture appeared in pleasing contrast against the white woodwork, the scene was of good cheer.”
September 27, 1910 – As 200,000 people look on, Walter L. Brookins circles his Wright biplane 2,500 feet above the city for a sustained flight of 20 minutes. Taking off from Grant Park, which was “black with humanity,” [Chicago Daily Tribune, September 28, 1910] the aviator thrills the crowd as he soars south to Twelfth Street, over the Loop to the Federal Building on Dearborn Street, and back over the lake. “Chicago looks for all the world like the picture on a postal card when you are 2,000 feet above it,” Brookins says at the end of the flight. “I could look down between my legs and see everything, but of course could recognize only a few of the buildings. I knew the federal building as soon as I saw it and I stopped my westward flight as I looked directly beneath me.” The next day Brookins would attempt a sustained trip from Chicago to Springfield in an attempt to outrun an Illinois Central passenger train starting simultaneously.
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I filled up of packs of Garlic, were £3, now £1.50, 4 packs = £6, using a £5 Wyevale voucher ('new' BDs formerly Wyevales are accepting them) gets it down to only £1 for 4 packs of Garlic - bargain, going back again (and again, etc.).
And they'll all be planted in containers filled with Jacks Magic, only £1.99 for a 60L bag after using a Wyevale voucher.
You can go off people rapidly @Scrungee . Don't have these stores anywhere remotely close as I would be buying up lots of Jack's Magic AND the garlic if it were feasible. Jess I would hardly bother to grow my own garlic if you could be able once a year to buy at that price.
I could buy 6 bulbs of garlic (3x 2 bulb packs) for only 10p if I added something costing only 60p (more chocs.) to them, rather than another £1.50 pack, 5p/bulb would be a bargain compared to supermarket prices, but BD might pick up on us constantly going through the tills, plus there's relatively better savings to be had, plus gardening is my major pastime
The 6Kg nets of Daffs are price tagged at £14.00, but scan at £10, then get reduced by 50% to £5.00, then less a £5 Wyevale voucher they work out free - my favourite price!
If you’ve never grown loose leaf lettuce before, I can’t recommend it enough. It takes no finesse or skill whatsoever, and you’ll save lots of money growing your own. Best of all, it’s tender and delicious.
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Home|Posts|Carp Catch Reports, Catch Reports, Dan Chart Articles, Featured Articles|New Venue, New Challenge by Dan Chart
On the day of the draw I actually did better than usual, coming out 17th out of 22 anglers present! However, I wasn’t really bothered as I just wanted to sample the opening night atmosphere. With a hog roast, BBQ and fantastic company May 31st 2013 was one of the best opening nights I’d ever attended.
My next session was the following week, which was a mid week overnighter. I fished a swim I knew very little about called ‘The Stumps’. Trying to find somewhere to present the bait was always going to be difficult with little knowledge of the swims topography. The lake is crystal clear and as such, the Canadian pond weed was already taking hold. Eventually, after some rather extensive feature finding I found a hole in the weed some fifty yards out and another closer-in silt spot. After recent success on the rig I decided to present a KD pop-up rig over 50 PGB’s Choc-Orange boilies onto each spot.
With my trusty mini BBQ lit, I sat back and enjoyed a more chilled out environment than the one from the weekend. As darkness set in, ripples started to make their way into my margins from my right and I could hear the odd carp lump out in that zone.
A bright beautiful June morning arrived which, unfortunately saw me hastily pack up for work with not so much as a bleep to my rods. I was just content with the knowledge that I’d gained about the swim and the rough area that I’d seen the fish show in. I couldn’t wait to return on the Friday, when once again, I had an overnighter available.
The M25 was its usual chaotic self, with the drive taking more than two hours longer than it should do. However, I was surprised to see only four cars in the car park when I eventually arrived. I’d already had my mind set on the swim further up from the Stump swim I was in a couple of days previous, but I had arrived too late for that as it was already occupied. All the corner swims were taken (which suited me fine), so I ended up in a swim known as ‘The Left Noddies’.
Although the swim has form for being extremely weedy, it did give me access to the area where the fish had been showing. With the lack of clear spots in front of me, I eventually settled for an area some 70 yards out that I knew was clear some years back, although it certainly was not now.
I presented two Specialized Hook Baits S2 cork balled hook baits on chod rigs made up from 6 foot long 25lb green Plummet leaders, 20lb Trip Wire hooklinks and size 5 Covert Chod hooks. A healthy scattering of Choc-Orange hook baits were spread over the zone. Within one hour the left hand rod pulled up tight, resulting in short lived fight before the hook pulled.
The rod was immediately cast back out into the area and I enjoyed a quiet evening watching the sun go down. Sensing that things felt good, I was still surprised to hear the right hand rod rattle off the moment I climbed into the sleeping bag.
This time a spirited fight in the darkness resulted in me slipping the net under a good looking fish which registered 38Ib 2oz on the scales. The Chod hook, doing an exemplary job as always, was firmly embedded in the bottom lip.
It was a fish known as ‘The Dark Mirror,’ probably No. 1 on my wanted list, so I felt very humble to have caught it. After the photos were taken, and the rod re-positioned to the area, I crashed out.
The next thing I knew was the same rod screaming on the rests again at 6am, this time the fish was determined to wipe me out in a snag bush to the left of me before I regained control. The fish gave up eventually and succumbed to the awaiting net.
Unsurprisingly, I was over the moon to my early campaign and can’t wait to get another chance at one of the lakes other gems in the not so distant future…
We started “Slow Cooker October” with a giant cut of beef (pot roast) and we are going to finish it off with a giant cut of pork. I LOVE this recipe! I originally made this mustard and sage pork shoulder when it first appeared in Bon Appétit magazine about 4½ years ago. You slather a… Continue reading Slow Cooker Pork Shoulder with Mustard and Sage
I’m back! Slaying the slow cooker once again. If you read Tuesday’s confessional post you know the slow cooker and I had a bit of a falling out. But now, we are friends again. Today I have a super easy take on a French classic, Ratatouille. The first time I ever made it was because… Continue reading Slow Cooker Ratatouille
My first two slow cooker recipes were a huge success! I created the pot roast and lasagna recipes myself. They both worked on the first try and… I got cocky. After that I made 4 different recipes that were all terrible. And they actually got worse and worse. Huh? 1. A breakfast casserole that was… Continue reading Tuesday Trials: A Slow Cooker Confessional
Here we go, recipe #2 of Slow Cooker October! I love lasagna and I will admit I make a really, really good one. But lasagna takes a looooong time to make. It isn’t hard, there are just so many components. Not today my friends, I have really tried to simplify everything for you (but don’t… Continue reading Slow Cooker Lasagna
I recently met Sarah Schumacher through a mutual friend. She is the mother of two beautiful boys and works full time. On top of her “day job” she has this awesome blog, Sarah Out and About. It is FULL of great information: travel, style, entertaining, food and drink, and more. It is helpful for everyone… Continue reading Slow Cooker Pot Roast: A New Theme Month Has Begun!
Tu Garupá - Benjamín Vicuña responsabilizó a la China Suárez por postergar su casamiento: "Tiene fiaca" |
It's January 7th and I feel like I'm just getting back to this whole blogging thing. Yes I've had a few posts this year, but I've definitely been off my groove. So let's see how this goes, mmmkay?
This year I'll be exploring shapes in many of my posts, focusing on one shape each month. January is circle month, and after I had brainstormed a bunch of ideas using circles, I suddenly realized that what I really needed to make were some yoyos.
I got excited about these little hand-stitched circles while looking at Christmas ideas back in December, and when they came to me again, I got REALLY excited. Like, drop everything and start cutting and stitching excited. Like English paper-pieced hexagons, this little guys are addicting. Probably because they're small and easy and super cute. And yes, I enjoy playing with and arranging them over and over.
Clover (and I'm sure other companies) have yoyo makers in various sizes and shapes, but I've never used them. My grandma loved gadgets like these, so I may even have one around here in her sewing things, but since I excel at losing helpful gadgets, I used the old-fashioned method. And in case you've never made a fabric yoyo before, I'm going to show you how. Then, as the month goes on, we'll make a few projects with our old-fashioned, handmade yoyos!
Start by cutting out some fabric circles. Sometimes it's important to start with a particular size, but I'm not worried about that here. My large circles are 4 inches across and the small circles are 3 inches. When they are made into yoyos the large one is about 1-3/4 inches, and the small one is about 1-1/4 inches.
The general rule is to take whatever you want your final size to be, double that and add 1/2 inch. That's what size circle to start with.
Thread a needle with some strong thread (I use hand quilting thread), tie a large knot at the end, grab a circle, and get ready to stitch. You'll be working your way around, folding the edge to the wrong side of the fabric, and stitching with running stitches.
If you take short running stitches you'll have lots of gathers in the center, and if you take longer stitches there will be less gathers. I prefer longer stitches with less gathers, but try it both ways to see which you like. You may even want to change it up for different projects.
Load up a few stitches on the needle to speed up the process, then pull the thread through and repeat all around the circle.
But as you're working, it's more likely to look like this. A bit scrunched and inside out. At least, that's what mine always looks like!
Flip the stitched circle right side out, then take one last stitch through where your started knot was, and back again to the wrong side of the circle. I find that this helps keep the gathers even, especially if that knot tries to slip through the fabric.
Wrap the thread around the needle a few times to make a large knot, then gently pull the knot tight. You want to pull the knot as close to the fabric as possible. When you've got it tied, push the needle out through the side or bottom and trim the thread to hide the end.
They're such delightful little circles, and right now I can't get enough. I plan on making a few decorations with them, plus a silly little toy that made my sister think I'm crazy. Start making your yoyos now and watch for those projects coming soon!
I haven't made yo-yos in a while but I love them! I do mine the old fashioned way too (also have those gadgets somewhere in this house. couldn't begin to guess where). can't wait to see the projects you come up with!
I have never made these but might have a go at making a few with some scraps of fabric. I'm thinking they would look nice as embellishments on a top or bag maybe…hhmmmm...
How delightful !! I think I will make a twin throw for my granddaughter who is going away to college this year. Hmmm ..so many ideas !!!
I love making yoyos! it's always a fun surprise to see how a print looks when it's all gathered up. I've got a Craft Gossip post scheduled for this afternoon that links to your tutorial:
My mom used to make yo-yos all the time, but she would affix them to things like sweatshirts & what not (oh, the 90s). I need to try making some of these. Thanks for the gadget-less tutorial!
I like to have evenly spaced pleats but I find that the yoyo maker gives me too few and too deep pleats so I use an adhesive vinyl template to cut and stitch my yoyos. I show how I do this at
I make yo-yos all the time. I use an old cd as my pattern. I keep it in the bag with my other supplies. I've made pillows, garlands, ornaments, jewelry, coasters, etc. with my yo-yos. They are so fun to make!
Aww love yo-yos. I think they were the first thing I made from a tutorial on a blog. Such a classic craft.
Hello Millie.Thanks for excellent yoyo how to do it tutorial. I have been agonizing for 7 years (yes 7!) how to finish a quilt. Putting yoyos on a vine on the border just hit me as the right way to do it. I am glad you gave just detailed instructions. Ma in Rancho Mirage California. |
Compiled by Moses, covering the period from the beginning of creation up to the death of JoSeph, which we calculate as happening around 1847-BCE. However, JoSeph is also identified with ImHotep, who served as chancellor to the Third-Dynasty king Djoser, which some date to 2600-BCE, because the record that is written on the Egyptian ‘Famine Stela‘ speaks of a seven-year famine on Egypt and of ImHotep doing the same things that the Bible attributes to JoSeph. But note that the dating for the life of ImHotep appears to be several hundred years earlier than our Bible chronology would suggest for the life of JoSeph. This aberration is likely the result of a historical mis-attribution by those who engraved the stele sometime around the Second Century BCE, priests of the pagan god Khnum, in order to raise the prestige of their gods by attributing the well-known miracles of the time of JoSeph to a more acceptable and famed Egyptian person, ImHotep.
1 In the beginning, The God created the sky and the land. 2 However, the land was unsightly and unfinished, darkness covered its depths, and God’s Breath moved over its waters.
Then The God brought a division between the light and the darkness. 5 He called the light day and the darkness night. So came the evening and the morning of the first day.
And that’s what happened. 7 For God ordered a space to divide the waters that were under the space from the waters that were over the space. 8 God then called that space the sky, and He saw that this was beautiful. So came the evening and the morning of the second day.
And that’s what happened. 10 God called the dry land earth and the collected waters the seas, and God saw that this was beautiful.
‘Let the land sprout with pastures of grasses that bear seeds [each] of its own kind and appearance. And let there be fruit trees that bear fruit with its seeds, [each] of its own kind.’
And that’s what happened. 12 The ground sprouted with pastures of grasses that [each] bore seeds of its own kind and appearance, and the fruit trees bore fruit with their seeds, [each] of its own kind, upon the land. And God saw that this was beautiful. 13 So came the evening and the morning of the third day.
‘Let there be lights in the heavenly space to illuminate the ground to make the division between day and night, and to serve as signs for the seasons, days, and years. 15 Let them serve as sources of light in the skies to shine upon the ground.’
And that’s what happened. 16 God made the two huge lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light and stars to rule the night. 17 And God assigned them space in the sky to shine upon the earth, 18 to dominate the days and nights, and to make the divisions between light and darkness. And God saw that it was beautiful. 19 So came the evening and the morning of the fourth day.
‘Let the waters give birth to living, slithering animals, as well as to winged creatures that will fly above the earth in the space of the skies.’
21 Then The God created the great sea creatures and all the living, slithering animals that live in the water, according to their types, and all the feathered flying creatures, according to their types; and God saw that it was beautiful. 22 So God blest them, saying:
‘Reproduce and multiply in the water until you fill the seas, and let the winged creatures multiply on the earth.’
‘Let the land give birth to living animals, each of its own kind… four-footed animals, slithering animals, and wild animals of the ground, each of its own kind.’
And that’s what happened. 25 For Then The God made the wild animals of the ground (each of its own kind), the herding animals (each of its own kind) and all the earth’s slithering animals (each of its own kind). And God saw that they were beautiful.
‘Let us make men in our image and like us, so that they will rule the creatures in the seas, the winged creatures of the skies, the herding animals of the ground, and all the slithering animals that crawl on the ground.’
27 So then, God created mankind (gr. anthropon). He created mankind in the image of the Gods as a male and a female. 28 Then The God blest them, saying:
‘Reproduce and multiply… fill the earth and control it. Rule over the sea creatures, the winged creatures of the skies, all the herding animals of the ground, all the slithering animals that crawl on the ground, and the whole earth.’
‘Look, I’ve given you all the seed-bearing plants upon the entire earth to plant, as well as all the seed-bearing trees to plant as your food. 30 And [I’ve given] greenish-yellow plants as food for all the earth’s wild animals, all the winged creatures of the skies, and all the slithering animals that crawl on the ground and have the breath of life.’
31 Then The God viewed everything that He had made, and {Look!} it was very beautiful. So came the evening and the morning of the sixth day.
1 So with that, the skies and the lands were complete, as was all the arranging of them. 2 For after The God finished the work that He did on the sixth day; He then rested from all the works that He had done on the seventh day. 3 Then God blest the seventh day and He declared it to be holy, for by then He had finished all the work that He had started to do.
4 This was the scroll of the origins of the skies and the lands, and of when they came to be in the day that The God spoke the sky and the land, 5 as well as when all the greenish-yellow plants for it began [to grow] on the ground, and all the grasses of the fields started growing from it.
However, because Jehovah God had not yet provided rain on the earth and there were no men to cultivate it, 6 springs poured from the ground and watered the entire surface of the land.
7 Then The God formed the man from the dust of the ground, breathed the breath of life against his face, and He became a living creature.
8 Thereafter, God planted a Paradise east of Edem, where He put the man whom he had formed. 9 And it was there that God caused every tree that was attractive to look at and worthy as food to spring from the ground. [He also] put the Tree of Life in the middle of the Paradise, as well as the tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil.
10 There was also a river that flowed out of Edem to water the Paradise… for from there [came the] head [waters] of four [rivers].
11 The name of the [first river] is Phison. It flows around the land of Evilat, where there is gold, 12 and the gold from that land is good. There is also coal and ornamental stone there.
14 The third river is the Tigris. It flows over toward the Assyrians. And the fourth river is the EuPhrates.
15 Then Jehovah God took the man that He had formed and put him in the Paradise of Delights so that He could cultivate it and take care of it. 16 And Jehovah God gave these instructions to Adam:
‘You may to eat from all the trees of Paradise, 17 but you must not eat from the tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. For on whatever day you eat from it, your life will end and you will die.’
19 Well, after God had made all the wild animals of the plains and all the winged creatures of the skies (from the [dirt]), He brought them to Adam to see what he would call them. And whatever Adam called each living animal was what its name became.
20 So Adam named all the cattle, all the winged creatures of the skies, and all the wild animals of the plains. Yet, a suitable helper that was like Adam couldn’t be found.
21 God then put Adam into a trance, and while he was sleeping, He took one of his ribs and filled the place where it was with flesh. 22 Then The God built the rib that He took from Adam into a woman and brought her to Adam. 23 And Adam said:
‘This is now bone from my bones and flesh from my flesh. She will be called woman, because she was taken from man. 24 And because of this, a man will leave his father and mother and bond with his woman, and the two will become one flesh.’
2 Then the snake (which was the wiliest of the animals that Jehovah had made on the earth) asked the woman:
‘We can eat the fruit from the trees of Paradise, but God said that we shouldn’t eat the fruit from the tree in the middle of Paradise – that we shouldn’t even touch it – or we will die.’
‘You won’t stop living and die, 5 for God knows that on whatever day you eat from it your eyes will be opened wide and you will be like the gods knowing good and evil.’
6 Well, the woman saw that the tree was worthy as food, it was a pleasant sight to her eyes, and it was a beautiful thing to think about. So, after picking its fruit, she ate it. Then she gave some to her man (who was with her), and they ate it [together]. 7 And thereafter, the eyes of both of them were opened wide and they realized that they were naked. So they sewed fig leaves together and made skirts to go around themselves.
8 Well thereafter, when they heard the voice of Jehovah God as He walked around in Paradise at dusk, Adam and his woman hid from the face of Jehovah God among the trees in the Paradise.
‘I heard Your voice as You were walking through Paradise, but I was afraid because of my nakedness, so I hid myself.’
‘If you haven’t eaten from the only tree about which I commanded you not to eat; then, who told you that you were naked?’
‘It was this woman whom You gave to me as a companion… she gave me some [fruit] from the tree, and I ate it.’
‘Because you did this; among all the cattle and wild animals of the earth, you [alone] are doomed to be punished. Therefore, you will now travel on your chest and belly and you will have to eat from the ground all the days of your life. 15 I’m also going to create hatred between you and the woman, and between your seed and her seed. He will then watch for your head and you will watch for his heel.’
‘I will now make your sorrow and moaning [much] worse; for when you give birth to children, you will do so and groan. You will also have to submit to your man and he will dominate you.’
‘Because you listened to your woman’s voice and ate from the tree from which I commanded you not to eat (and from which you went ahead and ate); all the work that you will do on the ground will be cursed, and you will groan as you eat from it all the days of your life. 18 Briars and thistles will grow for you, and your food will be the grasses in the fields. 19 You will eat your bread through the sweat on your face until you return to the ground from which you were taken… yes, you were taken from the ground and that’s where you will return!’
20 Well, thereafter, Adam called his woman’s name Life, because she was to be the mother of all [human] life.
21 Then Jehovah God made leather clothing for Adam and his woman, and He dressed them in it. 22 And after that, The God said:
Therefore, to keep him from reaching out to pick and eat from the Tree of Life so as to gain age-long life, 23 Jehovah God then put Adam outside of the Paradise of Delights, where he thereafter had to work the ground from which he was taken. 24 He drove Adam out and made him live next to the Paradise of Delights. Then He stationed the [heavenly] cherubs with their flaming, spinning swords to guard the way to the Tree of Life.
1 Well thereafter, Adam had [sexual relations] with Eue, his woman, so she became pregnant and gave birth to Cain. And she said:
3 Then after many days, Cain brought some of the fruit of the ground as an offering to Jehovah, 4 while Abel brought the first-born of his sheep and his belongings.
Well, God looked favorably upon Abel and his gifts, 5 but He paid no attention to Cain and his sacrifices, which made Cain very sad, and his face [reflected] this. 6 So Jehovah God asked Cain:
‘Why are you so sad and why is your face so long? 7 For, even if you didn’t bring righteously, you didn’t sin by sharing. Overlook this, because [Abel] will submit to you and you will [rule] over him!’
‘What have you done? I hear the blood of your brother calling out to Me from the ground! 11 Therefore, you will now be cursed by the ground, which has opened her mouth wide to [drink] the blood of your brother from your hand. 12 So from here on, whenever you work the ground, it will [no longer] give you its strength, and you will groan and tremble on the earth.’
‘My crime is too great to be forgiven. 14 So, if you [drive me] away from Your face and the face of this land today, I will have to hide, groaning and trembling on the land… for anyone who finds me will kill me!’
Then Jehovah God put a mark on Cain so that nobody that found him would kill him. 16 And thereafter, Cain left the presence of God and lived in Nod, which also borders Edem.
17 There, Cain [had sex] with his woman and she became pregnant, giving birth to Enoch. [Then Cain] built a city, which he named after his son, Enoch.
18 Enoch fathered GaiDad; GaiDad fathered MalaleEl; MalaleEl fathered MethuSelah; and MethuSelah fathered Lamech. 19 Then Lamech took two women; the first was Ada and the second was SelLa. 20 Ada gave birth to JoBel, who was the ancestor of those who lived in tents and herded cattle. 21 He had a brother named JuBal, who invented the lute and the harp. 22 SelLa also gave birth to ThoBel, who worked iron and brass. And he had a sister named NoEma.
‘Listen to me, [my] women and remember; I have killed a man who wounded me… a young man who whipped me. 24 So, if the vengeance [for killing] Cain was seven punishments; mine will be seven times that.’
25 Well, Adam [again had sex with] his woman Eue and she became pregnant, giving birth to a son whom she named Seth. For she said:
1 This was the scroll of the early [days] of mankind, when God fathered Adam, forming him in [His] image. 2 He created the male and the female and He blest them. And in the day that He created him, He named him Adam (heb. HaAdama).
3 Adam was two hundred and thirty years old when he fathered a son who was just like him and looked like him, that he named Seth. 4 Then after fathering Seth, Adam lived on for seven hundred years, as he fathered other sons and daughters. 5 So, Adam was nine hundred and thirty years old when he died.
6 Now, Seth was two hundred and five years old when he fathered Enos. 7 And after fathering Enos, he lived on for seven hundred and seven more years, as he fathered other sons and daughters. 8 So, Seth was nine hundred and twelve years old when he died.
9 Enos was a hundred and ninety years old when he fathered Kainan. 10 Then after fathering Kainan, he lived on for another seven hundred and fifteen years, as he fathered other sons and daughters. 11 So, Enos was nine hundred and five years old when he died.
12 Kainan was a hundred and seventy years old when he fathered MaleLeal. 13 Then after fathering MaleLeal, he lived on for some seven hundred and forty years, as he fathered other sons and daughters. 14 So, Kainan was nine hundred and ten years old when he died.
15 MaleLeal was a hundred and sixty five years old when he fathered Jared. 16 And after fathering Jared, he lived on for seven hundred and thirty years, as he fathered other sons and daughters. 17 So, MaleLeal was eight hundred and ninety-five years old when he died.
18 Jared was a hundred and sixty-two years old when he fathered Enoch. 19 Then after fathering Enoch, he lived on for another eight hundred years, as he fathered other sons and daughters. 20 So, Jared was nine hundred and sixty-two years old when he died.
21 Enoch was a hundred and sixty-five years old when he fathered MethuSelah. 22 And it was after he fathered MethuSelah that God found Enoch to be righteous, So, after he lived on for two hundred more years (and after he had fathered other sons and daughters)… 23 when he was three hundred and sixty-five years old, 24 and because he had pleased God, God transported him and he disappeared.
25 Well, MethuSelah was a hundred and eighty-seven years old when he fathered Lamech. 26 Then after fathering Lamech, he lived on for another seven hundred and eighty-two years, as he fathered other sons and daughters. 27 So, MethuSelah was nine hundred and sixty-nine years old when he died.
28 Lamech was a hundred and eighty-eight years old when he fathered a son 29 whom he named Noah. And he said:
‘He will stop us from doing all the things that we are doing… and from working with our hands and from [living on] the ground that Jehovah has cursed.’
30 Then, after he fathered Noah, [Lamech] lived on for some five hundred and sixty-five years, as he fathered other sons and daughters. 31 So, Lamech was seven hundred and fifty-three years old when he died.
32 Well, it was after Noah was five hundred years old that he fathered three sons; Shem, Ham, and JaPheth.
1 Now, as the population of men grew on the earth and they fathered daughters, 2 the sons of The God noticed that the daughters of men were beautiful; so they took all whom they chose as their women.
‘There’s no way that My Breath will stay with these men. They’re [just] flesh, so their [lives] will last just one hundred and twenty [more] years.’
4 Well, there were giants on the earth back in those days; for after that, the sons of The God continued to [had sex] with the daughters of mankind and fathered [children] for themselves who became the giants and the famous men of that age.
5 Well, Jehovah God saw that the badness of the people on the earth was getting much worse… for the things that they conceived in their hearts every day was all twisted toward evil. 6 So, God became disturbed (gr. enethumethe) that He had created humans on the earth… He shook His head (gr. dienoethe) 7 and declared:
‘I will wipe the humans that I made off the face of the earth… yes, the people, the cattle, and the winged creatures of the skies, for I’m sorry that I made them.’
Noah was a righteous man… perfect [when compared to] that generation, for Noah pleased God well. 10 Then he fathered three sons; Shem, Ham, and JaPheth.
11 As God saw it, the land had become unclean and the earth was filled with unrighteousness. 12 So when Jehovah God looked at the earth, all He saw was corruption, because all flesh had become corrupt in its ways.
‘A season is now before me [that will lead to the end of] all mankind, because the earth is filled with their unrighteousness. Look! I’m going to lay waste to them and to the whole earth! 14 So, [you must] make a chest of squared timbers for yourself and [divide the] chest into stalls, then cover both the inside and outside of it with tar.
15 ‘This is how you should build the chest: [Make it] five hundred feet long, eighty feet wide, and fifty feet tall. 16 You must also make a roof that is about twenty-inches thick, and put a door in the side of the chest… make a bottom floor, a second floor, and a third floor. 17 [For after it’s completed], {Look!} I’m going to bring a downpour of water upon the ground to destroy all flesh under the skies that has the breath of life… so, all that is on the ground will then come to an end. 18 And after that, I will establish an agreement between you and Me.’
19 ‘So, [I want you to] bring all [types of] cattle, slithering creatures, and wild animals – all [types of] flesh – into the chest by pairs of males and females. Then, bring in enough food for them and for yourselves. 20 For, they will all be eating there with you… all the winged creatures, all types of cattle, and all varieties of slithering animals that crawl on the ground (both the males and the females). 21 Yes, you must gather all types of food for yourselves so that you will each have something to eat.’
1 Then Jehovah God said to Noah: ‘Now you and your family must enter the chest, because I have found [just] you to be righteous among this generation. 2 Take seven pairs (males and females) of [all the ] clean cattle in with you, and take in [single] pairs (males and females) of [all the] unclean animals.
3 ‘[Do the same with all] the winged creatures of the sky… bring in seven pairs (males and females) of the clean ones, and [just] pairs of all the unclean winged creatures, so that their seed will remain on the earth. 4 For in just seven days I will bring rain to the ground [that will last for] forty days and forty nights, and I will blot every creature that I’ve made off of the face of the entire earth!’
6 Noah was six hundred years old when the Downpour of waters started on the earth. 7 Then Noah, his woman, his sons, and their women went into the chest with him (because of the downpour of water). 8 And the clean winged creatures, the unclean winged creatures, the clean cattle, the unclean cattle, and all the wild animals as well as all the things that crawled on the ground 9 came to Noah and entered the chest in pairs of males and females, just as God had commanded Noah. 10 Then after seven days, the waters of the Downpour started falling on the earth.
11 It was in the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, on the twenty-seventh day of the second month, that all the springs under the ground broke open, and the floodgates of the skies were opened. 12 Then it rained on the earth for forty days and forty nights. 13 It started on the very day that Noah, his woman, as well as Shem, Ham, JaPheth (the sons of Noah and his woman) and their three women went into the chest with him.
14 Also, all the wild animals (each of its kind), all the cattle (each of its kind), all the slithering animals that move on the earth (each of its kind), 15 and all the winged creatures (each of its kind) went inside the chest to Noah in pairs of males and females… everything that had the breath of life. 16 Males and females of all flesh went inside, just as God had commanded Noah; then Jehovah God closed the chest from the outside.
17 Thereafter, the Downpour continued on the earth for forty days and forty nights, and the water got so deep that it lifted the chest high above the ground. 18 The water dominated and totally covered the land, and the chest was carried along on top of the water. 19 For the water dominated and covered even the tallest mountains under the whole sky… 20 it covered the highest mountains by at least twenty-five feet.
21 So, everything that moved on the earth died… all the men, winged creatures, cattle, wild animals, and all the animals that slithered across the ground. 22 Everything that lived on the ground and had the breath of life, died. 23 God blotted out all His creatures on the face of the earth… the men, the animals, the winged creatures, and the slithering animals. He blotted them all from the earth. The only ones that remained were Noah and those who were with him in the chest.
1 But God didn’t forget Noah or any of the wild animals, cattle, winged creatures, or crawling, slithering animals that were inside the chest. So God sent a wind to the earth that stopped the water… 2 for the springs that were under the ground closed and the floodgates of the skies and the rain from the skies were held back.
3 Then the water level started to drop, flowing off the ground. And after a hundred and fifty days, the water lowered, and the chest came to rest on Mount Ararat on the twenty-seventh day of the seventh month.
4 Well, the water levels kept dropping through the tenth month, 5 and on the first day of the tenth month, they could see the mountaintops.
6 Then after forty days, Noah opened the window that he had made in the chest, and he sent out a crow, which left and didn’t return until the water had abated. 7 So it left and it did not return until the water had dried off the ground.
8 Then after that, he sent out a dove to see if the earth was still flooded. 9 But the dove couldn’t find a place to rest its feet, because the water was still covering all the ground, and it returned to the chest. So [Noah] stuck out his hand to take [the dove], and brought it to himself inside the chest.
10 Well, a week later, he sent the dove out from the chest once again. 11 And that evening, the dove returned to him with a stem and leaf from an olive tree in its beak. That’s when Noah knew [for sure] that the water had left the ground. 12 However, he continued to wait another week before he released the dove once more. And this time, it didn’t return at all.
13 So by the six hundred and first year of Noah’s life, on the first day of the first month, the water had poured off the ground.
Then Noah opened the roof that he had made for the chest, and he could finally see that the water had drained from the ground… 14 and by the twenty-second day of the second month, the ground was dry.
16 ‘Come out of the chest… you, your woman, your sons, their women who are with you, 17 and all the wild animals that are with you. Bring out all the flesh that is with you – the winged creatures, the cattle, and the slithering animals that move on the ground – [so that they can] reproduce and multiply on the earth.’
18 So Noah, his woman, his sons, and his son’s women who were with him, came out. 19 And all the wild animals, all the cattle, all the winged creatures, and all the slithering animals that crawl on the ground (according to their kinds) came out of the chest.
20 Then Noah built an altar to Jehovah, and he took some of the clean animals, as well as some from among all the clean winged creatures, and offered them whole… burning them on the altar.
‘I will never curse the ground again for the bad things that men do, because the imagination of men is totally bent toward doing bad things from the time they are young. Also, will I ever again [destroy] all living flesh as I have just done. 22 Then, during all the days of the earth, the seed time and harvesting, the heat and the cold, the spring and the summer, and the days and nights will never be brought to an end.’
‘Now, reproduce and multiply… fill the earth and rule over it. 2 For all the wild animals of the earth, all the winged creatures in the skies, and everything that moves on the ground (including all the creatures in the seas) will have a dread and fear of you. For I have put you in charge over all of them.
3 ‘Also, all the living and slithering animals can serve as meat for you… I have given them all to you as though they were green vegetation. 4 But you must not eat their flesh with its blood of life, 5 or I will require your blood at the hand of all those wild animals. I will also require a man’s life at the hands of his brothers… 6 for, whoever spills the blood of mankind will also have his blood spilled, since I made mankind in the image of God. 7 Now, reproduce and multiply… fill the earth and rule over it!’
9 ‘Look; I am making an agreement between you and Me, [as well as] with your seed [that will come] after you 10 and with every living thing (the winged creatures, the [domesticated] animals, and all the wild animals of the earth)… with all that are with you and came out of the chest. 11 This is My promise to you and to all flesh: I will never again send a downpour of water to kill all flesh, and never again will I send a downpour to destroy the whole earth.’
‘This is the sign of the Agreement that I have established between you and Me through ages of generations, as well as with every living creature that is with you: 13 I have put My bow in the clouds, which will serve as the sign of the Agreement between the earth and Me, 14 so that whenever I gather clouds over the earth, My bow will be seen in those clouds, 15 and this will remind Me of My agreement between you and Me, and with every living creature and all flesh, that never again will I send a downpour of water that will blot out all flesh. 16 My bow will be there in the clouds, and when I see it, I will remember the age-long agreement between Me and the earth, as well as with every living creature among all the flesh that is on the earth.’
‘Yes, this is the sign of the Agreement that I made with all flesh that is on the earth and Myself.’
18 Now, the sons of Noah (who came out of the chest) were [named] Shem, Ham, and JaPheth (Ham was the father of CanaAn). 19 And it was from these three sons of Noah that all men came to be scattered over the whole earth.
20 Thereafter, Noah took up farming and he planted some grapes. 21 [Then, one day], Noah was drinking some wine while he was naked in his house, and he got drunk. 22 But then, Ham (CanaAn’s father) saw his father’s nakedness, and he went outside and told his brothers about it. 23 So, Shem and JaPheth grabbed a robe, put it over their backs, and walked backward to cover their father’s naked body. And because they were looking away, they didn’t see their father’s nakedness.
24 Well, after Noah recovered from the wine, he realized what his son had done to him. 25 So he said:
‘May Jehovah, Shem's God, bless him… but let CanaAn be his houseboy. 27 Also, may God make room for JaPheth and allow him to live in the tents of Shem… and may CanaAn then become his.’
28 Well, after the Downpour, Noah lived on for another three hundred and fifty years. 29 So he lived for nine hundred and fifty years, and then he died.
1 Now, these are the generations of the sons of Noah: Shem, Ham, and JaPheth. And these are the sons that were born to them after the Downpour:
2 JaPheth’s sons were Gamer, Magog [the Scythians], Madoi [the Medes], Jovan, EliSa, Thobel [of Tubal], Mosoch [possibly Moscow of Russia], and Thiras [Islands of the Aegean Sea].
3 Gamer’s sons were AshKenaz [Germans and Slavs], Riphath [of Northwestern Asia Minor], and Thorgama [the Armenians].
4 Jovan’s sons were EliShah [of Tyre], TarShish [of Spain], Cetian [of Cypress], and Rhodes [of Rhodes]… 5 [they settled the] islands, which lands were divided by tribe and nation among the ethnics, each according to his own language.
6 Ham’s sons were Kush [blacks], Mesrain [Egyptian tribes], Phud [Libyans], and CanaAn [Palestinians].
7 The sons of Kush were Saba [other blacks of southern Africa], Evilat, Sabatha, Rhegma, and Sabathaca [East Africans].
8 Kush fathered Nimrod, who became a giant on the earth. 9 He was a gigantic hunter before Jehovah God, and that’s why people speak of Nimrod as ‘the gigantic hunter before Jehovah.’ 10 His kingdom started with Babylon and ran to Orech, Archad, and ChalanNe, which were all in the land of Shinar. 11 Then outside of that land, [he went to] Assyria and built Nineveh, the cities of RehobOth, Chalach, 12 and Dase (between Nineveh, and Chalach), which is the great city.
13 Mesrain fathered the Lydim [Lydians], the MaphTuhim [people of Memphis, Egypt], the AnaMim [Libyans], the Lehabim [people of Lower Egypt], 14 the Pathrusim [people of Upper Egypt], the Casluhim [Cretans] (from whom the Philistines descended), and the GaphThoriim [also from the area of Crete].
15 CanaAn’s first-born son was Sidon. Then there were the Hittites, 16 the Jebusites, the Amorites, the Girgashites, 17 the Hevites, the Arukites, the Sinites [Chinese?], the Asenites, 18 the Aradians, the Samarians [Northern Lebanon], and the Hamathites. But the CanaAnites were scattered, 19 so their territory ran from Sidon to Gerar (near Gaza), to Sodom and GomorRah, to Adama and to Seboim, as far as Dasa.
21 Shem, who was the elder brother of JaPheth and the ancestor of all the sons of Heber, also had children born to him. 22 His sons were Elam, Assur, Arphaxad, Lud, Aram, and Kainan.
24 Arphaxad fathered [a son whom he named] Kainan, who fathered Sala, who fathered [a son he named] Heber. 25 This Heber had two sons. He named the first Phaled (Division), because the land became divided in his day, and his brother’s name was JekTan.
26 JekTan fathered ElModad, Saleth, SarMoth, Jarach, 27 OdorRha, AiBel, Decla, 28 Eval, AbiMaEl, Saba, 29 Uphir, Evila, and Jobab. These were all the sons of JekTan. 30 Their territory ran from MasSe all the way to Saphera, which is a mountain in the east.
31 These were the sons of Shem by tribe, language, country, and nation, 32 and these were the tribes of the sons of Noah by generations and nations. From them came the people of all the islands and nations that were scattered around the earth after the Downpour.
1 [At the time], the whole earth shared the same lips, because they all spoke the same language. 2 And as they migrated from the east, they found a flat area of land in Shinar, and started living there. 3 Then one man said to his neighbor:
‘Come on; let’s build ourselves a city with a tower that reaches into the sky. And let’s create a name for ourselves, before we end up being scattered all over the face of the earth.’
5 Then Jehovah came down to see this city and its tower that the sons of men had built. 6 And Jehovah said:
‘Look; they’re all the same race and they share the same lips… and now they’ve started doing this. [Before long], they’ll be able to accomplish anything they set out to do. 7 Let’s go down there and change their language so that no one will be able to understand the voice of his neighbor.’
8 So, Jehovah scattered them from there over the entire face of the earth, and they stopped building the city and its tower. 9 That is why [the city] is named Confusion (Babylon), because, that’s where Jehovah confused all the languages of the earth and scattered them from there over all the face of the earth.
Shem was a hundred years old when he became father to Arphaxad in the second year after the Downpour. 11 And after Shem became father to Arphaxad, he lived three hundred and thirty five more years (fathering other sons and daughters), and then he died. 12 Arphaxad was a hundred and thirty-five years old when became father to Kainan. 13 And after Arphaxad became the father to Kainan, he lived three hundred and thirty years more (as he fathered other sons and daughters), and then he died. Kainan was a hundred and thirty years old when he became father to Sala. And after he became father to Sala, he lived three hundred and thirty years (as he fathered other sons and daughters), and then he died.
14 Sala was a hundred and thirty years old when he became father to Heber. 15 And after he became father to Heber, he lived three hundred and thirty years more (as he fathered other sons and daughters), and then he died. 16 Heber was a hundred and thirty-four years old when he became father to Phaleg. 17 And after he became father to Phaleg, he lived two hundred and seventy years (as he fathered other sons and daughters), and then he died. 18 Phaleg was a hundred and thirty years old when he became father to Ragau. 19 After he became father to Ragau, he lived two hundred and nine years (as he fathered other sons and daughters), and then he died. 20 Ragau was a hundred and thirty-two years old when he became father to Seruch. 21 After he became father to Seruch, he lived two hundred and seven years (as he fathered other sons and daughters), and then he died.
22 Seruch was a hundred and thirty years old when he became father to NaHor. 23 And after he became father to NaHor, he lived two hundred years (as he fathered other sons and daughters), and then he died. 24 NaHor was seventy-nine years old when he became father to Terah. 25 And after he became father to Terah, he lived a hundred and twenty-nine years (as he fathered other sons and daughters), and then he died. 26 After Terah was seventy years old, he became father to Abram, NaHor, and Haran.
Terah became father to Abram, NaHor, and Haran; and Haran became father to Lot. 28 Haran died in the presence of Terah his father in the land where he was born, the country of the Chaldeans.
29 Both Abram and NaHor then took women for themselves. Abram’s woman was named Sara, and NaHor’s woman was named Malcha. She was the daughter of Haran (the father of Malcha and Jescha). 30 However, Sara was sterile, so she didn’t have any children.
31 Then Terah took his son Abram, Abram’s woman Sara (his daughter-in-law), and his grandson Lot (the son of Haran), and led them from the land of the Chaldeans toward the land of CanaAn. However, when they got to Haran, they started living there. 32 And thereafter, Terah continued living in the land of Haran for the next two hundred and five years, and [that is where] he died.
‘Leave this land, as well as your family and your father’s home, and go to a land that I will to show you, 2because I’m going to make a great nation of you. I will bless you, make your name famous, and you will become a blessing [to others]. 3 I will bless those who praise you and curse those who curse you… all the tribes will be blest because of you.’
Abram was seventy-five years old when he left Haran, 5 taking along his woman Sara, his nephew Lot, all the many things that they owned, and all the souls that they had accumulated in Haran, as they traveled to the land of CanaAn. 6 Abram traveled down through the land to a place called Shechem, where there was a tall tree. And at the time, the CanaAnites were living in the land.
8 Then he moved on from there to a mountain that was east of BethEl, and he pitched his tent near BethEl, close to the sea, east of AgGai. There he built an altar to Jehovah and started calling on the Name of the Lord. 9 Thereafter, Abram left that place and camped in the desert.
10 Well, there came a famine in the land, so Abram went down to Egypt to stay, because the famine had devastated the land. 11 And as Abram was about to enter Egypt, he said to his woman Sara:
‘You’re a beautiful woman, 12 [and I’m afraid] that when the Egyptians see you they’ll say, [Look at] his woman, and they’ll kill me… but they will allow you to live. 13 So, tell people that you’re my sister. That way, things will go well for me because of you, and my life will be safe because of you.’
14 And that’s what happened; when Abram entered Egypt and the Egyptians saw how beautiful his woman was, 15 one of Pharaoh’s princes praised her to Pharaoh (likely Pepi II) and brought her into Pharaoh’s [Palace]. 16 And because of her, Pharaoh treated Abram very well. So he accumulated [many] sheep, calves, burros, male and female servants, mules, and camels.
17 However, God cursed Pharaoh and his house with some very serious and difficult problems because of Sara (Abram’s woman). 18 So Pharaoh called Abram and asked:
‘What have you done to me? You didn’t tell me that she’s your woman. 19 Why did you tell us that she’s your sister? Look, I’ve already taken her as mine! Now, there’s your woman standing before you… she’s yours, so take her and leave quickly!’
20 Then Pharaoh gave his men instructions about Abram, telling them to accompany him and his woman on their way, along with all the things that they owned.
1 So thereafter, Abram left Egypt and traveled into the desert along with his woman and with Lot, taking along everything that he owned 2 (for by then, Abram had become very rich in cattle, silver, and gold). 3 So he returned to the place where he had come from (in the desert near BethEl, between BethEl and AgGai, where he had pitched his tent previously), 4 and to the place where he had earlier built the altar and 5 called on the Name of the Lord.
6 At the time, Lot (who had left [Egypt] along with Abram) had also accumulated many sheep, oxen, and tents; 7 so the land just wasn’t large enough for both of them to live together, because of their many possessions. 8 And since there wasn’t enough land to share, there were problems between the herdsmen of Abram’s cattle, the herdsmen of Lot’s cattle, and with the CanaAnites and Pherezites who lived in that land. So Abram said to Lot:
‘There shouldn’t be problems between you and me, or between my herdsmen and your herdsmen, because we are brothers. 9 Look; the whole land lies before you, so leave me and choose your own way. If you go to the left, I’ll go to the right; or if you go to the right, I’ll go to the left.’
10 So Lot surveyed all the country around the JorDan and noticed that it had plenty of water (this was before God overthrew Sodom and GomorRah). It looked like the Paradise of Jehovah and like the land of Egypt up to Zogora. 11 So Lot chose all the country around the JorDan for himself and he traveled to the east, as the brothers parted ways.
Now, as Abram took up living in the land of CanaAn, 12 Lot [chose] to live in a city among neighbors; so he moved to Sodom. 13 However, the men of Sodom were evil and they were sinning before God.
‘Look around at this place where you’re standing… look to the north, to the south, to the east, and to the sea. 15 I will give all this land that you see before you, to you and your seed through the ages. 16 And I will make your seed like the dust of the ground. Why, if anyone is able to count all the dust of the earth, he should be able to count your seed. 17 So, get up and walk across the land… across its length and its breadth. I’m giving it all to you and to your seed through the ages!’
18 Well after that, Abram packed up his tent and started living by the big tree at MamRe in HebRon, and he built an altar there to Jehovah.
1 It was during the reign of AmarPhal (the king of Shinar) and AriOch (the king of ElLasar), that ChodolLogomor 2 (the king of Elam) and Thargal (the king of the Gentiles) went to war with BalLa (the king of Sodom), BarSa (the king of GomorRah), Sennaar (the king of Adama), SymoBor (the king of Seboim), and Balac (or Segor). 3 So they all agreed to meet together at the Salt Valley (which is now the Dead Sea). 4 For they had served as vassals to ChodolLogomor for some twelve years, but in the thirteenth year they revolted.
5 So in the fourteenth year, ChodolLogomor and his allies attacked them, cutting the giants in AshtarOth CarNain, to pieces, along with the strong nations that were their allies (the OmMeans in the city of Saue and 6 the ChorRheans in the mountains of Seir) all the way to the turpentine trees of Pharan (in the desert). 7 And on their return, they stopped at the Well of Judgment (Cades), where they cut to pieces all the princes of Amalecites and the Amorites who were living in AsaSon/Thamar.
8 And then the kings of Sodom, GomorRah, Adama, Seboim, and Balac (or Segor) went out and set up battle lines against these other kings in the Salt Valley 9 – against ChodolLogomor (king of Elam), Thargal (king of the Gentiles), AmarPhal (king of Shinar), and AriOch (the king of ElLasar) – the four against five.
10 Now, there were slime pits in the Salt Valley, and the kings of Sodom and GomorRah fell into them as they were fleeing (as the rest were retreating into the mountains). 11 So [the invaders] took all the horses and food in Sodom and GomorRah and they left, 12 carrying away Abram’s nephew Lot (who lived in Sodom), along with all of his possessions.
13 Then one of those who had been rescued went and told Abram (the Hebrew) [what had happened]. At the time, he was living by the large tree [that belonged to] MamRe. ([MamRe] was an Amorite, the brother of Eschol and Aunan (who were Abram’s allies). 14 And when Abram heard that his nephew Lot had been captured, he gathered three hundred and eighteen of his personal home-born servants, and pursued them all the way to Dan.
15 Then when he and his servants caught up with them that night, he attacked them and pursued them all the way to Choba, which is to the left of Damascus. 16 So he recovered all the horses of Sodom, his nephew Lot and all of possessions and women, as well as the rest of the people.
17 Then after [Abram] returned from the slaughter of ChodolLogomor and the kings that were with him; the king of Sodom traveled to the valley of Saby (in the plain of the king) to meet with him. 18 And there, MelchiZedek (the king of Salem) brought him some loaves [of bread] and some wine.
‘May Abram of the Most High God who made the heavens and the earth, be blest. 20 And may the Most High God who delivered your enemies into your hands be praised.’
‘I swear by Jehovah, the Most High God who made the heavens and the earth, 23 that I won’t take anything from you – not so much as a piece of string or a shoe lace – so you won’t be able to say, I’m the one who made Abram wealthy. 24 [I will take] nothing other than what the young men have eaten and the share that belongs to the men who went with me… Eschol, Aunan, and MamRe… they will each take a portion.’
‘O Almighty Jehovah; What can You give me, since I’m about to die without a son? EliEzer of Damascus, the home-born son of my [slave girl] Masek of Damascus, is my heir.’
‘I’m so very sad, because You haven’t given me a seed, and the home-born [of my slave girl] will be my heir.’
‘I’m the God who brought you out of the land of the Chaldeans to give you this land as an inheritance.’
‘Collect for Me a three-year-old heifer, a three-year-old nanny goat, a three-year-old billy goat, a dove, and a pigeon.’
10 So Abram brought all three of [the animals] to Him, cut them each into halves, and set [the halves] opposite each other… but he didn’t cut the winged creatures into halves.
11 Well, birds then started landing on the bodies (the cut-up parts), as Abram sat there next to them.
12 Then about sunset, Abram fell into a trance and {Look!} he had an ominous premonition. 13 For Abram was told:
‘You must know this for a fact; Your seed will have to live as aliens in a foreign land where they’ll be slaves who are treated badly and humbled for four hundred years. 14 Then I will judge the nation that they are to serve; and following that, [your seed] will return here with many possessions. 15 However, you will go to your fathers well fed and in peace at a ripe old age. 16 Then the fourth generation will return here; because even to this point, the sins of the Amorites haven’t yet reached their climax.’
17 Well, as the sun was setting, {look!} there was a flame that looked like a smoking furnace and like lamp fires that moved between the divided pieces [of the animals]. 18 This was the day that Jehovah made a Sacred Agreement with Abram. He said:
‘I will give this land – from the [Nile] River of Egypt to the great EuPhrates River – to your seed, 19 along with the Kainites, the Kenezites, the KedMoneans, the Hittites, the Pherezites, the Raphaim, 20 the Amorites, the CanaAnites, the Hevites, the Gergesites, and the Jebusites.’
1 Well, Sara (Abram’s woman) hadn’t given him any children. However, she had an Egyptian handmaid whose name was Hagar. 2 And so, Sara said to Abram:
‘Look; Jehovah has kept me from getting pregnant; so, [sleep with] my maid that I might have my children through her.’
Well, Abram accepted this offer from Sara, 3 so Sara (Abram’s woman) took Hagar her Egyptian handmaid (this was after Abram had lived in the land of CanaAn for ten years) and gave her to her man Abram as his woman. 4 Then [Abram] went in to [bed with] Hagar, and she became pregnant.
However, after she realized that she was going to have a child, she started being disrespectful to her mistress. 5 So Sara said to Abram:
‘I’ve really been hurt by you, for I gave you my handmaid [to sleep with], and when I saw that she was pregnant, she started treating me disrespectfully. So, may Jehovah judge between you and me!’
7 Then a messenger from Jehovah found [Hagar] by a spring of water in the desert (the spring on the way to Sur). 8 And Jehovah’s messenger said to her:
‘Look; You are pregnant with a child. You will give birth to a son, and you should name him IshMaEl (‘God has Noticed’), because Jehovah has noticed how you’ve been humiliated. 12 He will be a wild man, for his fists [will be lifted] against everyone, and everyone [will lift] their fists against him. However, he will live in the midst of all his brothers.
‘You are the God who watches over me,’ and she added, ‘because I openly saw the One who appeared to me.’
14 [So from that point on], she called that well, ‘The Well of The One Whom I Openly Saw.’ Look; it [still can be found] between Cades and Barad!
15 So, Hagar bore a son to Abram; and Abram named the son that Hagar bore to him, IshMaEl. 16 Abram was eighty-six years old when Hagar bore IshMaEl.
‘I am your God; so be pleasing before Me and don’t do anything for which you can be blamed, 2 and I will establish a Sacred Agreement between you and Me, and I will prosper you greatly!’
3 Well at that, Abram fell with his face [to the ground]. Then The God spoke to him [again], saying:
4 ‘Look; I am making My Sacred Agreement with you… since you will become the father of many nations, your name will no longer be called Abram, but AbraHam; 5 for I’ve made you the father of many nations. 6 I will make you grow tremendously, I will make nations come from you, and kings will descend from you.
7 ‘I will also extend my Sacred Agreement between you and Me to the seed that comes from you through its generations. It is a Sacred Agreement through the ages that [I] will be your God and the God of the seed that comes from you. 8 Also, I will give the land where you are [now] living as an alien to you and to your seed. This includes the entire land of CanaAn… it will become yours through the ages, and I will be their God.’
‘You must absolutely keep my Sacred Agreement… both you and your seed that descends from you through all their generations.
10 ‘This is the Sacred Agreement between you and your seed and Me through all its generations: All of your males must be circumcised… 11 the foreskin of their flesh must be circumcised, for this will be the sign of the Sacred Agreement between you and Me. 12 All of your male children must be circumcised by you when they are eight-days old, throughout all your generations. [This includes all your] home-born servants and those who are bought with money (the sons of aliens who are not your seed).
13 ‘Those who are born in your house and those who are bought with money must surely be circumcised. So, My Sacred Agreement will be in their flesh as [a sign of the] Sacred Agreement through the ages. 14 As for the uncircumcised males who aren’t circumcised in the flesh of their foreskin on the eighth day; such individuals must be totally destroyed from among their families for breaking My Sacred Agreement!’
‘Your woman Sara will no longer be called Sara… SarAh will be her name. 16 For I will bless her and give you a son from her, whom I will also bless… nations and kings of nations will come from him!’
‘Will a hundred-year-old [man] father a child? And will SarAh (who is ninety years old) give birth to it?’
‘Look; Your woman SarAh will give birth to your son, and you should name him IsaAc (Laughter). I will make my Sacred Agreement [with you] firm through him… it will be an age-long Sacred Agreement that I will be his God and [the God] of his seed that descends from him.
20 ‘As for IshMaEl; {Look!} I have heard you and I have blest him. I will make him grow and multiply tremendously, so he will become the father of twelve nations that I will make a great people. 21 However, My Sacred Agreement will be established with IsaAc, whom SarAh will bear to you at this time next year.’
23 Well thereafter, AbraHam took his son IshMaEl, all of his home-born servants, all of those whom he had bought with money… all the males in AbraHam’s house, and circumcised their foreskins on that very day, just as God had told him.
24 AbraHam was ninety-nine years old when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin, 25 and his son IshMaEl was thirteen years old when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin.
26 Both AbraHam and his son IshMaEl were circumcised that very day, 27 along with all the men of his house… those who were born there and the foreigners who were bought with money.
1 God [next] appeared to [AbraHam] around noon, as he was sitting at the entrance to his tent by the big tree at MamRe. 2 For when he looked up, he saw three men standing in front of him. And when he noticed them, he ran from the entrance of his tent to meet them, bowing all the way to the ground. 3 Then he said:
‘Lords; If I have indeed found favor in your sight, don’t pass your servant by. 4 [I’ll have] water brought and [my servants] will wash your feet. You just rest here under this tree. 5 I will also bring some bread for you to eat, and then you can continue your journey… allow your servant to offer you some refreshment.’
7 Then AbraHam ran to the pens, where he took a young calf (a nice, tender one) and gave it to his servant, who quickly prepared it. 8 Next, he got some butter, some milk, and the calf that he had prepared, and set it all out before them… and they ate as he stood near them under the tree.
‘I will return this way and come to see you during this season [next year], and your woman SarAh will have a son.’
Well, SarAh overheard this as she stood behind him at the entrance of the tent. 11 And because AbraHam and SarAh were old, and SarAh was [well beyond the age of child bearing], she laughed inside herself, saying, 12 ‘This hasn’t happened to me [in the past]… and now my lord is [too] old!’
‘Why is SarAh laughing inside herself and asking, Will I give birth? I’m already old. 14 Is there anything that is impossible for Jehovah? I will return to you [next year] in this season, and SarAh will have a son!’
16 Then the men got up and headed toward Sodom and GomorRah, and AbraHam traveled along with them to assist in their journey.
‘Shall I hide the things that I’m about to do from my servant AbraHam? 18 For AbraHam will become a great and highly populated nation through whom all the nations of the earth will be blest, 19 because I know that he will order his sons and the house that is to come from him to keep the ways of Jehovah… to be righteous and just, so that Jehovah can bring all the things to AbraHam that He has promised.’
‘The cries that I’m hearing about Sodom and GomorRah keep growing, and their sins are very bad. 21 So I’m going down to see if they are as bad as the cries that I’m hearing have said. And if not, at least I will know [for sure].’
‘Are you going to destroy the righteous along with the wicked, treating the righteous as though they were wicked? 24 If there are fifty righteous [people] in the city, will you destroy them? Wouldn’t you spare the whole place if there were fifty righteous [people] there? 25 You would never do such a thing as to destroy the righteous along with the wicked and treat the righteous as though they were wicked… no way! Won’t you, the judge of the whole earth, do what is right?’
‘If there are fifty righteous [people] in the city of Sodom, I will spare the whole city and the whole place for their sakes.’
‘My Lord; Here I am speaking to you, and all I am is dirt and ashes. 28 However, what if there weren’t fifty righteous [people] and there were only forty-five. Would you destroy the whole city because of the lack of five?’
And he went on, ‘Lord, please don’t hold it against me if I continue to speak; but, what if there are thirty?’
‘Lord; Would you hold it against me if I were to say just one more thing? What if you were to find just ten [righteous people]?’
1 Well that evening, the two messengers [of God] finally arrived at Sodom, where they found Lot sitting by the [city] gate. And when Lot saw them, he got up [and went] to meet them, bowing low with his face to the ground. He said:
2 ‘Look here, my lords; come to the house of your servant and rest from your journey. [Then you can] wash your feet and get up early in the morning to continue on your way.’
3 But [Lot] kept insisting, so they went with him to his house. Then he baked fermentation-free bread and made a feast for them, which they ate.
4 [Well, that evening], before they went to bed, the men of the city of Sodom gathered around the house… all of them, from the young to the old, 5 and they shouted for Lot, saying:
‘Where are the men that came to your home this evening? Send them out to us, so we can [have sex] with them!’
‘Absolutely not, my brothers! Don’t do this wicked thing! 8 I have two daughters who have never [had sex] with a man. I will bring them out to you and you can do whatever you want with them. However, don’t harm these men! It was to avoid such a thing that [I brought them] under the shelter of my roof!’
‘Get out of the way! You came here to live among us, and have you now become our judge? We’re going to do more harm to you than we’ll do to them!’
10 So they started pushing Lot and were ready to break down his door. But the [messengers] reached out and grabbed Lot, dragged him back inside the house, and shut the door. 11 Then they struck the men who were at the door of the house with blindness, both the great and the small… until they finally got tired of trying to find the door.
‘If you have any sons, daughters, sons in law, or any friends in the city, you must take them away from this place, 13 because we’re going to destroy it! A great cry has been raised against [this city] to Jehovah, and [He] has sent us to destroy it.’
‘Get up! Take your woman and your two daughters and go, so you won’t be destroyed with the sins of this city!’
16 However, they were unsure. So the messengers grabbed the hands of Lot, his woman, and his two daughters… and that’s how Jehovah saved them.
‘Now, do whatever you must to save your own lives. You must not turn around and look back at the things that are behind you… and don’t stay anywhere in the countryside around here. Run to the mountains, so you won’t be [destroyed along] with the rest!’
‘I beg you, Lord; Your servant has been shown such mercy and you have shown such righteousness in the things that you’ve done for me to save my life. 19 However, I won’t be able to make it to the mountains, because the [destruction] will likely catch up with me and kill me. 20 Look, there’s a town nearby… a small one that I can escape to and be spared. Isn’t this just a small thing? If you [allow] this, you will save my life!’
‘Look; I will respect your wishes in this matter and I won’t destroy the town that you’re talking about. 22 But hurry and get out of here, because I won’t be able to do anything until you get there.’
23 Well, the sun was already up by the time that Lot arrived in Segor, and that’s when 24 Jehovah poured fire and sulfur from the sky upon Sodom and GomorRah. 25 destroying those cities, all the countryside around them, and everyone who lived in the cities… including even the plants that grew on the ground. 26 However, [Lot’s] woman had tuned and looked back, and she then became an upright block of salt.
27 Well, that morning (as AbraHam arose early to go to the place where he had stood before the Lord); 28 when he looked toward Sodom, GomorRah, and the surrounding countryside, he saw what looked like the flames and smoke of a furnace arising from that land! 29 And this is how it all happened. However, when God destroyed all the cities around there, He remembered AbraHam and He brought Lot out of the midst of that destruction, when the Lord overthrew those cities where Lot had been living.
30 Well after that, Lot and his daughters left Segor and they went to live in the mountains, because he was afraid to live in Segor. So he and his daughters went and lived in a cave.
‘Our father is old, and no one on earth will come to us here where we’re living. 32 So, let’s get our father drunk with wine and then we will sleep with him, so we can have the seed of our father.’
33 Well that night, they brought their father some wine to drink, and the eldest went in and laid down with him. However, he wasn’t aware of when he went to sleep or when he got up.
‘Look; I slept with our father last night. So let’s get him some wine to drink again tonight, and then you go in and sleep with him, so we can raise a seed from our father.’
35 So [once again], they got their father to drink wine, and the younger went in and slept with her father that night… and he didn’t know when he went to sleep or when he got up.
36 As the result, the two daughters of Lot became pregnant by their father. 37 Then the eldest bore a son whom she called Moab, saying: ‘He’s of my father.’ ([Moab] is the father of the Moabites to this day). 38 And the younger also bore a son whom she named AmMon, saying: ‘He’s the son of my family.’ ([AmMon] is the father of the AmMonites to this day).
1 Well, sometime after that, AbraHam moved to the southern part of the country and took up living between Cades and Sur, staying for a while in GeraRa. 2 And [there] AbraHam [told the people] that his woman SarAh was his sister. He didn’t want to say, ‘She’s my woman,’ for fear that the men of that city would kill him because of her.
So, AbiMelech (the king of GeraRa) sent for SarAh and took her [to be his woman]. 3 But God came to AbiMelech at night in a dream and told him:
‘Lord, would you destroy a righteous nation that has sinned in ignorance? 5 Didn’t he tell me, She’s my sister? And didn’t she tell me, He’s my brother? I’ve done this with righteous hands and with a pure heart.’
‘Yes, I know that you did this with a pure heart. That’s why I’ve spared you and [kept you from] sinning against Me, and that’s why I also kept you from touching her. 7 So, return this man’s woman now, because he’s a Prophet. Then he will pray for you and you will continue to live. However, if you don’t return her, you and all that are yours will die.’
8 So, early the next morning, AbiMelech got up and called all his servants in; then he told them everything that was said, which frightened them. 9 And thereafter, AbiMelech called AbraHam in and asked:
‘What have you done to us? [What type of bad] have you seen in me that you should do such a thing? Have we sinned against you in some way so that you would draw my whole kingdom and me into such a great sin? Why, you’ve done something to me that no one should ever do!’
‘[I thought] that this surely couldn’t be a place of godly people, so they will kill me for my woman. 12 [And in fact], she really is my sister by my father (but not by my mother), whom I took as my woman. 13 So when God took me from my father’s house, I told her, I have a righteous thing that I want you to do for me: Wherever we go, tell [people] that I’m your brother.’
14 Then AbiMelech returned his woman SarAh, along with a thousand silver coins, as well as sheep, cattle, and male and female servants. 15 And AbiMelech said to AbraHam:
‘Look, I’ve given your brother a thousand silver coins. These are yours as the price of your face and for all the women who are with you… but [in the future, you must] always tell the whole truth!’
17 So AbraHam prayed to God, and God healed AbiMelech. [He also healed AbiMelech’s] woman and his concubines, and they thereafter gave birth to children 18 (since Jehovah had closed all the wombs in AbiMelech’s house due to AbraHam’s woman, SarAh).
1 Then the Lord visited SarAh and did as [He had promised] to her. 2 She became pregnant and bore a son to AbraHam in his old age, at the exact time that the Lord had specified. 3 And AbraHam named the son that was born to him through SarAh, IsaAc (Laughter). 4 Then on the eighth day, AbraHam circumcised IsaAc, just as God had instructed him.
‘Jehovah has created laughter for me, because everyone who hears [about this] will rejoice with me.’
8 Thereafter, the child grew; and on the day that he was weaned, AbraHam prepared a great feast. 9 However, SarAh noticed Hagar’s son (the one who was born to AbraHam through the Egyptian [woman]) playfully making fun of their son IsaAc. 10 So she told AbraHam:
‘Throw this slave woman and her son out, because I won’t have the son of this slave receive an inheritance with my son IsaAc!’
‘Don’t allow this thing about your son and the slave woman to become too difficult for you. Listen to whatever SarAh tells you, because IsaAc will be the one who is called your seed. 13 However, I will make a great nation of this slave woman’s son, because he’s also your seed.’
14 So the next morning, AbraHam got up, gave Hagar some loaves [of bread] and a skin of water, put her son on her shoulders, and sent her away. Then she left there and wandered in the desert near the Well of the Promise.
15 However, [before long] the skin of water was empty. So she threw her child under a fir tree, 16 where she left him, and then she sat some distance across from him (a bow-shot away). And she said:
17 Well, God heard the voice of the child from the place where He was, and a messenger from God called to Hagar from the sky, and asked:
‘Why are you so concerned, Hagar? Don’t worry; for God has heard the child’s voice from where He is. 18 So now, get up and take the child by his hand, because I’m going to make a great nation of him.’
19 Then The God opened her eyes and she saw a life [sustaining] well of water; so she went and filled the skin with water and gave the child a drink.
20 God was with that child, so he grew up living in the desert and he became an archer. 21 And as he was living there in the desert, his mother found a woman for him in Pharan, Egypt.
22 Now, the time came when AbiMelech, OchoZath (his trusted friend), and Pichol (the head of his army) [came to] AbraHam and said:
‘God is with you [and has blest] everything you do. 23 So, swear to me by God that you won’t harm me, my seed, or my name; rather, you should deal with me in the same righteous way that I’ve dealt with you in this land in which you are living.’
25 Then AbraHam complained to AbiMelech about some water wells that his servants had taken from him. 26 And AbiMelech replied:
‘I don’t know who did this thing to you, nor did you tell me about it. Today is the first time I’ve heard of this.’
27 And thereafter, AbraHam took some cattle and sheep and gave them to AbiMelech, and they made a treaty. 28 Then AbraHam set aside seven female lambs. 29 And AbiMelech asked him:
31 Thereafter, he named that place, ‘The Well of the Promise,’ because that’s where they swore their oath 32 and made their treaty. So, AbiMelech, his trusted friend OchoZath, and Pichol (the head of his army) got up and returned [home] to the land of the Philistines.
33 Then AbraHam planted a field at The Well of the Promise and started calling on the Name of the God of the ages, Jehovah. 34 And he stayed there in the land of the Philistines for many days.
‘Take your beloved son (this one whom you so love, IsaAc) then go to the highlands and offer him there on one of the mountains that I’ll tell you about, as a burnt offering.’
3 So AbraHam got up in the morning, saddled his burro, and [prepared to] take two servants and his son IsaAc with him. Then, after splitting some wood for the offering, he got up and traveled toward the place about which God had spoken to him.
4 Well, it was on the third day that AbraHam looked up and saw the place in the distance. 5 Then AbraHam said to his servants:
‘Stay here with the burros; for my son and I will go over there… and after we bow low [before God], we will return to you.’
6 So AbraHam took the wood for the offering and laid it on his son IsaAc’s [shoulders], and the two went off together, with him carrying both the fire and the knife in his own hands.
Then AbraHam built the altar there and laid the wood on it, tied his son IsaAc’s feet together, and laid him on the wood on top of the altar. 10 And as AbraHam was reaching for the knife to slaughter his son, 11 a messenger of Jehovah called to him from the sky, and said:
‘Don’t lay a hand on the child and don’t do anything to him, for now I know that you fear God, since you haven’t spared even your loved son for My sake!’
13 And when AbraHam looked up, he saw {Look!} a male goat that was caught by its horns on a bush in the thicket. So AbraHam went over and grabbed the male goat; [then he] offered it as a whole burnt offering instead of his son IsaAc.
14 Well, AbraHam thereafter named that place, ‘The Lord Was Seen.’ [He did that] so people today would say, ‘This is the mountain where the Lord was seen.’
16 ‘This is what Jehovah has said: I have sworn [an oath] by Myself that, because you’ve done this thing (because you haven’t spared your loved son for Me); 17 when it comes to blessings, I will bless you, and when it comes to multiplying, I will multiply your seed as the stars in the skies and as the sands on the sea shore. Your seed will inherit the cities of their enemies, 18 and all the nations of the earth will be blest by your seed, because you’ve listened to My voice.’
19 Well thereafter, AbraHam returned to his servants, and they all got up and traveled together to the Well of the Promise. Then AbraHam took up living there at the Well of the Promise.
‘Look! Melcha has given birth to sons by your brother NaHor! 21 Uz is the first-born, [then there is] Baux his brother, CamuEl (the father of the Syrians), Chazad, 22 Azav, Phaldes, JelDaph, and BathuEl (BathuEl was RebecKa’s father). 23 Melcha bore these eight sons to AbraHam’s brother NaHor. 24 In addition, his concubine (named RheUma) also gave birth to TaBec, TaAm, Tochos, and Mocha.’
1 Well, SarAh lived to be a hundred and twenty-seven years old, 2 and then [she] died in the city of ArBoc (Hebron in the land of CanaAn), which is located in a valley.
So AbraHam went to SarAh to mourn for her. 3 And as AbraHam stood before his dead [woman], he spoke to the sons of Chet, saying:
4 ‘I’m just a visitor and a stranger among you; but [please] allow me to buy a burying-place among [your people], so I can bury my dead away from [my place].’
‘No Sir! 6 Listen; You may live among us, but you’re [really] a king from God! So, bury your dead in our best tombs! None of us will ever withhold our tombs to keep you from burying your dead here!’
7 Then AbraHam arose and bowed low before the people of the land (the sons of Ket). 8 And AbraHam said to them:
‘If you approve of me burying my dead out of my sight, then listen to what I have to say and [please] speak on my behalf to EphRon, the son of SaAr. 9 [I want] him to give me the double cave that he owns, which is located in his field. I will [be happy to] pay whatever it’s worth for a burial-place among you.’
10 Now, EphRon happened to be sitting there in the midst of the children of Ket, and [he] answered AbraHam (speaking where he could be heard by all the sons of Ket and by all who were entering the city) saying:
12 And at that, AbraHam bowed low before the people of the land, 13 and he told EphRon (before the people of the land):
‘Since you’re on my side, listen to me; Accept the price of the field from me and I’ll bury my dead there.’
15 ‘No, my lord! I’ve heard that the land [is worth] four hundred silver coins, but what value is that between you and me? No, just bury your dead.’
16 And though AbraHam heard what EphRon had said, he still paid [him] the money, just as he had vowed before the sons of Ket – four hundred silver coins that had been approved by the merchants.
17 So at that, the double cave that was in the field of EphRon opposite MamRe (the field, the cave that was in it, every tree in the field, and everything that was within its borders) was sold 18 to AbraHam as his possession, there in front of the sons of Ket and all those [who were] entering the city.
19 There, AbraHam buried his woman SarAh inside the field’s double cave, which is opposite Mamre (Hebron in the land of CanaAn). 20 For the field and its cave were sold to AbraHam as his burying place by the sons of Ket.
1 By then, AbraHam was very old, and Jehovah had blest AbraHam in everything. 2 So AbraHam said to his servant (the elder of his house who was in charge of all his possessions):
‘Put your hand under my thigh, 3 because I want you to swear by Jehovah the God of heaven and the God of the earth, that you won’t take a woman for my son IsaAc from the daughters of the CanaAnites… these [people] among whom I am living. 4 Rather, I want you to go to my country – to the place where I was born and to my people – to find a woman for my son IsaAc.’
‘But if the woman isn’t happy and willing to return with me to this land, should I carry your son back to that land from which you came?’
‘Make sure that you don’t carry my son back there. 7 For Jehovah (the God of heaven and the God of earth) who took me out of my father’s house and out of the land where I was born… who spoke to me, and who swore to me, saying, I will give this land to you and to your seed, will send His messenger ahead of you… and you must take a woman for my son from there. 8 However, if the woman isn’t willing to come with you into this land, you will be free from this oath. Just don’t carry my son back there.’
9 So the servant put his hand under the thigh of his master AbraHam, and swore to him. 10 Then the servant took ten camels from his master’s herd and [some of] his master’s valuables, and he traveled through MesoPotamia to the city of NaHor.
11 It was toward evening that he [stopped and] rested his camels outside of the city, by the well where the young women went to draw water. 12 And he [prayed]:
‘O Jehovah, the God of my master AbraHam; Bless what I’m doing today, and be merciful to my master AbraHam. 13 {Look!} Here I am standing by the well where the daughters of those who live in this city come to draw water. 14 And may it be that whichever virgin to whom I say, Bring down the water jar so that I may have a drink, and she replies, Take a drink, and I will also [pour water] for your camels to drink until they are satisfied; I’ll know that this is the one You’ve prepared for Your servant IsaAc, and that You’ve been merciful to my master, AbraHam.’
15 Well, before he was even done speaking in his mind, {Look!} RebecKa, the daughter of BathuEl (who was the son of Melcha, the woman of NaHor, AbraHam’s brother) came there carrying a water jug on her shoulders. 16 This virgin was very beautiful, and she was in fact a virgin… no man ever had sexual relations with her. She went down to the well, filled her water jug, and [walked back] up.
20 And she quickly emptied the water jug into the trough, and then she kept running to the well to draw, until she had drawn enough water for all the camels.
21 Well, the man paid attention to this, but he didn’t say anything, because he wanted to know whether this was Jehovah blessing. 22 Then, after all the camels were finished drinking, he gave her [two] gold earrings (each weighing about an eighth of an ounce), and he [put] two bracelets on her hands (they weighed about the same as ten gold coins), 23 and he asked her,
‘May Jehovah the God of my master AbraHam be praised, [because He] hasn’t allowed His righteousness or His truth to fail my master, since the Lord has led me right to the house of my lord’s brother!’
29 Now, RebecKa had a brother whose name was Laban; and Laban ran all the way to the well to meet the man. 30 For when he saw the earrings and the bracelets on his sister’s hands; and when he heard what his sister RebecKa said about what the man had told her, he went to the man as he was standing by the well with his camels 31 and said to him:
‘Come on in, you who are blest by Jehovah! Why are you standing outside? I’ve prepared the house and I’ve also made a place for your camels!’
32 So the man went into the house, and [Laban] unloaded the camels, gave them straw and fodder, and he drew water to wash the feet [of AbraHam’s servant] as well as the feet of the men who were with him; 33 then he set loaves of bread before them to eat. However, [AbraHam’s servant] said:
‘I’m a servant of AbraHam; 35 and Jehovah has greatly blest my master. He is highly respected and has been given sheep, cattle, silver, gold, male and female servants, camels, and burros. 36 And SarAh, my master’s woman, bore one son to my master after he had grown old, to whom he has given everything that he owns.
37 ‘Now, my master made me swear [an oath], saying, You must not take a woman for my son from among the daughters of the CanaAnites… these [people] among whom I am living. 38 But you should go to the house of my father and to my tribe, and take a woman for my son from there.
40 ‘And he replied: Jehovah God, who has found me to be acceptable in His presence, will send His messenger along with you, and your journey will be blest. You should take a woman for my son from among my tribe and from the house of my father. 41 Then you will be free from the curse [of your oath]. And if they won’t give her to you when you get to my tribe, you will be freed from your oath.
42 ‘So today I came to this well, and I [prayed]: Jehovah, the God of my master AbraHam; If you will bless this journey that I’m now on, 43 {Look!} I will stand by this well where the daughters of the people of this city come to draw water. And whichever young woman to whom I will say, Give me a little water to drink out of your pitcher, 44 and she replies, Take a drink, and I will also [pour water] for your camels to drink until they are satisfied; this is the woman that Jehovah has prepared for His servant IsaAc, and that’s how I’ll know that You’ve been merciful to my master, AbraHam.
45 ‘Well, before I had even finished speaking in my mind, RebecKa arrived with her pitcher on her shoulders. And [after] she went down to the well and drew water, I said to her, Give me a drink. 46 Then she quickly took the pitcher from her head, and said, Take a drink, and I will also give your camels [something to] drink. So I drank, and then she watered the camels.
47 ‘So I asked her: Whose daughter are you… tell me! And she replied: I’m the daughter of BathuEl, who is the son of Melcha and whose father was NaHor. And that’s when I gave her the earrings and put the bracelets on her hands.
48 ‘Well, all of this made me so happy that I bowed low and praised Jehovah, the God of my master AbraHam, who has truly blest me in such a way that I might take the daughter of my master’s own brother for his son. 49 Now, tell me whether you will be merciful and just with my lord, so I can know which way to turn.’
‘Since this thing has come from Jehovah, we can’t answer you in either a bad way or a good way. 51 Look! There is RebecKa standing before you… take her and go! Let her be the woman of your master’s son, just as Jehovah has said.’
52 And when AbraHam’s servant heard these words, he bowed to the ground to Jehovah. 53 Then he brought out silver and gold jewelry, as well as clothing, and gave it to RebecKa. He also gave gifts to her brother and to her mother. 54 And afterward, both he and the men who were with him ate and drank; then they went to sleep.
‘Don’t hold me back, because Jehovah has blest my journey. Send me away now, so I can return to my master!’
59 So they [agreed to] send their sister RebecKa and all her possessions along with AbraHam’s servant and his attendants. 60 Then they [gave] RebecKa a blessing, saying to her:
‘You are our sister; now become ten thousands of thousands, and may your seed own the cities of their enemies.’
61 Thereafter, RebecKa and her female attendants mounted the camels and went along with the man. And the servant, on having received RebecKa, departed.
62 Meanwhile, IsaAc had traveled through the desert toward the Well of the Vision, and he took up living in the southern portion of that land. 63 It was toward evening that IsaAc had gone out into the plains to think (because he was discouraged). And when he looked up, he saw camels coming. 64 It was then that RebecKa looked up and saw IsaAc. So she quickly dismounted the camel 65 and asked the servant:
66 Thereafter, the servant told IsaAc everything that he had done. 67 And IsaAc went to the house of his mother and took RebecKa, so she became his woman… and he loved her… and IsaAc was given comfort for [the death of] his mother, SarAh.
1 Well, after that, AbraHam married again, and his woman’s name was KetTura. 2 She bore to him ZomBran, JeZan, Madal, Midian, JesBoc, and SoYe.
3 JeZan fathered Saba and Dedan. The sons of Dedan were the AsShurites, the Latusians, and the Laomim. 4 The sons of Midian were Gephar, Aphir, Enoch, Abida, and ElDaAh. These were all the sons of KetTura. 5 However, AbraHam had given all of his possessions to his son IsaAc. 6 He just gave gifts to the sons of his concubines, then he sent them away from his son IsaAc, to a country in the east.
7 AbraHam lived to be a hundred and seventy-five years old. 8 But AbraHam [eventually found himself in] failing health and he died at a ripe old age… an old man who had lived a full life; and he was [buried] with his family.
9 His sons, IsaAc and IshMaEl buried him in the double cave that was in the field of EphRon (the son of SaAr the Kettite), which is across from Mamre. 10 So AbraHam and his woman SarAh [were both buried] in that field, inside the cave that AbraHam bought from the sons of Ket.
11 Well, after AbraHam died, God blest his son IsaAc. And IsaAc went to live by the Well of the Vision.
12 These are the generations of IshMaEl, the son of AbraHam, whom Hagar (SarAh’s Egyptian handmaid) had born to AbraHam, 13 and these are the names of IshMaEl’s sons by each of their generations: The firstborn of IshMaEl was NabaiOth, then Kedar, NabDeEl, MasSam, 14 MasMa, Duma, MasSe, 15 ChodDan, ThaEman, Jetur, Naphes, and Kedma. 16 Those are all IshMaEl’s sons, whose names are on their tents and dwellings… twelve princes of their nations.
17 And this is how long IshMaEl lived: a hundred and thirty-seven years. Thereafter, [his health started to] fail and he died and was [buried with] his family.
18 [IshMaEl] and all his descendants lived [in the area] from Evilat [in the northeast] to Sur [in the southwest], and from Assyria to just across from Egypt.
19 And these are the generations of IsaAc, the son of AbraHam: 20 AbraHam fathered IsaAc. And when IsaAc was forty years old, he took RebecKa (the daughter of BathuEl, the Syrian of Syrian MesoPotamia, the sister of Laban the Syrian) as his woman.
21 Then IsaAc prayed to Jehovah about his woman RebecKa, because she was sterile, and Jehovah heard him; so his woman (RebecKa) got pregnant. 22 And [one day], the babies that were inside her jumped. And she asked:
‘There are two nations in your womb, and two races will be separated from your belly. One race will become greater than the other, and the older one will serve the younger.’
24 Well, when it came time for her to deliver, she [found that] she indeed had twins in her womb. 25 The first came out red and covered with hair all over his skin; and she named him Esau. 26 Then his brother was born while holding onto the heel of Esau with his hand, so she named him Jacob (Snatcher of the Heel). IsaAc was sixty years old when RebecKa bore them.
27 Well, after the boys grew up, Esau became a skilled hunter who lived in the country, while Jacob was a simple man who lived in a house. 28 And though IsaAc loved Esau (because he enjoyed venison), RebecKa loved Jacob.
29 Then [one day], as Jacob was cooking up some stew, Esau came in from the plains tired and weak, 30 he said to Jacob:
‘Let me have a taste of that red stew, because I’m weak.’ (That’s when he started to be called Edom [or Red]).
34 Thereafter, Jacob gave Esau some bread and some lentil stew, which he ate and drank, then he got up and left. This is how Esau [showed little regard for] his birthright.
1 Thereafter, a famine came upon the land that was greater than past famines that had happened in the time of AbraHam. So IsaAc went to GeraRa to see AbiMelech, the king of the Philistines. 2 And there the Lord appeared to him and said:
‘Do not go to Egypt! Rather, live in the land that I’m going to tell you about. 3 Stay in this land and I will be with you and bless you. I’m going to give all of this land to you and to your seed, for now I will fulfill the oath that I swore to your father AbraHam. 4 I will increase your seed as the stars in the skies, I will give all of this land to your seed, and all the nations of the earth will be blest by your seed, 5 because AbraHam (your father) listened to My voice and did as I said… He obeyed My commandments, rules, and laws.’
7 Well, when the men in GeraRa asked him about RebecKa (his woman), he told them that she was his sister, because he was afraid to tell them that she was his woman, because she was very pretty and [he feared that] the men there would kill him for RebecKa.
8 Then, after he had lived there a long time, AbiMelech (the king of GeraRa) happened to lean over to look out his window, and he saw IsaAc playing with RebecKa, his woman. 9 So, AbiMelech called IsaAc and asked him:
‘Why would you do such a thing to us? Before long, one of my relatives would have had [sex] with your woman, and you would have brought a sin upon us in our ignorance!’
12 Then IsaAc planted grain in the land; and that year, the barley produced a hundred times [more than what he had planted], for Jehovah was blessing him. 13 So, he became highly regarded and very wealthy, as he continued to prosper. 14 For he owned many sheep, cattle, and tillable lands. But, as the result, the Philistines [started to] envy him, 15 and [they] stopped up all the wells that his father’s servants had dug back in his time, filling them in with dirt.
18 And once more, IsaAc dug the [same type of] wells that his father’s servants had dug (which the Philistines had stopped up after AbraHam’s death). And he gave them each names, using the same names as his father had used. 19 Then when IsaAc’s servants dug in the valley of GeraRa, they found a live well of water. 20 However, the shepherds of GeraRa argued with IsaAc’s shepherds, claiming that the water was theirs. So they named the well Injury, because [they claimed] injury over this matter.
21 As the result, he left that place and dug another well. [But then the people] started claiming [that it was theirs also]. So he named it Hatred. 22 And he left that place and dug another well, which no one else claimed to be theirs; so he named it Space, saying:
23 Then he traveled to the Well of the Promise, 24 where Jehovah appeared to him that night and said:
‘I am the God of your father AbraHam. Don’t be afraid, for I am with you! Because of your father AbraHam, I will bless you and your seed will increase.’
25 So he built an altar there, and he named it Jehovah. Then he pitched his tent, and IsaAc’s servants dug another well there in the valley of GeraRa.
26 However, later, AbiMelech came to him from [the City of] GeraRa with his trusted friend OchoZath and with Phichol, the commander of his army. 27 And IsaAc asked them:
‘We have seen that the Lord is surely with you. So we said, Let us swear an oath between him and us. Yes, we want to make an agreement with you, 29 that you won’t do any wrong to us, and we won’t show any more hatred toward you. After all, isn’t it because we treated you well by sending you away peacefully that you are now being blest by Jehovah?’
30 So, [IsaAc] prepared a feast for them, and they all ate and drank. 31 And when they got up the next morning, they each swore [an oath] to their neighbors. Then IsaAc sent them away, and they left him in safety.
32 However, that very same day, IsaAc’s servants came and [gave him news about] the well that they were digging. They said, ‘We’ve found water!’ 33 So he named it and the city, ‘The Oath.’ This is why that city is called ‘The Well of the Promise‘ (BeerSheba) to this day.
34 Then when Esau was forty years old, he took Judith, the daughter of BeOch the Kettite, and BaseMath (the daughter of Helon the Kettite). 35 And [these women] made life very difficult for IsaAc and RebecKa.
1 Well, after IsaAc grew old, his eyes became so dim that he couldn’t see. Then he called Esau, his eldest son, and said to him:
‘{Look!} I’m old and I don’t know [how much longer I will live]. 3 So, go get your weapons, both your bow and your quiver, and go into the plains to get me some venison. 4 Then prepare the meat for me just the way I like it and bring it to me, so I can eat it. Thereafter, I will pass my blessing upon your life before I die.’
5 However, RebecKa overheard IsaAc speaking to his son Esau. And after Esau had gone out to the plains to get some venison for his father, 6 RebecKa said to her younger son Jacob:
‘{Look!} I overheard your father speaking to your brother Esau. And he told him 7 to bring him some venison and prepare the meat so he could eat it; then he would bless him in front of Jehovah, before he dies.
8 ‘Now, listen my son and do what I tell you! 9 Go out to the animals and bring two young goats to me ([make sure they’re] tender and good), and I’ll prepare the meat for your father just the way he likes it. 10 Then you must take it to your father, so he can eat it and bless you before he dies.’
‘My brother Esau is covered with hair, while [my body] is smooth. 12 So if my father should [reach out] and feel me, it will look like I’m doing a bad thing to him, and that would bring a curse on me, not a blessing!’
‘May I receive your curses, my son. Just listen to what I’ve told you to do and bring [the young goats] to me.’
14 So he went out and brought them to his mother, and his mother prepared the meat just the way his father liked it. 15 Then RebecKa took some of her eldest son Esau’s finest clothes that she had there in the house, and put them on her younger son Jacob, 16 and she also covered his arms and the bare parts of his neck with the skins of the young goats. 17 Thereafter, she put the meat and the bread that she had prepared into the hands of Jacob, 18 and he brought it in to his father.
‘It’s me, Esau your first-born! I’ve done what you told me to do; so, sit up and eat my venison… then you can pass your blessings on my life.’
23 Therefore he didn’t recognize him, because his hands were hairy like the hands of his brother Esau… and this is how [IsaAc] came to bless [Jacob].
‘Then, bring your venison over here and I’ll eat it, son, and I will pass my blessings on to your life.’
27 So [Jacob] went over and kissed him; and [IsaAc] then sniffed the odor of his clothes and blest him, saying:
‘{Look!} This is the odor of my son. It has the smell of a wonderful field that has been blest by Jehovah. 28 So may God give you the dew of the skies, the fatness of the land, and plenty of grain and wine. 29 May the ethnics serve you, and may their princes bow low before you. May you be the lord of your brother, and may your father’s [other] sons show you respect. May anyone who curses you be cursed, and may all who praise you be blest.’
30 Well, after IsaAc had blest his son Jacob (immediately after Jacob had left the presence of IsaAc his father), his brother Esau returned from his hunt. 31 He had also prepared some meat and brought it in to his father, and he said:
‘Get up father! Sit up and eat some of your son’s venison, so you can pass your blessings on my life.’
‘Then, who was it that [just] got the venison and brought it to me? I ate it all before you got here, and I blest him… so he’s the one that will be blest!’
‘He is well named Jacob, because {Look!} this is the second time that has he taken what was mine. First he took my right as the firstborn, and now he has taken my blessing!’
‘I’ve already made him your lord and all of your brothers his servants. I have also empowered him with the wine and grain… so what more can I give you, my son?’
Well, this really bothered IsaAc, because Esau was shouting and crying. 39 So (his father) IsaAc answered and said:
‘Look; Your home will be in the fatness of the ground and in the dew of the skies up above. 40 You will indeed live by your sword and you will serve your brother. However, the time will come when you will loosen and break his yoke from your neck.’
41 Well, Esau was very angry with Jacob over the blessing that his father had given to him. So Esau thought about it and then he said:
42 Then when these words of Esau (her eldest son) were reported to RebecKa; she sent for her younger son Jacob, and said to him:
‘{Look!} Your brother Esau has threatened to kill you! 43 So now, listen to me, my son; Get up and quickly leave for MesoPotamia… go to my brother Laban in Haran 44 and live with him until all of your brother’s anger 45 and rage against you has passed and he forgets what you’ve done to him. Then I will send for you and bring you back. For I don’t want to be saddened over [the death] of both you [and your father] on the same day.’
‘I’m so tired of my life because of the daughters of the sons of Chet. And if Jacob were [also] to take a woman from the daughters of this land, where would I live?’
‘You must not take a woman from among the daughters of the CanaAnites. 2 Rather, get up quickly and travel to MesoPotamia, to the house of my father-in-law BathuEl, and find yourself a woman among the daughters of your mother’s brother Laban. 3 May my God bless you, prosper you, and make you increase; for you will indeed become a gathering of nations. 4 May He give the blessings of my father AbraHam to you and to your seed that comes after you, so that you will inherit this land in which you are living and which God had given to AbraHam.’
5 So thereafter, IsaAc sent Jacob away, and he went to [stay with] Laban, the son of BathuEl the Syrian, who was the brother of RebecKa (the mother of Jacob and Esau) in MesoPotamia.
6 Now, Esau knew that IsaAc had blest Jacob and that after he blest him, he’d sent him away to find a woman in Syrian MesoPotamia. [And he also knew that he told Jacob] not to take a woman from the daughters of the CanaAnites… 7 and that Jacob had obeyed his father and mother by going off to Syrian MesoPotamia. 8 For Esau recognized that his father IsaAc viewed the daughters of the CanaAnites as evil. 9 As the result, he went to see IshMaEl (the son of AbraHam) and he took MaEleth (IshMaEl’s daughter and NabeOth’s sister) to be another one of his wives.
10 Meanwhile, Jacob had left the Well of the Promise and traveled to Haran. 11 And when he reached a certain place, he decided to sleep there, since the sun had gone down. So he chose a stone and placed it under his head, then he went to sleep in that place 12 and he started to dream.
Well, {Look!} [in the dream] there was a stairway fastened to the ground that reached all the way into the heavens… and the messengers of God were ascending and descending upon it. 13 Then [he saw] Jehovah standing at the top of it, who said this to him:
‘I am the God of your father AbraHam and the God of IsaAc. Don’t be afraid, for I will give the land where you’re now lying to you and to your seed. 14 For your seed will become as many as the sands of the earth… they will spread from the sea to the north, south, and the east. And through you and your seed all the tribes of the earth will be blest. 15 Look; I am with you! [I will] always keep you safe no matter where you may go… and then I will return you to this land. I will never leave you until I’ve done everything that I said I will do for you.’
18 So after Jacob got up in the morning, he took the stone on which he had laid his head and erected it as a pillar. Then he anointed it with oil, 19 and he named that place, The House of God (BethEl). (Before that, the city had been called UlamLuz.)
‘If You will be with me and guard me throughout this journey, giving enough me bread to eat and clothes to wear, 21 and then You bring me back safely to the house of my father; You will be my God. 22 Also, this stone that I have erected as a pillar will be a House of God to me, and I will return a tenth of everything that You give to me.’
1 So thereafter, Jacob [resumed his journey] eastward toward the land of Laban… to the son of BathuEl the Syrian and the brother of RebecKa (the mother of Jacob and Esau).
2 {Look!} [Jacob] then spied a well in the plains where there were three flocks of sheep resting. It was a well that they used to water the flocks, and there was a large stone covering it. 3 For after all the flocks had gathered there, they used to roll the stone away from the mouth of the well to provide water for the [animals], then they’d push it back over the mouth of the well to cover it again.
‘It’s still mid-day… it isn’t time for the flocks to be gathered yet. So, why don’t you just water the flocks, then take them back out to graze?’
‘We can’t do that until all the shepherds arrive. They will roll away the stone from the mouth of the well and then we will all water our flocks.’
9 Well, while he was still speaking to them, {Look!} Laban’s daughter RachEl arrived with her father’s sheep, because she was in charge of grazing them. 10 And when Jacob saw RachEl (the daughter of Laban, his mother’s brother) and the sheep of his mother’s brother Laban; Jacob went over and rolled the stone away from the mouth of the well and watered Laban’s sheep.
11 Thereafter, Jacob kissed RachEl and shouted loudly, as he [started to] cry… 12 for he explained to RachEl that he was a close relative of her father, and that he was the son of RebecKa. So she ran and told her father what he said. 13 And when Laban heard the name of Jacob (his sister’s son), he ran to meet him… he hugged and kissed him, then he led him into his house.
‘Surely you aren’t going to serve me for nothing, for you’re my brother! Tell me how I can reward you!’
16 It so happened that Laban had two daughters. The name of the eldest was called LeAh, and the younger was called RachEl. 17 Though LeAh had weak eyes, RachEl was beautiful and had a very pretty face. 18 And because Jacob loved RachEl, he replied:
20 Well, Jacob served [Laban] seven years for RachEl, but to him it seemed like just a few days, because he loved her so much. 21 Then Jacob told Laban:
22 So Laban assembled all the people and prepared a wedding banquet. 23 Then that evening, he took his daughter LeAh and brought her to Jacob, and Jacob [had sex] with her. 24 Laban also gave his servant ZelPha to his daughter LeAh, to be her handmaid.
25 Well, it was [the next] morning before [Jacob realized] that it was LeAh. So Jacob [went to] Laban and asked:
‘In our country, it isn’t proper to give the younger before the eldest. 27 Serve me for seven [more years] and I’ll give her to you also, in return for your labor of seven more years.’
28 So, that’s what Jacob did… he served for seven [more years]. Then Laban also gave his daughter RachEl to be his woman. 29 And Laban gave his servant BalLa to be his daughter’s handmaid.
30 Thereafter, [Jacob had sex with] RachEl, and he loved RachEl more than LeAh… and this is why [he had been willing] to serve him for seven more years.
31 Well, when Jehovah God saw that [Jacob] wasn’t attracted to LeAh, He opened her womb, while RachEl remained barren. 32 So LeAh got pregnant and bore a son to Jacob, whom she named ReuBen (‘See, a Son!’). For she said:
1 Well, when RachEl realized that she wasn’t bearing children for Jacob, she became jealous of her sister, and she said to Jacob:
‘Look; Here’s my handmaid BalLa. [Sleep] with her, and she will give birth [to children] on my knees… I will have children by her.’
4 So she gave him BalLa her handmaid to be his woman, and Jacob went in [and slept with] her. 5 As the result, BalLa (RachEl’s handmaid) got pregnant and bore a son to Jacob. 6 Then RachEl said:
‘God has given me justice and listened to my voice, for He has given me a son.’ So she named him Dan (‘Justice’).
9 Well when LeAh saw that she was no longer bearing children, she took ZelPha her handmaid and gave her to Jacob as his woman, and he went in to [sleep with] her. 10 So ZelPha, LeAh’s handmaid, got pregnant and bore Jacob a son. 11 And LeAh said:
14 Well, when it came time to harvest the barley, ReuBen went out to the field and found some mandrake apples [growing] there, and he brought them to his mother LeAh. Then RachEl said to her sister:
So he slept with her that night, 17 and God listened to LeAh, so she got pregnant and bore a fifth son to Jacob. 18 And LeAh said:
22 Then The God remembered RachEl… He heard her and opened her womb, 23 so she got pregnant and bore Jacob a son. And RachEl said:
‘[Allow] me to leave now, so I may return to my country and my home. 26 Free my women and children for whom I served you, so I can go… and don’t forget all the services that I’ve provided for you.’
‘If I’ve found favor in your eyes, it’s a good sign for me, because Jehovah has blest me by sending you here. 28 Now, tell me how much I owe you and I’ll pay it.’
‘You know how many ways I’ve served you and how many of your cattle I’m [responsible for]… 30 you didn’t have many before I came here, and now there are many! So, Jehovah God has blest you since I arrived. Now, help me to establish my own house.’
‘Don’t give me anything… just do this one thing for me: I will continue to watch over your flocks and tend them, 32 and as your sheep pass by each day, let me set aside the dark sheep and the speckled and spotted goats as my reward. 33 So by tomorrow, my righteousness will answer for me, because this will be my reward from you. You can steal back any goats that aren’t spotted or speckled, or any sheep that aren’t dark.’
35 However, that same day, [Laban craftily] separated the spotted and speckled billy goats and nanny goats, and all the dark sheep from those that were white, and he gave them to his sons. 36 Then he sent [them away] on a three-day journey, while Jacob was tending the animals that were left behind.
37 However, Jacob gathered some green rods from storax, walnut, and sycamore trees, and peeled them alternately [to create the look of] white and green stripes, which gave a [spotted] appearance to the rods. 38 Then he laid the rods he had peeled at the bottom of the watering troughs, so that when the cattle came to drink, they would see the rods and mate there in front of the rods. 39 And [that’s what happened]… the cattle did get pregnant at the rods and gave birth to [young with] speckles, streaks, and ash-colored spots. 40 Then Jacob separated the lambs, setting aside the speckled goats and lambs for himself away from Laban’s sheep.
41 Thereafter, Jacob [continued] to put the rods in the troughs before the cattle, so they would mate in front of the rods. 42 And when the cattle gave birth, [he would give] the unmarked ones to Laban, but he set aside the marked ones as his. 43 And [before long], he became very rich with many cattle, oxen, male and female servants, camels, and burros.
1 However, Jacob happened to overhear Laban’s sons saying, ‘Jacob has taken everything that belongs to our father and all our father’s property… all of his glory!’ 2 So Jacob realized that Laban [wasn’t happy to see him anymore].
4 So Jacob sent for LeAh and RachEl, [who were] out in the plains with the flocks, 5 and he said to them:
‘I know that your father is no longer [happy to see me]. However, the God of my father is still with me. 6 For, though I’ve served your father with all my might, 7 and he deceived me by changing what he owed me to [just] ten lambs… God hasn’t allowed him to [wrong me]. 8 Because, if he would have said, The speckled will be your reward; then all the cattle would give birth to the speckled. And if he would have said, The white ones will be your reward; all the cattle would have been born white.
9 ‘Therefore, it was God who has taken all these cattle from your father and given them to me. 10 For, during the time that the cattle were pregnant with their young, I fell asleep and {Look!} I dreamed that I saw billy goats and rams jumping on the nanny goats and sheep that were all speckled, striped, and spotted with ash-colored spots.
11 ‘Then a messenger from God called to me in that dream, shouting, Jacob! And I said, What is it? 12 And he said, Look up and see the billy goats and rams jumping on the nanny goats and sheep… they are all speckled, striped, and spotted with ash-colored spots. I’ve seen all things that Laban did to you; 13 for I’m the God who appeared to you at BethEl where you poured oil out on a pillar to Me and [where you] swore an oath to Me.
‘And what about our inheritances in the house of our father? 15 Does he now consider us strangers? He sold us and then he spent our money! 16 Therefore, all the wealth and glory that God has taken from our father also belongs to us and to our children. So, you should do whatever God has told you to do!’
17 Well at that, Jacob got up and mounted his women and children on their camels, 18 along with all the possessions and provisions he had obtained in MesoPotamia and all [the servants and animals] that belonged to him, so he could return to his father (IsaAc) in the land of CanaAn, 19 as Laban was off shearing his sheep.
20 Jacob didn’t let Laban the Syrian know that he was running away… 21 he and all who were his just left, crossing the river and traveling on to Mount GileAd.
22 Well, it was three days later that Laban the Syrian was finally told that Jacob was gone. 23 So he gathered his brothers and he chased after them, catching up with them after seven days at Mount GileAd. 24 However, God came to Laban the Syrian in his sleep that night and said to him:
25 So when Laban caught up with Jacob (Jacob had pitched his tent on the mountain, and Laban had stationed his brothers all around the mountain), 26 he asked Jacob:
‘What have you done… why did you run away secretly, then steal from me and use swords to take my daughters as captives? 27 If you had just told me first, I would have happily sent you away with singing, tambourines, and harps! 28 Didn’t you consider me worthy to hug my children and my daughters before you did such a foolish thing?
29 ‘And now, though I have enough power in my hands to harm you; the God of your father spoke to me yesterday and said, Be very careful to never say anything bad about Jacob. 30 So, go on, because you really wanted to return to the house of your father.
‘[I left secretly] because I was afraid that you would take your daughters and all my possessions away from me!’
‘But, whoever you find that has [stolen] your gods won’t [be allowed to] live in the presence of our family. Just look around for anything I might have that is yours and take it back!’
[Well, Laban searched], but he couldn’t find anything (Jacob didn’t realize that his woman RachEl had stolen [the idols]). 33 Laban went in and searched LeAh’s tent, then Jacob’s tent, and then the tent of the two female servants, and he found nothing. Lastly, he entered RachEl’s tent. 34 However, RachEl had hidden the idols among the camel’s packs and she was sitting on them. 35 [And when her father asked to check her camel], she told him:
Well, Laban searched throughout the [camp] and he couldn’t find the idols, 36 which made Jacob very angry; so he argued with Laban and asked him:
‘What wrong have I done to you and what is my sin that caused you to chase after me 37 and then search all the furnishings in my [tents]? What have you found [that ] came from your home? Lay it out here between your relatives and mine, and let them decide!
38 ‘I’ve been with you for twenty years, and during all that time, your sheep and nanny goats didn’t fail to give birth… and I didn’t eat any of the rams from your herds. 39 All that I ever took was the wild animals that I didn’t bring to you. I [even paid] for anything that was stolen during the day or night, 40 as I was dried out with the heat of the day, [chilled] by frost in the night… and I seldom ever got much sleep!
41 ‘During those twenty years that I stayed in your house, I served you for fourteen years for your two daughters. [Then I spent the next] six years among your sheep… just to have you fraudulently set my wages as ten lambs! 42 So, if it weren’t for the God of my father AbraHam and for the fact that [you’re] afraid of IsaAc’s [God], you would have even sent me away empty-handed!
‘Yet, it was because God saw how I was humiliated and how hard I’ve worked for you, that He [scolded you] last night!’
‘These are my daughters and my sons… yes, the cattle are mine, and everything that you see belongs to my daughters and me! But, what should I do to them today, or to their children? 44 Come on; let’s conclude a treaty between you and me that will serve as a witness between us. And though nobody else is here, {Look!} God will serve as the witness between you and me.’
45 So then, Jacob found a [large] stone and he erected it as a pillar. 46 And Jacob told his family to gather some stones. So they brought stones and made a pile; then they [shared bread] on top of the pile.
47 So, Laban called it ‘The [Stone] Pile of Testimony,’ while Jacob referred to it as ‘The Witness [Stone] Pile.'
‘Look at this pile and pillar that I’ve erected between you and me… this Witness [Stone] Pile and this [Stone] Pile of Testimony. We will call them, the [Stone] Pile Witnesses.’
‘May God keep watch over you and me, because we are about to leave each other. 50 But, if you should humble my daughters by taking other women in addition to them, you will see that someone who is with us is watching… for God is the witness between you and me.’
‘Look! This pile of stones and this pillar are the witnesses 52 that I won’t come beyond this pillar to do anything bad to you, and you won’t come [beyond this pillar] to me. 53 May the God of AbraHam and the God of NaHor judge between us!’
Then Jacob swore by the fear of his father IsaAc, 54 and he offered a sacrifice on the mountain. He called his family together and they ate and drank, then they all went to sleep on the mountain. 55 And when Laban got up in the morning, he kissed his daughters and [their] sons and blest them, and then Laban turned around and went back to his home.
1 Well, just as Jacob [was about to] continue on his journey, he looked up and he saw the camp of the army of God, and a messenger of God [coming to] meet him. 2 So when Jacob saw this, he said:
3 Then Jacob sent messengers ahead of him to his brother Esau in the land of Seir and the country of the Edomites. 4 He told them to say to Esau:
‘Lord, this is what your servant Jacob has said: I have visited with Laban and stayed there until now. 5 And [during this time], oxen, burros, sheep, and male and female servants were born to me. Now I’ve sent [my messengers] to beg you, my lord Esau, to help your servant find favor in your eyes.’
7 Well, Jacob was upset and terrified by this. So he divided the people that were with him, as well as the cattle, camels, and sheep, into two camps. 8 And Jacob said:
‘O Jehovah, the God of my father AbraHam and the God of my father IsaAc… You’re the One who told me to get up and return to the land where I was born, and that You would treat me well. 10 So, please remember all the justice and truth that You’ve brought about through Your servant.
‘Now, with this walking stick of mine, I have crossed the JorDan [River] divided into two camps. 11 So, please save me from the hands of my brother – from the hands of Esau – because I’m afraid of him, since [he may] enjoy coming here to strike me down with the mothers and the children. 12 [Don't forget that] you told me that You will treat me well and make my seed as the sands of the seas… so many that they can’t be counted.’
13 Well, after sleeping there that night, [Jacob selected] gifts to be carried to his brother Esau. 14 [He sent] two hundred nanny goats, twenty billy goats, two hundred sheep, twenty rams, 15 thirty milk camels and their foals, forty cows, ten bulls, twenty burros, and ten colts. 16 He gave them to his servants and said to them:
‘If you meet my brother Esau, and he asks, Who sent you, where are you headed, and whose animals are [being herded] in front of you? 18 you should say, [We were sent by] your servant Jacob. He is sending these as gifts to his lord Esau… {Look!} he’s [traveling] behind us.’
19 Then he gave the same instructions to the second group and then to the third… to everyone who traveled ahead of him (following the herds). He said:
‘This is what you should tell Esau when you find him… 20 Look! Your servant Jacob is following behind us. For I want to impress Esau with the gifts that [are being sent] ahead of me, so I can see him face to face and hope that he will accept me.’
22 But then, during the night, he got up and took his two women, the two female servants, and his eleven children, and they all crossed the Jaboch River… 23 he led them and all his possessions through that raging river.
24 It was there that, while Jacob was all by himself, a man came and wrestled with him until the next morning. 25 [And when the man] saw that he wasn’t going to win, he touched the upper part of Jacob’s thigh, which became numb as they wrestled. 26 Then [the man] told [Jacob]:
31 Well, the sun was up by the time he left PeniEl (the place where he had been stopped by his thigh). 32 And this is why, to this very day, the children of IsraEl will never eat the part of meat that is on the thigh… because, that was the place on Jacob’s thigh that [God’s messenger] had numbed.
1 Well, when Jacob looked up, {Look!} he saw his brother Esau coming with four hundred men. So Jacob divided the children between LeAh, RachEl, and the two female servants. 2 Then he put the two female servants and their children out in front, followed by LeAh and her children, then RachEl, and [finally, himself] at the rear… 3 but then Jacob stepped out ahead of them all and bowed to the ground seven times, as he approached his brother.
4 Well at that, Esau ran up to meet him! He hugged him, fell around his neck and kissed him… and they both started crying.
6 Then the female servants and their children came up and bowed low, 7 followed by LeAh and her children who also came up and bowed low. And finally RachEl [arrived] and bowed down next to JoSeph.
‘If I’ve found favor in your eyes, take the gifts from my hands; for seeing your face is like seeing the face of God. If you are happy with me, 11 take the blessings that I’ve brought to you, because God has been merciful to me, and I have everything.’
‘My lord; You know that the children are frail, and the flocks and herds that I’ve brought also have [many] young ones. So if I drive them hard today, these cattle will die. 14 Therefore, my lord; go on ahead of your servant… I’ll take it easy along the way, so [I’ll have] enough strength [to make the long journey] that’s still ahead of me, and so that the children will have enough strength. Then I will [meet up with] my lord at Seir.’
16 So Esau returned to Seir that day, 17 and Jacob returned to the tents that he had set up to live in… and he also built pens for his cattle. So he named that place, SucCoth (The Pens).
18 Finally, Jacob arrived at Salem (Shechem’s city) in the land of CanaAn after traveling all the way from MesoPotamia of Syria. So he went to [the city gate] 19 and bought the field where he had pitched his tent from Hamor (the father of Shechem) for a hundred lambs. 20 And there he erected an altar, where he called upon his (IsraEl’s) God.
1 Well, DinAh, the daughter that LeAh bore to Jacob, went to see the daughters of the local people. 2 And Shechem, the son of Hamor the Tent Dweller (and the ruler of the land), noticed her. Then he humiliated her by taking her and [having sex] with her. 3 Yet, he was deeply drawn to the person of DinAh, Jacob’s daughter… he loved the girl and spoke kindly to her. 4 So Shechem told his father Hamor:
5 Well, when Jacob heard that Hamor’s son had violated his daughter DinAh, he sent for his sons who were out in the fields with his cattle. And Jacob didn’t say a word until they all got there.
6 Then Hamor, Shechem’s father, went over to talk to Jacob, 7 arriving just as Jacob’s sons were returning from the fields.
Well, when [Jacob’s sons] heard [what had happened], they were very upset. It really hurt them, because he’d made a joke of IsraEl by [having sex] with Jacob’s daughter… it just shouldn’t have happened.
‘My son Shechem has decided in his heart to marry your daughter. So, give her to him to be his woman… 9 come and marry among us. Give us your daughters, and take our daughters for your sons… 10 come live among us! Look, there’s plenty of room for you, so live here in this land… trade [with us] and prosper here!’
‘I’ll do whatever I must to find your favor, and we’ll give you whatever you ask. 12 Raise the bride price several times and I’ll pay whatever you say. Just give me this girl to be my woman!’
13 However, Jacob’s sons answered Shechem and his father Hamor cunningly, because he had violated their sister DinAh. 14 DinAh’s brothers (SimeOn and Levi) said to them:
‘We won’t be able to give our sister to someone who isn’t circumcised, because that would dishonor us. 15 The only way we can do what you say and live among you, is if you will become as we are… all your males must be circumcised. 16 Then we will give our daughters to you and take your daughters as our women and live with you as one race. 17 But if you refuse to listen and won’t get circumcised, we will just take our [sister] and leave.’
18 Well, what they said was agreeable to Hamor and his son Shechem. 19 And the young man didn’t delay when it came to doing this thing, because he was really attached to Jacob’s daughter. He was indeed the most honorable person in his father’s house.
20 So then, Hamor and his son Shechem walked out to the city gate and they said to the men who were there:
21 ‘These are peaceable people, so let them live with us here in our land and trade in it. Look! There’s a lot of land before them; so, we will take their daughters to be our women and we’ll give them our daughters. 22 The only thing that they require to live among us as one people, is that all our males must be circumcised, just as they are circumcised. 23 And then, won’t their cattle, their herds, and their possessions be ours? So, let’s do what they say and then they will live among us!’
24 Well, everyone who was there at the city gate listened to Hamor and his son Shechem, and thereafter, the foreskins of all the males were circumcised. 25 But on the third day, while they were all aching in pain, Jacob’s two sons (DinAh’s brothers, SimeOn and Levi) each took their swords and crept into the city, then they killed every male… 26 they killed Hamor and his son Shechem with their swords, and then they took DinAh from Shechem’s house and left.
27 Then when Jacob’s [other] sons came upon those who were wounded, they ravaged the city where DinAh (their sister) had been violated… 28 they took all the sheep, oxen, burros, and everything in the city, as well as everything that was in their fields. 29 Then they took all the people as captives (all their provisions and all their women) and they looted whatever was left in their city and in their homes.
‘You have made me an evil and hated [person] among the people who live in this land… all the CanaAnites and the Pherezites. And now, since there are only a few of us, they will band against me and cut me to pieces, destroying both me and my house!’
‘You must get up and go to the place [you named] BethEl, and live there. And then you must build an altar to the God that appeared to you there when you were running from your brother Esau.’
‘You must get rid of any strange gods that you may have, then wash yourselves, change your clothes, 3 and get ready, because we’re going up to BethEl, where we will build an altar to the God who listened to me, was with me, and kept me safe through my journeys and trials.’
4 So they gave Jacob all the strange gods that they owned and the earrings in their ears; and Jacob buried [these things] under a turpentine tree at Shechem, where they’ve remained destroyed down to this day.
5 Then IsraEl left Shechem, and because the cities around them had the fear of The God in them, they didn’t chase after the children of IsraEl.
6 Well, Jacob and all the people that were with him finally arrived at Luza in the land of CanaAn, which [he had earlier named] BethEl; 7 for it was there that he had built an altar and called it ‘the House of God,’ since that’s the place where God appeared to him as he was running from his brother Esau.
8 Well, thereafter, RebecKa’s nurse DeborAh died, and she was buried under an oak tree in BethEl that Jacob then named, AlLon-BaCuth (Oak Tree of Mourning).
9 It was at Luza that God appeared to Jacob as he was on his way back from MesoPotamia of Syria, and that’s when God blest him 10 and told him:
‘I am your God, so prosper and grow… nations and groups of nations will descend from you, and kings will come from your loins. 12 I will now give this land to you that I gave to AbraHam and IsaAc, as well as to the seed that descends from you.’
13 Then The God left him there in that place where He spoke to him. 14 And Jacob erected a [stone] pillar [to honor] the place where he had been spoken to by God, pouring a drink offering and oil upon it. 15 And that’s when Jacob actually named this place where God spoke to him, BethEl (House of God).
16 [Well, after DeborAh died], Jacob left BethEl and pitched his tent beyond the tower of Gader. And as they were getting close to ChabRatha, on their way to EphRatha, RachEl had birth pains and then she went into hard labor. 17 And it was while she was in hard labor that the midwife told her, ‘Don’t worry, you’re going to have this son!’
18 Then, as she was giving up her life (she was dying), she named him BenOni (Son of My Pain). However, his father named him BenJamin (Son of My Right Hand).
19 So RachEl died there and was buried along the road to EphRatha (BethLehem). 20 And Jacob erected a pillar over her tomb, [which is referred to as] The Pillar of RachEl’s Tomb to this day.
21 It was while IsraEl was living in this land that ReuBen went and [had sex] with BalLa, his father’s (Jacob’s) concubine. And when IsraEl heard about this, it really upset him.
22 Now, there were twelve sons of Jacob. 23 The sons of LeAh were Jacob’s first-born ReuBen, then SimeOn, Levi, Judah, IshSachar, and ZebuLon. 24 The sons of RachEl were JoSeph and BenJamin. 25 The sons of BalLa (RachEl’s handmaid) were Dan and NaphTali. 26 And the sons of ZelPha (Leah’s handmaid) were Gad and Asher. These sons were born to Jacob in MesoPotamia of Syria.
27 Then Jacob returned to his father IsaAc in MamRe, to a city of the plains [called] Hebron (in the land of CanaAn), where AbraHam and IsaAc had stayed. 28 For IsaAc had lived a hundred and eighty years 29 before he stopped breathing and died. Then his sons Esau and Jacob buried him beside his family, after he had lived a long and full life.
2 Esau took these women from the daughters of theCanaAnites: There was Ada (the daughter of AiLom the Kettite), OliBema (the daughter of Ana [who was] the son of SebeGon the Hivite), 3 and BaseMath (the daughter of IshMaEl and the sister of NabaiOth).
4 Ada bore EliPhas to [Esau], BaseMath bore RaguEl, 5 and OliBema bore Jeus, Jeglom, and Core. These were Esau’s sons that were born to him in the land of CanaAn.
6 Then Esau took his women, his sons, his daughters, and everyone in his house, along with all his possessions, all his cattle… yes, everything that he had and absolutely everything that he’d acquired in the land of CanaAn, and he left the land of CanaAn [to get away from] his brother Jacob, 7 because they had both acquired so much that they could no longer live close to each other; for the land where they were staying couldn’t hold them, since they had so much. 8 So Esau [went to live] at Mount Seir (Esau is Edom).
9 These are the generations of Esau, the father of the Edomites, when [he lived at] Mount Seir, 10 and these are the names of Esau’s [grand]sons through EliPhas (Ada’s son) and RaguEl (BaseMath’s son).
11 The [grand]sons of Ada through EliPhas were ThaEman, Omar, Sophar, Gothom, and Kenez. 12 Also, ThamNa (EliPhas’ concubine) bore Amalec to him.
14 These are the sons of Esau’s woman OliBema (the daughter of Ana, who was the son of SebeGon): She bore JeUs, JegLom, and CoRe to Esau.
15 These are the chiefs of EliPhas, the first-born of Esau: Chief ThaEman, Chief Omar, Chief Sophar, Chief Kenez, 16 Chief CoRe, Chief Gothom, and Chief Amalec. They are the chiefs of [the family of] EliPhas (the sons of Ada), in the land of Edom.
17 And these are the chiefs of RaguEl, the son of Esau: Chief NachOth, Chief ZaRe, Chief SoMe, and Chief MoZe. They are the chiefs of [the family of] RaguEl (the sons of BaseMath) in the land of Edom.
18 And these are the chiefs of OliBema (the daughter of Ana), Esau’s woman: Chief JeUs, Chief JegLom, and Chief CoRe.
22 The sons of LoTan and his sister ThamNa were ChorRhi and HaEman. 23 The sons of SoBal were GoLam, ManaChath, GaEbel, Sophar, and Omar. 24 The sons of SebeGon were Aie, and Ana (this is the same Ana who found Jamin in the desert when he was tending his father SebeGon’s animals).
26 DeSon’s sons were Amada, AsBan, IthRan, and CharRhan. 27 Asar’s sons were BalaAm, ZuCam, and JuCam. 28 Rison’s sons were Hos, and Aran.
Chief LoTan, Chief SoBal, Chief SebeGon, Chief Ana, 30 Chief DeSon, Chief Asar, and Chief Rison. They are the chiefs of the ChorRites in their own principalities in the land of Edom.
32 Balac (the son of Beor) reigned in Edom, and his [capital] city was DenNaba. 33 After Balac died, Jobab (the son of Zara from BosorRha) reigned in his stead. 34 After Jobab died, Asom (from the land of the ThaEmanites) reigned in his stead. 35 After Asom died, Adad (the son of Barad, who cut off Midian in the plain of Moab) reigned in his stead. And his [capital] city was GetThaim.
36 After Adad died, SaMada of MasSecca reigned in his stead. 37 After SaMada died, Saul of RhoObOth by the River reigned in his stead. 38 After Saul died, BalLenon (the son of AchObor) reigned in his stead. 39 After BalLenon died, Arad (the son of Barad) reigned in his stead. The name of his [capital] city was Phogor, and the name of his woman was MeteBeel (the daughter of MatraIth, who was the son of MaiZoOb).
Chief ThamNa, Chief Gola, Chief Jether, 41 Chief OliBema, Chief Helas, Chief Phinon, 42 Chief Kenez, Chief ThaEman, Chief Mazar, 43 Chief MagediEl, and Chief Zaphoin. They are the chiefs of Edom in the areas where they live and in the lands that they own. And this is Esau, the father of [all] Edom.
2 When JoSeph was seventeen years old (and because he was so young), he was accompanied by his brothers (the sons of his father’s women BalLa and ZelPha) as he grazed the sheep. And [at the time], they had been speaking of their father IsraEl in an evil way because of JoSeph, 3 since Jacob loved JoSeph more than the rest of his sons (he was the son of his old age). And because [Jacob] had just made a multi-colored coat for him, 4 his brothers could see that their father loved him more, so they hated him and they never spoke to him in a peaceful way.
5 Then JoSeph had a dream, and he told his brothers about it. 6 He said, ‘Listen to what I dreamed: 7 I saw you bundling stalks of grain in the middle of the field; and then suddenly my bundle stood straight up, and your bundles turned around and bowed low before mine.’
‘What kind of a dream is that? Do you think that your mother, brothers, and I will come and bow to the ground before you?’
11 Nevertheless, although his brothers were jealous of him, his father still paid attention to the things that he was saying.
12 Well, one day, JoSeph's brothers went to Shechem to graze their father’s sheep. 13 And IsraEl said to JoSeph:
So JoSeph went after his brothers, and he found them in Dothaim. 18 However, they had spotted him in the distance before he got there, so they got together and wickedly started talking about killing him. 19 They were saying to each other:
‘Look, here comes the dreamer! 20 Come on, let’s kill him and then throw his [body] into a ravine. We can say, An evil wild animal ate him… then let’s see what his dreams amount to.’
21 But when ReuBen heard this, he saved [JoSeph] from them by saying, ‘Let’s not kill him.’ 22 Then [he suggested]:
‘Don’t shed [his] blood; let’s throw him into one of these deep crevices in the desert… but don’t lay a hand on him.’
23 Well, when JoSeph reached his brothers, they took off the multi-colored coat that he was wearing, 24 then they threw him into a deep crevice that was empty and didn’t have any water. 25 And after that, they sat down to eat some bread.
Thereafter, when they looked up, they noticed {Look!} an IshMaElite caravan that was coming from GileAd (their camels were loaded down with spices, resin, and myrrh that they were carrying to Egypt). 26 And Judah said to his brothers:
‘What profit would it bring us if we kill our brother and just cover it up? 27 Let’s sell him to these IshMaElites instead. We don’t want to lay a hand on him, because he’s our brother and our own flesh.’
Well, his brothers listened to this; 28 so as the merchants of Midian were traveling by, [his brothers] pulled JoSeph out of the crevice and sold him to the IshMaElites for twenty gold coins… and [the IshMaElites] took JoSeph [with them] down to Egypt.
29 Then, when ReuBen later returned to the crevice and saw that JoSeph wasn’t there, he started ripping his clothes. 30 So he went to his brothers and said:
31 Well after that, the men killed a young goat and dipped JoSeph’s coat in its blood. 32 Then they took JoSeph's multi-colored coat to their father and said:
‘It is my son’s coat! An evil wild animal has surely eaten him… a wild animal has carried off JoSeph!’
33 Then Jacob tore his clothes and covered the lower part of his body with sackcloth; and thereafter, he spent a long time mourning over his son. 34 Although all of his sons and daughters went there to comfort him, he didn’t want to be comforted. He said:
35 Well, when they got to Egypt, the Midianites sold JoSeph to Potiphar, Pharaoh’s councilor and captain of the guard.
1 [Well, after all of this had happened], Judah left his brothers and he traveled for some distance, arriving [at the home] of an OdolLamite named Iras. 2 And while he was there, Judah found the daughter of a CanaAnite man named Sava. He took her [as his woman] and [slept] with her, 3 and she got pregnant. Then she gave birth to a son whom she named Er. 4 And after that, she got pregnant again and gave birth to a son whom she named AuNan. 5 Then she gave birth to a [third] son whom she named SeLom (she was living in Chasbi when she gave birth to them).
6 [Well, sometime later], Judah took a woman named Tamar to be the wife of his first-born son, Er. 7 But Er was wicked before Jehovah, so God killed him. 8 Then Judah told Aunan:
‘You must go and [have sex] with your brother’s woman… since you’re her brother-in-law, you must take her so [she can] raise a seed for your brother.’
9 However, Aunan knew that the seed wouldn’t be [counted as] his. So when he [had sex with] his brother’s woman, he spilled [his semen] on the ground, so his brother’s woman wouldn’t [get pregnant]. 10 And his doing this appeared evil to God, so He killed him also.
‘Live as a widow in your father’s house until my son SeLom grows up… for I don’t want him to die like his brothers.’
12 Well, after several years, Judah’s woman Sava died. So while Judah was looking for comfort, he went to see his sheep shearers at ThamNa, along with his Shepherd, Iras the OdolLamite. 13 And when his daughter-in-law Tamar was told, ‘{Look!} Your father-in-law is going up to ThamNa to shear his sheep,’ 14 she took off her widow’s clothes, put on a veil and made up her face, and she went to sit by the gate of [the town of] AiNan, along the road that leads to ThamNa. She did this because [Judah’s son] Selom had already grown up and [Judah] hadn’t given [Tamar] to be his son’s woman.
15 Well, when Judah saw her, he thought she was a prostitute, because she had her face covered and he didn’t recognize her. 16 So he stopped and said to her (not knowing that she was his daughter-in-law):
So he gave them to her, [had sex with] her, and she got pregnant by him. 19 Then she got up and took off her veil, put her widow’s clothes back on, and left that place.
20 Well later, Judah sent the young goat with his shepherd (the OdolLamite), to get back the things that he had left with the woman… but he couldn’t find her. 21 So he asked the local men:
‘Let her have [those things]. Although I sent the young goat, you couldn’t find her; so let’s not leave ourselves open to ridicule.’
‘I’m pregnant by the man who owns these things… just whose ring, bracelet, and walking stick are these?’
27 Then when she went into labor, it was found that she had twins in her womb. 28 And as they were being born, one pushed his hand out. So the midwife took hold of the hand and tied some scarlet [thread around it], and said:
30 It was then that his brother (around whose hand the scarlet thread was tied) was born. And she named him Zara (Scarlet).
1 Meanwhile, JoSeph was down in Egypt, where he had been bought by an Egyptian named Potiphar (Pharaoh’s councilor and captain of the guard). He had bought him from the IshMaElites who had carried him there.
2 But Jehovah was with JoSeph and He blest him as he was living in the house of his Egyptian master. 3 Even [Potiphar] recognized that Jehovah was with [JoSeph] and that He was blessing everything he did; 4 so JoSeph was treated kindly by him, and [JoSeph did everything he could to] please his master well.
Then before long, the man put JoSeph in charge of his whole house… he was appointed to be in charge of everything that [his master] owned. 5 And because he put JoSeph in charge of his house and over everything that he owned, Jehovah blest the Egyptian’s house for JoSeph’s sake. He blest everything that the man had in his house and in his fields, 6 because he had entrusted everything he owned into JoSeph’s hands. So the man didn’t even know what belonged to him, other than the bread that he ate.
Well, JoSeph was extremely attractive… he had an excellent body and a very handsome face. 7 And so, after he had been [put in charge of the house], his master’s woman eyed JoSeph and said:
‘Look, it’s because of me that my master doesn’t even know what’s going on in his own house! He has put everything that he owns into my hands. 9 Nobody in this house is over me, nor has anything been withheld from me, except you… and you’re his woman! So, how could I do such a wicked thing and sin against God?’
10 Still, she pleaded with JoSeph every day… but he wouldn’t listen to her requests to sleep with her.
11 Then one day, as JoSeph entered the house to do his work, he found that none of the household staff was around. 12 That’s when she grabbed him by his clothes and said:
13 Well, when she saw that he had left his clothes in her hands and ran away, 14 the woman called [the family in] and said:
‘You see; He has brought in a Hebrew slave to make fun of us! Why, he came in and told me that he wanted to have sex with me, but I screamed. 15 And when he heard me scream, he left his clothes here and ran out of the house!’
‘This Hebrew servant that you brought to us came here to make fun of me! He said to me, I’m going to [have sex] you. 18 But after he heard me scream, he left his clothes with me and ran out of the house.’
20 And because he was so angry, his master took JoSeph and had him thrown in prison… into the place where the king’s prisoners were kept.
21 Nevertheless, Jehovah was with JoSeph and He was very merciful to him. So He helped him find favor in the eyes of the prison’s warden. 22 Therefore, the warden put JoSeph in charge of the prison along with all the prisoners who were there and everything that they did. 23 So the warden was unaware of what was going on there, because everything was in JoSeph’s hands. And Jehovah continued to bless everything that he was doing.
1 It was some time after this that the king’s chief cupbearer and his chief baker had wronged their lord, the king of Egypt. 2 Pharaoh was furious with his two eunuchs (his chief cupbearer and his chief baker), 3 so he had them locked up in prison… in the same place where JoSeph was kept, 4 and the prison warden left them with JoSeph, who was to guard them.
Well, after they had spent some time in the prison, 5 they both had a dream one night. Each man had his own dream and each dream had its own interpretation.
6 Then the next morning when JoSeph went in to see them, they were both quite disturbed. 7 So he asked Pharaoh’s eunuchs (who were there in the prison with him):
‘In my dream [I saw] a vine 10 that had three stems which budded and put out blossoms; then [it formed] clusters of grapes that ripened. 11 Then after that, [I found] Pharaoh’s cup in my hands. So I took the grapes and squeezed them into the cup, and then I gave the cup to Pharaoh.’
‘This is what [the dream] means: The three stems are three days. 13 So in three days, Pharaoh will remember what you did and he will give you back your position as chief cupbearer. Therefore, you will [once again] put Pharaoh’s cup in his hands, holding the same high position that you once had as his cupbearer.’
‘Now, remember me when things are going well for you… be merciful to me and mention me to Pharaoh, so that I can be released from this dungeon. 15 You see; I was stolen from the land of the Hebrews. And though I’ve done nothing wrong here, I was thrown into this hole.’
16 Well, when the chief baker saw that he’d given [the first man] the right interpretation, he said to JoSeph:
‘I also had a dream. I remember looking up, and I found three baskets of bakery goods on top of my head. 17 In the top basket, there were all the kinds of things that Pharaoh enjoys. But birds in the sky came and ate them out of the basket that was on my head.’
‘This is what it means: The three baskets are three days. 19 So in three days, Pharaoh will cut off your head and hang you on a tree, where the birds of the sky will eat your flesh.’
20 Well, three days later, it was Pharaoh’s birthday when he held a banquet for all his servants. It was then that he remembered the offices that the cupbearer and the baker once held among them. 21 So he restored the chief cupbearer to his office, and once again he put Pharaoh’s cup into his hands. 22 However, he hanged the chief baker, just as JoSeph foretold. 23 But then, the chief cupbearer soon forgot about JoSeph.
1 It was a full two years later that Pharaoh (likely AmenemHat 1) also had a dream. He dreamed that he was standing next to a river, 2 then {Look!} he saw seven fat and good-looking cows come up out of the water to feed at the river’s edge. 3 And after that, seven more cows, which were skinny and ugly, came up out of the river to feed along its banks. 4 Then the seven skinny, ugly cows ate the seven fat and good-looking cows… and that’s when Pharaoh woke up.
5 Then he had another dream. {Look!} There were seven large and good-looking [heads] of grain that grew on a single stalk. 6 And {Look!} they were followed by [a stalk] with seven thin and windblown [heads] that grew up alongside them. 7 Then the [stalk] with the seven thin and windblown [heads] ate the ones with the seven large, good-looking [heads]… and that’s when Pharaoh woke up… and it was just a dream.
8 Well the next morning, he was deeply disturbed [by the dreams], so he sent for all the [dream] interpreters of Egypt and all the wise men. Pharaoh told them of his dreams, but no one could tell him what they meant. 9 And that’s when Pharaoh’s chief cupbearer told him:
‘I just remembered something that I’m responsible for. 10 [You were once] quite angry with your servants and you had us imprisoned in the house of the captain of the guard… both the chief baker and me. 11 Each of us had a dream in that same night (both him and me)… but we each had our own dream. 12 And there was a young man with us, a Hebrew servant of the captain of the guard, to whom we told [our dreams], and he interpreted [them] to us. 13 Well, everything that he said would happen, came true… I was restored to my office and [the baker] was hanged.’
14 So Pharaoh sent for JoSeph… they took him from the prison, shaved him and changed his clothes; then he went in to Pharaoh. 15 And Pharaoh said to JoSeph:
‘I had a vision that no one can interpret, and I’ve heard that you have listened to dreams and interpreted them.’
‘In my dream, I was standing by the bank of the river. 18 Then out of the river came seven fat and good-looking cows that fed along the river’s edge. 19 And after that, {Look!} seven more cows came up out of the river that were evil, skinny, and ugly… I’ve never seen worse in the entire land of Egypt. 20 Then the seven skinny, ugly cows ate the seven fat and good-looking cows… 21 they swallowed them down whole; yet, I couldn’t see that they had gone into their stomachs, because they still looked as ugly as they did before.
‘And after I woke up, I went to sleep again. 22 Then I saw what looked like seven large, good-looking [heads] of grain growing from a single stalk. 23 And [after that, I saw] seven more [heads] that were thin and windblown, coming up next to them. 24 Then the seven thin and wind-blown [heads] ate the seven large, good-looking [heads]. Now, I told all this to the [dream] interpreters, but none of them could explain it to me.’
26 ‘The seven good-looking cows mean seven years, and the seven good-looking [grain heads] mean seven years… so Pharaoh’s dreams are both the same! 27 Also, the seven skinny cattle that came up after them mean seven years, and the seven thin and windblown [heads] mean seven years… therefore, there will be seven years of famine.
28 ‘Now, what I’m telling Pharaoh is that it’s God’s purpose to show you what He’s going to do. 29 And look! Seven years are coming when there will be a great abundance throughout the land of Egypt; 30 but they will be followed by seven years of famine, which will be so bad that the abundance Egypt had will be forgotten, and famine will consume the land. 31 Yes, the abundance in the land will be gone because of the famine that will follow, since it’s going to be an extremely bad time. 32 And the fact that Pharaoh saw the dream twice, proves that the things I’m telling you (which will come from The God) are true; for God will cause it to happen very soon!
33 ‘Therefore, search for a wise and discerning man, and put him in charge over the land of Egypt. 34 Also, Pharaoh should appoint local governors over the land who must collect a fifth of all the produce in the land of Egypt during the seven abundant years. 35 They must gather all the food that will come in during the seven good years, and have all the grain gathered into the hands of Pharaoh… and you must store the food in each city. 36 This stored food will then [protect] the land during the seven years of famine that are coming upon Egypt, so [the country] won’t be totally destroyed by the famine.’
37 Well, what [JoSeph] said appeared good to Pharaoh and to all of his servants. 38 So [he] asked his servants:
‘Since God has shown all of these things to you; is there a man who is wiser or more discerning than you? 40 I’ll appoint you to be over my house, and then all of my people must do whatever you say… only I will be greater than you on the throne.’
42 And at that, Pharaoh took the ring off of his hand and put it on JoSeph’s hand, [he had him dressed in] a robe of fine linen, and put a gold chain around his neck. 43 Then he mounted [JoSeph] on his second-best chariot and had a herald walk in front of him to proclaim that [JoSeph] had been appointed over the whole land of Egypt.
‘Although I am the Pharaoh; nobody will lift his hand anywhere in the land of Egypt without [your permission].’
45 Thereafter, Pharaoh started calling JoSeph the Savior of the Age, and he gave him Asenath, the daughter of Petephre, the priest of HelioPolis (Greek for City of the Sun), to be his woman.
So thereafter, JoSeph left the presence of Pharaoh and he traveled throughout the entire the land of Egypt.
47 Well, the land did in fact produce well during the seven years of abundance… by the heaping handfuls. 48 So during those seven years he gathered much food, because there was such abundance in the land, and he stored it away in each of the cities. He took the food that grew in the fields around each city and stored it in them. 49 so the grain that JoSeph stored away became like the sands of the seas… so much that it couldn’t be calculated.
50 Meanwhile, JoSeph had two sons born to him prior to the seven years of famine, by Asenath (the daughter of Petephre, the priest of HelioPolis). 51 And JoSeph named his firstborn ManasSeh (Forgotten), for he said:
53 Well, the seven years of abundance in the land of Egypt soon passed, 54 and then the seven years of famine began, just as JoSeph had said. However, though there was a famine throughout the entire earth, there was plenty [in Egypt]. 55 Then, when the people of Egypt got hungry, they called out to Pharaoh for bread, and Pharaoh said to [them]:
56 Well, before long, the famine covered the entire earth; so JoSeph opened all the granaries and sold [the stored grain] to the Egyptians. 57 Then all the countries roundabout started coming to Egypt to buy [food] from JoSeph, because the famine had become [so widespread].
‘Why don’t you do something? 2 Look; I’ve heard that there is grain in Egypt. Go there and buy us a little food, so we don’t starve to death.’
3 Therefore, JoSeph’s ten brothers went down to Egypt to purchase grain. 4 However, JoSeph’s brother BenJamin wasn’t sent along with his brothers, ‘So he doesn’t get sick,’ Jacob said.
5 Of course, the Sons of IsraEl [traveled along with] many others to buy [grain], because the famine had affected the entire land of CanaAn.
6 Well, since JoSeph was the ruler of the land, he’s the one who sold [food] to all the people who were coming from these lands; so JoSeph’s brothers came to him and had to bow with their faces to the ground before him. 7 But when JoSeph saw his brothers (because he recognized them), he hid himself in front of them and spoke harshly to them, asking:
8 Well, although JoSeph recognized his brothers, they didn’t recognize him. 9 Then JoSeph remembered his dreams and the things that he saw, and he said to them:
‘No Sir; we’re just your servants who have come to buy food! 11 We’re all the sons of one man and we are peace loving… your servants aren’t spies!’
‘Your servants were once twelve brothers from the land of CanaAn. The youngest [of us] is with our father right now… but the other one is no more.’
‘It’s just as I said; you’re spies! 15 Here’s how I will prove it: By the health of Pharaoh, you aren’t going to leave until your younger brother comes here. 16 One of you can go to get your brother, but the rest of you will stay in jail until what you’ve said can be [proven]… whether you’re telling the truth or not. And if not, then by the health of Pharaoh, you really are spies!’
‘Do this and you will live, because I fear the gods (gr. ton Theon): 19 If you really are peace loving, I’ll allow just one of your brothers to be held in jail. So now, go and carry the grain that you bought [back to your home]. 20 Then bring your younger brother to me, and I will believe what you said. But if you don’t, you will all die!’
‘Yes, we are to blame when it comes to our brother. We didn’t pay attention to the anguish that he was going through, and when he looked to us, we didn’t listen to him. That’s why this bad thing is happening to us!’
‘Didn’t I tell you not to harm the boy? But you wouldn’t listen to me! Now look… his blood is [being avenged]!’
23 However, they didn’t realize that JoSeph was standing right there in front of them, because an interpreter stood between them.
24 Well at that, JoSeph left them and started crying. Then he returned and spoke to them, and he took SimeOn and had him bound before their eyes.
25 And thereafter, JoSeph gave orders to fill their [sacks] with grain, and to return the money to each one’s sack before giving them permission to leave. And that’s what happened… 26 the grain was loaded on their burros, and then they left.
27 Well, when they stopped somewhere to rest, one of them opened his sack to feed the burros, and that’s when he saw his bundle of money lying in the top of his sack. 28 So he said to his brothers:
29 And when they got back to their father Jacob (in the land of CanaAn), they told him everything that had happened to them, saying:
30 ‘This man who is the lord of the land spoke harshly to us and had us put in jail as spies. 31 But we told him that we are peaceful men… we aren’t spies. 32 We said that we are twelve brothers, the sons of our father. One [of us] is no more, and the youngest is with our father today in the land of CanaAn. 33 However, this man who is the lord of the land said to us, Here’s how I will know that you are peaceful: Leave one of your brothers here with me and take the grain you bought, then return to your family 34 and bring your younger brother to me so I will know that you aren’t spies, but men of peace. Then you can have your brother back and you can trade in this land.
‘Now you’ve made me very sad, for JoSeph is no more and neither is SimeOn. So, are you going to take BenJamin away also? [Why have] all these [bad] things come upon me?’
‘You can kill my two sons if I don’t bring him back to you. Give him to me, and I’ll bring him back!’
‘I won’t allow my son to go with you, because his brother is already dead, and he’s the only one left. What if something happens to him on the way? This would bring such sorrow upon me in my old age that it would lead me to my grave.’
1 However, the famine continued in the land. 2 And so, after they had finished eating the grain that they’d brought from Egypt, their father told them:
‘That man who’s the lord of the land absolutely warned us, saying, You may not see my face again unless you have your younger brother with you. 4 So, if you’ll send our brother with us, we’ll go and buy you food. 5 But if you won’t send our brother with us, we won’t go.’
‘The man asked a lot of questions about our family. He asked, Is your father still alive? and, Do you have you a brother? All we did was answer his questions! How could we know that he would tell us to bring our brother?’
‘Send the boy with me and we’ll go… so we don’t all [starve] to death! 9 I’ll be responsible for him, and you can hold me to blame if anything happens to him. If I don’t return him and stand him before you, I will be guilty before you through the age. 10 If we hadn’t been delaying, we could could have already have gone there a second time!’
‘If that’s the case, then do this: Take along the fruit of the land in your sacks. Carry gifts of gum, honey, frankincense, oil of myrrh, turpentine, and walnuts to the man. 12 Also, carry twice as much money – in addition to the money that was put back in your sacks – just in case that was a mistake. 13 Then take your brother along and go down to the man. 14 May my God allow you to find favor in the eyes of that man, so he sends you home with your other brother and BenJamin. For I’ve been saddened, and I’m very sad now.’
15 So the men loaded up their gifts and took twice as much money, as well as BenJamin, and headed down to Egypt, where they soon stood before JoSeph.
16 Well, when JoSeph saw them and his brother BenJamin (who was born to the same mother), he told his house manager:
‘Bring the men into [my] house, then butcher some animals and prepare them, because these men are to eat bread with me at noon.’
‘We’ve been brought here because of the money that was returned to our sacks the first time. [This is being done] so witnesses can be called and we can be charged [with a crime]… then they will confiscate our burros and take us as slaves!’
19 So they went up to the man who was in charge of JoSeph’s house and spoke to him out on the porch. 20 They said:
‘We are begging you, sir… we just came the first time to buy food. 21 But, as we were unloading and opening our sacks, [we found] this money in each sack. We have the full amount of money in our hands [and we wish] to return it. 22 We’ve also brought more money along to buy food with… we don’t know who put the money in our sacks!’
‘May God be merciful with you. Don’t be afraid, for it was your God and the God of your ancestors who put the treasures in your sacks. I have enough of your good money!’
Then he brought SimeOn out to them… 24 as well as water to wash their feet and fodder for their burros.
25 And after that, they started preparing their gifts for JoSeph’s arrival at noon, because they heard that he was going to dine there. 26 So when JoSeph came home, they brought him the gifts that they had carried into the house… and then they bowed with their faces to the ground.
29 It was then that JoSeph looked up and saw his brother BenJamin (who was born to the same mother). And he asked:
30 Well, JoSeph’s emotions overcame him, because he missed his brother so much, and he wanted to cry. So he went to his inner room and cried there. 31 Then he washed his face and regained his composure, and came out and said:
32 So they set out bread for JoSeph, for his servants, and for the Egyptians who were eating with him, but not for [his brothers], because the Egyptians considered it dishonorable to eat bread with Hebrews. 33 They just sat there in front of him (in the order of their ages, from the firstborn to the youngest), as the brothers looked at each other in astonishment.
34 Thereafter, JoSeph gave them their portions to eat by themselves. However, BenJamin received five times as much as did the rest. They also drank with him until each one was full.
‘Now, fill the men’s sacks with as much food as they can carry, and put each one’s money in the top of his sack. 2 Also, put my silver cup in the sack that belongs to the youngest, along with the price of his grain.’
So, he did exactly as JoSeph said. 3 Then the next morning, the men and their burros were sent away.
4 Well, after they left the city (but before they had traveled very far), JoSeph said to his house manager:
‘Now, get up and chase after those men; and when you catch up with them, ask: Why have you returned evil for good… 5 why have you stolen my silver cup? Isn’t this the [cup] that our lord drinks from and the one that he uses to foretell the future? You’ve done an evil thing!’
‘Why is our lord saying such things? Your servants wouldn’t do anything like that. 8 If we returned the money to you that we found in our sacks all the way from the land of CanaAn, why would we steal silver or gold from the house of your lord? 9 May whichever of your servants that you find with the cup die, and then we will all be our lord’s slaves!’
‘May it be just as you’ve said. But just the one who is found with the cup will be my slave… the rest of you can go free.’
11 Then each man quickly took down his sack and put it on the ground, and opened their sacks. 12 Then the man began his search, starting from the eldest to the youngest… and he found the cup in BenJamin’s sack.
13 Well at that, they all started ripping their clothes. Then each man put his sack back on his burro, and they all returned to the city, 14 where Judah and his brothers went to see JoSeph, who was [still at home].
‘What can we say to you, our lord? What can we say that will justify us? God has uncovered the unrighteousness of your servants. Look! We’re now our lord’s slaves… both us and the one who was found with your cup!’
‘I wouldn’t do anything like that… just the man who was found with my cup will be my slave. [The rest of you] may return home safely to your father.’
‘I beg you, sir; Allow your servant to say something to you, and don’t get angry, because you are next to Pharaoh. 19 Sir, you once asked your servants whether we have a father or a brother. 20 And we replied, Yes Lord, we have a father who is an old man, and he has a young son of his old age. [Since this boy’s] brother is now dead, he’s the only one left who came from his mother, and his father loves him.
21 ‘Then you said to your servants: Bring him down here to me, and I will take care of him. 22 And we said to our lord, The child can’t leave his father, because if he leaves his father, [his father] will die. 23 But you told your servants: Unless your younger brother comes down with you, you won’t see my face again. 24 And so, when we went up to your servant our father, we told him what our lord said. 25 Then, when our father said, Return and buy a little food for us, 26 we said, We can’t return, unless our younger brother goes with us. We can go there, but we won’t be able to see the man unless we bring our younger brother along! 27 And your servant (our father) said to us: You know that my woman gave birth to two [sons] for me. 28 Now, one [of the two] is gone from me. For you told me that wild animals ate him, and I haven’t seen him since. 29 So, if you take this one away from me also and something should happen to him along the road, the sorrow will bring me to the grave in my old age.
30 ‘Therefore, if I should return to your servant (our father) and the boy doesn’t return with us (remember that his life depends on this [boy’s] life); 31 well, when he sees that the boy isn’t with us, he will die. And then your servants [will be responsible for] bringing your servant (our elderly father) to his grave in his sorrow. 32 For when I (your servant) took the boy from his father, I said, If I don’t return him to you and stand him before you, I will be guilty before my father through the age.
33 ‘Now, may I stay here as your slave instead of the boy. I will work in my lord’s house; but let the boy [return home] with his brothers. 34 For, how could I return to my father without the boy and cause evil things to happen to him?’
As the result, nobody [was there guarding] JoSeph when he told his brothers who he was… 2 and as he spoke, he was crying.
Well, soon all the Egyptians heard about this, and it was reported to the house of Pharaoh. 3 For JoSeph said to his brothers:
‘I’m your brother JoSeph whom you sold into Egypt! 5 But, don’t be upset and don’t feel guilty that you sold me here, because [it was] God who sent me ahead of you, so you could live. 6 For, this [is just] the second year of the famine on the earth, and there are still five years to come when there will be no plowing or reaping.
7 ‘It was God who sent me ahead of you so that some of you would survive on the earth to feed the rest of your crowd. 8 Therefore, you didn’t send me here, God did! And now He has made me like a father to Pharaoh… the master of his whole house and the ruler of the entire land of Egypt. 9 So, hurry and return to my father, and tell him that this is what your son JoSeph has said: God has made me the lord of the entire land of Egypt. So, come here to me, and don’t delay! 10 You will live in the land of Gesem in Arabia, where you will be close me… you, your sons, your grandsons, your sheep, your cattle, and everything that’s yours. 11 I will feed you there, because the famine is going to last for five more years. This way, nothing that you own will be lost… not your sons or any of your possessions!
12 ‘Look at me and see! And [you], my brother BenJamin; Use your eyes [and recognize] that it’s my mouth speaking to you! 13 So, report to my father about all the glory that I have in Egypt, and about everything that you’ve seen. Then hurry and bring my father down here.’
14 [Well, after that], he fell on his brother BenJamin’s neck and cried, and BenJamin cried on his neck. 15 Then he kissed all his brothers and cried over them, and his brothers [were finally able to] speak to him.
16 Well, the report of this was carried back to the house of Pharaoh, for he was told, ‘JoSeph’s brothers have come.’ And this made Pharaoh and his household very happy.
‘Tell your brothers to [get] wagons and return to the land of CanaAn 18 to get their father and all their possessions, and then come here to me. I will give them all the good things of Egypt, and they will eat from the [best] of our land.
19 ‘Now, you must give them these instructions: Tell them to take wagons from the land of Egypt to get their women, their children, and their father, and come here. 20 [Tell them] not to worry about their possessions, because all the good things of Egypt will be theirs.’
21 So that’s what the children of IsraEl did. JoSeph gave them wagons, just as Pharaoh the king had said, and he gave them the things they would need for their journey. 22 He also gave each of them two suits of clothes… but he gave BenJamin five suits of clothes, plus three hundred gold coins. 23 And he sent the same gifts to his father, plus ten burros that carried a sampling of all the good things of Egypt, along with ten mules that carried [provisions] for their journey.
25 Then they left Egypt and returned to the land of CanaAn and to their father Jacob. 26 There they reported everything to him, saying:
Well, this was so amazing to Jacob that he didn’t believe them. 27 But they told him everything that JoSeph said, no matter what it was that he said to them. Then he noticed the chariots that JoSeph had sent to pick him up, and that’s when the spirit of their father Jacob was restored. 28 And IsraEl said:
1 So IsraEl left with everything that he owned. And when he got to the Well of the Promise (BeerSheba), he offered a sacrifice to the God of his father IsaAc. 2 Then The God spoke to IsraEl in a vision that night. He said:
'Don’t be afraid to go down to Egypt, because I will make a great nation of you there. 4 I will be going down to Egypt with you and I will be bringing you back… for it will be JoSeph who will lay his hands over your eyes.’
5 Well after that, Jacob left the Well of the Promise, and IsraEl’s sons carried their father, their baggage, and their women on the wagons that JoSeph had sent to them. 6 They also brought along the goods and things that they had obtained in the land of CanaAn, and they went to the land of Egypt (Jacob and all his descendants – 7 his sons, his grandsons, his daughters, and his granddaughters)… he brought all of his seed with him down to Egypt.
10 The sons of SimeOn were JemuEl, Jamin, Aod, Achin, SaAr, and Saul (the son of a CanaAnite woman).
12 The sons of Judah were Er, Aunan (who died in the land of CanaAn), Selom, Phares, Zara, and Er. 13 Phares’ sons were EsRon and JemuEl.
15 These were the sons that LeAh gave birth to (for Jacob) in MesoPotamia of Syria, and those of his daughter Dina. Altogether, the sons and daughters numbered thirty-three.
17 The sons of Asher were JemNa, JesShua, JeUl, BariJa, and their sister, SarAh. BariJa’s sons were Chobor, and MelchiEl.
18 These were the sons that ZelPha (whom Laban had given to his daughter LeAh) gave birth to for Jacob – sixteen people.
19 The sons of Jacob’s woman RachEl were JoSeph and BenJamin, 20 and the sons that were born to JoSeph in the land of Egypt through Asenath (the daughter of Petephre, the priest of HelioPolis) were ManasSeh, and Ephraim. The son that was born to ManasSeh by his Syrian concubine was MachIr. Then MachIr fathered GalaAd.
21 The sons of BenJamin were Bala, Bochor, and Asbel. Bala’s sons were Gera, NoEman, Anchis, Ros, and Mamphim. Then Gera fathered Arad.
25 These were the sons that BalLa (whom Laban had given to his daughter RachEl) gave birth to for Jacob. [Altogether], there were seven people.
26 Therefore, all the descendants of Jacob that came with him to Egypt (those – except his son’s women – that came from his loins) totaled sixty-six. 27 And the sons of JoSeph who were born in the land of Egypt totaled nine. So, all the people of the house of Jacob who were with JoSeph in Egypt totaled seventy-five.
28 Now, [Jacob] had sent Judah ahead of him to JoSeph, who told him to meet them at the City of HroOn (Mit El-Harun?) in the land of RaMesse. 29 So JoSeph got his chariots ready and went to meet his father IsraEl at the City of HroOn. And when he got there, [JoSeph] fell on [Jacob’s] neck and cried profusely.
‘I will go to Pharaoh and tell him that my brothers and my father’s household have arrived from the land of CanaAn. 32 I will also tell him that you are shepherds and cattlemen, and that you’ve brought along your cattle, herds, and all of your belongings. 33 So if Pharaoh calls for you and asks you what you do for a living, 34 you must say, Your servants have been shepherds since our youth… both our fathers and us. [You must say this], so you can live in the land of Gesem (Goshen) in Arabia, because shepherds are looked down on by the Egyptians.’
1 So JoSeph went and told Pharaoh that his father and brothers had arrived from the land of CanaAn with their cattle, oxen, and all their possessions, and that they would be staying in the land of Gesem.
2 Then he took five of his brothers and brought them before Pharaoh. 3 And when Pharaoh asked them, ‘What is your occupation?’ they replied, ‘Your servants (we and our fathers) are shepherds.’
‘We have come to stay in [your] land. And since there are no pastures for your servant’s flocks here, and because there is a famine in the land of CanaAn; please allow us to live in the land of Gesem.’
‘Then, may they live in the land of Gesem. And if you know any among them who are more capable, put them in charge of my cattle also.’
So, that’s how Jacob and his sons came to JoSeph in Egypt. And after Pharaoh (the king of Egypt) learned about this, 5 he told JoSeph:
‘[Now that] your father and brothers have come to you, 6 {Look!} the whole land of Egypt is before you; so, choose the very best land as a place for your father and brothers to settle!’
7 Then later, JoSeph brought his father Jacob in and stood him before Pharaoh, and Jacob blest Pharaoh. 8 Then Pharaoh asked Jacob:
‘The years of my life that I’ve lived are a hundred and thirty. These years have been too few and too troubled, for I haven’t reached the age that my ancestors [achieved], back in the days when they lived.’
11 So, just as Pharaoh commanded, JoSeph gave his father and brothers a tract of land as their possession and settled them in the land of Egypt, on the best of the land in the land of RaMesse. 12 And thereafter, JoSeph provided grain for his father, brothers, and his father’s entire household.
13 However, there was no grain [growing on] the land at the time, so the famine was terrible. For both in the land of Egypt and in the land of CanaAn, people were weak from the famine. 14 As the result, JoSeph collected all the money that there was in the land of Egypt and in the land of CanaAn, for the people had spent all that they had for the grain that they were buying… and he took it all to the house of Pharaoh. 15 So before long, there was no more money left in the land of Egypt or in the land of CanaAn. And because of this, all the Egyptians came to JoSeph and said:
‘If all your money is gone, then bring me your cattle, and I’ll give you bread in exchange for them.’
17 So they brought their cattle to JoSeph, and he gave them bread in exchange for their horses, sheep, oxen, and burros. And JoSeph kept the people alive with bread that year in exchange for their cattle.
‘Must we be consumed before you, our lord? For all our money is gone, and since we’ve brought all our possessions and our cattle to you, our lord, we don’t have anything left other than our bodies and our land. 19 Therefore, so that we won’t die before you, and so that our land isn’t devastated, please buy us and our land for bread, so that we and our land will become Pharaoh’s servants. Give us seeds to grow so we can live and not die, and so that our land won’t be devastated!’
20 As the result, JoSeph bought all the land of the Egyptians for Pharaoh… they sold it all to Pharaoh, because the famine was so bad. Therefore, the entire land became Pharaoh’s, 21 and the people became his servants from one end of Egypt to the other… 22 that is, except for the land of the priests. JoSeph didn’t buy [their land], because Pharaoh gave [grain] as gifts to the priests. So they ate what Pharaoh gave them, and they didn’t have to sell their land.
‘{Look!} Today I have purchased both you and your land for Pharaoh. So now, take the seeds and plant the land. 24 Then, when it produces, you must give a fifth of its produce to Pharaoh. You may keep the rest for yourselves as seeds for planting and as food for you and for all that are in your homes.’
26 As the result, JoSeph passed a law that we still have today: A fifth part [of the produce of the land of Egypt] is to be [given to] Pharaoh. The only exception is the land of the priests… that doesn’t belong to Pharaoh.
27 Well thereafter, the IsraElites lived in the land of Gesem in Egypt and they owned an allotment [of land] there… so the [family] grew rapidly and profusely. 28 Jacob also lived for seventeen more years there in the land of Egypt, until he was a hundred and forty-seven years old.
‘If I’ve found favor before you, put your hand under my thigh and [swear] to me mercifully and truthfully that you won’t bury me in Egypt, 30 but that I will sleep with my ancestors. [Swear that] you will carry me out of Egypt and bury me in their tomb.’
2 Then when Jacob was told that his son JoSeph had come to see him, IsraEl straightened himself and sat up on his bed. 3 And [he] said this to JoSeph:
‘My God appeared to me in Luza in the land of CanaAn and blest me. 4 Then He said to me, {Look!} I will make you grow and increase, and I will make many nations come from you. I will also give this land to you and to your seed that comes after you as an inheritance through the ages.
5 ‘Now, your two sons (Ephraim and ManasSeh) who were born to you in the land of Egypt before I came here, are my [sons] the same as ReuBen and SimeOn are my [sons]. 6 And any children that you have from this point on will share in the names of their brothers; so, [the lands that they will] inherit will be named after them.
7 ‘As for me; After I left Assyrian MesoPotamia, your mother RachEl died in the land of CanaAn during the evening, near the ChabRatha racetrack while we were coming to EphRatha (or BethLehem). So I buried her beside the road at the racetrack of BethLehem.’
10 Now, IsraEl’s eyes were weak due to his age, so he couldn’t see. But he drew them close, and he hugged and kissed them both.
‘Look! I haven’t been deprived of seeing your face, and now {Look!} God has also shown me your seed.’
12 So at that, JoSeph brought them out from [between] his [father’s] knees, and they bowed to [IsraEl] with their faces to the ground.
13 Then JoSeph took his two sons, with Ephraim at his right hand (but on the left of IsraEl), and ManasSeh at his left hand (but on the right of IsraEl), and led them near to him again. 14 However, IsraEl stuck out his right hand and laid it on Ephraim’s head (he was the younger), and he put his left hand on ManasSeh’s head, with his arms crossed. 15 Then he blest them, saying:
‘May the God who found my fathers AbraHam and IsaAc pleasing (the God who fed me from my youth until now 16 and the messenger who protects me from all that is evil) bless these boys… and may they be called by my name and by the name of my fathers, AbraHam and IsaAc. Let them grow to be a vast number on the ground.’
17 Well, when JoSeph noticed that his father had put his right hand on Ephraim’s head, that seemed wrong to him. So JoSeph took hold of his father’s hand to move it from Ephraim’s head to ManasSeh’s head. 18 And JoSeph said:
‘I know, son, I know. [Your eldest son] will be a [tribe of] people, and he will be important. However, his younger brother will be greater, and his seed will become many nations.’
‘In your name, IsraEl will pronounce this blessing: May God make you like Ephraim and ManasSeh’… and he put Ephraim before ManasSeh.
22 ‘I am giving you Shechem (a better portion than that of your brothers), which I took from the Amorites with my sword and my bow.’
1 Then Jacob called the rest of his sons in and said to them: 2 ‘Gather here so I can tell you what will happen to you in later years. Gather and listen to me, sons of Jacob. Listen to IsraEl… listen to your father!
You’re my firstborn and my strength. You’re the first of my children, but you’re hard to endure, [pig headed], 4 and you’re as unruly as water… bring an end to your violence! For you even climbed up on your father’s bed and dirtied the couch that you climbed on.
You are brothers who are good at the injustices that separated you. 6 May my soul pay no attention to the things that you say, and may my feelings never have any part in your conspiracies. For you’ve killed men in anger, and in your passion you’ve cut off the feet of bulls. 7 May your anger be cursed, because it is willful and cruel. So, I will separate you in [the land of] Jacob and scatter you in IsraEl.
Your brothers have spoken well of you, so your hands will stay on the backs of your enemies, and your father’s sons will bow to you… 9 for Judah is the cub of a lion.
‘My son: you’ve grown from the tender plant [you once were], and now you’re a young lion. So, by whom can you ever be beaten?
You have desired the best thing… to rest among the [other] inheritances. 15 So, [when you find] a good resting place and fertile land,you will put you shoulders to work and become a farmer.
You will judge your people as a single tribe in IsraEl. 17 Dan will be a snake on the road that blocks the path and bites at the hooves of horses to cause their riders to fall, 18 while he awaits the salvation of Jehovah .
28 All these are the twelve sons of Jacob, and that’s what their father said to them. He blest them… he blest each of them by the blessings that they would receive. 29 Then he said to them:
‘Now I’m going to my people; so, bury me with my ancestors in the cave that is in the field of EphRon the Kettite. 30 It’s the double cave across from MamRe in the land of CanaAn that AbraHam bought as a tomb from EphRon the Kettite, 31 and it’s where they buried AbraHam and his woman SarAh, IsaAc and his women RebecKa and LeAh, 32 in that part of the field where the caves of the sons of Ket are located.’
33 Then Jacob stopped giving instructions to his sons, and he lifted his feet on the bed and died… then he was buried with his people.
1 Well at that, JoSeph fell over his father’s face, cried over him, and kissed him. 2 Then JoSeph told his servants (the embalmers) to [take charge of] his father’s body, and the embalmers mummified IsraEl. 3 The process took forty days, because that’s how long it took to mummify someone. And all of Egypt mourned for him during the next seventy days.
4 Then when the days of mourning were completed, JoSeph spoke to the Pharaoh’s mighty ones and said:
‘If I’ve found favor in your eyes, talk to Pharaoh for me and tell him that 5 my father made me swear, saying, I want you to bury me in the tomb that I dug for myself in the land of CanaAn. So, I wish to go there and bury my father… and then I’ll return.’
7 So JoSeph went up [to the land of CanaAn] to bury his father; and all of Pharaoh’s servants and elders of his house, as well as all the elders of the land of Egypt traveled with him 8 and the households of JoSeph and his brothers, as well as the household of his father and his relatives. However, they left the sheep and oxen behind in the land of Gesem… 9 the entourage also included many chariots and horsemen, and a large crowd of others.
10 Then, upon arriving at the threshing-floor of Atad (which is across the JorDan), they wailed for [Jacob] with a very deep grief, and they mourned there for [JoSeph's) father for the next seven days.
12 Yes, that’s what his sons did for him. 13 His sons carried him up into the land of CanaAn and buried him in the double cave that AbraHam bought as his own burying place from EphRon the Kettite, which is across from MamRe.
14 Then JoSeph and his brothers returned to Egypt, along with all those who had come with him to bury his father.
‘Let’s not forget that JoSeph can decide to get even with us and pay us back for all the evil things that we did to him at any time.’ 16 So they went to JoSeph and said:
‘Before his death, your father made us swear. He instructed us 17 to tell JoSeph to forgive us for the bad things we’ve done and for our sins, because we’ve really done some evil things to you. Therefore, please forgive the injustice of the servants of the God of your father.’
‘Don’t be afraid, for I [belong to] God. 20 And though you once met and talked about doing evil things to me; God made what you said about me [turn out] for the good. And that’s why things happened as they have today… so that many people might be fed.’
22 Well, JoSeph continued to live in Egypt along with his brothers and his father’s family for a hundred and ten years. 23 JoSeph [lived to] see Ephraim’s children through the third generation, and the sons of MachIr (ManasSeh’s son) were born at his side.
‘I’m dying. But, God will surely come to you and take you from this land into the land that God swore to give to our ancestors, AbraHam, IsaAc, and Jacob.
26 So, JoSeph died at the age of a hundred and ten (c. 1879-BCE), and they prepared his body, then they placed it in a [tomb] in Egypt.
Written by Moses about 1549-BCE (according to our calculations) after the construction of the Tent of Proofs in the desert.
1 These are the names of the Sons of IsraEl that came to Egypt with their father Jacob and their families: 2 ReuBen, SimeOn, Levi, Judah, 3 IshSachar, ZebuLun, BenJamin, 4 Dan, NaphTali, Gad, and Asher. 5 Then [there was] JoSeph [who lived] in Egypt; so altogether, there were seventy-five of these people who [descended] from Jacob.
6 [In time], JoSeph, his brothers, and that entire generation died. 7 But the children of IsraEl grew and multiplied into a large and strong [nation], and the land helped them to grow.
8 Then a new king became the ruler over Egypt who didn’t know JoSeph (possibly SobeKemsaf I). 9 And he said to his nation:
‘{Look!} The children of IsraEl have [grown tremendously] and they’re now more powerful than we are. 10 So, let’s be smooth in the way we deal with them, because if they continue to grow and then we find ourselves at war, they could side with our enemies. And after they beat us in war, they will leave our land!’
11 So he appointed [governors] over them, whose [job] was to make them do hard labor; and they built fortified cities for Pharaoh, including Pithom, RaMesse, and On (the City of the Sun). 12 But the more they held [the IsraElites] down, the faster they grew.
Well, they multiplied so much and grew so strong that the Egyptians hated the children of IsraEl. 13 So the Egyptians became tyrants over IsraEl 14 and made their lives unbearable by forcing them to work hard making bricks from clay and working in the fields… whatever needed to be done. And they were dealt with violently.
15 Then the king of Egypt told the midwives who [served] the Hebrews (one was SepPhora and the other was Poua): 16
‘When you serve as midwives to the Hebrew women and they’re about to give birth, kill [the baby] if it’s a boy, but leave it alone if it’s a girl.’
17 However, the midwives feared God and wouldn’t do what the king of Egypt told them… they allowed the male [babies] to live. 18 So the king of Egypt called for the midwives and asked them:
‘Hebrew women aren’t like the women of Egypt, because they give birth before the midwives arrive, so they [already] have their children!’
20 As the result, God dealt kindly with the midwives, while the [IsraElites] continued to multiply and grow very strong. 21 And these midwives who feared God were able to start families.
‘Whenever a male is born to the Hebrews, you must throw it into the river… but let the females live.’
1 Now, there was a certain man of the tribe of Levi who married one of the daughters of [his tribe]. 2 Then she got pregnant and gave birth to a male child. And when she saw how beautiful the child was, they hid him for three months. 3 But when they could no longer hide him, his mother got a box for him and coated it with tar, put the child inside, then she set it in the mud by the river, 4 and she had his sister keep watch in the distance to see what would happen to him.
5 Well, Pharaoh’s daughter thereafter came down to the river to bathe. And as her handmaids were walking along by the river, they saw the box lying in the mud, so she sent a handmaid out to pick it up. 6 And when she opened it, she found the baby inside the box, crying. Well, Pharaoh’s daughter felt sorry for it and said:
So the woman took the child and nursed it. 10 And after the boy had grown, she brought him to Pharaoh’s daughter and he became her son. [Pharaoh’s daughter] named him Moses (Egyptian: Mo-sheh, or, to draw), because she said:
11 In time, after Moses had grown, he went to see his brothers, the sons of IsraEl. And as he was observing how bad things were, he noticed an Egyptian beating one of his Hebrew brothers of the children of IsraEl. 12 Then he looked around and he didn’t see anyone, so he bludgeoned the Egyptian and buried [his body] in the sand.
‘Who appointed you to be our ruler and judge? Are you going to kill me like you killed that Egyptian yesterday?’
This stunned Moses, and he thought: ‘If [he knows], then others will know.’ 15 And when Pharaoh found out about it, he tried to have Moses put to death. So Moses withdrew from the face of Pharaoh and went to live in the land of Midian.
Then, upon arriving in the land of Midian, he sat down next to a well. 16 And nearby, the seven daughters of the Priest of Midian happened to be grazing their father’s sheep. Then when they came [to the well] to fill their buckets to water the flock, 17 some shepherds arrived and [tried to] chase them away. However, Moses stood up and protected them. And thereafter, he drew water for them and watered their sheep.
21 Well [after that], Moses developed a good relationship with the man, and [RaguEl] gave his daughter SepPhoran to be Moses’ woman. 22 Then she got pregnant and gave birth to a son, whom Moses named Gersam (Visitor); for he said,
23 After a while, the king of Egypt died. But the children of IsraEl kept groaning and crying because of their hard work. And the cries over their labor ascended to God. 24 [He] heard their groaning and God remembered the Sacred Agreement He had made with AbraHam, IsaAc, and Jacob. 25 So He [started paying attention] to the children of IsraEl, and He made Himself known to them.
1 It was while Moses was out tending the flock of his father-in-law (His Excellence, the Priest of Midian) that he’d led the sheep into the desert to the dry mountain (Horeb). 2 And there, Jehovah’s messenger appeared to him in a flame that was burning in a bush. He saw the flames in the bush, but [the bush] wasn’t really burning. 3 And Moses said:
‘I’ve seen the hardships that My people are enduring in Egypt, and I’ve heard their cries about their task-masters, so I know what they’re going through. 8 Now, I’ve come down here to free them from the Egyptians and to take them away from that land, to a land that is good and has plenty of room… a land that is flowing with milk and honey. It’s the place where the CanaAnites, Chettites, Amorites, Pherezites, Gergeshites, Evites, and Jebusites [live]. 9 For {Look!} the shouting of the children of IsraEl has now reached to Me, and I’ve seen the suffering that the Egyptians are bringing upon them. 10 So now, come; because I’m going to send you to Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, and you’re going to bring My people (the children of IsraEl) out of the land of Egypt.’
‘Just who am I that I should go to Pharaoh the king of Egypt and bring the children of IsraEl out that land?’
‘I will be with you! This [place] will serve as the sign that I am sending you. Then when you bring My people out of Egypt, you must serve God on this mountain.’
‘Look, I’ll go to the children of IsraEl and tell them, The God of our ancestors has sent me to you. But they’re going to ask, What is His Name? So, what should I tell them?’
‘Tell the Sons of IsraEl that Jehovah the God of your ancestors – the God of AbraHam, IsaAc, and Jacob – has sent you to them. That has been My Name through the ages, and it’s how I should be remembered from generation to generation.
16 ‘So, go and gather the elders of the children of IsraEl, then tell them that Jehovah, the God of your ancestors, has appeared to you. He’s the God of AbraHam, the God of IsaAc, and the God of Jacob. [And tell them that] He said: I have looked [down] and [seen] all the bad things that are happening to you in Egypt. 17 And tell them that I will take them away from their oppression in Egypt into the land of the CanaAnites, Chettites, Amorites, Pherezites, Gergeshites, Evites, and Jebusites… a land that is flowing with milk and honey. 18 And then they will listen to what you have to say.
‘After that, you and the elders of IsraEl must go to Pharaoh the king of Egypt and tell him this: The God of the Hebrews has called us, so we’re going on a three-day journey into the desert to offer a sacrifice to our God. 19 However, I know that Pharaoh (the king of Egypt) won’t let you go [unless he sees] a mighty hand [of power]. 20 So I will raise My hand and strike the Egyptians with all the wonders that I [wish to show] to them… and then he will allow you to leave.
21 ‘I will also make [My] people look good in the eyes of the Egyptians, so that when you escape, you won’t leave empty handed. 22 Women will ask their neighbors and landlords for clothing, and for gold and silver [jewelry], which you will then put on your sons and your daughters… so you will plunder the Egyptians.’
‘But what if they don’t listen to me and do what I tell them to do? Or, what if they say, God hasn’t appeared to you… what should I tell them then?’
So [Moses] reached out and grabbed it by the tail, 5 and it became a walking stick in his hand once again. [And God continued]:
‘That’s why they will believe you when you say that the God of your ancestors has appeared to you… the God of AbraHam, and of IsaAc, and of Jacob.’
6 Then the Lord told him: ‘Now, put your hand inside [your robe and touch] your chest.’ So he reached inside and touched his chest; and when he brought his hand out, it was [as white] as snow. 7 Then [the Lord] said: ‘Now, put your hand back in and touch your chest once more.’ So he reached in and touched his chest, and when he brought it out, its color had returned to the regular shade of his flesh.
‘So, if the first sign doesn’t make them listen to you and believe, the second sign will. 9 But if they still won’t listen to you or believe after these two signs, then draw some water from the river and pour it out on the dry ground… and the river water will turn into blood.’
‘I beg you Lord; I’ve not been good at this in the past, and I’ve not become any better at it since You’ve started talking to your servant… I’m a poor speaker and I talk slowly!’
‘Who gave man his mouth? Who made both those who can hear and the deaf, as well as those who can see and the blind? Wasn’t it Me… God? 12 Now, go on, and I will open your mouth and tell you what to say!’
‘Look; isn’t Aaron the Levite your brother? I know that he’ll speak for you… look, he’s coming to meet you, and when he sees you, he’ll be jumping for joy. 15 Then you must talk to him and put My words into his mouth, and I’ll open both of your mouths and tell you what to say. 16 Let him speak to the people for you… he’ll serve as your mouth and you will be the things of God to him. 17 So now, take this walking stick that turned into a snake in your hands and work miracles with it!’
Well, after some time, the king of Egypt (possibly Kamose) died. 19 And the Lord said to Moses (while he was still in Midian):
20 So Moses took his wife and children, mounted them on his animals, and returned to Egypt. Moses also carried along his walking stick [through which he had received power] from God.
‘When you return to Egypt, consider at all the miracles that I’ve given to you, then you must perform these things before Pharaoh. However, I will make him hard-hearted and he will still refuse to send the people away. 22 so you must tell Pharaoh, This is what Jehovah has said: IsraEl is My firstborn, 23 and I’ve told you to send My people away so they can serve Me; therefore, if you won’t send them away, {Look!} I will destroy all your firstborn!’
24 Well, [during their journey], a messenger of Jehovah met them along the way at an inn, and he wanted to kill [Moses’ son]. 25 But SepPhoran grabbed a [sharp] stone and cut off her son’s foreskin. Then she fell at his feet and said: ‘See… the blood of my son’s circumcision is flowing!’ 26 So because she said, ‘The blood of my son’s circumcision is flowing,’ he left.
27 Then the Lord told Aaron: ‘Now, go into the desert to meet Moses.’ So he went and met him at the Mountain of God, and they kissed each other. 28 And thereafter, Moses told Aaron everything that the Lord had said, why he was being sent, and of all the things that he’d been instructed to do.
29 So Moses and Aaron went and gathered the elders of the children of IsraEl, 30 and Aaron told them everything that God had said to Moses; then he performed the miracles before the people… 31 and the people believed and were happy, because God was visiting the children of IsraEl and He had seen how they were being oppressed. So the people all bowed to their faces before him.
‘This is what Jehovah the God of IsraEl, said: Send My people away, so they can hold a feast to Me in the desert.’
‘Just who is this Jehovah, that I must pay attention to anything He has to say and send the children of IsraEl away? I don’t know Jehovah, and I’m not letting IsraEl go!’
‘The God of the Hebrews has called us to Him, and we’re going on a three-day journey into the desert to [offer] sacrifices to our God Jehovah; otherwise, we’re afraid that He might strike us and we’ll die!’
‘Why are you, Moses and Aaron, trying to keep people from doing their work? Now, go back and just do your jobs!’
‘{Look!} There are huge numbers of them and we can’t allow them to slack off from doing their work!’ 6 And as the result, Pharaoh gave orders to those who were in charge to tell their supervisors 7 not to give the people any straw for brick-making as they did the day before and three days before that. He said:
‘Let them gather and carry the straw for themselves! 8 However, they must maintain the quota for the daily brick making… don’t let up on them, because they’re lazy! Why, they came here demanding that we must allow them to [go out and] offer a sacrifice to their God. 9 Therefore, make the men’s work much harder, so they’ll pay attention to that instead of to idle chatter!’
‘This is what Pharaoh says: I’m not going to give you straw anymore. 11 Go get it yourselves! Take it from wherever you can find it… but you must still make the same number of [bricks]!’
12 So the people were scattered all over the land of Egypt as they gathered stubble for straw. 13 And the taskmasters kept pushing them, saying:
14 And then the supervisors who were assigned over the children of IsraEl by Pharaoh’s governors were whipped… and they were asked:
‘Why are you treating your servants this way? 16 You don’t give us any straw, but you tell us to make bricks anyhow. And now {Look!} your servants have been whipped! Are you going to allow your people to be injured?’
‘You’re lazy and you’re slackers! For you said, Let us go and offer sacrifices to our God. 18 Now, go to work instead, because you won’t be given any straw… but you must meet the same quota of bricks.’
19 Well, the children of IsraEl’s supervisors realized that they were in a tight situation, since they’d been told that they still had to deliver the same daily quota of bricks. 20 So when they saw Moses and Aaron coming to meet them (just after they’d left Pharaoh), 21 they said:
‘May God look down on you and judge you, because you’ve made us so hated by Pharaoh and his servants that you’ve put the sword into their hands to kill us!’
‘I beg You, O Lord; Why have You caused trouble for these people, and why did You send me? 23 For from the time that I went to Pharaoh to speak in Your Name, he’s made things harder for these people… and You still haven’t taken Your people away.’
‘Now you’re going to see what I will do to Pharaoh; for he will indeed send them away… with a strong hand and a hard pitch he’ll THROW them out of his land!’
‘I am Jehovah. 3 I’m the One who appeared to AbraHam, IsaAc, and Jacob, and I was their God. However, I didn’t show them My Name Jehovah 4 when I established My sacred agreement with them [and promised] to give them the land of the CanaAnites… the land where they were visitors and living as strangers.
5 ‘Now, I’ve heard the groaning of the children of IsraEl over the oppressive ways that the Egyptians are keeping them in slavery, and I’ve remembered the sacred agreement [that I made] with them. 6 So, go and tell the children of IsraEl that I am Jehovah and that I will lead them out of the tyranny of the Egyptians and free them from slavery. I will pay their ransom with a hard pitch and a great judgment, 7 then I’ll take them to be My people and I’ll be their God… and they’ll know that I am Jehovah their God who freed them from the tyranny of the Egyptians. 8 Then I’ll bring them into the land that I reached out to give to AbraHam, IsaAc, and Jacob… I’ll give it to them as their inheritance, for I am Jehovah!’
9 So, that’s what Moses then went and told the Sons of IsraEl. However, they wouldn’t listen to Moses, because of their fear and their hard work. 10 So the Lord told Moses: 11 ‘Go and tell Pharaoh the king of Egypt to send the children of IsraEl out of his land!’
‘Look, the children of IsraEl didn’t listen to me, so how will I get Pharaoh to listen to me? Besides, I’m not a good speaker.’
13 So the Lord spoke to [both] Moses and Aaron and told them to order Pharaoh (the king of Egypt) to send the children of IsraEl out of the land of Egypt.
14 Now, these were the family heads of each of the houses of [IsraEl at the time]: The sons of ReuBen (IsraEl’s firstborn) were Enoch, PhalLus, AsRon, and Charmi. They were ReuBen’s children.
15 The sons of SimeOn were JemuEl, JaMin, Aod, Jachin, SaAr, and Saul (the son of a Phoenician woman). These were SimeOn’s children.
16 The sons of Levi (and the family heads) were Gedson, CaAth, and MeraRi. And Levi lived to be a hundred and thirty-seven years old.
CaAth’s sons were 18 AmBram, IshSaAr, ChebRon, and Ozie. And CaAth lived to be a hundred and thirty-three years old.
20 Now, AmBram married his cousin JochaBed (the daughter of his father’s brother), and she gave birth to Aaron, Moses, and MiriAm (their sister). AmBram [died] when he was a hundred and thirty-two years old.
21 The sons of IshSaAr were KorAh, Naphec, and Zechri. 22 And the sons of OziEl were MisaEl, EliShaphan, and Segri.
23 Then Aaron married EliShaBeth, the daughter of AminAdab and the sister of NaAsson, and she gave birth to Nadab, AbiUd, EliEzer, and IthaMar.
25 Aaron’s son EliEzer married one of the daughters of PhutiEl, and she gave birth to Phineas. These are the heads of the family of the Levites, by their generations.
26 And this is Aaron and Moses, who were told by God to use His power to bring the children of IsraEl out of the land of Egypt.
27 So, this is what they went and said to Pharaoh the king of Egypt (before Aaron and Moses brought the children of IsraEl out of the land of Egypt) 28 on the very day that the Lord spoke to Moses. 29 For the Lord told Moses:
‘Look! I’ve made you a god to Pharaoh, and your brother Aaron is your Prophet. 2 So, tell Pharaoh everything that I’ve told you to say through your brother Aaron… tell him that he must send the children of IsraEl out of his land! 3 However, I will make Pharaoh hardhearted, then I will bring many signs and wonders to the land of Egypt; 4 but Pharaoh will still refuse to listen to you. Then I will lay My hand upon Egypt and bring My people the children of IsraEl out of their land by My power and with a great vengeance. 5 And all the Egyptians will know that I am Jehovah, and that I stretched out My hand toward Egypt and brought the children of IsraEl out of their midst.’
7 Now, Moses was eighty years old, and his brother Aaron was eighty-three years old when they spoke to Pharaoh.
‘If Pharaoh says that you must give him a sign or perform a miracle; tell your brother Aaron to throw his walking stick on the ground in front of Pharaoh and his servants, and it will become a snake.’
10 So when Moses and Aaron went in [and stood] before Pharaoh and his servants, they did just as the Lord had instructed them. Aaron threw his walking stick before Pharaoh and his servants, and it became a snake. 11 However, Pharaoh brought in all the Egyptian wise men, warlocks, and soothsayers, and they used their magic to do the same thing… 12 they each threw down their walking sticks and they became snakes. But then, Aaron’s walking stick swallowed down their walking sticks.
13 Nevertheless, Pharaoh’s heart became hard and he refused to listen to what Jehovah had instructed them to say. 14 So the Lord told Moses:
‘Now, Pharaoh’s heart has become hard and he won’t let the people go. 15 So, approach Pharaoh when he goes down to the river tomorrow morning and meet with him there on its bank. Then take [Aaron’s] walking stick that turned into a snake, 16 and tell [Pharaoh] that Jehovah the God of the Hebrews has sent you to him, and that He says, Send My people away so they can serve Me in the desert! Look, you haven’t listened to Me so far, 17 but this is how I’m going to let you know that I am the Lord!’
‘[Then tell him]: Look; I’m going to slap the water with this walking stick in my hand, and the river water will change into blood. 18 Then all the fish in the river will die and it will stink, and the Egyptians won’t be able to drink water from the river.’
‘Then tell your brother Aaron to take his walking stick and hold his arms out over all the water in Egypt (over its rivers, canals, ponds, and any standing water) and they will turn into blood. This blood will be throughout the entire land of Egypt… even in their pottery and wooden jars!’
20 So Moses and Aaron did just as the Lord commanded them. [Aaron] held out the walking stick and slapped the river right there in front of Pharaoh and his servants, and all the river water changed into blood. 21 Then all the fish in the river died and the river had a foul odor, so the Egyptians couldn’t drink water from it. And there was blood throughout the entire land of Egypt.
22 However, the Egyptian soothsayers used their magic to do the same thing. So the heart of Pharaoh became hard and he wouldn’t listen to them… which is just what the Lord said [would happen]. 23 Then Pharaoh turned around and went back into his palace without looking at anything.
24 Well, the Egyptians had to dig [pits] around the river to find drinking water, because they couldn’t drink the water from the river. 25 And Jehovah’s conquest of the river lasted for seven days.
‘Now go to Pharaoh [again] and tell him that this is what Jehovah has said: Send My people away, so they can serve Me. 2 And if you don’t send them away, {Look!} I will fill your land with frogs… 3 the river will teem with frogs, and they’ll get into your houses, into your bedrooms, and onto your beds. [They will be] in the homes of your citizens, in the homes of your servants, on your dough, and on your ovens. 4 They will also climb on you, your servants, and your people.’
‘Now, tell your brother Aaron to raise his arms with his walking stick in his hand over the rivers, canals, and pools, to bring up the frogs.’
6 So Aaron held his arms out over the waters of Egypt and brought up the frogs; and the frogs that he brought up covered the whole land of Egypt.
7 Well, the Egyptian soothsayers used their magic and they too brought frogs upon the land of Egypt.
‘Pray to Jehovah for me and ask Him to take the frogs away from my people and from me. Then I will send [the children of IsraEl] away to offer their sacrifices to Jehovah.’
‘Tell me exactly when I should pray for the frogs to disappear from you, your servants, and your people, [for that’s when they will leave] you, your people, and your houses. However, they will remain in the river.’
‘It will be just as you’ve said… and then you will know that there is no [God] other than Jehovah. 11 For the frogs will be removed from you, your houses, your villages, your servants, and your people. However, they will remain in the river.’ 12 And at that, Moses and Aaron left Pharaoh.
Then Moses called to Jehovah and asked Him to remove the frogs, as Pharaoh had requested. 13 And Jehovah did what Moses asked… the frogs died in the houses, villages, and fields. 14 Then they gathered them in piles, which caused the whole land to stink.
15 Well, when Pharaoh saw that there was some relief, his heart became hard again, and he didn’t listen to the things that they told him that Jehovah had said. 16 So the Lord told Moses:
‘Now, tell Aaron to take his walking stick in his hand and to hit the dirt on the ground; then fleas will cover the men and animals throughout the entire land of Egypt.’
17 So Aaron stuck out his walking stick and hit the dirt on the ground, and fleas covered the men and the animals… there were fleas on the ground everywhere!
18 Well, the soothsayers tried to use their magic to do the same thing and bring out the fleas, but they were unable to do so. However, the fleas covered both the men and the animals. 19 So the soothsayers said to Pharaoh:
But Pharaoh’s heart was hardened and he wouldn’t listen to them and do as Jehovah had said. 20 So the Lord said to Moses:
‘Get up early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh as he’s going down to the water. Then you must tell him that this is what Jehovah has said: Send My people away so they can serve Me in the desert. 21 For if you won’t let My people go, {Look!} I’m going to send stable flies to you, your servants, your citizens, and into your homes. The houses of the Egyptians will be filled with stable flies wherever they live in the land. 22 [But this time], I will create a marvelous difference in the land of Gesem, where My people are living… there’ll be no stable flies there. Then you will know that I am Jehovah, the God of the whole earth, 23 when I create a difference between My people and yours! This is going to happen in your land tomorrow!’
24 Well, the stable flies came in huge numbers and they got into the houses of Pharaoh, his servants, and everyone in the land of Egypt… the land was virtually destroyed by stable flies! 25 So Pharaoh called Moses and Aaron [again] and said:
‘We can’t do that, because the things we will sacrifice to Jehovah our God are considered disgusting by the Egyptians. So if we sacrifice such things in front of the Egyptians, they will stone us. 27 Rather, let us travel three days into the desert, and we will offer our sacrifices to Jehovah our God there, just as our Lord told us.’
‘Well, you can go and sacrifice to your God in the desert; but don’t go too far… and pray to Jehovah for me!’
‘Now I will leave you and pray to God, so that the stable flies will leave your servants and your citizens tomorrow. But Pharaoh… don’t deceive me again and then refuse to send the people away to sacrifice to Jehovah.’
30 So Moses left Pharaoh and he prayed to God; 31 and Jehovah did just as Moses said… He removed all the stable flies from Pharaoh, his servants, and his citizens. 32 However, Pharaoh’s heart became hard once again and he wouldn’t send the people away.
‘Go to Pharaoh and tell him that this is what Jehovah the God of the Hebrews has said: Send My people away so they can serve Me! 2 If you don’t send My people away and if you prevent them from going, 3 {Look!} the Lord will touch the cattle in your fields – the horses, burros, camels, bulls, and sheep – and many will die! 4 I will also show a marvelous difference between [the way I will treat] the cattle of the Egyptians and the cattle of the children of IsraEl. None of those that belong to the children of IsraEl will die.’
6 And the next day, cattle that belonged to all the Egyptians died, but none of the children of IsraEl’s cattle died. 7 And when Pharaoh saw that none of the cattle that belonged to the children of IsraEl died (not one), his heart became even harder; so he refused to let the people go.
‘Moses should take handfuls of furnace ashes and throw them into the sky before Pharaoh and his servants, 9 so it can blow like dust over the entire land of Egypt. Then the men and animals throughout all of Egypt will break out with blisters.’
10 So Moses carried furnace ashes before Pharaoh and threw them into the sky… and they caused blisters to break out on both the men and their animals.
11 Well, the soothsayers were no longer able to stand before Moses, because they were also covered with blisters like everyone else in the land of Egypt. 12 But Jehovah made Pharaoh’s heart even harder, so he wouldn’t listen to them and do what the Lord told him to do.
‘Get up early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh, then tell him that this is what Jehovah the God of the Hebrews has said: Send My people away so they can serve Me. 14 For I’ve been sending all My plagues into your heart and into the hearts of your servants and your people, so you will know that there isn’t anyone else like Me in the entire earth. 15 And now I’m going to raise My hand to strike you and kill your people, wiping them off of the earth. 16 For the very reason that you’ve been allowed to live is so that I might display My strength through you, and so that My Name might be advertised throughout the whole world!
17 ‘You’ve taken great pains to keep My people and to not let them go… haven’t you? 18 So look! At this same time tomorrow I will cause a hailstorm that will be the worst that Egypt has seen since the time it was founded. 19 Hurry and gather your cattle, as well as everything else that you have in the fields… all the men and cattle that you can find in the fields. For if they don’t go inside a building, the hail will hit them and kill them!’
20 So those servants of Pharaoh who were afraid of what the Lord said brought their cattle into their homes. 21 And those who didn’t pay any attention to what the Lord said left their cattle in the fields.
‘Raise your hands to the sky, and there will be a hailstorm throughout the entire land of Egypt… on the men, the cattle, and all the plants that are growing on the ground.’
23 So Moses raised his hands to the sky, and Jehovah sent hail, thunder, and lightning that rolled around on the ground. And this hail from Jehovah rained throughout the entire land of Egypt. 24 There was hail and there was lightning mixed with hail… it was the greatest hailstorm to hit Egypt in the [history of] that nation! 25 The hail landed all over the land of Egypt – on the men, the animals, and the grass in the fields – and it broke all the trees in the fields. 26 But in the land of Gesem where the children of IsraEl were, there was no hail.
‘I’ve sinned this time. Jehovah is righteous, and my people and I are wicked. 28 Pray to Jehovah for me and have Him stop the thunder, lightning, and the hail; then I will send you away and you won’t have to [live here] anymore.’
‘After I leave the city, I will raise my hands to Jehovah, and the thunder, lightning, hail, and rain will stop… then you will know that the earth belongs to Jehovah. 30 However, I know that you and your servants still don’t fear Jehovah.’
31 Well, [Egypt’s] flax and barley was all destroyed, because the barley was fully-grown and the flax had seeds. 32 However, the wheat and rye hadn’t been damaged, because they came up later.
33 Then Moses left Pharaoh and [walked] out of the city. And when he raised his hands to Jehovah, the thundering ended, and the rain and hail stopped falling.
34 But when Pharaoh saw that the rain, hail, and thundering had stopped, he continued to sin. He hardened his heart and the hearts of his servants. 35 And it was because of this hardened heart that Pharaoh refused to send the children of IsraEl away, as Jehovah had instructed him through Moses.
‘Go to Pharaoh [again], because I’ve hardened the hearts of him and his servants so I could bring these signs upon them. 2 [I did this] so you could tell your children and your children’s children of the many ways I’ve mocked the Egyptians through the wonders I’ve brought upon them, so that they would know that I am the Lord.’
‘This is what Jehovah, the God of the Hebrews, says: How much longer will you refuse to respect Me? Send My people away, so they can serve Me! 4 But if you won’t send My people away; {Look!} at this same time tomorrow, I will bring huge amounts of locusts to all your borders. 5 They will cover the entire land, so that you won’t be able to see the ground. They will eat everything that the hail has left for you, and chew up every tree that you still have growing in the land. 6 Your houses, the houses of your servants, and all the houses throughout the land of Egypt will be filled with them. It will be something that neither your fathers nor their ancestors have seen from their time until this day.’
‘How much longer are you going to allow them to be a snare to us? Send those people away so they can serve their God! Don’t you realize that Egypt is [being] destroyed?’
‘We will be taking the young and the old, along with our sons, daughters, sheep, and bulls, because this is a feast of Jehovah.’
‘May Jehovah be with you. But if I send you away, must I also [send away] all that you own? You have an evil [plan], 11 so [I’m] not going to [allow that]! I’ll just allow the men to go and serve your God, because that’s all you really wanted. Now, throw them out from before the presence of Pharaoh!’
‘Raise your hands over the land of Egypt and let the locusts come to the land. They will eat every plant on the ground and all the fruit that wasn’t damaged by the hail on the trees!’
13 So Moses raised his walking stick to the sky, and Jehovah sent a south wind [that blew] all day and all night long. Then the next morning, the south wind brought the locusts, 14 sending them throughout the land of Egypt. And there they sat in huge numbers throughout all the borders of Egypt. Never had such locusts been seen before or since! 15 They covered the entire ground and they devastated the land. They ate all the plants off the ground and any fruit in the trees that hadn’t been damaged by the hail… nothing green was left on the trees or in the fields anywhere in the land of Egypt.
‘I have sinned before Jehovah your God and against you. 17 [Please] pardon my sin one more time and pray to Jehovah your God… ask Him to take away this death!’
18 So Moses left Pharaoh and prayed to God; 19 then Jehovah sent a strong wind from the sea that blew in the opposite direction, picking up the locusts and throwing them into the Red Sea… and there wasn’t a single locust left anywhere in the land of Egypt. 20 But Jehovah continued to harden Pharaoh’s heart, so he didn’t send the children of IsraEl away.
‘Now lift your hands toward the sky and bring darkness to the land of Egypt… a darkness that can be felt.’
22 So Moses raised his hands to the sky, and it stormed throughout the land of Egypt for three days… and the sky became totally black. 23 Well, for the next three days, nobody could see anyone else, so no one even got out of bed. However, all the children of IsraEl had light where they were.
‘Now, go and serve your God Jehovah… but you must leave your sheep, your cattle, and your belongings here!’
‘No! You must allow us the burnt offerings and sacrifices that we’re going to offer to our God Jehovah… 26 our cattle will be going with us! We won’t leave a hoof behind, because we’re going to take them to serve Jehovah our God, and we won’t know how we’re supposed to serve Him until we get there.’
‘Get away from me, and be careful not to see my face again, because the next time you appear before me, you’re going to die!’
‘I’m going to bring one more plague upon Pharaoh and Egypt… and then he will send you away with everything. In fact, he’ll drive you out! 2 Now, go to the people secretly and tell them to ask their neighbors for clothing, silver, and gold jewelry.’
3 Well, Jehovah caused his people to be looked upon favorably by the Egyptians and they were willing to lend things to them, because the Egyptians considered Moses a great man… even greater than Pharaoh and his servants.
‘This is what the Lord said: About midnight I will be going throughout Egypt, 5 and all the firstborn in the land will die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sits on the throne, to the firstborn of the female slave who sits by the mill, as well as the firstborn of all the cattle. 6 Then a cry will [be heard] throughout the land of Egypt such as has never been heard before and will never be heard again. 7 However, among the children of IsraEl, not even a dog will snarl at a man or an animal. That’s when you’ll see the great difference that Jehovah will make between the Egyptians and IsraEl. 8 For they will then be your servants… they’ll come to [you] and bow, saying, Leave, both you and all the people that you’re in charge of. And that’s when [you’ll] leave.’
‘Pharaoh isn’t going to listen to you anymore, so I’ll now show great signs and wonders in the land of Egypt.’
10 Yes, Moses and Aaron had brought about all these signs and wonders to the land of Egypt and to Pharaoh. But Jehovah kept hardening Pharaoh’s heart, and he wouldn’t listen and send the children of IsraEl out of the land of Egypt.
1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron there in the land of Egypt, and said: 2 ‘This will be your first month. It is to be the first one [in your] year. 3 So tell the whole gathering of the children of IsraEl that on the tenth day of this month, each man should select a lamb for his household (depending on the size of his family). 4 And if there are just a few in his house (too few [to eat a whole] lamb), they may go to [the home of] a nearby neighbor. They are to figure out how many people there will be, and then calculate how much lamb they will eat.
5 ‘So, choose a perfect male yearling lamb from [your herd] of lambs and kids, 6 and keep it nearby until the fourteenth day of this month. Then the whole gathering of the children of IsraEl must slaughter [their lambs] toward the evening, 7 and they must gather the blood and put it on the top and both sides of the doorframes of the houses where they will be eating [the lamb]. 8 Then that night, they must roast the flesh over a fire and eat it with fermentation-free bread and bitter herbs.
9 ‘Now, you must not eat it raw or boiled in water, just roasted over a fire with the head, feet, and extremities. 10 Nothing should be left over until morning, and you shouldn’t break any of its bones. Then any leftovers must be burned in the fire.
11 ‘And this is how you must eat it: With your thighs covered for work, your sandals on your feet, and your walking sticks in your hands. You must eat it quickly, because it is Jehovah’s Passover. 12 For I will go throughout the land of Egypt that night and strike all the firstborn in that land (both the men and their animals), and I will bring My vengeance upon all the gods of Egypt… for I am Jehovah!
13 ‘Now, this blood will be the sign that you are inside of each house; for when I see the blood, I will protect you, and you won’t be a part of the plague of destruction when I strike the land of Egypt.
14 ‘You must always remember this day and keep it as a feast to Jehovah through all your generations… [observance of] this feast will be the law through the ages.
15 ‘You must eat fermentation-free bread for seven days. And starting on the first day, you must remove all the fermentation from your homes. For if anyone eats fermentation between the first and seventh days, that person must be destroyed in IsraEl.
16 ‘The first day will be called holy, and the seventh day will be your holy day, when you aren’t to do any hired work. The only work that you may do will be for the things that you require.
17 ‘You must observe this commandment, because this is the day that I will use My great power to bring you out of the land of Egypt… you must make this day a law through the ages for every generation! 18 You must eat fermentation-free bread from the evening of the fourteenth-day of the first month until the evening of the twenty-first day. 19 Fermentation must not be found in your homes during those seven days, and whoever eats anything with fermentation must have his life cut off from the gathering of IsraEl and he will be self-condemned in the land. This applies to the native residents of your land and your neighbors (converts). 20 Nobody should eat anything that has fermentation… only fermentation-free bread may be eaten in any of your homes.’
‘Go find yourselves a lamb (according to your family needs) and slaughter the Passover. 22 Then [cut] bunches of hyssop branches and dip them into some of the blood next to the door, and touch it to the upper part and both sides of the door frame… with this blood that is by the door. Then no one should go outside the door of his house until morning, 23 for the Lord will pass over you [as He] strikes the Egyptians… He will see the blood on the doorframes and the Lord will pass over that door. He won’t allow the destroyer to enter your homes to strike you.
24 ‘Now, keep this as a Law for yourselves and for your descendants through the ages. 25 And when you enter the land that Jehovah has promised to give you, you must keep on doing this. 26 Then if your sons should ever ask, Why are we doing this? 27 You should tell them: The Passover is a sacrifice to Jehovah for when He protected the homes of the children of IsraEl in Egypt and He struck the Egyptians, but [passed over] our homes.’
28 Thereafter, the people bowed to their faces, then the children of IsraEl went and did exactly as Jehovah had instructed Moses and Aaron.
29 Well, it was midnight when Jehovah struck all the firstborn in the land of Egypt… from the firstborn of Pharaoh who was sitting on the throne, to the firstborn of the female slave who was sitting in a dungeon, and to the firstborn of all the cattle. 30 So Pharaoh woke up that night (as did his servants and all the Egyptians) and there was a lot of screaming throughout the entire land of Egypt; for someone had died in every home.
‘Get up and leave us, both you and the children of IsraEl! Go and serve your God Jehovah as you’ve asked, 32 and take your sheep and bulls with you. But please bless me… I beg you!’
34 So the children of IsraEl took all their bread dough that hadn’t fermented yet and wrapped it in cloths, and carried it on their shoulders. 35 Then, following Moses’ instructions, they asked the Egyptians for clothing, as well as for items of silver and gold. 36 And because Jehovah had caused the Egyptians to view them favorably, they [gave them these things]… so they plundered the Egyptians.
37 Then the children of IsraEl got up and left RaMesse, traveling toward to SocChoth (which included some six-hundred-thousand men on foot) with everything they owned, 38 along with a huge number of others who left with them. This included their sheep, bulls, and many cattle. 39 [And when they got there], they baked the dough that they had brought from Egypt into fermentation-free loaves (there was still no fermentation in the dough), because the Egyptians hadn’t allowed them to stay any longer. For since they had been literally thrown out, they hadn’t been allowed enough time to properly prepare for their journey.
40 Now, though it had been four hundred and thirty years that the children of IsraEl been in the land of CanaAn and in the land of Egypt; 41 the whole army of Jehovah left the land of Egypt that night. 42 And since this was [the night] that they kept watching for Jehovah to bring them out of the land of Egypt; all the children of IsraEl were to observe it as a night of watch to Jehovah throughout all their generations.
‘This is the Law regarding the Passover: No stranger may eat it, 44 and any slave or servant that you buy must be circumcised before he can eat it. 45 However, visitors and people you hire can’t eat it. 46 It must be eaten in one house, because you can’t carry the flesh outside of the house… and no bones should be broken. 47 The entire gathering of the children of IsraEl must continue to do this.
‘And if any converts come and want to observe the Passover to Jehovah, you must circumcise all their males before they can [partake of] the sacrifice; for thereafter, they will be treated as residents in the land. However, no one who is uncircumcised may eat it. 49 So there will be just one Law, and it will apply to both the native residents and to those who come to be converts among you.’
50 Then the children of IsraEl did exactly as Jehovah had instructed Moses and Aaron. 51 And that was the day Jehovah brought the children of IsraEl out of the land of Egypt with all their armies.
1 Then the Lord told Moses: 2 ‘All the first-fathered and firstborn that open any womb among the children of IsraEl, whether of men or animals, are to be set aside as holy to Me, for they are Mine!’
‘Remember this day! [It’s the one] when you were brought out of the land of Egypt and out of the house of slavery; for Jehovah brought you out of there with His strong hand. So, fermentation must not be eaten 4 on this day of new grain that you left. 5 And when Jehovah your God brings you into the land of the CanaAnites, Chettites, Amorites, Evites, Jebusites, Gergeshites, and Pherezites, which He swore to your ancestors that He would give you (a land that is flowing with milk and honey), you must perform the same service during this month. 6 You will all eat fermentation-free bread for six days, and the seventh day will be a feast day to Jehovah… 7 so you will eat fermentation-free bread for seven days. Nothing with fermentation may be seen among you, nor may you have fermentation inside all of your borders. 8 And you must say to your sons on this day: This is how Jehovah dealt with me as I was leaving Egypt.
9 ‘Let this always serve as a sign on your hand and as something in front of your eyes to remember, so that Jehovah’s Law will always stay on your [lips]! Because, Jehovah God brought you out of Egypt with His mighty hand. 10 Therefore, each year at this same time and season, you must observe this Law.
11 ‘And when Jehovah your God brings you into the land of the CanaAnites, which He swore to your ancestors that he would give to you; 12 you must set aside every male that opens a womb to Jehovah. This includes those among your flocks and herds of cattle… as many as you have. [All the] males must be [set aside as] holy to Jehovah! 13 However, when it comes to your burros; you must offer a sheep instead… you can’t exchange it, you must buy it back [from Jehovah], and you must buy back every firstborn son.
14 ‘And if your son should ever ask you, Why are we doing this? You must tell him: Jehovah brought us out of Egypt and out of the house of slavery with His mighty hand. 15 And when Pharaoh’s heart became hard and [he refused] to send us away, [God] slaughtered all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the men and the animals. So that’s why we offer every male that opens a womb to Jehovah, and that’s why we buy back all of our firstborn sons.
16 ‘Therefore, may this be a sign on your hand and something that is always fixed in front of your eyes… because Jehovah brought you out of Egypt with His mighty hand.’
17 Well, after Pharaoh had sent the people away, God didn’t lead them toward the land of the Philistines (though it wasn’t far away), because God said: ‘[I’m doing this is to keep] the people from having a change of heart when they see war, and from thereafter returning to Egypt.’ 18 So God led them around the desert toward the Red Sea.
It was the fifth generation of the children of IsraEl that left the land of Egypt. 19 And Moses took JoSeph’s bones along, because [JoSeph] had made the children of IsraEl swear, saying:
20 Thereafter, the children of IsraEl left SucCoth and went to camp at Othom, which is near the desert. 21 God led them there using a tall column of clouds during the day (to show them the way) and a tall column of fire during the night. 22 The column of clouds was there all day long, every day, and the column of fire was always there in front of the people all night long.
1 Then the Lord said to Moses: 2 ‘Tell the children of IsraEl to turn around and set up camp in front of the village of the Magdol (the Watchtower)… between it and the sea, across from BeEl-SepPhon. Camp there in front of them, next to the sea. 3 For Pharaoh will say to his people, The children of IsraEl are just wandering around in the land, and now they’re boxed in! 4 Then I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and he will chase after you. So, Pharaoh and his whole army will bring glory to Me, and all the Egyptians will know that I am Jehovah.’ And that’s what happened.
5 Well, a report was carried to the king of the Egyptians that the people had run away. And this changed the hearts of Pharaoh and his servants against the [children of IsraEl], and they started asking:
‘What have we done by allowing the children of IsraEl to go, rather than having them [stay here and] serve us?’
6 So Pharaoh prepared his chariots and took his [whole army] with him… 7 six hundred of their best chariots, the entire Egyptian cavalry, and all his generals. 8 And it was because Jehovah had hardened the hearts of Pharaoh (the king of Egypt) and his servants that he chased after the children of IsraEl. For the children of IsraEl allowed them the upper hand, 9 and when the Egyptians caught up with them, they found them camped next to the sea.
Well, there was all of Pharaoh’s cavalry, chariots, horsemen, and entire army at a village near BeEl-SepPhon. 10 And as Pharaoh approached, the children of IsraEl could see the Egyptians coming up behind them, which terrified them, and they started calling out to Jehovah.
‘Aren’t there enough graves in the land of Egypt so that you had to bring us out here to be killed in the desert? What have you done to us by taking us out of Egypt? 12 Wasn’t it enough that we told you back in Egypt to leave us alone so that we could keep on serving the Egyptians? For it would have been better for us to serve the Egyptians than to have us die here in this desert!’
‘Don’t be afraid; Stand here and watch the salvation that comes from Jehovah through the things that He will do for us on this day. Do you see all those Egyptians today? You won’t see them again in this age, 14 because Jehovah is going to fight for you and bring peace to you!’
‘Why are they shouting to Me? Speak to the children of IsraEl and tell them to continue on! 16 Just lift your walking stick and raise your hands over the sea, and it will split open… then you can [lead] the children of IsraEl across on dry land through the midst of the sea!
17 ‘Then after that, {Look!} I will harden the hearts of Pharaoh and all the Egyptians, and they will chase after you… and that’s when Pharaoh, his army, his chariots, and all his horses will glorify Me. 18 Yes, everyone in Egypt will know that I am Jehovah when I’m glorified by Pharaoh, his chariots, and his horses.’
19 And immediately thereafter, the messenger of God who had been traveling in front of the camp of the children of IsraEl went around to its rear… for the column of clouds moved to the rear and stayed behind them, 20 between the camp of the Egyptians and the camp of IsraEl. And as it was standing there between them, it started to get dark… in fact, the night became so black that the [Egyptian army] couldn’t come any closer all-night long.
21 Then when Moses lifted his arms over the sea, the Lord pushed the water back with a strong south wind [that blew] all night long. This dried the seabed and it kept the water divided. 22 So the children of IsraEl walked down through the midst of the sea on dry land, as the walls of water stood to their right and to their left. 23 But then the Egyptians went in and chased after them… all of Pharaoh’s horses, chariots, and horsemen also went [down into] the midst of the sea.
24 Well, it was during the morning watch that Jehovah looked at the Egyptians through the columns of fire and clouds, and [He created] trouble in their camp, 25 for the wheels on their chariots sank to their axels, making them very hard to pull. And the Egyptians started saying:
‘Let’s run from the face of IsraEl, because Jehovah is fighting for them and against the Egyptians!’
‘Now, stretch your arms out over the sea and let the water fall back into its place… let it cover the Egyptian chariots and their riders.’
27 So Moses stretched his arms out over the sea, and the water returned to its place around daybreak. The Egyptians tried to run from the water, but Jehovah just kept shaking them back into the midst of the sea. 28 It returned and covered the chariots and their riders, along with the whole army of Pharaoh that followed them into the sea, leaving no survivors. 29 Yet the children of IsraEl had been able to cross through the midst of the sea on dry land with the water standing like walls on their right and on their left.
30 So Jehovah saved IsraEl from the hands of the Egyptians that day, and IsraEl could see the Egyptians lying dead on the shore. 31 And after IsraEl had witnessed Jehovah’s mighty hand in the things that He did to the Egyptians, they started fearing Jehovah… trusting in God and in His servant Moses.
20 Then the Prophetess MiriAm (Aaron’s sister) picked up her tambourine, and all the other women went to get their tambourines, and they started dancing. 21 MiriAm led them, singing:
22 Well thereafter, Moses led the children of IsraEl away from the Red Sea and into the desert of Sur. But after [traveling] through the desert for three days, they hadn’t found any water to drink. 23 And when they got to MerRha (Bitterness), they couldn’t drink the water there, because it was bitter. (That’s why [Moses] named that place Bitterness).
25 So Moses called to Jehovah, and the Lord showed him a tree, which [Moses] threw into the water… and the water became sweet. This is also the place where [God] gave him His Laws and decisions, and where He showed His approval. 26 For [the Lord] said:
‘If you will listen to the voice of Jehovah your God… if you’ll do the things that please Him, obey His Commandments, and keep all His Laws; I won’t bring any of the [plagues] upon you that I brought upon the Egyptians. For I am Jehovah, the God who provides you with healing.’
27 Then when they arrived at AiLim, they found twelve springs of water and seventy branching palm trees, so they camped there by the water.
1 Thereafter, they left AiLim, and the entire gathering of the children of IsraEl traveled into the Sin Desert, which is between AiLim and Sinai. And on the fifteenth day of the second month from their leaving the land of Egypt, 2 the entire gathering of the children of IsraEl [once again] started complaining to Moses and Aaron. 3 They told them:
‘We would rather have died [with those who were] struck by Jehovah in the land of Egypt, back when we could sit by the stew pots and eat all the bread we wanted! But now you’ve brought us out into this desert just to starve us all to death!’
‘Look! I will rain bread upon you from the skies. Then the people will go out and gather their allotment for each day, so I can test them to see whether they will follow My Law. 5 For on the sixth day they must gather all that they can, and it will be double that which they could gather on the previous days.’
‘This evening you will realize that it was Jehovah who brought you out of the land of Egypt; 7 and tomorrow morning you will see the glory of the Lord, since He has heard you complaining against Him… and what are we that you should keep complaining about us?’
‘This evening, Jehovah will give you meat to eat; and in the morning, He will provide enough bread to satisfy you. For Jehovah has heard all the complaints that you have against us… yet, what are we? You aren’t complaining against us, but against God!’
‘Now, tell the entire gathering of the children of IsraEl that they must go over and approach God, since He has heard all their complaining!’
10 So after Aaron said this to them, they all turned and faced the desert… and the glory of the Lord appeared in a cloud! 11 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said: 12
‘I’ve heard all the children of IsraEl’s complaining, so tell them: This evening you will eat meat, and in the morning you will have enough bread to satisfy you… and then you will know that I am Jehovah your God.’
13 Well that evening, a [huge flock] of quail flew in and covered the camp. 14 And the next morning, after the dew around about the camp had dried; {Look!} on the surface of the desert (lying there like frost) was small things that looked like white coriander seeds. 15 And when the children of IsraEl saw them, they asked each other:
‘What is this (heb. man-nah)?’ Because, they didn’t know what it was. And Moses told them: 16 ‘This is the bread that the Lord has given you to eat… it’s what Jehovah has approved. So, every man should gather a third of a bushel for each person in his family. You and those who are living with you should go out and gather it.’
17 And that’s what the children of IsraEl did. Though some gathered more and others gathered less, 18 the ones who gathered the full third of a bushel didn’t have any leftovers, and those who gathered less never went hungry. So they all gathered just what their households required.
20 However, many of them wouldn’t listen to Moses, and they tried to keep it until the following morning… but by then it had worms and it smelled… and all of this irritated Moses. 21 So each morning, everyone would collect all that they needed, and everything melted after the sun went down. 22 Then on the sixth day, they gathered twice as much as they needed… two-thirds of a bushel per person.
Well, all the chiefs of their gathering thereafter came and reported all that was happening to Moses. 23 And Moses asked:
‘Didn’t the Lord tell us that tomorrow is the Sabbath… a holy [day of] rest to Jehovah? Therefore, bake all that you can bake and boil all that you can boil, so that the leftovers can be stored for tomorrow!’
24 [So on the sixth day], they stored the leftovers until the next morning, just as Moses told them, and it didn’t stink and there weren’t any worms in it.
‘This is what you must eat today; for since this day is a Sabbath to Jehovah, you won’t find any of it out in the fields. 26 You must collect it for six days, but because the seventh day is a Sabbath, there won’t be any then.’
27 However, on the seventh day some of the people still went out to collect it, but they couldn’t find any. 28 So the Lord said to Moses:
‘How long are they going to fail to listen to My commands and [obey] My laws? 29 Look; I’ve given them this day as the Sabbath, and I gave them enough bread to last for two days on the sixth day. So from now on, they must all just sit there in their homes… don’t not allow anyone to leave his place on the seventh day!’
31 The children of IsraEl called this [food], manna. It looked like white coriander seeds and tasted like crackers and honey.
‘This is what Jehovah has commanded: We are to collect a third of a bushel of manna and set it aside so that future generations can see the bread that you ate in the desert after Jehovah led you out of the land of Egypt.’
‘Take a gold pot and fill it with a full third-of-a-bushel of manna, then store it away for God and keep it for future generations.’
35 As the result, the children of IsraEl ate manna for forty years. They ate manna until they got to the land of Phoenicia. 36 Now, a homer (a third of a bushel) was a tenth of an ephah (three bath measures).
1 Thereafter, the entire gathering of the children of IsraEl left the Sin Desert, following the order of their camps, and the Lord told them to camp in RaphiDin. However, there was no water for the people to drink in this place, 2 so they started shouting at Moses and saying:
‘What’s the point? Did you bring us up out of Egypt to kill us along with our children and cattle with thirst?’
‘Go before the people and bring along some of their elders. Then take the walking stick with which you slapped the [Nile] River, into your hands 6 and go to the rock in the dry place (Horeb) where {Look!} I’ll be standing before you; [then you must] strike the rock and water will pour out of it, so the people will [have something to] drink.’
Well thereafter, Moses did this in front of the sons of IsraEl. 7 And then he named that place, ‘Proof and Shouting,’ because of all the shouting of the children of IsraEl, [as they demanded that] Jehovah prove Himself. For they had asked:
‘Choose your best men and form battle lines against the Amalekites tomorrow. {Look!} I will be standing on top of the hill with the walking stick of God in my hands.’
10 So JoShua did just as Moses told him. He went out and formed his army in battle lines against the Amalekites; then Moses, Aaron, and Or went up to the top of the hill. 11 Well, whenever Moses raised his arms, IsraEl would be superior; but when he let them down, the Amalekites were more successful. 12 But soon Moses’ arms got tired, so they found a rock and had him sit on top of it; then Aaron and Or supported his arms on either side, holding them there until the sun set. 13 So JoShua drove the Amalekites and all their people away by slaughtering them with swords.
‘Write this in a scroll, so it will be remembered. Tell JoShua that I’m going to totally blot out all memory of the Amalekites from under the skies!’
15 Well after that, Moses built an altar to Jehovah there, and he named it ‘Jehovah is My Refuge,’ 16 because Jehovah was secretly waging war against all generations of the Amalekites.
1 Meanwhile, His Excellence (the priest of Midian, Moses’ father-in-law) heard of all that Jehovah had done for his people IsraEl by bringing them out of Egypt. 2 So His Excellence [went to see Moses], bringing along Moses’ woman SepPhoran (since [Moses] had sent her 3 and her two sons away). [One of his sons] was named Gersam (Visitor), because, as [Moses] said: ‘I was a visitor in a strange land,’ 4 and [the other was named] EliEzer (My God is my Helper), because as [Moses] said: ‘The God of my fathers is my helper and He rescued me from the hands of Pharaoh.’
5 His Excellence took [Moses’ family] to him in the desert… to his camp on the Mountain of God. 6 And when Moses was told, ‘Look! His Excellence (your father-in-law) is coming and he’s bringing your wife and two sons with him,’ 7 Moses went out to meet them. Then [Moses] bowed low before his father-in-law and kissed him, then they hugged each other, and he led them into his tent, 8 where Moses told his father-in-law about everything that Jehovah had done to Pharaoh and to the Egyptians for IsraEl’s sake, as well as about all the things that had happened to them along the way, and of the way Jehovah had rescued them from the hands of Pharaoh and the Egyptians.
9 Well, His Excellence was amazed by all the good things that Jehovah had done for them by rescuing them, 10 and he said:
‘Praise Jehovah, because He rescued them from the hands of Pharaoh and the Egyptians! 11 Now I now know that Jehovah is higher than all [other] gods; for He did this to those who were treating [the children of IsraEl so poorly].’
12 Then His Excellence presented whole burnt offerings and sacrifices for God, and Aaron and all the elders of IsraEl came to eat bread before God, along with Moses’ father-in-law.
13 Well, the next morning, Moses sat down to [serve as] judge for the people, and they [kept coming to] him all day long. 14 Then when His Excellence noticed all that [Moses was doing], he asked:
‘The people are coming to me to receive God’s decisions. 16 So, whenever they have a disagreement, they come to me and I judge each [case]. I teach them the Laws of God and [I judge by] His Laws.’
‘You aren’t handling this thing right, 18 for this will just wear you down… and your people will get tired of it too. You won’t be able to keep on doing this all by yourself. 19 So listen to me; I’m going to tell you what to do, and God will be with you.
‘You can be [the one] who [leads] the people in matters that pertain to God, and you can take their problems before God. 20 You should also [teach] them God’s [ways] and His Laws, and show them how to act and the things that they should be doing. 21 But keep an eye out among the people for capable, righteous men who fear God… righteous men who hate pride. Then appoint them as chiefs over thousands, chiefs over hundreds, chiefs over fifties, and chiefs over tens… 22 let them spend all their time judging. And whenever a problem is too great, then they should bring it to you. Let them help you to free up your [time] by judging the smaller cases. 23 And if you do that, God will strengthen you, you will [have time to take care of more important matters], and these people will [return to their tents] more peacefully.’
24 Well, Moses paid attention to his father-in-law’s suggestion and did everything that he said. 25 He chose capable men throughout all of IsraEl and made them chiefs of thousands, chiefs of hundreds, chiefs of fifties, and chiefs of tens. 26 Then they judged the people, and whenever a matter was too weighty, they brought it to Moses, while they judged the lighter matters.
27 After that, Moses [said goodbye] to his father-in-law, and [His Excellence] returned to his own land.
1 Well, it was on that same day (in the third month after the children of IsraEl left the land of Egypt) that they arrived in the Sinai desert. 2 They had left RaphiDin and traveled through the desert to Sinai, and IsraEl set up camp there in front of the mountain.
‘You must say this to the house of Jacob and report [My words] to the children of IsraEl: 4 You have seen all that I’ve done to the Egyptians, and how I lifted you as on the wings of eagles and drawn you close to Me. 5 Now, if you will listen to what I say and keep My Sacred Agreement, you will be a special people to Me that will be higher than all other nations. And because the whole earth is Mine, 6 you will become My holy nation and a Kingdom of Priests.
7 So Moses went back and called the people’s elders, then he laid out what God had said exactly as He said it. 8 And all the people replied unanimously, saying:
9 Then the Lord told Moses: ‘{Look!} I’m going to come to you in a column of clouds so the people can hear Me speaking to you. And after that, through the age, they will believe you.’ Then Moses reported back to the people about what the Lord had said.
‘Go down and give these solemn instructions to the people: They must cleanse themselves both today and tomorrow, and they must wash their clothes. 11 Make sure they are ready by the third day, because on the third day, the Lord will descend upon Mount Sinai before all the people. 12 Also, make sure that they keep themselves some distance from the mountain. Tell them: Be careful not to step on any part of the mountain or to touch any part of it. For anyone who touches the mountain will surely die. 13 No hand should touch it, and anyone who does so must be pelted with rocks or shot through with arrows… whether it’s a man or an animal, [he or she] must not be allowed to live! People may only climb the mountain after the voices, trumpeting, and clouds are gone.’
14 So Moses went down the mountain to the people. He then cleansed them and [had them] wash their clothes. 15 He told them: ‘Get ready… and for the next three days, no [man] should even get close to a woman!’
16 Then, as the morning of the third day dawned, there were voices, there was lightning, there was a dark cloud on Sinai, and they heard a trumpeting sound that was so loud that the people in the camp were trembling. 17 And that’s when Moses led the people out of the camp to meet God.
Well, they were all standing there, close to the camp, 18 and then the whole mountain started to smoke, because The God had descended upon it in fire… and the smoke kept rising as though it [was coming from] a furnace, which left the people in awe.
19 Then the trumpeting got even louder as Moses spoke, and God started answering him with a voice… 20 yes, Jehovah descended to the top of Mount Sinai and He called to Moses, [telling him to come to Him] on top of the mountain! So Moses went up, 21 and God then said this to Moses:
‘Go down and warn the people [again] not to approach to see God, for this will cause many of them to [die]. 22 And make sure that any Priests who come close to Jehovah God have cleansed themselves, so He doesn’t [have to] destroy some of them!’
‘The people won’t be able to approach Mount Sinai, because You warned us, saying, Set boundaries around the mountain and make it holy.’
‘Now, go down [the mountain] and bring Aaron back up here with you. But don’t allow the Priests or the people to force their way up to God, for fear that Jehovah will destroy them.’
2 ‘I am Jehovah… I’m your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt and out of the house of slavery. 3 So, you must have no gods other than Me.
4 ‘You must not make images for yourselves of anything in the skies above, on the earth below, or of things that live in the water or under the ground. 5 You must not bow before them or serve them; for I, Jehovah your God, am a zealous God, and I bring the sins of the ancestors upon the children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren of those who hate Me. 6 Yet, I am merciful to the thousands who love Me and keep My Commandments.
7 ‘You must not misuse the Name of your God Jehovah; for Jehovah your God will not forgive those who misuse His Name.
8 ‘Keep the Sabbath day and make it holy. 9 You may work and get everything done in six days. 10 However, the seventh day is the Sabbath of your God Jehovah, and you must do no work… not you, your sons, your daughters, your male servants, your female servants, your oxen, your burros, any of your cattle, or any strangers that are visiting among you. 11 For after Jehovah made the skies, the lands, the seas, and everything in them, He rested on the seventh day. Then Jehovah blest the seventh day and made it holy.
12 ‘Honor your father and mother, as Jehovah your God commanded you, so that things may go well for you and that you may live a long time in the land that Jehovah your God is giving to you.
17 ‘You must not desire your neighbor’s woman, his house, his field, his male servant, his female servant, his ox, his burro, any other animal, or anything else that belongs to your neighbor.’
18 Well all the while, the people were being distracted by all the thunder and lightning, the sounds of the trumpets, and the smoke on the mountain; and everyone was afraid and backing far away. 19 So they told Moses:
20 And Moses said to them: ‘Be courageous! For The God came here to test you and to put the fear of Him into you, so you won’t sin.’ 21 However, the people just kept backing away.
‘This is what you must say to the house of Jacob and what you must report to the children of IsraEl: Now you have seen Me speaking to you from the sky; 23 so, don’t make gods of silver or gold for yourselves. 24 You may make an Altar to Me from the dirt in whichever place that I record My name, and that’s where you must sacrifice your whole burnt offerings, as well as the peace offerings of your sheep and calves, and that’s where I will come to you and bless you.
25 ‘However, if you should choose to build a stone Altar to Me, don’t use cut stones; because, if you use tools on them, they will become unclean. 26 And don’t build any steps up to My Altar, so that the naked [parts of your bodies] will be seen from [below].’
2 ‘If you buy a Hebrew slave, he may only serve you for six years; for in the seventh year, he must be set free without cost. 3 If he comes alone, he must leave alone; but if his woman comes with him, his woman must also leave with him. 4 However, if his master gives him a woman and she gives birth to sons or daughters; she and her children belong to the master, so [the slave] will leave alone. 5 But if the slave should say, I love my master, my woman, and my children, so I don’t want to leave free; 6 his master should bring him to the judgment-seat of God and take him up to the door, where he will use an awl to punch [a hole through] his ear against the doorframe, [to signify] that he will serve [his master] through the age.
7 ‘And if anyone sells his daughter as a house slave; she may not be sent away as other female slaves are released. 8 For if she has been involved with him and if she thereafter hasn’t been found pleasing by him, he may only set her free… he may not sell her to some foreigner after that. 9 And if he has obtained the woman for his son, he must treat her as his own daughter. 10 But if he has taken her for himself, he must never deprive her of her clothing, her needs, or her companionship with him. 11 If he refuses to do any of these three things for her, she must be set free at no cost.
12 ‘If any man strikes another man and kills him, he must absolutely be put to death. 13 But if such a thing should happen by accident, or if God [allows the situation that causes the death]; I will provide a place to which the killer can run. 14 However, if someone who lies in wait and plans to murder his neighbor runs to that refuge, you must take him [far] from My Altar and put him to death.
15 ‘Whoever beats his father or mother must be put to death, 16 and whoever curses his father or mother must die.
17 ‘If someone overpowers and kidnaps one of the children of IsraEl and sells him, or if he’s caught with him; [the kidnapper] must die.
18 ‘If two men are shouting at each other and one hits the other with a rock or with his fist, and he doesn’t die but is laid up in bed; 19 the man who hit him will be cleared if the other person can get up and walk (even with the aid of a cane), as long as he pays for the lost time and the cost of his healing.
20 ‘If a man hits his male or female slave with a cane and the person dies as the result, he must be punished. 21 However if the slave continues to live a few days after that, the master shouldn’t be punished because it’s his own loss.
22 ‘If two men are fighting and [one] hits a pregnant woman and her child is born deformed as the result; he must be forced to pay whatever amount her man demands of him. 23 But if the child is born perfectly formed [though injured], he must pay life for life, 24 eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, 25 burning for burning, wound for wound, whipping for whipping.
26 ‘If anyone should hit their male or female slave in the eye and put it out, that slave should be set free because of the eye injury. 27 And if he [breaks or knocks out] a male or female slave’s tooth, that slave must be set free because of the tooth.
28 ‘If a bull gores a man or a woman and he or she dies, the bull must be stoned to death and its flesh may not be eaten… however, the bull’s owner will be [free of guilt]. 29 But if the bull has been known to gore before and the owner was told and hasn’t done anything about it, and then it kills a man or woman; the bull must be stoned and its owner must also die. 30 However, if a ransom is demanded instead, he must pay whatever is asked for his life.
31 ‘If a bull gores someone’s son or daughter; it must be handled according to the law that was given. 32 But if the bull gores a male or female slave; their master must be paid thirty double-silver coins, and the bull must be stoned.
33 ‘If anyone digs an open pit or a hole in rock and fails to cover it, and an ox or a burro falls into it; 34 the owner of the pit must pay a compensation to [the animal’s] owner, but the dead [animal] will thereafter be his.
35 ‘And if a man’s bull should gore his neighbor’s bull and kill it; they must sell the living bull and divide the money, then divide up the dead bull. 36 However, if the bull has been known to gore in the past and his owner knew about this and failed to do anything about it; he must pay for the bull, and the dead one won’t be his.’
1 ‘If someone should steal an ox or a sheep and kills it or sells it; he must pay back five calves for a calf, and four sheep for a sheep. 2 And if a thief should be caught inside a fence and is beaten and dies as the result; no one will be found guilty [of killing him]. 3 However, if someone [kills a thief] the next day, he is guilty and should be [put to death].
‘If a thief has nothing left [of what he stole]; he can be sold [as a slave] to repay what he has stolen. 4 But if the thing he stole is still around and can be found alive in his possession (as with an ox or a sheep); he must pay back twice as much.
5 ‘And if anyone [has allowed his cattle] to strip his own field or vineyard, and then he sends his animals to graze in someone else’s field; he must [pay his neighbor back] out of the produce from his own field. But if the animals strip [his neighbor’s] entire field; he must pay with the best of his field and the best of his vineyard.
6 ‘Now, if [someone sets a] fire (even if he thinks it has gone out) and it burns a threshing floor or a field of grain; the one who sets the fire must pay a compensation.
7 ‘If anyone gives his neighbor money or other [valuables] to keep and they are stolen from the man’s house; the thief must repay double if he’s caught. 8 But if the thief isn’t caught, the owner of the house must stand before God and swear that he hasn’t done anything wrong to whatever his neighbor left with him. 9 Then every accusation, whether it involves a calf, a burro, a sheep, some clothing (or whatever)… every claim of loss must be taken before God. And anyone who is found guilty by God must repay his neighbor with twice as much.
10 ‘And if anyone leaves a calf, a sheep, or any other animal with his neighbor and it is wounded or it dies – and no one knows for sure how it happened – 11 each must swear an oath to God that he isn’t guilty in any way. Then his master should find him innocent and he won’t have to pay a compensation. 12 However, if it was stolen from him; he must repay the owner. 13 And if someone stole any other type of animal; [he must] return the animal to its owner, and he won’t have to pay a compensation.
14 ‘If anyone borrows [an animal] from his neighbor and it is wounded, or dies, or is stolen while its owner is away; he must be compensated for it. 15 But if the owner is there; he doesn’t have to pay compensation. And if it is something that he rented; [the owner] must be paid back in lieu of his rent.
16 ‘If anyone deceives a virgin to whom he isn’t engaged, and [has sex] with her; he must take her as his woman. 17 But if her father refuses and won’t consent to giving her to be his woman; he must pay her father the amount of dowry that is required for a virgin.
21 ‘You must not harm strangers or oppress them, because you were once strangers in the land of Egypt.
22 ‘You must not do anything to harm widows or orphans. 23 For if you treat them badly, they should call out to Me and I will hear them… 24 and that will make Me very angry. Then you will be killed with a sword, so that your woman will become a widow and your children will become orphans.
25 If you lend money to one of your poor brothers who lives nearby; you shouldn’t be hard on him and you shouldn’t charge him interest. 26 And if you take your neighbor’s robe as security, you must make sure that he gets it back before sunset. 27 Since it is all that covers his nakedness, how could he then go to bed? And if he calls out to Me, I will listen, because I am merciful.
28 ‘You should never speak badly of your mighty ones (gr. Theous – gods plural) or say bad things about the rulers of your people.
29 ‘You must never hold back the first fruitage of your threshing floor [or of your olive or wine] press.
‘You must give your first-born sons to Me, 30 as well as those of your calves, sheep, and burros. They may stay under their mothers for seven days, but on the eighth day, you must offer them to Me.
31 ‘You must be a holy [people] to Me; therefore, you may not eat the flesh of wild animals… you should throw it to the dogs.’
1 ‘You should not accept false testimony, nor should you allow anyone who is crooked to provide false testimony.
2 ‘You must not join a mob to do bad things, nor should you go along with with the majority when they are wrong.
3 ‘If a man is found guilty, you must not [free him from his responsibilities] just because he’s poor, 4 nor should you [find any man guilty] because he’s poor.
5 ‘If you find your enemy’s ox or burro wandering loose, you must catch it and return it to him. 6 And if you see your enemy’s burro collapsed under its load, you shouldn’t just pass it by. You must help him to get it back on its feet.
7 ‘Never do anything that’s unfair. You shouldn’t kill the innocent along with the guilty, or accept a bribe to find a guilty person innocent. 8 Nor should you accept gifts [when judging], because gifts blind the eyes of those who can see and twist the words of justice.
9 ‘You should never mistreat a stranger, because you know how they feel, since you were once strangers in the land of Egypt.
10 ‘You can plant your field and harvest it for six years. 11 However, every seven years you must leave it alone and allow it to rest, so the poor of your nation can [find] food there, and the wild animals can eat whatever is left. That’s also what you must do to your vineyards and your olive groves.
12 ‘You should work for six days, but the seventh day is a day of rest, so that your burro, your ox, the sons of your female slaves, and strangers may be refreshed.
13 ‘Guard all the things that I have commanded you, and don’t mention the names of other gods or speak of them in any way.
14 ‘You must hold a feast to Me three times each year. 15 Be sure to observe the Feast of Fermentation-Free Bread. You must eat fermentation-free bread for seven days (as I told you before) during the time of the month of new grain, because that’s when you came out of Egypt… and don’t approach Me empty-handed!
16 ‘You must observe a feast when you harvest the first-fruits of your work, no matter what you have planted in your field. And [you must observe] a feast at the end of the year when you harvest the crops in your field. 17 So, all your males must appear before Jehovah your God three times each year.
18 ‘And when I drive the other nations out of your midst and widen your borders, you must never offer fermented bread along with the blood sacrifices, nor should the fat of My feast be allowed to stay [on the altar] until the next morning.
20 ‘{Look!} I’m going to send My messenger to you in order to keep you headed in the right direction; for he will lead you into the land that I have prepared for you. 21 Be sure to listen to him… obey him! He won’t give in to you, because he carries My Name.
22 ‘Tell the children of IsraEl that if they will listen to what I say and do everything that I tell them, I will be an enemy to their enemies, and I will oppose anyone who is against them. 23 Then I will send My messenger to serve as their leader, and [he will] bring them to [the land of] the Amorites, Chettites, Pherezites, CanaAnites, Gergeshites, Evites, and Jebusites, whom I will destroy. 24 But [IsraEl] must not worship or serve the gods [of those people], nor should they do any of the things that they are doing. Rather, [those people] must all be destroyed and their [sacred] columns must be pulled down.
25 ‘If you serve Jehovah your God, I will bless your bread, your wine, and your water, and I will keep you from getting sick. 26 There won’t be anyone in your land who is impotent or infertile, and you will live full lives. 27 I will send terror ahead you, all the nations in the land you’re entering will be amazed by you, and I will make all your enemies run from you. 28 I will send hornets ahead of you to drive the Amorites, Evites, CanaAnites, and the Chettites away from you. 29 I won’t throw them out in the first year, so the fields don’t grow wild and allow wild animals to multiply there. 30 But before long, I will start throwing them out ahead of you, until you grow and inherit the land. 31 Then I will set your borders from the Red Sea to the [MediTerranean], and from the desert to the great EuPhrates River.
‘Since I will be handing over those who are living in the land and driving them away from you, 32 you must make no treaties with them or with their gods. 33 For they won’t be allowed to live in your land, lest they cause you to sin against Me. Because, if you serve their gods, that will lead to your downfall.’
‘I want you, Aaron, Nadab, AbiUd, and seventy of IsraEl’s elders to come to Me and bow before [Me] from a distance. 2 And thereafter, I want you to come close to Me by yourself… none of the others should come any closer!’
3 So Moses went and told the people about everything God had said and about His Laws. And the people unanimously answered all together:
4 Then Moses wrote down everything that the Lord said. And early the next morning, he built an Altar at the base of the mountain using twelve stones [to represent] the twelve tribes of IsraEl. 5 Thereafter, he sent young men from the children of IsraEl to offer up whole burnt offerings and to sacrifice young calves as peace offerings to God. 6 Thereafter, Moses took half of the blood and poured it into bowls, and he poured the other half on the Altar.
7 Next, [Moses] took the scroll of the Sacred Agreement [that he wrote] and read it to the people. And they [again] said:
‘{Look!} This is the blood of the Sacred Agreement that Jehovah has made with you over the things to which you’ve agreed.’
9 And thereafter, Moses, Aaron, Nadab, AbiUd, and seventy of the elders of IsraEl went up [the mountain], 10 where they saw the place that the God of IsraEl was standing; and under His feet [they saw] what looked like slabs of cut sapphires that were as pure as the skies. 11 So all the chosen ones of IsraEl stood there in the presence of God – none were missing (not one) – and they ate and drank.
‘[I want you to] come [back] up the mountain to Me and stay here; for I will now give you the tablets of stone containing the Laws and Commandments that I have written.’
13 So [the next day], Moses got up and took his assistant JoShua to climb the mountain of God along with him. 14 And they told the elders:
‘Rest here until we return. Look! Aaron and Or will be here with you; so if there are any [cases] that have to be tried, let them handle it.’
15 Then Moses and JoShua climbed the mountain, which was shrouded in a cloud. 16 And the glory of The God came down on Mount Sinai, and the cloud covered it for six days. Then Jehovah called to Moses from the midst of the cloud on the seventh day.
17 Well, to the Children of IsraEl, the glory of Jehovah looked like a fire that was burning on top of the mountain.
18 Then Moses entered the cloud and climbed the mountain, where he stayed for forty days and forty nights.
‘Speak to the children of IsraEl and [ask for] the first fruits of everything that their hearts are willing to give… then you must [collect] it [and set it aside]. 3 These are the offerings that you are to ask for: gold, silver, bronze, 4 blue [thread], purple [yarn], scarlet [cloth], fine-spun linen, goats’ hair, 5 ram’s skins that are dyed red and blue, and durable wood. 6 [You should also ask for] lamp oil, fragrances for anointing oil, ingredients for incense, 7 and for rubies and other [precious] stones that will fit into a breastplate, as well as a full-length robe.
8 ‘You must now make a Sacred Place for Me, where I can appear among you. 9 Everything you make for Me must follow the patterns that I will show you on the Mountain. There will be a pattern for the Sacred Place and patterns for all of its furnishings. And that’s how you are to make them.
10 ‘You must also build a Chest for the Proofs. [Build it] from durable wood. It must be fifty inches wide, thirty inches deep, and thirty inches tall. 11 Cover it with pure gold both inside and out, and put spun gold wreaths around it. 12 You must create four gold rings for it, and mount two rings on each side. 13 Then make [two] staves of durable wood, cover them with gold, 14 and put the staves into the rings on the sides of the Chest, to carry it. 15 These staves should always be left in the rings on the Chest. 16 Then you must put the Proofs that I will give to you inside the Chest.
17 ‘You must also make the Propitiatory. It is to be a lid of pure gold, fifty inches long and thirty inches wide. 18 And you will carve two cherubs from gold and mount them on the Propitiatory. 19 A cherub will be mounted on this side of the Propitiatory, and a cherub will be mounted on its other side, so there will be a cherub on each side. 20 The cherubs will face each other with their heads bowed toward the Propitiatory. And they must have wings that are outstretched over them that [extend forward] over the Propitiatory. 21 Then the Propitiatory must be put on top of the Chest, which will contain the Proofs that I will give to you.
22 ‘This is where I will make My presence known to you. I will speak to you from above the Propitiatory, between the two cherubs on the Chest of Proofs. It is there that I will talk to you and instruct you concerning everything that has to do with the children of IsraEl.
23 ‘You are also to make a table of pure gold that is forty inches long, twenty inches wide, and thirty inches tall. 24 It must have gold wreaths going around it and a six-inch rim 25 that has a spun wreath circling it. 26 You must also make four gold rings and fasten them to the four feet under the rim. 27 These rings will be supports for the staves that will be used to carry the table. 28 The staves should be made of durable wood and covered with pure gold, for carrying the table.
29 ‘You should also make dishes, incense burners, bowls, and cups (for drink offerings) out of pure gold. 30 These must always be set before Me on the table of Show Bread.
31 ‘You must also shape a lampstand from pure gold. The whole thing – it’s stem, branches, sockets, knobs, and lilies – must be a single piece. 32 It is to have six branches that come from its sides… three branches for lamps on one side and three branches for lamps on the other side. 33 [Each branch] that comes from the lampstand should be topped with an almond-shaped socket [to hold the lamps], which is to be mounted above a knob and a lily. 34 Each will have four sockets that are shaped like almonds, and the knobs and flowers on each branch should be the same. 35 There will be a knob under two branches and a knob under four branches that come from it, so that six branches come from the lampstand, and each will have four bowls shaped like almonds. 36 The knobs and the branches must be a single piece that is carved from a block of pure gold. 37 So there must be seven lamps that all shine from the same side.
38 ‘You must also make funnels and serving plates of pure gold. 39 They should each be made with a measurement of pure gold, 40 using the pattern that I will show you on the mountain.’
1 ‘Then you must make the Tent with ten curtains of fine-spun linen, blue [thread], purple [yarn], and scarlet [cloth], with a pattern of cherubs woven into them. 2 The curtains must be forty-seven feet long and six and three-quarters feet tall. All the curtains must be the same size. 3 Five of the curtains will be joined to each other, and the other five will be closely connected to each other.
4 ‘You must put blue loops on one side of each curtain and [loops] on the other side to [join them]. 5 There should be fifty loops [on one side] and fifty loops at the same locations on the other side to connect them. 6 Then you must make fifty gold rings that will hold the curtains together so as to make it a single Tent.
7 ‘You must make a roof for the Tent using eleven sections of [goat hair cloth]. 8 Each section should be fifty feet long, six and three-quarters feet wide, and all eleven should be the same size. 9 Then connect [the cloths in strips of] fives, and attach the sixth [cloth] and fold it over the front of the Tent. 10 Then make fifty loops on the side of the [cloth] and fifty loops on the edge of the second one, where they will be joined. 11 And make fifty bronze rings and use them to connect the loops, then tie the [cloths] together to form a single piece.
12 ‘Next, connect the [eleventh cloth] to the roof of the Tent at its centerfold, and allow half of it to hang down. Also, any extra [cloth] should hang over the sides of the Tent… 13 twenty inches of [cloth] should hang over each side of the Tent to cover it. 14 Then make another covering from ram’s skins that have been dyed red and blue, and put it over the [Tent] roof.
15 ‘You must also make tent posts from durable wood. 16 Each post should be seven and three-quarters feet long and two and a half feet thick. 17 All the posts should have two joints for connections. 18 You should make twenty posts for the north side, 19 and forty silver sockets should be made to connect them, with a [base] socket for each of the posts. 20 Then make twenty posts for the south side of the Tent, 21 and forty silver sockets to connect each end of the posts. 22 And for the side of the Tent that faces west, 23 you must make six posts plus two corner posts for its backside. 24 They must all be the same and join at the same spots on each end, so all the corners are equal. 25 There are eight posts, which need sixteen silver sockets, one for each end of each post.
26 ‘And you must make rafters of durable wood. Make five for the posts on one side of the Tent, 27 five for the posts on the other side of the Tent, five for the posts in the rear, and one for the side of the Tent that faces the sea. 28 This center rafter should run between the posts lengthwise from end to end. 29 The posts should be covered with gold and fitted with gold rings to hold the rafters, and all the rafters must be covered with gold. 30 Then you must assemble the Tent according to the pattern that I will show you on the mountain.
31 ‘Thereafter, you must make a veil of spun blue [thread], purple [yarn], scarlet [cloth], and fine-spun linen that will have cherubs woven into it. 32 You must mount it on four posts of durable wood that are overlaid with gold and with gold covering each of their caps, as well as silver sockets for the base of each one. 33 Then mount the veil on the posts and carry it inside to serve as a veil for the Chest of Proofs. This veil will form the separation between the Holy Place and the Holiest of Holies. 34 Use the veil as a screen for the Chest of Proofs in the Holiest of Holies.
35 ‘Next, put a table outside of the veiled area, on the north side of the Tent, and put the lampstand opposite the table on the south side of the Tent.
36 ‘Then make a veil as a door for the Tent out of blue [thread], purple [yarn], scarlet [cloth], and embroidered fine-spun linen. 37 You must make five posts for the veil that are capped at the top and covered with gold, and bronze sockets for the base of each one.
1 ‘Then you must make an Altar of durable wood that will be square, eight and a quarter feet long, eight and a quarter feet wide, and five feet high. 2 You must also create horns for each of the four corners. They will be made of a single piece and overlaid with bronze. 3 You must make a rim for the Altar and a covering, plus cups, meat hooks, a fire pan and all its utensils, from bronze. 4 You must also make a bronze meshed grating with four bronze rings, one for each of its four sides. 5 Mount the rings under the grating and center it in the middle of the Altar.
6 ‘You must also make Altar staves from durable wood that are to be overlaid with bronze. 7 Then put the staves into the rings on each side of the Altar, to carry it. 8 [The Altar] will be hollow and made from wood in a way that will be shown [to you] on the mountain.
9 ‘You must also make a courtyard for the Tent. On the south side, its curtains should be made of fine-spun linen and they will run a hundred and sixty-seven feet long. 10 They will require twenty posts and twenty bronze sockets, as well as silver rings and clasps. 11 The curtains on the north side will also run a hundred and sixty-seven feet long, with twenty posts, twenty bronze sockets, as well as the rings and the clasps for the posts. However, their sockets must be overlaid with silver. 12 The curtains on the west side of the [courtyard] must run eighty-four feet with ten posts and ten sockets. 13 And along the width of the [courtyard], on the south side, there should also be curtains that run eighty-four feet long, with ten posts and ten sockets.
14 ‘There must be a twenty-five foot [awning] on one side of the [courtyard entrance], which is to be [supported by] three posts and three sockets. 15 And on the other side, there must be an [awning] that runs twenty-five feet, with three posts and three sockets.
16 ‘The courtyard entrance must be a thirty-three-foot-high veil of blue [thread], purple [yarn], scarlet [cloth], and fine-spun embroidered linen. It should have four posts and four sockets. 17 All the courtyard posts are to be overlaid with silver, with silver caps and bronze sockets.
18 ‘So the length of the courtyard will be a hundred and sixty-three feet, its width should be eighty-two feet, and its height must be eight feet… all of fine spun linen mounted on sockets of bronze. 19 And all the furnishings, instruments, and pins for the courtyard are [to be made of] bronze.
20 ‘Now, give instructions to the children of IsraEl and have them bring you pure, refined olive oil that has been beaten for burning in a lamp, so the lamps may be kept burning continually 21 inside the Tent of Proofs, but outside of the veil that hides the Chest of the Sacred Agreement. Aaron and his sons must keep them burning all night long before Jehovah. This is the rule that must be followed through all generations of the children of IsraEl.’
1 ‘Now, I want you to choose your brother Aaron and his sons Nadab, AbiUd, EliEzer, and IthaMar, who are all children of IsraEl, to be My servants. 2 You must make holy clothing for your brother Aaron, to honor and glorify [him]. 3 So, talk to all the wise and understanding [people] that I have filled with the spirit of wisdom and comprehension, and have them make holy clothing for Aaron to wear in the Holy Place, where he will serve as a Priest to Me. 4 These are the clothes that they must make:
5 ‘They must take gold and fine-spun linen with blue [thread], purple [yarn], and scarlet [cloth], 6 and embroider them [to serve as] the shoulder pieces. 7 Both shoulder pieces must be joined together and fastened on each side. 8 They should be woven as a single piece of pure gold with blue [thread], purple [yarn], scarlet [cloth], and fine-spun linen.
9 ‘Then you must take two large emeralds and engrave the names of IsraEl’s sons on them, 10 with six names on the first stone and the other six names on the second stone, in the order of their births. 11 It must be done artistically by a stone engraver in raised letters like a seal, for each of the names of the children of IsraEl. 12 Then mount these stones on each of the shoulder pieces. They are to be memorial stones of the children of IsraEl. Therefore, Aaron will wear the names of the children of IsraEl before Jehovah on his shoulders, in memory of them.
13 ‘Then you must make [two] small rings of pure gold, 14 and two fringes mixed with flowers and wreaths of pure gold. Mount the wreathed fringes on the small rings and fasten them to the front of the shoulder pieces.
15 ‘Then you must make The Word of Judgment. It is to be embroidered; and to keep the theme of the rest of the sacred clothing, you should make it of gold, blue [thread], purple [yarn], scarlet [cloth], and fine-spun linen. 16 Make it square, nine inches long and nine inches wide, and doubled. 17 Then, four columns of stones should be woven into it. The first column will have a ruby, a topaz, and an emerald. 18 The second column will have a carbuncle, a sapphire, and a jasper. 19 The third column will have a jacinth, an agate, and an amethyst. 20 And the fourth column will have a peridot, a beryl, and an onyx. All should be mounted in gold settings with gold clasps. Make sure they’re assembled in that order. 21 Then each stone must be engraved like a seal with the name of [one of] the twelve children of IsraEl in his order.
22 ‘The Word of Judgment must also have woven fringed chains of pure gold. 23 Make two gold rings for it and place them on either side of the Word. 24 And along the border, connect the chains to the rings on each side of the Word. 25 Then on each side of the two borders, you must place the wreaths. Place them on the sides of the shoulder piece, opposite each other and toward the front. 26 Thereafter, make two more gold rings and place them on the tips of the Word on the back side and within the shoulder pieces. 27 Also, make two more gold rings, place them on the shoulder pieces on their bottom edges toward the front, to serve as couplings above the woven portions of the shoulder pieces. 28 Then secure the Word by its gold rings that are sewed to the blue work to the gold rings on the shoulder pieces, so that it is held tightly to the woven work on the shoulder pieces above it.
29 ‘Thereafter, Aaron must wear the names of the sons of IsraEl on the Word of Judgment whenever he enters the Holy Place, as a reminder before God. 30 And you must place the Revelation and the Truth over The Word of Judgment, which Aaron will wear into the Holy Place whenever he goes before Jehovah. So, Aaron will always bear the judgments of the sons of IsraEl on his chest whenever he goes before Jehovah.
31 And you are also to make an undergarment [for him] that is entirely blue and reaches to his feet. 32 The middle portion is to be a woven work that is coupled to the rest so it can’t be torn; 33 then along the bottom hem, there are to be blossoming pomegranates all around that are woven from blue [thread], purple [yarn], scarlet [cloth], and fine-spun linen, surrounded by pomegranates and bells of gold in between. 34 And between the gold pomegranates, there are to be bells and a flowered work along the hem. 35 [These bells] will ring whenever Aaron enters and leaves to officiate before Jehovah, so he doesn’t die.
36 ‘You must also make a plate of pure gold, into which you must carve the impression, Holy to Jehovah. 37 It is to be fastened to the front of the turban with blue yarn 38 and worn upon Aaron’s forehead, so he can lift away the sins of the holy things that the sons of IsraEl offer as holy gifts. It must always be there on Aaron’s head whenever he accepts their gifts.
39 ‘The fringes on the undergarments must be made of linen, and you must make a turban of fine linen, as well as a sash of embroidered work. 40 You are also to make undergarments, turbans, and sashes for Aaron’s sons, so that they may be honored and glorified. 41 You must put them upon your brother Aaron and his sons, then anoint them and empower their hands. Make them Holy, so that they can officiate as Priests before Me.
42 ‘You must also make linen pants for them (to cover the indecency of their flesh) that run from their loins to their thighs. 43 Aaron and his sons must wear them whenever they enter the Tent of Proofs and whenever they serve at the Altar of the Holy Place, so they don’t bring sin upon themselves and die. This is the rule for him and his seed through the ages.’
1 ‘These are the things that you must do to them to make [Aaron and his sons] holy, so they can serve Me as Priests: Take one young calf from the herd and two perfect rams. 2 Then make some fermentation-free bread with the finest wheat flour that has been kneaded with oil, and some fermentation-free round cakes with oil poured over them. 3 Then put them into a basket to be offered along with the young calf and the two rams.
4 ‘Then bring Aaron and his sons to the entrance of the Tent of Proofs and wash them with water. 5 Thereafter, get the [sacred] garments and dress your brother Aaron with the full-length robe, the chest covering, and the Word (of Judgment), and tie the Word to the chest covering. 6 Then put the turban on his head and mount the plate of Holiness on the turban, 7 and thereafter take the anointing oil and anoint him by pouring it over his head. 8 Then bring his sons in and dress them… 9 wrap them with sashes and put on their turbans to create a Priesthood for Me through the ages.
‘After that, you must empower Aaron and his sons. 10 Bring the calf to the entrance of the Tent of Proofs and have Aaron and his sons lay their hands upon the calf’s head before Jehovah. 11 Then you must slaughter the calf before Jehovah there at the entrance to the Tent of Proofs. 12 Take the calf’s blood and wipe it on the horns of the Altar with your finger, and pour the rest of the blood out at the base of the Altar. 13 Then take all its belly fat, its liver and kidneys, along with any fat that’s on them, and [burn] them on the Altar. 14 However, the calf’s flesh, skin, and manure must be burned outside of the camp as an [offering] for sins.
15 ‘Next, take one of the rams, and have Aaron and his sons lay their hands on its head, 16 and slaughter it. Collect the blood and pour it on and around the Altar, 17 then cut the ram into several pieces and wash the insides and the feet with water, and set the pieces and the head aside. 18 Then you must put the whole ram on the Altar as a burnt offering and a sweet-smelling delight to Jehovah. It will be like incense to Jehovah.
19 ‘Then take the second ram, and have Aaron and his sons lay their hands on its head; 20 you must slaughter it and collect the blood, and touch a little of the blood to the tip of Aaron’s right ear, to the thumb of his right hand, and to the big toe of his right foot. [Then touch some of it to] the tips of his sons’ right ears, the thumbs of their right hands, and the big toes of their right feet. 21 Then take some of the blood from the Altar and [mix it with] anointing oil, and sprinkle it on Aaron and on his clothes, as well as on his sons and on his sons’ clothes. This will purify him and his clothing, and his sons and their clothing. Then pour the rest of the blood out around the Altar.
22 ‘After that, [set aside] all of the ram’s fat, including the belly fat, the liver and kidneys and any fat on them, and the right shoulder, to complete [the ceremony]. 23 And take one of the round cakes [that have been covered] with oil and one loaf from the basket of fermentation-free bread, and set them before Jehovah. 24 Then give the rest to Aaron and his sons. But the [loaf and the round cake] must be offered separately to Jehovah. 25 Take them from the hands of the Priests and put them on the Altar, then burn them as offerings of sweet-smelling delights to Jehovah.
26 ‘Then you must remove the ram’s breast at the end of ceremony for Aaron. It is to be offered before Jehovah… and [the rest] must be shared with you. 27 You must cut up the breast and the shoulder that was removed from the last lamb and give it to Aaron and his sons. 28 This will be a requirement for the children of IsraEl and for Aaron and his sons through the ages. This is to be a separate and special offering to Jehovah from the children of IsraEl, as one of their peace offerings.
29 ‘The clothing that Aaron wears inside the Holy Place must thereafter be passed on to his [future generations, after he dies], so his [descendants] can be anointed in them and empowered when they wear them. 30 The Priests among his descendants that succeed him and who enter the Tent of Proofs to serve in the Most Holy, must wear them for seven days.
31 ‘You must then boil the flesh of the last lamb in the Holy Place, 32 and Aaron and his sons will eat the ram’s flesh with the loaves [of bread] in the basket, next to the Tent of Proofs. 33 They will eat the offerings that were used to make them holy and to empower them. They can’t be eaten by anyone else, because these things are holy. 34 And if the sacrificed flesh of the final sacrificial lamb and the bread should be left until the next morning, it must all be burned, not eaten, because it is something that is holy.
35 ‘You must always do this for Aaron and his sons, just as I’ve told you. The empowerment will take seven days. 36 You must sacrifice the calf for the sin offering on the cleaning day, and then you will clean the Altar where you will sacrifice the last lamb, and anoint it to make it holy. 37 The Altar must be cleaned and made holy for each of the seven days, because the Altar is very holy, and anyone who touches it must also be holy.
38 ‘These are the sacrifices that you must offer on the Altar: Two perfect yearling lambs must be offered each day, 39 one in the morning and the other in the evening. 40 And each lamb should be offered along with three quarts of fine flour that has been mixed with a quart of [olive] oil and with a quart of wine as a drink offering. 41 You must offer the same things with the second lamb [that is sacrificed] in the evening (which includes the drink offering) as a sweet-smelling delight to Jehovah. 42 This sacrifice is to be offered before Jehovah by all your generations through the ages at the entrance to the Tent of Proofs. That’s where I will be made known to you and where I will speak to you from now on. 43 This is where I will instruct the children of IsraEl, and where I will be treated as holy in My glory.
44 ‘I will make the Tent of Proofs and its Altar holy, and I will make Aaron and his sons holy, so they can serve Me as Priests. 45 Here the children of IsraEl will call to Me, and I will be their God. 46 Then they will know that I am Jehovah, the God who brought them out of the land of Egypt, so they can call on Me and I can be their God.’
1 ‘You must also make an incense Altar from durable wood. 2 It should be twenty inches long, twenty inches wide, and forty inches tall; and it should have horns that are made from a single piece [of wood]. 3 Its grating, all its sides, and its horns must be covered with pure gold. It should have wreathed edges of gold all around, 4 and under the wreathes you must put two rings of pure gold on each side, to serve as supports for the staves that you will use to carry it. 5 The staves must be made from durable wood and covered with gold.
6 ‘Then place [the incense Altar] in front of the veil that [hides] the Chest of Proofs where I will make My presence known to you. 7 Aaron must burn a fine compound of incense on [this Altar] each morning, after he snuffs the lamps. 8 And when Aaron lights the lamps in the evening, he must burn incense on it again. So, incense will be offered continuously before Jehovah throughout your generations. 9 You must not offer a different type of incense on it, set any fires on it, offer any sacrifices on it, or pour drink offerings on it. 10 And at the same time each year, Aaron must offer the reconciliation for their generations on its horns with the blood of purification, because it is very holy to Jehovah.’
11 Then the Lord told Moses: 12 ‘I want you to take a census of the children of IsraEl, and each [person] must pay Jehovah a ransom for his life, so no one will be destroyed when they are visited. 13 This is what everyone who is surveyed must give: half a double-silver coin (or twenty copper coins), which is to be used for the Holy Place as an offering to Jehovah. 14 Everyone from twenty years old and up who answers to the census must pay this offering to Jehovah. 15 The rich won’t pay any more, and the poor won’t pay any less than the half double-silver coin that they must offer to reconcile their lives with Jehovah. 16 Then you must take the money that the children of IsraEl pay and use it for the services at the Tent of Proofs. The children of IsraEl must always remember to do this, so as to reconcile their lives [with Jehovah].’
‘You must make a bronze bowl with a bronze base for washing. It must be put between the Tent of Proofs and the Altar, and you must fill it with water. 19 Then Aaron and his sons must use the water to wash their hands and feet. 20 For whenever they enter the Tent of Proofs, they must wash themselves with the water, so they won’t die. And they must do [the same] whenever they go to the Altar for services or to burn sacrifices to Jehovah. 21 In addition, they must wash their hands and feet in the water whenever they enter the Tent of Proofs, so they don’t die. This is the rule for him and his descendants through the ages.’
22 Then the Lord told Moses, 23 ‘You must also gather these sweet-smelling items for the Holy Place: sixteen pounds of choice myrrh flowers, eight pounds of sweet-smelling cinnamon, eight pounds of sweet-smelling calamus, 24 sixteen pounds of cassia, and a gallon of olive oil. 25 This must then be professionally formulated to make a perfumed holy anointing oil that is to be used for sacred purposes. 26 Then you must use it to anoint the Tent of Proofs, the Chest inside the Tent of Proofs 27 and all of its furnishings, as well as the lampstand and its furnishings, the incense Altar, 28 the Altar of whole burnt-offerings and all its furnishings, the table and all its furnishings, and the wash basin. 29 You must cleanse them and make them extremely holy… and then everyone who touches them will become holy. 30 Thereafter, you must anoint Aaron and his sons and cleanse them, so they can serve Me as Priests.
31 ‘Then say to the children of IsraEl: This will be your holy anointing oil throughout all your generations. 32 It should never be poured on a man’s skin, and no one should make any of this for himself using the same formula, because it is holy, and it should be [treated as] holy by you. 33 So if anyone makes anything like it and gives it to a stranger, he must be destroyed from among his people.
34 ‘Also, gather these sweet-smelling substances: sweet myrrh oil, snail shells, sweet galbanum, and transparent frankincense. They are to be combined in equal measures 35 in a professional way, to make perfumed incense that will be pure and holy. 36 It must all be beaten into a fine powder and put in front of the Proofs inside the Tent of Proofs, where I will make My presence known to you. It must be treated as a most-holy incense by you, 37 so you shouldn’t make any for yourselves by this formula, because it is something holy to Jehovah. 38 Whoever makes anything like it so they can smell it must be destroyed from among his people.
1 Then the Lord told Moses: 2 ‘{Look!} I have called on BeSeleEl (the son of Urias and the grandson of Or of the tribe of Judah) 3 and I have filled him with the Breath of God and with the wisdom, understanding and knowledge to be creative in all fields. 4 [He understands] carpentry and how to work with gold, silver, and bronze; [how to work with] blue thread, purple yarn and spun scarlet material, as well as 5 how to do stone working and wood crafting… how to do everything. 6 So I have chosen him, as well as EliAb (the son of AchiSamach of the tribe of Dan) and anyone else into whose heart I have put talent, to make everything that I’ve talked to you about. 7 [This includes] the Tent of Proofs, the Chest of the Sacred Agreement and the Propitiatory that sits on top of it, all the furnishings of the Tent, 8 the Altars, the table and its furnishings, 9 the pure lampstand and its furnishings, the wash bowl and its base, 10 Aaron’s official garments and the garments for his sons to serve Me as Priests, 11 the anointing oil, and the incense for the Holy Place. They will make these things just the way I’ve told you.’
12 And the Lord said to Moses: 13 ‘Also tell the children of IsraEl that they must pay attention and keep My Sabbaths, because these are the sign between us through the generations that they know that I am the Lord who makes them holy. 14 They must guard the Sabbaths as something that is holy to them. So, anyone who dishonors them must be put to death, and anyone who works on [those days] must have their lives destroyed from the midst of their people. 15 They may work for six days, but the seventh day is the Sabbath… a holy [day of] rest to Jehovah, and anyone who works on the seventh day must be put to death. 16 The children of IsraEl must keep the Sabbaths and obey them throughout their generations, 17 for this is to be an Agreement through the ages between the children of IsraEl and Me. It is their sign to Me through the ages, because Jehovah made the skies and the lands in six days, and He stopped and rested on the seventh day.’
18 Well at that, after He finished speaking to Moses on Mount Sinai, and He gave Moses the two Tablets of Proofs, which were made of stone and had been inscribed by the finger of God.
1 [Well, after a long time had passed] and the people saw that Moses hadn’t returned from the Mountain, they went to Aaron and said:
‘[We want you to] make gods for us to lead us, because we don’t know what has become of this Moses who brought us out of the land of Egypt.’
‘I want you to take all the gold earrings that your wives and daughters wear in their ears, and bring them to me.’
3 Then everyone took off their gold earrings and brought them to Aaron, 4 and he took them from their hands, [had] them melted, and then the gold was carved into [the shape of] a calf. And he said:
6 So he got up early the next morning and he offered whole burnt sacrifices and a peace offering [upon the altar]. Then the people sat down to eat and drink, and thereafter they got up to play.
‘Hurry and go down [the mountain], because the people whom you brought out of the land of Egypt are acting lawlessly! 8 Notice how quickly they have left the ways that you’ve shown them… for now they’ve made themselves a calf to worship, and they’ve even offered sacrifices to it, saying, 9 O IsraEl, this is your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt. 10 So leave Me now, for I’m so angry with them that I will reject them and make a great nation of you!’
‘O Jehovah; why are you so angry with the people that You brought out of the land of Egypt with Your mighty arm and with so much power? 12 Don’t allow the Egyptians to say, He wickedly took them away to kill them in the Mountains and to wipe them off of the land. Hold back Your rage and show mercy on the sins of Your people. 13 Remember Your servants AbraHam, IsaAc, and Jacob, and the [oath] that You made to them when You swore by Your Name, saying, I will cause your seed to increase so much that [they will become] like the stars in the skies. And [remember the promise that You made] to give them all of this land as theirs through the ages.’
15 Then Moses turned and went down the Mountain carrying the two Tablets of Proofs in his hands. They were tablets of stone that were inscribed on both sides, 16 and they were the works and writings of God.
‘It isn’t the sound of people going to battle or the sound of defeat. What I hear is the sound of a lot of [partying].’
19 And when he got close to the camp, he saw the calf and the dancing, and Moses became so angry that he threw the two tablets from his hands and broke them to pieces at the base of the Mountain. 20 Then he took the calf that they’d made and had it melted and ground into dust, and he put it into some water and made the children of IsraEl drink it.
‘Don’t be angry, lord. For you know how troublesome these people are. 23 They told me, [We want you to] make gods for us to lead us, because we don’t know what has become of this Moses who brought us out of the land of Egypt. 24 So I said, If anyone has gold ornaments, take them off. Then they gave them to me and I threw them into the fire, and out came this calf!’
25 Well, Moses realized that the people were divided, and Aaron was responsible… which was something that would make their enemies very happy. 26 So Moses went to the entrance of the camp and shouted:
‘This is what Jehovah, the God of IsraEl, has declared: Everyone must [tie on] his sword and go through the camp from gate to gate, and each of you must kill [your rebellious] brothers and neighbors, starting with those who are the nearest to you!’
28 So the sons of Levi did just as Moses had told them, and three thousand people fell that day. 29 Then Moses said:
‘You are to be praised, because you’ve all raised your hands before Jehovah [and struck down] your own sons and your own brothers!’
‘I’ve [come to] beg You, O Jehovah; because these people are guilty of a great sin by making a god of gold. 32 So now, [please] forgive their sins. But if You choose not to; then also erase my name from the scroll that You’ve written.’
34 ‘Now, go and lead these people to the place that I told you about when I said, {Look!} My messenger will travel before you. However, I’m also going to visit them and [punish] them for their sins.’
‘Go on! You and the people that you brought out of the land of Egypt must leave now and go to the land that I promised to AbraHam, IsaAc, and Jacob, when I said, I will give this [land] to your seed. 2 For I will send My messenger ahead of you, and he will throw out the Amorites, Chettites, Pherezites, Gergeshites, Evites, Jebusites, and CanaAnites, 3 then I will bring you into a land that flows with milk and honey. However, I won’t be going with you, for fear that I will destroy you along the way, because you’re such a stubborn people!’
4 Well when the people heard this bad news, they went into mourning and dressed themselves mourning clothes. 5 But the Lord told the children of IsraEl:
‘You are a stubborn people! Now, pay attention, so I don’t send another plague to destroy you. Take off your [mourning] clothes and their trappings, and let Me show you what I will do for you.’
6 So the Sons of IsraEl took off all their [mourning] gear there at the dry mountain (Horeb). 7 Then Moses carried the [materials for] the Tent (which they called it the Tent of Proofs) outside of the camp and [had it] assembled some distance away, so that everyone who [wanted an answer from Jehovah] would have to go outside the camp to the Tent. 8 Then whenever Moses would enter or leave the Tent, everyone would stand and watch at its entrance, to see what would happen. 9 For when Moses entered the Tent, a column of clouds descended and stayed at the Tent’s entrance while [God] was speaking to Moses. 10 And as they all watched the column of clouds at the entrance to the Tent, everyone stood there and prayed 11 as Jehovah spoke to Moses face to face as though they were two friends. Then after that, [Moses] would return to the camp, but his servant JoShua (the son of NaWeh), who was a young man, didn’t leave the Tent.
‘You’ve also told me that You know me better than all the rest, and that You care for me. 13 So now, if I’ve found favor in Your eyes, show Yourself to me so I can see You. Then I will know that I’ve found favor in Your eyes, and I can be sure that this great nation is truly Your people.’
‘But if You aren’t going to [travel] with us, don’t make me go either! 16 For, how would anyone know for sure that these people and I have found favor with You, unless You go with us? [But if You should choose to go], both Your people and I will be glorified above all the nations of the earth.’
‘I will do this thing that you’ve asked, because you’ve found My favor and I’ve put you above all the rest.’
‘I will pass before you with My glory, and I will call out My Name (Jehovah) in front of you as I say, I will be merciful to those for whom I feel mercy, and I will have pity on those for whom I feel pity.’
20 Then [God] told [Moses]: ‘You won’t be able to see My face, because no man can see My face and live.’ 21 And the Lord said: ‘{Look!} Stand by Me on that rock [over there]; 22 and as My glory is passing by, I will put you into a hole in that rock and cover you with My hand as I pass. 23 Then I will remove My hand, so you can see My backside… but you won’t be able to see My face.’
‘Now, you must cut two tablets of stone like the first ones, and climb the mountain to Me; then I will write the words that were on the first tablets, which you broke. 2 So, be ready to climb Mount Sinai in the morning, and then stand there [and wait] for Me at the top of the Mountain. 3 Don’t allow anyone to go up with you or even to be seen on the Mountain. And don’t allow any sheep or bulls to graze near the Mountain.’
4 So [Moses] cut two stone tablets just like the first, and he got up early and climbed Mount Sinai, just as the Lord had told him, carrying the two stone tablets. 5 Then the Lord descended in a cloud and stood close to him, as He called out the Name, Jehovah. 6 And the Lord passed before his face while He was saying:
‘Jehovah, the God of mercy, pity, patience, concern, and truth 7 who brings justice and mercy to thousands, and removes wrong-doing, unrighteousness, and sins, but who won’t acquit the guilty. He’s the One who [punishes] the sins of ancestors on their children and on their children’s children to the third and fourth generations.’
‘If You care for me; may my Lord go with us, because these people are stubborn. Then You will remove our sins and our failings, and we will be Your people.’
‘{Look!} I am establishing a Sacred Agreement with you in the presence of all your people. I will do wonderful things that have never been done before anywhere on the earth or in any nation. Everyone among you will see the deeds that I will do for you… for they are wonderful. 11 But make sure that you do everything that I’ve told you to do. Then {Look!} I will throw the Amorites, CanaAnites, Pherezites, Chettites, Evites, Gergeshites, and Jebusites out from before you.
12 ‘Be careful not to make any agreements with the people who live in the land that you are entering, for fear that they will become stones to stumble you. 13 You must destroy their altars and smash their [sacred] columns, cut off their water, and burn the images of their gods. 14 You must not worship other gods, because Jehovah (which is a zealous Name) is a zealous God.
‘Never make pacts with people who live in this land and then commit adultery with their gods, or sacrifice to their gods, or have them call you to eat at their feasts. 16 You shouldn’t take their daughters as women for your sons, nor should you give your daughters to their sons, so your sons and daughters don’t become adulterers with their gods.
18 ‘You must keep the Feast of Fermentation-Free Bread and eat fermentation-free bread for seven days, just as I’ve told you, in the month and season of new grain… because, that’s when you came out of Egypt.
19 ‘All the first-born males are Mine… yes, everything that opens the womb first, including all your first-born oxen and sheep. 20 But when it comes to the first-born of burros; you must pay a ransom for them using a sheep or with money. You must also pay a ransom for your first-born sons… don’t come to Me empty-handed!
21 ‘You can work for six days, but you must rest on the seventh day, whether it’s during the seed-time or the harvest.
22 ‘You must also observe the Feast of Weeks for Me at the beginning of the wheat harvest and at the harvest in the middle of the year. 23 So, every male must appear before Jehovah the God of IsraEl three times each year. 24 For after I’ve driven the nations away from before you and enlarged your borders, no one will want your land… that is, as long as you go up to appear before Jehovah your God three times each year.
25 ‘You must not offer the blood of My sacrifices with any fermentation, nor should the Passover sacrifices remain until the next morning.
‘Write all of these words down, because they are the words of My Sacred Agreement with you and with IsraEl.’
28 Well, Moses was there [on the mountain] with Jehovah for forty days and forty nights; and during that entire time, he didn’t eat any bread or drink any water. Then He wrote the words of the Sacred Agreement (the Ten Commandments) on the tablets. 29 So when Moses came down the Mountain, he had the two tablets in his hands. But as he was coming down, he didn’t realize that his face was glowing because of his conversation with God. 30 And when Aaron and all the elders of IsraEl saw Moses’ face radiating, they were afraid to come any closer. 31 But when Moses called to them, Aaron and all the heads of the gathering turned toward him, as he started speaking to them.
32 And after that, all the children of IsraEl also came to him, and he told them all the Commandments that Jehovah had given to him on Mount Sinai (Horeb). 33 Then, after he had finished speaking to them, he put a veil over his face. 34 However, whenever Moses went in to speak to Jehovah, he would remove the veil until he [came back outside] to tell the children of IsraEl what the Lord had said to him. 35 [Of course], it was because the children of IsraEl could see Moses’ face radiating that he wore the veil over it after going in to speak to the Lord.
‘These are the commandments that Jehovah has told you to obey: 2 You can work for six days, but the seventh day is for resting. It is a holy Sabbath and a rest for Jehovah. So, anyone who does work on [that day] must die. 3 You may not so much as light a fire in any of your homes on the Sabbath day; for I am Jehovah.’
‘This is what Jehovah has instructed you to do: 5 Take up [a collection] as an offering to Jehovah, and everyone whose heart moves him to do so must bring these as first-fruits to Jehovah: gold, silver, bronze, 6 blue [thread], purple [yarn], double-spun scarlet [cloth], fine-spun linen, goats’ hair, 7 ram’s skins that have been dyed red or blue, durable wood, 8 rubies and gemstones that can be engraved for the [Priest’s] shoulder-piece, and full-length robes.
9 ‘Then, any man among you who is wise at heart may come and create the things that Jehovah has commanded, such as 10 the Tent, the cords, the coverings, the rings, the rafters, the posts, 11 the Chest of Proofs and its staves, the Propitiatory, the veil, 12 the curtains for the courtyard and their posts, 13 the [engraved gemstones], 14 the incense, the anointing oil, 15 the table and all its furnishings, 16 the lampstand (for lighting) and all of its furnishings, 17 the Altar and all of its furnishings, 18 and the holy garments for the Priesthood of Aaron (the clothing that he must use in his services), 19 as well as the Priestly garments for Aaron’s sons.’
20 And after the gathering of the children of IsraEl [had finished listening to] Moses, all who felt moved to do so brought whatever they thought would be appropriate as offerings. 21 So they donated (as offerings to Jehovah) everything that was needed for the Tent of Proofs and all of its services, as well as all the clothing for the Holy Place. 22 Then, any man who felt moved to do so brought items from their wives, such as [gold] clasps, earrings, finger rings, necklaces, bracelets, and all sorts of gold items… 23 yes, many of them brought their gold jewelry to Jehovah, as well as their fine linen and ram’s skins that were dyed blue or red.
24 All those who brought offerings also brought items of silver and bronze to Jehovah, and everyone who had durable wood or the tools to work it, brought these things too.
25 Then the women who were skilled at spinning brought blue [thread], purple [yarn], scarlet [cloth], and fine linen. 26 And thereafter, all the women who were moved to do so and were wise, spun the goats’ hair. 27 In addition, the [tribal] rulers brought emeralds and gemstones for the settings in the shoulder pieces and the Words [of Judgment]. 28 They also brought the materials for the anointing oil and things that were used to make the incense.
29 So every man and woman that was moved to do so came to do all the work that Jehovah had assigned to them through Moses [using the things that] the children of IsraEl had donated as offerings to the Lord.
‘{Look!} God has specifically called BeSeleEl (of Urias and Or) from the tribe of Judah, 31 and filled him with a godly spirit of wisdom, understanding, and knowledge, in order to be creative in all fields of expertise. 32 For he is skilled in all sorts of crafts, such as working gold, silver, and bronze, 33 in setting gemstones, and in doing woodcarving… he does everything [well]. 34 Both he and EliAb (of AchiSamach of the tribe of Dan) have been granted such understanding. 35 They have been filled with wisdom, understanding, and the know-how to do all the work that must be done for the Tent, as well as how to weave and embroider using scarlet [cloth] and fine linen, and how to fashion all the unique embroidered items.’
1 So BeSeleEl, EliAb, and all those who were wise and knowledgeable were given the wisdom, knowledge, and necessary [skills] to do everything that had to be done for the holy offices in the way that Jehovah had instructed.
2 Then Moses called BeSeleEl, EliAb, and all the wise men who had received the needed skills from God, as well as everyone who was willing to come and donate their work, to get the job done. 3 Moses gave them everything that the children of IsraEl had brought to build the Holy Place. In fact, they continued to receive the gifts each morning, 4 and wise people with many different skills kept showing up to work at the Holy Place.
5 Then one of them said to Moses: ‘The people are bringing in too many of the things that the Lord told them to bring!’ 6 So Moses sent a proclamation throughout the camp, saying: ‘No men or women should come to work or bring any more offerings to the Holy.’
So they actually had to stop the people from bringing things, 7 since they had enough material to make all the furnishings, with a lot left over.
8 The wise and thoughtful among those who were working on the Tent also produced ten tent curtains from blue [thread], purple [yarn], spun-scarlet [cloth], and fine-spun linen, with cherubs carefully woven into them. 9 Each curtain was forty-two feet wide and six feet tall… and all the curtains were the same. 10 Then, two groups of five curtains each were connected end-to-end.
11 They also made blue loops along the edges of each curtain to join them to each other. And they made fifty [loops] along the outer edges of the following curtains to connect them all together… 12 they put fifty loops on the first curtain and fifty corresponding loops on the next, so [the curtains] could be joined together at the loops. 13 Then [BeSeleEl] made fifty gold hooks to join each of the curtains to each other, in order to assemble the Sacred Tent.
14 Thereafter, he also put together eleven goat-hair coverings to serve as a roof for the Sacred Tent. 15 Each of these was forty-five feet long and six feet wide. 16 He joined five of the goat-hair coverings to make one portion, and six to make the other. 17 He also made fifty loops along the edge of the first group of goat-hair cloths and fifty loops along the edge of the second group (in the middle), 18 then he formed fifty bronze hooks and joined both section with the hooks, making it a single sheet.
19 He also made a top covering for the Sacred Tent out of ram’s skins, some of which were dyed red, and some of which were dyed blue.
20 Then he made posts for the Sacred Tent of durable wood. 21 The first post was fifteen feet tall and a foot and three quarters wide. 22 It had two joints that butted against each other… and that’s how he made all the posts for the Sacred Tent. 23 There were twenty posts on the side facing the south, 24 along with forty silver sockets to connect them (two sockets per post), and two sockets for each of the posts that followed. 25 There were also twenty posts along the north side [of the Tent], 26 and forty silver sockets for them, two sockets per post. 27 And for the rear of the Sacred Tent (the west side), he made six posts, 28 plus two posts for the rear corners. 29 Their sections were of equal lengths, both the tops and the bottoms, for the corner posts. 30 So altogether, there were eight posts and sixteen silver sockets, two per post.
31 He also made cross bars out of durable wood. Five [were set] between the posts along one side of the Sacred Tent, five were set between the posts to the other side of the Sacred Tent, 32 five were set between the posts at the rear of the Sacred Tent (toward the west), 33 and there was a single bar through the middle, which ran right through the posts from one side to the other. 34 He then covered the posts in gold and added gold rings to hold the poles; and he gilded the cross bars with gold.
35 He also made a veil from blue [thread], purple [yarn], spun-scarlet [cloth], and fine-spun linen, with cherubs carefully woven into them, 36 and placed it over four posts of durable wood that were covered in gold. The tips of the poles were covered in gold, but their four bases were made of silver. 37 Then he made a draw curtain for the entrance to the Tent from blue [thread], purple [yarn], spun-scarlet [cloth], and fine-spun linen that was embroidered, 38 along with its five posts, the tips of which he gilded with gold, and he cast five bronze bases for them.
1 Then BeSeleEl made the Chest from durable wood. It was three and three quarters feet long, twenty-seven inches wide, and twenty-seven inches tall. 2 He gilded it with pure gold both inside and out, and he made a waved border of spun gold all around it. 3 Then he cast four gold rings for its four sides, two rings on one side and two rings on the other. 4 And he made bearing poles of durable wood, covering them with gold. 5 Then he inserted the bearing poles into the rings on the sides of the Chest, to carry it.
6 Thereafter, he made the Propitiatory lid of pure gold. It was three and three-quarters feet long, and twenty-seven inches wide. 7 Then he made two cherubs of beaten gold, and put them on each side of the Propitiatory 8 (one on the right and the other on the left), so there was a cherub on either side. 9 Both cherubs had out-stretched wings that overshadowed the Propitiatory as they faced each other, for both cherubs faced [inward].
10 Next he made the table from durable wood. It was three feet wide, a foot and a half deep, and two-and-a-quarter feet tall. 11 He covered it all in pure gold, 12 and he made a spun, waved border of gold all around it. Then he made a rim for it that was nine inches around, and he put a spun, waved border around the rim. 13 He also cast four gold rings for it, and he placed the four rings on each of its feet. 14 Then, next to the waved border rim, he placed rings to hold the bearing poles that were used to carry the table. 15 The bearing poles were also made from durable wood, which he then covered with gold. 16 He also made the utensils for the table – its saucers, incense pans, cups, and the bowls in which the Priest would offer the drink offerings – of pure gold.
17 After that, he made the lampstand of pure gold. Its stems, branches, basins, knobs, and lilies were all formed on a lathe. 18 It had six branches in a row, three on the right and three on the left. 19 Each of the oil basins were almond shaped, with a knob and lily on the six branches that were on either side of the one in the center of the lampstand. 20 [This center] part had four almond-shaped basins on its single branch, along with knobs and lilies. 21 There was a knob under each pair of [the lamp’s] six branches that extended outward from the lampstand. 22 These branches and their knobs were all turned from single pieces of pure gold. 23 Then he made its seven lamps, its snuffers, and their oil funnels of pure gold, 24 which weighed some sixty pounds.
25 Next he made an Incense Altar out of durable wood. It was a foot and a half long, a foot and a half wide, and three feet high; and on each of its four corners there were horns. 26 He covered it with pure gold (its grate, its sides, and its horns), and he made a spun rim of gold all around it. 27 He also made rings of pure gold that he placed under its rim of spun gold for each of its four corners, to serve as holders for the bearing poles that they would use to carry [this Altar]. 28 He made the poles out of durable wood, and he covered them with gold.
29 Following that, he prepared the holy anointing oil and he mixed the incense in the pure ways of a perfumer.
1 Then he made an Altar for the whole burnt offerings out of durable wood. It was seven-and-a-half feet long and seven-and-a-half feet wide. It had four corners, and it stood four-and-a-half feet tall. 2 He made horns for each of the four corners, which he then covered in bronze.
3 He also made a rim for the Altar, a lid for it, bowls for it, meat hooks for it, and a fire pit… he made everything out of bronze. 4 He also made a grate of latticed bronze, 5 then he made four rings to support the grate at each of its four sides out of bronze, which he placed under the grate. [The grate] was about half [the size of] the Altar. 6 He also made the bearing poles for the Altar out of durable wood, plating them with bronze. 7 Then he inserted the bearing poles through the sides of the Altar, to carry it (it was hollow and made of boards).
8 He also made the bathing tub out of bronze. The bronze for its base came from the bronze mirrors of the women who had been fasting at entrance to the Tent of Proofs.
9 Next, he made curtains for the courtyard. The curtain toward the south was made of fine spun linen, a hundred and fifty feet long. 10 It had twenty posts and twenty bronze bases, and its hooks and their clips were made of silver. 11 The side toward the north was also a hundred and fifty feet long, with twenty posts and twenty bronze bases; and their hooks and clips were of silver. 12 The curtains toward the west side were seventy-five feet long, with ten posts and ten bronze bases; and their hooks and clips were of silver. 13 And the curtains toward the east were seventy-five feet long. 14 [The entrance to the courtyard] ran twenty-two-and-a-half feet toward the rear, with three posts and three bases. 15 Then there was a second section leading to the entrance of the courtyard, with curtains that were twenty-two-and-a-half feet long, having three posts and three bases. 16 All the curtains for the Tent were made out of fine-spun linen. 17 Their bases were made of bronze, their hooks and clips were of silver, and all the posts in the courtyard were silver plated.
18 The veils for the entrance to the courtyard were embroidered of blue [thread], purple [yarn], spun-scarlet [cloth], and fine-spun linen. They were each thirty feet long and seven-and-a-half feet high, and they were connected to the courtyard curtains. 19 They had four posts and four bronze bases. Their hooks were of silver, and their tips were silver plated. 20 Also, all the courtyard tent pegs were made of bronze.
21 This was how things were arranged at the Tent of Proofs, just as the orders were given to Moses. Ithamar (the son of Aaron the High Priest) was in charge of everything, 22 and BeSeleEl, the son of Uri of the tribe of Judah was in charge of making all the things (just as the Lord had instructed Moses). 23 Also, EliAb (the son of AhiSamach of the tribe of Dan) supervised the weaving, stitching, and embroidering with the blue [thread], purple [yarn], spun-scarlet [cloth], and fine-spun linen.
24 One-thousand, seven hundred and ninety pounds of gold was used in the Holy Places (which all came in as part of the first-fruit offerings), plus seven hundred and thirty holy gold coins. 25 All the silver that came from the census of those chosen from among the gathering amounted to sixty-thousand pounds, plus a thousand, seven hundred and seventy-five shekels (a silver bar per head, which is half of a holy shekel), 26 which was for all the males in the census who were more than twenty years old among the sixty-three thousand, five hundred and fifty.
27 Sixty-thousand pounds of silver was cast for the tips of the Sacred Tent and for the tips of the veil. There were a hundred tips weighing sixty pounds each. 28 Also, a thousand, seven hundred and seventy-five shekels were used to make the hooks for the posts, the tips of which were gilded and engraved. 29 Forty-two-hundred pounds of bronze was used for sacred purposes, plus two thousand, four hundred shekels. 30 From it they made the bases for the entrance to the Tent of Proofs, the bronze Altar and its grate, all the utensils for the Altar, 31 the bases all around the courtyard, the bases for the entrance to the courtyard, the pegs for the Tent, and the pegs for the courtyard around it.
1 And from what was left over of the blue, purple, and scarlet, they made into garments for the services of Aaron, so that he could officiate in them in the Holy Place, as the Lord had instructed Moses.
2 They made the shoulder pieces out of gold, blue [thread], purple [yarn], spun-scarlet [cloth], and fine-spun linen. 3 They cut up two sheets of hammered gold to create the gold threads and wove them into the blue [thread], purple [yarn], spun-scarlet [cloth], and fine-spun linen, 4 [which they attached on either side of the sacred vest]. 5 The vest was also made of gold, blue [thread], purple [yarn], spun-scarlet [cloth], and fine-spun linen, as the Lord had instructed Moses.
6 Then they attached the two emerald stones with clasps. They were carved and engraved like a seal with the names of the sons of IsraEl, and then inlaid with gold 7 and placed on the tops of each of the shoulder pieces, in memory of the sons of IsraEl, just as the Lord had instructed Moses.
8 Next, they made the Word [of Judgment]. It was woven and embroidered (the same as the shoulder pieces) of gold, blue [thread], purple [yarn], spun-scarlet [cloth], and fine-spun linen. 9 It was four-cornered, nine inches long, nine inches wide, and folded. 10 And into it they wove and inlaid precious stones that were arranged in four rows. The first row had a sardius, a topaz, and an emerald. 11 The second row had a red garnet, a sapphire, and a jasper. 12 The third row had an amber, an agate, and an amethyst. 13 The fourth row had a chrysolite, a beryl, and an onyx. The stones were all set in gold and connected by gold. 14 They were engraved like seals with one of the names of the twelve sons of IsraEl on each, representing the twelve tribes.
15 The Word [of Judgment] had a border with a tightly-joined wreath of pure gold. 16 Then they made two gold rings and two gold clasps. 17 They placed the two gold rings on each of the corners of the Word [of Judgment], and they put wreaths of gold with fasteners over the two rings (on each side of the Word [of Judgment]), 18 which connected to the sides of shoulder pieces, across from each other, in the front. 19 They connected the Word [of Judgment] to the back, inside of the shoulder piece. 20 For they made two gold rings and placed them along the tips of the shoulder pieces, on the bottom sides and in the front, below the connector that was over the woven parts of the shoulder pieces. 21 The Word [of Judgment] was then fastened by its rings to the rings on the shoulder pieces. They were sewed in using blue thread, and they were closely joined into the woven work of the shoulder pieces, so the Word [of Judgment] would not come loose from the shoulder pieces, just as the Lord had instructed Moses.
22 Then they made the robe that went under the shoulder piece, which was woven entirely of blue thread. 23 It had an opening in the middle with a closely-woven, reinforced edge around the collar. 24 Then along the bottom hem of the robe, there were woven blossoming pomegranates of blue thread, purple yarn, scarlet cloth, and fine-spun linen. 25 They also made gold bells and placed them around the bottom hem of the robe, between the figures of pomegranates. 26 So there were gold bells and the figures of pomegranates all around the official robe, just as the Lord had instructed Moses.
27 They made all the garments for Aaron and his sons of fine woven linen. The turbans were of linen, 28 the outer robes were of linen, the pants were made from spun linen, 29 and the sashes were made of linen that was embroidered with blue thread, purple yarn, and scarlet cloth, exactly as the Lord had instructed Moses.
30 They also made a curtain of pure gold to [hide] the Most Holy Place, upon which they wrote words in raised letters, ‘Holy to Jehovah.’ 31 It had a blue upper hem that connected it to the upper [cross bar], just as the Lord had instructed Moses. 32 So, all the work on the Tent of Proofs was finally completed by the sons of IsraEl, just as the Lord had given the instructions to Moses.
33 The blue [thread], the purple [yarn], and the scarlet [material] that was left over, was used to make [more] garments for Aaron to wear in his services at the Holy Place. 34 They also brought garments to Moses for use in the Tent, as well as [things] for its furnishings, bases, rafters, and posts 35 for the Chest of the Sacred Agreement and its carriers, and for the Altar and its furnishings.
36 They made the anointing oil, the incense, the holy lampstand 37 and its lamps (that held oil for the light), 38 the showbread table and all its furnishings, 39 Aaron’s garments for use in the Holy Place, the garments for his sons in their Priestly duties,40 the curtains for the courtyard, all the posts, the veils for the entrance to the Tent and the courtyard, 41 all the furnishings and tools for the Tent, the ram skins that were dyed red and blue, coverings for other things, the pins, and everything that was needed for work in the Tent of Proofs. 42 Whatever the Lord told Moses, the children of IsraEl made to complete the furnishings. 43 And when Moses looked at all the work and saw that they had done everything and made everything the way that Jehovah had told him to do, he praised them.
1 Then the Lord told Moses: 2 ‘On the first day of the first month (the New Moon), you must assemble the Tent of Proofs 3 and put the Chest of Proofs inside it, behind the veil. 4 Then carry in the table and lay [the bread] upon it. Also, bring in the lampstand and mount the lamps on it. 5 Then carry in the gold incense Altar and burn incense in front of the Chest, and hang the veil in the entryway to the Tent of Proofs. 6 Then put the Altar of burnt offerings next to the entry to the Tent of Proofs, and set up the rest of the Tent. Make everything in and around it, holy, 7 – – – 8 – – – 9 then take the anointing oil and anoint the Tent and everything in it, to cleanse it, so that it and all its furnishings will be holy. 10 Also, anoint the Altar of burnt offerings and all of its furnishings. Make it clean, so that the Altar will be most holy. 11 – – –
12 ‘Thereafter, bring Aaron and his sons to the entrance of the Tent of Proofs and wash them with water. 13 Then dress Aaron in the holy garments and anoint him, to make him holy, so he can serve as a Priest to Me. 14 And after that, bring in his sons, dress them in their garbs, 15 and anoint them as you did their father, so they can serve Me as Priests. 16 This anointing of the Priesthood [must be continued] through the ages.’
17 So it was that the Tent was erected during the first month (a year after they had left Egypt… during the New Moon). 18 Moses set up the Tent, put on the caps, and set the rafters and posts in their places. 19 Then he stretched the curtains over the Tent and installed the veil from the top of the Tent, as Jehovah had commanded. 20 He also took the Proofs and placed them inside the Chest; then he mounted the Chest on the staves 21 and carried it into the Tent. And thereafter, he installed the veil to conceal the Chest of Proofs, just as the Lord had commanded.
22 After that, he carried the table into the Tent of Proofs and placed it on the north side, just outside the veil. 23 And he brought in the showbread [and set it] before Jehovah, just as the Lord had instructed him. 24 Next, he brought the lampstand into the Tent of Proofs and placed it on the south side of the Tent, 25 and he mounted its lamps in front of Jehovah, just as the Lord had commanded. 26 Then he brought the gold incense Altar into the Tent of Proofs and put it in front of the veil, 27 and he lit the [sacred] incense upon it, just as the Lord had commanded. 28 – – – 29 He also put the Altar for the burnt offerings next to the Tent entrance, 30 – – – 31 – – – 32 – – – 33 and he set up the courtyard all around the Tent and the Altar. Yes, Moses did all these things.
34 Thereafter, a cloud covered the Tent of Proofs and it was filled with the glory of Jehovah. 35 So then even Moses wasn’t able to enter the Tent of Proofs because of the cloud that covered it and the glory of Jehovah that was inside of the Tent.
36 And after that, whenever the cloud would rise above the Tent, the children of IsraEl packed their bags and [got ready to leave]. 37 But if the cloud stayed in place, they didn’t get ready to leave until the day that the cloud arose again. 38 For the cloud covered the Tent during the day, and fire covered it during the night; and all IsraEl could [see this] as they traveled.
Written by Moses around 1549-BCE (according to our calculations) while the IsraElites were at Mt. Sinai.
1 Then the Lord called Moses again and spoke to him in the Tent of Proofs. He said, 2 ‘Speak to the children of IsraEl and tell them that anyone who brings an ox as a gift to Jehovah must bring one that the Lord will find acceptable. 4 He must put his hands on the head of the offering [to show that] it’s something he wishes to do so as to be forgiven by [God], 5 and they must slaughter the calf before Jehovah. Then Aaron’s sons (the Priests) must collect its blood and pour it around the Altar at the entrance to the Tent of Proofs.
6 ‘The meat of the offering should thereafter be butchered and divided into quarters. 7 Then the sons of Aaron (the Priests) must light a fire on the Altar and pile wood on the fire, 8 and the Priests must put the head and the fat over the fire in the Altar, 9 then wash the [animal’s] entrails and feet in water, and then put the rest of it on the Altar as a burnt-offering sacrifice and as a sweet odor to Jehovah.
10 ‘However, if [the person] is offering a sheep as a gift to Jehovah (or a lamb, or a kid goat) as a whole-burnt offering, it must be a perfect male. 11 He must put his hand on its head and they must slaughter it next to the Altar toward the north, before Jehovah. Then the sons of Aaron (the Priests) must pour its blood on and around the Altar. 12 They must quarter it and put its head and its fat over the burning wood on the Altar. 13 Then they must wash its entrails and feet with water, and the Priest must put the rest on the Altar as a burnt-offering sacrifice and a sweet odor to Jehovah.
14 ‘But if [the person] is offering a bird as a gift to Jehovah, it must be a dove or a pigeon. 15 The Priest must bring it to the Altar, wring off its head and sprinkle its blood at the base of the Altar. 16 And before placing it on the Altar, he must remove the crop and the feathers, and throw them by the ashes, to the east of the Altar. 17 He should then break off its wings, but not cut it up, and put the burnt-offering sacrifice on the Altar over the burning wood as a sweet-smelling odor to Jehovah.
1 ‘If a person brings fine flour as a gift to sacrifice to Jehovah, he must pour oil over it and put frankincense on it, before offering it as a sacrifice. 2 He must carry it to the Priests (the sons of Aaron) and take a handful of the fine flour with the oil and the frankincense, and then a Priest must put it on the Altar as a sacrifice and as a sweet odor to Jehovah. 3 The rest of the sacrifice must then be [given to] Aaron and his sons as their holy portion from the sacrifices to Jehovah.
4 ‘And if he brings [bread] that has been baked in an oven as a gift sacrifice to Jehovah, it must be fermentation free and kneaded with oil into fermentation-free cakes. 5 And if the gift of fermentation-free fine flour is brought in a pan, 6 it must be broken into pieces and then oil must be poured over it as a sacrifice to Jehovah.
7 ‘However, if the gift of fine flour with oil that is to be offered as a sacrifice to Jehovah [consists of whole loaves] that were baked in an oven, 8 they must be brought to the Priest, 9 and the Priest must take it to the Altar and offer a portion of it as a burnt offering and as a sweet odor to Jehovah. 10 The rest of the sacrifice must then be [given to] Aaron and his sons as their holy portion from the burnt offerings of Jehovah.
11 ‘You must not have fermentation in any of the sacrifices that are brought to Jehovah, and no honey will be brought as a gift to Jehovah. 12 Such things may be brought to Jehovah as though they were fruit, but they must not be offered on the Altar as a sweet-smelling odor to Jehovah.
13 ‘All gifts of sacrifices must be seasoned with salt. Don’t leave the salt of Jehovah’s Sacred Agreement out of your sacrifices! No matter what type of gift it is, it must be offered to Jehovah your God with salt.
14 ‘And when you offer the first fruits of your new grain as a sacrifice to Jehovah, it should be ground and roasted before bringing it as a sacrifice. 15 You must also pour oil and frankincense over it, because it is a sacrifice. 16 Then the Priest must offer a portion of the grain with all the oil and frankincense as a burnt offering to Jehovah.
1 ‘If the gift to Jehovah is to be a peace offering and it is selected from among your cattle, it can be a male or a female, but it must be perfect to bring it before Him. 2 The [person] must put his hands on the head of the gift and they must slaughter it before Jehovah next to the entrance to the Tent of Proofs. Then the Priests (the sons of Aaron) must pour the blood on and around the Altar of burnt offerings.
3 For peace offerings; [these portions] should be offered as burnt-sacrifices to Jehovah: the belly and all the fat in and around it, 4 the kidneys and the fat on them, as well as [the fat] on the thighs and the membrane around the liver and kidneys. 5 The Priests (the sons of Aaron) must offer them on the Altar of burnt offerings over the burning wood on the Altar as a sweet-smelling odor to Jehovah.
6 ‘And if the peace-offering gift to Jehovah is a sheep, it may be either a male or a female, but it must be perfect. 7 If the gift is a lamb; he must bring it before Jehovah, 8 put his hands on the head of his offering, and they must slaughter it by the entrance to the Tent of Proofs. Then the Priests (the sons of Aaron) must pour its blood on and around the Altar. 9 The peace offering is thereafter to be burned to Jehovah. Though the person may keep the healthy, fat hind parts and loins, all the fat that is in and around the belly, 10 as well as the kidneys and the fat around them, the fat around the thighs, and the membrane around the liver and kidneys 11 must be offered on the Altar by the Priest as a sweet-smelling odor and burnt offering to Jehovah.
12 ‘And if he is offering a goat, he must bring it before Jehovah, 13 put his hands on its head, and they must slaughter it before Jehovah next to the entrance to the Tent of Proofs. Then the Priests (the sons of Aaron) must pour the blood on and around the Altar. 14 The parts of the burnt offering [that will be offered] to Jehovah must be the fat in and around the belly, 15 both kidneys and all the fat on them, [the fat] on the thighs, and the membrane around the liver and kidneys. 16 Then the Priest must offer it on the Altar as a burnt offering and as a sweet odor to Jehovah.
‘All of the fat is Jehovah’s. 17 This is the rule through the ages of your generations wherever you may live: You must not eat the fat or the blood!’
1 Then the Lord said to Moses, 2 ‘Speak to the children of IsraEl and tell them this: If a person sins against Jehovah in a way that He says you must not do in any of the Commandments, but he does it unintentionally, 3 or if the Anointed Priest sins and that causes the people to sin; the person must bring [an offering] for his sin… [he must bring] a perfect calf from his herd to Jehovah, [to cover] his sin. 4 He must bring the calf before Jehovah at the entrance to the Tent of Proofs, put his hand on its head, and they must slaughter it in Jehovah’s presence.
5 ‘And when the Anointed Priest who has been made perfect receives the calf’s blood, he must carry it into the Tent of Proofs. 6 The Priest must then dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle it at the base of the Holy Veil before Jehovah, seven times. 7 And he must put some of the calf’s blood on the horns of the incense Altar that is before Jehovah (inside the Tent of Proofs) and pour the rest of the blood at the base of the Altar, by the entrance to the Tent of Proofs.
8 ‘[Thereafter, he must take] all the fat from the calf of the sin offering – the inner fat, the outer fat, 9 the kidneys and the fat on them, [the fat on] the thighs, and the membrane around the liver and kidneys – and remove it. 10 Then the Priest must offer it on the Altar of burnt offerings. 11 As for the calf’s skin, flesh, head, extremities, belly, and dung; 12 it must all be carried outside the camp into the clean place where they pour the ashes, and it must be totally burned among the wood ashes that will be poured out there.
13 ‘Also, if the whole gathering of IsraEl should unknowingly commit a sin and it goes unnoticed by them (if they should do something that is forbidden, shouldn’t be done, and is a sin against any of the Commandments of Jehovah), 14 but they later realize what they have done; the gathering should bring a perfect calf from the herd as a sin offering to the entrance of the Tent of Proofs. 15 Then [all] the elders of the gathering must lay their hands on the calf’s head and slaughter it before Jehovah. 16 Thereafter, the Anointed Priest must bring the calf’s blood into the Tent of Proofs, 17 then dip his finger in some of the blood and sprinkle it seven times before the veil of the Most Holy, there before Jehovah.
18 ‘The Priest must also put some of the blood on the horns of the incense Altar that stands before Jehovah inside the Tent of Proofs. Then he must pour the rest of the blood at the base of the Altar of whole-burnt offerings, which is by the entrance to the Tent of Proofs. 19 He must cut off all its fat and offer it on the Altar, 20 dealing with it in the same way as he does with the calf of the sin offering. That’s how the Priests must pay for their sins, and then their mistakes will be forgiven. 21 After that, they must take the rest of the calf outside of the camp and burn it in the same way as the other calf. This is the sin offering for the [entire] gathering.
22 ‘And if one of the leaders should unknowingly break one of the Commandments of his God Jehovah (something he shouldn’t have done in sin and error), 23 and then he realizes that he has sinned; the gift he must offer is a perfect male kid goat. 24 He must put his hand on the head of the kid and slaughter it where they slaughter the whole-burnt offerings before Jehovah, as a sin offering. 25 Then the Priest must put some of the blood of the sin offering on the horns of the Altar of whole-burnt offerings with his finger, and pour the rest of the blood at the base of the Altar. 26 Thereafter, he must offer all of its fat on the Altar as the sacrifice of the peace offering. [This is how] the Priest must pay for [the leader’s] sin, so that it may be forgiven.
27 ‘And if a person among the people of the land should sin unknowingly against any of the Commandments of Jehovah by doing something that shouldn’t be done, 28 and then he realizes that he has sinned; he must bring a perfect female kid goat for the sin that he has committed. 29 He must put his hand on the head of his sin offering and slaughter the kid of the sin offering where they slaughter the whole-burnt offerings. 30 And the Priest must then take some of its blood on his finger and wipe it on the horns of the Altar of whole-burnt offerings. After that, he must pour the rest of the blood out at the base of the Altar. 31 Then he must remove all the fat and offer it as a sacrifice of a peace offering. The Priest must offer it on the Altar as a sweet odor to Jehovah. [This is how] the Priest must pay for [the person’s] sin, so that it may be forgiven.
32 ‘But if he offers a lamb for his sin offering, it should be a perfect female. 33 He must put his hand on the head of the sin offering and slaughter it where they kill the whole-burnt offerings. 34 Then the Priest must take some of the blood of the sin offering on his finger and wipe it on the horns of the Altar of whole-burnt offerings, and he must pour the rest of the blood around the base of the Altar. 35 Then he must cut off all its fat, the same as he would for the lamb of the peace-offering sacrifice, and the Priest must put it on the Altar as a whole-burnt offering to Jehovah. [This is how] the Priest must atone for the person’s sin, so that it can be forgiven.
1 ‘And if a person sins by witnessing, seeing, or knowing of someone who has sworn an oath [of vengeance] against another and fails to report it, he is guilty of a sin. 2 And whoever touches anything that is dirty, such as the filth of animals, or dead things [such as] a dead unclean animal or [the rotting] body of cattle, 3 or whoever touches any kind of filth from a man that would make him unclean – even if he doesn’t realize it, but comes to know about it later – he has sinned. 4 Or if some unrighteous person has decided to use his lips to swear an oath to do evil or good – even if a person doesn’t realize it, but comes to know of it [later] – he has sinned by doing this. 5 He must admit that he has sinned 6 and [pay for] his sin against [Jehovah by bringing] a female lamb from his flock or a goat kid as a sin offering, which the Priest must [offer] in payment for his sin. Then he will be forgiven.
7 ‘And if he can’t afford a sheep; he must bring two turtledoves or two young pigeons to Jehovah. One [must serve] as a sin offering, and the other as a burnt offering. 8 He must carry them to the Priest, and the Priest must [sacrifice] the sin offering first. He must pinch off the head at the neck, but not cut up the body. 9 Then he must sprinkle the blood of the sin offering on the side of the Altar, and pour the rest of the blood at the base of the Altar… because this is a sin offering. 10 Then the second [bird] must serve as a whole burnt offering for the Priest, to atone for the sins that the person has committed.
11 ‘And if he can’t afford a pair of turtledoves or two young pigeons; the gift that he should bring for his sin offering must be a quart of fine flour. He shouldn’t put frankincense or oil on it, because it is a sin offering. 12 He must carry it to the Priest, who must take a handful of it and lay a portion of it on the Altar as a whole-burnt offering to Jehovah and as a sin offering. 13 So the Priest must offer payment for the way that the person has sinned in these matters, and [the person] will be forgiven. Then, whatever remains of the flour offering will belong to the Priest.’
14 And the Lord spoke to Moses and said: 15 ‘The person who is truly unaware and unknowingly sins against any of the holy things of Jehovah must carry something to Jehovah for his error. [It must be] a perfect ram from his flock (or its value in the type of silver coins that are accepted in the Holy Place) [to pay] for his mistake. 16 He must pay for his sin against any of the holy things, and add a fifth more to it. He must give it to the Priest, and the Priest must cover his sin with the ram of his error, and then [the person] will be forgiven.
17 ‘And if any person sins and does something that isn’t right and which is against any of Jehovah’s Commandments – even if he doesn’t realize it – he is guilty of a sin. 18 So he must bring a perfect ram from his flock (or its value in silver) to the Priest for his mistake, and the Priest will [use it] to pay for the sin that he committed in ignorance; then he will be forgiven. 19 However, he has truly been found guilty of sinning before Jehovah.’
7 And the Lord told Moses, 8 ‘Give Aaron and his sons these instructions… 9 this is the law concerning whole-burnt offerings: Because whole-burnt offerings are to be left burning on the Altar all night long, the fire on the Altar must be kept burning and not be put out. 10 Then the Priest must put on the linen tunic and the linen underwear, and carry everything that has been thoroughly burned and consumed by the fire (the whole-burnt offerings) from the Altar and throw [the ashes] nearby. 11 And after that, he must take off that robe, put on another robe, and carry the burned [ashes] to a clean place outside of the camp.
12 ‘The fire on the Altar must be kept burning all the time and never be allowed to go out. The Priests must stoke it with wood each morning, so whole-burnt offerings and the fat of the peace offerings can be piled on it. 13 The fire must always be kept burning on the Altar and it must never be extinguished.
14 ‘This is the law concerning the sacrifices that the sons of Aaron must bring to the Altar before Jehovah: 15 [The Priest] must scoop a handful of the fine flour of the sacrifice that was offered along with its oil and all the frankincense, and put it on the Altar as a burnt offering and a sweet-smelling odor for Jehovah to remember. 16 Then Aaron and his sons may eat all that is left. However, it must be eaten without fermentation inside the courtyard of the Tent of Proofs… 17 and it must not be baked with any fermentation. I am giving a portion of Jehovah’s burnt offering to them, for it is very holy, as are the offerings for sin and the offerings for errors. 18 All the male Priests must eat it. This is to be the rule for burnt offerings to Jehovah throughout your generations and through the ages. For whoever touches them will be made holy.’
19 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 20 ‘This is the gift that Aaron and his sons must offer to Jehovah on the day that you anoint him: A quart of fine flour must be sacrificed, half of it in the morning and the other half in the evening. 21 It must be kneaded with oil into rolls [and cooked] in a pan, then offered [on the Altar] in pieces, as a sweet odor to Jehovah. 22 The Anointed Priest (one of [Aaron’s] sons who is serving in his place) will offer it, and it must all be burned. This is to be a rule through the ages: 23 All the sacrifices for the Priests must be totally burned and never be eaten.’
24 Then the Lord told Moses, 25 ‘Speak to Aaron and his sons and tell them that this is the law of the sin offerings: The sin offerings must be slaughtered before Jehovah in the same place as the whole burnt offerings, for they are very holy. 26 The Priest that offers it must also eat it in a holy place in the courtyard of the Tent of Proofs. 27 Anyone who touches its flesh must be holy, and all those whose clothes have been sprinkled with its blood must be washed in the Holy Place. 28 Thereafter, the clay pots that held [the sacrifice] must be broken. However, if it was put in a brass pot, [the pot] must be scoured and washed in water. 29 Then all the male Priests must eat it as something that is very holy to Jehovah. 30 But none of the blood of the sin offering that is carried into the Tent of Proofs to pay for sins in the Holy Place may be eaten. It must be burned with fire.
1 ‘This is the law of the Ram Offering for Errors, because it is the most sacred of the offerings: 2 They must butcher the Ram-Offering for Errors before Jehovah in the same place that they butcher the whole-burnt offerings, and the blood must then be poured around the base of the Altar. 3 Thereafter, they must remove all of the fat that is on the loins and around the entrails, 4 as well as on the two kidneys and the fat on them that is close to the thighs and on the lobe of the liver (which should be removed along with the kidneys). 5 Then the Priest must offer them on the Altar as an offering of submission to Jehovah, because this is an offering for errors. 6 This [sacrifice] should thereafter be eaten by all of the males among the Priests in the Holy Place, because this is the holiest of the holies. 7 The offering for errors is performed just like the offering for sins, since these are considered to be the same thing. And [the sacrifice] will thereafter belong to whichever Priest does the offering. 8 Also, the hide of any animal that is brought as a whole-burnt-offering will belong to the Priest.
9 ‘In addition; any sacrifice that is baked, or grilled, or fried will belong to the Priest who offers it. 10 And every sacrifice that is prepared with or without olive oil will be divided among the sons of Aaron equally.
11 ‘This is the Law of the Sacrifice of Salvation that they must bring before Jehovah: 12 If it is to be an offering of praise, he must bring a sacrifice of unfermented bread made of fine flour mixed with olive oil and pan-fried flat bead that is made of fine flour mixed with olive oil and smeared with olive oil. 13 Then along with the unfermented bread, he must offer a gift as part of the sacrifice of praise for his salvation. 14 And along with his gift offerings, he must bring a portion that is to be set aside for Jehovah, which will then belong to the Priest who pours out the blood of the offering. 15 Also, the meats of the Sacrifice of Praise for Salvation will belong to the Priest. This must be eaten on the day it is presented, and none may be left over until the next morning.
16 ‘If an offering is being made voluntarily as part of a vow, the person should bring his gift offering on whichever day he has chosen for his sacrifice, and it can be eaten on the following morning. 17 But any meats that are brought must be incinerated on the third day. 18 And if he eats any of the meat on the third day, the sacrifices will have been rejected and are no longer accepted on his behalf, because they are viewed as defiled. So, the person who eats it will continue to bear his sins.
19 ‘Also, all meats that have touched anything unclean may not be eaten. Rather, they must be incinerated in a fire, since all who are clean must eat meat that is clean. 20 And no person may eat any of the meat of the Sacrifice for Salvation that has been offered to Jehovah, for this will make him unclean and he must be destroyed from among his people. 21 In addition, any person who touches something unclean, such as the uncleanness of a person, or of a four-footed animal, or something disgusting from anything that is unclean, and then the person eats some of the meats of the Peace Offering that is presented to Jehovah; that person must be destroyed from among his people.’
22 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said: 23 ‘Speak to the sons of IsraEl and tell them that they must not eat the fat of sheep, oxen, or goats.24 And while the fat of decaying flesh or of that which has been killed by wild animals may be used for work, it may not be eaten. 25 Also, anyone who eats the fat of cattle that he has brought to Jehovah as an offering of submission must be destroyed from among his people. 26 Nor may you eat the blood of any cattle or birds in your home. 27 For any person who eats blood must be destroyed from among his people.’
28 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said: 29 ‘Speak to the sons of IsraEl and tell them that anyone who brings a Peace Offering to Jehovah must also bring the gift of a Salvation Offering. 30 In his own hands, he must carry these offerings to Jehovah: The fat on the breast and on the lobe of the liver… he must bring this and place it as a gift before Jehovah. 31 Then the Priest will offer it on the Altar, and the breast will be given to Aaron and to his sons.
32 ‘You must also cut off the right shoulder of the Salvation Offering and give it to the Priest. 33 The right shoulder of the Salvation Offering belongs to the one from among the sons of Aaron who offers up the blood and the fat. 34 So I have taken the breast of the Offering of the Blessings and the cut-off portion of the right shoulder from the sacrifices of the sons of IsraEl and given it all to Aaron the Priest and to his sons. This is to be a law through the ages for IsraEl, 35 since this is [part of] the anointing of Aaron and his sons… it is their portion of the Offering of the Blessings that Jehovah gave to them on the day that He appointed them to officiate as Priests to Him, 36 and when He appointed them and anointed them from among the sons of IsraEl as an age-long law through the generations.’
37 These are the laws of the whole burnt offerings, of the sacrifices for sins and for errors, of the consecration, and of the sacrifices of the Salvation Offerings, 38 in the way that the Lord gave these instructions to Moses on Mount Sinai on the day that He ordered the sons of IsraEl to bring their gift offerings before Jehovah, there in the Sinai Desert.
1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said: 2 ‘Go get Aaron and his sons, along with their robes, the anointing oil, a calf for a sin offering, two rams, and a basket of fermentation-free bread; 3 then assemble the whole gathering at the entrance to the Tent of Proofs.
4 So Moses did just as the Lord told him. He assembled the gathering at the entrance to the Tent of Proofs, 5 and Moses told them: ‘This is what Jehovah has commanded us to do.’ 6 So he brought Aaron and his sons forward and washed them with water. 7 Then he wrapped him in the robe, tied on the sash, and he put the tunic and the Word of Judgment on him. 8 He wrapped [the tunic] so the Word of Judgment would fit and clasped it tight before putting on the Word of Judgment, and he laid the Revelation and the Truth on top of that.
9 Next, he put the turban on [Aaron’s] head and mounted the gold plate (this most holy thing) on the front of the turban, just as Jehovah had commanded Moses.
10 Then Moses took the anointing oil 11 and sprinkled it on the Altar seven times to anoint the Altar and make it holy (along with everything on it, including its base and the basin). He made them holy, and he anointed the Tent and all its furniture, making them holy.
12 Then Moses poured anointing oil on Aaron’s head to anoint him and make him holy. 13 And Moses brought up Aaron’s sons, put on their robes and wrapped on their sashes, then he put on their turbans, just as the Lord had commanded Moses.
14 Next, Moses brought over the calf for the sin offering. So, Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of the sin-offering calf, 15 and Moses slaughtered it. Then he took some of the blood and rubbed it on the horns of the Altar with his finger, to purify it; and he poured the rest of the blood at the base of the Altar, to make it holy, so that it could be used to pay for sins. 16 Thereafter, Moses took all the inner fat plus the liver and kidneys and the fat around them, and he offered it on the Altar. 17 Then he burned the rest of the calf (its skin, flesh, and dung) in a fire outside of the camp, just as The Lord had commanded Moses.
18 Moses then brought over the ram for the whole-burnt offering. Aaron and his sons also laid their hands on its head and Moses slaughtered the ram, pouring the blood around the Altar. 19 Then he divided the ram by each of its limbs, and Moses offered up the head, the limbs, and the fat, after washing the feet and belly with water. 20 So Moses offered the whole ram on the Altar as a burnt offering, and it was burned as a sweet-smelling odor to Jehovah, just as the Lord had commanded Moses.
21 After that, Moses brought over the second ram (the last ram), and Aaron and his sons laid their hands on its head, and he slaughtered it. 22 So Moses took its blood and put some on the tip of Aaron’s right ear, on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot. 23 Then Moses brought in Aaron’s sons and put the blood on the tips of their right ears, on the thumbs of their right hands, and on the big toes of their right feet; and Moses poured the rest of the blood around the Altar.
24 Then he took the fat, the rump, the belly fat, the liver and kidneys and the fat that’s on them, as well as its right shoulder. 25 And from the basket of consecration that was before Jehovah, he took one fermentation-free loaf, one loaf made with oil, and one cake (along with the fat and the right shoulder), 26 and put them all in the hands of Aaron and his sons, who waved them before Jehovah. 27 Then Moses took it from their hands and put it all on the Altar as the whole-burnt offering of the last lamb; and it was burned as an offering to Jehovah, providing a sweet-smelling odor to Him. 28 Finally, Moses took the last lamb’s breast and set it aside before Jehovah, and this was given to Moses as his portion, just as the Lord had commanded Moses.
29 Thereafter, Moses took some of the anointing oil and some of the blood that was on the Altar, and sprinkled it on Aaron and his garments, and on his sons and their garments. 30 [By doing this], he made Aaron and his garments, as well as his sons and their garments, holy.
31 Then Moses said to Aaron and his sons: ‘Now, boil the flesh in the Holy Place inside the Tent of Proofs, and eat it there along with the loaves in the last basket, just as the Lord told me when He said, Aaron and his sons must eat this. 32 After that, you must burn whatever is left of the flesh and loaves in a fire. 33 And then you must stay inside the entrance to the Tent of Proofs until the end of seven days. For in seven days, He will make you perfect 34 in the same way as He did on the day that the Lord commanded me to do this to pay for your sins. 35 You must remain inside the entrance to the Tent of Proofs for seven days and nights… you must obey this rule of Jehovah so that you won’t die, for that is what Jehovah God has commanded.’
36 Well, Aaron and his sons then followed the instructions that the Lord gave as commandments to Moses.
1 It was on the eighth day that Moses called Aaron and his sons out before IsraEl’s elders. 2 And Moses said to Aaron: ‘Now, select a perfect young calf from the herd as a sin offering and a ram as a whole-burnt offering, then offer them before Jehovah. 3 And tell the elders of IsraEl: Take one goat kid to be a sin offering, and take a young calf and a perfect yearling lamb as whole-burnt offerings, 4 as well as a calf and a ram as peace offerings to Jehovah, along with fine flour that is mixed with oil, because the Lord is going to appear among you today!’
5 So, just as Moses commanded, they brought [the animals] to the Tent of Proofs, and the entire gathering came and stood before Jehovah. 6 Then Moses said: ‘This is what Jehovah told us to do… for after that, the glory of the Lord will appear among you.’
7 And Moses told Aaron: ‘Now, approach the Altar and offer your sin offering and your whole-burnt offering so as to pay for the sins of you and your family… and then you must offer gifts for the people to pay for their sins, just as the Lord commanded.’
8 So Aaron went to the Altar and slaughtered the calf as his sin offering. 9 Then Aaron’s sons brought the blood to him, and he dipped his finger in it and put some on the horns of the Altar; and thereafter, he poured the rest of the blood at the base of the Altar. 10 Next, he offered the fat, the kidneys, and the liver on the Altar as a sin offering, just as the Lord had commanded Moses. 11 Then the flesh and hide were burned in a fire outside of the camp.
12 After that, he slaughtered the whole-burnt offering; and Aaron’s sons brought the blood to him, which he poured all around the Altar. 13 Then they brought the whole-burnt offering (which they had cut in pieces), and he laid the head on the Altar. 14 Then he washed the belly and feet with water, and put them on the Altar.
15 Thereafter, he brought up the gifts for the people. He took the goat, which was the people’s sin offering, and slaughtered it and washed it, as before. 16 Next, he brought the whole-burnt offering, and he offered it in the proper way, 17 carrying the sacrifice in his hands and laying it on the Altar beside the whole-burnt offering that had been offered up in the morning.
18 Then he slaughtered the calf and the ram as peace-offering sacrifices for the people. So, Aaron’s sons brought the blood to him, which he poured all around the Altar, 19 and he put the calf’s fat, as well as the hindquarters of the ram, the fat on its belly, its kidneys and the fat on them, the membrane around the liver, 20 as well as the fat on the breasts, and offered it on the Altar. 21 Then Aaron set aside the breast and right shoulder as a choicest offering before Jehovah, just as the Lord had commanded Moses.
22 Then, after he had offered up the sin offering, the whole-burnt offerings, and the peace offerings, Aaron raised his arms over the people and blest them before coming back down, 23 and both Moses and Aaron went into the Tent of Proofs. Then when they came out, they blest all the people, and at that, the Lord’s glory appeared to all the people. 24 Also, fire came from Jehovah that consumed the offerings on the Altar (both the whole-burnt offerings and their fat); and when all the people saw this, they were stunned and fell to their faces.
1 Then two of Aaron’s sons (Nadab and AbiUd) took their censers, put incense and fire in them, and offered it before Jehovah in a way that is quite different from what they had been commanded. 2 And after they did that, fire came from the Lord and consumed them, causing them to die there before Jehovah.
3 So Moses said to Aaron: ‘Jehovah told us that He must be treated as holy by those who approach Him, and He must be glorified before the whole congregation!’
4 Then Moses called MisaDae and EliShaphan ([two of] the sons of Aaron’s uncle OziEl) and said to them: ‘Come here and remove your brothers from in front of the Holy Place, then [carry their bodies] outside of the camp!’
5 So they came and took them (while they were still wearing their [Priestly] outfits) outside of the camp, just as Moses had said. 6 Then Moses said to Aaron, EliEzer, IthaMar, and his remaining sons: ‘Now, don’t uncover your heads or tear your clothes, unless you also want to die and bring [God’s] rage down upon the entire congregation, for then your brothers and the entire house of IsraEl would start mourning this burning that came from Jehovah! 7 And don’t leave the entrance to the Tent of Proofs or you will die, because Jehovah’s anointing oil is upon you!’
8 Then the Lord spoke to Aaron and said: 9 ‘Hereafter, you and your sons must not drink any wine or liquor before you enter the Tent of Proofs or before you approach the Altar, lest you should die! This is [to be] a law through the ages [for all your] generations. 10 For [you must be able to] recognize the difference between what is sacred and what is profane, and between what is clean and what is unclean! 11 And [you must] teach the children of IsraEl all the laws that [Jehovah gave] them through Moses.’
12 Then Moses told Aaron, EliEzer, IthaMar, and Aaron’s surviving sons: ‘Now, take the remaining sacrifices among the burnt offerings for Jehovah and eat [them with] fermentation-free bread close to the Altar; because, that is a very holy [place]. 13 Eating the burnt offerings to Jehovah in the Holy Place will be the law for you and your sons; for He has commanded 14 that you, your sons, and your families must eat the breast that has been set aside [for you], as well as the choicest shoulder, in the Holy Place. This is the rule for you and your sons concerning the peace-offering sacrifices [that are brought by] the children of IsraEl. 15 They must bring the choicest shoulder and [they must] separate the breast from the burnt offerings of fat as a separate division before Jehovah. This is to be the rule for you, as well as for your sons and daughters through the ages, just as the Lord commanded Moses.’
16 Well, when Moses started looking for the goat of the sin offering, [he found that] it had already been burned in the fire. So, Moses became very angry with EliEzer, IthaMar, and Aaron’s remaining sons, and he said: 17 ‘Why didn’t you eat the sin offering here in the Holy Place? It is a very holy [thing that Jehovah] has given you to eat before Him, so you can remove and pay for the sins of the entire gathering. 18 Why, its blood wasn’t even brought into the Holy Place… and Jehovah commanded you to eat [the sacrifice] here before Him!’
19 So Aaron asked Moses: ‘Well, if they bring their sin offerings and whole-burnt offerings to Jehovah today, and we eat the sin offerings that are brought today (despite what we have done), would that be pleasing to the Lord?’
1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron and told them, 2 ‘Speak to the sons of IsraEl and tell them that these are the animals that you may eat among all the animals on the ground: 3 You may eat any animal with a split hoof or that has a split between its two claws and chews the cud. 4 However, you may not eat those that just chew the cud or those that just have split hoofs or a split between the claws, [such as] the camel, because it chews the cud, but it doesn’t have a split hoof; so, this is something that’s unclean to you. 5 [This includes] the rabbit, because it chews the cud but it doesn’t have a split foot; so, it is unclean to you. 6 This [is also true] of the hare, because it doesn’t chew the cud and it doesn’t have a split foot; so, it is unclean to you, 7 as are pigs, because they have split hoofs and claws on each hoof, but they don’t chew the cud; so, they are also unclean to you. 8 You must not eat their flesh or touch their dead bodies, because they are unclean to you.
9 ‘These are the things that you may eat, [which live] in the water: You may eat anything that has fins and scales [that lives in] the water, whether in the seas or in the rivers. 10 However, anything that lives in the water but doesn’t have fins or scales (whether in the seas or in the rivers)… all else that lives in the water or comes out of the water is disgusting, and you are to consider it disgusting. 11 You must not eat their flesh and you must dislike their dead bodies. 12 You must view anything that lives in the water and doesn’t have fins or scales as disgusting!
13 ‘These are the things that you must dislike among the flying creatures… things that must not be eaten but are to be considered disgusting: eagles, ospreys, sea eagles, 14 vultures, kites, and the like; 15 ostriches, owls, seagulls, and the like; 16 ravens and the like; hawks and the like; 17 night ravens, cormorants, storks, 18 ibis, pelicans, swans, 19 herons, sandpipers, and the like, as well as hoopoes and bats.
20 ‘Also, all winged creatures that crawl on all fours are [to be considered] disgusting by you. 21 You can eat crawling winged creatures that move on all fours but have legs above their feet and jump around on the ground. 22 These include migratory locusts and the like, tree locusts and the like, crickets and the like, and grasshoppers and the like. 23 But any [other thing] that crawls and flies is to be considered disgusting by you; 24 and if you touch their dead bodies you will be unclean, and will remain unclean until the evening. 25 All who touch their dead bodies must wash their clothes and then be [considered] unclean until the evening.
26 ‘Any dead bodies of animals that have split hooves and claws but don’t chew the cud will be unclean to you, and everyone who touches them will be unclean until the evening. 27 Also, any wild animals that walk on four paws are unclean to you, and anyone that touches their dead bodies will be unclean until the evening. 28 If you touch their dead bodies, you must wash your clothes and be [considered] unclean until the evening. For all of such things are unclean to you.
29 ‘These crawling [animals are also] unclean for you among the slithering creatures: weasels, mice, crocodiles, 30 ferrets, chameleons, geckos, newts, and sand lizards. 31 Among all the crawling animals on the earth, these are unclean for you, and anyone who touches their dead bodies will be unclean until the evening.
32 ‘And if one of the dead bodies of these unclean [things] should fall on a wooden container, or on clothing, or on leather, or on a sack, or on anything that is used for work; [the item] should be washed in water and be unclean until the evening… then it will be clean. 33 Also, if one of these [animals] should fall into a clay pot or bowl; whatever is inside it will be unclean and it must be broken. 34 Any edible food that the water was poured on, or any beverage that was in such a vessel, will be unclean. 35 Everything that their dead bodies fall on will be unclean. Ovens and tables must be broken down, because they are unclean, and they are unclean for you. 36 Springs, pools, and moving water will be clean, but anyone who touches dead bodies will be unclean.
37 ‘If one of these dead bodies should fall on seeds that have been planted, the [seeds] are clean. 38 However, if water has been poured on the seeds and then one of their dead bodies fall on it, it is unclean to you.
39 ‘If one of the cattle that the Law allows you to eat should die [naturally]; whoever touches the body will be unclean until the evening. 40 Whoever eats such a body must wash his clothes and be unclean until the evening. And anyone who carries their bodies must wash their clothes, take a bath, and be unclean until the evening.
41 ‘All slithering animals that crawl on the ground must be [considered] disgusting by you and never be eaten. 42 And any slithering creatures that crawl along the ground on their bellies must not be eaten… you should consider them disgusting. 43 You shouldn’t dirty your lives with any slithering creatures that crawl on the ground. If you don’t allow them to pollute you, they won’t make you unclean. 44 For I am Jehovah your God who makes you holy, and you must remain holy, since I (Jehovah your God) am holy. Therefore, you must not dirty your lives with any of the slithering things that crawl on the ground. 45 For I am Jehovah who brought you out of the land of Egypt to be your God. So, you must be holy, because I (Jehovah) am holy.’
46 These are the laws concerning [four-footed] animals, flying creatures, everything that lives and moves in the water, and all creatures that crawl on the ground, 47 [so that you might understand] the difference between what is clean and unclean, and between those that give birth alive that can be eaten, and those that shouldn’t be eaten.
1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, 2 ‘You must speak to the children of IsraEl and tell them this: Whenever a woman gets pregnant and gives birth to a male child, she must be [considered] unclean for seven days, just as she is [considered] unclean during her monthly [menstrual] periods. 3 Then on the eighth day, she must circumcise [her son’s] foreskin flesh. 4 And for [the next] thirty-three days, she must continue as in [a state] of an unclean blood [flow], so she should not touch anything holy and [she] must not enter the Holy Place until the full period of her purification is fulfilled. 5 But if she gives birth to a female child, she must be considered unclean for fourteen days, and for the next sixty-six days she will remain [as in a state] of an unclean blood flow.
6 ‘When her period of purification for [giving birth to] a son or daughter is completed, she must bring a perfect yearling lamb to the Priest at the entrance to the Tent of Proofs as a whole-burnt offering, and bring a young pigeon or a turtledove as a sin offering. 7 Then [the Priest] must present it before Jehovah and offer it to pay for her sins and her flow of blood. This law applies to her, whether she gives birth to a male or a female. 8 However, if she can’t afford a lamb, she must bring two turtledoves or two young pigeons… one [to be sacrificed] as a whole-burnt offering, and the other as a sin offering. The Priest will use these to pay for her sins and to purify her.’
1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, and said: 2 ‘If anyone should [develop] a bright clear spot on his skin that looks like the plague of leprosy, he must be brought to Aaron (the Priest) or to one of his sons (the Priests), 3 and the Priest should examine the spot. If the hair in the spot has turned white and the spot is under the skin, it is leprosy; so, the Priest who looked at it must pronounce him unclean. 4 But if the spot on the skin is clear and white and doesn’t appear to be deep under the skin and the hair hasn’t turned white (but is dark), the Priest must quarantine him for seven days. 5 Then on the seventh day, the Priest must look to see if the spot is still there. [If it is] and if the spot hasn’t spread; the Priest should quarantine him for seven more days. 6 Then on the seventh day, the Priest should examine him a second time to see if the spot has started to darken. If it hasn’t, and if it isn’t spreading on his skin, the Priest will pronounce him clean, for it is just a scar. Then the person must wash his clothes and [he will] be [considered] clean.
7 ‘However, if the bright spot changes and spreads in the skin after the Priest has looked at him and called him clean; he must return to the Priest again, 8 and the Priest must reexamine him. Then if he finds that the mark has spread inside the skin, the Priest must pronounce him unclean; for it is leprosy.
9 ‘If a man [thinks he] has the plague of leprosy, he must go to the Priest 10 and the Priest should examine him. Then if [he finds] a white spot under the skin where all the hair has turned white and there are signs of good flesh in the sore; 11 this is leprosy that has matured in the skin. So, the Priest must pronounce him unclean and quarantine him, because he is unclean.
12 ‘But if the leprosy becomes very visible and it covers all the person’s skin wherever the Priest looks, from his head to his feet, 13 and this is what the Priest finds; {Look!} the Priest must pronounce him clean of the plague, because once everything has turned white, he is clean. 14 But if new flesh starts to appear again, he must be pronounced unclean. 15 For if the Priest finds sound flesh, this sound flesh proves that he is unclean and that he has [active] leprosy. 16 Then if the sound flesh changes back to white once again, he must return to the Priest, 17 and the Priest must examine him. If he then sees that the plague has all turned white, the Priest must pronounce him clean, for he is clean.
18 ‘And if [anyone] should develop a sore in his skin that heals, 19 then it turns white, or lighter, or very red; it should be examined by the Priest. 20 And if, when the Priest looks at it, he finds that it is growing under the skin and that the hair has turned white; the Priest must pronounce him unclean, because leprosy has broken out in the sore. 21 But if the Priest finds that there is no white hair and that it isn’t growing under the skin, but that it has a dark color; then the Priest must quarantine him for seven days. 22 And if he finds that it is spreading over the skin, the Priest must pronounce him unclean; for a plague of leprosy has broken out in the sore. 23 However, if the bright spot stays the same and doesn’t spread, it is just a scar, and the Priest must pronounce him clean.
24 ‘But if the skin becomes inflamed and bright red, then appears to heal, but develops splotches that are bright, clear, and white, mixed with red or very white; 25 the Priest should examine him. If he finds the hair turning white and that the bright color is under the skin; leprosy has broken out. 26 But if he sees that there isn’t any white hair in the inflammation and it isn’t growing under the skin, but is dark; the Priest must quarantine him for seven days. 27 Then on the seventh day, the Priest should examine him to see if the spot has spread in the skin. [If it has], the Priest will pronounce him unclean, because of the plague of leprosy that has broken out in the sore. 28 But if the bright spot doesn’t move and doesn’t spread in the skin, but gets darker; it’s [just] the inflammation of a scar and the Priest will pronounce him clean.
29 ‘And if a man or woman [thinks that they have] developed the plague of leprosy on the head or in the beard, 30 the Priest must examine it. And if he finds that it is growing under the skin and that the hair has turned thin and yellow, then the Priest will pronounce the person unclean; for the skin is dead and it is leprosy of the head or of the beard. 31 However, if the Priest finds dead skin, but he sees nothing growing under the skin and there is no yellowish hair, the Priest must quarantine the person for seven days. 32 Then on the seventh day, the Priest must examine the person again. And if the dead skin hasn’t spread and there is no yellowish hair on it, and there doesn’t appear to be a hollow spot under the skin, 33 the skin must be shaved everywhere except where the dead skin is, and the person should be quarantined a second time… for seven more days. 34 Then on the seventh day, the Priest must look to see if the dead skin has spread to the area that was shaved. [If it hasn’t], and if there doesn’t appear to be a hollow spot under the skin, the Priest will pronounce him clean, and he must wash his clothes and be clean.
35 ‘However, if the dead skin does spread after he has been purified; 36 the Priest must examine it and affirm that the dead skin has spread… and even if he finds no yellow hair, the person is unclean. 37 But if the dead skin doesn’t spread and dark hair grows from it, the dead skin has healed and he is clean; so, the Priest must pronounce him clean.
38 ‘Now, if a man or woman develops bright white spots on his or her skin, 39 the Priest must look at it. And if he just finds bright white spots on the skin, it is psoriasis and he or she is clean. 40 [The same is true] when someone starts losing his hair; he is just balding and he is clean. 41 If he loses his hair in the front, he has forehead baldness and is clean. 42 But if white or red blotches should develop in the baldness on [the top of] his head or on his forehead, it is leprosy. 43 The Priest must examine him, and if he finds white spots or an inflammation in the bald places on top or in the front that look like leprosy, 44 he is [to be considered] a leper. The Priest must absolutely pronounce him unclean because of the plague on his head.
45 ‘Those who are lepers must wear unbelted clothing and they must cover their heads and their mouths, and they are to call out, Unclean! 46 They are always to be unclean as long as they have the plague on them. They are to separate themselves and travel outside of the camp.
47 ‘And if leprosy is found in any wool or linen clothing, 48 or in anything that has been woven with wool or linen thread, or in any leather or things that have been made with skin; 49 or if you find a greenish or reddish coloring in the skin or in the clothing, or in the weaving, or in anything made of skin; it is a plague of leprosy, and you must show it to the Priest. 50 Then the Priest must examine it and quarantine it for seven days.
51 ‘Then on the seventh day, the Priest must examine it again; and if he finds that the plague has spread in the clothing, weaving, leather, or in whatever may be made from skin, it is confirmed as leprosy and it is unclean. 52 Then the clothing, or the wool or linen weaving, or the thing made of skin in which there is the confirmed plague of leprosy, must be burned in a fire.
53 ‘However, if the Priest sees that the plague hasn’t spread in the clothing, weaving, or things made of skin; 54 he must instruct someone to wash the thing that held the plague, and the Priest will quarantine it a second time for seven days. 55 Then if the Priest sees that the plague hasn’t changed its appearance in the clothing or woven things after it has been washed (even if it hasn’t spread), it is unclean and it must be burned in a fire. 56 But if the Priest sees that the spot has turned dark after it was washed, he must cut it out of the clothing, weaving, or skin. 57 However, if it still looks the same in the clothing, weaving, or skin; it is an active plague of leprosy and it must be burned in a fire. 58 But if the clothing, weaving, or thing made from skin washes clean, the plague has been removed. It must then be rewashed and be clean.’
59 These are the laws concerning the plague of leprosy on wool or linen clothing, weaving, and leather goods, to [show whether to] pronounce them as clean or unclean.
1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, 2 ‘This is the law about lepers: On the day that [a leper] has been cured, a Priest must be brought to him 3 outside of the camp to look and see if the plague of leprosy has been removed. 4 Then the Priest must tell the cleansed person to obtain two live, clean birds, some cedar wood, some spun scarlet and some hyssop; 5 and following the Priest’s directions, he must slaughter one of the birds in a clay pot over some running water. 6 Then [the Priest] must take the living bird, the cedar wood, the spun scarlet and the hyssop, and he must dip them and the living bird into the blood of the bird that was killed, under the running water, 7 and he must [use them to] sprinkle [some of the blood on] the person who was cured of leprosy, seven times… then he will be clean. And thereafter, he must set the living bird [free] to fly into the fields.
8 ‘Thereafter, the person who was cured must wash his clothes, shave off all his hair, and wash himself in water; and then he will be clean and he can return to the camp… but he can’t enter his house for seven days.
9 ‘On the seventh day, he must shave all the hair off his head, beard, eyebrows, and everything else, then wash his clothes and his body in water, in order to be clean.
10 ‘Then on the eighth day, he must take two perfect yearling lambs and one perfect yearling ewe, plus a quart of fine flour that has been kneaded with oil as a sacrifice, and one small cup of oil. 11 And the Priest who did the cleansing must present the man who is being purified (along with these [offerings]) before Jehovah, at the entrance to the Tent of Proofs. 12 Then the Priest must take the lamb and present it as a compensation offering, along with the cup of oil, and set them aside as special offerings before Jehovah. 13 Then they must slaughter the lamb at the Holy Place where they slaughter the whole-burnt offerings and sin offerings, because a compensation offering (like a sin offering) is very holy, and it belongs to the Priest.
14 ‘Then the Priest must take the blood of the compensation offering and put some of it on the tip of the right ear, the thumb of the right hand, and on the big toe on the right foot of the person being cleansed.
15 ‘Thereafter, the Priest must take the cup of oil and pour it over his own left hand, 16 then dip the finger of his right hand in some of the oil in his left hand, and sprinkle it before Jehovah with his finger, seven times. 17 And the Priest must put the remaining oil (which is on his hand) on the tip of the right ear, on the thumb of the right hand, and on the big toe of the right foot of the person who is being cleansed, where the [blood of the] compensation offering [was put]. 18 Any oil that is left over on the hand of the Priest should then be put on the head of the cleansed person, and the Priest must [use it to] pay for his sins before Jehovah.
19 ‘After that, the Priest must sacrifice the sin offering as a payment to Jehovah for the sins of the person who is being purified, and then the Priest must slaughter the whole-burnt offering. 20 The Priest must offer the whole-burnt offering sacrifice on the Altar before Jehovah to pay for [the person’s] sins, so he can be cleansed.
21 ‘However, if [the person] is poor and can’t afford much, he must bring a lamb as a separate offering to pay for his sins and to soothe his [relationship with God], plus a quart of fine flour mixed with oil for a sacrifice, a cup of oil, 22 and two turtledoves or two young pigeons (whichever he can afford). One will serve as the sin offering and the other as the whole-burnt offering. 23 These must be brought to the Priest (before Jehovah) at the entrance to the Tent of Proofs on the eighth day, so he can be purified. 24 Then the Priest must take the lamb of the compensation offering and the cup of oil, and set them before Jehovah. 25 Then he must slaughter the lamb, and the Priest must take its blood and put some of it on the tip of the right ear, on the thumb of the right hand, and on the big toe of the right foot of the person who is being purified.
26 ‘After that, the Priest must pour the oil over his own left hand, 27 and sprinkle some of the oil that is on his left hand with the finger of his right hand (before Jehovah), seven times. 28 Then the Priest must put some of the oil that is on his hand on the tip of the right ear, on the thumb of the right hand, and on the big toe of the right foot of the person who is being cleansed, and over the blood of the compensation offering. 29 Any oil that is left on the hand of the Priest must then be put on the head of the one who is being purified, and the Priest must pay for his sins before Jehovah.
30 ‘Thereafter, he must offer the turtledoves or young pigeons (whichever the person can afford); 31 one for a sin offering, and the other for a whole-burnt offering. The Priest must use these to soothe the relationship of the person being purified with Jehovah.’
32 This is the law for the person who has the plague of leprosy and who can’t afford the offerings for his purification.
33 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, and said: 34 ‘When you enter the land of the CanaAnites, which I am giving you to own, I will [allow] the plague of leprosy to [exist] in the houses of the land that you will own. 35 [When it is found], the owner of the house must report it to the Priest and say, I have seen what looks like a plague in [my] house. 36 Then the Priest must have the furniture removed from the house before he enters it to look at [what is described as] the plague, so none of the furniture in the house will become unclean. Thereafter, the Priest can go in and examine the house.
37 ‘When he looks at [what is called] the plague on the walls of the house, and if he sees green or red pits that run beneath the surface of the walls; 38 the Priest must walk outside of the house, [close] its door, and quarantine it for seven days. 39 And if the Priest returns to look at the house on the seventh day and finds that the plague has spread in its walls; 40 then the Priest must order the [infected] stones to be removed and thrown into an unclean place. 41 Thereafter, the entire house must be scraped down and the dust must be poured into an unclean place outside of the city; 42 and scraped stones must be used [to replace the removed] stones. Then the [whole house] must be re-plastered.
43 ‘However, if the plague returns and breaks out in the house after they have taken away the stones and scraped and re-plastered the walls; 44 the Priest must go in and see if the plague has [truly re-grown] in the house. [If so], it is a confirmed leprosy in the house, [and the house] is unclean. 45 So they must tear down the house – all its timbers and all its stones – and carry everything outside of the city to an unclean place. 46 And anyone who enters that house at any time during its demolition must be [considered] unclean until the evening. 47 Also, anyone who sleeps in the house or eats there must wash his clothes and be [considered] unclean until the evening.
48 ‘But if the Priest goes in and sees that the plague hasn’t spread in the house at all after it has been re-plastered; the Priest must declare the house clean, because the plague has been cured. 49 Then to purify the house, he must take two clean, living birds, some cedar wood, some spun scarlet and some hyssop, 50 and he must slaughter one of the birds in a clay pot over running water. 51 Then he must take the cedar wood, the spun scarlet, the hyssop, and the living bird, and dip them into the blood of the bird that was slaughtered under running water, and use them to sprinkle the house [with the blood] seven times. 52 The house will then be purified with the blood of the bird, the running water, the living bird, the cedar wood, the hyssop, and the spun scarlet. 53 Then he must let the living bird go to leave the city for the fields in order to create a good relationship with [God] for the house, and to make it clean.’
54 This is the law about all plagues of leprosy and dead skin, 55 as well as about the leprosy of clothing, houses, 56 sores, clear spots, and shiny ones, 57 to show what is unclean and what to do when it is cured. This is the law on leprosy.
1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, and said, 2 ‘Speak to the children of IsraEl and tell them this: Whenever a man has gonorrhea in the male [member] of his body, his discharge is unclean. 3 This is the law concerning the uncleanness caused by gonorrhea in a body, and it describes the uncleanness that is caused by the discharge that is affecting his body as long as it keeps coming from his body, and of how his body is unclean due to the discharge.
4 ‘Any bed or seat that the person (with the discharge) sits on, is unclean. 5 So, anyone who touches the bed must wash his clothes, take a bath, and be unclean until the evening. 6 Also, anyone who sits on the seat where the person with the discharge sat, must wash his clothes, take a bath, and be unclean until the evening.
7 ‘Anyone who touches the skin of the man with the discharge must wash his clothes, take a bath, and be unclean until the evening. 8 And if the man who has the discharge should spit on someone that is clean; [the clean person] must wash his clothes, take a bath, and be unclean until the evening.
9 ‘Any saddle that the man with the discharge has mounted must be unclean until the evening; 10 anyone who touches things that have been under him will be unclean until the evening; and anyone who picks him up with his hands must wash his clothes, take a bath, and be unclean until the evening. 11 Also, anyone whom the man with the discharge touches (if he hasn’t washed his hands in water) must wash his clothes, take a bath, and be unclean until the evening.
12 ‘Any clay pot that the person with the discharge happens to touch must be broken; but any wooden bowl can be washed in water, and it will be clean.
13 ‘However, if [the man] should be cured of the discharge; he must wait for seven days before he can be called clean. Then he must wash his clothes, take a bath, and he will be clean. 14 And on the eighth day, he must obtain two turtledoves or two young pigeons and bring them before Jehovah at the entrance to the Tent of Proofs, and give them to the Priest. 15 Then the Priest must offer one as a sin offering and the other as a whole-burnt offering. Thereby, the Priest will pay for [the man’s] sins before Jehovah, for the discharge.
16 ‘Any man who ejaculates semen must wash his whole body and be unclean until the evening. 17 And every piece of clothing, or any skin on which there is semen, must be washed with water and be unclean until the evening. 18 And when any woman goes to bed with a man and receives his semen, they must both bathe in water and be unclean until the evening.
19 ‘And during the week that a woman is experiencing menstruation; she must separate herself, and anyone who touches her will be unclean until the evening. 20 Also, everything that she lies on or sits on during [her period of] separation will be unclean. 21 And whoever touches her bed must wash his clothes, bathe in water, and he will be unclean until the evening. 22 Also, anyone who touches any pot that she sits on, must wash his clothes, bathe in water, and be unclean until the evening. 23 And when someone touches her while she’s lying in bed or sitting on a chair; he will be unclean until the evening. 24 But if anyone lies with her and gets her uncleanness on him; he will be unclean for seven days, and any bed that he lies on will be unclean.
25 ‘And if a woman has a blood flow for a long time (not just during her period of separation, but if her blood continues to flow after that); as long as it continues the unclean flow, she must separate herself and be unclean. 26 Then any bed that she lies on during the outpour must be treated like the bed of her separation, and any chair that she sits on will be unclean, the same as it is during her period of separation. 27 Anyone who touches it will be unclean, and he must wash his clothes, bathe in water, and be unclean until the evening.
28 ‘However, after the [unusual] blood flow stops, she must wait seven days; and thereafter, she will be considered clean. 29 Then on the eighth day, she must take two turtledoves or two young pigeons and bring them to the Priest at the entrance to the Tent of Proofs, 30 and the Priest must offer one as a sin offering and the other as a whole-burnt offering. This is how the Priest must pay for her sins before Jehovah for her unclean flow.
31 ‘You must make the children of IsraEl aware of what makes them unclean, so they don’t die for polluting My Tent while they are unclean. 32 These are the laws concerning men who have gonorrhea, concerning their ejaculation (so no one is polluted by it), 33 for women to be separated during their menstruation, how males and females are to deal with ejaculated sperm, and what to do with a man who lies with a woman during [her period of] separation.’
1 It was after Aaron’s two sons had died for bringing unauthorized fire before Jehovah that the Lord spoke to Moses 2 and said: ‘Tell your brother Aaron not to come before the Propitiatory that lies upon the Chest of Proofs behind the veil in the Holy Place at just any time, so he doesn’t die! For I will appear in a mist over the Propitiatory.
3 ‘This is how Aaron may enter the Holy Place: [He must do so] with a calf of the herd as a sin offering, and with a ram as a whole-burnt offering. 4 He must wear the perfect linen tunic and the linen underwear to cover his flesh… he must wrap himself with the linen sash, put on the linen turban (for these are holy garments), and he must wash his entire body in water before he puts them on.
5 ‘Then he must take two kids goats for a sin offering and one lamb for a whole-burnt offering on behalf of the gathering of the children of IsraEl. 6 Aaron must also bring a calf as a sin offering to cover his own sins and of those of his house. 7 Then he must take the two goats and stand them before Jehovah at the entrance to the Tent of Proofs, 8 and Aaron must cast lots over the two goats… one [will be] for Jehovah, and the other [will be] the scapegoat.
9 ‘Then Aaron must bring up the goat that the lot [showed was Jehovah’s], and sacrifice it as a sin offering. 10 And the goat that was chosen by lot as the scapegoat must be presented alive before Jehovah as a cleansing for [the people], then it must be sent away as the scapegoat and released into the desert.
11 ‘Thereafter, Aaron must bring a calf to cover his own sins and slaughter it as a sin offering, to cleanse himself and his house.
12 ‘Then he must take his censer and fill it with coals from the fire on the Altar before Jehovah and fill his hands with fine mixed incense, then bring it inside the veil 13 and put the incense on the [coals] there before Jehovah. This incense smoke must cover the Propitiatory (under which the tablets that are inside the [Chest of] Proofs have been put), so he doesn’t die. 14 And after that, he must take the calf’s blood and sprinkle it eastward toward the Propitiatory with his finger… he must sprinkle the blood toward the Propitiatory with his finger, seven times.
15 ‘Then he must slaughter the goat before Jehovah as the people’s sin offering, and he must bring its blood inside the veil and do the same thing that he did with the blood of the calf… sprinkle its blood on and in front of the Propitiatory. 16 [By doing this], he will [cleanse] the Holy Place on behalf of the uncleanness of the children of IsraEl… for their errors and all their sins. He must do these things in the Tent of Proofs that was established there among them amidst all their uncleanness.
17 ‘No one else may be inside the Tent of Proofs when he enters the Holy Place to cover sins – from the time that he enters until the time he leaves – as he pays for his own sins, for those of his house, and for those of the whole gathering of the children of IsraEl.
18 ‘Afterward, he must go outside to the Altar that is before Jehovah and put the blood of the calf and the goat all around the horns of the Altar, to pay for these sins. 19 Then he must sprinkle some of the blood on the Altar with his finger seven times, to cleanse it and to make it holy from the uncleanness of the children of IsraEl.
20 ‘After Aaron finishes cleansing the Holy Place, the Tent of Proofs, and the Altar, he must hold a cleansing for the Priests. He must bring up the living goat, 21 lay his hands on its head, and he must speak of all the errors of the children of IsraEl, all of their unrighteousness, and all of their sins. He must lay them on the head of the living goat, and then a man must lead it away into the desert. 22 [By doing this], Aaron will be sending all of their unrighteousness away into the desert on the head of that goat.
23 ‘Thereafter, Aaron must go back inside the Tent of Proofs and remove the linen garments that he put on as he entered the Most Holy, and he must leave them there. 24 Then he must wash with water inside the Holy Place, put on his [regular] clothes, then go outside and offer one whole-burnt offering for himself and one for the people. By doing this, he will pay for his own sins as well as for those of his house, those of the Priests, and those of the people. 25 Then he must offer the fat on the Altar as a sin offering.
26 ‘Also, after the goat is led out of the camp and released [into the desert], the person [who leads it out] must wash his clothes and bathe in water before he reenters the camp.
27 ‘As for the calf and goat for the sin offering whose blood was carried in to pay for sins in the Holy Place; they must be carried outside of the camp and burned in a fire… everything must be burned, including their skin, flesh, and dung. 28 Then the person that burns them must wash his clothes and bathe in water… and thereafter, he may return to the camp.
29 ‘This is a rule for you through the ages: On the tenth day of the seventh month, you must humble yourselves; and you, as well as the aliens and strangers that live among you must not do any work. 30 For on that day, [the High Priest] must [offer the sacrifices to] pay for your sins and to cleanse you from all your errors before Jehovah… and this will purge them from you. 31 This must be a most holy Sabbath for you – a time of rest – and you must humble yourselves… this is to be a rule through the ages.
32 ‘Whichever Priest that they [choose to] anoint must [offer the sacrifices] to pay for the sins. And whomever they choose to make perfect so as to serve in the Priestly office after his father, must put on the linen robe and the holy garments. 33 He’s the [only] one who may [enter] the Most Holy inside the Tent of Proofs to pay for sins. He must then cleanse the Altar and the Priests, and pay for the sins of the entire gathering. 34 This must be your rule through the ages… that [he must offer sacrifices] for the children of IsraEl to pay for all their sins. And it must be done once each year, just as Jehovah commanded Moses.’
1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, 2 ‘Speak to Aaron, his sons, and to all the children of IsraEl, and tell them that this is the command of Jehovah 3 to all of the children of IsraEl, including the aliens that live among you: If you slaughter a calf, sheep, or goat [as a sacrifice] – whether inside or outside of the camp – 4 [you must] bring it to the entrance of the Tent of Proofs as a sweet smelling whole-burnt offering or as a peace-offering sacrifice to Jehovah for it to be accepted [by Him]. If you slaughter it outside and don’t bring it to the entrance at the front of the Tent of Proofs as a gift to Jehovah, you will be held guilty of shedding the blood, and you must be cut off from your people.
5 ‘Any [clean animals] that the children of IsraEl might carry in the from fields as an offering to Jehovah must be brought to the entrance of the Tent of Proofs and to the Priest, who must then sacrifice it as a peace offering to Jehovah. 6 Then the Priest must pour its blood on and around the Altar before Jehovah and offer the fat as a sweet-smelling odor to Him.
7 ‘Do not waste [your time] by offering sacrifices in [spiritual] adultery. This is the rule for you through the ages and for all your generations.
8 ‘And you must tell them: Should any man of the children of IsraEl or of the sons of the converts that are living among you offer a whole-burnt offering as a sacrifice 9 and fail to bring it to the entrance of the Tent of Proofs and offer it there to Jehovah… he must be destroyed from among his people.
10 ‘Also, if any man of the children of IsraEl or any alien that is living among you eats any blood; I will set My face against that person who eats the blood and make him an enemy among his people. 11 For [the animal’s] blood is the life of its flesh, and I have given it to you [for use] on the Altar to pay for your sins… its blood will pay for the sins in your lives! 12 That is why I’ve told the children of IsraEl that none of you should eat blood, nor should any aliens that live among you eat blood.
13 ‘And if any man of the children of IsraEl or any alien that is living among you should catch an edible animal while hunting (whether a wild animal or a bird), you must pour out its blood and cover it with dirt; 14 because, the blood of all flesh is its life. Therefore, I have told the children of IsraEl not to eat the blood of any flesh, because the blood is the life of all flesh, and any person that eats it must be destroyed. 15 Also, anyone who eats anything that has died on its own or has been [killed] by animals – whether [that person] is a native or an alien – must wash his clothes, bathe in water, and be unclean until the evening… then he will be clean. 16 But if he doesn’t wash his clothes or bathe his body in water, he will continue to carry his sin.’
1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, 2 ‘Speak to the children of IsraEl and tell them [this]: I am Jehovah your God! 3 So, you must not do the things that were done in Egypt where you [used to] live, or follow the ways of the [people in] the land of CanaAn where I am taking you… don’t do these [things] and don’t follow their rules! 4 You must obey and follow My decisions and keep My rules; for I am Jehovah your God! 5 You must follow all My rules and all My decisions… yes, follow them in such a way [that you learn to] live by them; for I am Jehovah your God!
6 ‘No man may approach a close relative and uncover his/her nakedness; for I am Jehovah. 7 Don’t uncover your father’s naked [body], or your mother’s naked [body]… she’s your mother, so don’t [undress] her! 8 Nor should you uncover the naked [body] of your stepmother, because [that is the same as uncovering] your father’s naked [body].
9 ‘You must not uncover the naked [body] of your sister, whether by your father or by your mother, or whether she’s born at home or somewhere else. 10 Nor should you uncover the naked [body] of your grandchildren, because that is your own nakedness. 11 You must not uncover the naked [body] of the daughter of your father’s woman, for she’s your stepsister by your father. So, don’t uncover her nakedness.
12 ‘You must not uncover the naked body of your father’s sister, because she’s your father’s closest relative. 13 Nor may you uncover the naked [body] of your mother’s sister, for she is your mother’s closest relative. 14 You must not uncover the naked [body] of your father’s brother, nor may you [have sex] with his woman, because she’s also related to you.
15 ‘You must not uncover the naked [body] of your daughter-in-law, because she’s your son’s woman… so, don’t undress her! 16 Nor should you uncover the naked [body] of your brother’s woman, because that is also your brother’s nakedness.
17 ‘You must not [uncover] the naked body of a woman and her daughter, and you may not uncover the naked [bodies] of [the woman’s] grandchildren… for that would be disrespectful, since they are also related to you. 18 Nor should you take your woman’s sister while [your woman is] still alive, because uncovering her sister’s nakedness would be offensive to her.
19 ‘You must not [have sex] with a woman and uncover her naked body while she’s [sleeping apart] during her [menstrual period]. 20 And you must not [have sex] with your neighbor’s woman and dirty yourself with her.
21 ‘You must not give your sperm in service to a ruler, and you must not profane My Holy Name; for I am Jehovah.
22 ‘You must not go to bed with a male as [you would] with a female, because that is disgusting. 23 Nor may you lie down and have sex with any animal, for that would pollute you. And it is disgusting for any woman to offer herself before any animal to have sex with it.
24 ‘Don’t dirty yourselves with any of these things, because these are the things that have dirtied the nations that I’m driving out from before you… 25 they’re the things that are polluting their land, and they’re the reasons why I’m paying them back for their sins! For the very land is being offended by the people who live there!
26 ‘You must keep all My Laws and all My rules. And the native peoples and the aliens who come to live among may not do any of these disgusting things. 27 Because, these are the disgusting things that the people who lived in the land before you did… and it polluted the land! 28 So, don’t offend the land by polluting it, as did the people that I am driving away. 29 Any person who does any of these disgusting things must be destroyed from among your people.
30 ‘So, you must keep My rules! You may not do any of the disgusting things that have been done [in the land] before you get there, and you must not pollute yourselves; for I am Jehovah your God!’
1 And the Lord spoke to Moses, and said, 2 ‘Speak to the gathering of the children of IsraEl and tell them this: You must be holy… for I, Jehovah your God, am holy!
3 ‘Everyone must fear his father and his mother, and you must keep My Sabbaths… for I am Jehovah your God!
4 ‘You must not bow before idols, nor may you mold [statues] as gods for yourselves… for I am Jehovah your God!
5 ‘If you bring a peace-offering sacrifice to Jehovah, it must be offered willingly. 6 It may be eaten on the day after you sacrifice it; but if any of it should be left over until the third day, it must be totally burned in a fire. 7 For if any of it is eaten on the third day, the entire sacrifice will be considered unfit and it will not be accepted. 8 Also, the person who eats it will be [guilty] of sin, because he has misused the holy things of Jehovah; so, he must be destroyed from among his people.
9 ‘When you harvest your land, you must not completely harvest everything, nor may you pick up anything that falls on [the ground]. 10 And when you pick the grapes in your vineyard, you must not gather them all… you must leave some for the poor and for strangers… for I am Jehovah your God!
11 ‘You must not steal, you must not lie, and you must not provide false testimony as a witness against your neighbor.
12 ‘You must not swear false oaths in My Name, nor may you misuse the Holy Name of your God… for I am Jehovah your God!
13 ‘You must not do anything to harm to your neighbor… you must not rob him, nor may the wages of a hired hand be withheld until the [next] morning.
14 ‘You must not make fun of the deaf, nor set traps for the blind; for you must fear Jehovah your God… I am Jehovah your God!
15 ‘You must never judge unrighteously. You must not mistreat poor people, nor may you show more respect to those who are powerful… you must be just when you judge your neighbors!
16 ‘You must not march in treachery against your nation, and you must not spill the blood of your neighbors; for I am Jehovah your God!
17 ‘You must not dislike your brothers in your hearts, and you must correct your neighbors [whenever they are wrong], so you aren’t found guilty of sin because of something that they are doing. 18 You must not raise your hands in vengeance or be angry with the sons of your people… you must love your neighbors as you [love] yourselves; for I am Jehovah, 19 and you must obey My Laws!
‘You must not allow your cattle to breed with other types [of cattle]; you must not plant a vineyard with different types of seeds; and you must not wear woven pieces of clothing that are made from different [materials].
20 ‘If anyone goes to bed and has sex with a woman who is the household servant of another man, and she hasn’t been sold or set free by the man’s overseer; they must [both] be punished, but not killed… because, she wasn’t free. 21 Then for his sin, he must bring a ram as an offering for his error to Jehovah at the entrance to the Tent of Proofs. 22 There, the Priest must use the ram that is being offered to pay Jehovah for the sin that he committed, and then his sin will be forgiven.
23 ‘And when you enter the land that Jehovah your God is giving to you and plant any fruit trees; you must first purge away the filth [of the land. So, its fruit must be unclean to you, and it may not be eaten for three years. 24 But in the fourth year, all the fruit will be holy and worthy of praise to Jehovah. 25 And in the fifth year, you must eat the fruit… for that’s when it will produce a great abundance… I am Jehovah your God!
26 ‘Don’t hold feasts in the mountains, and you must not allow anyone to search for omens in the flights of birds.
27 ‘You must not have the hair on your head cut short, nor may you shave your beards. 28 And should you make cuts on your bodies over [the death of a loved one], nor may you tattoo your bodies… for I am Jehovah your God!
29 ‘You must not allow your daughters to become dirty by making them whores, so the land doesn’t become filled with prostitution and sin.
31 ‘You must not associate with or pollute yourselves with those who speak to [the demons], nor may you have anything to do with witches… for I am Jehovah your God!
32 ‘You must rise before a grey-headed person… [you must] value the faces of elderly men, and you must fear your God… for I am Jehovah your God!
33 ‘And if a stranger should come to [live among] you in your land, you must not make his life difficult. 34 You must treat strangers as natives, and you must love them as yourselves; for you were once strangers in the land of Egypt. I am Jehovah your God!
35 ‘You must not be unrighteous in your judgments, in your measurements, or in your weights and scales. 36 You must all have honest weights, scales, and liquid measures… for I am Jehovah your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt! 37 You must obey and follow all My Laws and rules… for I am Jehovah your God!’
1 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 2 ‘You must also tell the children of IsraEl this: If any of the children of IsraEl or any of IsraEl’s converts offer their [children] to Moloch, they must be put to death… the [people] in the land must stone him with rocks. 3 I will set My face against that man and cut him off from his people, because he has given his [child] to Moloch and defiled My Holy Place, dirtying the name of My holy people.
4 ‘And if anyone in the land should in any way choose to overlook what that person did by giving his [child] to Moloch, and fail to put him to death; 5 I will turn My face against that man and his family, and destroy him and everyone who agrees with him, so he doesn’t go to the rulers and lead the people into [spiritual] adultery.
6 ‘I will also turn My face against any person who commits [spiritual] adultery by becoming a follower of someone who predicts the future by means of [demons] or through witchcraft… I will destroy [such a person] from among his people. 7 For you must be holy as I Jehovah your God am holy. 8 You must obey My rules and follow them, for I am Jehovah who makes you holy.
9 ‘Any person who is found guilty of saying bad things about his father or mother must absolutely be put to death for the bad things that he says about them.
10 ‘When any man commits adultery with another man’s woman, or when anyone commits adultery with his neighbor’s woman; both the adulterer and the adulteress must absolutely be put to death!
11 ‘And if anyone is found guilty of lying down with his father’s woman; he has uncovered his father’s nakedness, so both must absolutely die!
12 ‘And if anyone is found guilty of lying down with his daughter-in-law; both must absolutely be put to death for their lack of respect.
13 ‘And when anyone is found guilty of lying with a male as though he were a female; they have both done something disgusting, so they must absolutely die.
14 ‘It is also a sin when someone takes both a woman and her mother. They must both be burned in a fire for their badness, so there won’t be any sins among you.
15 ‘Any male that [has sex with] an animal must absolutely be put to death along with the animal. 16 And if any woman is found guilty of [having sex with] an animal; you must absolutely kill both the woman and the animal.
17 ‘If anyone undresses his sister (by his father or his mother) so they can look at each other’s nakedness; it is disgusting. They must both be destroyed in front of the other children in their family, for they have sinned by [looking at] each other’s naked bodies.
18 ‘And whenever a man lies down with a woman who is sleeping apart during [her menstrual period] and uncovers her naked body; he is uncovering the source of her blood flow and seen her blood, so they must both be destroyed from among their generation.
19 ‘You must not undress your father’s sister or your mother’s sister and look at the naked body of the close relative; for both will be guilty of sin. 20 Whoever [has sex] with a close relative has also uncovered the naked body of his [other] close relative, and they must [both] die childless. 21 And whoever [has sex] with his brother’s woman has done something that is unclean; for he has uncovered his brother’s naked body, so they must [both] die childless.
22 ‘If you obey and follow all My rules and decisions, you won’t offend the land where I am taking you to live. 23 You must not [adopt] the customs of the nations that I am driving out before you, because I have disliked them for the things that they are doing. 24 I have told you that you will inherit their land, and I am giving you this land that flows with milk and honey as your own. For I am Jehovah your God who is setting you apart from all those nations.
25 ‘You must pay attention to the differences between the clean and unclean cattle, and the clean and unclean birds. You must not dirty yourselves with [unclean] cattle or birds, or with any of the things that slither on the ground; for I have separated you from such uncleanness. 26 You must be holy to Me, because I (Jehovah, your God) am holy, and I have set you apart from all other nations as Mine.
27 ‘And if a man or woman is found guilty of telling the future by means of a [demon], or is a witch; he or she must absolutely be put to death. You must stone the person with rocks.’
1 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, ‘Speak to the Priests among the sons of Aaron and tell them that they must not [show themselves to be mourning] the dead in front of the nation. 2 They may [mourn] for a close relative such as a father, mother, son, daughter, brother, 3 or for a loved virgin sister who isn’t married… they may [show that they mourn] these. 4 However, they may not show their mourning in front of the people by appearing unclean. 5 They must not shave their heads bald on top, nor may they shave their beards or cut gashes in their flesh over the dead. 6 They must be holy to their God, and they may not profane the Name of their God. They must [remain] holy, because they offer the sacrifices to Jehovah as gifts to their God.
7 ‘They must not take a woman who is a whore, one who has been violated, or one who has been divorced, because these [men] are holy to their God Jehovah. 8 They must remain holy, because they offer the gifts to their God Jehovah. They must be holy, for I Jehovah (who makes them holy) am holy.
9 ‘Also, if the daughter of a man who is a Priest dirties herself by having immoral sex, she is dirtying the name of her father, and she must be burned in a fire.
10 ‘The Priest who is the chief one among his brothers – the one who has been anointed by having oil poured over his head and who has been made perfect to wear the [Priestly] garments – must not remove the turban from his head, or tear his clothes, 11 or even get close to a dead body… no, he may not profane himself even for his own father or mother. 12 He may not leave the Holy Place and he must not make the Holy Place of his God unclean, because he wears God’s holy anointing oil… I am Jehovah.
13 ‘[A Priest] may only take a woman who is a virgin and from his own tribe… 14 not a widow, a divorcee, someone who has been violated, or a whore. He may only take a virgin from his own people as his woman. 15 He must not profane his seed among his people, for I am Jehovah who makes him holy.’
16 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, 17 ‘Tell Aaron this: Through the generations, no man of your tribe who is physically imperfect may be used to offer the gifts to his God. 18 No one may be used who is blind, lame, has a disfigured nose, deformed ears, 19 a crippled hand or foot, 20 is a hunchback, has cataracts, has lost his eyelashes, has open sores, has a birthmark, or has lost a testicle.
21 ‘None of Aaron the Priest’s seed that is physically imperfect may be used to offer sacrifices to your God because of an imperfection. Such ones must not go in to offer the gifts to God, 22 for these gifts are very holy. He may eat the holy things, 23 but he must not approach the veil or get close to the Altar because of his handicap. He must not dishonor the Holy Place of his God, for I am Jehovah who makes him holy.’
1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, 2 ‘Speak to Aaron and his sons, and warn them to be careful with the holy things of the children of IsraEl, so they don’t profane My Holy Name in anything that they offer to Me in a holy way… for I am Jehovah! 3 Tell them that throughout their generations, any of their seed that comes before Me to offer the holy things (whatever the children of IsraEl may bring to Jehovah) and do so while they are unclean must be cut off from Me… for I am Jehovah your God!
4 ‘And if any man who is the seed of Aaron the Priest should have leprosy or a running sexual discharge, he may not eat the holy things until he becomes clean. So, any of them that touch something unclean from a dead body, or who have ejaculated sperm, 5 or who have touched an unclean slithering thing that has defiled him, or who touches an unclean person… 6 that soul will be unclean until the evening. So, he must not eat any of the holy things until he bathes his body in water 7 after sundown… then he will be clean and he can eat all the holy things; for they are his as food.
8 ‘He must not eat anything that dies on its own or has been killed by wild animals, so he isn’t polluted by them… for I am Jehovah! 9 He must keep My rules so he doesn’t fall into sin over these matters and die because of making himself dirty… for I am Jehovah their God who makes them holy.
10 ‘And no stranger may eat the holy things, including those who travel with the Priests or those who are hired by them. 11 But if a Priest purchases a [slave] with money, or if [a person] is born in his house, he or she may eat the [holy] bread. 12 But if the daughter of a Priest should marry a stranger, she may not eat the offerings from the Holy Place. 13 However, if the Priest’s daughter is widowed or divorced and has no children, and she returns to her father’s house as when she was young; she may eat her father’s bread… but no stranger may do so.
14 ‘If a man [who isn’t worthy] should eat holy things in ignorance, he must return as much with a fifth more added, and give the holy things to the Priest.
15 ‘They must not profane the holy things of the children of IsraEl that are offered to Jehovah 16 and thereby bring the sin of error upon themselves when they eat their holy things… for I am Jehovah who makes them holy.’
17 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, 18 ‘Speak to Aaron, his sons, and to the entire gathering of IsraEl, and tell them this: Any man among the children of IsraEl or any alien that lives among them in IsraEl who wishes to offer a gift as a confession (as they may choose) – whatever they may bring to Jehovah as a whole-burnt offering – 19 must offer it willingly, and it must be a perfect male from his herd, or of his sheep or goats. 20 They must not bring anything to Jehovah that isn’t perfect, for I won’t accept it.
21 ‘And whenever a man brings something to Jehovah from his herd or his sheep as a peace offering, or to fulfill a promise, or as a free-will offering; it must be perfect to be accepted… it shouldn’t have any flaws. 22 They may not offer anything to Jehovah that is blind, lame, has its tongue cut out, has warts, a running sore, or a scar… they must not offer any of these as burnt offerings on the Altar.
23 ‘If a calf or a sheep is missing an ear or has lost its tail, you can slaughter it for yourself; but it is unacceptable [as an offering] for your vows. 24 This is [also true] of one that has been castrated or has had its testicles crushed… you must not offer it to Jehovah as a sacrifice in your land.
25 ‘And you may not offer any of these gifts to your God at the hand of a stranger, because that would corrupt [the gift] and make it imperfect. So, [such practices] are unacceptable for you.’
26 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, 27 ‘Calves, sheep, and goats must suckle their mothers for seven days from the time they are born; and only after the eighth day may they be accepted as burnt-offering sacrifices to Jehovah… 28 and you must not sacrifice a cow or an ewe and its young on the same day.
29 ‘If you vow to offer a sacrifice to Jehovah out of sheer joy, you must offer it willingly! 30 It must then be eaten on that same day and not left over until the next morning… for I am Jehovah!
31 ‘You must keep My Commandments and obey them, 32 and you must not profane the Name of your Holy One, for I must be made holy in the midst of the children of IsraEl. I am Jehovah who makes you holy and 33 who brought you out of the land of Egypt to be your God… I am Jehovah!’
1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, 2 ‘Speak to the children of IsraEl and tell them that the feasts of Jehovah that you’re going to call Holy Assemblies, are My feasts. 3 Therefore, you may work for six days, but the seventh day is the Sabbath, a [day of] rest and a Holy Assembly to Jehovah. You must not work on that day, for it is a Sabbath to [Jehovah… and this covers] everything that you may do!
4 ‘Here are the feasts to Jehovah… the Holy Assemblies that you are to [observe] in each of their seasons:
5 ‘The fourteenth day of the first month, from evening to evening, is Jehovah’s Passover. 6 Then the fifteenth day of that month is the Feast of Fermentation-free bread, so you must eat fermentation-free bread for seven days. 7 The first [of these] days must be a Holy Assembly for you, and you must not work for anyone on that day. 8 Then you must offer whole-burnt offerings to [Jehovah during those] seven days. And the seventh day will be [another] Holy Assembly for you, [during which] you must not work for anyone.’
9 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, 10 ‘Speak to the children of IsraEl and tell them: When you enter the land that I will give to you and you start reaping its harvests, you must bring a bundle of [cut stalks] from the first fruitage of your harvest to the Priest, 11 and he must hold them up and wave the bundle before [Jehovah, in order for Him to] accept it from you. This must be done on the morning of the first day.
12 ‘And on that same day, you must offer a perfect yearling lamb as a whole-burnt offering to Jehovah. 13 Then, along with this offering of meat, you [must offer] two quarts of fine flour mixed with oil as a sweet-smelling sacrifice and a quart of wine as a drink offering to Jehovah. 14 You may not eat any new bread or roasted grain until this day that you offer the sacrifices to your God. This is a Law through the ages and throughout your generations for as long as you live.
15 ‘Thereafter, you must count the days, starting from the day after the Sabbath when you offered the bundle of grain that was waved before Jehovah; and after seven full weeks, 16 on the morning following the last week (or after fifty days), you must bring a food offering to Jehovah. 17 You must also bring two loaves [of bread] from your homes that are made from two quarts of fine flour baked with fermentation as an offering of your first fruitage to Jehovah.
18 ‘And with the bread, you must bring seven healthy yearling lambs, a calf from your herd, and two perfect male kid goats as whole-burnt offerings to Jehovah. These food and drink offerings are to be sacrificed as a sweet-smelling odor to Jehovah. 19 One of the kid goats must be sacrificed as a sin offering, and the two yearling lambs are to be offered with the first-fruit bread as a peace offering. 20 The Priest must set them aside with the first-fruitage loaves as an offering before Jehovah. They will be holy to Jehovah, and they will belong to the Priest who [offers] them.
21 ‘You must designate this as an Assembly Day, and it must be holy to you; so, you may not work for anyone on that day. This is a rule throughout all your generations, wherever you may live.
22 ‘And when you harvest your land, you must not reap everything in your field, nor may you gather anything that falls during the harvest. You must leave it for the poor and for strangers… for I am Jehovah your God!’
23 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, 24 ‘Also, the tenth day of the seventh month is to be the Day of Atonement [when you must pay for your sins]. It [is also] to be a [day of] Holy Assembly for you. You must be very humble [on that day] and present a whole-burnt offering to Jehovah. 25 You must not do any work on that day, for it is a day when you must pay for your sins before Jehovah, your God. 26 – 27 – 28 – 29 Any person who doesn’t show humility on that day must be cut off from among his people. 30 And any person who works on that day should have his life destroyed from among his people. 31 Also, you must not do any sort of work! This is a law through the ages and throughout all your generations, wherever you may live.
32 ‘The ninth day of that month, from evening to evening, is [also] to be a holy Sabbath for you, and you must humble yourselves and keep your Sabbaths.’
33 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, 34 ‘Speak to the children of IsraEl and tell them this: The fifteenth day of the seventh month and the next seven days are to be the Feast of Temporary Dwellings to Jehovah. 35 The first day must be a Holy Assembly [during which] you may not work for anyone. 36 You must offer whole-burnt offerings to Jehovah for the next seven days, and then the eighth day will be a Holy Assembly to you [during which] you must offer whole-burnt offerings to Jehovah. This is [to be] a free day, so you must not work for anyone.
37 ‘These are the feasts to Jehovah that you are to call Holy Assemblies, [and during which] you are to offer burnt offerings to Jehovah… whole-burnt offerings, food offerings, and drink offerings, each on its day. 38 This is in addition to the Sabbaths to Jehovah, to your gifts, to all your vows, and to all the free-will offerings that you will bring to Jehovah.
39 ‘On the fifteenth day of the seventh month, after you have completely harvested all the fruitage of the ground, you must hold a feast to Jehovah for seven days… and both the first and eighth days will be for resting. 40 On the first day you must bring a large amount of fruit from your trees, some palm-tree branches, some thick tree branches, willow branches, and branches from water willows, as a rejoicing to Jehovah your God… [do this] for seven days each year.
41 ‘This is to be the law through the ages for all your generations… you must observe this in the seventh month. 42 You must live in temporary structures for seven days… yes, all the native people of IsraEl must live in temporary structures, 43 so your descendants can see that I made the children of IsraEl live in such structures when I brought them out of the land of Egypt… for I am Jehovah your God!’
1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, 2 ‘Talk to the children of IsraEl and tell them to bring pure, beaten olive oil [for use in] the lamp so that it may always be kept burning 3 outside the veil of the Tent of Proofs. Aaron and his sons must keep it burning before Jehovah continuously from evening until morning. This is a law through the ages for all your generations. 4 The lamps on the pure lampstand must be kept burning before Jehovah until morning.
5 ‘Then you must take fine flour and make twelve loaves [of bread] from it. Each loaf should be made from two quarts [of flour]. 6 Place them in two rows, six loaves per row, on the pure table before Jehovah, 7 then pour frankincense and salt over each row. Remember to set these things and the loaves before Jehovah on each Sabbath. 8 They must continue to be set before Jehovah by the children of IsraEl as a sacred agreement through the ages. 9 These will all be put there for Aaron and his sons, who must eat it inside the Holy Place… for this is their own very holy portion of the offerings that are made to Jehovah, as [part of] the Law of the ages.’
10 Well, it so happened that there was this son of an IsraElite woman (whose father was an Egyptian) [that lived] among the children of IsraEl, and he got into a fight in the camp [with a man] whose mother and father were both IsraElites. 11 Then [during the fight], the son of the IsraElite woman used God’s Name while cursing… so they brought him to Moses (his mother’s name was ShalomIth, and she was the daughter of DaBri of the tribe of Dan), 12 and they tied him up and held him for judgment by Jehovah.
13 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, 14 ‘Take the man that did the cursing outside the camp, and then everyone who heard [him cursing] must lay their hands on his head, as the whole gathering stones him to death. 15 Then speak to the sons of IsraEl and tell them that whoever curses God is sinning, 16 and whoever [curses] using the Name of the Lord must absolutely be put to death, whether he is a native or an alien. The entire gathering of IsraEl must stone him with rocks and he must die for [swearing vengeance in] Jehovah’s Name.
17 ‘Also, whenever a man strikes another man and kills him, he must absolutely be put to death. 18 And whenever a man strikes [someone’s] animal and it dies; he must give a life for the life. 19 And whoever harms his neighbor must have the same thing done to him… 20 bruise for bruise, eye for eye, tooth for tooth. Whatever damage he does to a man must be done to him. 21 And if a man strikes a man and kills him, he must be put to death. 22 This one judgment must be the same for both the natives for and the aliens… for I am Jehovah your God!’
23 Well, after Moses said all these things to the children of IsraEl, they took the man who had done the cursing outside the camp and stoned him with rocks… the children of IsraEl did just as Jehovah had commanded Moses.
1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses [while he was] on Mount Sinai and told him, 2 ‘Speak to the children of IsraEl and tell them this: When you enter the land that I am giving to you, the ground must [be allowed] to rest during its Sabbaths to Jehovah. 3 You may plant your fields, prune your vines, and gather their fruitage for six years. 4 However, the seventh year will be a Sabbath during which the land must rest. During this Sabbath to Jehovah, you may not plant your fields, prune your vines, 5 or gather anything that starts to grow of its own in your fields, nor may you completely gather all the sacred grapes; for that is to be a year of rest for the ground. 6 However, during the Sabbaths on the land, [there will be enough] food for you and for your male and female servants, those who work for you, as well as for any aliens that live among you. 7 But as for your cattle and the wild animals that live on your land; they may eat whatever they wish.
8 ‘Thereafter, you must keep track and [count off] seven Sabbaths of years (seven times seven years) to make seven weeks of years, or forty-nine years. 9 Then in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month (on the Day of Atonement), you must sound a trumpet and send a proclamation throughout the entire land with trumpeting. 10 For that year (the fiftieth year) is to be holy, and you must proclaim a release on the land and on all who live on it… it is to be a year of setting free. It’s a Signal to you that each person may then return to his home and his family.
11 ‘The fiftieth year must be a Signal of Release among you. So, you may not plant or harvest any of the produce that grows from the ground on its own, or gather any of its sacred fruit. 12 For it is to be the Signal of Release, and it must be holy to you, during which you must eat the [stored] crops that you have harvested from the fields.
13 ‘In the year of the Release Signal, everyone must [be allowed] to return home. 14 So if you sell [your land] to a neighbor, or if you should buy your neighbor’s [land], it must not be [held permanently]. 15 You must count the number of years after each Release Year from the time that you purchase [land] from your neighbor, then [figure out] how many years [you may own it] and how much you will likely harvest from it… 16 the more years, the higher the [land’s] value. So, when there are few years, there is less value, since there will be fewer crops, and [the price] should be [set lower]. 17 No man should oppress his neighbor, for you must fear your God Jehovah… I am Jehovah your God!
18 ‘You must keep all My Laws and decisions and obey them. For if you follow and obey them, you will live in the land in safety, 19 the ground will provide abundantly, you will have plenty to eat, and you will live there in security.
20 ‘Now, if you should ask what you will eat during the seventh year if you don’t plant anything or pick your fruit; 21 I will send My blessings in the sixth year, and the land will produce abundant crops during [the previous] three years. 22 Then you will start planting again in the eighth year and eat from your stored crops until the ninth year… yes, until its crop comes in, you will eat from the stored crops.
23 ‘Therefore, no land may be sold permanently, since all the land is Mine and you are just aliens and travelers before Me. 24 So, any land that you [buy] must also be allowed to be repurchased. 25 If your brother who lives near you is poor and has to sell [you] some of his land, and his relative should thereafter come to assist him; he must be allowed to buy back the land that his brother sold. 26 Or if he has no such relative and he starts to prosper and finds enough money to buy it back himself; 27 he must calculate how many years the land has been sold, and pay the person to whom he sold it a fair amount… and then it should be returned. 28 But if he hasn’t prospered enough to buy back the property; the one who bought it will own the land through the sixth year before the year of Release… then it should be returned and its owner can go back to his land. 29 – 30 – 31 – 32 – 33 – 34 –
35 ‘Also, if your brother who lives among you becomes poor and needs to [borrow some money] from you; you must help him as you would an alien or a traveler, so that your brother may continue to live among you. 36 You must not charge him interest or [tell him] to pay you more; for you must fear your God… I am Jehovah! And you must [help] your brother to keep living among you. 37 You must not lend your money to him for interest, and you must not lend him any food and expect him to pay you back with more. 38 For I am Jehovah your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt to give you the land of CanaAn and to be your God.
39 ‘And if your brother should become so bad off that he sells himself to you; he must not serve and work as your slave… 40 you must treat him like a hired person or as a traveler, and he will only work for you until the Year of Release. 41 Then during the Release, he and his children will leave as a family, and they will hurry back to their family possessions, 42 because they are My servants whom I brought out of the land of Egypt. So, they can’t be sold as slaves, 43 nor may you force them into hard labor; for you must fear Jehovah your God.
44 ‘If you wish to purchase male and female slaves; buy them from the nations that live around you. 45 You may also buy the sons of the travelers that live among you. You may buy them and their relatives… all that live in your land may become your possession 46 and may be left as an inheritance to your children after you, and be your [family] possession through the ages. However, you must never oppress your brothers of the children of IsraEl by forcing them to do hard labor.
47 ‘And if an alien or a traveler who lives among you should become rich, and your brother who is in need is sold to the alien or traveler that lives among you, or to an [IsraElite] convert; 48 after he has been sold, one of his brothers must buy him back. 49 An uncle, a cousin, or another close relative from his tribe must be allowed to buy him… or if he gets wealthy, he may buy himself back.
50 ‘The person who buys him must calculate how many years there were from the time that he sold himself until the Year of Release, and them pay the amount that would be paid to a hired person during that number of years. 51 And if anyone has [enough money] to pay [the wages] for all those years, he must pay the ransom. 52 If there is just a short time until the Year of Release; he will pay the ransom [for that short period]. 53 [Also, the person who buys him] must treat him as hired help through the years… he must not be forced into hard labor! 54 And if he can’t pay his own fair ransom, he and his children must be set free in the Year of Release. 55 For the children of IsraEl are My servants… they are My attendants whom I brought out of the land of Egypt.
1 ‘You must not mold [gods] for yourselves or carve them with your hands, nor may you set up stone pillars in your land to worship… for I am Jehovah your God! 2 You must keep My Sabbaths and be in fear of My Holy Place… for I am Jehovah!
3 ‘If you follow My rules and keep My Commandments and obey them, 4 I will give you rain in its season, the ground will produce its fruitage, and the trees in your fields will bear fruit. 5 Then your threshing time will run through your fruit-picking time, and your fruit-picking time will run into your [planting] time. You will eat all the bread you want and you will live on your land in safety, for there will be no wars in your land. 6 Yes, I will bring peace to your land, so you can go to sleep and not fear anyone; I will also destroy all the bad animals in your land; 7 and you will chase your enemies and they will be slaughtered before you. 8 Five of you will chase a hundred, and a hundred of you will chase tens of thousands. Then your enemies will be cut down before you with swords. 9 I will also watch over you, make you grow and multiply, and keep My Sacred Agreement with you. 10 Then you may eat that which is old and very old, or throw out the old to make way for the new.
11 ‘Then I will pitch My Tent among you, and in My heart, there will be no hatred of you. 12 So I will walk among you and be your God, and you will be My people. 13 I am Jehovah your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt where you were slaves. I’m the One who broke the shackles of your [slavery] and paraded you away in front of [everyone]!
14 ‘However, if you choose not to listen to Me and obey My rules… 15 if you disobey them and your lives come to dislike My decisions… if you don’t keep all My Commandments and if you break My Sacred Agreement, 16 these are the things that I must do to you:
‘I will bring uprisings among you and make you uncomfortable. You will develop rashes, jaundice, fever, loss of eyesight, and your lives will be shortened. When you plant seeds, it won’t do any good, because your enemies will eat the [crops]. 17 For if I set My face against you, you will fall before your enemies. Those who dislike you will chase you, and you will run even when there’s no one behind you!
18 ‘And if you still refuse to listen to Me, I will have to discipline you seven times as much for your sins, 19 because I must break down your haughtiness and pride. I will turn your sky into iron and your ground into brass, 20 and all your hard work will be wasted; for the seeds in your ground won’t produce, and the trees in your fields won’t bear fruit.
21 ‘And after that, if you continue to walk a crooked path and you aren’t willing to obey Me; I will bring seven plagues upon you for your sins. 22 I will send wild animals into the land to eat you and kill your cattle, so you will decrease in numbers and your [land] will become empty.
23 ‘And if that doesn’t straighten you out and you continue to walk a crooked path with Me; 24 My Spirit will become crooked and I will walk a crooked path among you, causing Me to strike you seven times for your sins. 25 I will bring swords against you to avenge My Sacred Agreement. Then when you run to your cities for safety, I will send death to you and you’ll be handed over to your enemies. 26 I will also bring a famine of bread among you, so it will take ten women to bake your loaves in just one oven. And when they weigh out portions of bread for you to eat, you will still be hungry.
27 ‘And if you still don’t obey Me but continue to walk a crooked path with Me; 28 I will walk among you with an angry mind, and I must discipline you seven times as much for your sins, 29 so you will have to eat the flesh of your own sons and daughters. 30 I will also wipe away your stone columns and totally destroy the wooden [images] that you’ll make with your hands, then lay your dead bodies on the remains of your idols… for My soul will dislike you.
31 ‘I will destroy your cities, empty your holy places, and [never again] smell the odor of your sacrifices. 32 I will empty your land, and your enemies who live there will be amazed. 33 For I will scatter you among the nations… you will be attacked with swords and destroyed, and your land and your cities will be emptied!
34 ‘Meanwhile, the ground will enjoy its Sabbaths during all the time that it’s empty… 35 as you’re living in the land of your enemies! Yes, that’s when the land will enjoy its Sabbaths… during all the time that it’s empty! For it will keep the Sabbaths that weren’t kept when you lived there.
36 ‘I will put all who remain into bondage [as slaves] there in the land of your enemies, so that in your hearts, even the sounds of shaking leaves will chase you. You will run as though you’re running from a war and fall when no one is chasing you. 37 Brothers won’t have any regard for their brothers, as in a war. And though no one will be chasing you, you won’t be able [to be saved from] your enemies. 38 You will die there among the ethnics, and the lands of your enemies will swallow you down. 39 Then those who are left will perish because of their sins and the sins of their fathers… they will just waste away in the lands of their enemies.
40 ‘However, if they should then confess their sins and the sins of their fathers, and [admit] that they have sinned and neglected Me, and that they have walked a crooked path before Me, 41 and [admit that] this is the reason why I walked among them with a crooked mind and destroyed them, [sending them off] into the lands of their enemies… yes, when their uncircumcised hearts become ashamed and they repent of their sins, 42 I will once again remember the Sacred Agreement that I made with AbraHam, IsaAc, and Jacob. 43 I will also remember their land, and that land will still be waiting for them. For by then, the land will have enjoyed her Sabbaths during the time that they were gone.
‘Yet, they must acknowledge their sins… that they neglected My decisions and they disliked My Laws in their [hearts]. 44 But despite this, I still won’t fail to [keep an eye] on them while they are in the land of their enemies, nor will I dislike them and void the Sacred Agreement that I made with them. For I am Jehovah, their God.
45 ‘Then I will remember the Sacred Agreement [that I made with them] when I brought them out of the land of Egypt and out of the house of slavery before that nation, to be their God… for I am Jehovah!
46 ‘These are My decisions, My rules, and the Law that Jehovah Himself gave to the children of IsraEl from Mount Sinai through the hand of Moses.’
1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, 2 ‘Speak to the children of IsraEl and tell them this: Whenever anyone wishes to make a vow to offer the value of a life to Jehovah; 3 the value of a male between twenty and sixty years old must be fifty double-silver coins by the standards of the Holy Place. 4 The value of a female must be thirty double-silver coins, 5 and the value for a male child between five and twenty years old must be twenty double-silver coins, and ten double-silver coins for a female.
6 ‘As for a child between one month and five years old; the value for a male must be five double-silver coins, and for a female, three double-silver coins. 7 And for those who are over sixty, the value must be fifteen double-silver coins for a male and ten double-silver coins for a female. 8 But if a person is too poor to pay these values, he must go before the Priest, and the Priest will value him at whatever the man says he can afford in his vow; and this is [the price] that the Priest must set for him.
9 ‘When cattle are offered as gifts to Jehovah by anyone, they become holy. 10 So the [person] may not trade a good one for a bad one, or a bad one for a good one. If someone does decide to make a trade, it must be with an equal… and both animals will be holy.
11 ‘If [someone should bring] an unclean animal (which must never be offered as a gift to Jehovah); he must lead the animal to the Priest, 12 and the Priest must determine whether or not it has any value. Then whatever value the Priest sets is what must be paid for it. 13 And if he wishes to buy it back, he must pay a fifth more than that amount.
14 ‘If a man chooses to set aside his house as holy to Jehovah; the Priest must determine whether or not it has any value, and whatever value the Priest sets is what must be paid. 15 Then if he wishes to buy it back, he must pay a fifth more for it than the valuation.
16 ‘If a man should choose to designate a portion of a field that he owns as holy to Jehovah, it must be valued by whatever is planted there. It will be worth fifty double-silver coins for every two hundred and fifty quarts of barley… 17 that is, that’s how much it should be valued if he should [set aside] his field as holy on the Year of Release; 18 but if he donates his field sometime after the Release, the Priest must figure its value to the next Year of Release and deduct the appropriate amount from the full valuation. 19 But if the one who made the field holy wishes to buy it back [before the Year of Release]; he must add a fifth more to its value and it will be his once again. 20 However, if he doesn’t buy back the field, it may be sold to someone else… and then he can’t buy it back later. 21 For after the Release, the field will be holy to Jehovah and thereafter be subdivided… because the Priests will then own it.
22 ‘And if a man should set aside a field to Jehovah that he has bought and it isn’t a family possession; 23 the Priest must calculate its value to the Year of Release, and that’s how much he must pay that day, as something holy to Jehovah. 24 Then in the Year of Release, the land must be restored to the man who sold it and [really] owns the land.
25 ‘All the values must be determined by using the holy weights. A double-silver coin is worth twenty copper coins.
27 ‘If [a man] should choose to buy back an unclean animal, he must add a fifth more to its valuation. But if he doesn’t buy it back, it may be sold at its stated value.
28 ‘Anything a man has that he chooses to curse before Jehovah, whether it’s a man, an animal, or a field that he owns; it may never be sold or taken back. Everything that is cursed for destruction becomes very holy to Jehovah. 29 And anyone from among mankind that is cursed may never be ransomed, but must surely be put to death.
30 ‘Anything in the land that is to be offered, whether it’s seeds or the fruit of trees, is Jehovah’s… it is holy to Jehovah. 31 And if any man should ever wish to buy back his offering, he must add a fifth more to its [value], and it will be his.
32 ‘A tenth of everything, including bulls, sheep, and anything else that is taxable, is also holy to Jehovah. 33 So, you may never exchange anything good for anything bad, or anything bad for anything good. If you should make an exchange, it must be with an equivalent; and since it is holy, it cannot be repurchased.’
Written by Moses, covering the period from the second year after the IsraElite Exodus until just before they entered the Promised land.
We believe that this all happened during the reigns of the Egyptian Kings Amenhotep I and Thutmose I, whom historians say ruled between 1554-BCE and 1515-BCE.
1 On the first day of the second month ([while they were still] in the desert at Sinai), two years after their departure from the land of Egypt, the Lord spoke to Moses inside the Tent of Proofs and He said, 2 ‘Take a census of the entire gathering of IsraEl by families and lines of descent. [Record] the names of all the males 3 who are twenty years old and older… all that serve as the army of IsraEl. You and Aaron must count them and calculate their strength. 4 And the rulers of each of the tribes (the paternal heads of the families) should accompany you as you do this.
16 These were the most famous men among the gathering. They were the heads of the tribes by their families, and each one was a leader of thousands in IsraEl. 17 So Moses and Aaron gathered these men who had been called by name. 18 Then they assembled the entire gathering that day and registered the [men] by tribes and family lines, recording the names and numbers of all who were twenty [years old] and older, 19 as the Lord had commanded Moses there in the desert of Sinai.
20 Among the families, divisions, and households of the sons of ReuBen (the first-born of IsraEl), the number of males twenty years old and up who were counted as the strength of IsraEl 21 was forty-six thousand, four hundred.
22 Among the families, divisions, and households of the sons of SymeOn, the number of males twenty years old and up who were counted as the strength of IsraEl 23 was fifty-nine thousand, three hundred.
24 Among the families, divisions, and households of the sons of Judah, the number of males twenty years old and up who were counted as the strength of IsraEl 25 was seventy-four thousand, six hundred.
26 Among the families, divisions, and households of the sons of IshSachar, the number of males twenty years old and up who were counted as the strength of IsraEl 27 was fifty-four thousand, four hundred.
28 Among the families, divisions, and households of the sons of ZebuLon, the number of males twenty years old and up who were counted as the strength of IsraEl 29 was fifty-seven thousand, four hundred.
30 Among the families, divisions, and households of the sons of JoSeph, the number of males twenty years old and up who were counted as the strength of IsraEl 31 was forty thousand, five hundred from the Tribe of Ephraim, 32, 33 and thirty-two thousand, two hundred for ManasSeh.
34 Among the families, divisions, and households of the sons of BenJamin, the number of males twenty years old and up who were counted as the strength of IsraEl 35 was thirty-five thousand, four hundred.
36 Among the families, divisions, and households of the sons of Gad, the number of males twenty years old and up who were counted as the strength of IsraEl 37 was forty-five thousand, six hundred and fifty.
38 Among the families, divisions, and households of the sons of Dan, the number of males twenty years old and up who were counted as the strength of IsraEl 39 was sixty-two thousand, seven hundred.
40 Among the families, divisions, and households of the sons of Asher, the number of males twenty years old and up who were counted as the strength of IsraEl 41 was forty-one thousand, five hundred.
42 Among the families, divisions, and households of the sons of NaphTali, the number of males twenty years old and up who were counted as the strength of IsraEl 43 was fifty-three thousand, four hundred.
44 This was the census that Moses, Aaron, and the twelve rulers of IsraEl conducted… a man from each tribe. 45 They counted all the males twenty years old and up among the children of IsraEl who could [serve in their army], 46 [and there was a total of] six hundred and three thousand, five hundred and fifty. 47 However, those of the Tribe of Levi weren’t counted, 48 for the Lord had told Moses: 49 ‘You must not gather the Tribe of Levi and count them among the children of IsraEl. 50 Rather, put the Levites in charge of the Tent, its furnishings, and everything in it. They must serve there and camp around the Tent. 51 And whenever the Tent is moved, the Levites must take it down and [be in charge of] setting it up again. Anyone else who goes near it must die.
52 ‘The [rest of] the children of IsraEl must camp in the order and grouping of their own armies. 53 But the Levites must camp around and in front of the Tent of Proofs, so there may be no sins among the children of IsraEl. For the Levites must protect the Tent of Proofs.’
1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron and said, 2 ‘Each man of the sons of IsraEl must pitch his tent according to the signals, in his own order, and according to the house of his father, in a circle around the Tent of Proofs.
3 ‘The first in the camp, starting on the east side, shall be the [Tribe] of Judah with their armies. Their leader is NaShon, the son of AmmiNadab. 4 There are seventy-four thousand, six hundred in his army.
5 ‘The Tribe of IshSachar, whose leader is NathanEl the son of Zuar, should camp next to them. 6 There are fifty-four thousand, four hundred in his army.
7 ‘The Tribe of ZebuLon, whose leader is EliAb the son of Helon, should camp next to them. 8 There are fifty-seven thousand, four hundred in his army.
9 ‘Altogether, there are one hundred and eighty-six thousand, four hundred under the army of Judah. They and their armies must be the first to move.
10 ‘This is the order for the camp of ReuBen, whose army [will camp] toward the south: The leader of the children of ReuBen is EliZur the son of ShedeUr. 11 There are forty-six thousand, five hundred in his army.
12 ‘The Tribe of SimeOn, whose leader is ShelumiEl the son of ZuriShadDai, should camp next to them. 13 There are fifty-nine thousand, three hundred in his army.
14 ‘The Tribe of Gad, whose leader is EliAsaph the son of DeuEl, will camp next to them. 15 There are forty-five thousand, six hundred and fifty in his army.
16 ‘Altogether, there are a hundred and fifty-one thousand, four hundred and fifty under the army of ReuBen. They and their armies will follow second.
17 ‘Then, the Tent of Proofs should follow them, surrounded by the Levites who will travel between the armies. In whatever order they camp, that’s the order that they should follow in their march, each group traveling in the order of their divisions.
18 ‘The Tribe of Ephraim and their armies must camp on the west side. Their leader is EliShama, the son of AmmiHud. 19 There are forty thousand, five hundred in his army.
20 ‘The Tribe of ManasSeh should camp next to them. Their leader is GamaliEl the son of PedahZur. 21 There are thirty-two thousand, two hundred in his army.
22 ‘The Tribe of BenJamin should camp next to them. Their leader is AbiDan the son of Gideoni. 23 There are thirty-five thousand, four hundred in his army.
24 ‘Altogether, there are one hundred eight thousand, one hundred in the army of Ephraim. They and their armies must follow third.
25 ‘The Tribe of Dan and their armies should camp on the north side. Their leader is AhiEzer the son of AmmiShadDai. 26 There are sixty-two thousand, seven hundred in his army.
27 ‘The Tribe of Asher should camp next to them. Their leader is PagiEl the son of OcRan. 28 There are forty-one thousand, five hundred in his army.
29 ‘The Tribe of NaphTali should camp next to them. Their leader is AhiRa the son of Enan. 30 There are fifty-three thousand, four hundred in his army.
31 ‘Altogether, there are a hundred and fifty-seven thousand, six hundred in the armies of Dan, and they must be last in the marching order.’
32 This is how the children of IsraEl were counted (by family lines), and there were six hundred and three thousand, five hundred and fifty in their army. 33 However, the Levites weren’t counted among them, just as the Lord instructed Moses.
34 And the children of IsraEl did everything that Jehovah told Moses. They each camped in their [specified] locations, and they marched in order by family lines.
1 These are the generations of Aaron and Moses in the day in that the Lord spoke to Moses on Mount Sinai.
Nadab was the firstborn, and then there was AbiUd, EliEzer, and IthaMar. 3 They were the Anointed Priests who were made perfect for the Priesthood. 4 However, Nadab and AbiUd died before Jehovah when they offered [incense] to Him in an unauthorized way, while they were in the Sinai Desert. And because they had no children, just EliEzer and IthaMar served as Priests with their father Aaron.
5 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and told him: 6 ‘Bring the Tribe of Levi up in front of Aaron the Priest, for they’re all going to serve him 7 and they must follow his instructions. You must explain this to the children of IsraEl in front of the Tent of Proofs, and show how [the Levites] will thereafter perform their duties at the Tent.
8 ‘[The Levites] are to take care of all the furnishings of the Tent of Proofs and they must teach the children of IsraEl about everything that has to do with the Tent.
9 ‘You are to give the Levites to Aaron and his sons (the Priests); for they’ve been given to Me as a gift from the children of IsraEl.
10 ‘Appoint Aaron and his sons to be in charge of the Tent of Proofs, and they must give [the Levites] instructions about the Priesthood, everything that belongs to the Altar, and everything inside the veil… anyone else who touches these things must die.’
11 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said: 12 ‘Look, I have chosen the Levites from among the children of IsraEl [to take the place] of [the rest of] the [firstborn] males that are among the children of IsraEl. [The Levites] are their ransom, and they are Mine. 13 For all their firstborn have been Mine since the day that I struck all the firstborn in the land of Egypt. I chose all the firstborn in IsraEl as holy to Myself – both the men and the animals – and they are Mine! For I am Jehovah!’
14 Then the Lord spoke to Moses in the Sinai Desert and said: 15 ‘Take a census of the sons of Levi by family lines and divisions… count every male from a month old and up.’
21 Gedson’s [sons] were LoBeni and Semei, 22 and the number of males descending from them who were a month old and older was seven thousand, five hundred… 23 the sons of Gedson were to camp behind the Tent on its west side. 24 The ruler of the family of Gedson was EliSaph the son of DaEl. 25 The instructions that were given to the sons of Gedson concerning the Tent of Proofs included taking care of the tent itself, the veil that covers the entrance to the Tent of Proofs, 26 the curtains for the courtyard, the veil to the courtyard that was around the Tent, and such things.
27 The divisions that were counted [in the family line] of CaAth were those of AmBram, IsSaAr, Hebron, and OziEl, 28 and they included eight thousand, six hundred males a month old and older, who were given these instructions regarding the holy things: 29 The families of the sons of CaAth were to camp next to the Tent, along its south side. 30 The ruler of the family line and divisions of CaAth was EliShaphan the son of OziEl. 31 They were told that they were to be in charge of the Chest, the Table, the Sacred Lamp, the Altars, and all the furnishings in the Holy Place that were used in holy service inside the veil, and all their parts.
32 The head over the chiefs of the Levites was EliEzer the son of Aaron the Priest. He was appointed to give all the instructions regarding the holy things.
33 The family lines of MeraRi were those of MoOli and Musi. 34 All the males a month old and older among his line were counted at six thousand and fifty. 35 The head of the family line and divisions of MeraRi was SuriEl the son of AbiChail. They were to camp next to the Tent, along its north side. 36 The sons of MeraRi were told that they were to be in charge of the Tent’s caps, rafters, posts, sockets, all their fittings and pieces, 37 the posts for the courtyard, and their bases, pins, and ropes.
38 Moses, Aaron, and their sons were to camp in front of the Tent of Proofs on its east side. They were to take care of the Holy Place and give instructions about it to the children of IsraEl. Anyone else who touched it was to die.
39 All the Levites whom Moses and Aaron counted that were a month old and older (by family lines) following Jehovah’s instructions, were twenty-two thousand.
40 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, ‘Now, count all the firstborn males among the children of IsraEl who are a month old and older, and record their names. 41 Thereafter, take the Levites for Me in place of all the firstborn of the sons of IsraEl. Also, take all the Levites’ cattle in place of the first-born of the cattle of the children of IsraEl… for I am Jehovah!’
42 So Moses counted all the firstborn of the children of IsraEl, just as the Lord had commanded him to do. 43 And all the male firstborn a month old and older that were counted by name were twenty-two thousand, two hundred and seventy-three.
44 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, 45 ‘Now, take the Levites in place of all the first-born of the sons of IsraEl, and take the Levite’s cattle in place of their cattle; for they must be Mine… I am Jehovah! 46 And the ransom [that must be paid] for all the firstborn of the sons of IsraEl that exceed the number of Levites (the two hundred and seventy-three), 47 [must be paid for] with five silver-coins per person. They must be paid for using the holy double-silver coins at twenty copper coins per silver coin. 48 Then give the money to Aaron and his sons as the ransom for those who exceed their number.’
49 So Moses took the silver as the ransom for those that exceeded the number who were bought by the Levites. 50 The amount of holy silver coins that he took from the firstborn of the sons of IsraEl was one thousand, three hundred and sixty-five. 51 Then Moses gave the ransom for these extra ones to Aaron and his sons, according to the instructions that the Lord had given to Moses.
1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron and said: 2 ‘Take a census of the children of CaAth separate from the sons of Levi, by family lines. 3 Count those from twenty-five to fifty years old who work at and serve inside the Tent of Proofs. 4 For these are the very holy things that the sons of CaAth must do at the Tent of Proofs: 5 Whenever the camp is about to move, Aaron and his sons must enter and take down the [inner] veil, then use it to cover the Chest of Proofs. 6 It must be covered with a blue skin and a blue [cloth] over that, and then they must put the staves through [the rings on the Chest].
7 ‘They must also put a purple cloth over the table that holds the showbread, along with its dishes, incense holders, cups, pitchers for drink offerings, and the loaves (which must always be left on the table). 8 Then they must cover it with a scarlet cloth and cover that with a blue skin, and mount [the table] on its staves.
9 ‘They must cover the Sacred Lamp that provides the light, along with its lanterns, snuffers, funnels, and all the oil jars, with a blue cloth, 10 and put it and all its utensils inside a blue skin bag, and mount it on its staves. 11 Also, the gold [incense] altar must be wrapped in blue cloth, then covered with blue skins and mounted on its staves.
12 ‘Thereafter, they must take all the rest of the things that are used in the services at the Holy Place and put them in a blue cloth [bag], then cover them with blue skins and mount them on staves.
13 ‘They must cover the Altar with purple cloth, 14 along with all the utensils that are used with it (the fire pans, flesh-hooks, cups, covers, and all the utensils), wrap it all in a blue covering of skins and mount it all on the staves.
‘They must also cover the basin and its base with blue cloth, then wrap it in blue skins and mount it on staves.
15 ‘Aaron and his sons must finish covering the holy things and all the holy utensils before the camp can move. Thereafter, the sons of CaAth must bear all [the Tent’s] furnishings… but they must not [actually] touch the holy things, or they will die. These [are the things] that just the sons of CaAth are to carry from the Tent of Proofs.
16 ‘EliEzer, the son of Aaron (the Priest), is to be their overseer. He is to give instructions concerning the oil for the lamp, the incense, the daily food offerings, and the anointing oil. He is to be in charge of the whole Tent, everything that’s in it, and everything that’s done there.’
17 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron and said: 18 ‘You must protect the family of CaAth (this tribe among the Levites) from being destroyed, 19 and this is what you must do for them so they can live and not die: Whenever they approach the Holy of Holies, Aaron and his sons must take the lead. They are the ones who must mount the [sacred items] to be carried on the staves. 20 That way, [the family of CaAth] won’t [be tempted to] rush in to look at the holy things and die.
21 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said: 22 ‘Now, take a census of the children of Gedson by family lines. 23 Count all those between the ages of twenty-five and fifty years old who go in to serve and work in the Tent of Proofs, 24 because the public service of the family of Gedson is that of serving and carrying. 25 They must carry and attend to the skins for the Tent, the Tent of Proofs itself, its veil, the blue covering that goes over its top, the cover for the entrance to the Tent of Proofs, 26 all the curtains for the courtyard, the mountings, and all the other utensils of service.
27 The sons of Gedson must take their direction from Aaron and his sons in everything that they do in their assignments and jobs. You must count them by names and [show them] all the things that they must carry… 28 this is the job of the sons of Gedson in the Tent of Proofs… and IthaMar, the son of Aaron the Priest, is to give them their instructions.
29 ‘Also, take a census of the sons of MeraRi by family lines. 30 Count all those between the ages of twenty-five and fifty years old who enter to serve and work inside the Tent of Proofs. 31 These are the things you are to tell them about and what they must carry as their job at the Tent of Proofs: They must carry the Tent’s caps, rafters, poles, and sockets, as well as the sockets and poles for the veil and the curtain at the entrance to the Tent. 32 They must also carry the poles for the surrounding courtyard and for the veil at the entrance to the courtyard, along with their sockets, pins, ropes, furnishings, and things for service.
‘Count them by name, and show what each man is to carry. 33 This is the assignment for the family of the sons of MeraRi… it is their job at the Tent of Proofs, under the direction of IthaMar, the son of Aaron the Priest.’
34 So Moses, Aaron, and the rulers of IsraEl took a census of the sons of CaAth by family lines, 35 [counting] all those between the ages of twenty-five and fifty years old who went in to serve and work in the Tent of Proofs. 36 And their number by family lines came to two thousand, seven hundred and fifty. 37 This is how many there were of the family of CaAth that served in the Tent of Proofs, as Moses and Aaron counted them, following Jehovah’s instructions to Moses.
38 Then they counted the sons of Gedson by family lines who were 39 between twenty-five and fifty years old that enter to serve at the Tent of Proofs. 40 And their number by family lines came to two thousand, six hundred and thirty. 41 This is how many there were of the family of Gedson that served in the Tent of Proofs, as Moses and Aaron counted them, following Jehovah’s instructions to Moses.
42 Then they counted the sons of MeraRi by family lines who were 43 between twenty-five and fifty years old that enter to serve inside the Tent of Proofs. 44 And their numbers by family lines came to three thousand, two hundred. 45 This is how many there were of the family of MeraRi, as Moses and Aaron counted them, following Jehovah’s instructions to Moses.
46 So Moses, Aaron, and the rulers of IsraEl counted all these Levites by family lines 47 who were between twenty-five and fifty years old, and who serve, work at, and carry the things for the Tent of Proofs. 48 Altogether, there were eight thousand, five hundred and eighty who were counted. 49 Then after they were counted (following the words of Jehovah through Moses), they appointed each man to his job, reviewing his duties and discussing what each man was to carry.
1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, 2 ‘Give these instructions to the children of IsraEl: Tell them to drive everyone out of the camp that has leprosy or gonorrhea, and anyone who has made himself unclean [by touching a dead] person, 3 whether they are males or females. Drive them out of the camp so they don’t dirty the place where I dwell among them.’
4 And that’s what the children of IsraEl did; they drove them out of the camp, just as the Lord told Moses.
5 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said: 6 ‘Speak to the children of IsraEl and tell them that any man or woman who has committed any of the sins that are common to mankind, or has in any way overstepped [My] Commandments and erred, 7 must confess the sin he committed and make restitution for his sin. He [must pay] the price to restore [everything] to whomever he has sinned against… and add a fifth more to it.
8 ‘Now, if a man isn’t in debt to anyone for his sins against them; a sin-offering must still be paid to Jehovah, and he must offer a ram to the Priest as the payment for his sins.
9 ‘When it comes to the first fruitage of all the holy things among the children of IsraEl; everything that they offer to Jehovah must be [given to] the Priest for himself… 10 all the holy things that men [offer] or choose to donate must be given to the Priest, and it will be his as a gift.’
11 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, 12 ‘Speak to the children of IsraEl and tell them: Whenever a wife rebels against [her husband] and tries to dominate and rule over him, 13 and then someone goes to bed with her and has sex with her behind her husband’s back; if she hides her filth and there is no proof of it (and [the other man] doesn’t take her), 14 and [her husband] thereafter develops a jealous spirit and suspects that she has dirtied herself – or even if he has developed a jealous spirit when she hasn’t dirtied herself – 15 he must bring his woman to the Priest, along with the gift of a quart of barley meal. He must not pour any oil or frankincense on the barley meal, for it is a sacrifice of jealousy… it is a sacrifice of memory and of recalling sins to mind.
16 ‘Then the Priest must take [the woman] to stand before Jehovah, 17 and the Priest must pour clean running water into a clay pot, then take some of the dirt that is on the floor of the Tent of Proofs and throw it into the water. 18 Thereafter, the Priest must stand the woman before Jehovah, uncover her head, and place the sacrifice of memory (the sacrifice of jealousy) into her hands.
‘Next, the Priest must take the water that brings a curse into his hands, 19 and the Priest must make the woman swear [in reply to the words], If you aren’t guilty and no one has reclined with you, and if you haven’t sinned and dirtied yourself, and if you haven’t [been respectful] to your husband; [then, swear that you are innocent] before this water that brings the curse. 20 But if you have sinned and dirtied your marriage, and [if you have allowed] someone to lie with you other than your husband… 21 then the Priest must make the woman swear [to accept] the oaths of this curse.
‘The Priest must say to her: May Jehovah bring a curse upon you by the oath [you have sworn] in the midst of your people. May Jehovah cause your [sexual parts] to rot away and your belly to swell. 22 May this water that brings the curse enter your womb and cause your belly to swell and your [sexual parts] to rot away.
23 ‘Thereafter, the Priest must write these curses on a scroll, then rinse them away with the water that brings the curse; 24 and he must make the woman drink the water that brings the curse.
25 ‘Next, the Priest must take the sacrifice of jealousy from the woman’s hands and carry it to the Altar to present it before Jehovah. 26 Then the Priest must take a handful of the sacrificial [grain] and offer it on the Altar as a reminder, and he must make the woman drink the water. 27 For this is what will happen: If she has dirtied herself and her husband hasn’t been able to [prove] it; the water that brings the curse will enter her and cause her belly to swell and her [sexual parts] to rot away; and thereafter, the woman must be cursed among her people. 28 But if the woman hasn’t dirtied herself and has remained chaste; she must be declared free of guilt and thereafter give birth to a [child].
29 ‘This is the law of jealousy [that covers the cases of where] a married woman sins and dirties herself, 30 or where a man develops a jealous spirit and becomes jealous of his woman. He should take his woman before Jehovah, and the Priest must make her follow this law. 31 And whereas the man will be cleared from his sin, the woman must be responsible for hers.
1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said: 2 ‘Speak to the children of IsraEl and tell them that whenever a man or woman wishes to make a great vow to set him or herself aside as holy to Jehovah, 3 he/she may not eat or drink anything made from grapes, such as wine, brandy, fresh grapes, raisins, or vinegar that is made from wine or other alcoholic products 4 during the period of his/her vow. Nor may he or she eat anything that comes from the vine, not even the seeds or skins 5 during the whole period that he or she is set aside. Nor may a razor be used to cut the person’s hair until the period of the vow to Jehovah has been completed. For such ones must be holy and cherish the long hair of their heads 6 for as long as this vow to Jehovah lasts, and they must not go near any dead bodies… 7 not even [the corpse] of their own father, mother, brother, or sister. They must not dirty themselves with dead bodies, because the vow of God is on them and on their heads; 8 so they must remain holy to Jehovah during the entire period of their vow.
9 ‘And if anyone should suddenly die near this person, his or her head will immediately be considered unclean and it must be cleansed. The person must shave his or her head on the seventh day, 10 then bring two turtledoves or two young pigeons to the Priest at the entrance to the Tent of meeting on the eighth day. 11 The Priest must offer one as a sin offering and the other as a whole-burnt offering to pay for the sin [of being close to] a dead body. Then the person’s head will [once again] become holy on that day, 12 and he or she will [again] be made perfect to Jehovah during the rest of [the period of] the vow. And thereafter, the person must bring a yearling lamb as an offering for the error; and because the vow on his/her head was polluted, the full period of [the vow] must be [restarted].
13 ‘It is also the law for the person who has made such a vow, that on the day the vow is completed, he or she must bring gifts to the entrance of the Tent of Proofs. 14 The gifts that they must bring to Jehovah include one perfect yearling male lamb as a whole-burnt offering, one perfect yearling female lamb as a sin offering, one perfect male sheep as a peace offering, 15 a basket of fermentation-free bread made with fine flour kneaded with oil, fermentation-free cakes that have been anointed with oil, plus a food offering and a drink offering.
16 ‘The Priest must then lead the person before Jehovah and [sacrifice] the sin offering and the whole-burnt offering. 17 Then he must sacrifice the male sheep as a peace offering to Jehovah, along with the basket of fermentation-free bread, followed by the food offering and the drink offering. 18 Then the one who made the vow must shave his/her head that was made holy, there at the entrance to the Tent of Proofs and put the hair on the fire while it is burning the peace-offering sacrifice.
19 ‘Then after the person has shaved off his/her holy hair, the Priest must take the larger of the ram’s two shoulders, along with one fermentation-free loaf and one fermentation-free cake from the basket and lay them in the person’s hands. 20 The Priest must then present them as an offering before Jehovah, and this holy portion will belong to the Priest, along with the breast and the shoulder of the wave offering. And after that, the person who made the oath must drink some wine.
21 ‘This is the law for any person who makes a vow to Jehovah: [He must give all] his gifts that were promised to Jehovah, along with anything else that he may be able to afford, [in addition to] the things that are [required by] the strong vow of setting himself aside as holy.’
22 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, 23 ‘Speak to Aaron and to his sons and tell them to bless the sons of IsraEl who bear My Name with these words: 24 May Jehovah bless you and watch over you. 25 May Jehovah’s face shine upon you, and may He have mercy on you. 26 May [Jehovah always keep His eyes] on you and bring you peace.’
1 Well, the day came when Moses had finished setting up the Tent. Then he anointed it and made it and all its furnishings, as well as the Altar and all of its furnishings, holy… he made them perfect by anointing them.
2 Then the leaders of IsraEl (the twelve heads of their family lines and leaders of their tribes… those who took the lead in the census) 3 brought their gifts before Jehovah. There were six covered wagons pulled by twelve bulls (two per [wagon]) that were contributed by the leaders, which they brought to the Tent.
4 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said: 5 ‘Take [these things] and use them for the services of the two cherubs that are on top of the Propitiatory that covers the Chest of Proofs, and give the [wagons] to the Levites… [distribute] them among the groups by their assigned jobs.’
6 So Moses took the wagons and bulls, and gave them to the Levites. 7 He gave two wagons and four bulls to the sons of Gedson for their jobs, 8 and four wagons and eight bulls to the sons of MeraRi for their assignments under IthaMar, the son of Aaron the Priest. 9 However, he didn’t give any to the sons of CaAth, because the sacred things that they had to carry were to be borne on their shoulders. 10 [IsraEl’s] leaders brought these things to the Altar for the dedication of the Altar on the day that it was anointed.
11 Then the Lord told Moses: ‘One leader must also bring a gift on each day for the dedication of the Altar.’
12 So on the first day, NaAsson (the son of AmiNadab), the leader of the Tribe of Judah, 13 brought his gift. [It included] one silver platter that weighed the same as a hundred and thirty holy silver coins, and a silver bowl that weighed the same as seventy holy silver coins. Both were filled with fine flour that was kneaded with oil for a food offering. 14 [There was also] a gold incense holder filled with ten silver coins worth of incense, 15 as well as one calf from the herd, one ram, and one yearling male lamb (for a whole-burnt offering), 16 one kid goat (for a sin offering), 17 and two heifers, five rams, five billy goats, and five yearling female lambs for a peace-offering sacrifice. These were the gifts of NaAsson, the son of AmiNadab.
18 On the second day, NathaniEl (the son of Sogar), the leader of the Tribe of IshSachar, brought 19 his gift. [It included] one silver platter that weighed the same as a hundred and thirty holy silver coins, and a silver bowl that weighed the same as seventy holy silver coins. Both were filled with fine flour that was kneaded with oil for a food offering. 20 [There was also] a gold incense holder filled with ten silver coins worth of incense, 21 as well as one calf from the herd, one ram, and one yearling male lamb (for a whole-burnt offering), 22 one kid goat (for a sin offering), 23 and two heifers, five rams, five billy goats, and five yearling female lambs for a peace-offering sacrifice. These were the gifts of NathaniEl, the son of Sogar.
24 On the third day, EliAb (the son of ChaElon), the leader of the Tribe of ZebuLon, brought 25 his gift. [It included] one silver platter that weighed the same as a hundred and thirty holy silver coins, and a silver bowl that weighed the same as seventy holy silver coins. Both were filled with fine flour that was kneaded with oil for a food offering. 26 [There was also] a gold incense holder filled with ten silver coins worth of incense, 27 as well as one calf from the herd, one ram, and one yearling male lamb (for a whole-burnt offering), 28 one kid goat (for a sin offering), 29 and two heifers, five rams, five billy goats, and five yearling female lambs for a peace-offering sacrifice. These were the gifts of EliAb, the son of ChaElon.
30 On the fourth day, EliSur (the son of SediUr), the leader of the Tribe of ReuBen, brought 31 his gift. [It included] one silver platter that weighed the same as a hundred and thirty holy silver coins, and a silver bowl that weighed the same as seventy holy silver coins. Both were filled with fine flour that was kneaded with oil for a food offering. 32 [There was also] a gold incense holder filled with ten silver coins worth of incense, 33 as well as one calf from the herd, one ram, and one yearling male lamb (for a whole-burnt offering), 34 one kid goat (for a sin offering), 35 and two heifers, five rams, five billy goats, and five yearling female lambs for a peace-offering sacrifice. These were the gifts of EliSur, the son of SediUr.
36 On the fifth day, SalamiEl (the son of SuriSadai) the leader of the Tribe of SymeOn, brought 37 his gift. [It included] one silver platter that weighed the same as a hundred and thirty holy silver coins, and a silver bowl that weighed the same as seventy holy silver coins. Both were filled with fine flour that was kneaded with oil for a food offering. 38 [There was also] a gold incense holder filled with ten silver coins worth of incense, 39 as well as one calf from the herd, one ram, and one yearling male lamb (for a whole-burnt offering), 40 one kid goat (for a sin offering), 41 and two heifers, five rams, five billy goats, and five yearling female lambs for a peace-offering sacrifice. These were the gifts of SalamiEl, the son of SuriSadai.
42 On the sixth day, EliSaph (the son of RaguEl), the leader of the Tribe of Gad, brought 43 his gift. [It included] one silver platter that weighed the same as a hundred and thirty silver coins, and a silver bowl that weighed the same as seventy holy silver coins. Both were filled with fine flour that was kneaded with oil for a food offering. 44 [There was also] a gold incense holder filled with ten silver coins worth of incense, 45 as well as one calf from the herd, one ram, and one yearling male lamb (for a whole-burnt offering), 46 one kid goat (for a sin offering), 47 and two heifers, five rams, five billy goats, and five yearling female lambs for a peace-offering sacrifice. These were the gifts of EliSaph, the son of RaguEl.
48 On the seventh day, EliSama (the son of EmiUd), the leader of the Tribe of Ephraim, 49 brought his gift. [It included] one silver platter that weighed the same as a hundred and thirty silver coins, and a silver bowl that weighed the same as seventy holy silver coins. Both were filled with fine flour that was kneaded with oil for a food offering. 50 [There was also] a gold incense holder filled with ten silver coins worth of incense, 51 as well as one calf from the herd, one ram, and one yearling male lamb (for a whole-burnt offering), 52 one kid goat (for a sin offering), 53 and two heifers, five rams, five billy goats, and five yearling female lambs for a peace-offering sacrifice. These were the gifts of EliSama, the son of EmiUd.
54 On the eighth day, GamaliEl (the son of PhadasShur), the leader of the Tribe of ManasSeh, 55 brought his gift. [It included] one silver platter that weighed the same as a hundred and thirty silver coins, and a silver bowl that weighed the same as seventy holy silver coins. Both were filled with fine flour that was kneaded with oil for a food offering. 56 [There was also] a gold incense holder filled with ten silver coins worth of incense, 57 as well as one calf from the herd, one ram, and one yearling male lamb (for a whole-burnt offering), 58 one kid goat (for a sin offering), 59 and two heifers, five rams, five billy goats, and five yearling female lambs for a peace-offering sacrifice. These were the gifts of GamaliEl, the son of PhadasShur.
60 On the ninth day, AbiDan (the son of GadeOni), the leader of the Tribe of BenJamin, 61 brought his gift. [It included] one silver platter that weighed the same as a hundred and thirty silver coins, and a silver bowl that weighed the same as seventy holy silver coins. Both were filled with fine flour that was kneaded with oil for a food offering. 62 [There was also] a gold incense holder filled with ten silver coins worth of incense, 63 as well as one calf from the herd, one ram, and one yearling male lamb (for a whole-burnt offering), 64 one kid goat (for a sin offering), 65 and two heifers, five rams, five billy goats, and five yearling female lambs for a peace-offering sacrifice. These were the gifts of AbiDan, the son of GadeOni.
66 On the tenth day, AchiEzer (the son of AmiSadai), the leader of the Tribe of Dan, 67 brought his gift. [It included] one silver platter that weighed the same as a hundred and thirty silver coins, and a silver bowl that weighed the same as seventy holy silver coins. Both were filled with fine flour that was kneaded with oil for a food offering. 68 [There was also] a gold incense holder filled with ten silver coins worth of incense, 69 as well as one calf from the herd, one ram, and one yearling male lamb (for a whole-burnt offering), 70 one kid goat (for a sin offering), 71 and two heifers, five rams, five billy goats, and five yearling female lambs for a peace-offering sacrifice. These were the gifts of AchiEzer, the son of AmiSadai.
72 On the eleventh day, PhageEl (the son of Echran), the leader of the Tribe of Asher, 73 brought his gift. [It included] one silver platter that weighed the same as a hundred and thirty silver coins, and a silver bowl that weighed the same as seventy holy silver coins. Both were filled with fine flour that was kneaded with oil for a food offering. 74 [There was also] a gold incense holder filled with ten silver coins worth of incense, 75 as well as one calf from the herd, one ram, and one yearling male lamb (for a whole-burnt offering), 76 one kid goat (for a sin offering), 77 and two heifers, five rams, five billy goats, and five yearling female lambs for a peace-offering sacrifice. These were the gifts of PhageEl, the son of Echran.
78 On the twelfth day, AchiRe (the son of AiNan), the leader of the Tribe of NaphTali, 79 brought his gift. [It included] one silver platter that weighed the same as a hundred and thirty silver coins, and a silver bowl that weighed the same as seventy holy silver coins. Both were filled with fine flour that was kneaded with oil for a food offering. 80 [There was also] a gold incense holder filled with ten silver coins worth of incense, 81 as well as one calf from the herd, one ram, and one yearling male lamb (for a whole-burnt offering), 82 one kid goat (for a sin offering), 83 and two heifers, five rams, five billy goats, and five yearling female lambs for a peace-offering sacrifice. These were the gifts of AchiRe, the son of AiNan.
84 These [were the gifts] that the leaders of the tribes of IsraEl brought during the time when the Altar was being anointed. There were twelve silver platters, twelve silver bowls, and twelve gold incense holders. 85 Each platter weighed the same as a hundred and thirty silver coins, and each bowl weighed the same as seventy holy silver coins. So altogether, their combined weight was two thousand, four hundred holy silver coins. 86 The twelve gold incense holders were each filled with incense, and the gold weighed the same as a hundred and twenty silver coins.
87 The number of cattle for the whole burnt offerings amounted to twelve calves, twelve rams, and twelve yearling male lambs, plus food offerings and drink offerings, and twelve kid goats for the sin offerings. 88 So the number of cattle that were sacrificed for the peace offering included twenty-four heifers, sixty rams, sixty yearling billy goats, and sixty perfect yearling female lambs, which were all offered for the dedication of the Altar.
Then after that, [Moses] made [Aaron] perfect by anointing him. 89 And from that point on, whenever Moses went into the Tent of Proofs to speak to God, he would hear the voice of the Lord speaking to him from between the two cherubs that were above the Propitiatory, which covers the Chest of Proofs.
1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said: 2 ‘Speak to Aaron and tell him that when he assembles the [sacred] lamp, the seven lanterns must be arranged to illuminate the area across from the lamp.’ 3 And that’s what Aaron did. He [assembled and] lit the lamps to illuminate the area directly across from the lamp, just as the Lord had instructed Moses.
4 The Sacred Lamp’s base and stem were made of solid gold, as were its lilies. They were made following the pattern that Jehovah had shown to Moses.
5 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, 6 ‘Remove the Levites from among the children of IsraEl and purify them… 7 and this is how you should perform their purification: Have them rinse themselves in clean water and shave all the hair from their bodies, then have them wash their clothes… make sure that they are clean! 8 Then they must bring two yearling calves from the herd along with a food offering and some fine flour mixed with oil. 9 And thereafter, assemble the entire gathering of the sons of IsraEl and bring the Levites up before them at the Tent of Proofs. 10 Stand them there in front of Jehovah, and have the sons of IsraEl lay their hands on the Levites.
11 ‘Aaron must set the Levites aside as a gift to Jehovah from the children of IsraEl, and they must be made ready to perform Jehovah’s work. 12 Then have the Levites lay their hands on the heads of the calves, and you should sacrifice one as a sin offering and the other as a whole-burnt offering to Jehovah, to pay for their sins.
13 ‘Thereafter, stand the Levites in front of Jehovah and in front of Aaron and his sons, and offer them to Jehovah as a gift… 14 separate the Levites from among the sons of IsraEl as Mine!
15 ‘Then the Levites must go to the Tent where they are to work, and you must purify them and present them there before Jehovah, 16 for they will have been given to Me as a gift from the children of IsraEl. I have taken them as Mine in place of all the firstborn sons of IsraEl that open a womb. 17 For all the firstborn among the children of IsraEl (both the men and the animals) became Mine on the day that I struck all the firstborn in the land of Egypt… yes, that’s when I made them holy to Myself. 18 But now I am taking the Levites instead of the first-born of the children of IsraEl, 19 and I am presenting them as a gift to Aaron and his sons to serve the children of IsraEl at the Tent. There they must make the payments for the sins of the children of IsraEl, so none of the sons of IsraEl will have to approach the holy things.’
20 Well, Moses, Aaron, and the entire gathering of the children of IsraEl did everything that the Lord had commanded Moses concerning the Levites. 21 The Levites purified themselves and washed their clothes. Then Aaron presented them as a gift before Jehovah, and [he sacrificed] the payments for their sins in order to purify them. 22 Thereafter, the Levites entered the Tent to serve before Aaron and his sons, just as the Lord had instructed Moses.
23 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, 24 ‘This is the rule for the Levites: Those who are twenty-five years old and older must enter to serve at the Tent of Proofs. 25 But when they reach fifty years old, they may no longer serve or work there. 26 They may supervise their brothers who serve at the Tent of Proofs, but they may not work there anymore. Give the Levites these instructions.’
1 It was in the first month of the second year after they had left the land of Egypt that the Lord spoke to Moses there in the Sinai Desert, and He said: 2 ‘Tell the children of IsraEl to keep the Passover at the proper time. 3 You must keep it and obey all the laws and instructions concerning it, starting on the evening of the fourteenth day of the first month.’
4 So Moses ordered the children of IsraEl to sacrifice the Passover 5 on the fourteenth day of the first month, there in the Sinai Desert. And the children of IsraEl did just as the Lord told Moses.
6 However, there were some men who were unclean due to [touching] a dead body, and they were unable to keep the Passover on that day. So they went before Moses and Aaron 7 and said, ‘We are unclean, because we touched the dead body of a man. Will we not to be allowed to offer our gifts to Jehovah at this time along with the rest of the children of IsraEl?’
8 Then Moses told them: ‘Stay here, and I will listen to whatever instructions Jehovah gives to me about this.’
9 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said: 10 ‘Tell the sons of IsraEl that whenever a man among you or your descendants has become unclean because of touching a dead body, or is far away on a journey, he must still keep the Passover to Jehovah… 11 but he must do it on the evening of the fourteenth day of the second month. [The Passover sacrifice] must be offered then and eaten with fermentation-free bread and bitter herbs. 12 They must not leave any of it over until the next day, nor may they break any of its bones. They must offer the sacrifice just as they would on the Passover. 13 But if anyone is clean and is not away on a trip, he must be sure to [do this on] the Passover day. Any person who doesn’t offer the gift to Jehovah at the proper time is guilty and must be cut off from his people!
14 ‘And if an alien should come into your land and wish to observe the Passover to Jehovah, he must do so according to the laws and instructions concerning the Passover. For there is just one law, and it applies to both the natives and the aliens.’
15 Well, from the time that the Tent was [first] assembled, a cloud covered the Tent of Proofs all day long, and what looked like fire covered the Tent from evening until morning. 16 And that’s how it always was… a cloud cover by day and the appearance of fire by night. 17 Also, whenever the cloud left the Tent, the children of IsraEl were to leave that place; and whenever the cloud just stayed there, the children of IsraEl were to remain encamped. 18 So the children of IsraEl camped by the commands of Jehovah and they moved by the commands of Jehovah… as long as the cloud covered the Tent, the children of IsraEl were to camp. 19 And even if the cloud stayed over the Tent for a long time, the children of IsraEl were to follow God’s instructions and not move. 20 For whenever the cloud covered the Tent for a number of days, they were to camp, following the words of Jehovah, and they were to stay camped there by the commands of the Lord. 21 But whenever the cloud moved up from over the Tent, they were to move, whether it was day or night. 22 If the cloud covered the Tent for a full month, the children of IsraEl had to camp and were not to leave; 23 for they were only to move by the commands of the Lord… and this is what they did. They followed the instructions and commands that the Lord gave them through Moses.
1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said: 2 ‘Make two silver trumpets for yourselves that are to be used to call assemblies and to move the camp. Make them of hammered [silver]. 3 There is to be one type of call to assemble the whole gathering at the entrance to the Tent of Proofs, 4 and another type to assemble just the rulers and leaders there. 5 You must [also use them to] sound the alarms for the camp to move, starting with the one in the east. 6 Then when you sound a second alarm, the camp to the south must move. When you sound the third alarm, the camp in the west must move. When you sound the fourth alarm, the camp in the north must move… and they must also sound alarms as they are leaving.
7 ‘Also blow the horns to signal assemblies… but it shouldn’t be the same signal as the the alarms. 8 The Priests (the sons of Aaron) must blow these trumpets, and this is to be the rule for you through all your generations and through the ages.
9 ‘And if you must go to war against your enemies that will oppose to you in your land, you must also blow the trumpets as a reminder to Jehovah… so that He will save you from your enemies.
10 ‘In addition, you must blow the trumpets on joyful days, such as your feasts, New-Moon festivals, and when you sacrifice your whole burnt offerings and peace offerings. 11 This must be done as a reminder to you before your God… for I am Jehovah your God!’
12 Well thereafter, the children of IsraEl packed their things in the Sinai Desert, for the cloud came to rest in the Pharan Desert. 13 So, following the instructions of Jehovah through Moses, the first group started their march.
14 The first to leave were the children of Judah with their army, headed by NaAsson, the son of AmiNadab. 15 They [were followed by] the sons of IshSachar under NathaniEl, the son of Sogar. 16 Then came the army of the Tribe of the sons of ZebuLon under EliAb, the son of ChaElon.
17 Thereafter, the Tent was taken down and the sons of Gedson started out, followed by the sons of MeraRi, who carried the Tent.
18 Then came the camp of ReuBen and their army that was led by EliSur, the son of SediUr. 19 They were followed by the army of the Tribe of the sons of SymeOn under SalamiEl, the son of SuriSadai. 20 Next came the army of the children from the Tribe of Gad under EliShaph, the son of RaguEl.
21 Then the sons of CaAth came forward bearing the holy things, because the Tent was to be set up before they arrived.
22 Next, the camp of Ephraim set out with their army under EliSama, the son of SemiUd. 23 They were followed by the armies of the Tribe of the sons of ManasSeh under GamaliEl, the son of PhadasShur. 24 Then came the army of the Tribe of the children of BenJamin under AbiDan, the son of GadeOni. 25 Next in the order of the camp came the sons of Dan and their army under AchiEzer, the son of AmiSadai. 26 Then came the army of the Tribe of the sons of Asher under PhageEl, the son of Echran. 27 They were followed by the army of the Tribe of the sons of NaphTali under AchiRe, the son of AiNan.
29 Then Moses said to Jobab (the son of RaguEl the MidiAnite): ‘We are traveling to the place about which Jehovah said, I’m going to give this to you. So come with us, and we will treat you well, because Jehovah has promised good things for IsraEl.’
31 However, [Moses insisted], saying, ‘Don’t leave us, for you’ve been with us all through the desert, and you should be considered an elder among us. 32 If you go with us; when Jehovah does good things for us, we will do good things for you.’
33 Then they left the Mountain of Jehovah and traveled for three days. And the Chest of Jehovah’s Sacred Agreement was carried ahead of them for all three days, as a comfort to them all. 34 Also, the cloud hung over them during the day, starting from when they left the camp.
35 And when the Chest was brought forward, Moses said, ‘Arise, O Jehovah! Let Your enemies be scattered and may all who hate You flee in terror!’
36 Then when they reached its resting place, he said, ‘Turn [Your face] again, O Jehovah, to the thousands and tens of thousands in IsraEl!’
1 Well after that, the people started murmuring sinful things against Jehovah, and He heard them. This made Him very angry, and Jehovah sent a fire that started to burn among them, which consumed part of the camp. 2 So the people called for Moses; and after he prayed to Jehovah, the fire died out. 3 And thereafter, they called that place ‘The Burning,’ because that was where a fire from Jehovah had burned among them.
4 Then the [ethnics] who were mixed among them started [complaining]. They and some of the children of IsraEl sat down and started crying and saying, ‘Who is going to give us meat to eat? 5 We remember all the fish that we used to eat in Egypt, as well as the cucumbers, melons, leeks, garlic, and onions. 6 But now our lives have become [empty], because all we can see is this manna!’
7 Well, the manna looked like coriander seeds and it appeared [on the ground] like frost. 8 The people would go out to collect it, and then they would grind it in a mill or pound it in a mortar and bake it in a pan to make loaves from it. It tasted like sweet crackers that had been mixed with oil. 9 And during the night, when the dew was settling on the camp, the manna would just come down upon it.
10 Well, Moses heard them as they were sitting in front of their [tents] in family groups, crying. This made Jehovah very angry, and Moses also viewed these actions as evil. 11 So Moses asked Jehovah: ‘Why have You done this to your servant, and why haven’t I found favor in Your eyes, so that You should lay the burden of these people upon me? 12 Am I the one who carried and gave birth to all these people so that You should tell me to take them into my arms as a nursing mother would take her new-born baby, then carry them into the land that You promised to give to their fathers? 13 Where can I find enough meat to feed all these people? For, here they are crying before me and saying, Give us meat to eat. 14 I can’t carry all these people by myself… they’re just too heavy for me. 15 If You’re going to do this to me and if I’ve found Your favor, just kill me so I don’t have to [endure] this pain!’
16 Then the Lord told Moses: ‘Gather seventy men from among the elders of IsraEl to Me… [make sure that] they are the elders and scribes among the people. Then bring them to the Tent of Proofs and have them stand there with you. 17 For I will come down and speak with you there, then I will take [some] of [My] Breath that is on you and put it on them, so they will have to share the burden of the people with you, and then you won’t have to handle all it by yourself.
18 ‘And after that, go to the people and tell them this: ‘Now, purify yourselves, because tomorrow you’re going to eat meat. Yes, you who have bawled before Jehovah and asked, Who will give us meat and the other things that [we used to enjoy back in Egypt]? For Jehovah will provide meat, and then you will have to eat it! 19 You aren’t going to eat it for one day, or for two, five, ten, or twenty days, 20 you’re going to eat it for a full month… until it comes out of your noses! You’re going to be sick of it, because you disobeyed Jehovah who is here among you. You bawled before Him and asked, Why did we ever leave Egypt?’
21 Then Moses replied: ‘There are some six-hundred-thousand of just the soldiers among us, and are You telling me to give everyone enough meat to eat for a whole month? 22 Must we slaughter all of our sheep and cattle to feed them all… and would even that be enough? Or must we catch all the fish in the sea for them, and would that be enough?’
23 And the Lord said to Moses: ‘Isn’t the hand of Jehovah large enough? By now you should know whether My words will come true!’
24 So Moses went out and told the people what the Lord had said. Then he gathered seventy men from among the people’s elders and stood them around the Tent… 25 and the Lord came down in a cloud to speak to [Moses]. Thereafter, He took some of the Breath that was in Moses and put it into the seventy elders. And when [God’s] Breath came to rest upon them, they all started prophesying… but then they stopped.
26 However, two of the men were still back in the camp at the time; one was ElDad and the other was MoDad. They were part of the group that [Moses] had chosen, but they hadn’t made it to the Tent yet. Nevertheless, [God’s] Breath came to rest upon them also, and they started prophesying there in the camp. 27 So a young man ran and told Moses… he said, ‘ElDad and MoDad are prophesying in the camp!’
28 Well, JoShua (the son of NaWeh) who was Moses’ assistant and chosen successor, said, ‘Lord Moses; Make them stop!’
29 But Moses replied: ‘Are you jealous for me? I wish that Jehovah would put His Breath in all of His people and make them all Prophets!’
31 Then Jehovah blew His Breath, and [flocks of] quail were blown over the sea and into their camp… they covered the ground several feet deep for a day’s journey all around the camp. 32 So the people went out all that day, all that night, and all the next day to gather quail. Even those who gathered the least gathered hundreds. Then all around the camp, everyone [sat down to feast].
33 Well, they were still picking the meat that was stuck between their teeth when Jehovah showed them how angry He was with them, for He then struck them with a great plague. 34 And thereafter, that place was called The Graveyard of the Greedy, because it’s where they buried all the greedy people.
35 Then the people moved away from the Graveyard of the Greedy [and went to] AsherOth, where they [set up camp].
1 It was then that MiriAm and Aaron started condemning Moses because of the Ethiopian whom he had taken as his woman. 2 They asked, ‘Is Moses the only one to whom the Lord has spoken? Hasn’t He also spoken to us?’ And Jehovah heard them say this.
3 Now, Moses was the humblest man on the earth; 4 so the Lord immediately spoke to Moses, Aaron, and MiriAm, and said: ‘All three of you, come to the Tent of Proofs!’
5 So the three of them went to the Tent of Proofs, and the Lord descended in a column of clouds. He stood there at the entrance to the Tent of Proofs and called Aaron and MiriAm, and they stepped forward. 6 Then He said to them: ‘Listen to Me; If either of you are Prophets of Jehovah, I will make things known to you in visions and speak to you as you sleep. 7 However, this isn’t the way [that I speak] to My servant Moses who has so faithfully [served] in My House. 8 I’m not hidden to him, I appear and speak to him mouth to mouth… and he has even seen the glory of Jehovah! So, why aren’t you afraid to speak against My servant Moses?’
9 Well, Jehovah was very angry with them. Then as He left, 10 the cloud disappeared from the Tent… and {Look!} MiriAm had leprosy that was [as white] as snow!
Well when Aaron saw that MiriAm had leprosy, 11 he said to Moses: ‘I beg you my lord; don’t hold this sin against us, because we did this in ignorance! 12 Don’t allow her to be one of the [walking] dead like a miscarriage from her mother’s womb… and for half of her flesh to be eaten away.’
14 And the Lord replied to Moses: ‘If her father had just spit in her face, wouldn’t she have been shamed for seven days? Therefore, she may not enter the camp for seven days… only then may she return.’
15 So MiriAm was driven away from the camp for seven days, and the people didn’t break camp until after MiriAm had been cleansed.
1 Well after that, the people left AsherOth and camped in the Pharan Desert. 2 There the Lord spoke to Moses and said, ‘Send some men as spies into the land of the CanaAnites that I will be giving to the sons of IsraEl. Choose men who are leaders from each of the tribes and family lines.’
17 As Moses sent them to spy in the land of CanaAn, he told them this: ‘Travel through this desert, then climb the mountain and 18 peer into the land to see what it looks like. Watch the people who live there to [determine] whether they are strong or weak, many or few. 19 Then notice whether the land that they live on is good or bad, what cities are there, and whether or not they have walls. 20 Also, pay attention to the ground… see whether it is rich or poor, and if there are any trees. Then venture in and take some of the fruitage of the land.’
Well, it was springtime, and the grapes were ready to be harvested 21 as they went and surveyed all the land from the Sin Desert to RhoOb (on the road to AiMath). 22 They traveled through the desert and got as far as Hebron, where they found AchiMan, SesSi, and ThelAmi, the descendants of Enach. (Hebron had been built seven years before Tanis in Egypt).
23 Well, when they got to the valley where the grapes were growing; after surveying it, they cut down a cluster of grapes and carried it on staves. They also picked some pomegranates and figs. 24 Then they called that place, The Valley of the Cluster, because of the cluster of [grapes] that the children of IsraEl had cut down there.
25 Then after forty days, they returned from their survey of the land 26 and they went before Moses, Aaron, and the entire gathering of the children of IsraEl ([who were] in the desert at Pharan KaDesh at the time). Then they spoke to the whole gathering and showed them the fruit from the land, 27 giving this report: ‘We went into the land where you sent us and found a land that is indeed flowing with milk and honey. Here is some of the fruit from that place. 28 However, the nation that lives there is aggressive, and they have large, strong, walled cities.
‘We also saw the children of Enach there. 29 The Amalechites live in the land toward the south, while the Hittites, Evites, Jebusites, and Amorites live in the hill country, and the CanaAnites live between the Sea and the Jordan River.’
30 Then Caleb stopped them from speaking before Moses, and said: ‘We must surely go there and inherit [that land], because we can conquer them!’
31 But [the other] men disagreed and said, ‘We must not go there! There’s no way we can beat nations like that, for they’re much stronger than we are!’
32 Well, they really terrified the children of IsraEl when they said, ‘The land that we walked through and surveyed swallows up the people who live there. And all the people that we saw there were huge! 33 We saw giants who [were so large] that we looked like grasshoppers in comparison!’
1 Well at that, the whole gathering started wailing and crying, and this went on throughout the night. 2 Then all the children of IsraEl started grumbling against Moses and Aaron, for they came to them and said: 3 ‘We would rather have died in the land of Egypt than in this desert! Why is Jehovah bringing us to this land… just to be killed in war and to have our women and children serve as their prey? It would be better for us to return to Egypt!’
4 Then they started saying to each other: ‘Let’s appoint [someone else] as our ruler who will take us back to Egypt!’
5 So Moses and Aaron just fell to their faces before the entire gathering of the children of IsraEl. 6 But then JoShua (the son of NaWeh) and Caleb (the son of JePhonNe), who were among those that had spied in the land, started ripping their clothes, 7 and they said to the gathering of the children of IsraEl: ‘The land that we surveyed is really very good! 8 And if Jehovah has chosen us, won’t He take us into this land and give it to us… into this land that flows with milk and honey? 9 Don’t leave Jehovah, and don’t be afraid of the people in that land, because they’re just meat for us! Since Jehovah is with us, their time has ended! So, don’t be afraid!’ 10 But at that, all the people started throwing rocks at them.
[Then suddenly], the glory of Jehovah appeared in the cloud over the Tent of Proofs before all the children of IsraEl. 11 And the Lord said to Moses: ‘How much longer will these people continue to anger Me, and how much longer will they refuse to believe Me after all the signs that I’ve sent to them? 12 So now I’m going to strike them and kill them all! Yes, I’ll destroy them and then I’ll make a great nation of you and of your father’s house… one that will be much greater than this!’
13 However Moses replied: ‘But then the Egyptians would hear about this! Because You used Your power to bring these people out from among them, 14 and the people who live in that land have heard that You are our Lord, that You are with these people, that You, O Jehovah have been seen face to face, that Your cloud rests upon them, and You lead them each day in a column of clouds and by a column of fire all night long… 15 if You destroy this whole nation, then all the nations that have heard of Your Name will say, 16 Because Jehovah couldn’t bring His people into the land that He swore to give them, He [killed] them all in the desert!
17 ‘So, O Lord, show Your power to them instead… and may this thing that You’ve said prove to be true: 18 Jehovah is patient, merciful, and true. He removes mistakes, errors, and sins. He will never acquit the guilty, but He will bring the sins of the fathers upon their children for three or four generations. 19 Therefore, in Your great mercy, forgive these people for their sins and show them the same favor [that You’ve shown] them [since You led them out of] Egypt!’
20 Then the Lord replied to Moses: ‘I will be [patient] with them as you’ve requested. 21 For as I live and as My Name is living; the glory of Jehovah must fill the whole earth, 22 since everyone has seen My glory through all the signs that I gave in Egypt and in the desert. But this is the tenth time that [IsraEl] has tested Me and refused to listen to My voice. 23 Therefore, they will not see the land that I promised to their fathers. Rather, I will give it to their children who are with Me here… those who are inexperienced and don’t yet know good from bad. I’m going to give the land to them… but those who angered Me will never see it! 24 My servant Caleb [will see it], because he had a different spirit and he followed Me. I will bring him into the land that he traveled through, and his seed will inherit it. 25 But until then, the Amalechites and CanaAnites will [continue to] live in this valley. So tomorrow, [you must] turn around and return to the desert by way of the Red Sea.’
26 And thereafter, the Lord spoke to both Moses and Aaron and said: 27 ‘How much longer will this gathering remain wicked? I’ve heard the grumbling against Me coming from the children of IsraEl as well as all their complaints about you. 28 So tell them that Jehovah said this: As I live; Whatever I’ve heard you say is exactly what I’m going to do to you. 29 Your bodies will fall in this desert, and all those who were reviewed and counted from twenty years old and up – all who grumbled against Me – 30 will never enter the land that I stretched out My hand to give to you, except for Caleb (the son of JePhonNe), and JoShua (the son of NaWeh).
31 ‘Then I will bring your little ones (whom you’ve said would serve as prey) into the land, and they will inherit that which you’ve rejected, 32 while your bodies will fall in this desert. 33 So your sons must be fed in this desert for forty years, and they must carry the weight of your infidelity, as your bodies rot in the desert. 34 For each day that was spent spying in that land – forty days – you must bear your sins a day for a year – for forty years – and you will get to know My rage. 35 Now, I Jehovah have spoken, and that’s what I will do to this evil gathering that has raised itself against Me… you will be totally destroyed and die here in this desert!’
36 Then all the men who Moses sent to spy in the land and who then returned and grumbled before the group and said evil things about the land 37 were struck with a plague from Jehovah and they all died. 38 So, among the men who served as spies in the land, only JoShua (the son of NaWeh) and Caleb (the son of JePhonNe) survived.
39 Well after that, Moses explained all these things to the children of IsraEl, and the people became very depressed.
40 Then early the next morning, [the people] climbed to the top of a hill and said: ‘{Look!} We have sinned! So, those of us who are left must travel to the place where Jehovah told us to go!’
41 But Moses asked them: ‘Why didn’t you just obey the words of Jehovah and prosper? 42 However, now you can’t [enter the land], because Jehovah isn’t with you, and you will [be cut down] before your enemies. 43 The Amalechites and the CanaAnites who are standing there before you will cut you down with their swords, because you disobeyed Jehovah and turned aside. So the Lord will not be there among you!’
44 Well, they went up to the top of the mountain and tried to force their way [into the land] anyhow… but the Chest of Jehovah’s Sacred Agreement and Moses never left the camp. 45 As the result, the Amalechites and the CanaAnites that lived on the mountain attacked them, drove them away, and destroyed them all the way to [Mount] Herman; and they [had to] run back to their camp.
1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, 2 ‘Speak to the children of IsraEl and tell them this: When you enter the land that I will give to you (this place where you will live); 3 whenever you offer whole burnt offerings to Jehovah, or offerings to fulfill a vow, or free-will offerings, or feast sacrifices from the herd or flock as a sweet odor to Jehovah… 4 the person who offers the gift must also bring a food offering of a quart of flour mixed with oil, 5 and a quart [of wine] as a drink offering with each lamb that you sacrifice as a sweet odor to Jehovah.
6 ‘And when you offer a ram as a whole-burnt offering or sacrifice, you must also prepare a food offering of two quarts of fine flour mixed with oil, 7 and two quarts of wine as a drink offering, as a sweet odor to Jehovah.
8 ‘And if you offer a sacrifice from the herd as a whole-burnt offering, or a sacrifice to fulfill a vow or as a peace offering to Jehovah; 9 along with the calf, you must add a food offering of three quarts of fine flour mixed with oil, 10 and provide three quarts of wine as a drink offering, as a sweet odor to Jehovah.11 You must do this for each calf, ram, lamb, sheep, or kid goat that you offer. 12 You must do the same thing for each one, no matter how many you may offer. 13 All the natives in the country must do this whenever they offer sacrifices as a sweet odor to Jehovah… 14 whether the person is an alien in your land or someone who was born among you, they must offer [the same] sacrifices as a sweet odor to Jehovah. Yes, everyone among the gathering must offer sacrifices to Jehovah! 15 There must be just one law for you and for the aliens who live among you. It is a law through the ages and throughout your generations, that the aliens must act as you do before Jehovah. 16 Both you and the aliens that live among you must follow the same laws and regulations!’
17 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said, 18 ‘Speak to the sons of IsraEl and tell them this: When you enter the land where I am taking you 19 and you start eating bread from the land, you must set aside a special wave-offering to Jehovah from the first fruitage of your dough. 20 You must set aside and offer your bread as a wave offering in the same way that you offer grain 21 as the first fruitage of your dough… and you must give it to Jehovah as a wave offering throughout your generations.
22 ‘Now, if you fail to follow all these commandments that Jehovah has been giving to Moses, 23 and which Moses has been telling you about since the day that Jehovah selected you (and on through your generations), 24 and if you commit an error or mistake without the knowledge of the gathering; the whole gathering must offer a perfect calf from the herd as a whole-burnt offering and as a sweet odor to Jehovah, along with food and drink offerings (according to the rules), and one kid goat as a sin offering. 25 Then the Priest must make payment for the sins of the entire gathering of the children of IsraEl, and then they will be forgiven, because it was a mistake… and because they brought their gift as a burnt-offering to Jehovah for their error and involuntary sin. 26 If it is a mistake, everyone must be forgiven, whether they are from the children of IsraEl or from the aliens that are living among you.
27 ‘So whenever a person sins by mistake, he must bring a yearling nanny goat as a sin offering. 28 Then the Priest must [sacrifice it] to pay for the sin that was committed in error. 29 This same law applies to the natives of the children of IsraEl and to the aliens who are living among them… to anyone that unwittingly commits an error .
30 ‘And whenever any person – a native or an alien – does anything so presumptuous as to anger God, he must be cut off from among his people. 31 For when he disregards the Word of Jehovah and breaks His Laws, that person must be found guilty of sin and destroyed.’
32 Well, it was while the children of IsraEl were still in the desert that they found a man gathering sticks on the Sabbath. 33 And those who found him doing this brought him before Moses, Aaron, and the entire gathering of the children of IsraEl. 34 Then he was placed in custody, because they didn’t know what to do with him. 35 But thereafter, the Lord spoke to Moses and said: ‘The man must absolutely be put to death by the entire gathering… stone him with rocks!’
36 So the entire gathering dragged him outside of the camp and stoned him with rocks, just as Jehovah had commanded Moses.
37 Thereafter, the Lord spoke to Moses and said: 38 ‘Speak to the children of IsraEl and tell them that they must wear fringes on the bottoms of their clothing throughout all their generations. These fringes are to be made of blue lace. 39 Then, whenever they look at these fringes, they must think of all the Commandments of Jehovah and remember to obey them, instead of turning back and following the immoral things of their imaginations. 40 They must remember to obey all My Commandments, and to be holy before Me; 41 for I am Jehovah, the God who brought them out of the land of Egypt to be their God… I am Jehovah, your God!’
1 But then KorAh (the son of IsaAr, of CaAth, of Levi), Dathan and AbiRam (the sons of EliAb), and Aun (the son of Phaleth of ReuBen) started speaking 2 rebelliously against Moses, along with two hundred and fifty men from the sons of IsraEl who were chiefs of the assembly, chosen advisors, and men of fame. 3 They went up to Moses and Aaron and said: ‘That’s enough of you! Since the whole gathering of IsraEl is holy, and Jehovah is among them; why have you elevated yourselves over the gathering of Jehovah?’
4 Well when Moses heard this, he fell to his face. 5 Then he spoke to KorAh and his group and said: ‘God has visited us, and He knows who are His, who are holy, who are set aside to Him, who He has chosen, and who He has purchased for Himself. 6 So, we will allow Jehovah choose [the ones that He finds] to be holy. KorAh and his entire group should take their incense holders 7 and put fire and incense in them, then go and stand before Jehovah tomorrow. May this settle the matter for you, you sons of Levi!’
8 Then Moses [turned and] addressed KorAh, saying: ‘Listen to me, you sons of Levi. 9 Is it so unimportant to you that the God of IsraEl has separated you from the rest of the gathering of IsraEl and brought you close to Him to serve His people at His Tent 10 that you and all your brothers (the sons of Levi) also want to become the Priests? 11 [Understand that] you and your group have now gathered in opposition to God! For, who is Aaron that you should be complaining against him?’
12 Then later, Moses sent for Dathan and AbiRam (the sons of EliAb), and they told him that they wouldn’t be coming. 13 They asked, ‘Doesn’t it matter to you that after you brought us to a land flowing with milk and honey, you chose to just kill us here in this desert? And now you even want to rule over us! 14 If you’re really our leader; why don’t you just go ahead and carry us into the land that flows with milk and honey and give us our inheritance of land and our vineyards. For, couldn’t you just blind the eyes of the men [in that land]? No, we aren’t coming!’
15 Well, this upset Moses, and he said to Jehovah: ‘Please don’t accept their sacrifices, because I haven’t taken anything that they desire from them, nor have I harmed any of them.’
16 Then Moses told KorAh: ‘You must be sure that your whole group is holy, and then you must get them ready to stand before Jehovah along with Aaron tomorrow. 17 Each man must bring his incense holder and put incense in it, then carry it up before Jehovah… all two hundred and fifty of you. And of course, you and Aaron must also bring your incense holders.’
18 So, each man brought his incense holder and they put fire and incense in them; then they stood themselves next to Moses and Aaron at the entrance to the Tent of Proofs, 19 and KorAh and his group just stood there defiantly, as the glory of the Lord appeared before the whole gathering.
20 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron and said: 21 ‘Move away from the whole gathering [of IsraEl], for I’m going to consume them all!’
22 But [Moses and Aaron] fell to their faces, and begged: ‘Oh God… the God of all that breathes and all that is flesh; If just one man has sinned, must You bring Your rage against the whole gathering?’
23 And the Lord spoke to Moses and said: 24 ‘Then tell the gathering that they must move away from KorAh and his group!’
25 So Moses got up and walked over to Dathan and AbiRam (and all the elders of IsraEl went with him). 26 Then he spoke to the gathering and said: ‘Now, get away from the tents of these stubborn men and don’t touch anything that belongs to them, or you’ll be consumed along with them for their sins!’
27 So everyone moved away from their tents, as KorAh, Dathan, and AbiRam went over and stood at the entrances to their tents, along with their women, their children, and all their belongings. 28 Then Moses said: ‘Now you will know that when Jehovah sent me to do these things, I wasn’t doing it on my own. 29 For if these men just die a natural death, and if what happens to them is the same as what happens to all men, then Jehovah hasn’t sent me. 30 But if the Lord brings a miracle and the ground opens its mouth and swallows them, their households, their tents, and everything that belongs to them, and they go down into their graves alive; you must know that these men have angered Jehovah!’
31 And just as he finished saying those words, the ground rumbled underneath them. 32 Then the ground opened and swallowed them, their households, all the men that were with KorAh, and all their cattle… 33 they and all that they had went down into their graves alive, as the ground covered them over. So they perished there in the midst of the gathering.
34 Well at that, all the IsraElites who were standing nearby fled from the noise, shouting: ‘[Run], so the earth doesn’t swallow us also!’
35 Then fire came from Jehovah, which consumed the two hundred and fifty men who were offering the incense.
36 And thereafter, the Lord said to Moses: 37 ‘Now, tell EliEzer (the son of Aaron the Priest) to pick up the bronze incense holders from where those men were burned and then melt them all down, for these things are holy, 38 [and they must now serve as a sign against] those sinners and against their lives. Beat [the metal] into plates to cover the Altar; for since these [censors] were brought before Jehovah as holy, they must be used as a sign to the children of IsraEl!’
39 So EliEzer (the son of Aaron, the Priest) took the bronze incense holders that the men who were burned carried, and he had them shaped into a covering for the Altar 40 as a reminder to the children of IsraEl that no one other than the seed of Aaron might approach to offer the incense before Jehovah, so that what happened to KorAh and those who conspired with him wouldn’t happen to them. [And he did just] as Jehovah told him through Moses.
41 But the next day, the people again started grumbling against Moses and Aaron, and they shouted: ‘You’ve killed the people of Jehovah!’ 42 So a mob gathered against Moses and Aaron, and they foolishly ran into the Tent of Proofs. And at that, the cloud immediately covered it and the glory of Jehovah appeared!
43 Then Moses and Aaron entered through the front of the Tent of Proofs, 44 and the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron there and said: 45 ‘Get away from the whole gathering, because I’m going to consume them all!’
Well, [Moses and Aaron] dropped to their faces, 46 and Moses said to Aaron: ‘Take an incense holder, put some incense into it, and light it with some of the fire from the Altar. Then quickly carry it into the camp to atone for [the people’s] sins; for Jehovah’s rage has come upon us and He has already started destroying them!’
47 So Aaron took it (just as Moses had told him) and he ran around throughout the whole gathering, since a plague had already started among them; and he used the incense to atone for the sins of the people. 48 Then he stood himself between the living and the dead, and the plague stopped.
49 Altogether, some fourteen thousand seven hundred died from the plague… in addition to those who died because of KorAh. 50 And when Aaron returned to Moses (who was at the entrance to the Tent of Proofs), the plague ended.
1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said: 2 ‘Tell the children of IsraEl to have their [tribe] leaders each bring a walking stick with them, one for each of the family lines – twelve walking sticks – and have them write their [own] names on their sticks. 3 Also write Aaron’s name on his walking stick [on behalf of the Tribe of] Levi. Each tribe should provide these sticks for [the heads] of their family lines. 4 Then you must carry them all inside the Tent of Proofs and lay them before the Chest of Proofs, where I [always meet with] you. 5 And whoever owns the walking stick that blossoms is the man that I have chosen. This will bring an end to all the children of IsraEl’s grumbling to Me about you.’
6 So Moses spoke to the children of IsraEl, and each of their leaders gave him a walking stick, one for each of the heads of their family lines – twelve walking sticks – and Aaron’s walking stick was placed among them. 7 Then Moses laid the walking sticks before Jehovah inside the Tent of Proofs.
8 Well, the next morning, when Moses and Aaron entered the Tent of Proofs, they saw that the walking stick of Aaron (from the Tribe of Levi) had bloomed, putting out buds, blossoms, and almonds! 9 Then Moses carried all of those walking sticks that had been set in front of Jehovah out before the sons of IsraEl for them to see; and each [of the leaders] took his own stick.
10 So the Lord told Moses: ‘Now, place Aaron’s walking stick among the Proofs… keep it there as a sign for these disobedient children. And then tell them to stop grumbling to Me, so they don’t die!’
12 Then [the leaders] of the children of IsraEl spoke to Moses and asked: ‘Are we now going to be cut off, destroyed, and consumed? 13 Since everyone who touches the Tent of Jehovah is to die; are we now going to be totally destroyed?’
1 Then the Lord spoke to Aaron and told him: ‘You, your sons, and your [tribe] will be guilty of any sins against the holy things, and you and your sons [are responsible for] your Priesthood. 2 So now, take the rest of your brothers from the Tribe of Levi (the family line of your forefather) and accept them as yours. Have them serve you and your sons there in front of the Tent of Proofs. 3 They must obey you and follow your instructions regarding everything that has to do with the Tent. However, they must not go near the holy furnishings or the Altar, so that they – and you – don’t die!
4 ‘They must be joined to you and follow your instructions regarding the Tent of Proofs and serve as guards in watches at the Tent… but no outsiders may even approach you. 5 You alone are to give instructions when it comes to the holy things and the Altar… and there must be no more anger [about this] among the children of IsraEl. 6 For I have also chosen your brothers the Levites from among the children of IsraEl as a gift to Jehovah, to officiate at the Tent of Proofs.
7 ‘Now, you and your descendants must maintain your assigned positions as Priests, serving at the Altar and inside the veil, doing the things that are required. You must serve in the position of your Priesthood, and any [unauthorized] person who approaches it must die!’
8 Then the Lord told Aaron: ‘Look, I have given you all the instructions regarding the first fruitage of everything that is to be made perfect for Me by the children of IsraEl. This is an honor for you and for your descendants, and it is a law through the ages 9 that all the perfected holy things from among the burnt offerings, gifts, sacrifices, and all the error and sin offerings – whatever holy things that they bring to Me – will belong to you and to your sons. 10 These things must be considered holy by you, and all the males (you and your sons) must eat them inside this very holy place.
11 ‘I am also giving all the first fruitage among the gifts – the wave-offerings of the children of IsraEl – to you and to your sons and daughters. It is a law through the ages that all those in your homes who are clean may eat them. 12 All the first offerings of oil, wine, grain, and whatever else they may offer to Jehovah, is yours. 13 All the first fruitage of the land – whatever is offered to Jehovah – must belong to you, and everyone in your home who is clean may eat them.
14 ‘And anything that the children of IsraEl may choose to dedicate is also yours. 15 Whatever they bring to Jehovah, whether a man or an animal – everything that opens a womb – is yours. However, the first-born of men and the first-born of unclean animals must be ransomed. 16 The value of anything a month old and upwards is five silver coins (twenty copper coins per holy silver coin). 17 They cannot buy back their first-born calves, sheep, or goats, because these things are holy. You must pour their blood on the Altar, and offer the fat as a burnt offering and a sweet odor to Jehovah. 18 Then their flesh – the breast and the right shoulder of the wave-offerings – is to be yours. 19 Also, I have given all the special offerings of holy things – whatever the children of IsraEl offer as special to Jehovah – to you and to your sons and daughters who live with you. This is to be a rule through the ages. It is a Sacred Agreement of Salt through the ages between Me and you, and with your seed that descends from you.’
20 Then the Lord told Aaron: ‘You aren’t going to receive an inheritance in that land, nor may you own any part of it, for I am your portion and your inheritance in the midst of the children of IsraEl. 21 Look! I have also given the sons of Levi a tenth part of everything in IsraEl as their inheritance for the services that they are to perform at the Tent of Proofs.
22 ‘Now, the children of IsraEl must not approach the Tent of Proofs again, or they will [be found] guilty and die. 23 Just the Levites may work and serve at the Tent of Proofs, and they are to be responsible for any errors against it. This is a law through the ages and throughout all your generations. They are not to receive an inheritance among the children of IsraEl, 24 because I have given the Levites the tenth part that the children of IsraEl must bring to Jehovah as theirs… and that’s why I’m telling them that they are to receive no inheritance among the children of IsraEl.’
25 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and said: 26 ‘Speak to the Levites and tell them that when they receive the tenth part from the children of IsraEl that I am giving to them as their inheritance, they must then set aside a tenth of that tenth as a wave offering to Jehovah. 27 These wave offerings must be treated as their own grain offerings from the [threshing] floor and wine press. 28 They must set this portion aside from all tenth-part offerings to Jehovah – along with everything else that they receive from the children of IsraEl – and give My offerings to Aaron the Priest. 29 This includes a [tenth part] of all the gifts that are given as offerings to Jehovah and all the first fruitage.
30 ‘Tell them that whenever they offer the first fruitage, the Levites must think of it as the produce from their own threshing floors or wine presses. 31 Then they and their families may eat it wherever they wish, because this is their reward for serving at the Tent of Proofs. 32 They won’t sin by doing this, as long as they [set aside] a portion of the first-fruitage [for Aaron], and as long as they don’t dirty the holy things of the children of IsraEl. Otherwise, they must be put to death.’
1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron and said, 2 ‘This is a commandment of the Law that Jehovah has given to you: Speak to the sons of IsraEl and tell them to bring you a red heifer that has no blemishes or defects and which has never worn a yoke, 3 then give her to EliEzer the Priest. He must thereafter have them take it to a clean place outside of the camp and slaughter it there before him. 4 Then EliEzer must take some of its blood and sprinkle it in front of the Tent of Proofs seven times, 5 and they must burn it to ashes before him, making sure that its skin, flesh, blood, and dung are totally consumed. 6 Afterward, the Priest must take some cedar wood, some hyssop, and some scarlet-colored wool, and throw it into the [fire] that is burning the heifer. 7 Then the Priest must wash his clothes, bathe in water, and go into the camp. However, he must remain unclean until that evening. 8 Also, the person that burns [the heifer] must wash his clothes, take a bath, and be unclean until that evening.
9 ‘Then a clean man must gather up the heifer’s ashes and lay them aside in a clean place outside of the camp for the gathering of the children of IsraEl, so as to make a water to sprinkle for purification. 10 And this man who gathers up the heifer’s ashes must wash his clothes and be unclean until the evening.
‘This is a law for the children of IsraEl and for the aliens that join with them through the ages: 11 Whoever touches a human corpse must be unclean for seven days. 12 He must then be purified both on the third day and on the seventh day, and he will be clean. But if he isn’t purified on the third and seventh days, he won’t be clean. 13 For anyone who touches the carcass of a man that has died and doesn’t get purified will defile the Tent of Jehovah. So, that person must be cut off from IsraEl… if the cleansing water isn’t sprinkled on him, he will be unclean and will remain unclean!
14 ‘This is also the law: Whenever a man dies inside a house, anyone who enters that house and everything in that house must be unclean for seven days. 15 All jars that are open and don’t have lids that are tightly sealed, must be unclean. 16 Also, anyone who touches a man that was murdered, or a cadaver, or a human bone, or even a tomb, must be unclean for seven days.
17 ‘Then they must take the burnt ashes of purification and pour them into a jar with running water to make the [water of] purification. 18 Thereafter, a clean man must take some hyssop and dip it into the water, and sprinkle the house, the furniture, and all the people who are there that may have touched the human bone, or the murdered man, or the cadaver, or the tomb. 19 The clean man must sprinkle it upon the unclean people on the third and seventh days. Then on the seventh day, he must purify himself, wash his clothes, take a bath, and be unclean until the evening. 20 Any man who has become unclean and chooses not to purify himself must be cut off from among the gathering, because he has dirtied the holy things of Jehovah… if the cleansing water hasn’t been sprinkled on him, he will remain unclean.
21 ‘And it is the law through the ages that whoever sprinkles the water of purification must wash his clothes, and whoever even touches the water must be unclean until evening. 22 Also, everything that an unclean man touches must be unclean, and anyone who touches [that thing] must be unclean until the evening.’
1 It was during the first month that the people (the whole gathering of the children of IsraEl) traveled to the Sin Desert and stayed in KaDesh; and it was there that MiriAm died and was buried.
2 Well, there was no water in that place, so all the people came to Moses and Aaron 3 and they started shouting at Moses, saying, ‘We would rather have died when our brothers were destroyed before Jehovah! 4 Why have you brought the gathering of Jehovah into this desert… to kill us along with our cattle? 5 Just what kind of a place is this? You brought us out of Egypt and took us into this evil place where we can’t plant grain, or figs, or vines, or pomegranates… and there’s no water for us to drink here!’
6 Then Moses and Aaron went to the entrance of the Tent of Proofs and stood before the people, and [they both] fell to their faces. Then the glory of Jehovah appeared to them, 7 and [God] spoke to Moses, saying: 8 ‘Call an assembly; then take your walking stick, and you and your brother Aaron must call out to the rock that stands before them, and it will give you its water! You must bring the water out of the rock for them and give it to the gathering and to their cattle to drink.’
9 So Moses took his walking stick that was there before Jehovah, just as the Lord had commanded him. 10 Then Moses and Aaron assembled the whole gathering in front of the rock, and he said to them: ‘Listen to me, you rebels; Must we bring water for you out of this rock?’ 11 And at that, Moses raised his hand and hit the rock twice with his rod, and water came gushing out of it for the gathering and their cattle to drink.
12 But after that, the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron and said: ‘Because you didn’t put enough trust in Me to mention Me before the children of IsraEl, you won’t be allowed to lead this gathering into the land that I have given to them. 13 This is [to be called] The Water of Rebellion; because, this is where the children of IsraEl spoke rebelliously before Jehovah, as I remained holy among them.’
14 Then Moses sent messengers from KaDesh to the king of Edom to tell him, ‘This is what your brother IsraEl is saying: You know of all the hard times we’ve seen, 15 of how our fathers went down to Egypt and of the many [years] that we spent there, and of how the Egyptians oppressed us and our fathers. 16 But when we called out to Jehovah, He heard our voices and sent His messenger who brought us out of Egypt. Well, now we are in the city of KaDesh at the edge of your land, 17 and we wish to pass through it. We won’t walk through your fields or through your vineyards, nor will we drink water from your cisterns. We will just travel along the King’s Highway (Via Nova Traiana), and we won’t turn to the right or left until we have past your borders.’
18 But the Edomites replied: ‘You may not pass through [our land]! And if you try to do so, we will go to war against you!’
19 So the children of IsraEl said: ‘Then we’ll go around the mountain. And if we and our cattle drink any of your water, we will pay you for it… it shouldn’t bother you if we travel around the mountain.’
Well thereafter, the Edomites came out to meet them with a huge, well-prepared army, 21 and they refused to allow IsraEl to cross their borders; so IsraEl turned and went another way… 22 the whole gathering left KaDesh and traveled on to Mount Hor.
23 It was while they were at Mount Hor (on the border of the land of Edom) that the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, and said: 24 ‘Aaron is now going to be laid [to rest] with his people… and you may not enter the land that I have given to the children of IsraEl, because you angered Me at The Water of Rebellion! 25 So, take Aaron and his son EliEzer up Mount Hor before the whole gathering, 26 then remove Aaron’s [official] garments and put them on EliEzer. And thereafter, Aaron will die and be added to [his people].’
27 So Moses did just as Jehovah had commanded him. He took them up Mont Hor before the whole gathering, 28 then he removed Aaron’s clothes and put them on his son EliEzer… and Aaron died on top of the mountain.
Well when Moses and EliEzer walked down the mountain, 29 the gathering realized that Aaron had died. Then the whole house of IsraEl wept for Aaron for thirty days.
1 After that, the CanaAnite king of Arad (who lived near the desert) heard that IsraEl had traveled through Atharin, so he went to war against IsraEl and carried some of [their people] off as captives. 2 So IsraEl swore a vow to Jehovah, saying, ‘If You will hand them over to us, we will dedicate them and their cities to You.’
3 Well, Jehovah heard what [the people of] IsraEl said and He gave the CanaAnites into their hands. They [destroyed] them and their cities, and they started calling that place the Cursed.
4 Thereafter, they left Mount Hor and traveled toward the Red Sea, circling the land of Edom. And somewhere along the way, the people lost their courage 5 and started speaking against God and Moses, saying, ‘Why have you brought us out of Egypt just to kill us here in the desert? [We have] no bread or water, and we’ve come to hate the worthless bread.’ 6 So Jehovah sent poisonous snakes among them that bit [many] people, and quite a few of the children of IsraEl died. 7 As the result, the people went to Moses and said, ‘We have sinned, for we’ve spoken against Jehovah and against you. Please pray to Jehovah and [ask] Him to take these snakes away from us!’
8 Well, Moses prayed to Jehovah for the people, and the Lord told Moses: ‘Make [the sign of] a snake and [post it high]. Then, whenever someone is bitten by a snake, they can look at [this sign] and they will live.’
9 So Moses made a brass snake and raised it as a sign; then, whenever a snake bit a person, he [or she] could look at the bronze snake and survive.
10 Thereafter, children of IsraEl left that place and started camping in ObOth. 11 And from ObOth, they moved to AchalGai, which is on the eastern edge of the desert across from Moab. 12 From there they traveled on and camped in the Zared Valley. 13 Then they left [Zared] and camped on the other side of the Arnon, in the desert that runs along the border of the Amorites. The Arnon is the border between the Moabites and the Amorites, 14 for this is what was written about ZoOb in the book of the Wars of Jehovah: ‘The dry river beds of Arnon were set on fire, 15 and Moab’s [Capital] Er [was built] along the river beds at their border.’
16 It was there that they found a well, and Jehovah said: ‘I have given this well to Moses; so gather the people and I will give them water to drink.’
20 Well after that, Moses sent ambassadors to Seon (the king of the Amorites) with words of peace. They [said to him]: 21 ‘We [wish to] pass through your land. We will just travel along the road… we won’t step into your fields or vineyards, 22 and we won’t drink any water from your wells. We will just travel along the King’s Highway until we pass through your borders.’
23 But Seon wouldn’t allow IsraEl to cross his borders. Rather, he gathered all his people and set up battle lines against IsraEl from the desert [all the way] to JasSa. 24 However, IsraEl beat them and slaughtered [many of their people with] swords. So thereafter, they owned all the land from the Arnon to the JaBoc as far as the children of AmMon (for, JaZer borders the [land of] the children of AmMon).
25 IsraEl also captured all of the Amorite cities in the [district of] Hesh-Eboneh, and they started living in them. 26 Hesh-Eboneh had been the city of Seon the king of the Amorites, and he had previously fought against the king of Moab and captured all the land from AroEr to the Arnon. 27 That’s why there was a saying among those who speak of such dark things:
31 It was while IsraEl was living in the cities of the Amorites 32 that Moses sent spies to JaZer. Then he captured it and its [surrounding] villages, and he drove out the Amorites who lived there. 33 And after their return, they [marched] up the road that leads to Bashan. And Bashan’s king Og sent his army from EdraIn to meet them.
34 Then the Lord told Moses: ‘Don’t be afraid of him, for I’m putting him, his people, and his land into your hands. Now, do to him as you did to Seon the king of the Amorites who lived in Hesh-Eboneh.’
35 So they attacked and destroyed [Og], his sons, and all his people. There were no survivors, and [IsraEl] inherited their land.
1 Thereafter, the children of IsraEl left that place they and camped on the west side of Moab by the Jordan River near JeriCho. 2 And when Balak (SepPhor’s son) saw what the IsraElites had done to the Amorites, 3 [he] and the people of Moab became very concerned and upset, because there were so many IsraElites. 4 Then the Moabites said to the elders of MidiAn: ‘This gathering is going lick up everything around us like a calf swallows down grass in a field!’
Well, Balak (the son of SepPhor) was the king of Moab at the time. 5 And he sent ambassadors to call BalaAm the son of Beor, who was at Phathura (which is beside a river in the land of his people). [And he told them] to say, ‘Look! These people who have come from Egypt are covering the entire land… and now they’re camping close to me! 6 So, come and curse them for me, because they are stronger than we are. Then we’ll be able to attack them and drive them out of the land. Because, I know that whomever you bless will be blest, and whomever you curse will be cursed.’
7 So the elders of Moab and MidiAn went out carrying their charms in their hands, and they went to see BalaAm. Then they told him everything that Balak had said, 8 and he replied to them: ‘Spend the night here, and I’ll tell you whatever the Lord says to me.’
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Structural adjustment programs are economic measures geared towards reorienting a failing economy, particularly in developing countries. They are usually administered under the auspices of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Structural adjustment programs are usually systemic steps towards an efficient reallocation of resources geared towards boosting export and increasing employment. Opening the economy to international trade would supposedly result in more income, triggering a trickle-down effect that would benefit everyone in the long run (Alarcon-Gonzales and McKinley, 1999).
The costs of structural adjustment programs to human development, however, are not readily apparent. These programs were intended to improve a country's economy and perhaps result in better jobs. However, these programs can also often affect less-competitive sectors of the economy adversely, particularly the informal sector where women are most active.
In a study of structural adjustment policies in Jamaica, Faye Harrison studies how the "new conquistadors" of the IMF, the World Bank, and the Reagan and Bush administrations created strategies for an export-based Jamaican economy. However, she notes that their quest for development, these policies have sacrificed "basic needs in health care, housing, education, social services and employment for those of free enterprise and free trade" (Harrison 1997: 451).
Since nearly 50 percents of all Jamaican households have a female head, many women face tremendous pressure to make ends meet. Many women thus augment their income through informal sector work. Harrison studied the case of Mrs. Beulah Brown, one such "informal sector worker," in detail.
Mrs. Brown supplemented her income as an aide at the community health center by making dresses. She also sold meat patties, traded cheese and sold ice made in a deep freezer. However, the structural adjustment programs imposed by the World Bank and IMF diverted funds away from health programs. The Community Health Aide Program was shut down.
With the devaluation of the Jamaican dollar and the suspension of food subsidies, the cost of living rose dramatically. Mrs. Brown's friends and neighbors were driven to drug trafficking to make ends meet. In this new, export-driven economy, Mrs. Brown could barely afford food, much less the materials for her businesses. Eventually, the health care worker and proud business owner had to emigrate and work as a nanny, a profession many Jamaican women are forced into (Harrison 1997).
Similar structural adjustments have had detrimental effects on women in Mexico. Here, the new policies may have increased export and generated profit for the professional and more educated and skilled employees.
However, these programs involved wage repression, a lack of new jobs in manufacturing and a curtailment in agricultural production, jobs generally staffed by poor, unskilled women. These factors all contribute towards a loss of income sources among the poorer segments of the population (Alarcon-Gonzales and McKinley, 1999).
As in Jamaica, the effects of structural adjustment extend beyond the economic sphere. Cuts in public services, such as health, education and nutrition, tend to have a larger effect on women who are charged with the dual tasks of family earner and caregiver at home. As caretakers, women are expected to care for the sick and elderly family members. Women are also tasked with stretching a tight budget, a task that entails more time towards hunting for bargains and preparing food.
Layoffs and cuts in real wages often result in longer hours for women in household activities or informal activities to compensate for the loss of family income. In effect, these women are acting as economic "shock absorbers." They put in more hours in unpaid or low-paid activities that standard economic accounting does not recognize (Alarcon-Gonzales and McKinley, 1999).
In the Mexican case, structural adjustments have resulted in an unequal pattern of development. A small minority of educated, high-skilled workers may have profited at the expense of the poor, unskilled ones. Since many poor women make up the latter category, and because of the increased workload both inside and outside the home, structural adjustments thus take a heavy toll on the lives of women in the name of economic development.
The fight against structural adjustment programs in 36 countries Africa further illustrates the effects on structural adjustments on the lives of women. These effects include slashed wages, retrenchment, cuts in health care programs and declining resources allocated to education. In addition, because of stress over uncertain finances, many women report an increase in spousal abuse from frustrated husbands. Other women are forced to work as prostitutes, which leaves them vulnerable to violent or sexual assaults (African Women's Network, 1996).
In response, the African Women's Economic Policy Network (AWEPON) was formed in 1994. Their programs include teaching women "economic literacy" by building on their knowledge of household economics. These education programs seek to empower women by showing them their integral place in the larger economy. AWEPON is also trying to lobby the United Nations and other international organizations to address the human development discrepancies brought about by these structural adjustment programs.
In summary, while gender inequality in Jamaica, Mexico and Africa predates structural adjustment programs, the effects of these programs sharpen the gender divide.
They divert funding away from programs like low-cost healthcare and education programs for girls. Furthermore, the shift in dependency patters at home has contributed to violence against women. Though supposedly geared towards higher wages and higher standards of living, the ill effects of structural adjustments have disproportionately affected women.
In an era of gender equality, it is easy to overlook how structures of patriarchy continue to dominate the lives of women, both here in the United States and around the world.
In the disparate cultures of the Yanomamo, the Sherpa and the!Kung Sen, marriage relations are still seen as a way to united families or groups. In some societies, women continue to be betrothed as young girls, and do not have any voice in their choice of mates. Often, men are allowed more than one wife, but women are not allowed the same option.
After marriage, traditional domestic structures still continue to apply. Women are still expected to take care of household chores and caretaking responsibilities, even when they work outside the home. Finally, most women's participation in the economic sector remains invisible, because women like Beulah Brown are part of the informal sector. As such, their needs are often ignored by planners, and they are often adversely-affected by IMF and World Bank policies.
Though far from comprehensive, this survey of economic and social practices in various countries shows that even across disparate social, economic and racial groupings, women around the world struggle are burdened with unfair patriarchal norms and traditions. In the advent of the age of globalization, few concepts remain as truly global as patriarchy.
African Women's Network (1996). Women Standing Up to Adjustment in Africa: A Report of the African Women's Economic Policy Network. available from www.developmentgap.org.htm (accessed 22 March 2003).
Alarcon-Gonzales, Diana and Terry McKinley (1999). "The adverse effects of structural adjustments on working women in Mexico" Latin American Perspectives, 26, 3, May. 103-117. Available from Proquest www.proquest.umi.com (accessed 22 March 2003).
Harrison, Faye (1997). "The Gendered Politics and Violence of Structural Adjustment," in Situated Lives: Gender and Culture in Everyday Life. Louse Lamphere et al., eds. (New York and London: 1997), 451-468.
A electronic book]. Available from www.worldbank.org/poverty/voices/reports.htm (accessed 22 March 2003).
Pesquera, Beatriz M. (1997). "In the Beginning He Wouldn't Lift a Spoon," in Situated Lives: Gender and Culture in Everyday Life. Louse Lamphere et al., eds. (New York and London: 1997), 208-222.
Saptari, Ratna (2000). "Networks of Reproduction among Cigarette Factory Women in East Java," in Women and Households in Indonesia: Cultural Notions and Social Practices. Surrey: Curzon Press.
Club Inferno Dungeon says: When Brian Bonds is ready to shoot his load, he grabs Andrew Stark’s non-fisting hand to deposit an offering of hot semen, which Andrew slathers inside Brian’s gaping hole for extra lubrication.
With Brian’s lust for the fist finally satisfied, Andrew dumps his load of hot cum into Brian’s mouth, with an additional thick rope landing across Brian’s upper lip.
If you were dancing with props, you were getting props. That was the theme of Freestyle Takeover’s most recent competition held this past weekend at MAGWest, the West Coast expansion of MAGFest (Music and Gaming Festival).
We held a two-round improv freestyle tournament to determine who had the most creativity and charisma when faced with a random song. The first twist: It was on a DDR 4th Mix Plus machine, a mix that hasn’t seen the light of day in Northern California in over a decade. The second twist: Each competitor was randomly assigned a physical prop to use in conjunction with their first round performance. The result? The crowd, the judges, and the Twitch audience were treated to plenty of clever acts on stage!
In the final round, the physical props were shooed away but the energy was turned up to 11. Despite the competitors being bound to a random song, they still let loose and left it all on the dance pads. This is not some phrase that we throw around lightly; the top 3 finishers finished within a point of each other on the judges’ scorecards!
Freestyle Takeover: Fanime was a homecoming, a return to form and the best Fanime experience we have had in years. It was super gratifying to not only see people show up and compete, but to see them come prepared, dance their hearts out to unconventional songs and breathe new life into a game released in 2002. Judging by the top 3 routines (each song from DDR 2nd Mix Club Version, no less!) and the overall quality of performance in both rounds, I think we can safely say the bar has been raised for DDR freestyle in 2018. 🙂
We’ve made our judges’ scorecards public and have set up a Youtube playlist of all the performances from Friday night – go check it out and be sure to subscribe to our channel while you’re at it!
HONORABLE MENTION for the night goes to 001. Though he didn’t qualify for round 2, he blew us all away with an exhibition of the routine he’d prepared:
We’d like to thank everyone who came through to compete and spectate that night – your love of the game is infectious and brought us much joy that night. Major thanks as well to @dammit_jill for taking the time to record video and Emu the Artist for providing prizes from her Concon store. This was one hell of a fun event and we can’t wait to throw another one like it.
Big announcements today! We knew we didn’t want January’s tournament to be the end of DDR freestyle in 2018, so we’ve launched Takeover as a Brand ™ with the intent to celebrate and foster freestyle in the DDR community and bring you more content & events throughout the year.
First item of business is the launch of our podcast! Tune in to hear Paolo, Mel B and James reflect on the performances from the first DDRFS tournament in NorCal in damn near a decade!
We’re also super excited to share an ongoing project with you: The DDR Freestyle Archive! James is spearheading this with the goal of creating an accessible, centralized repository of tournament performances dating all the way back to the year 2000. For anyone curious about past events or looking for inspiration for their own routines, this thing is a must-see.
We’re open to any and all feedback and want to foster engagement and participation in freestyle as best we can. Let us know if there’s anything you’d like to see and be sure to give us a follow on Twitter and Facebook in the meantime! Happy weekend y’all! |
In a test of the predictive utility of the theory of planned behaviour alone and in conjunction with a number of additional variables, 114 participants completed questionnaires measuring predictor variables and, three weeks later, reported exercise. The benefits of physical activity regular physical activity is one of the most important things you can do for your health if you’re not sure about becoming active or boosting your level of physical activity because you’re afraid of getting hurt, the good news is that moderate-intensity aerobic activity, like brisk walking, is generally safe for most people. Exercise is a specific form of physical activity — planned, purposeful physical activity performed with the intention of acquiring fitness or other health benefits, says david bassett, jr, phd.
Similarity a transition word ( a connective adverb) transitions the reader from the thought in one sentence to a similar thought in the next the adverbial is an adverb (-ly, -wise) or a prepositional phrase this apple is tart similarly, this one is sour (adv) this apple is tart. Childhood obesity is an epidemic of global proportions, accompanied by an alarming increase in various metabolic disorders it would appear that childhood obesity stems largely from excessive energy intake and that it is the ensuing obesity that leads to physical inactivity in children, as opposed to initial physical inactivity inducing obesity. Activity | ask students to return to the list they wrote in their journals, to select a topic from the board or to pick a new topic which they will compare remind students that the subjects they choose to compare and contrast should generally be from the. The physical activity guidelines recommend that adults participate in muscle strengthening exercises for all major muscles groups at least two days a week bone strengthening exercise, or any weight-bearing activity that produces a force on the bone, is also.
Chapter seven the critique exercise • what’s a critique and why does it matter have not previously trained as a runner and are not in good physical condition from some other sort of athletic training, you would find it challenging if not the two main goals of a close reading are. Benefits of excercise benefits of physical fitness physical fitness has many positive benefits for a person’s body exercise provides health benefits, increases strength and energy, enhances a person’s appearance, which helps with self-esteem and also relieves stress. The results are organized in two sections: reasons for participation in physical activity and barriers to participation in physical activity within each section, results are presented in order of the age group which participated in the study. Southwest tennessee community college composition lessons & resources john friedlander a sample five-paragraph theme outline the benefits of regular exercise [this sample essay was written for the use of our students by bette latta, a professor in the english department at the former state technical institute at memphis, and is reproduced here with her permission. Comparing two articles about physical excercise essay by flynangel2002 , college, undergraduate , b , october 2005 download word file , 4 pages download word file , 4 pages 50 2 votes.
Using fitness to find happiness studies show that exercising regularly for about two weeks creates these chemical changes on a regular basis, causing you to crave exercise when you are first starting out with exercise or getting back into it after weeks of downtime, remember that the first couple of weeks might be hard articles you. Background psychological stress and physical activity (pa) are believed to be reciprocally related however, most research examining the relationship between these constructs is devoted to the study of exercise and/or pa as an instrument to mitigate distress. Journal of aging research is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies on all aspects of gerontology and geriatric medicine.
There are number of means of methods to alter body composition, and metabolic issues, available for the adult who is overfat the following is a systematic review and meta-analysis focused on comparing changes from treatment program for adults who are overfat based on analysis of aggregated effect size (es) of inducing changes. Sport and physical activity can make a substantial contribution to the well-being of people in developing countries exercise, physical activity and sport have long been used in the treatment and rehabilitation of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Mental health effects of exercise health and social care essay print all randomized controlled trials comparing any intervention where physical activity or exercise was considered to be the main or active ingredient with standard care or other treatments for people with anxiety disorder, affective and mood disorder, and substances use. Physical activity and exercise, when undertaken regularly, are highly beneficial for health, and for physical and psychological well-being [eg, yet, only a minority of adults in modern societies reports engaging in physical exercise at a level compatible with most public health guidelines [ 2 .
This adds to a large volume of research on the benefits of regular physical activity exercise has been shown to lower the risk of early death, help control weight and reduce the risk of. With this anchor chart, we discussed the terms compare and contrast i guided students with the idea that authors create relationships between characters, settings, and events in a text by developing the interactions among story elements.
Essay about compare and contrast two plays this essay will compare and contrast two plays by aboriginal and torres strait islander playwrights the first “in our town” by jack davis and the second “the seven stages of grieving” by wesley enoch and deborah mailman. Why exercise is wise reviewed by: mary l gavin, md print experts recommend that teens get 60 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous physical activity each day here are some of the reasons: exercise benefits every part of the body, including the mind. The second statement claims that physical activity, without caloric restriction, minimally if at all affects fat loss the statements suggest that to optimize weight loss, a combination of diet and exercise is best, and that exercise alone will not suffice. Cat vs dog comparison cats and dogs are the most popular pets in the world cats are more independent and are generally cheaper and less demanding pets on average, cat owners have two cats there are approximately 782 million pet dogs in the us 39% of us households own at least one dog on average, dog owners have one dog. |
With this new Glo cheat make sure your airtime balance is N0.00kb and stable Glo 3G network is very essential, otherwise, you might still experience the disconnecting issues. Also note that you must be on Glo Pay As You Go (PAYU) plan, if you are not yet on the plan, kindly text PAYU to 127. Once you have received a reply that “you are using data Pay As You Go to browse. Then you follow the settings below.
Use the Glo default APN for your phone setting i.e APN should be glosecure and both username and password should be secure
NB: Incase the Tweakware stopped at free user limit, just keep pressing connect till it re-connected.
In protest of the Vietnam War, John Lennon wrote a Christmas song called Happy Xmas (War Is Over). The background of chorus that goes “War is over now, if you want it, war is over, now!” Well, maybe so… or not!
Not every Christian may realize this but the advent of Jesus ushered in a new cosmic war, a Spiritual battle, that wages on. It has to do with the clash of kingdoms, the kingdom of God and the kingdoms of the world − the collision of powers between God and the rulers of this world.
This clash of powers begin right from the onset of Jesus’ birth. The Gospel of Matthew reminds us that the joy of Jesus’ birth gave way to bloodshed once King Herod learned that the baby being born was considered the ing of the Jews. Once his conspiracy to kill Jesus failed, Herod ordered the murder of ever boy age of two and under born in the vicinity of Bethlehem.
The slaughter of these babies is horrible but it’s also the consequence of God’s kingdom colliding with the kingdoms of this world and it doesn’t end there. Eventually the Jewish and Gentile rulers of this world conspire together, crucifying Jesus. But thankfully, God raised Jesus from death and the resurrection of Jesus is God’s assurance that the rulers of this world have lost.
…to proclaim that Jesus is King is to renounce the claims of sovereignty the rulers of this world make, whether these claims come in the form of a monarchy, oligarchy, or even a democracy.
Of course, that doesn’t mean the rules of this world will surrender their claims of sovereignty so easily. We only need to read the book of Revelation to understand how this cosmic war wages on and is waged against Jesus and his church until God’s victorious reign is fully realized in the second-coming of Christ.
So where does that leave us who proclaim Jesus as King? We sing “Hark the herald angels sing ‘Glory to the newborn King! Peace on earth and mercy mild, God and sinners reconciled…’” but our story reminds us that leaning into this reality places us against the kingdoms of this world. For to proclaim that Jesus is King is to renounce the claims of sovereignty the rulers of this world make, whether these claims come in the form of a monarchy, oligarchy, or even a democracy.
This isn’t a denial of the role which governments serve as God’s agents for maintaining law and order in a fallen world (cf. Rom 13:4). However, the war is over and in King Jesus, God has won the victory. As believers, who profess our allegiance to King Jesus, we bear witness to this victory. We declare that the kingdom of God is here!
And at the very least, singing “Glory to the newborn King!” should evoke some sense of dissonance with the world and even our own country. That won’t always be easy but the good news is that we’re on the winning side.
This entry was posted in Contemporary Christianity, Faith, Kingdom of God, Theology and tagged #HoCoFaith, Advent, Christianity, christmas hymn, Church, Faith, Jesus, story of jesus birth, war. Bookmark the permalink.
Last weekend, Maria and Marina went to the Texas Society of Mammalogists (TSM) annual meeting in Junction, TX. Marina presented a poster entitled “Comparing three bat acoustic sampling methodologies for large-scale surveys” and she got great comments and feedback from researchers actively pursuing bat surveys in various states. Maria was a judge for the TSM oral presentation and Packard (overall best oral presentation) awards. At this meeting Molly McDonough (from Baker’s lab) won the overall best presentation award for a paper on African rodents entitled “Phylogenetic relationships of southern African rodents of the genus Gerbilliscus (Muridae: Gerbillinae).
Last semester, Dr Zubaid gave the keynote address at UPM regarding the activities of the bat group at the local, regional and international levels. A number of people were impressed and said that it could be used as a model for forming groups to study other animal groups. As a consequence, the editorial board of the journal Malaysian Applied Biology asked us to put together a review of our activities. With help from Julie and Ain, we got something together for the December issue.
The lab had a great time this past week hosting Sigit Wiantoro and Alan Hitch from the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) and UC Davis. Sigit also gave a talk on Indonesian bats as part of the department’s Ecology, Evolution and Behavior Seminar series that was very well received. |
We are currently completing a full audit of all Blackboard courses, and are looking for a quick way to find out which courses have used interactive tools. We're looking to report on whether each course has actively used blogs, journals, discussion boards or wikis in the last year, and are concerned that doing a manual audit will be time consuming, and could result in missed tools if they're hidden in sub-folders.
Does anyone have a database query which would work on our MH environment that would list the courses which have used these tools, and the number of entries this academic year? We have some queries used for a similar purpose from a number of years ago when we were self-hosted (on MSSQL), but we're looking for a way to do this now that we're on Managed Hosting (on Linux and Oracle). Any suggestions would be gratefully received.
Hi Chris, you could take a look at Szymon Machajewski's bbstats building block which has a tool adoption section that might get you going quickly. See GitHub - OSCELOT/BbStats: BbStats reports data on LMS tool adoption. It also tracks concurrent sessions on the system a… and Blackboard BbStats - Adoption Report: How to analyze and test the data - YouTube
left join (select crsmain_pk1, listagg(to_char(u.lastname), ',') within group (order by u.pk1) as faculty
HAVING COUNT(cu.pk1) > 3) -- comment out this line if you don't care about student count being over 3
Matt - great idea to look at BbStats - I already have that installed on our live system. I've watched the YouTube video, but can't see how you filter the report down to an individual course. Do you use this? If not, any pointers from Szymon Machajewski would be tremendous!
Chris Bray - thanks so much for sharing Brett Stephens's query - I've tried it on my self-hosted test system running on a windows box (MSSQL) and it's complaining about a few bits of the syntax including the ALTER SESSION and NVL parts - do you know if they're Oracle commands? I'm OK with the basics of MSSQL, but am by no means an expert so please excuse the questions!
It's a bit tricky to troubleshoot without full access to the database (and with almost no Oracle knowledge!) - do you know what the query should give us? If I know it's going to provide the information we're looking for, I can ask the MH team to run the query directly on the database on the back end.
Hey Chris, at the moment I'm just running the query via the Support Tools Building Block, which I think is very much not a supported route! We had OpenDB on a one year trial, but I think it may have expired; I'm just checking with my account manager if we still have this. Alternatively, I think we can request queries to be run via Behind the Blackboard - would you expect Brett's query above to work if I sent it over to the MH team to run on the back end?
Yes I don't think you can then filter down to get results per course, but it will show courses per faculty/dept (or however your course catalogue is set up).
Chris Boon Great to hear you'll try BbStats! In configuration of the B2 you can set course_id pattern. If you specify a specific course_id, the reports will show a single course. The config is used to show courses based on course_id pattern, like 2018.spring, for all courses in that semester.
Hey Szymon Machajewski, thanks so much for this - I can now see where the course ID filter is. I've successfully filtered for our standard courses which all start with a course ID of BCC ("Blackboard Course Creator"), and for a specific course.
This looks really useful, and we love the data on the current most active users, but in this situation I'm looking for the number of blogs, journals, wikis, discussion boards, including the number of posts in the last academic year as many of course courses are used across multiple years. I can see that your excellent tool reports on the number of Bb tools in a course, but it looks like the totals for Wikis, Blogs and Journals are all listed together, and I think it's reporting discussion board forums when Groups have been added to a course. I'm sure BbStats will be useful for part of our audit, but I've a feeling our needs around interactive tools are rather too specific so will need a query.
Yes, the level of detail is often where the Devil is buried. When you do come up with the query you need, please post it to this thread so we can consider adding it into BbStats.
This is an excellent questions. I believe you need to inquire with support as it may depend on your level of service. A new REST API version of BbStats is in development, so at some point the question of being allowed to run BbStats on your system won't be the main question.
Unfortunately, BbStats is not compatible with SaaS, regardless of service level or upgrade options. The incompatibility seems tied to a few queries that don't work with PostgreSQL. I just tested version 4.1.2 and while the dashboard page started to load it quickly failed with "ERROR: column "sysdate" does not exist"
The particular report specific to the topic of this post, The Adoption Report (bbstats_Adoption.jsp), was among the failures.
I tried a few of the other JSPs too with similar results. PostgreSQL handles dates differently than Oracle and MS SQL. Most of the errors seem related to those differences.
I'm finding BbStats very helpful, but we're having difficulty filtering by a course ID string. All of our course IDs are numeric, containing a five digit course number followed by a decimal, then a six digit semester code. For example:
I can't seem to pull LMS Adoption Data by term, as every iteration I've tried of 201803 in the "User activity in courses with specific Course ID pattern" box results in either zero or four courses data listed. I've tried using decimals in front, Boolean wildcards, and truncated numbers, but nothing seems to work. What am I doing wrong?
I couldn't get this to pass a smoke test on my SaaS test deployments. Seems like the JSPs still think this is Oracle. (Same sysdate errors)
Jeff Kelley Ok, it was late last night, and I didn't include any instructions. Please go to config and change from Oracle to Saas in the db configuration. Soon I'll get this to detect the environment instead of having to set it ...
And I was up waaay too early. I will work to get this added to the SaaS inventory so folks need only ask Support to have it installed.
Thanks to all for the updates. I am able to get BB Stats 6 to work on my SaaS Test server, but it is giving an error on my production server. I am getting the same error previously mentioned:
Anyone have any ideas why it would act differently on the two servers? (We are on continuous delivery and I thought that might apply - however, Test is on the latest version and Production is one version behind our test server.) Thanks for any insights!
Karly - that is an indication that you haven't updated the settings of the building block so it knows it is on SaaS. The default setting is Oracle. Go to the Building Block -> Settings and update from Oracle to SaaS. (Thanks to Szymon for pointing this out to me last month.)
Yes, you're right. The link was to a specific war file. my bk experience This is the kroger feedback project link:
After changing the settings to SaaS, I have gotten a lot of data out of our system for tool usage. This has been wonderful. However, I cannot get any report from the LMS Adoption Report > for 4. Course Content Items or 5. Course Availability. It is actually giving me an error. Do I have another setting incorrect?
Also, I wanted to share your blog post that uses the data from BBStats with those who commented on this community space. It is a great resource!
With the new calendar feature I thought it would be good to create a list of great resources for finding or creating your own hex colors to use with the calendar.
There are several great web services that allow you to create your own hex colors or find ones that others have created. In the example below I am using Adobe Color (formerly Kuler). Adobe Color allows users to create color palettes by using the color wheel. What you want to look for is the hex number for the color. Copy that and then go to Canvas and paste it in the option to set the color for a course in the calendar.
I like to direct people to this little utitlity if they need to know what color = what hex code: http://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_colorpicker.asp
Great resources. We have done a lot of customizing for our institutions branding and we relied heavily on the following color sites:
Nice write-up, Susan! I'm going to share your posting with our own school group here in the Community!
I was recently introduced to Sip which is a Mac app with both free and Pro ($9.99) versions. I have found quite handy to either pull the hex of a color or to store our approved institutional branding colors as hex values that I can quickly reference.
I want to use QoS DSCP Assured Forwarding in my network based on a QoS policy that will match packets based on an ACL, remark the DSCP value and assign to a queue. The default queue is WRR, and although for example DSCP AF31 maps to dot1p-3, which maps to a local precedence of 3 and therefore schedules the packet to WRR queue 3, I have to manually remark the packet to local precedence 3 else it won't be scheduled in output queue 3.
However, as the Assured Forwarding model contains drop preferences within each class, so that AF11 has a lower drop preference than AF13, the priority is not recognised because both are put in queue 1. I would like to use WRED, which is a congestion avoidance mechanism that utilizes drop preferences.
When I create a WRED table globally, the table type is "queue" based and the default table does not distinguish amongst the queues and drops preferences, they are all the same so I have to configure them.
Does this mean that, when the WRED table is configured, if I remark a packet as AF11 and remark local precedence as 3, then do the same for a packet AF13,and then use WRED, that AF13 packets will be dropped before AF11 packets? Therefore WRED is DSCP based in that it inherently recognises that AF13 needs to be dropped before AF11?
MAP Reading Fluency tests are available in two types: Foundational Skills and Adaptive Oral Reading.
Foundational Skills assesses letter-sounds fluency, initial sound fluency, letter knowledge (letter ID or letter naming), listening comprehension, and vocabulary. There is no oral reading. If students demonstrate enough ability in earlier sub-tests, there may also be silent word and sentence reading.
Grade-specific Adaptive Oral Reading is an adaptive test beginning with an oral reading task and several timed silent reading sub-tests. It then branches either to Foundational Skills or to the student orally reading 3 passages, each containing 6 comprehension questions.
See the attached document for a flowchart showing how the test proceeds based on the student's performance.
For newly added students or at the start of a new term, MAP Reading Fluency auto-assigns the Adaptive Oral Reading test. This can be changed from the Assignments tab if needed.
The foundational skills assessment is an adaptive assessment testing skills such as letter-sounds fluency, initial sound fluency, letter knowledge (letter ID or letter naming), listening comprehension and vocabulary. Depending on how a student performs on particular skill, they will advance to a more or less difficult skill, so they may not be assessed in all of the available skills. If the student performs well enough on this assessment, they may advance to a segment assessing sentence reading fluency.
First, the student reads a 50-word picture book aloud and completes a timed sentence-picture matching task to assess basic comprehension skills. If the student passes the sentence-picture matching task, the student is presented with 3 passages to read aloud and answer questions about. If the student fails the sentence-picture matching task, the student is routed to the Foundational Skills assessment instead.
This is automatic for all operations. If the tool axis for the operation would force other B/C angles, they will be output as needed.
2) Specific operations: Use the "Rotate" UDE. Note the tool axis must be in a position where this will work.
Is the data on the Documents and Users tab in QEMC (under Status -> QVS Statistics) available from the new management api in QlikView 10? I've looked at the wsdl but there isn't any api that will return the list of users currently using which documents. If anyone knows if the data is available, please let me know. |
We provide our clients with reliable data, forecasts and analysis for 127 countries and 30 key commodities to help them make sound business decisions.
Our reports feature the Consensus Forecast (mean average), along with best- and worst-case scenarios. Find out how FocusEconomics Consensus Forecast reports can help you meet your business goals.
Global economic growth appears to have lost steam in the third quarter in annual terms following Q2’s strong showing. A preliminary GDP estimate for the global economy put year-on-year growth at 3.3% for Q3. While the print was a notch below the 3.4% increase from the previous period, it matched last month’s forecast.
Incoming data suggests that the Latin American economy remained soft in the third quarter. FocusEconomics estimates that regional GDP growth (excluding Venezuela) remained broadly unchanged, inching up from Q2’s 1.7% to 1.8% year-on-year. The second quarter’s result had marked the worst performance in one year as shocks in major-players Argentina and Brazil held back growth.
According to a preliminary estimate, the economy of Central America and the Caribbean should have expanded 3.4% in the third quarter, which, if confirmed, would mark an acceleration from Q2’s 2.2%. Excluding Puerto Rico, growth likely picked up from 3.6% in Q2 to 3.8% in Q3.
According to a more complete estimate by FocusEconomics, ASEAN expanded 4.9% in the third quarter of 2018, buttressed by strong domestic demand. However, this still marks a loss of momentum from the second quarter’s 5.2% expansion.
Higher oil prices, contagion from this summer’s currency crises in Argentina and Turkey and mounting economic uncertainty sent economic growth in East and South Asia (ESA) to an over one-year low in the third quarter. Nevertheless, the region benefited from tight labor markets and supportive public policies in some countries, such as China and Korea. According to an estimate for the region produced by FocusEconomics, ESA countries grew an aggregated 6.1% year-on-year in the third quarter. While the print was considerably below the 6.4% expansion in the second quarter, it was still in line with the estimate reported last month.
Incoming data suggests that economic dynamics were little changed in the Eurozone in the third quarter. FocusEconomics estimates that GDP grew a seasonally-adjusted 0.4% over the previous period, which if confirmed, would match the first and second quarter’s results. While economic momentum remained solid bolstered by accommodative monetary policy and a tightening labor market, growth has nearly halved from 2017’s stellar pace due to a less favorable external environment and softer economic sentiment.
Available data suggests that growth across the Central and Eastern European (CEE) economy continued to taper in the third quarter, on the heels of a boisterous second-quarter outturn underpinned by solid internal demand. According to a preliminary estimate by FocusEconomics, regional growth came in at 3.8% year-on-year in the third quarter, the slowest expansion in nearly two years and down considerably from the snappy 4.2% annual pace clocked in the second quarter.
According to an estimate by FocusEconomics, South-Eastern Europe’s (SEE) economy lost steam in the third quarter and grew 2.6% annually, down notably from Q2’s 4.3% expansion. The slowdown was likely driven chiefly by a moderation in growth in regional powerhouse Turkey, which accounts for around half of the region’s nominal GDP.
The recovery in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is expected to have taken a breather in the third quarter, after growth shot up in the second quarter. FocusEconomics projects that regional GDP growth slid from 2.4% annually to 2.1% in Q3. While higher commodity prices are expected to continue giving a boost to activity in the region, sluggish momentum in Russia is expected to have weighed on the region and spilled over, denting growth in other economies.
According to an estimate by FocusEconomics, the MENA economy should have expanded 2.3% in Q3. If confirmed, this would mark a slight deceleration from Q2’s revised 2.5% growth (previously reported: +2.6% year-on-year).
Comprehensive second-quarter data revealed an unexpectedly downbeat outturn for the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) economy, which faltered mid-year as the region’s heavyweights staggered. Regional growth in the second quarter was slashed to 2.2% year-on-year, down significantly from both preliminary estimates (previously reported: +2.8% year-on-year) and the outset of the year (Q1: +2.6% year-on-year). Despite deteriorating metrics in Angola, Nigeria and South Africa, the region’s major players, much of the region notched faster gains as export-oriented economies continued shaking off the commodity slump. Economic tailwinds, including favorable weather conditions and firmer commodity prices, look set to persist through the remainder of the year; in line with anticipated upturns in Angola, Nigeria and South Africa, FocusEconomics expects regional growth to have recovered in the third quarter, to 3.0% year-on-year.
Industrial output contracted in September, falling a seasonally-adjusted 0.3% over the previous month.
Urban fixed asset investment expanded 5.7% annually in the first 10 months of the year, up from the 5.4% increase in the first 9 months of the year.
Industrial production expanded 5.9% year-on-year in October, up from a 5.8% rise in September and overshooting market expectations of 5.8%. October’s print mainly reflected faster growth in the mining and manufacturing sectors, while the dynamics in the production and distribution of electricity, heating power, gas and water softened compared to September. On a month-on-month basis, industrial production increased 0.48% in seasonally-adjusted terms in October, unchanged from September’s expansion.
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“CASA XAANINNA” is a mayan housing project minded for visitors, artists and friends who need a space to find inspiration, solicitude, creation, healing time, communion with nature, a retreat, or simple as an unforgettable holiday.
The house, sustainable and off grid was made with an architecture from the earth, traditional mayan huts surrounded by untouched jungle and a tiny crop.
Amazing people with mayan heritage live in this little town, 20km from Tulum town and 24km from the famous turquoise beaches and cenotes.
Help with our online vacation rental business, help for basic work in gardening, general maintenance, help in the house and the 3 huts for visitors, cooking, taking care of visitors.
We are a couple from central Mexico who in 2013 decided to build our house with sustainable solutions on the rural side of the gorgeous peninsula.
"Casa XaaninNa" is a paradise that is in constant need of help year round, especially this coming 2018 since we are having a new integrant (:
Words won't be enough to tell how enriching it has been to live here, welcome to immerse yourself in the beauty of simplicity and a simpler way of life.
Depending on season could be a bed in the loft at common hut, a private mayan hut and also option to camp.
If we are home breakfast will be provided, we can cook together, or you can show us some of your skills. We cook mostly vegetarian and tradicional mexican on a wood stove and have a stone oven
If you’re willing to dive into the Windows Registry or Local Group Policy Editor, there are some interesting things you can do surrounding Windows sign in. We’ve talked about how to add previous sign in information to and hide your personal information from the Windows sign in screen. You can also add a text message that appears before a user signs in. Though it’s intended for companies to post legal notices, you can use it for anything you want. Here’s how.
If you have a Home edition of Windows, you will have to edit the Windows Registry to make these changes. You can also do it this way if you have Windows Pro or Enterprise, but just feel more comfortable working in the Registry. (If you have Pro or Enterprise, though, we recommend using the easier Local Group Policy Editor, as described in the next section.)
The legalnoticecaption value serves as the title of your message. It appears at the top and in a slightly larger font than the text of the message. Of course, if you only want a very short message, feel free to just use legalnoticecaption and leave legalnoticetext blank. In the “Value data” box, type the title of your message and then click “OK.”
Back in the main Registry Editor window, double-click the legalnoticetext value to open its properties window.
Type your message into the “Value data” box. You’ll notice that you only get a regular data box to type in here, which can make typing a longer message a little cumbersome. You can always type your message in a text editor like Notepad and then copy/paste it into the “Value data” box. You just want to keep in mind that there’s no formatting available, including carriage returns. So type all your text on one line before you copy and paste it.
There is a way to insert carriage returns so that you can have multiple paragraphs, and we’ll be talking about that in a moment. But for now, just get your text in there and then click “OK.”
In the binary editing window, each letter of the message (including spaces) is represented by four characters in hexadecimal. The regular text is shown out to the right; the hexadecimal characters on the left. To insert a carriage return, you’ll need to click the space on the hexadecimal side right after the character where you want to insert the return. You can try to eyeball the location, but you can also count to the location you need. One character of normal text is four characters on the binary side. So, count the number of characters in normal text, multiply that by four, and then count that number of binary characters to find the same spot. It make take a couple of attempts to get the placement just where you want it.
After clicking the right space, type 0D00. This is the hexadecimal character for a carriage return. If you want to add an extra line between paragraphs, insert the 0D00 character twice in a row, as we’re doing in this example. Do this in each space where you want a return and then click “OK.”
You can now exit Registry Editor. The next time restart Windows, you should see the legal notice before you reach the sign in screen.
If you don’t feel like diving into the Registry yourself, we’ve created two downloadable registry hacks you can use. One hack adds a legal notice caption and text and the other removes them, restoring the default setting. Both hacks are included in the following ZIP file.
Before you can use the hack for adding the legal notice, you’ll need to edit the REG file to include your own text. After downloading and unzipping the hacks, right click the “Add Legal Notice to Startup.reg” file and choose “Edit” from the context menu.
Replace the text that says “Type Your Title Here” and “Type Your Text Here” with whatever you want. Just remember to leave the quotes in place. You’ll need to type the text for the legalnoticetext value all on one line. If you want to have text with multiple paragraphs and carriage returns in between paragraphs, you’ll have to add those in Registry Editor later using the technique we discussed in the previous section.
When you’re done making edits, save the REG file. You can then double-click the file and follow the prompts to add the material to the Registry.
These hacks are really just the System key, stripped down to the legalnoticecaption and legalnoticetext values we described above, and then exported to a .REG file. Running the “Add Legal Notice to Startup” hack sets those values to use whatever text you entered into the file. Running the “Remove Legal Notice from Startup (Default)” hack sets both those values back to empty. And if you enjoy fiddling with the Registry, it’s worth taking the time to learn how to make your own Registry hacks.
If you’re using Windows Pro or Enterprise, the easiest way to display a startup message is by using the Local Group Policy Editor. You should also be aware that group policy is a pretty powerful tool, so it’s worth taking some time to learn what it can do. And if you’re on a company network, do everyone a favor and check with your admin first. If your work computer is part of a domain, it’s also likely that it’s part of a domain group policy that will supersede the local group policy, anyway.
Open the regular Local Group Policy Editor instead by clicking Start, typing “gpedit.msc,” and then hitting Enter.
On the right, find the “Interactive logon: Message title for users attempting to log on” setting and double-click it to open its properties window.
Back in the Local Group Policy Editor main window, find the “Interactive logon: Message text for users attempting to log on” setting and double-click it to open its properties window.
In the setting’s properties window, type the text you want for your message. Unlike when working directly in the Registry, you can separate text onto multiple lines by hitting Enter after a line to insert a carriage return. However, you can’t insert two carriage returns in a row to create a blank line between paragraphs. The edit box makes it look like you can, but the extra return won’t be recognized in the actual message during startup. If you do want to insert an extra blank line, you’ll have to modify the entry in the Registry using the technique we outlined previously.
You can now exit the Local Group Policy Editor. The next time you restart Windows, you should see the legal notice before you reach the sign in screen. If you want to reverse the changes later, just go back to each of those two settings and remove all the text.
Installing libfcgi0ldbl package on Debian Unstable (Sid) is as easy as running the following command on terminal: |
So I love hotel bars, but this new version from the Sheraton is pretty underwhelming. It has a few nice pieces of art -- taking it's name from the George Tsutakawa fountain in the middle of the room -- but it is overly bright, lacking in any kind of charm or intimacy, and the cocktail menu is a juvenile mess of flavored vodka drinks. Thankfully for hotel guests, Loulay has recently opened in the same building.
Lots of discussion (and many Encoder articles) focus on wheels for mobile robotics. The premise, usually, is how to do it faster, better & cheaper. Here I present another view. How about a full-on custom design that takes painfully long to fabricate and should not be mass-produced by anyone? Think I'm joking? Read on...
This informal article focuses on the creation of wheels for the author's small robot project. Along the way, I'd like to quickly touch on the design criteria that guided me along the way to the solution I finally implemented.
The need for these wheels was driven by the same rules governing all amateur robotics ventures. I need it, I can't afford to pay somebody else to do it, and I need it to work with the rest of the mechanical components in my design. The figure below is presented to have a visual image to keep in mind while considering the design criteria presented below. Think about how each of these criteria might apply to the specifics of this robot! The wheels discussed in this article are clearly visible in the center of this CAD representation.
One of the more important driving aspects of this design came in determining the correct size of the wheels. This simple parameter is one of the most often (in my opinion) over looked design criteria in designing mobile platforms. Following, I present a free form roughly associated list of design criteria. If you take a minute to read through them carefully, hopefully, you will be able to draw the causal links between the associated members and see the importance that wheel size really carries.
Wheel mounting. Shaft in hole in plastic or bearings? Thrust Bearings? How much torque will be lost due to the gear train. 1/2? More?
Wheel splaying? Inward tracks true when traveling straight, Outwards turns better. Dynamic with spring suspension? Transmission of power to and from splayed wheels?
Encoder mounting? To motor (small gear ratio in drive train) To wheel(large gear reduction, lots of slop)? Tach?
Drive train: Belts, chains, Gears, Direct drive? Top speed available after gear train? Tooth pitch if toothed belts or chain used. In larger robots, tooth loading for gears and chain sprockets. Torque/power transmission ratings of chain, belts, gears etc.
Mounting of drive train and motors? Screws? Hot glue? Nylon Straps? Rubber Bands? Can the mounting system be taken apart and reassembled with ease?
Torque requirements of motor? At speed? do they provide any torque at the speed I want to operate with? I.E will they be able to climb a ramp at speed? Acceleration speed. 0.8 G? Continuous Duty? Reversible? DC? Brush wear?
Battery life when running 2, 4 .. X motors at X amps. Yeah, it works great, but it only runs for five minutes before I've got to recharge the batteries. Battery Size? Battery Weight? (can the small motors I've chosen move these huge batteries?)
Construction time frame? 1 day, week, month, year? Can I actually finish the work myself or will I need to outsource some of the fabrication for this design?
Do you address each of these criteria when designing or is it more of the, 'round wheels roll' idea? Food for thought...
The only premise I'd like to really put forward with this article is to point of that amongst the free association above, cost and availability come last. When designing a robot for personal interest, why not design exactly what you want, and worry about where the money comes from later? Worst case you may find yourself having to fabricate a special screw or retaining ring, because the exact one you want/need does not exist. When it's your personal project such eccentricities are acceptable.
In my personal design regime I always build a complete CAD model first to check fit and function. Later the CAD modeled parts are used as the basis for the generation of CNC code used in fabrication. Quite often when working with assemblies of five or more pieces this invaluable step identifies fit / clearance problems and saves time and money. Much of this work can be done on engineering paper as well, but becomes more complex when the parts have interactions / interfaces in three dimensions.
In the design presented below, you may note, that aesthetics should be worked somewhere into the list above. Buried in the support column are four bearings to support both radial and axial forces. There are two needle thrust bearings and two radial bearings as this design uses an offset single sided support system for the main axle. The main section of the wheel (rims) are made in two halves that bolt together with #6-32's to locate the tire. While manufacturing the toothed belt pulley I cut a six-inch log and then 'lopped' off the sections you see here. Note the correct angle has been cut onto both the leading and trailing edge of each tooth.
With the above said, I present a few photo's of the wheel's I've built for my personal robot. These wheels are NOT cheap to make, fast to make, nor are they mass producible! But they are what I wanted, and pretty cool!
I went ahead and cut back on the size of these pictures in order to make them a little faster to download. Unfortunately this looses a bunch of the detail present in the original. Sorry...
The pair of these wheels took about six weeks to design. Much of this takes into account the massive number of iterations put into going through the design criteria listed in the free form association above. The actual time spent on the computer in CAD software boiled down to about three days as aesthetically, I went through several revisions. From the time I hit the machine shop until I had a pair of finished parts took another full three weeks. Unfortunately, I've got a 60+ hour a week (sometimes much more) day job that really slows this kind of work down.
Is it right? Is it horribly wrong? Should I have bought a set at the hobby shop? I'm not attempting to answer that one just presenting my solution to a design problem, as it's vastly different from the solutions provided by others up to this point.
I wrote this article nearly two years ago and must apologize, as I've never taken the time to finish it. As such this has been presented in it's informal, unfinished state, but I hope the article has inspired you to take a moment or two to stop and think about designing something closer to what you want for your design at the expense of getting it done in a hurry. |
When technology and design meshes, the end result is nothing short of spectacular. Case in point the Klink and Osse TV lift which maintains the beautiful aesthetics of your home and also ensures that you are not deprived of a home entertainment system. What makes the Klink and Osse TV lift different from other home entertainment consoles is its top sliding mechanism which easily hides a lcd led or plasma TV up to 47-50 inch in low boards of only 45cm height and also hangs the flatscreen at an ideal viewing height. According to the manufacturer’s website, the flatscreen TV lift can be quickly installed and it supports most of the brands available today on the market. The TV, video and audio cables are hidden inside the TV lift so that one live a wire free existence and installation isn’t too hard either.
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Everything went OK with with the compiling and installation. (I'm Using Python 3.7.0 in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS)
But, when I copy the pydemo.py and pydemoplugin.py from the sources examples to my designer plugin subfolderfolder "python" (as you can see, my Qt installation is on my profile root), I received the following error:
But is suppose that now sip is over PyQt5.sip don't know why the libpyqt5.so is importing directly "sip".
To fix this, I though that installing SIP again but with the default module will solve the problem, indeed, it install the sip.so library as older versions, however, after that I receive the following error when running the designer:
> Everything went OK with with the compiling and installation. (I'm Using Python 3.7.0 in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS)
> But, when I copy the pydemo.py and pydemoplugin.py from the sources examples to my designer plugin subfolderfolder "python" (as you can see, my Qt installation is on my profile root), I received the following error:
> But is suppose that now sip is over PyQt5.sip don't know why the libpyqt5.so is importing directly "sip".
> To fix this, I though that installing SIP again but with the default module will solve the problem, indeed, it install the sip.so library as older versions, however, after that I receive the following error when running the designer:
Fallacies or rhetorical tricks deceive your audience with their style, drama, or pattern, but add little to your document in terms of substance they are best avoided because they can actually detract from your effectiveness. People often use fallacies in arguments, usually without knowing it being able to identify fallacies is an important critical thinking skill find a letter to the editor in a paper or online and see if you can identify any of the ten fallacies discussed in this chapter. To make sure your ad wins some ad auctions and is shown to your target audience, facebook might have to compensate your ad's low estimated action rate by increasing your bid (if you have chosen automatic bid.
In any context, including academic debate, a conversation among friends, political discourse, advertising, or for comedic purposes, the arguer may use fallacious reasoning to try to persuade the listener or reader, by means other than offering relevant evidence, that the conclusion is true. Ask students to reflect on how they feel about the fallacies used in ads and how their message may impact the intended audience journal assignment or class discussion have students respond to the following questions in a journal or as a class discussion. Many amateur rhetors think of debate as an us-versus-them sort of affair, and that the readers who disagree are the enemy whose inferior arguments must be ground into the dirt accordingly, they mistakenly believe that ridiculing or attacking these mistaken beliefs is the most effective way to win the argument. As with television, magazine advertisements focus on the visual presentation the photo, the colors used, the font type selected — those choices make a huge difference in the unwritten message a magazine ad sends to readers.
A major element of advertising are the words used to attract the reader's attention, describe the product, and persuade the reader to buy however, the way advertising can use words can often be described as less than ethical. Write for your audience in our academy post, how to use data to improve your content marketing strategy , we talked about the importance of knowing your audience this is probably the most important aspect of your blog, and if you're not writing with your audience in mind already, now's the time to start. Readers aren't going to treat your ad like a novel and sit down for a long read you have only 10 to 15 seconds to get your reader's attention and appraise him or her of the unique value of your product or service. Outdoor advertising reaches a mass audience and delivers a one-to-many interaction, which complements and increases the impact of a mobile advertising campaign out-of-home advertising designs are meant to be short, which is perfect for pointing users to a website or app on a mobile device and increasing overall traffic. Magazine advertising effectiveness in the united states between july 2015 to june 2016, by position magazine advertising effectiveness in the us in 2016, by position.
Readers can easily skip past newspaper advertisements, but linear radio is intrusive and breaks through with your message arbitron/media monitors/coleman research's 2011 what happens when the spots come on found that radio retains 93% of its lead-in audience during commercial breaks. Commercial and print ads use some form of appeal to reach potential customers advertisers use appeal to influence a customer to purchase a product or support a cause. As a final point, in many cases it will be difficult to distinguish an appeal to emotion from some other fallacies and in many cases multiple fallacies may be committed for example, many ad hominem s will be very similar to appeals to emotion and, in some cases, both fallacies will be committed. Advertising was the use of signs as a visual expression of the tradesman‟s function and a means of locating the source of goods this method is still in common use. Definition of logos logos is a greek word meaning logic logos is a literary device that can be defined as a statement, sentence, or argument used to convince or persuade the targeted audience by employing reason or logic.
Content is still marketing's reigning king and that means blogging should be a top priority for b2b marketers in 2018 as you plan your content for the rest of the quarter (or next quarter), it's beneficial to take a look at recent data to get a better picture of the current state of b2b blogging. What this handout is about this handout discusses common logical fallacies that you may encounter in your own writing or the writing of others. Effective advertising reaches potential customers and informs them of your products or services ideally, advertising should capture the prospective customers attentions attention and entice them to use your product regardless of the method, all your advertising should be clear and consistently.
The statistic presents information on the number of people magazine readers in the united states in march 2015, by platform the magazine reached 2392 million readers over the mobile web. About lee odden @leeodden is the ceo of toprank marketing and editor of online marketing blog cited for his expertise by the economist, forbes and the wall street journal, he's the author of the book optimize and presents internationally on integrated content, search, social media and influencer marketing. However, because campaigns heighten distaste for political advertising, the net effect is to boost the relative appeal of commercial advertising thus, exposure to political campaigns enlarges the contrast between commercial and political advertising.
First, logical fallacies are wrong and, simply put, dishonest if you use them knowingly second, they take away from the strength of your argument finally, the use of logical fallacies can make your readers feel that you do not consider them to be very intelligent. Use audience members or assistants to hold, distribute, display and manage visual aids this ensures that the speaker does not lose momentum and does not interrupt the flow of the presentation too often. As noted in a hubspot article, display advertising is the least effective form of online advertising according to their data, an average click-through rate for display ads is 01% according to their data, an average click-through rate for display ads is 01.
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Rabbi Katz has done it again. Only this time it is worse. He has repeated his vile and untrue accusations that it is widespread for Lakewood poskim to pasken that גזל עכו”ם is permissible and hence such גזילה is widespread in the community. He has repeated his wild theory that this is because they are stuck on some psak in the past that says that it is mutar. This is because, in his mind, they have a fossilized approach to halacha. Having found their Rishonim (who say it is assur but still…), they are now impervious to any changes both in their environment and in the halacha that were established at the time of the Rishonim. This is all a figment of his malicious imagination.
To condemn an entire community, as if they are all busy setting up shell companies, funneling money through relatives and the like in the secular press – that is beyond the pale.[1] To do it without substantiation is a malicious, libelous accusation. Yet, he claims in his response to me that, “It was merely the musings of a soul that perpetually searches for divine truth that, on the surface, seems elusive and out of reach.”
The reason I am addressing your remarks (now for the second time) is not because of anything personal. We have never met. It is because you did great damage. You attacked an entire Torah community to a secular audience and an audience that includes many non-Jews. In the end of the day, they will not make the fine distinctions you wish to make. They will all be turned against Torah. I am not sure whether that damage can be undone. This is serious stuff.
I feel constrained to address your remarks in the hopes that you won’t ever do this again. I hope you understand and respond accordingly with your own regret and teshuvah.
This is now the third time that Rabbi Katz has brought up such issues. In an earlier article, he accused the Torah world of being “small, purist, and exclusionary.” Rabbi Katz felt that this awful indictment needed also to be delivered to a predominantly secular Jewish and non-Jewish readership. (Again in The Times of Israel). And this from a man who can only dream of doing as much outreach to the non-Orthodox world and teach them as much Torah as the “exclusionary” targets of his vile.
But Rabbi Katz’s העזת פנים is not done. He states further in that article that “My deep love for the Jewish community forces me to cast my lot with the second group (who are open, inclusive, and creative.” So, Rabbi Katz is now the outreach man! Beware of those lovers of the Jewish community whose poisonous pen they direct against just those they should feel the most love for!
Back to Lakewood. Rabbi Katz’s footnote purports to show that the positions of many Rishonim and Achronim are the basis for allowing Lakewood poskim to posit that gezel akum is permissible. Yet not a single source he quotes says that it is mutar. They all say clearly that it is אסור. How did he get it so wrong? How did he manage to come up with: “The authoritative status of the lenient opinions towards gezel akum has a very strong basis in halakha, it is a view held by many of the classical Rishonim and Achronim”?! and “An unadulterated read of halakha may in fact permit this kind of cheating. Many poskim assert that gezel akum (stealing from idolaters) is technically mutar.”
To understand how much poor scholarship went into the footnote, you can read the Appendix at the end of this article where I show that R. Katz’s “learned” presentation is at best irresponsible scholarship (especially for a person serving as Chair, Department of Talmud and Director of the Lindenbaum Center for Halakhic Studies at Chovevei.) And at worst, he aggravated and caused a Chillul H’, a most serious transgression.
Rabbi Katz, without retracting anything he wrote in the first Lakewood article, now writes that what he meant by saying stealing is “technically” permitted by many Rishonim and Achronim was that, according to them, this was not the סיבת האיסור. (He doesn’t quite manage to get those words out, but that is his intent.) Now remember that Rabbi Katz was writing to a secular audience. So, I showed his original sentence to some students of mine and asked them what they thought the author meant. All of them said the same thing. “Technically” permitted means that it is permitted but is not in the spirit of the law. But that is not what those commentators Rabbi Katz quotes in his footnote say! They say it is forbidden because of חילול ד’ – as a Torah prohibition, or מדרבנן, for various reasons. Rabbi Katz, you are being dishonest when you communicate something which clearly means one thing, and then, when you are caught on that, say that it means another. You are being dishonest if you don’t clearly retract the fact that you stated “An unadulterated read of halakha may in fact permit this kind of cheating” and instead try to fudge it. (I have shown in the Appendix how poor this attempt is.)
Anyone reading this would understand that essentially the איסור is only a חומרא. But Rabbi Katz again means by this that the סיבת האיסור is not לא תגזול or לא תעשוק. The underlying reason that Rabbi Katz plays with acceptable definitions is beyond exploration right now, but it reflects a part of a radical new approach to Judaism that is not within the consensus. To do this, he needs a new vocabulary. Torah Jews are now branded as “originalists” by R. Katz’s slight of pen that goes a long way to reveal the Open Orthodox movement’s agenda.
But it gets worse. Because, according to Rabbi Katz, if the סיבת האיסור of גזילה is because of חילול ד’ (or if it is דרבנן) then “it is not considered prohibited stealing and therefore one only needs to refrain from doing it for secondary reasons.” The Gra says that the prohibition of stealing from a non-Jew is because of חילול ד’. Ah! He does not say that it is because of the prohibition of stealing. But actually, חילול ד’ is worse than the prohibition of stealing. Stealing is a straight לאו. The Rambam states that we receive atonement on Yom Kippur for a straight לאו. But for חילול ד’ we only get a final כפרה upon our death.
And what, Rabbi Katz, will you do with the Tosefta which says that stealing from a non-Jew is WORSE than stealing from a Jew, because of the חילול ד’ involved!
Rabbeinu Bachaya explains that when one steals from a fellow Jew, his fellow Jew blames only him, not G-d. But when one steals from a non-Jew, the non-Jew questions the entire faith of the Jewish people as well as their Torah. (Similarly, one who does not return a lost article to a non-Jew in a place where the majority population is Jewish will cause the non-Jew to say, אין אמונה בישראל.) “Secondary reasons,” Rabbi Katz?
The ספר חסידים tells us that the גדולים wrote that they have seen with their own eyes that those people who gained from the mistakes of non-Jews did not succeed and lost their possessions as well. By contrast, those who were מקדש שם שמים and returned טעות עכו”ם became successful, affluent, and left much wealth to their descendants.
In contrast, according to R. Katz, the license to steal is rooted in a sense of superiority to the non-Jew. How could any honest reading of these sources lead to that conclusion?
I suggest that R. Katz go and read the Shaarei Teshuva, beginning of Shaar Gimmel where he talks about the implications of disobeying a rabbinic mitzvah.
The Ramban writes on Chumash about the reasons for the mitzvos in general (to מתקן our own midos, etc.). According to R. Katz, when, this shows a disdain for our fellow Jew, for the סיבת האיסור is not for the intrinsic value of the Jew we are giving to, but rather for our own benefit. Similarly, all the mitzvos relating to צער בעלי חיים. According to the Ramban, it is not because of the intrinsic worth of the animal but rather to develop our sensitivity towards the animal. According to R. Katz, God is introducing a moral insensitivity to the animal world.
Rabbi Katz, let me ask you a question. The Gemorrah cites two לא תעשה’s to prohibit גזילה – לא תגזול and לא תעשוק רעך. These overlap, though the Gemorrah already discusses their possible differences. There are also potentially two עשה’s involved as well. לא תעשוק רעך prima facie excludes non-Jews, because it says רעך. לא תגזול doesn’t. Would we then say that לא תעשוק teaches us that non-Jews are inferior (since there are places where the two don’t overlap) while לא תגזול teaches us the opposite? Clearly, no-one can learn Gemorrah with this kind of philosophizing and come out with the right conclusions. In fact, I could write a whole book on the absurdities that would arise from such an approach.
The distortions emerging from Rabbi Katz’s approach arise because he came with an agenda. He shot an arrow and then proceeded to draw the target by looking for “proofs” that would back him up. This reminds me of the early Conservative writers. They would decide something like, “It is permissible to drive to shul on Shabbat.” Sure enough, someone would then go and write a detailed teshuvah with a lot of sources to show just this. Of course, we know that this was false scholarship; that the conclusions did not emerge from a reading of the sources. But we knew what target they were going to draw in advance!
With that in mind, let’s repeat R. Katz initial assertion: “An unadulterated read of halakha may in fact permit this kind of cheating. Many poskim assert that gezel akum (stealing from idolaters) is technically mutar.”
The problem that R Katz is facing is that no one, not one Rishon, says that such stealing is mutar. And the pashtus of the majority of them is that it is an איסור דאורייתא. Moreover, the entire שלשלת ההלכה from the time of the Shulchan Aruch pasken that it is assur – the Mechaber, the Rama, the Shach, the Nesivos, the Gra, the Sma, the Chacham Tzvi, the Aruch HaShulchan – all the discussion is only about what this or that Rishon holds the סיבת האיסור is. And it is clear from the Shulchan Aruch, the Gra and others that this is an issur Deoraaisa. (See Appendix for full discussion.)
So, Rabbi Katz is making a fantastic claim about Lakewood rabbis permitting such a thing. He is saying that they made something up – here are his words: “It is also true that the opinions that believe that gezel akum is “technically” mutar have normative status in my native community (the community in which I grew up),” and “The refusal by the poskim to emphatically promote the stringent opinions that prohibit gezel akum is undoubtedly informed, at least partially, by philosophical attitudes about “others” and theological notions about the immutability of halakha.”
According to R. Katz, the Lakewood poskim rely on a תמיה-dik Rashi, the dochek פשט of the Kesef Mishneh on the Rambam, the Bach on the Tur, etc. – all not accepted by the mainstream שלשלת הפסק (see Appendix below). But, even these approaches say that stealing from a non-Jew is prohibited. According to R. Katz, since they don’t say that such stealing is prohibited as a Torah prohibition of לא תגזול, “and therefore one only needs to refrain from doing it for secondary reasons”, like חילול ד’, the Lakewood rabbanim are able to take the leap and say thatגזל עכו”ם is מותר altogether! After all, “There are those who say “technically” gezel akum is mutar, meaning that it is not considered prohibited stealing.” Even Rabbi Katz’s weak scholarship cannot make that leap without a sinister motive.
The tragedy of all this is that I suspect Rabbi Katz is capable of learning up these sugiyas properly. Rabbi Katz wants to get to, “They do not believe that psak is a process whereby nuances are crystalized over the course of many years” as if there is no שלשלת הפסק amongst these poskim. How sobering to see what happens when someone with an agenda applies that to לימוד התורה!
So far off the edge has this man gone that he claims not to know what I am talking about. “I, therefore, am at a loss when it comes to making sense of your implied critique…” Let’s see, a man claims that “Chareidi poskim,” (no longer just Lakewood poskim) “many of whom are resolutely wedded to an originalist approach to halakha on this matter,” are simply inclined to ignore a clear and undisputed psak of the Shulchan Aruch, because of a new label. They are “originalists!”
Having failed as a למדן, Rabbi Katz tries his hand at sociology. This is his attempt. He is going to make a vicious claim against an entire community and its poskim – that they widely support גזל עכו”ם. He won’t be able to bring a shred of evidence, because it is all kept oral. But should someone defend them, this will be so baffling to him that it must be that said person doesn’t know the community well enough. All those tens and tens of beautiful families I know in Lakewood, it is all a front. Secretly, they steal from goyim! In his words about me:
“At the same time, I am surprised by your seeming ignorance as to the normative nature … of the opinions that say that gezel akum is “technically” mutar.”
And….“[your] dislike of liberal Orthodoxy made it impossible for you to take my words at face value.”
Rabbi Katz’s evidence? None. Remember what happens to you if you ask for any: You are out of touch and biased. Remember that all this is enough for Rabbi Katz to publically condemn the Lakewood community (and all those of their ilk) to a secular and non-Jewish audience!
A miniscule percentage of a certain tzibur sins. Its poskim and rabbanim publically condemn their behavior. But you, Rabbi Katz, know that what was behind this was a particular approach to psak, an entire approach, backed up by it leaders and thinkers and you go public.
Rabbi, in the social sciences, there is a rule. You can have a hunch and all sorts of theories. But if you want to go public you had better have evidence. Otherwise, keep your hunches to yourself.
Okay, so Rabbi Katz is not a lamdan. He is certainly not a sociologist. So, perhaps he is a philosopher.
“‘How could people with such high religious standards commit these inexcusable crimes’ we wonder. The jurisprudential philosophy of this community could at least partially explain this conundrum.
“The seemingly blasé attitude towards stealing from the government is partially informed by the belief that halakha is static; that its meaning and application do not at all change through perpetual clarification and constant crystallization.”
The approach to Judaism of the Lakewood world is that: “allowing halakha to accommodate human moral intuition could jeopardize the absoluteness and religious supremacy of halakha.” is “an originalist approach toward halakha.” What happened in Lakewood, “plausibly accentuates the pitfalls of such an approach to psak.”
The solution? Rabbi Katz wants “halakha to accommodate human moral intuition.” Rabbi Katz stays clear of uttering anything more than abstract babbling on the subject, his only example seems our case at hand, i.e. that he with his moral intuition was able to understand that the halacha says that גזל עכו”ם is אסור but the Lakewooders, who lack this, couldn’t figure this out!
But we already know of many other instances of Open Orthodoxy, of which R. Katz is a leader, where people use their moral intuition: on intermarriage, on whether the miracles of the Exodus really took place, and many others. For Open Orthodoxy, intuition is a referee for influencing what should or should not be Torah. In this light, R. Katz’s pathetic attempt to learn a sugiya is directly guided by his moral intuition.
So, Rabbi Katz is not a lamdan. He is no sociologist. And now we see that he is no philosopher. What he is – a spokesman of a dangerous and distorted approach to Judaism – is something outside of the Torah consensus. Rabbi Katz states that I misrepresented his “understanding of the halakhic process” – a view which he maintains is “held by many, perhaps even most, Modern Orthodox thinkers.” This is outrageous. Rabbi Katz, let me be clear. There is no daylight between myself and my Modern Orthodox colleagues on everything that I have written above.
You have damned the people of Lakewood. You have damned their rabbis. By implication you have damned the great rabbis who guide those rabbis in turn. You have done injustice to an audience that will react by feeling further away from Torah as a result.
Instead of your libelous and condemnatory remarks about the Lakewood community, here are the facts. The community is overall shocked. Their rabbanim condemned the theft. They all adhere to the Shulchan Aruch/Ramah who state unambiguously that it is forbidden to steal from a non-Jew. Those who stole represent a minuscule percentage of the population.
“An unadulterated read of halakha may in fact permit this kind of cheating. Many poskim assert that gezel akum (stealing from idolaters) is technically mutar. And almost all of them believe that cheating idolaters is allowed.” (R. Katz, first article)
Rabbi Katz has climbed down from his tree on טעות עכו”ם. Nor did he mention in his second article his first sentence quoted here, the most problematic one, that “an unadulterated read of halakha may in fact permit this kind of cheating.” But the whole point of both his first and second articles was that Lakewood poskim pasken that גזל עכו”ם is מותר based on these opinions.
In his second article, Rabbi Katz redefines what he means by “technically mutar” i.e. that if the סיבת האיסור is not because of לא תגזול then it is technically מותר. But what Rabbi Katz has inadvertently done – and he was forced to do so by the halachik facts – is to make his claim even more absurd. Now, the Lakewood poskim, according to him, pasken that גזל עכו”ם is mutar even though all opinions say that it is assur. In short, Rabbi Katz cannot make any opinion say what he wants them to say.
But I was bothered by something else as well. Despite Rabbi Katz’s impressive bekius, he presents an accumulation of errors – be they of judgment, or proportion, or selectivity – which together misrepresent what the mainstream Torah opinions say.
First, one has to get the sugiya right. The issue is that some Lakewood families are accused of stealing from the government. True, that is an issue of גזל עכו”ם. But it is also an issue of דינא דמלכותא דינא, which he failed to mention at all. And it is much worse than cheating on taxes. The three greatest poskim of our age, Rav Feinstein, Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach and Rav Shalom Elyashiv all paskened that it is prohibited to cheat on your taxes in America. The question of permissibility in our case does not begin. Actively soliciting undeserved moneys from the government is much worse than stealing on your taxes. So let me repeat, since R. Katz did not get my comment the first time around: No posek – none – allows what the couples in Lakewood are currently accused of.
Secondly, one has to quote what is the main highway of the sugiya before one begins quoting unusual pirushim. There are two main sugiyas in the Bavli on גזל עכו”ם of which the sugiya in Bava Kama (דף קיג עמא-ב) is the עיקר. We pasken like Rebbe Akiva there who says that גזל עכו”ם is אסור. The vast majority of the Rishonim say that גזל עכו”ם is Deoraaisa. This was lacking from Rabbi Katz’s presentation.
Thirdly, you have to avoid mixing up Rishonim and Achronim and quoting them all as one cholent. The Achronim are responding to the Rishonim and they do not have equal status. Once again, the vast majority of Achronim – the Mechaber, the Rama, the Shach, the Beis Shmuel, the Nesivos, the Gra, the Sma, the Chacham Tzvi, the Aruch HaShulchan and many more – say גזל עכו”ם is Deoraaisa.
Fourthly, if a Rishon has a פשטות of understanding according to the majority but there is also some Acharon who understands this Rishon in an unusual way, then one has to lay out the main way of understanding that Rishon before quoting the unusual פשטים. One has to know what is a דוחק pshat and what is not. This would apply to the Bach’s understanding of the opinion of the Tur as being only דרבנן – which he only made because otherwise he thought that the Tur contradicts himself. But this is not the normal way we understand the Tur. And, in any case, the Tur is not talking about the איסור of גזילה there, he is talking about לא תעשו עול במדה ובמשפט.
This would also apply to the Kesef Mishneh’s understanding of the Rambam. Firstly, it is disingenuous of Rabbi Katz to quote the Bach and the Kesef Mishneh as part of the same proof, because it is pashut to the Bach that the Rambam holds that גזל עכו”ם is דאורייתא (which is what forced him to say that the Tur must hold otherwise) whereas the כסף משנה says that the Rambam holds that גזל עכו”ם is דרנבנן.
The Kesef Mishneh we know as Rav Yosef Karo. In his Beis Yosef he seems to hold that the Rambam holds that גזל עכו”ם is מדאוריייתא and he certainly doesn’t give his pshat in the כסף משנה any credence in his psak in the Shulchan Aruch. It does not seem consistent with other places in the Rambam. And it is not consistent with how most other meforshim understand the Rambam.
Rabbi Katz does something else here, subtle and manipulative. The opinions that say the Rambam holds that גזל עכו”ם is דאורייתא are not mentioned by name at all, whereas those who hold that the Rambam says that גזל עכו”ם is דרבנן are quoted in detail. This focuses one’s attention on the latter and doesn’t allow one to properly asses the issue.
Then there is Rashi, one of only two Rishonim who say clearly that גזל עכו”ם is דרבנן. (The other is the Ran.( The Gra says that Rashi is a תמיה. The שו”ת חוט המשולש agrees with the Gra. In fact, the חוט המשולש goes further. He rejects the understanding of the Maharshal on Rashi – and shows that learning like this would lead to this Rashi contradicting himself in Bava Kama. He proves that Rashi in Sanhedrin only meant to say his opinion according to one מאן דאמר.
The Maharshal paskens like Rashi. But the words of the Maharshal are seen as תמוהין מאד in the eyes of the חכם צבי, (not just האריך להקשות as Rabbi Katz downplayed it) and he left out the reason that the Maharshal was so difficult to the הר צבי. And yes, the מהרש”ל has his defenders, but once again, the balance of the presentation did not reflect the overall balance of opinions fairly.
The custom is, Rabbi, to quote exact sources. Not just the דף but the עמוד. Not just the עמוד but the דברי המתחיל. In an exceptionally long תשובה in particular, you need to cite the דברי המתחיל of the paragraph. If the language of the quoted source is not crystal clear you need to bring it and comment what the דיוק is. Your piece is so full of these problems – sometimes with just the person quoted and no source at all! – that it is not only poor scholarship, but it is designed to make it extremely difficult for anyone to independently verify what you are saying. This approach is not transparent.
One also has to understand and explain each quoted source properly. Rabbi Katz, the Minchas Chinuch is coming to מחדש a distinction between גניבה and גזילה – and hence what he says about גניבה cannot be used for גזילה.
Most notably you were misleading about the Meiri. The Meiri makes it clear that even the opinion in the Gemorrah which we don’t pasken like, who says that גזל עכו”ם is מותר, would agree that today (in his time and onwards) it is an איסור דאורייתא. But you wrote “”וכן הוא דעת הר”ן והמאירי שם, i.e. that the Meiri holds that גזל עכו”ם is only דרבנן. The Meiri only held that for עכו”ם mamash, who lived in the time of חז”ל. Astonishingly, he says that we are even חייב in השבת אבידה to non-Jews of our time. He states that: |
Our horses being Scattered we were detained unill 8 A. M before we Set out. we proceeded on down Willards Creek on the S. W. Side about 11 miles near which the Creek passes through the mountain [9] we then Steared S. 20° E. to the West branch of Jeffersons river in Snake Indian cove about 7 miles and halded two hours to let the horses graize. [10] after dinner we proceeded on down the forke which is here but Small 9 Miles to our encampment of 17 Augt. [11] at which place we Sunk our Canoes & buried Some articles, as before mentioned the most of the Party with me being Chewers of Tobacco become So impatient to be chewing it that they Scercely gave themselves time to take their Saddles off their horses before they were off to the deposit. I found every article Safe, except a little damp. [12] I gave to each man who used tobacco about two feet off a part of a role took one third of the ballance myself and put up ⅔ in a box to Send down with the most of the articles which had been left at this place, by the Canoes this evening. I examined them and found then all Safe except one of the largest which had a large hole in one Side & Split in bow. The Country through which we passed to day was diversified high dry and uneaven Stoney open plains and low bottoms very boggy [13] with high mountains on the tops and North sides of which there was Snow, great quantities of the species of hysoop [14] & shrubs common to the Missouri plains are Scattered in those Vallys and hill Sides. The road which we have traveled from travellers rest Creek to this place an excellent road. [15] and with only a few trees being cut out of the way would be an excellent waggon road one Mountain of about 4 miles over excepted which would require a little digging The distance is 164 Miles—. Sheilds killed an antelope [NB: this place is the head of Jeffer river where we left our canoes] [16]
Tuesday 8th July 1806. a clear cold morning & hard frost. we Set out eairly with our horses and proceed. on over this large extensive plains. crossed Several large creeks Saw elk & deers and goats or antelopes. our course abt. South Struck the trail of the party at about 12 miles we come to a boiling hot Spring [18] at the edge of this plains which is large and handsom we halted a fiew minutes at this Spring found a peace of vinison in it well boiled which we expect the party left for us. we eat it. I drank Some of the water found it well tasted but So hot [19] that I cannot hold my hand in a Second of time. it fairly boils out of the ground in Sundry places &C. we proceeded on crossd a creek [20] near Sd. Springs and kept our course abt. South up a creek on which Saw many beaver dams &C. about noon we dined at the head of the creek near the dividing ridge. [21] then crossd the ridge about one mile and came on a creek running South, which we expect is a branch of jeffersons river followed down it 10 or 12 mls. and crossed an other ridge and came in the valley & on the east fork of jeffersons river. followed down on the trail of the party a Short distance and Camped [22] at dark on the branch of the creek. hobbled the unruley horses and lay down to Sleep fatigued rideing upwards of 40 miles this day. and nothing to eat this evening but the head of a goat or antelope which the party had droped on the road.—
Tuesday 8th. The morning was pleasant with some white frost. We started early and proceeded on nearly north; saw several deer, cabre and wolves in the plains, and after going three miles and a half passed Torrent creek, [23] a large creek that runs into Medicine river. Shortly after we passed this creek we went off the path or trail, travelled straight across the plains, and in about fifteen miles struck Medicine river, [24] close above the forks where we halted for dinner; and one of our hunters killed a deer and a cabre. In the afternoon we proceeded down Medicine river nine miles; and, having come, in the whole to day twenty eight miles encamped [25] for the night; and found the musketoes very troublesome.
2. Dearborn River, in Lewis and Clark County, which they named on July 18, 1805. Reaching it so far above its juntion with the Missouri, where they had first seen it, Lewis apparently did not recognize it at first and called it Torrant River. It was apparently Biddle who wrote in the substitution in dark ink. (back)
4. Elk Creek (faintly noted on fig. 4), a branch of Sun River, Lewis and Clark's Medicine River, in Lewis and Clark County. (back)
6. On an island in Sun River, between Lewis and Clark and Cascade counties, just north of Montana Highway 21 (see fig. 4). (back)
7. The rock underlying this area is the Two Medicine Formation; it is composed primarily of alternating layers of sandstone and shale. The gravel occupies river terraces and is mostly outwash that was deposited during the later part of the Pleistocene glaciations. The sandy soil of these plains allows water to percolate downward rapidly so that only hardy, deep-rooted, drought-resistant plants can survive. (back)
9. Clark headed southeasterly down Divide Creek in Beaverhead County, Montana, to a point west of present Bannack, where the creek turns east to join Grasshopper Creek (the lower part of Lewis and Clark's Willard's Creek), which goes on east to join the Beaverhead (Jefferson River to the captains). Atlas map 67 shows the route as a rather faint dotted line; it is much clearer on Atlas maps 103, 104. (back)
10. Clark now headed southerly following roughly the present route of a local road south from Bannack through the gap that leads into the captains' Shoshone (or "Snake indian") Cove to Horse Prairie Creek (the "West branch of Jeffersons river"). Lewis had first entered the valley on August 10, 1805. Clark paused on Horse Prairie Creek a few miles east of present Grant in Beaverhead County. Atlas maps 67, 103, 104. (back)
11. He went down Horse Prairie Creek to the forks of the Beaverhead River and camped at Camp Fortunate, where the party had first stopped on August 17, 1805, on the east bank of the Beaverhead just below the forks in Beaverhead County, a site now under Clark Canyon Reservoir just above the dam. Here Clark's party remained until July 10. Atlas map 104. "Fortunate Camp" appears on Atlas map 66. (back)
12. For this cache, see Lewis's entries for August 20, 21, and 22, 1805. Although Clark says everything was safe, only one plant specimen (golden currant) remains of those which were cashed here. That includes all those collected between the Great Falls and Camp Fortunate. The dampness may have caused the rest to mildew. Cutright (LCPN), 329. (back)
13. After descending from the divide between Big Hole River and Grasshopper Creek, Clark's party traveled principally across Tertiary sedimentary deposits and passed by several areas of Tertiary volcanic rocks. The boggy bottoms were along Grasshopper Creek and Horse Prarie Creek. (back)
15. At this point Clark inserted his courses and distances for the day; after them he continued his text, repeating the word "road." For convenience of reading we have continued the text and placed the courses and distances at the end of the entry. (back)
16. Biddle placed his interlineation in a large blank space at the bottom of p. 59 in Codex M. (back)
17. A reference to the trail west through Shoshone (or Snake Indian) Cove over Lemhi Pass to the valley of the Lemhi River ("East Fork of Lewis R" on Atlas map 67). See entries for August 1805. (back)
21. They are following Clark's route up Governor Creek and Bull Creek, roughly parallel to Montana Highway 278 in Beaverhead County, then crossed through Big Hole Pass. (back)
22. After leaving Big Hole Pass, the men reached Divide Creek and followed it a distance before getting on Grasshopper Creek, a branch of the Beaverhead (Jefferson) River, as Ordway surmised. They camped on an affluent of Grasshopper Creek, to the west and maybe south of Bannack, Beaverhead County. (back)
23. In fact, this was Dearborn River, Lewis and Clark County, Montana, although they did not recognize it at first, thinking it a tributary of Sun River, their Medicine River. (back)
25. On an island in Sun River, between Lewis and Clark and Cascade counties, Montana, just north of Montana Highway 21. (back)
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For the domestic market, the Ca Mau Cape tourism site focuses on providing sightseeing opportunities, natural landscape exploration and tours of the sea and islands.
This will be the core zone with a focus on the development of the whole tourism site with tourist works, services and entertainment centres, plus ecological resorts in the mangrove forest./. - VNA
Akkineni Nagarjuna (born 29 August 1950) is an Indian film actor, film producer and businessman. He has received nine state Nandi Awards, three Filmfare Awards South and a National Film Award-Special Mention. In 1996 he produced Ninne Pelladata, which has garnered the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu for that year.
Bopomofo is a Unicode block containing phonetic characters for Chinese. The original set of 40 Bopomofo characters is based on the Chinese standard GB 2312. Additional Bopomofo characters can be found in the Bopomofo Extended block.
The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Bopomofo block:
Florence Onyebuchi "Buchi" Emecheta OBE (21 July 1944 – 25 January 2017) was a Nigerian-born British novelist, based in the UK from 1962,[1] who also wrote plays and autobiography, as well as work for children. She was the author of more than 20 books, including Second-Class Citizen (1974), The Bride Price (1976), The Slave Girl (1977) and The Joys of Motherhood (1979).
Her themes of child slavery, motherhood, female independence and freedom through education gained recognition from critics and honours. Emecheta once described her stories as "stories of the world…[where]… women face the universal problems of poverty and oppression, and the longer they stay, no matter where they have come from originally, the more the problems become identical." She has been characterized as "the first successful black woman novelist living in Britain after 1948".[2]
Emecheta was born on 21 July 1944, in Lagos, Nigeria, to Igbo parents,[3][4] Alice (Okwuekwuhe) Emecheta and Jeremy Nwabudinke.[5][6] Her father was a railway worker and moulder.[5] Due to the gender bias of the time, the young Buchi Emecheta was initially kept at home while her younger brother was sent to school; but after persuading her parents to consider the benefits of her education, she spent her early childhood at an all-girl's missionary school. When she was nine years old her father died ("of complications brought on by a wound contracted in the swamps of Burma, where he had been conscripted to fight for Lord Louis Mountbatten and the remnants of the British Empire").[7][8] A year later, Emecheta received a full scholarship to Methodist Girls' School, where she remained until the age of 16 when, in 1960, she married Sylvester Onwordi,[4][6] a student to whom she had been engaged since she was 11 years old.[9][10] Later that year, she gave birth to a daughter, and in 1961 their youger son was born.[1]
Onwordi immediately moved to London to attend university and Emecheta joined him there with their first two children in 1962.[1] She gave birth to five children in six years, three daughters and two sons[10] It was an unhappy and sometimes violent marriage (as chronicled in her autobiographical writings such as Second-Class Citizen).[11][1] To keep her sanity, Emecheta wrote in her spare time. However, her husband was deeply suspicious of her writing, and he ultimately burned her first manuscript;[12] she said that in The Bride Price, eventually published in 1976. That would have been her first book but she had to rewrite it after it was destroyed: "There were five years between the two versions."[13] At the age of 22, pregnant with her fifth child, Emecheta left her husband.[14][15] While working to support her children alone, she earned a B.Sc (Hons) degree in Sociology in 1972 from the University of London.[4][14][5] In her 1984 autobiography, Head Above Water she wrote: "As for my survival for the past twenty years in England, from when I was a little over twenty, dragging four cold and dripping babies with me and pregnant with a fifth one—that is a miracle."[16] She went on later to gain her PhD from the university in 1991.[17]
She began writing about her experiences of Black British life in a regular column in the New Statesman,[14] and a collection of these pieces became her first published book in 1972, In the Ditch.[14][4] The semi-autobiographical novel[3] chronicled the struggles of a main character named Adah, who is forced to live in a housing estate while working as a librarian to support her five children.[4] Her second novel published two years later, Second-Class Citizen (Allison and Busby, 1974),[18] also drew on Emecheta's own experiences, and both books were eventually published in one volume by Allison and Busby under the title Adah's Story (1983).[19]
From 1965 to 1969, Emecheta worked as a library officer for the British Museum in London.[5] From 1969 to 1976 she was a youth worker and sociologist for the Inner London Education Authority,[5][20] and from 1976 to 1978 she worked as a community worker in Camden, North London,[3][5] meanwhile continuing to produce further novels with Allison and Busby – The Bride Price (1976), The Slave Girl (1977), The Joys of Motherhood (1979) and Destination Biafra (1982) – as well as the children's books Titch the Cat (1979) and Nowhere To Play (1980).
Following her success as an author, Emecheta travelled widely as a visiting professor and lecturer. She visited several American universities, including Pennsylvania State University, Rutgers University, the University of California, Los Angeles, and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.[5][21] From 1980 to 1981, she was senior resident fellow and visiting professor of English at the University of Calabar, Nigeria.[6] From 1982 to 1983 Emecheta, together with her son Sylvester, ran the Ogwugwu Afor Publishing Company, publishing her own work under the imprint,[14] beginning with Double Yoke (1982).[22] Emecheta received an Arts Council of Great Britain bursary, 1982–83,[3][6] and was one of Granta′s "Best of the Young British Novelists" in 1983.[14] In 1982 she lectured at Yale University, and the University of London,[6] She became a Fellow at the University of London in 1986.[23]
Over the years she worked with many cultural and literary organizations, including the Africa Centre, London, and with the Caine Prize for African Writing as a member of the Advisory Council.[24]
Buchi Emecheta suffered a stroke in 2010,[25][14] and she died in London on 25 January 2017, aged 72.[26][14][18]
Most of her fictional works are focused on sexual discrimination and racial prejudice informed by her own experiences as both a single parent and a black woman living in United Kingdom.[27]
Among honours received during her literary career, Emecheta won the Jock Campbell Award from the New Statesman in 1978 for her novel The Slave Girl,[3][28] and she was on Granta magazine's 1983 list of 20 "Best of Young British Novelists".[28][14][29] She was a member of the British Home Secretary's Advisory Council on Race in 1979.[6]
In September 2004, she appeared in the "A Great Day in London" photograph taken at the British Library, featuring 50 Black and Asian writers who have made major contributions to contemporary British literature.[30][31] In 2005, she was made an OBE for services to literature.[14]
In 2017, Emecheta's son Sylvester Onwordi announced the formation of The Buchi Emecheta Foundation - a charitable organisation promoting literary and educational projects in the UK and in Africa – which was launched in London on 3 February 2018 at the Brunei Gallery, SOAS, together with new editions of several of her books published by Onwordi through his Omenala Press.[33][34][35] Among participants in the celebration – "a gathering of writers, critics, artists, publishers, literature enthusiasts and culture activists from all over the world, including London and other parts of the U.K., France, Germany, U.S., Canada, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, South Africa, and the Caribbean" – were Leila Aboulela, Carole Boyce Davies, Margaret Busby, James Currey, Louisa Uchum Egbunike, Ernest Emenyonu, Akachi Ezeigbo, Kadija George, Mpalive Msiska, Grace Nichols, Alastair Niven, Irenosen Okojie, Veronique Tadjo, Marie Linton Umeh, Wangui wa Goro, Bibi Bakare-Yusuf and others.[36]
Buchi Emecheta featured at number 98 on a list of 100 women recognised by BBC History Magazine as having changed the world.[37]
^ Onwordi, Sylvester, "Remembering my mother Buchi Emecheta, 1944–2017", New Statesman, 31 January 2017.
^ "Culture stars who died in 2017: from Doreen Keogh to Bruce Forsyth : Buchi Emecheta". The Telegraph. 26 January 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
^ a b c d e f g h i j "Buchi Emecheta, pioneering Nigerian novelist, dies aged 72". The Guardian. 26 January 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
^ a b "Buchi Emecheta: Nigerian author who championed girls dies aged 72". BBC News. 26 January 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
^ The Council of the Caine Prize for African Writing, "Tribute to Buchi Emecheta (1944–2017)", Caine Prize blog, 1 February 2017.
^ Kean, Danuta, "Buchi Emecheta, pioneering Nigerian novelist, dies aged 72", The Guardian, 2 January 2017,
^ Emecheta, Buchi, "Head Above Water", Granta 7: Best of Young British Novelists | Essays & Memoir, 1 March 1983.
^ Levy, Andrea, "Made in Britain. To celebrate the impact of their different perspectives, 50 writers of Caribbean, Asian and African descent gathered to be photographed. Andrea Levy reports on a great day for literature", The Guardian, 18 September 2004.
^ Le Gendre, Kevin, "Books: A great day for a family get together Who are the movers and shakers in black British writing? And can they all fit on one staircase?", The Independent on Sunday, 17 October 2004.
^ Onwordi, Sylvester, "Buchi Emecheta Foundation and Omenela Press created to Preserve a Legacy", KTravula.com, 20 November 2017.
^ Laura Hampson and Gareth Richman, "20 of the most significant women in history", Evening Standard, 9 August 2018.
Dennis Abrams, "Comments On the Work of the Late Nigerian Novelist Buchi Emecheta", Publishing Perspectives, 30 January 2017.
Vimbai Chinembiri, "Buchi Emecheta: How she made her writing a voice for women", Her (Zimbabwe), 28 January 2017.
The Council of the Caine Prize for African Writing, "Tribute to Buchi Emecheta (1944–2017)", Caine Prize blog, 1 February 2017.
William Grimes, "Buchi Emecheta, Nigerian Novelist, Dies at 72", The New York Times, 10 February 2017.
Sylvester Onwordi, "Remembering my mother Buchi Emecheta, 1944–2017", New Statesman, 31 January 2017. Also as "Remembering Buchi Emecheta, Nigerian novelist, feminist, my mother", African Arguments (Royal African Society), 1 February 2017. |
With her new play "Good Morning, Miss America," the well-known feminist visual artist turns her talents toward the stage
How refreshing to be reminded that sometimes an artist is an artist is an artist, no matter her chosen medium and despite our own reductive need to “frame” her as just ONE thing. This is most definitely the case with the multi-faceted contemporary visual artist Phyllis Yes, who also happens to be a fine and gifted playwright.
Her debut play, Good Morning, Miss America, premieres at CoHo Theatre on Saturday, March 10. The show tackles some tough issues, namely the psychological and logistical challenges of caring for ailing and aging parents who have lost their autonomy and ability to care safely for themselves. It features a crack cast including Lorraine Bahr, Rick Sadle, Jane Fellows (who also directs) and Kelly Marchant. With set design by Tim Stapleton and light design by Jamie Rea, the show promises to be top-notch.
Theater rehearsals are generally closed affairs, but I was lucky enough to sit in on one for Good Morning, Miss America at McCoy Millworks during the end of the third week of the process. I arrived in time to watch the industrious Fellows and the production stage manager, Annie Bosworth-Foley, prepare the space for rehearsal. Shortly after, Yes arrived, followed by Bahr (whose character, Jane, is based on the real-life Phyllis) and Sadle, who portrays Phyllis’s real-life stepfather, Lou. Small talk ensued about the show, the particularly gnarly evening traffic, and the outcome of a Portland Trail Blazers game, a team Phyllis follows enthusiastically.
Don’t expect to catch her at a Blazers game, though, as a matter of principle. She can’t stomach what she considers the over-sexualizing of the dancers. “I’m such a feminist!” she said with a wholehearted smile. I happened to agree with her about the dancers, or at least see her point, and soon discovered it would be difficult not to see her point on nearly any subject. Phyllis is charismatic, disarming, and seems to be acquainted with herself thoroughly, which goes a long way toward inspiring confidence and garnering cooperation all around, a handy combination for a collaborative art form like theater.
Once the company got down to business, it was a delight to watch the play with the playwright not only in mind, but right there at elbow. Whether weighing in on the merits of a particular prop, evaluating the efficacy of a beat or movement in a scene, or giving her take on a piece of costuming, Phyllis seemed to delight in just about every aspect of the process. It was easy to imagine her many years as a Professor, first at a University in Brazil and then the Oregon College of Education (now Western Oregon University), Oregon State University and finally Lewis and Clark College, where she also served as Chair of the art department and dean of Arts & Humanities prior to her retirement (although with the pace she keeps, the word “retirement” hardly seems apt). I imagine she was the best kind of educator—enlivened by the exchange of ideas and thrilled for her students’ inquiries and successes.
About those Trail Blazers dancers and her identification as a feminist: the wider topic of gender roles and various cultures’ attitudes and attachments to ideas surrounding gender is near and dear to Phyllis’s heart, and has been instrumental in her work and her development. She is best known for “feminizing” items that are widely considered masculine, including a 1967 911-S Porsche (which she called “PorShe”) that took 600 hours to hand-adorn in lace rosettes for an exhibit in New York, and later, on a road trip across the country as an exhibit on wheels.
When I asked Phyllis about this aspect of her work, she talked about a time when a group of students, one by one, tried on a particular military coat and how, by virtue of just putting on the garment, their demeanors transformed. To a person, they became dictatorial in gesture and speech, bordering on aggressive. “I thought, show me one single object that we think of as a woman’s that could bring that out in people,” she said of the experience. This idea that we imbue artifacts with gender-based characteristics, and that by altering those artifacts we can challenge our perceptions about gender stereotypes, strikes me as the core of this strand of her work.
It came as no surprise to discover that, in addition to writing a play, she also does a good many commissions of her flower paintings these days. Ever the trailblazer (and not the dancing kind), she told me that “painting flowers is the kiss of death for a modern contemporary female artist.” She doesn’t seem be deterred in the least. Interestingly, her flower paintings have a surprising history involving a refusal by the Powers-That-Were at Lewis and Clark to include any women bronze plaques alongside the “great thinkers” (all men) of our time that adorned a conference room wall.
Phyllis and her female cohorts suggested some women be included and even sneaked in one evening to “redecorate” the walls, pinning on them some particular suggestions of women who, they felt, earned the distinction of being included. The unfortunate answer came as a slap in the face—rather than adding plaques of formidable women, the wall was stripped completely of all the bronzes. Some of Phyllis’s early floral paintings can be seen to have a name etched behind the flowers. A painting might, for example, read: ARISTOTLE.
Phyllis has, as she puts it, spent a lifetime learning “to observe things as if you are from a different world.” This notion likely came to her early on, perhaps during a formative time as a Peace Corps volunteer in Brazil, when she did exactly that–bring a new sensibility to a different world, complete with its own culture and customs surrounding gender. By “feminizing” implements (for example, a handgun, which we typically associate with violence and which Phyllis deftly reimagined for another exhibit) we also reconsider our relationship to the implement itself, and by extension, to our world at large.
Whatever prevailing viewpoints drive her artistic pursuits, a sharp mind guides it all. “A painting ought to have an idea behind it,” she told me. Her execution is as exacting as her eye, and most significantly, she seems to be fearless when it comes to both her art work and her writing. “Well, if you don’t take a chance on something,” she said, leaving the end of the sentence implied. And of the age-old question of whether she waits for inspiration to strike or keeps a schedule with her visual arts and her writing, she answered with this tip: “You have to be in the studio to make a painting. And if you can’t find your way into the painting on a particular day, you do something else—you stretch canvas. You clean up.”
The more I spoke with Phyllis, the more obvious it became that her notions about visual arts could, and do, apply to any discipline. It isn’t the form so much as the work ethic, the gumption. “I never had a blank page hit me, and I never had a blank canvas hit me,” she said. Her approach, the very way she thinks about art, could help explain why, after a resounding career and more than 130 exhibits worldwide with an equally impressive career in academia, she found the courage in her eighth decade (she was born in 1941) to reach into entirely new artistic territory as a playwright, although it might be argued that the territory isn’t exactly entirely new.
As it turns out, she acted in plays in junior college and has also attended a good many more professional-level shows than most savvy theatergoers. Every fall semester for years, as part of a program with Lewis and Clark, Phyllis took a group of lucky students to New York, where they saw Broadway and off-Broadway plays. She has always been drawn to the communal nature of theater. When I asked her what theater could do that visual arts couldn’t and vice-versa, she told me, “You can get into a painting. You can get into a play, but in theater, you are right there with the audience. With painting, it’s intimate, but in theater, it’s about sharing an experience.”
As you might have guessed, Phyllis also has a long history with writing. She wrote as an art and theater critic for a blog and also began scripting an ambitious project about the anonymous feminist-activist group the Guerrilla Girls that I, for one, hope she revisits. Her artistic sensibility, hard-earned over her lengthy career, is evident in her writing. She can “kill her darlings” in rewrites with no compunction whatsoever (Good Morning, Miss America has been through thirty revisions!). She also took on a challenge that could be difficult for even the most seasoned playwright—crafting material based on real-life people and events. Again, Phyllis is a quick study and understood intuitively that when you write about real life, your allegiance to the story, to the dramatic enactment of it, sometimes has to trump the cold, hard facts.
In my time with Phyllis, I was surprised most by her composure. She was drawn to the project because she had a deep passion for this personal material and a savvy sense that the notes she began taking as her mother and step-father started to decline could make an interesting play.
The only shred of doubt I witnessed came by way of one endearing admission: “No matter how many art shows I did, I always worried that people wouldn’t come! That it would be opening night, and no one would be there except the curator and me. I feel like that now.” She otherwise lacked the anxiety I have come to expect from the theatrical process, which can be best explained as an emotional undressing. In fact, I was impressed with the professionalism and equilibrium of the whole company.
As I observed the rehearsal that evening, I was reminded that for an actor, the work requires both a deep vulnerability and a thick skin, at exactly the same time. Everything about an actor is up for discussion: the way one looks, moves, speaks, and most importantly, thinks and interprets. The same can be said to varying degrees for the all the collaborators. The director has to wrangle all the elements at once while answering the age-old question that dates back to the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen: Why have you called us here? (Especially in modern times, when many folks are content sitting in the comfort of their homes and binging on Netflix.) In the case of Good Morning, Miss America, the director, Jane Fellows, had the added challenge of switching her hats in a split second, as she also appears as a character in the show, Phyllis’s mother.
And each designer along the way—set, lighting, costume, sound, props–has to navigate that territory where personal interpretation meets functionality meets deadline meets larger vision. It sounds dizzying, and it is. It usually happens in just a few weeks, and with limited money to go around. In this case, it also happens that the playwright, the creator, had been present for every single rehearsal except one. So, to the larger questions: Why a play, and why this play?
It has long been posited that there are really very few subjects worth writing about. From Shakespeare’s King Lear to Eugene O’Neill’s Long Day’s Journey Into Night to Beth Henley’s Crimes of the Heart and beyond, nothing is as captivating to an audience as dissecting our complex and difficult familial relationships. As these relationships are primary to our entire existence, the territory is rife with confusion, conflict and uncertainty, perhaps at no time more so than during that stage we may all one day find ourselves in, when our parents begin to decline (or we do) and all that was not handled and discussed comes to the fore, along with our baby-hurt that renders us limited in our ability to see the larger picture.
With humor–as Phyllis pointed out, “It’s quite funny when it’s not your family!”–and a striking balance between realism and true-to-life absurdity, Good Morning, Miss America lands smack dab in the middle of that rich forest, which might be the least explored, yet most important, for the stage. “None of us are experts at this,” Phyllis said. “We don’t have a road map.” The play navigates this terrain masterfully, and without any didactic or prescriptive remedy to offer. The aim is to create theater at its finest: Phyllis and company inviting the players to the stage, and the audience to the seats, and embroiling them in the impossible, only to watch them toil away.
My last correspondence with Phyllis came by way of email. “What a difference a few days makes,” she wrote. “Last night’s rehearsal was terrific. Am now sleeping through the night. Hurray!” Hurray, indeed. And as a final note to Phyllis—no need to worry. Whatever the medium: If you make it, they will come.
Phyllis Yes’s play Good Morning, Miss America premieres Saturday, March 10, at CoHo Theatre, and continues through March 31. Tickets and schedule information here.
We were lucky enough several years ago to have an extended conversation with Phyllis. The occasion was the day President Carter was in Portland signing books. Leah and I stood in line with Phyllis for nearly 4 hours waiting our turn. Now learning that she taught too at OCE we’re learning that we had much more in common than we thought. Leah went to OCE in the early 70s and was a young protege’ of Mr. Kirk . We’re still in touch with Mr. Kirk occasionally. |
The table below compares 07643 to the other 583 ZIP Codes in New Jersey by rank and percentile using July 1, 2018 data. The location Ranked # 1 has the highest value. A location that ranks higher than 75% of its peers would be in the 75th percentile of the peer group.
Today, the Manchester Police Chief personally called Manchester Mom, Alycia Neely, to let her know that the charges brought against her last week were dropped. Political Buzz reported that Neely was arrested for child endangerment because she had a firearm in the glove box of her vehicle and a child in the front seat. | Keep Reading at NH Political Buzz
This entry was posted in NH Political Buzz, Second Amendment and tagged Alycia Neely, Child Endangerment, Kimberly Morin. Bookmark the permalink.
Painful as it is to watch, cable coverage of the Supreme Court’s ruling on the Affordable Care Act serves as the perfect object lesson in the hazards of reporting (and getting) news unfiltered, moment by moment. In both clips you can see the networks’ on-air talent began to report the second they were handed the thick ruling. As press oopsies moments go, this was a beaut. Give Fox credit for catching the mistake several minutes before CNN did.
Today I am going to be completely honest. Normally when I am writing my blog, I am in a relatively good place for the most part. I have small windows during the day where I am feeling somewhat at peace and capable of sharing some of the positive things that I have encountered. The truth is, for those of you who think I am so “strong,” I am an absolute broken hearted mess the majority of the time.
I know that I have such a large support group and so many people who want to help. However, with that said, there are a lot of things I have heard over the last few days and weeks that are the complete opposite of helping. My psychologist told me, to be honest when something isn’t helpful and tell people if they are saying the wrong thing, so here it goes. Things that are not useful to me right now and why:
DON’T tell me whatever I am doing is not what Nick would want. For example, if I am lying in my bed refusing to get up with the curtains closed and lights turned off, DO NOT tell me this isn’t what Nick would want. Nick would not have wanted to be Dead. Nick would not have wanted us to be separated in the prime of our lives in the same year that was supposed to be “Our” year. Nick wrote in my birthday card on December 8th the following:
Happy 30TH Birthday Megan, I am excited to celebrate this next year of us entering our thirties with you. I can see lots of exciting things in our future and can’t wait for all the adventures we are going to have. There is no one I want to share this day with more than you. <3 Nick.
For the record, this is what Nick wanted; Nick wanted to marry me on October 14th and start trying to get pregnant while we were on our honeymoon in Nashville. Nick did not want to be dead, and Nick certainly did not want us to be robbed of our entire lives together.
Before you say “Nick wouldn’t want this for you,” ask yourself what you would do. I can assure you, I do not want to feel completely hollow inside and terrified of my future life. This is NOT what I want, but I can NOT control it and trying to get myself out of bed is comparable to Nick being stuck under a pile of hard packed snow. I can try as hard as I want but sometimes I just don’t have the strength. This brings me to my next DON’T.
DON’T tell me to stop thinking about the circumstances of Nick’s death and that he didn’t suffer. By the way, googling “suffocation” does not help me (there have been several people who have done this so if you are one of them don’t feel guilty). If you have never lost someone in a sudden tragic death, I can understand why you may not be able to see why my mind is fixated on these details. I promise you, if I could erase these thoughts and images from my head, I would be in a heartbeat. The hardest thing for me to think about is the idea of Nick hurt or scared. Not being by Nick’s side during his last moments on this earth is something that will cause me pain for the rest of my life. I was supposed to be there for Nick through everything for the rest of our lives, and I wasn’t there for him at the end of his. Telling me, Nick would not want me to think about these things, DOES NOT help.
DO NOT say “Megan you will be happy again; it just takes time.” This is one of the worst things anyone can say. I was so incredibly happy with Nick. My whole life was planned out with him, and anyone who knows us knows that we had big plans. No one on this earth makes me happier than Nick did. The thought of being happy again terrifies me. I went wedding dress shopping in January and aside from the day we got engaged this was one of the happiest days of my life. Nick rarely gets to see me dressed up, and I always wear a hat. Nick even joked when I asked him what kind of wedding dress he thought he might like to see me in, and he said, “Anything will be more beautiful than what you wear on a daily basis.” He was right, and I could not wait to show him my dress. My dress is hanging in the closet next to a million bridesmaids dresses I have worn. We have all heard the saying, “always a bridesmaid never the bride,” who knew this still applied to me. When I think about being happy again, all I have to say is what’s the point when it can all be ripped away from you so fast. “Megan you are young, and you have your whole life ahead of you,” yes I am aware of that, and it scares the shit out of me. Every night I pray I won’t wake up, and so every morning starts out with me trying to figure out what I am supposed to do now.
DO NOT tell me to try to figure out a new normal and then tell me not to make any big decisions right now. ???? Am I the only person who is confused by that? Everything involving my life with Nick is no longer normal and in order to have a new normal, I am going to need to make some “big” decisions.
I realize it is important to live on and honor Nick’s life by living my own, but I am telling you if you have never lost your “person,” you have absolutely no idea how difficult it is to do that. I used to be what I considered a strong woman, and I know that was one of the things Nick loved about me, so if I could figure out a way to get myself out of this darkness, trust me I would do it. I have read books and joined widows clubs, and I see a psychologist every other week, but I am telling you it is not that easy and having people tell me what I “should” do only makes it worse.
Every day I wake up, and I am alone in this house, even my dogs feel it. When I try to accomplish something like doing the laundry, I go downstairs, and I see the suitcase filled with Nick’s stuff that he wasn’t able to bring back from his trip because he died. I try to go out and enjoy company with my friends, and all I see is couples happy and enjoying their time together, time that I had stolen from me. I see happy mothers with babies, and it reminds that this isn’t going to happen for me anymore. DON’T tell me I am still young because I have a specialist who already said the window was small, so this adds to my grief. Not only am I grieving the loss of Nick but I am mourning the loss of being a Mother. Today I drove to Shoppers to get some boost because it’s the easiest thing to get down in the morning. While I was there, I had this urge to go down the isle where the underarm deodorant was so that I could find Nick’s brand and smell it. I want to ask you all something, have you ever found yourself in Shoppers smelling underarm deodorant and then having an absolute meltdown? No? Welcome to my life. I know Nick probably has his underarm deodorant in his bag downstairs, but I haven’t been able to open that bag up yet. Just one example of me trying to be normal again.
There are a few people I know who have been through this, and they have told me that my loss is so fresh, and it isn’t going to get any better anytime soon. These women can say to me whatever they want because what they are saying comes from experience and not Google. I am already feeling like a walking dark cloud, and all I want is for people just to let me be and let me grieve how I need to grieve. If it makes you uncomfortable, I ask that instead of saying something that is completely unhelpful just, please don’t say anything at all.
I took my dogs for an hour run today, and when I threw their ball, I instantly started to cry. It was Nick’s job to throw their ball. Maybe I should just try not to think about that. Maybe I should just try not to think about any of the things Nick did when he was alive. Maybe I should just try to forget Nick, so I am not in pain.
No one wants to forget Nick, and everyone misses the relationship they had with him so, please try to remember how difficult it is for you when you have those moments of missing Nick because you can’t call him up for wings or send him a quick text or see him at a family get together. Remember that Nick was my every minute, my every hour and my everyday. I miss Nick with all of my being and every breath I take hurts because it is a reminder that he is no longer here, and my heart physically aches.
Oh, how I wish I knew what she meant. Did she foresee something in my future and she was only granted the gift of telling me because she only had a few more days before her death? I thought I would never know for sure, but I have a strong feeling I am beginning to understand.
Today I went to pick up my wedding dress from the seamstress and what an experience that was. I need to have it ready because I have a photographer booked in Nashville for my “Wedding Day”. The lovely lady helped me into the dress and then walked me up onto the pedestal. I looked in the mirror at the woman standing in front of it and for the first time in over five months, I started to recognize who she was. She was not the woman she was when she bought this dress, but she was a woman who was beginning to feel alive again. I bought this dress because it was the most beautiful dress I had ever seen and I wanted so badly for Nick to see me in something other than jeans, t-shirt, and a dirty old hat.
As I looked in the mirror, I cried. I looked at the portrait of Nick on my shoulder, and I thought to myself, “what does this mean?”. When I looked at the dress this time, fitted so perfectly to my body, I felt like this dress had to represent much more than a great, unimaginable, and painful loss. This dress represents that of a woman who is beginning to feel powerful. A woman who is beginning to feel like she can make a difference and have a voice for her sweet Nick. A woman who undoubtedly believes that she can prevent even one or two phone calls saying, “The boys/girls were in an Avalanche.” This dress is a powerful reminder of what people in the backcountry leave behind when they do not go out prepared.
Today I didn’t feel weak, and I didn’t feel the need to go home and hide in my room with a box of kleenex and a bottle of wine. I am not saying those days are over but what I am saying is today I felt empowered.
The seamstress looked at me with tears in her eyes and said, ” you are a beautiful woman.” We cried and we hugged and it was a surreal experience.
Today my Doctor filled out the return to work papers. I go back next Wednesday. I am not sure how I feel about this, and I don’t know how long it will last before I turn in my papers and move on to a new adventure but for now, I am feeling okay. I didn’t realize the woman in HR didn’t know why I had been on leave for the last five months. She asked me how things have been. I told her things are feeling more familiar, and I am feeling good about some of the things that have been happening recently. She asked me to elaborate, and I told her I have been sharing Nick’s story with those in the snowmobiling community, and trying to raise avalanche safety awareness. I said I really feel good about what I am seeing. I went on to tell her it’s one of few things that is motivating me to get up in the morning and I think that must be a good thing. She followed up by saying, “did you lose someone in an avalanche,” at which point I responded, “Yes my fiance, he was 30 years old.”
We talked about all the avalanche deaths there were this year. I took a deep breath, and I said, “I know there have been so many, and I am going to do what I can to change that.” THIS IS NOT GOOD TO HEAR and I have been hearing it a lot.
This isn’t going to be a long blog tonight but what I want to share is how grateful I am for those of you who have not uttered the words, “Meg, you need to let it go so you can heal”. “Meg, don’t think about the circumstances of Nick’s death.” “Meg, Nick died doing what he loved.” Meg, “It was Nick’s time”. “Meg, it was a freak accident.”
Although some of these statements may have a small bit of truth to them, they are not helpful. I would not be doing this earth or anyone on it any good if I chose to believe those statements. If it weren’t for people like Trish Drinkle, Jeremy Hanke, Erik Anderson, Kathy McCoy, and many other complete strangers I have met who have shared their stories, I would still be lying in my bed a couple of bottles of wine down trying to make sense of Nick’s death. All of these people have suffered tragedy and experienced worst case scenario in the mountains, and all of these people share a common goal with me, and that is SAFETY. If you are one who spends time in the backcountry, please consider checking out Soul Rides and my friend Trish’s new blog at sledmomma.wordpress.com (it’s brand new, but it will be fucking awesome). Trish and Jeremy are two of the most amazing and inspiring humans I have ever met, they are going to save lives, and I have no doubt probably have saved lives already. So now you have it, the information is there now go ahead and PREPARE YOURSELF.
A couple of weeks ago I still didn’t know what the hell I was doing, but I am beginning to realize that we are all dealt certain cards for a reason, and I have to play those cards right if I am going to make this life beautiful again.
If you ever need a reminder of why SAFETY is key in the backcountry, have a look at the photo attached to this blog. I can’t think of anything more compelling than a photo of a wedding dress that will never be seen by the groom and a death certificate of a 30-year-old man. |
Bamboo trees in a botanical garden, Kanapaha Botanical Gardens, Gainesville, Alachua County, Florida, USA by Panoramic Images canvas art arrives ready to hang, with hanging accessories included and no additional framing required. Every canvas print is hand-crafted in the USA, made on-demand at iCanvas and expertly stretched around 100% North American Pine wood stretcher bars. We only use industry leading archival UltraChrome® Giclée inks to achieve the most vivid and high-definition prints possible.
Bamboo trees in a botanical garden, Kanapaha Botanical Gardens, Gainesville, Alachua County, Florida, USA by Panoramic Images framed art print arrives ready to hang, with hanging accessories included. We print on a heavyweight, textured fine art paper and leave a thin white border to surround the image. A premium Acrylite clear-coat is applied to the plexiglass to reduce glare and still provide a crystal clear view of the artwork. Your choice of hardwood frame (black or white with matte lacquer finish or mottled gold with textured metallic finish) completes this framed print - now ready to beautify your home for years to come.
Bohemian Girl by Nature Magick canvas art arrives ready to hang, with hanging accessories included and no additional framing required. Every canvas print is hand-crafted in the USA, made on-demand at iCanvas and expertly stretched around 100% North American Pine wood stretcher bars. We only use industry leading archival UltraChrome® Giclée inks to achieve the most vivid and high-definition prints possible.
Bohemian Girl by Nature Magick framed art print arrives ready to hang, with hanging accessories included. We print on a heavyweight, textured fine art paper and leave a thin white border to surround the image. A premium Acrylite clear-coat is applied to the plexiglass to reduce glare and still provide a crystal clear view of the artwork. Your choice of hardwood frame (black or white with matte lacquer finish or mottled gold with textured metallic finish) completes this framed print - now ready to beautify your home for years to come.
Pretty Horizon II by Jennifer Goldberger canvas art arrives ready to hang, with hanging accessories included and no additional framing required. Every canvas print is hand-crafted in the USA, made on-demand at iCanvas and expertly stretched around 100% North American Pine wood stretcher bars. We only use industry leading archival UltraChrome® Giclée inks to achieve the most vivid and high-definition prints possible.
Pretty Horizon II by Jennifer Goldberger framed art print arrives ready to hang, with hanging accessories included. We print on a heavyweight, textured fine art paper and leave a thin white border to surround the image. A premium Acrylite clear-coat is applied to the plexiglass to reduce glare and still provide a crystal clear view of the artwork. Your choice of hardwood frame (black or white with matte lacquer finish or mottled gold with textured metallic finish) completes this framed print - now ready to beautify your home for years to come.
Seek The Truth by 5by5collective canvas art arrives ready to hang, with hanging accessories included and no additional framing required. Every canvas print is hand-crafted in the USA, made on-demand at iCanvas and expertly stretched around 100% North American Pine wood stretcher bars. We only use industry leading archival UltraChrome® Giclée inks to achieve the most vivid and high-definition prints possible.
Seek The Truth by 5by5collective framed art print arrives ready to hang, with hanging accessories included. We print on a heavyweight, textured fine art paper and leave a thin white border to surround the image. A premium Acrylite clear-coat is applied to the plexiglass to reduce glare and still provide a crystal clear view of the artwork. Your choice of hardwood frame (black or white with matte lacquer finish or mottled gold with textured metallic finish) completes this framed print - now ready to beautify your home for years to come.
The Way Up by Sarah Kadlecek canvas art arrives ready to hang, with hanging accessories included and no additional framing required. Every canvas print is hand-crafted in the USA, made on-demand at iCanvas and expertly stretched around 100% North American Pine wood stretcher bars. We only use industry leading archival UltraChrome® Giclée inks to achieve the most vivid and high-definition prints possible.
The Way Up by Sarah Kadlecek framed art print arrives ready to hang, with hanging accessories included. We print on a heavyweight, textured fine art paper and leave a thin white border to surround the image. A premium Acrylite clear-coat is applied to the plexiglass to reduce glare and still provide a crystal clear view of the artwork. Your choice of hardwood frame (black or white with matte lacquer finish or mottled gold with textured metallic finish) completes this framed print - now ready to beautify your home for years to come. |
Canada – Well Told Health is an online pharmacy brand offering organic, whole-food, vegan supplements. Founded by Monica Ruffo, the brand hopes to educate customers on the ingredients in each product and their individual health benefits. The company, which was launched at the end of 2017, has now introduced a new vitamin D Booster to its range.
The website, which adopts a colloquial tone, details why people would need to take it with examples such as: ‘If you work indoors or wear sunscreen, since our bodies convert sunshine into vitamin D’. Ruffo explains that many consumers are unaware of the fact that most vitamin D supplements are derived from sheep lanolin and are therefore not vegan.
Well Told Health is part of a new raft of Post-pharmacy Brands that are using the online space to offer consumers the depth of detail about a product that cannot be included on a label alone, from the provenance of ingredients to how they work.
US – Following the lead of brands such as Getty, which in 2017 announced that it would no longer accept Photoshopped images, CVS Pharmacy has announced that it will no longer airbrush its images in a bid to banish unrealistic body image ideals.
CVS is taking it a step further, however, in also introducing a beauty mark, a heart within a broken circle, that will enable readers to identify when they are seeing an image that has not been retouched.
The pharmacy hopes that the brands it stocks, such as Cover Girl and Maybelline, will rethink the imagery they use, and if they do use Photoshop, the CVS mark will make it clear that images have been altered. In creating a visual signifier of truth in advertising, CVS is demonstrating its commitment to helping to create change in the industry at large and illustrating its civic-minded credentials.
Australia – Scientists at RMIT University of technology and design in Melbourne are developing an ingestible capsule to better assess internal health.
The pill detects and measures the presence of gases such as hydrogen, carbon dioxide and oxygen in real time and this data can then be sent to a smartphone for tracking.
Professor Kourosh Kalantar-zadeh, study lead and capsule co-inventor, explained that the presence of different gases in the gut can be an indication of future health problems. ‘This new information could help us better understand how debilitating diseases such as colon cancer occur,’ he says.
As explored in our Gut Health Market, consumers are increasingly understanding the importance of a healthy gut on overall wellbeing.
Japan – As part of its Innovation Design Lab, which was launched at the end of 2017, make-up brand Shiseido is introducing a new project in which it will work with Japanese schoolgirls to better understand what they want as consumers. The Posme initiative will feature girls collaborating to create products ranging from cosmetics to accessories that appeal to their age group.
The first product to be launched is a pocket-sized multifunctional make-up item that can be used on eyes, lips and face, answering a desire for small experimental cosmetic items that avoid waste. Named Play Color Chips the items will be sold in packs of six, priced at £1.95 ($2.70, €2.20).
Brands such as Shiseido and Glossier are crowdsourcing ideas that will ensure that their products remain relevant in the Teen Beauty Market.
While eating out in India is still being hindered by the tendency to eat home-cooked meals, new research indicates that there is promise for brands among India’s Emerging Youth Market. The report shows that affluent Indian Millennials are spending 13% of their total expenditure on food, while middle-income urban Millennials are dedicating 10% of their total food expenditure on eating out. To find out more about the changes in Indian consumption habits, book a bespoke Food and Drink presentation here.
George Ritzer, sociologist and author of The McDonaldization of Society, talks to junior creative researcher Holly Friend about how travel has succumbed to control, predictability and the wrath of McDonald’s.
According to Ritzer, the defining principles of McDonaldisation and, in tourism, McDisneyisation, are efficiencyism, predictability, calculability and control.
‘McDisneyised tourist locations lack any kind of genuineness. They lack any kind of authenticity,’ Ritzer tells LS:N Global. ‘They’re just a highly regimented and programmed kind of experience, and that, for me, cuts against what tourism is supposed to be about. It’s supposed to be about seeing something new and authentic. And it’s very, very difficult to find.’
He also discusses the link between gentrification and McDisneyisation, especially in our cities. ‘You can basically travel to various European cities and you see the same things that you’ve seen in American cities,’ he says. ‘You don’t need package tours, because society itself has become so homogenised that you don’t need anyone to homogenise it for you.’
A - Lake Taupo Forest Trust - Trust that represents the interests of the owners of Maori land titles loc |
The CAL process is a way to quickly identify diseases and other medical conditions that by definition, meet our standards for disability benefits. These conditions primarily include certain cancers, adult brain disorders, and a number of rare disorders that affect children. The CAL initiative helps us reduce waiting time to reach a disability determination for individuals with the most serious disabilities. The CAL process identifies claims where the applicant’s disease or condition clearly meets the statutory standard for disability. By incorporating cutting-edge technology, we can easily identify potential Compassionate Allowances to quickly make decisions. We use the same rules to evaluate CAL conditions when evaluating both Social Security Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income programs. For more information about the CAL process, see the Compassionate Allowances homepage.
Fast-tracked cases consist of those cases identified as Quick Disability Determination (QDD), Compassionate Allowance (CAL), or both. A case can include one or more claims filed by an individual.
The datasets provide, by state, the total number and percentage of initial disability fast-track and electronic cases that were received and accepted by the Disability Determination Services (DDS), Extended Service Team (EST), or a federal site beginning with fiscal year (FY) 2010.
The datasets are updated and reported annually based on the fiscal year. The fiscal year ends on the last Friday of September. For example, FY 2010 represents the reporting periods of September 26, 2009 through September 24, 2010. A reporting month runs from the last Saturday of the month through the last Friday of the following month.
The datasets represent the agency's programmatic disability data used to administer the disability process and are published in official agency reports.
We provide the datasets for FY 2010 through 2017 in an excel spreadsheet (.xls) and a comma-separated values (.csv) file. The data are summarized at the state level, sorted in ascending order by state, and include the following categories:
The regional location for the DDS, EST1, or federal office that received and accepted the initial disability case after case transfer from the field office.
The total number of initial disability cases identified as fast-track that were received and accepted by the DDS, EST1, or federal site after case transfer from the field office within the fiscal year. Fast-tracked cases consist of those cases identified as Quick Disability Determination (QDD), Compassionate Allowance (CAL), or both.
The total number of DDS electronic receipts that were received and accepted by the DDS, EST1, or federal site after case transfer from the field office within the fiscal year.
The total number of fast-track receipts divided by the total DDS electronic receipts, expressed as a percent. The percentage includes one decimal position. (Note: The value was calculated to the hundred-thousandths place, multiplied by 100 to express a percent, and rounded to the tenths place.)
The total number of fast-track receipts, DDS electronic receipts, and percentage of fast-track receipts for the nation within the FY.
1Extended Service Teams (ESTs) provide national case processing assistance to states most adversely affected by an increase in initial disability cases.
To protect the anonymity of NBS respondents while providing accurate and detailed data, we present the NBS data in two formats: a Restricted Use File available only to users approved by SSA and for use on specific research projects, and a Public Use File released by SSA for the general public to use in various statistical analyses. These two files offer differing degrees of accessibility to confidential information. For both data files, we have removed any information that could directly or indirectly identify a respondent; this information includes respondents’ names, Social Security numbers, and addresses. Because of its more widespread availability, the Public Use File has undergone extensive masking and has fewer available variables than the Restricted Use File. Even with the variables masked, however, the NBS Public Use File offers a wide variety of pertinent variables and topics for the general public to use.
In order to minimize the likelihood of indirect identification of a sample member, we deleted variables that could identify residents of smaller geographic areas or sample members possessing rare attributes (outliers). We also simplified the file by dropping variables with little analytic value. These included survey administration variables, source variables that had corresponding imputed versions, imputation flags, source variables summarized in a constructed variable, and constructed variables that we had not utilized in the round’s analyses. We also dropped data elements with quality problems that would reduce their analytic value, as well as agency administrative data appended to the Restricted Access File. In their place, we masked select key administrative variables and added them to the file as new constructs.
Using the Office of Research, Demonstration, and Employment Security (ORDES) Disclosure Checklist for the Public Release of Data, we developed encryption/masking algorithms that would maximize the analytic value of the data while maintaining acceptable confidentiality for the program participants. The ORDES Disclosure Review Board has approved the Public Use Files for release.
The Public Use Files are only available for the Representative Beneficiary Samples for each round. The Ticket Participant Samples are not available for public use. A relatively small proportion of our beneficiaries participated in the Ticket to Work program, and, as a result, the sampling rate for the Ticket Participant Samples was quite high. For this reason, our Disclosure Review Board believes releasing the participant sample would pose an unacceptable risk of disclosure for this portion of the NBS survey participants.
Please visit the links below for technical details on each round, the documentation, and the public use files.
The Disability Analysis File (DAF) is an analytical file consisting of agency administrative data in an easy-to-use format. We create a new version of the file and documentation each year. The file contains historical, longitudinal, and one-time data on all beneficiaries with disabilities who were between age 18 and retirement age and who participated in the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) or Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) programs at any time between 1996 and the year of the file. This file also includes data on SSI child beneficiaries age 10 and up who participated in the SSI program at any point from January 2005 through the year of the file. Each DAF is an updated version of all prior DAF files, so users should use the most recent file available.
The DAF PUF contains a random 10 percent sample of beneficiaries included in the full DAF. The 10 percent file is large enough to avoid disclosure risk and small enough to keep the file size manageable. The PUF contains a more limited set of variables than the full DAF, and we masked some variables in a variety of ways to avoid disclosure. Please consult the documentation for additional details on the DAF variables.
Note: The current version of the DAF PUF is the DAF15 PUF, with data through the end of 2015. The current version of the full DAF is the DAF16 with data through the end of 2016. Beginning with the DAF17, these files will include data through the same date.
This program deals with the issues involved in inspecting buildings and commercial structures to ensure municipal building code requirements are met. We are proud to offer the only building code enforcement program in the South Suburban region.
Building codes vary with each town or city depending on the construction of a commercial or residential structure. Enforcing codes and building within codes requires a knowledge of building construction. South Suburban College offers the only building code enforcement program in the south suburban region.
Preparation for technical occupations in building code enforcement. The program includes study of principles, emphasizing construction materials and methods, principles of construction codes, legal authority and enforcement techniques. This program has been articulated with some area high schools. Recent high school graduates may have earned credit in this program through high school coursework.
Classes cover blueprint reading, basic code enforcement, decision-making in code enforcement, fire extinguishing and detection systems, construction materials and methods in wood, electrical and masonry. Specialized inspection training is provided in concrete, framing, electrical, HVAC, and plumbing.
In South Suburban College’s building code enforcement program, you’ll gain a good overall knowledge of the field and preparation to take the certification examinations administered by the International Code Council. ICC codes, the most universally accepted in the United States, are emphasized in our program.
South Suburban College’s building code enforcement program prepares you for a career as a building inspector. Job opportunities are available in the public sector of the industry through work in local, State and government agencies.
Employment opportunities for building code enforcement graduates are excellent, with median annual earnings of $46,570 according to the Occupational Outlook Handbook.
Preparation for technical occupations in building code enforcement. The program covers the principles of construction codes enforcement with an emphasis on single family concrete and framing inspections.
Preparation for technical occupations in building code enforcement. The program covers the principles of construction codes enforcement with an emphasis on single family plumbing inspections.
Preparation for technical occupations in building code enforcement. The program covers the principles of construction codes enforcement with an emphasis on commercial and residential inspections.
The opposition People’s Progressive Party/Civic (PPP/C) has declared the State Assets Recovery Agency (SARA) to be a super ministry staffed by “political hacks” being paid from the public purse to fulfil a political agenda.
Speaking at a press conference held yesterday, PPP/C Member of Parliament Juan Edghill declared that based on the compensation being offered, even he would be willing to work at SARA.
Referencing a document laid in the House on Friday, Edghill showed that those employed at the agency are being paid sums which equal and in some cases exceed the salaries on the higher end of the General Service Scale.
Director of SARA Professor Clive Thomas is afforded a monthly compensation of $1,380,000. This includes his base salary of $1.3 million and $50,000 and $30,000, respectively, in risk and travel allowance.
It was noted too that two lawyers employed by SARA, each receiving a monthly salary of $1,400,000, are earning more than the Director. With SARA employing the two lawyers, PPP/C MP Anil Nandlall questioned the agency’s need for a legal advisor, who is employed for a monthly salary of $630,000 plus a total of $80,000 in allowances.
Thomas’ Special Assistant, identified as Dr Eric Phillips, is being paid $980,000 per month, while employees such as receptionists, drivers and security officer are being compensated at a rate of $120,000 per month.
“I want a job at SARA. I would like young people to have a job at SARA because a receptionist is making $120,000, the driver $120,000, the cleaner makes $75,000,” Edghill shared.
He also identified the rental cost for the building which will house the agency as being US$8,000 per month.
“We don’t know where it is yet but we know it is US$8,000 per month to rent it,” he said referencing the supplementary allocation approved last Thursday.
During the sitting, the Committee of Supply approved a total of $116.3 million in supplementary funds for SARA.
The number of staff employed by the agency did not go unnoticed by Edghill, who argued that based on the number alone, SARA has become a super ministry.
“Forty-six staff makes it a ministry. Several of our ministries didn’t have 46 staff,” he said, while identifying the former ministries of Housing, Industry and Commerce.
Edghill concluded that based on the salaries and staff allocations, SARA is a space where “political hacks [are] being employed to do political works so that they could get political compensation. This is public money, taxpayer money being spent.”
He called on the public to cry out with a loud voice “shame, shame, shame on the APNU+AFC” for using the public purse to carry out its political agenda.
In June, Stabroek News reported that weeks after the long-awaited State Assets Recovery Bill was passed, the newly-established agency was operating without a budget. Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Major (rtd) Aubrey Heath-Retemyer had, however, noted that the entity’s financial plan would have been submitted within another few weeks which would pave the way for key administrative matters to be addressed.
He had explained that among the top priorities are the completion of the budget, the hiring of required staff, including lawyers and the rental of a building, which will see the agency being removed from the Ministry of the Presidency compound.
U.S. President Donald Trump displays a presidential memorandum after announcing his intent to withdraw from the JCPOA Iran nuclear agreement (Reuters photo)
WASHINGTON, (Reuters) – President Donald Trump yesterday pulled the United States out of an international nuclear deal with Iran, raising the risk of conflict in the Middle East, upsetting European allies and casting uncertainty over global oil supplies.
Some 60 children from various orphanages across the country were introduced to the gentleman’s game of cricket thanks to the efforts of full sponsors Ramps Logistics who offered them a chance to engage with professionals of the sport during the current 10-day programme.
With four certified coaches including former West Indies test player and Head Coach, Reon King and 24-year-old coach, Darien Best, the young boys and girls aged between 8-13, hailing from Bosco’s Home, Joshua House and the Georgetown Cricket Club, where it was hosted were exposed to the basics of the game.
Along with the experienced team, everyday a group from Ramps Logistics descended to the venue to spend time with the children and share in the fun with the volunteers from the Guyana Red Cross Association. According to Marisca Jordan, Business Development Manager at Ramps Logistics, “Ramps Logistics is honoured to partner with the Georgetown Cricket Club in hosting our first Summer Cricket Camp with the aim of providing the 60 children with an exciting, educational and stimulating cricket training experience.
“This idea has been in the works for a while and with the help of the competent coaches of the Georgetown Cricket Club and the diligent staff of Ramps Logistics, led by the legendary West Indian Cricketer Reon King, we have been able to host this camp. “Ramps looks forward to future collaborations and further facilitation of youth development in Guyana,” Jordan added.
“I must say it was difficult but it was good, the kids really showed an interest in the game and I saw some potential in them as we went through the basics of batting, fielding and bowling,” he said. King shared the same view, expressing his heartfelt warmth at seeing the programme come to reality.
When Stabroek Sport visited the Bourda venue, the children were all smiling with some even learning the basics of umpiring and scoring. Nine-year-old Zodac Mustapha said it was fun and that she looked forward to the coming days but was sad that it will end on Friday. The kids also got to benefit from playing with the likes of some of the country’s brightest youth players including national player, Zachary Jodah and talented off spinner, Darius Andrews. |
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High Scalability - High Scalability - Stack Overflow Makes Slow Pages 100x Faster by Simple SQL Tuning
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I grayed out the mirrors because the reflection was distracting. We've decided, now that we see it, to change out the handles that came with the vanity. They don't really 'go' with the rest of the fixtures.
I don’t really mind the mess. And it’s a good excuse to not have to clean…like I need an excuse, lol. But after a while you find you can’t hold a thought in your head and you get just a little bit cranky and short tempered with your significant other.
So I’ve been keeping my Big Black Sketchbook next to the Grandpa chair where I take refuge. And it helps to clam and focus me.
The pink thing holds my mini business cards (which I’m much too shy to give out….most of the time anyway.)
Isn’t it funny how you can hear or read something a million times and then suddenly one day it just ‘clicks’?
Then I watched a YouTube video and in it she said ‘Don’t draw the object, draw the spaces BETWEEN the object. Think of them as objects themselves.’ And she demonstrated.
So, as I sat watching TV I found myself looking ‘through’ this lamp and it dawned on me, I’m looking through the negative spaces!!!!!!
It’s wonky and not quite symmetrical but it has character somehow. If I had tried to draw the lamp itself I don’t think I would have gotten any of the proportions right!!
If you want the tile to run from room to room seamlessly (and not end up with teeny tiny pieces along the walls or to fill in spots here and there) you have to PLAN.
And because we’re using the same tile throughout the whole house, in order to lay it in the master bath we have to start it at the front door.
So that the pattern is consistent as it turns corners and goes into other rooms, because if you started in the bathroom and came around the corner into the living room it would lay out all cattywampus.
We can only surmise this must have been from either a VERY large family of insects or possibly many generations of said insect family!!!!
It’s just Husband doing the work and he’s no spring chicken anymore so it takes a while. I’m fine with that. Besides, sometimes he has to wait for me to make the design decisions…… (It took me almost two weeks to decide on which gray I wanted for the paint color!!!!)
And we thought, for traffic pattern issues, it would be a good idea to tile from the hallway into our bedroom and around the corner to the bathroom.
Here, I must interject to tell you that Husband is……organized. I mean in the ‘we’re going to do this, then this, then this’ kind of way.
So as we were pulling up the carpet in the bedroom to get ready for the tiling extravaganza to come he popped up a tile from the hallway by accident.
I mean it POPPED up! Easy peasy! In a way that had us looking at each other and wondering what had been holding it down for all these years.
We had already planned to rent the HUGE JACKHAMMER-Y MACHINE that would chip up all the tile in the house. It would be worth the cost in the long run by saving time and aching backs.
Now we have a lovely half finished, non functioning bathroom, and a hallway that looks like this…...
man/GoldData-class.Rd man/GoldDataFromGRanges.Rd man/GoldDataParam-class.Rd man/GoldDataParam.Rd man/ReadGoldData.Rd man/ReadVCFData.Rd man/ReadVCFDataChunk.Rd man/VCFData-class.Rd man/VCFEvaluate.Rd man/VCFQAParam-class.Rd man/VCFQAParam.Rd man/VCFQAReport-class.Rd man/admixture.Rd man/callbyChrPlot.Rd man/calltypePlot.Rd man/chunkData.Rd man/computeTiTv.Rd man/didSamplePass.Rd man/didSamplePassOverall.Rd man/genotypeQualityPlot.Rd man/getCoefs.Rd man/getName.Rd man/getPlots.Rd man/getResults.Rd man/getVR.Rd man/goldCompare.Rd man/hetGap.Rd man/hetsMasked.Rd man/homrefPlot.Rd man/meanGQ.Rd man/myf.Rd man/numberCalls.Rd man/numberOfHets.Rd man/numberOfHomRefs.Rd man/numberOfHomVars.Rd man/percentHets.Rd man/percentInTarget.Rd man/rareCompare.Rd man/readDepth.Rd man/readVcfGold.Rd man/readdepthPlot.Rd man/reformatData.Rd man/titv.Rd tests/testthat.R tests/testthat/testQA.R vignettes/genotypeeval_vignette.Rmd |
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(-3.6 to 1.2) Open help text for Reading progress score for St Bernadette's Catholic Primary School (2016))More score details 2.4
(0.1 to 4.7) Open help text for Reading progress score for St Bernadette's Catholic Primary School )More score details
(-2.1 to 2.7) Open help text for Writing progress score for St Bernadette's Catholic Primary School (2016))More score details 0.6
(-1.6 to 2.8) Open help text for Writing progress score for St Bernadette's Catholic Primary School )More score details
(0.4 to 4.4) Open help text for Maths progress score for St Bernadette's Catholic Primary School (2016))More score details 1.4
(-0.6 to 3.4) Open help text for Maths progress score for St Bernadette's Catholic Primary School )More score details
Percentage of pupils meeting the expected standard in reading, writing and maths 70% SUPP opens a popup 70% SUPP opens a popup
Home > Kids Bedrooms > Children's Furniture > Childrens Beds > Children's Single Beds > Camper Van Bay Children's Bed
The Camper Van Bay Children's Bed is simply AMAZING! Hand made in England by a family firm, the Camper Van Bed features a door which shuts and fits a standard single mattress (190 x 90cm). A unique kids bed that's available in a huge selection of colours (we can also present you with a 3D image in the colour of your choice!). Features and benefits: Camper van bay single bed measures: (l)233cm x (w)107cm x (h)118cm. Handmade from Plywood. Colour: Available in many colours (email customerservice@cuckooland. com) and a 3D image of the colour of your choice will be made available. This bed is also available un-finished with a cost saving of £1200. Fits single mattress: 90 x 190cm. Made to order in UK - lead time 6-8 weeks. Number plates can be personalised. Click here for more unique children's beds.
The Tutti Bambini Peek-A-Boo Cot is made from solid wood. This cot easily converts into a junior bed and therefore is suitable from birth to approximately 6 years old. In addition the Peek-A-Boo Cot has a three-position height adjustable base to suit each stage of development, fixed side rails, two teething rails to protect delicate teeth and gums of baby as well as your cot's top rails Product Features: Solid wooden cot bed Easily convertible into a junior bed Three-position height adjustable base Fixed side rails Teeting rails Ideal for your nursery Age Recommendation: 0 months + Dimensions: 150 x 100 x 81 cm Please Note: This item comes in colours. Please select the one you require from the dropdown above. |
The first commercial order of the company Kodisoft can be traced to the time, when its founder, Dmitry Kostik, wrote a bookkeeping program for TV and radio workshop in the town of Stakhanov, where he was purchasing materials in 2001. This small accounting system, which sold for $300, allowed this first-time entrepreneur to realize that his development in IT could not only be fun but also make money.
The next step in formation of the company became the acquisition of a development team. At that time Artyom Vilmakin and Roman Sirota joined Kodisoft. Together they started to seek and fulfill different orders. Then, their biggest project was the restoration of the electronics in machines which apply portraits on marble. The company managed to earn several thousand dollars for this order.
After this, the town administration in Stakhanov made Kodisoft an offer to restore the central clock tower which had not worked for 15 years. Their next venture was another program for the remote control of traffic lights and transport system of three cities.
After moving to Kiev in 2003, the company started to grow rapidly, to attract new employees, becoming a big outsourcing company in Ukraine. Kodisoft was receiving orders from different freelance sites and satisfied customers, who were referring them to others. By the year 2004, more than 50 people worked in the team.
The company reached its top in development in the current arena and decided to change business activities. They decided to leave the area of outsourcing and to return to the creation of their own products. In a short time the main core of the team, which includes the committee heads and directors, was selected. Stas Kostik became the head of product design and the main strategist for all design decisions of Kodisoft Company.
In the year 2005, the company began new life by changing its name from Intellect Systems to Kodisoft, our current name. This was done to commemorate the change of the company’s activities and to adapt its title for Western colleagues.
The first major development was the device for Bluetooth-marketing – IDBM (Intellect Device Bluetooth Marketing). The company decided to create the first channel of communication with a customer. This was like a breath of fresh air in the advertising industry. Now companies could reach their potential customers directly from their mobile phones. There were no such devices available on the market at that time. The devices were produced in Taiwan and the sale was conducted through retail partners. For 1.5 years the biggest network of Bluetooth devices in the world was built. Now Kodisoft has 12 partners in Bluetooth-devices. Devices operate in England, Spain, France, Germany, Holland, Poland, Malta, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Australia, Egypt, Dubai, United States, and Canada.
After such success, the company didn’t want to rest on their success so they decided to continue developing in the area of advertising and marketing. The second significant project was a Kolight system, which was an interactive instrument for emotional advertising. This system made it possible to capture and record any movements of people with the help of special sensors and to respond to them.
For example, Kodisoft created the interactive Coca-Cola museum at the commission of «Coca-Cola Beverages Ukraine». This decision turned out to be the creative force that allowed this very museum to hold the leadership among all Coca-Cola museums in more than 200 countries at that time. As it was with the previous project, IDBM, the main buyers of Kolight were foreign customers.
Along with the Kolight, two very important cloud products appeared in the arsenal of Kodisoft - KoCloud and mCloud. KoCloud became the building block for all modern products of the company. This high-level backend allows you to build hardware and software solutions.
The product mcloud was launched to utilize our accumulated experience in marketing. Colleges who wanted to share their knowledge with the company also participated. As a result, Kodisoft in cooperation with its partners created a fully-featured tool for small and medium business, which combines tools for conducting marketing communications and knowledge management. Kodisoft became the world-class expert in the field, and the industrial standard in the area.
This period also became significant for the company due to a clear focus on R&D. The company decided to do the things which could make significant breakthroughs in the industries. The team, as well as the company, was already prepared to make such steps. In 2010 three directions were chosen from which work continues to this day. Each of these directions will present the world with a number of products which will make quantum leaps in the industry. (More detailed information can be read in the R&D section).
After three years of research in the restaurant and catering fields, the Kodisoft team released the product of interactive restaurant - IRT (Interactive Restaurant Technology). Starting with the development of interactive tables, they managed to create not only a multi-touch table but also a complete concept of an interactive restaurant. This includes elements of interaction with customers and a system of the “smart” restaurant. This laid the foundation for new eating and drinking culture.
The first restaurant was opened in Cyprus at the end of 2012. The project turned out to be so successful that in just half a year Kodisoft maaged to return all investments in the restaurant.
In August 2013 the second restaurant opened in Dubai, using a new version of the software. Kodisoft is planning to designate the Interactive Restaurant Technology as a separate company, for which an IPO is planned. |
Another very good net map from Gary Iams. This one is fast and loaded with some goodies for all players.
A completely large but centralized map that's great for KoTh. Some interesting secrets and floor plans, makes for some interesting play. Good midair shots are possible in this map.
Visually exciting and lively, this map is very good. Done with the Jjaro texture set with some powerful lighting effects, this map was fun! Check out our film from our last fest! Supports all net modes but ball is not recommended due to some sewage rivers.
This is a wild ride in and around and at the bottom of a compact outpost on a mountain. Small and best for 2-4 players it can also be played solo. Has some wild lighting effects as well as some wierd floor plans. Worth a look.
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The German football team set a number of unwanted records after their shocking 3-0 loss to The Netherlands. Joachim Low took charge of his 168th game as manager of the German national side, which was a record for the highest number of games a German manager has ever taken charge of; but this was one positive record sandwiched by a number of negative ones.
Before now, modern day Germany have never fired blanks in three consecutive matches. Also, they have 5 defeats in 2018, the joint most number in a calendar year in their history. Three of their wins have come against Saudi Arabia, Sweden and most recently, Peru. It is worthy to note that they had to grind out wins in these matches. For example, they had to rely on a late stunner from Toni Kroos to beat the Swedes, while they had to rely on a last-ditch goal-line clearance to beat the less-fancied Saudi Arabian team.
The negative records have not ended yet. For the first time since 2002, Die Mannschaft have lost to the Orange. The Netherlands have also beaten Germany with a 3-goal margin for the first time in their history.
On a historic night for Dutch football, one familiar face was at the heart of every attacking move by the Orange. Manchester United fans have fond memories of his Genesis, but not his exodus. Memphis Depay continues to show his rejuvenation after those forgettable days in United.
His near-perfect performance was almost flawed by his profligacy in front of goal, as he tore through the German defence like knife through butter. His impact was highlighed by the fact that he had a hand in all goals. He played the corner, which the forgotten Ryan Babel instinctively reacted to and hit the post after some shoddy defending from Germany. But Virgil Van Dijk was not going to be denied from point-blank range. Memphis Depay scored the second of the night himself, as he glided through Germany’s static defence and stroked the ball past Manuel Neuer. He was later denied by the crossbar in stoppage time. But there was no obstacle in Wijnaldum’s sight when he collected a pass from Depay, majestically went past two German defenders before scoring the Netherlands’ third goal.
While Germany are going through this bad patch, one man might be giggling in front of his TV screen. Germany still haven’t scored in a competitive game since Ozil’s controversial retirement. He will no longer be the ring bearer of the brunt of the blames of the National team. Maybe for once, they will deservedly mete out blames to their defence, which looks like it is as vulnerable as an immunosuppressed person with HIV and SCD these days.
Ozil’s absence in the team was as conspicuous as the lack of creativity in the German team. Chances were at a premium, and when they came, they were squandered.
Miroslav Klose, the legendary German striker is one who has really big boots for others to fill. Timo Werner has been viewed as a potential heir for quite sometime now, but he has labored to even score, let alone replace Klose.
Timo Werner is a young player who still has a lot of years ahead of him, and he is not the finished material. Another thing we can not call Werner is; ‘clinical’. He is one of those strikers who need to be continually fed before they can score. He is not the ‘Diego Costa type of striker’, and needs more sights of the net before he can make it bulge. He has good link-up play, which was evident in last night’s match. But even Manuel Neuer has good link-up play. Link-up play is the least of the German team’s problems right now.
Timo Werner’s difficulties in front of goal is further underlined by the fact that he has just scored 1 in his last 10 games for Germany.
Also, Low should have realized by now that Mark Uth is not the solution to Germany’s goalscoring problems.
Joachim Low made drastic changes to the team and formation that started against the Netherlands, when the Germans turned out against France. The unimpressive Thomas Muller was deservedly dropped.
As the game went on, they were composed in possession, fluid in movement and improved defensively against Les Bleus.
Whilst on the counter, Leroy Sane cut a cross from the byline that hit the hand of Presnel Kimpembe. The referee pointed to the spot, and Toni Kroos stepped up and dispatched the penalty, with Lloris’ efforts to save the ball proving futile. That was the breakthrough goal for Germany. Their first in a competitive game since their crash from the World Cup.
France were out of sorts in the first half and Mbappe was their only threat with his pace on the counter. But in the second half France were improved and it was just a matter of time when Lucas Hernandez crossed to Griezmann who guided the ball into the net with a looping header. Griezmann sealed the win when he scored a 78th minute penalty after Matuidi had tumbled from pressure from Hummels. The penalty looked soft, but secured the win for France. A draw would have been a fairer reflection of the game, as Germany dominated the game for large spells. It’s back to the drawing board for Joachim Low and his men who have now extended their winless run to four games.
This is the first time in nearly 20 years Germany will be winless in four successive fixtures, with the last such run stretching from October 1999 to June 2000. This is also the first time Germany have suffered defeats in two consecutive competitive matches since 2000. In their 11 games in 2018, Germany have managed just one clean sheet; a 0-0 draw with France in September (9%). The last year that Germany had a worse percentage (0%) of clean sheets was all the way back in 1964.
2018 is now officially the German national team’s worst year ever, at least in terms of defeats suffered. Germany have now lost six matches in a calendar year for the first time in their history.
Die Mannschaft have lost to Brazil, Austria, Mexico, South Korea, the Netherlands and now Les Bleus in what has been a nightmare 2018.
If the German team wants to end their disastrous run, they would have to relearn the art of defensive solidity. These days, their defence is like a fence made from nylon. You can tear through with just little external force. At the heart of the disastrous German defence is Jerome Boateng, a disaster always waiting to happen. He will have to be phased out from the team and replaced with a defender who is not error-prone and more agile; or he steps up and transforms into a mainstay in defence.
Joachim Low should not be sacked. The Germans have just had a bad run of games in 2018 against teams who were either too good, or too prepared. What Germany needs now is a new/refreshed group of players who are ready to give their all for the national team. Majority of the old guard should be phased out of this German team. Low should not be scared of making drastic decisions like he did against France . He also needs to find a clinical striker, a more reliable defence line; and a creator to replace Ozil. Low will also need to instill defensive solidity into the full backs who have been continuously hurt by waves of counter attacks in recent games.
Lastly, he will need to understand that players should be picked based on form and ability, not reputation or the player’s clubside. These applies to the Bayern Munich players who were picked even with their poor run of form before the international break. |
Corboy & Demetrio is a proud Silver Sponsor of the Center for Disability and Elder Law (CDEL) 2018 “Light Up the Loop” Annual Awards Benefit, which will be held on Feb. 28, 2018 in Chicago.
CDEL was founded more than 30 years ago to provide legal services to low-income residents of Cook County, Illinois who are either elderly or who have permanent disabilities. Dedicated volunteers from law firms in Chicago and from firms and corporations located throughout Cook County provide more than ninety percent of all legal services CDEL delivers, pro bono, to CDEL clients. CDEL has provided services to more than 30,000 clients throughout its history.
Corboy & Demetrio’s Co-founder Thomas A. Demetrio serves on CDEL’s Board of Directors, and Corboy & Demetrio has supported CDEL for many years.
To purchase tickets to CDEL’s biggest annual event, which raises crucial funds for providing legal services to elderly and persons with disabilities, go to CDELAW.org.
16:54, 10 May 2018 (diff | hist) . . (-86) . . m Board:asus/kgpe-d16 (→RAM HCL: Common knowledge, also: who has dirty RAM modules?) (current)
16:53, 10 May 2018 (diff | hist) . . (-223) . . Board:asus/kgpe-d16 (→RAM HCL: RAM training issues still exist;, the board is very picky about RAM and simply matching pairs might not be enough in our experience with quite a number of boards and RAM models)
08:16, 3 May 2018 (diff | hist) . . (+75) . . Build HOWTO (wording (microcode updates)) (current)
14:47, 13 February 2018 (diff | hist) . . (+6) . . m Board:asus/kcma-d8 (1.02 also working) (current)
09:39, 13 November 2017 (diff | hist) . . (+547) . . N Board:asus/kcma-d8/known bad configs (Add page) (current)
15:59, 24 October 2017 (diff | hist) . . (+89) . . m Board:asus/kgpe-d16 (→> 192 GB of RAM not working: clarification)
10:15, 24 October 2017 (diff | hist) . . (+27) . . m Board:asus/kgpe-d16 (→RAM HCL: keeping it short)
10:14, 24 October 2017 (diff | hist) . . (+76) . . Board:asus/kgpe-d16 (→> 192 GB of RAM not working: elaborated on how to get 192GB of RAM working)
09:01, 18 October 2017 (diff | hist) . . (+8) . . m Board:asus/kgpe-d16 (→Recommended CPU's: clarification, typo)
08:58, 18 October 2017 (diff | hist) . . (-1) . . m Board:asus/kgpe-d16 (→Recommended CPU's: typo)
08:36, 18 October 2017 (diff | hist) . . (+79) . . Board:asus/kgpe-d16 (→External links: added manual mirror)
08:33, 18 October 2017 (diff | hist) . . (+367) . . Board:asus/kgpe-d16 (→RAM HCL: Added new memory config with 192GB RAM)
08:13, 18 October 2017 (diff | hist) . . (+136) . . Board:asus/kgpe-d16 (→> 192 GB of RAM not working)
08:10, 18 October 2017 (diff | hist) . . (0) . . Board:asus/kgpe-d16 (→> 128 GB of RAM not working: typo, it's actually 192 GB)
15:18, 3 April 2017 (diff | hist) . . (-350) . . Board:asus/kgpe-d16 (cables aren't generally faulty, tested myself)
15:16, 3 April 2017 (diff | hist) . . (-137) . . Board:asus/kgpe-d16 (don't mention information that's already in the board manual = redundant!)
15:15, 3 April 2017 (diff | hist) . . (-66) . . m Board:asus/kgpe-d16 (again, only 128 GB RAM are tested)
15:12, 3 April 2017 (diff | hist) . . (-46) . . Board:asus/kgpe-d16 (I believe that endorsing a specific company isn't wanted here, link to Vikings removed for now until there are established guidelines)
15:00, 3 April 2017 (diff | hist) . . (-298) . . Board:asus/kgpe-d16 (unnecessary and also factually wrong information (the 6262HE *is* still available))
14:28, 3 April 2017 (diff | hist) . . (-146) . . Board:asus/kgpe-d16 (wording, clarification >128 GB RAM issue)
14:25, 3 April 2017 (diff | hist) . . (-512) . . Board:asus/kgpe-d16 (Remove unless this claim is backed up.)
14:30, 30 January 2017 (diff | hist) . . (+557) . . User talk:Taiidan (→D16 192GB RAM: new section)
11:18, 27 November 2016 (diff | hist) . . (+499) . . Board:asus/kgpe-d16 (User Report regarding SATA cables that come with the PIKE2008 card, board does not work stable with +128GB of RAM)
21:55, 16 November 2016 (diff | hist) . . (-18) . . m Board:asus/kgpe-d16 (EPS12V has 8 pins instead of 4)
An agent, especially a life insurance agent, who might qualify as a “field underwriter.” In theory, the agent is supposed to do some underwriting before submitting the case to the home office underwriter; i.e., to make a decision on the basis of facts known to him on whether or not the risk is sound and to report all facts known to him that might affect the risk.
The development of the Type XXIII was given very high priority. To reduce development time, Dr. Walter designed the new boat based on the previous Type XXII prototype. By June, 1943, the initial design was ready and construction began in parallel at several shipyards in Germany, France, Italy and German occupied USSR. The Type XXIII had an all welded hull design, and was the first submarine in the world to use a single hull design. For the power plant, the Type XXIII used the MWM RS-348 diesel engine, which was already in use as a diesel generator aboard the Type IXDs. The electric motor was the AEG GU 4463/8, which was a simplified version of the electric motors employed on the Type VIIs. Handling wise, the Type XXIII proved to be an excellent boat, which was highly maneuverable both on the surface and underwater. Crash dive time was a quick 9 seconds. Construction of this advanced submarine faced a logistical nightmare. Many disruptions were caused by Allied land advances, constant aerial bombings, material and manpower shortages. Of the 280 submarines ordered, only 61 had entered service |
In the revision phase , students review, modify, and reorganize their work with the goal of making it the best it can be. Keep these considerations in mind:. If the essay is still missing the mark, take another look the thesis. Does it present the strongest argument? Test it by writing a thesis statement for the opposing viewpoint.
In comparison, does the original thesis need strengthening? Once the thesis presents a well-built argument with a clear adversarial viewpoint, the rest of the essay should fall into place more easily. Next, proofread and correct errors in grammar and mechanics, and edit to improve style and clarity. Having a friend read the essay helps writers edit with a fresh perspective.
Sharing a persuasive essay with the rest of the class or with family and friends can be both exciting and intimidating.
Learn from the experience and use the feedback to make the next essay even better. Time4Writing essay writing courses offer a highly effective way to learn how to write the types of essays required for school, standardized tests, and college applications.
The high school online writing class, Exciting Essay Writing , focuses in depth on the essay writing process with preparation for college as the goal. Tips on Writing a Persuasive Essay. Close with a thesis statement that reveals the position to be argued. Body Paragraphs Each body paragraph should focus on one piece of evidence. Within each paragraph, provide sufficient supporting detail.
Opposing View Paragraph Describe and then refute the key points of the opposing view. Concluding Paragraph Restate and reinforce the thesis and supporting evidence. Drafting the Persuasive Essay When writing the initial draft of a persuasive essay, consider the following suggestions: Open with an unusual fact or statistic, a question or quotation, or an emphatic statement. Each body paragraph should cover a separate point, and the sentences of each paragraph should offer strong evidence in the form of facts, statistics, quotes from experts, and real-life examples.
The Secret to Good Paragraph Writing Consider various ways to make the argument, including using an analogy, drawing comparisons, or illustrating with hypothetical situation e. Define terms and give background information.
The concluding paragraph should summarize the most important evidence and encourage the reader to adopt the position or take action. The closing sentence can be a dramatic plea, a prediction that implies urgent action is needed, a question that provokes readers to think seriously about the issue, or a recommendation that gives readers specific ideas on what they can do. Are you waiting for the exam soon, or do you have a persuasive essay assignment?
We will tell you about the types and the correct structure of paper, give advice and provide example that will teach you to create such compositions competently. Receiving a task to compose study work people face a problem where to start? There is essays writing sequence:. School authorities provide strict rules on eating during class work.
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Our authors can help you with writing a paper on any subject and discipline. Why do we write persuasive essays? Because we want to persuade somebody. Do students face a big problem with the writing of a persuasive essay? Here is a solution!
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Here are some tips for preparing high school persuasive essay. A good persuasive essay is a work which can convince the reader of correctness of your beliefs. There are a lot of ways of writing a persuasive essay. Many people are wondering how and where to start writing persuasive essay. Argumentative essay is different from ordinary composition and is much more complicated. The choice of essay topics can lock writing persuasive essay process, because you do not know how write it.
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In a persuasive essay, a student should prove his point of view to others. This mini guide will help you. you can come up with plenty simple persuasive essay topics for high school. Perhaps you have already debated on some of these with your friends: Persuasive Essay Outline. After getting well-versed in your topic.
Persuasive Essay Outline 1 p. 0 Parts of the Persuasive Essay A persuasive essay is an argument in writing. Follow these steps to plan and write a very. A persuasive essay is a standard high-school, college, and university exercise. The majority of students take it as a formality, so they don’t understand why: they need it anyway; they have trouble writing such essays> their grades for persuasive essays are lower than they expected.
Persuasive essays are a regular thing for high school and college students. They are useful in obtaining Scholarship Essay through contests. The above examples outline how to write such essays with a logical flow and smooth transition. Persuasive Essay Examples & Outline. Are you in middle, senior, high school, college or University? Tired of writing persuasive essays or do not know where to begin writing a persuasive essay for middle school? |
Meridian International Center will conduct its annual Meridian Global Insights Mission to the Kingdom of Morocco on April 8-14, 2019.
This diplomatic mission through the country’s key regions offers delegation members an opportunity to cultivate a deeper understanding of the importance of the U.S. – Morocco relationship and gain unique insights into Morocco’s rich history, vibrant culture, and emerging ideas and reforms.
The United States has had a strong, long-standing relationship with Morocco. In 1777, Morocco was the first country in the world to formally acknowledge the United States as an independent nation. Today, our partnership is anchored in shared economic and security interests. Morocco is a designated major non-NATO ally as well as a free trade agreement (FTA) partner with the United States and has positioned itself as a gateway to Africa and the Middle East. As a constitutional monarchy, the country serves as a model for reform and democratic transition in the Arab world and has made steps toward protecting political, economic and religious freedoms.
The 6-night/7-day trip will take delegates to the great imperial cities of Rabat, Fes and Marrakech. Prior to the Mission, delegation members will convene at Meridian International Center in Washington D.C. to participate in a preparatory briefing with Meridian’s leadership team. A preliminary schedule is included and details on confirmed activities and arrangements will be provided as the program evolves in late 2018 and early 2019.
The Meridian Global Insights Mission provides delegation members a unique opportunity and first-hand context of Meridian’s mission of strengthening diplomacy and U.S. engagement with the world through the exchange of people, ideas and culture by:
Exploring the important relationship between the United States and Morocco, one of our country’s oldest allies, by learning about Morocco’s history, politics, economy, culture, religious and civic issues;
Encouraging people-to-people exchange through interactions with Morocco’s government and business leaders as well as civil society leaders, scholars and historians;
Empowering delegates to serve as citizen diplomats to further the global reach of Meridian International Center through strategic dialogue, thoughtful discussion, and the open exchange of ideas between participants and locals.
The Kingdom of Morocco is filled with cultural and natural treasures that will not disappoint even the most adventurous or sophisticated traveler. Morocco’s fascinating medieval cities like Marrakech and Fez lie in between the great Sahara Desert and the Atlantic Ocean. The Atlas Mountains make up the backbone of Morocco, where the traditional Berber culture still thrives today.
You are invited to join us for an insider’s journey as we visit the imperial cities, stay in five-star private riads, sample delectable cuisines, explore eclectic bazaars, palaces and bustling town squares, experience the country’s natural beauty, and meet the Moroccan people that make the Kingdom one of the world’s greatest jewels.
The Meridian Global Insights Mission begins in Rabat, Morocco’s seat of government where we will meet with the country’s political leaders as well as U.S. Embassy officials. Continuing to the city of Meknes with a visit to the Volubilis ruins and then onto the magnificent imperial city of Fez, the spiritual heart of Morocco. Guests will stay at the Palais Amani – a traditional riad, located within the walls of the ancient medina, which today is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Traveling by air over the Mid-Atlas Mountains, the mission will arrive in Marrakech – the pulse of the kingdom’s cultural life. Established by the Berber tribes who came from the Western Sahara and were responsible for forging a Moroccan identity by linking the vast continental hinterland to the civilized lands of the northwest, time will be spent visiting the city’s “must sees” including the Koutoubia, Bab Agnaou, Bahia Palace, Ben Youssef Medresa and the world-famous Majorelle Gardens and the newly opened Yves St. Laurent Museum . Our group will stay in the Moorish-inspired and world-renown La Mamounia hotel – which elevates Moroccan style to radiant, royalty-worthy heights. A favorite spot of Winston Churchill, La Mamounia has been recently restored to its original glory with its fabulous gardens in the very center of this vibrant city.
Updated as of August 2018; additional special programs and meetings will be added in the months to come.
Current members of the Meridian Board of Trustees and Meridian Global Leadership Council are invited to participate and serve as delegates of the Meridian Global Insights Mission. Space is limited to 25 delegates; and reservations will be confirmed on a first come, first served basis.
The cost of the trip is $5,750 per person based on double hotel occupancy or $6,950 per individual based on single hotel occupancy. The pricing is based upon a minimum of 20 delegates.
Your program fee includes all first-class hotel accommodations, airport transfers and in-country transportation, tour guides and operators, meals and gratuities. Delegates are responsible for the cost and arrangement of their own international airfare to and from Morocco.
A second deposit (30%) will be due November 15th and a third and final deposit will be due on February 15th.
All deposits will be non-refundable unless replaced by a fully paid delegate from the waitlist should one exist. Hotel accommodations are subject to change based on availability. |
Listen to “My Kind of Girl” from Michael’s new album ‘Nobody But Me’ on YouTube below! Preorder the album at http://michaelbuble.com to get this song instantly!
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Trades with Spirals is a game being developed by a guy named Mario (can’t make this stuff up). Anyway Mario Velardita, through his studio Plixik, has made other forays into game development before, and has now roped together previous inspirations with new ones to form Trades with Spirals. Mario found my music portfolio on a gaming site and we’ve been working together since. He has a very particular taste which speaks for the seriousness he has for the project.
I conducted a short interview with him to introduce Mario and give you some advance notice of Trades With Spirals.
MV: I make games because that is what I decided I was going to do 10 years ago and I have yet to contribute anything worth noting. I don’t want to be someone who didn’t do what they decided to do. As it stands right now, I’m not allowed to go anywhere until I’ve done that. With that said, it’s also a great medium for art which seems to be my favorite thing around.
MV: They don’t just play a role, VR will be the future. I don’t know if that’s good or not. It seems depressing in some ways, but also exciting.
MV: I’m pretty big on sampling these days. I rarely finish games anymore, but I also like to play games that don’t really have an ending. Most of my gaming in the past few years has gone to Melee/Project M and Hearthstone because they are easy games to pick up for a min and put back down. Some of my favorite games are Smash Bros., DDR, Blizzard Games, Zelda, Castlevania, Professor Layton and a pile of JRPGs.
Keep up-to-date with the ongoing development of Trades with Spirals. You can follow Mario on YouTube, Tumblr, and Twitter.
You can listen to my current musical tracks for the project and follow new additions to the project's score on the Trades With Spirals album page.
We cannot say enough about this beautiful couple- the dress, the bow ties, all the love and that sun!! We can't forget about Bakery 105 in Downtown Wilmington, What a beautiful venue!! The exposed brick and the courtyard are just too amazing! Be sure to check them out :)
The right to be forgotten, which opens the door to public requests for the removal of search results that are “inadequate, irrelevant or no longer relevant”, has been among the world’s most controversial privacy issues since it was first established in Europe in 2014. My Globe and Mail op-ed notes that the new right responds to concerns with potential reputational harms from inaccurate or misleading information online, but faces the challenge of balancing privacy protections with the benefits of the Internet for access to information and freedom of expression.
The Privacy Commissioner of Canada waded into the debate on Friday with a new draft report concluding that Canadian privacy law can be interpreted to include a right to de-index search results with respect to a person’s name that are inaccurate, incomplete, or outdated. The report, which arises from a 2016 consultation on online reputation, sets the stage for potential de-indexing requests in Canada and complaints to the Privacy Commissioner should search engines refuse to comply.
The Commissioner envisions a system that would allow Canadians to file de-indexing requests with leading search engines, who would be required to evaluate the merits of the claim and, where appropriate, remove the link from the search index or lower its rank to obscure the search result. Moreover, the commissioner would require search engines to actively block Canadians from accessing the offending links by using geo-identifying technologies to limit access in Canada to the results.
There is a need to address the risks associated with online reputation, but the Privacy Commissioner’s proposal raises a plethora of concerns. First, the claim that existing law includes a right to de-index search results stands on shaky ground. In addition to the broader questions regarding its consistency with freedom of expression protections under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, there is reason to doubt whether PIPEDA, the private sector privacy law, applies to search results.
Federal privacy law is limited to commercial activity, yet search results are typically provided at no cost to the user nor the sites being indexed. Indeed, all the activity behind search – indexing content, developing algorithms to identify relevant results, and the display of those results – fall outside a conventional commercial transaction. There may be paid results or other advertising displayed with some search results, but those are arguably secondary to the indexing, ranking, and display of the relevant links.
Second, the report’s conclusions stand at odds with the majority of responses generated by the Privacy Commissioner’s consultation. The feedback from leading Internet services, media companies, academics, and civil society groups cautioned against creating a right to be forgotten in Canada. Without a foundation for its approach arising from the consultation, participants can be forgiven for wondering whether the report’s recommendations were a foregone conclusion.
Even if the report can be justified as consistent with existing privacy law, the proposed approach features a remarkable level of micro-managing of search engine activity. The de-indexing right is limited solely to search results for a specific name, meaning that alternate searches will not be affected. For example, an embarrassing court decision might be blocked for a person’s name, but parallel searches for facts arising from the case would not.
The report also suggests that rather than de-indexing a link, search engines might instead be asked to lower the rank of a search result or flag the result as inaccurate or incomplete. This would vest editorial power in search engines they have generally been reluctant to assume. While algorithmic decision making is far from neutral and deserves greater scrutiny, using privacy law to justify intentionally obscuring results by lowering ranks transforms information intermediaries into knowledgeable publishers.
Once the revised search results are developed, the report has further recommendations on who can access them, calling on search engines to use geo-identifying technologies to block access in Canada to offending links. Mandated use of blocking technologies as well as a parallel recommendation for a notice-and-takedown system for content that is not found under current Canadian law represents a dramatic departure from the existing Internet rules of the road. These forms of regulation cannot simply be read into PIPEDA by the Privacy Commissioner, but rather should require careful review and legislative reforms by Parliament.
Perhaps most troubling is that the report empowers search engines to play the role of judge and jury over the relevance and harm associated with links to content. Companies such as Google have attracted increasing concern over their ubiquitous role in how we access information. If implemented, the Privacy Commissioner’s report would troublingly expand that role by granting Internet giants the power to determine upon request whether a search result is incomplete or outdated as well as whether it should be de-indexed, lowered in ranking, or flagged as incomplete. In the search for a solution to online reputational harm, the proposal creates more problems than it solves.
People do not need to worry or be concerned about being forgotten on the Internet. Within a few years all their pictures and articles will disappear due to the high number of new posts every day. In most cases it take about three years before the indexing drops old links. The billion photos uploaded every day gradually disappear due to their poor quality. It becomes space dust lost in the 1’s and 0’s.
We have already seen Civil Cases in the USA try and demand retrieval from some of the archives disclosed by the Snowden document dump. Optical fibre lines in the USA have beam splitters that allow the NSA and other alphabetised government entities to make a complete copy of vast swaths of network traffic.
The complexes they operate go far underground, so it is difficult to get a grip on the scale of the operation. If only that was a conspiracy theory. |
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Harper's Tire (1931) Ltd. - We've come a long way since 1931 on one word, service. - Located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, we are an Alliance Tire Professional Dealer. We sell Michelin, BF ...
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Shops serving Highwood, Illinois such as art galleries, bakeries, children's toys, clothing, crafts, design, kitchen design, interior design, florists, collectibles, gifts, yoga, furniture, pet store, photographers, restaurants, travel
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The Cuneo Museum is a historic house museum, built by Benjamin Marshall for Samuel Insull of Commonwealth Edison, and later home to John Cuneo. Tours are offered of the historic house museum and art collections with discounts to bus tour and school
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Offshore Chicago is the largest Chicago-area dealer for high-quality inflatable boats, canoes, and kayaks. Canoes, kayaks and inflatables are our specialty.
ForeSoft Corporation, Chicago, IL � based company is an application service provider, offering web-based cutting edge technology solutions for database applications, project management and customer support automation.
Striving for musical excellence, the Cornell Glee Club fosters a brotherhood of men through the creation of memorable, musical moments, inspiring young men to keep singing.
The Bach Children's Chorus is Rochester, NY's preeminent children's chorus. Composed of singers age 8-16 and sponsored by Nazareth College, the children sing classical music and folk tunes from around the world.
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Brighton Symphony Orchestra is the premier community orchestra serving the greater Rochester metropolitan area.
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For almost 30 years the RGMC has exemplified excellence in choral arts by serving the Greater Rochester Community as well as all of Western New York. We currently perform 3 concerts annually and ...
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The Mike Estep Band is Central New York's best original rock band, featuring acoustic guitar driven rock, with just the right amount of fun. Mike's tunes include 'One Lane Bridge, ' 'Walking Along ...
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There was nothing extraordinary out there today. The weather was extremely cold and uncomfortable, and it was a wonder that some great birders including Charlie Barnard, Dave Caller, Scott Kruitbosch, Dave Zawisha, and many others braved the elements to do the count.
The trip out to Penfield Reef was the most brutal I have ever taken with the whipping wind. Highlights were: 450 Common Goldeneye, 35 Long-tailed Ducks, 1 Purple Sandpiper
Highlights were: 1 Red-shouldered Hawk, 1 Gray Catbird, 9 Red-winged Blackbirds, 1 Brown Thrasher, 1 Winter Wren, 1 Green-winged Teal, 2 Fox Sparrows, 14 Hooded Mergansers
The New Haven SBC seems to be ticking many YB Cuckoos, and few BB Cuckoos as well. It will be interesting to see if all the CT SBCs report a significant increase in cuckoos, this year.
r256153 - clang-format: Only try to find the "main" include in the first block of Daniel Jasper via cfe-commits
[PATCH] D15319: [Sema] Don't accept e.g. "(int *)(long)&x" as a constant expression if x is in address space != 0. Manuel Jacob via cfe-commits
r256230 - Pull out a bunch of duplicated option handling code into its own Eric Christopher via cfe-commits
[PATCH] D15726: Remove setting of inlinehint and cold attributes based on profile data David Li via cfe-commits
[PATCH] D15737: [clang-tidy] Preserve comments and preprocessor directives when simplifying boolean expressions Richard via cfe-commits
r256318 - [Sema] Use available enum types instead of integers. As one is used in a switch, this makes the compiler ensure the switch is fully covered. NFC Craig Topper via cfe-commits
r256319 - [Sema] Make an enum local to the only method that uses it. NFC Craig Topper via cfe-commits
[PATCH] D15749: [X86][ms-inline asm] Test case for adding support for memory operands that include structs Marina Yatsina via cfe-commits
[PATCH] D15749: [X86][ms-inline asm] Test case for adding support for memory operands that include structs Chad Rosier via cfe-commits
r256382 - [X86][ms-inline asm] Test case for adding support for memory operands that include structs Marina Yatsina via cfe-commits
[PATCH] D15704: Add some overlooked optnone tests, and tighten up an existing test Aaron Ballman via cfe-commits
137 messages: Starting Monday, 1 September 2014 06:47:17 UTC, Ending Tuesday, 30 September 2014 15:34:49 UTC
2nd CFP: IJVCSN, Special Issue on Social Media and Networks for Multimedia Content Management (DEADLINE 15th October 2014)
Call for Submissions: The 9th International Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST-2014)!
Now hiring: postdoc to develop novel machine learning methods to learn metadata in large biomedical repositories
Research Assistant –UI/ UX Developer for Life Sciences and Semantic Web INSIGHT at NUI Galway (formerly DERI Galway)
Publication of Draft ETSI TS "XML Advanced Electronic Signatures" for public comment: CORRECT LINK: STF178Task3Draft.pdf (Tuesday, 24 July)
Publication of Draft ETSI TS on XML Advanced Electronic Signatures for public comment (Tuesday, 24 July)
Prev by Date: Re: [xml-dev] Are there any limits? (WAS: RE: [xml-dev] XMLSchema for object p rogrammers: was Announce: XML Schema) |
Armed with a new distribution deal via Sony Music Entertainment's The Orchard, Big Top Entertainment (BTE LLC) is prepping the release of their compilation project Already On. From platinum singers and songwriters to Grammy considered talent this compilation is filled with great music that is resonating across the internet on a host of blogs. With features from RIAA Platinum hit maker Kevin Gates and contributions from Grammy considered artists Cicely O'kain and SF1, the current roster at Big Top Entertainment LLC has some talent accustomed to the inner workings of songwriting in the music industry. Indiana, Indianapolis street star DBO also adds a rough edge to the project after he acquired the talents of Kevin Gates on the song "Solid," which serves as the lead single to the project. In addition, Oklahoma’s own Sha Sha Jones, who was featured on the Game's number one album The Documentary 2 added to the project on the second track.
Pressman Toy Corporation is offering their Mastermind Board Game for FREE when you follow the instructions below. Shipping adds $1.95.
Spend $20 on Participating Banana Boat or Hawaiian Tropic Sun Care on sale for $3 off = $8 RR OR Spend $15 = $5 RR
I'm lovin' all these coupons today! Here's another *HOT* one for $.75/1 Minute Maid Pure Squeezed Orange Juice! This one will double to get us $1.50 off of ONE bottle at Homeland, Nichols & Apple Market!
In fact, the Minute Maid Pure Squeezed Orange Juice is on sale for just $2.50 at Apple Market this week (through next Tuesday). That means we can get it for just $1.00 after coupon!
Head over here and print your $1/1 Carefree or Stayfree product coupon! The 18-22 count pantiliners are only $.97 at Walmart which means FREE after the coupon!!
These are also priced at only $1.25 at Nichols, so they would be FREE after the double there as well!
There's another *HOT* coupon available today for $3.00 when we buy (1) All Detergent and (1) Clorox 2 product! The good thing about this coupon is that it doesn't specify any sizes, that means we should be able to score some NICE deals!! Print this one now because it will likely disappear very quickly!
Head on over here and sign up for the Nest Learning Newsletter to score a FREE copy of one of 20 award-winning Hero Classics Series titles ($29.95 Value!) when you become a NEST Family Member. All you have to do is enter your email address to subscribe. Then the DVD and Bonus Coloring book download will be automatically added to your cart. Then just click on shopping cart and checkout...you don't even have to enter any credit card info! Love this freebie!
Here's another coupon for $.50/1 KC Masterpiece Barbecue Sauce. This goes on sale often starting this time of year and I'm sure we'll be able to snag a great deal--maybe even FREE after the double! Print it now because it might be gone when the sale comes around!
Check out these Clorox and Glad coupons! These should make for some really nice deals when paired with a sale--especially after the coupon doubles!!
Here's a great one for $2 off of meat when you purchase Kingsford Charcoal! We very rarely see coupons for meat so this is a great one....especially if you have a charcoal grill!
Plus, use the $1/1 Flintstones Multivitamin Product Walgreens coupon found in the March Coupon Booklet (will deduct $2)
Plus, use the $1/1 Colgate Advanced Toothpaste or 360 Clean Toothbrush Walgreens coupon found in the March Coupon Booklet
Spend $15 on Glade Candles 4 oz 2/$5 = 3,000 Balance Rewards Points + (+ Score a Register Reward back when you buy Glade Candles – an unadvertised deal, through 3/24)
Use the $0.75/1 Suave deodorant product excludes 1.4 oz and trial coupon found in the 3/10 SS (value varies by region)
Use the Buy 2 Suave Professionals hair products, Get 1 body lotion 18 oz Free coupon found in the 3/10 RP (up to $3)
Use 3 $0.75/1 Suave deodorant product excludes 1.4 oz and trial coupon found in the 3/10 SS (value varies by region)
(Or use the FREE Secret Body Spray when you buy 2 Secret Clinical Items coupon found in the 2/17 RP)
Plus, use the $2/1 Dulcolax Tablets, Liquid Gels or Suppositories Walgreens coupon found in the March Coupon Booklet (will deduct $4)
Use the $2/1 Aleve Product 80 ct+ coupon found in the 1/6 SS (value varies by region) or here or here or here or here (must “like” on Facebook)
Use 2 $2/1 Aleve Product 80 ct+ coupons found in the 1/6 SS (value varies by region) or here or here or here or here (must “like” on Facebook)
Use the $2/2 Air Wick product coupon found here (Sign in or register, and “like” their Special Offers page)
My husband is thrilled. It's sloppy joe night. I PROMISE that these are the best sloppy joes you've ever tasted.
You will need a crock pot and a food processor. I wish I had a large food processor, but I just do the chopping in batches. You'll also have to excuse my appearance. This meal needs to cook ALL DAY on HIGH. Soooo, I was still unshowered and in my comfies while I was making this early this morning.
The best thing about this recipe is that I always have the ingredients. A well stocked pantry, freezer and spice rack is the key. You will always have a fantastic meal on hand if you keep veggies in the drawer, meat & frozen veggies in the freezer & tomato sauce/paste and canned veggies in the pantry. This recipe came out of a need to use things that I had on hand when money was tight.
1.5-2 lbs of very lean ground meat (I used turkey today b/c I stocked up at Sam's Club at $1.97/pound! Cheaper than ground beef!!!!!)
Get a deep sautee pan out & start it on medium heat. Spray with nonstick spray because we are using very lean meat. Put the protein in and break it up a bit...we don't want it browning, just lightly cooking/simmering. Start the veggies. Process the peppers, celery, carrots, garlic & onions until soupy. The consistency is important. They must be very finely minced to a near soup. I have to do it in batches since I have a wimpy processor. Add the veggies to the lightly simmering meat and incorporate them well.
It will look kind of light in color. It's ok. It NEEDS to cook all day to get the real sloppy color. Something magical happens in 6-8 hours. Trust me. The smell is intoxicating. Jim always wants to sneak a taste at lunchtime, but it's never ready that quickly.
Taste it and add salt/pepper if needed. Sometimes it's on the sweet side...so just add a bit of salt to even it out.
Please feel free to move thisn to your review section!): Sloppy Joe's: yuuuuummmmm! I dont have a crock pot, so I actually made these in my dutch oven, the same as the crock. All day. It smelled fantastic in my house all afternoon!! My husband said they were the best he's ever had, and my kids chowed down (as did I!) The only thing I will say is that it did have a little bit of a sweetness to it. Which was totally okay with us, but I have a friend who doesnt like 'sweet' at all in her main meals. So if you are like that, I guess just cut down on the brown sugar/molasses (right gourmom?). Easy, Fantastic, another 5 stars!
My response to that is your friend may want to use a bit more salt or steak/burger seasoning. A little soy sauce in there would probably be fantastic too. I may have to try that next time instead of salt.
Categories: American short story writers | American comics writers | Writers from New York | New York University alumni | 1972 births | Living people | American Jews
Matt Brandstein (born January 29, 1972) is an American writer and occasional Bollywood film actor[1]. He is most known for his writing of the popular Jewish children's comic book series Mendy and the Golem[2]. Brandstein often employs the use of his Hebrew name Moshe in honor of his Jewish heritage.
Matt Brandstein grew up in downtown Chicago, where he attended the Latin School of Chicago for fourteen years. After moving to New York City, Brandstein enrolled in New York University, Tisch School of the Arts, where he received his Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in Film. Brandstein's writing career began in the music business. He collaborated with prominent directors including Brett Ratner, Diane Martel and Marcus Raboy in the conceptualization of music video treatments for top artists like Mariah Carey, Sting and D'Angelo[3].
In 2003 Brandstein took on the role as writer of the second phase of the popular Jewish children's comic book Mendy and the Golem. Notable comic book artists Stan Goldberg, Barry Grossman, Ernie Colon and Joe Rubinstein have all participated in the creation of recent issues.
The comic book's characters' looks have recently been reinvented by reclusive European artist Kola Remaz. Remaz, letterer and Editor in Chief, Tani Pinson aka "Chief Golem" and writer Matt Brandstein make up the creative team responsible for a brand new Golem Factory series expected to launch in the winter of 2010.
As an actor, Brandstein made a brief cameo as a CIA operative in the 2006 Karan Johar Bollywood blockbuster Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna. That same year, he appeared as a Hip Hop dance enthusiast in the Bollywood musical comedy Jaan-E-Mann.
If last month’s tragedy taught Novato anything, it’s that residents need to take road safety as seriously as they do housing elements. Lives, not just town character or property values, can hang on things we hardly ever think about. Where should the first stop sign be when we enter Novato? What about this road makes the speed limit seem so low? There are easy ways to reform Novato’s streets to be safer for drivers, bikers, and pedestrians, but they only take us so far. Going further would require Novato to rethink the fundamental purpose of its roads. But let’s start easy.
The points of greatest danger are the approaches into the city, where people transition from highway to city driving. In these areas, speeds officially fall from 45+ miles per hour down to 25 or 35, though roadway design and culture tack on another 5-10 miles per hour.
To bring people from highway mode and into city mode, Novato has employed stop signs and stop lights, but these are insufficient. Coverage of the Ratliff crash included quotes from people grousing about high vehicle speeds where she was killed, yet the only indication of a falling speed limit was the speed limit sign. Everything else about the road screamed at the driver, “It’s safe to drive fast here.”
European cities use a combination of special road paint, stop signs, and roundabouts to calm traffic and get drivers into urban driving mode. Roundabouts would be a bit much for a conservative city like Novato, but paint and stop signs certainly aren’t.
Different shoulder paint tells drivers that a change is coming, while a stop sign would clearly delineate where the change actually is. The key is to get drivers out of what is essentially an automatic driving mode and into a more attentive mode. On a rural road or Highway 101, one never expects things to jump out in front of the car. The road, through paint and a stop sign, will alert drivers to this change, making them more attentive to the increased complexity of city driving.
Novato’s streets are themselves unsafe. At a typical driving speed of 40 miles per hour, pedestrians hit have a very low chance of survival. At the same time, the streets can have lanes as wide as those on a freeway (about 12 feet), putting drivers back into a highway mode. These arterial roads should be redesigned for safety. Above all, that means narrowing lanes to 10 feet in a process called a lane diet.
Unlike a road diet, which removes lanes to provide space for a center turn lane or a median, a lane diet just narrows the existing lanes and gives the excess space over to parking, biking or sidewalks. Novato roads already have center turn lanes, medians, and parking. It’s hard to imagine using 28 feet (two lanes plus narrowing existing lanes) for anything useful without land accompanying land-use reforms.
But four 10-foot lanes with a center turn lane would do plenty of good for street safety. Lane diets reduce crash rates, sometimes as much as 43%. Vehicle speeds, too, are reduced by road diets and lane diets, meaning those crashes that do occur are less likely to be serious. The fact that street capacity would remain essentially unchanged is an added political bonus. Introducing lane diets to Novato arterials would make them objectively better roads.
We still need to deal with 8 feet of extra road width on our dieted streets. Rather than using it on sidewalks, Novato should convert its class II bicycle lanes to class I cycle tracks.
Cycle tracks are fully separated bicycle paths that have buffers or barriers between them and the automobile traffic and are best suited for roads with high traffic volume or high vehicle speeds, i.e., arterial roads.
NACTO’s bicycle lane guide recommends cycle tracks widths of at least five feet with a three foot buffer. If we combine the width removed from our road lane diets with the width of existing class II bike lanes, there is enough space for a cycle track going in either direction. This improvement would increase safety for bicyclists by getting them away from car traffic without banishing them from the street entirely, increase safety for pedestrians by putting space between them and traffic, and increase bicycling by providing infrastructure appropriate to the road.
Costs are relatively minimal, at least compared to what we spend on road infrastructure. Cycle tracks typically range from about $100,000 to $165,000 per mile. For about $3.35 million, Novato could install cycle tracks on every arterial street in the city; it could do every rural arterial for about $970,000 more. Considering that we’re spending 270 times that on highway expansion, it might be worth more attention from TAM and city hall.
Such an expansive investment in bicycling in Novato would be transformative. While transit and walking aren’t terribly efficient modes of transportation through most of Novato, the bicycle is. If the city provided the infrastructure for in-city trips, it would cut down on traffic and improve the health and quality of life any resident that can ride. At least one study found that cycle tracks increase bicycling by 250% and that in turn increases safety for all road users, from driver to pedestrian, by making drivers more aware of vulnerable users and calming traffic.
Last week's post exhorted Novato to stand and say enough: enough death, enough apathy. Rather than leave it up to the process, Novatans should tell the council to fix gateways roads, shrink lanes, and invest in bicycle infrastructure that fits the needs of the road. It’s not an issue of road capacity, for it would hardly change. It’s an issue of political will on the part of Novato’s councilmembers, city staff, and residents. They have the power to make safe their city’s streets. Or they could call deaths on their streets inevitable and do nothing at all.
Some of those that will be in attendance are James Beard Award–winning chef José Andrés; Nathan Myhrvold, author of Modernist Cuisine; Dr. Ellen Stofan, Chief Scientist of NASA; Sam Kass, former Senior Policy Advisor for Nutrition at the White House; and Paola Antonelli, Senior Curator, Department of Architecture and Design at MoMA. In addition to the aforementioned there will also be a diverse group of thought leaders and provocateurs including chefs, scientists, journalists, activists, investors, and more.
Over the course of two days, speakers and panelists will explore how a deeper understanding of changes in science, technology, and investment strategies empowers us all to make choices today that will lead to a healthier and more equitable tomorrow.
The agenda will consist of three categories: The Future of Health: Food, Flavor, & Innovation; The Future of the Plate: Innovation in the Kitchen; and the Future of the Farm: Science and Technology Outlook.
· Gary Bennett, Bishop-MacDermott Family Professor of Psychology, Global Health and Medicine, Duke University
The JBF Food Conference will also include the James Beard Foundation Leadership Awards dinner and ceremony on Monday, October 19, at Hearst Tower, co-hosted by Good Housekeeping and emceed by Andrea Reusing, chef and owner of Lantern Restaurant. Now in its fifth year, the ceremony will honor five visionaries across a broad range of backgrounds who influence how, why, and what we eat. All five of the 2015 Leadership Awards recipients— Don Bustos, Eliot Coleman, Saru Jayaraman, Sam Kass, Bryant Terry—will also be participating in the conference.
Conference attendees are also invited to the official welcome reception, featuring the winners of the Better Burger Project, on Sunday, October 18 from 6:00–8:00 P.M. at the James Beard House (167 West 12th Street, NYC).
As I've posited more than once on here: sometimes my shots are a result of waiting for hours in expectation of something great, and sometimes they are just a matter of dumb luck. Well, sometimes they require both in equal measures.
The red panda exhibit is one of my favourite places to shoot photos at the Toronto Zoo. There are no obstructions (screens, glass, etc.) and the exhibit itself is quite lovely. It can be quite frustrating at times, though, as it's often hit-or-miss as to whether these adorable fur bundles will actually be out and about, and not sleeping somewhere inside their fenced-in paddock. Anything other than relatively moderate temperatures will ordinarily find them seeking shade or warmth inside; the rest of the time, when they aren't asleep outside they are flitting about rather rapidly, which can pose problems of its own as their habitat is not particularly well-lit. Still, when you do get "that shot" it's supremely rewarding because their colours – and those of the background – usually make for a striking picture.
On this particular day, in early December a couple of years ago, the temperature was hovering around freezing and it had just started to snow. The newly renovated Eurasia Wilds had just reopened and I found myself heading there first on most visits to the Zoo, this day being no exception. I wasn't holding out much hope of seeing either Cassie or Ralphie, though, as the cold seemed to suggest they'd be seeking out warmer quarters. I was pleasantly surprised to see them both wandering around when I arrived, but as I got my camera out of my bag Cassie headed up a ramp made out of a tree bough and began to curl into a ball in her "hammock". I turned my attention to Ralphie for a little while, then considered moving on to the camels because Cassie didn't appear to be in any hurry to leave her comfortable perch. But she just looked so adorable curled up there that I decided to stay for a while. There were hardly any other visitors around so it was a pretty good place to just relax and find some Zen. After a little while, Cassie began to rouse herself and suddenly raised her head up to look down at Ralphie, still moving about on the ground beneath her. Having thankfully not put my camera away I brought it up to my eye, focused on Cassie's face in a tight zoom, and began to shoot. I'm not sure if it was the sound of the camera or just the realization that somebody was there watching (remember, they had been out of the public's eye for a couple of years), but Cassie sleepily looked directly at me and held her gaze for several seconds. That's when I was able to get some ridiculously cute shots, including the one I used for October in this year's calendar. I think what really makes this particular shot stand out for me is the way Cassie has her ears kind of pinned back; this was the case solely because she had been sleeping in a tight ball only moments earlier. Patience + timing = huge reward.
After I created the calendar I went back to the original image of Cassie. Because I was unrestricted by the demands of an 8 1/2 x 11 inch page, I re-cropped it in a way that I found quite pleasing (Rule of Thirds and all that). Then I began to play around with the colours in PhotoShop, It's not perfect – note the splash of colours over her right paw – but it wasn't bad for a first attempt (I've since been able to perfect it). This image made me so happy that when Vistaprint prompted me to consider buying a t-shirt with one of my photos on it – for a huge discount – I jumped at the chance and uploaded this shot. I'm pretty happy with the way it turned out; on the shirt, the left-over colour patch is virtually unnoticeable. I'm seriously considering playing around with this "colour subject on black & white background" effect quite a bit more and using the best ones as images for our hallway at home.
For anyone trying to work out how to tell them apart, here are a couple of photos of the two of them in the same frame. In the first one, Ralphie is on the left. He is much darker and redder than Cassie, the rings on his tail are far less pronounced, and he is smaller (the weight difference is actually much greater today than two years ago). In the second photo...well, let's see if you can work it out for yourself. There's a very big hint in the slightly blurry background!
Quick historical note about the two types of panda: red pandas were actually discovered first. The best theory on the etymology of the name "panda" is it is derived from the Nepalese "nigalya ponya", which translates as "eater of bamboo". When the larger, more famous, black & white animal was discovered 50 years later, scientists took note of the similar diet and habitat, but also the astounding evolutionary adaptation of a "pseudo-thumb" (sort of an "extra digit" formed from an extension of the wrist bone) with which these two species were able to grip bamboo in order to eat it. To differentiate, the names "giant panda" and "lesser panda" were used – although, to anyone who has seen them, the larger creatures are anything but "giant". It wasn't until quite recently that zoologists worked out that giant pandas are actually related to bears, whereas the lesser – or "red" – pandas are a species unto themselves, their closest cousins being raccoons. One last cool note: in Mandarin, a panda is known as "Xióngmāo", which translates best as "bear cat". This really makes sense when you look at the original panda (the lesser panda); the name now is taken to mean the giant pandas, though, which makes a little less sense. I'm oversimplifying quite a bit, but those are the basics.
I've another red panda photo from this past year that is so sweet I might not be able to keep it out of 2017's calendar. The competition, however, is very stiff indeed; only time will tell. I hope to have it finalized and an order placed before this week is out. I'll keep you all posted!
Next month: an animal I finally featured in a month other than December or January, with a shot taken with the use of a borrowed lens. Tune in then!
Ask, and it shall be given to you; seek, and you shall find; knock, and it shall be opened to you. For every one who asks receives; and he who seeks finds; and to him who knocks it shall be opened. Or what man is there of you, whom if his son asks bread, will give him a stone? Or if he asks for a fish, will he give him a serpent? If you then, being evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more shall your Father who is in heaven give good things to those who ask him? (Matt. 7:7-11)
In this well-known passage, Jesus describes three kinds of prayer. In our times of asking, we go to Him with personal petitions. In seeking prayer, we look to Him for guidance, clarity, and more of His presence. When we knock, we’re hitting on something that needs to be opened for ourselves or for others – something that’s resisting us temporarily. Any large undertaking will need large doses of the knocking kind of prayer in order to remove obstacles and “prepare the way of the Lord.” Knocking prayer is prayer that will need to be constant and at times even fervent.
For anyone who sees a long road ahead of him, the good news is this: Jesus gave the same encouragement to knocking people as he did to the “askers and seekers” – to him who knocks it shall be opened!
Lord, build some “heavenly fortitude” into me. In too many things and in too many ways I have failed at prayer, for I have only asked or questioned when I ought to have knocked. Bring me and bring us as a people into the power of steadfast, determined and tenacious prayer that overcomes the resistance of the enemy and unleashes Your almightiness in our situations. I believe that You will give us good things – if we ask!
Hello little leaf. You make me smile as I watch and listen to you slide across the pavement. You are small and seemingly unimportant, but you mean as much as the bigger leaves I see on the ground. Your life was just as important. You had your place. Now you have fallen to the ground to dry and wither, cast aside by the tree that mothered you. Your return to the soil is your return to where it all began. It is the end of one journey and the beginning of another. It has come full circle.
It’s with great pleasure that we introduce The Hog Ring community to our newest site sponsor: NC Carpet Binding & Equipment.
For over 69 years, NC Carpet Binding & Equipment has been an industry-leading manufacturer of industrial sewing machines for upholstery, carpet, netting and turf.
Founded by family members Maliad Maher and Joseph Caplan after World War II, NC Carpet Binding & Equipment has a long history of innovation and is renowned for developing a range of custom sewing machines. In fact, NC Carpet Binding & Equipment invented the first bobbin-less, zigzag, double chain lock stitch machine to bind carpets in one pass, as well as the first bobbin-less portable carpet binder and portable serger.
Today, NC Carpet Binding & Equipment has a large selection of high-quality sewing machines for a range of industries — including automotive upholstery.
No doubt, you’ve seen some amazing car interiors that were trimmed using NC sewing machines. For example, Dan Miller Auto Upholstery in Westlake Village, California, used the NC6 machine to trim the interior of the VLF Force 1 supercar, which was showcased at this year’s Detroit Auto Show. Many auto upholstery shops also use the NC6L, a long-arm sewing machine, that’s the largest and most affordable in its class.
We spoke with Maliad’s son Mal Maher, director of domestic and international sales, website design and marketing efforts, to learn more about what NC Carpet Binding & Equipment has to offer The Hog Ring community — and boy were we impressed!
We manufacture our carpet machines and source upholstery machines from the likes of Seiko- Japan. Of course, we are a large reseller of Juki Machines too. NC Specialty Machines like our 30” long arm and twin needle walking foot are sourced from a dedicated mill we’ve trusted for decades. In all cases, our machines are built to last a lifetime. In fact, many from the 1950s are still in operation today.
With over 16,000 clients worldwide, we provide equipment to the likes of General Motors, Honda, Gulfstream, Corvette America, all four U.S. Military Branches and Will Castro Designs of the hit TV show “Unique Rides” on Velocity.
However, the majority of our customer base is comprised of small, independently owned upholstery shops, carpet installers, carpet mills and carpet stores.
Every NC machine comes with a maintenance and training video that illustrates threading, usage, proper maintenance and minor repairs. The videos help accelerate the learning curve and teach operators how to maintain their NC machines.
We specialize in the setup of entire interior workrooms and sewing plants. In this, we help with every element of setup. Of course, discounted machine pricing is provided. Equally important, an onsite technician will accompany your equipment for factory setup and training.
Most recently, we set up factory workrooms for Embraer, Airworthy Aerospace and Worldwide Autosports.
NC backs up its industry leading machinery with same-day repair service. Our second-to-none staff of engineers and technicians provide 24-hour turn-around time on all sewing machine repairs. We also repair and stock parts for Juki, Consew, Seiko, Singer and Pfaff sewing machines.
Yes. At any given time we stock over 200 used sewing machines. We sell them as reconditioned units and they all carry a new machine warranty.
In 2012, we launched a 12-month, interest-free financing program. We pay all the interest for you, which allows you to only pay for your machinery and supplies. It’s been a wonderful tool for existing companies looking to defer payments and has helped new start-ups blossom.
Our family has shipped worldwide since the 1950s. We annually ship to six continents (sorry, no NC Machines in Antarctica).
NC Carpet Binding & Equipment has chosen to sponsor The Hog Ring because they believe in our mission to grow and strengthen the auto upholstery industry. Their sponsorship will help offset the costs of running this website, and allow us to continue bringing you industry news, product reviews and more.
Please show your appreciation by giving them your business. To learn more about NC Carpet Binding & Equipment’s products and services, call toll free: (800) 526-1184 or visit www.n-ccarpet.com.
Hello NC Binding! Sorry it’s taken me so long to say thank you for joining The Hog Ring. Sewing and serging machines are an area that I always want to know more about, so it’s great to have you on board!
Thrush is a fairly common affection occurring in the mouth in bottle-fed infants. White patches are seen on the tongue and lining membrane of the mouth, and the child will probably have sore buttocks. Scrupulous attention should be paid to cleanliness of bottles and teats, these being boiled after each feed and kept immersed in cold boiled water between feeds. The patches in the mouth should not be cleaned after the child has had a feed.
Thrush infection sometimes occurs in adults, especially in the genital areas, causing a form of intertrigo. It may also cause peeling and oozing between or beneath the toes, or give rise to white leathery patches the fingers.
These eruptions may be treated by local application of nystatin ointment or crystal violet (gentian violet) solution, while nystatin tablets may be given by mouth. For infants, nystatin suspension may be applied to the inside of the mouth three times daily.
Occasionally thrush round the nails is seen in housewives or cooks, the areas being swollen, red and tender, the condition tends to be chronic unless the hands are kept dry. A 2 per cent solution of crystal violet (gentian violet), or a 1 in 1,000 solution of proflavine should be applied and sometimes X-ray treatment is use din very chronic cases.
Dandruff or scurf is a mildly infectious disease of the sebaceous glands of the scalp, characterized by the copious production of horny white or yellow scales. The secretion may be so thick as to mat together the hair, or so dry as to fall off the head in a shower when the hair is combed. It is a common cause of early baldness, especially of the temple and crown, and causes irritation of the scalp; seborrhceic dermatitis may develop on other parts of the body. There is often reddening of the forehead along the margin of the hair. The heads of babies may be infected soon after birth by scales of dandruff from the mother’s hair.
Should the amount of scales be considerable, especially if there are crusts as in the case of small children, the best procedure consists in oiling the scalp overnight with olive oil, and washing off the oil in the morning with soft soap and water. The scalp needs a shampoo two or three times a week with selenium sulphide solution (Selsum). For excessive oiliness, a 10 per cent solution of sodium sulphacetamide is excellent. A more chronic case may require resorcinol lotion or ointment.
The different forms of ringworm are due to various fungi which may attack the scalp, body, skin or nails. The varieties more commonly seen are:
A rarer form called tinea cxutus or dxobt itch occurs in the groins and thighs, while tinea redts is well known as athlete’s foot and the nails may be affected by Tinea, TI gium.
On the body the lesion may be popular, in pink scaly rings, nodules, or plaques. On the scalp it usually occurs in children; the incubation period is up to two weeks and the patch begins as a pink area with scales around the hairs which are dry and broken and can easily be pulled out. It must be borne in mind that there may be associated eruptions such as seborrhea or impetigo which may mask the ringworm appearance. The disease tends to disappear spontaneously at puberty, but occasionally alopecia areata follows.
Treatment of ringworm of the scalp necessitates isolation and segregation of the patient’s towels and toilet articles. The hair should be cut close over the affected area. All older treatments have been superseded by griseofulvin, and antibiotic derived from strains of Penicillium, which is given by mouth as tablets for three to six weeks. As the new hair grows in, it is then resistant to the fungus.
For the body variety of ringworm the crusts and scales must be removed and the area rubbed will with sulphur and salicylic acid ointment. For ringworm of the toes, the region should be soaked in potassium permanganate solution and painted with castellani’s paint; a fungicide powder, such as Tineafax, is then dusted on.
Favus is also a contagious fungus disease producing yellow cup-shaped crusts which first appear on the scalp and may spread to the body. The patches tend to coalesce, and form a mass like a honeycomb; an unpleasant odour of mice or of a musty nature is characterise. The hair is very dull, but does not break as easily a in ringworm. Bald areas, however, are produced in time and the disease often proves very intractable. The treatment is again to prevent contagion, while an ointment containing mercury, salicylic acid, and resorcinol in lanolin is used, the crusts being removed with olive oil, and a soap and spirit shampoo given. Like ringworm, favus responds will to griseofulvin.
Monday's college women's volleyball result: Delaware Valleys falls 3-2 - Sports - The Intelligencer - Doylestown, PA
Delaware Valley College jumped out to a 2-0 lead but could not hold on as host Penn State Berks rallied for the 3-2, non-conference victory. Set scores were 14-25, 21-25, 25-16, 25-22 and 17-15.
The Aggies (8-7) had nine kills and just one error in the fifth and decisive set, but the Lions (6-5) pulled out the set and the win thanks to 11 of their 50 overall kills.
Janel Gluch had 14 kills for Delaware Valley while Gina Page added 10 kills and 13 digs. Alyssa Riggins finished with eight kills and 26 digs. Alex DeFranceso and Destinee Horning combined for 32 digs while Alissa Frederick had 10 digs. Crystal Ronan tallied 36 assists, 20 digs and 11 service aces (five shy of the school record).
Sophia Zhang notched 21 kills for Penn State Berks. Heleanna Davison had nine blocks while Jordan Heath handed out 44 assists.
Delaware Valley returns to Freedom Conference action on Wednesday, October 2 when it travels to Misericordia University. |
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My friend has a HP Compaq running windows xp, he just updated to xp service pack three along with various other updates from Microsoft Windows. Unfortunately now when he turns his computer on it flashes a screen and then continually reboots. We can't log on through safe mode and have tried using something called Recovery Console without success (although we are not sure we are using it correctly any suggestions would be appreciated)
He also doesn't have the HP disk with windows xp that came with the computer but has access to a disk from a Dell computer with windows xp if it can be used?
He told me he tried using the CD to boot up the system by pressing F10 and received this error message.
If anyone has any ideas as to what he might be able to do to get his system up and running please let me know so I can pass the information along to him thank you
Since you cannot get into safe mode, and it seems that recovery console does not work for you, i would try doing a repair install.
While it would be better to use a retail Microsoft XP CD, i have used a Dell recovery CD to reinstall XP on some computers without problems. My Dell XP CD has a blue label on it and i have heard that only later CD's can be used on any computer at all. Mine was included with a trade-in computer.
OK he has followed the instructions, how to repair windows xp and everything works fine until the last step. It acts as if it's going to load then quickly recycles an asks if he wants to boot from the CD by pressing f8... any reasons why this might be happening?
Thank you for your time but I guess he won't be needing any more help he's decided to fix it the redneck way with a sledge hammer!
if I move the router close to one of them I can get a strong signal on that computer but no signal or very weak on the other computer (both desktops)
The weak signal will most likely be because your wireless router is in the basement and so the signal range will be affect greatly. If you want to connect a computer wired rather than wireless then you would connect your computer to the router not the modem. I'm assuming your router has free ports on the back. So your configuration would be modem plugs into router and then the other computer connects to a spare port on the router as well. To do this you will need an Ethernet cable - probably a Cat 5e UTP cable.
Before I delve into the mater. You said you have a modem and router. Look on the back of the router if you have additional Ethernet ports. (Will look like the cable connecting the modem to the router) Then you are set. Now if you plan on tackling this your self then continue to read on. Otherwise still read it over and consider having an licensed electrician come out and do the actual install for you. Since most locals have building codes that prevent you from hiring anyone to do the type of work to do a proper installation, but they have loopholes to allow a DIY'er to do it themselves.
The hardest part of hard wiring them in is figuring out how you want it done. The best way and the cleanest way is make a hole in each wall and feed the network line in through the walls. Doing this would be the best way to do it, you won't see any cables on the floor and in the end it will look nicer. If you are uncomfortable to do it that way you can run the cables along the sides of the walls down to the router and call it a day that way. But then you have the cables running over the house.
If both computers are on the first floor or the floor directly over the basement then you can get away with notching a hole in the floor in each room the computer is in and drop the line that way.
But depending on the network you wish to have either a CAT5E or CAT6 cable will do. IF you plan on using a 1gb+ network in the future then you will want CAT6 for full usability. Now keep in mind that Cat5E will handle it but remember that some cable manufactures say Cat5e but in reality it isn't.
Also remember any network cable be it Cat5E or Cat6 has a length limitation of 100 meters (about 300 ft). There are a few guides on how to crimp your own ends. and Most of the plugs for the wall use a punch down method. It is fairly easy to assemble. Give your self a good day if you've never done anything like this before to get it done right.
Last note, If you plan on running the network lines near major power junctions and you use UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) you will get EMI (electronic magnetic interference) which will degrade the line quality. So keep that in mind so you can try to avoid major power junctions when you are running the wires. Also remember that if you have to run cables near any major power junctions you may want to consider using STP (Shielded Twisted Pair), but it is more expensive and for it to work right the whole line needs to be STP for it to be effective.
Also, if your questioning on price. If you don't have the tools, then plan on it being about $100-200 for lines, ends, temrinal crimper, wall jacks, face plates, and jack boxes. If you have the terminal crimper knock $30-50 off of the price. If you go Cat5E make sure all the components are rated at Cat5E standards at least, Cat6 Components will work and are backward compatible with Cat5E components. But all Cat6 equipment will perform at Cat5E performance.
I hope I didn't confuse you more, but once you get the hang of it; it is quick and easy to install additional lines and add more hardware to expand the network in the future. Good luck and if you have anymore questions just ask, we are here to help. |
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Owning or operating a commercial vehicle or fleet of them carries with it important responsibilities around driver hours, tachograph management, vehicle testing and maintenance and knowing about vehicle standards.
Did you know! –All operators of Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCVs) are required by law to make an online ‘Self-Declaration’ to the RSA in relation to their Heavy Goods Vehicles, Goods trailers, Buses and Ambulances!
Haulage is a mature industry that demands high levels of competence and professionalism not only from drivers but from the owners and operators of haulage firms.
Private military company RSB-group provides the charitable assistance to the officer of special forces “Vympel” Aleksey Prikazchikov.
Major Prikazchikov was born and grew in Tashkent. In the year 1993 graduated from the Alma-Ata border college of KGB USSR named by F.E. Dzerzhinsky. He started serving as an officer of the border control in the Sheremetyevo. But he was not happy, while working there, that is why he wrote a report concerning the transfer to the combat unit of FSS. After that he continued serving in the well-known division of FSS “Vympel”.
He took part in the special operations concerning the destruction of the bandit groups during the first and second Chechen wars. He personally took part in the children hostage release in Budenovsk and Buynaksk. He was awarded with the state awards.
Aleksey Prikazchikov never hid behind the friends’ back, and never was left as a reserve. It happened so, that the officer, who protected lives and risked his own life, is now bedridden with a severe injury. Russian government, politics, different veteran organizations and funds do not need invalid officer. We, his friends, cannot stand aside and just observe. Every day he needs very expensive medicine, treatment, surgeries and even a support to this courageous person.
5% from our profits, after the payment of our services we, Russian private security company RSB-Group, transfer to major Prikazchikov mother, as she is with her son all the time, and is supporting him with her small pension.
If there are those, who would like to help Major Prikazchikov, please transfer the money to the following account:
Do not be indifferent. Maybe the officer of FSS “Vympel” major Prikazchikov was protecting your life or the life of your relatives.
Maxim Krinitsyn died 1st May 2010 while saving policemen and civilians from the armed criminals from Caucasus. These criminals were drunk and took drugs, they attacked the head of the Kazan police department and they have 6 tomes wounded him with the knife. Two civilians also suffered from 17 and 3 knife wounds.
Maxim Krinitsyn was unarmed and as he was fulfilling his civil duty, buckled with the armed criminals. Maxim saved people, but died in the ambulance department. He was 27.
A plain Russian man with a courageous heart did not call for help. He just stuck up for unknown people, saved their lives but died.
The murderer of Maxim Krinitsyn is Zeinalov Elnur was born in 1989 in Alma-Ata, was detained and imprisoned for 19 years. His father and participator went unpunished.
The staffs of the RSB-Group voluntarily are blood donors in the Federal Scientifically clinical center of child’s hematology, oncology and immunology named by Dmitry Rogachev.
We hope that doing in such a way we can help sick children to prolong their lives and even assist in recovery. Sick children are our pain nowadays. We try to give them the most needed – healthy blood.
A van has plowed into pedestrians in Munster, Germany. There are reports of fatalities and injuries. It is not known yet whether this is intentional. We have LIVE BREAKING NEWS COVERAGE of the possible Munster, Germany van attack.
Corals and their endosymbiotic dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium have a fragile relationship that breaks down under heat stress, an event known as bleaching. However, many coral species have adapted to high temperature environments such as the Red Sea (RS). To investigate mechanisms underlying temperature adaptation in zooxanthellate cnidarians we compared transcriptome- and proteome-wide heat stress response (24 h at 32°C) of three strains of the model organism Aiptasia pallida from regions with differing temperature profiles; North Carolina (CC7), Hawaii (H2) and the RS. Correlations between transcript and protein levels were generally low but inter-strain comparisons highlighted a common core cnidarian response to heat stress, including protein folding and oxidative stress pathways. RS anemones showed the strongest increase in antioxidant gene expression and exhibited significantly lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in hospite. However, comparisons of antioxidant gene and protein expression between strains did not show strong differences, indicating similar antioxidant capacity across the strains. Subsequent analysis of ROS production in isolated symbionts confirmed that the observed differences of ROS levels in hospite were symbiont-driven. Our findings indicate that RS anemones do not show increased antioxidant capacity but may have adapted to higher temperatures through association with more thermally tolerant symbionts.
Coral reefs are complex and diverse ecosystems that provide habitats for thousands of marine species [1]. Climate change as a result of anthropogenic impacts has long been defined as one of the most serious and potentially fatal stressor to corals, the foundation species of coral reef ecosystems [2]. Rising sea surface temperatures have led to an increase in thermally induced stress, leading to the breakdown of the vital endosymbiotic relationship between corals and the dinoflagellate Symbiodinium [3]. The loss of these symbionts, known as bleaching, can have adverse effects on the health of corals and eventually lead to their death.
Corals are globally distributed across habitats with extremely different conditions. In particular, corals in seasonal hot waters, such as the Arabian Gulf or the Red Sea (RS), and in highly thermal variable environments, have demonstrated a capacity to adapt to a large range of temperatures [4]. Corals living in extreme environments also show improved thermal tolerance when compared to counterparts from more thermally stable habitats [5]. The overall resilience of the coral holobiont is dependent on the physiological capabilities of both partners—the coral host and associated Symbiodinium [6,7].
Coral–symbiont associations have shown geographical specificity, indicating that environmental selection of symbiosis may exist across regions and hence determine Symbiodinium community structure in corals [8]. The importance of Symbiodinium in the holobiont's capacity to respond to stressors is evident through corals ability to shuffle symbiont communities during and after stress exposure [9,10]. In particular, Symbiodinium in the RS and the Persian/Arabian Gulf (PAG) have shown higher temperature tolerance, and are suggested to be crucial in the overall thermotolerance of the holobiont [11]. However, the extent to which these two partners contribute to thermal tolerance of the holobiont is still poorly understood.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms and the contribution of the two partners that allow enhanced stress tolerance is imperative for future coral conservation efforts, particularly for attempts of assisted evolution [12]. Rapid progress in transcriptomics has indicated regulation of gene expression as a potential mechanism for acclimatization and source of genotypic variation [13]. Studies focusing on various coral species have corroborated key pathways involved in thermal tolerance including protein folding, apoptosis and oxidative stress response [4,14].
Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is increased in both cnidarian and symbiotic cells in response to elevated temperatures. The consequent elevation of oxidative stress, primarily owing to the symbiont, is thought to be one of the main causes for coral bleaching [15]. The increased ROS production of the symbiont leaks to the host, leading to cellular damage and initiation of apoptosis in the coral cells [16]. Hence, thermotolerant symbionts have been accredited with lower levels of ROS production during heat stress exposure, therefore reducing direct stress to the coral [17,18]. In turn, a thermotolerant host has a higher threshold for ROS levels through antioxidant responses, allowing sufficient detoxification to prevent bleaching [18].
While a significant amount of information regarding thermotolerance mechanisms has been obtained on a transcriptomic level, investigations into the proteome have so far been sparse. A narrow assortment of papers uses proteomic analysis to elaborate on fundamental cnidarian biology under stress response [19,20]. Easy availability of mRNA data has led to an increased dependence on the transcriptome to answer questions regarding biological response and functionality. However, previous investigations into mRNA–protein dynamics have shown a lack in their expected correlation [21,22]. These low correlations between transcript and protein levels raise the question of whether gene expression is an accurate proxy for the phenotype.
In this study, we investigated thermal stress response variations in the transcriptome and proteome of the cnidarian model organism Aiptasia pallida (sensu Exaiptasia pallida [23]) from three geographically distinct locations with different seasonal temperature profiles (figure 1). We used anemones originating from North Carolina (CC7), Hawaii (H2) and the RS to analyse differences and similarities in heat stress response. Besides their potential genotypic adaptations, the three strains associate with different Symbiodinium clades (electronic supplementary material, table S1). We investigated anemone strain specificity in thermal response to determine pathways that appear crucial for the survival in thermal extremes as well as potentially drive resilience. By employing a combined -omics approach, we provide, to our knowledge, the first comparison of transcriptome- and proteome-wide response of a zooxanthellate cnidarian to heat stress.
Annual average temperature profiles of sampling locations of the three investigated Aiptasia strains originating from North Carolina (Wilmington), Hawaii (Kāne'ohe Bay) and the Red Sea (Al Lith). The average monthly temperature is denoted by a solid line. Shading around lines represent maximum and minimum temperature (temperature data taken for closest location to sampling area from www.seatemperature.org).
Our study shows the complexity of the interacting relationship between the cnidarian host and its symbiotic partners. Furthermore, results presented indicate that the thermotolerance of the symbiont plays a crucial role in cnidarian temperature stress adaptations, highlighting the importance of understanding host–symbiont dynamics when attempting to enhance coral bleaching resilience.
Three Aiptasia strains were used in this study, all of them clonal. CC7 originated from North Carolina, NC [24], while H2 was collected from Coconut Island, HI [25]. RS was obtained from Al Lith, Saudi Arabia (20°04′58″ N, 40°07′59″ E).
All Aiptasia strains were housed in replicate (two tanks per strain) polycarbonate tanks in a strain-specific manner, and incubated at 25°C and a light intensity of approximately 80 µmol photons m−2 s−1 on a 12 h : 12 h light:dark schedule. The Aiptasia were fed with freshly hatched Artemia salina (brine shrimp) nauplii thrice per week.
Prior to the heat stress experiments, for each of the studied strains, 12 individuals were chosen and randomly subdivided into smaller (but identical) polycarbonate tanks, which guards against accidental death of stressed individuals during the experiment. These tanks were incubated without food for three days to allow the Aiptasia to settle and acclimatize to their new tanks.
For the heat stress experiment, all conditions were identical, save the temperature of the incubators. Experimental tanks were slowly ramped up in temperature from 25–32°C at the rate of 2°C per hour starting from 08.00 and reaching the target temperature by noon to mimic natural conditions. Control tanks were maintained at 25°C. The stress duration lasted from noon until noon of the next day. Samples were collected after 24 h of heat stress at noon, the middle of their daily light cycle.
Four individual biological replicates were picked from control and treatment tanks. Individuals were placed in separate Eppendorf tubes, dried by removing excess water and weighed. Based on its dry weight, a proportional amount of Buffer RLT was added to the Eppendorf tube, and the Aiptasia was crushed using a motorized pestle with Kontes RNase-free tips (Kimble Chase, Vineland, NJ) on ice.
RNA was extracted using the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) with one modification: after crushing anemones in Buffer RLT, the first flow-through (which contains the protein fraction) in the RNeasy spin columns were retained in separate Eppendorf tubes. RNA concentration of the samples was quantified using Qubit 2.0 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), and quality-checked using Bioanalyzer 2100 (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA).
The protein fraction in the flow-through was cleaned up following a manufacturer-provided protocol to precipitate proteins from Buffer RLT with acetone (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Protein concentrations were quantified via Bradford assay using BioPhotometer Plus (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany).
Total RNA from all samples (n = 8 from each strain, i.e. four from control, four from treatment) were initially subjected to a poly-dT selection step, and then used to generate libraries using the Illumina TruSeq RNA Sample Prep Kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA) per manufacturer's instructions. Sequencing was carried out on the HiSeq 2000 platform (Illumina, San Diego, CA), producing a grand total of 874 million reads.
The reads were mapped to the gene models from Aiptasia [26] with the use of Kallisto v0.42.4 [27]. To reduce ambiguity in read-mapping downstream, a custom Python script was written to pick the longest isoform on a per-loci basis, leading to the decrease of overall Aiptasia gene models from 29 269 to 27 504.
Based on the transcripts per million (TPM) values produced from Kallisto, sleuth [28] was used to identify genes that were differentially expressed (Benjamini–Hochberg-corrected p value < 0.05) under heat stress relative to control conditions.
Protein fractions were labelled using an iTRAQ labelling method according to manufacturer's protocol. Purified, digested and labelled samples were taken through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for elution of peptides into 15 fractions and then pooled down to five fractions. All samples were then run through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to produce spectral quantification of peptides.
The NanoLC-MS/MS analysis was performed using an online system consisting of a nano-pump UltiMate 3000 UHPLC binary HPLC system (Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA) coupled to a Q-Exactive HF mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Darmstadt, Germany). Peptides were resuspended in 20 µl of sample buffer (3% ACN, 0.1% formic acid) and 2 µl was injected into a pre-column 300 µm × 5 mm (Acclaim PepMap, 5 µm particle size). After loading, peptides were eluted to an Acclaim PepMap100 C18 capillary column (75 µm × 15 cm, 100 Å, 3 µm particle sizes). Peptides were eluted into the MS at a flow rate of 300 nl min−1, using a 40 min gradient from 5% to 40% mobile phase B. Mobile phase A was 0.1% formic acid in H2O and mobile phase B was 80% acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid. The MS was operated in positive and data-dependent mode, with a single MS scan (350–1400 m/z at 60 000 resolution (at 200 m/z in a profile mode) followed by MS/MS scans on the 10 most intense ions at 15 000 resolution. Ions selected for MS/MS scan were fragmented using higher energy collision dissociation (HCD) at normalized collision energy of 28% and using an isolation window of 1.8 m/z.
MaxQuant software 1.5.2.8 [29] was used for peptide and protein identification. Raw files were processed using the MaxQuant software interlinked with the local MASCOT server (Matrix Science, London, UK). Mascot searches were done against Aiptasia gene models; contaminants were excluded. Precursor mass tolerance of 20 ppm and a fragment ion mass tolerance of ±0.5 Da were used. In addition, carbamidomethyl modification on cysteine residues was used as a fixed modification, oxidation on methionine residues as variable modifications and the decoy database was selected. Further stringency was applied for a robust identification by using minimum peptide length of seven and setting the false discovery rate of 0.01.
Data processing followed a method outlined previously [30] that allows for within- and across-run comparisons without the use of a reference sample. Briefly, samples that failed to produce good quality spectral readings were removed (CC7 25 no. 1, H2 25 no. 2, RS 32 no. 2). Spectral values were log2-transformed, and subsequently a correction factor that controls for loading effect (which affects the absolute amounts of peptides detected by the machine) was subtracted from each run. Another correction factor was subtracted across runs on a per-gene basis (termed ‘median-polished log2’ in Herbrich, Cole [30]), allowing comparisons of relative expression of the same protein across samples.
Relative expressions and standard errors were then calculated for each protein in every strain-temperature combination. To remove rarely detected and low-quality peptide data, filters were instituted on a per-strain-temperature basis: only peptides detected in ≥2 iTRAQ technical replicates and ≥1 biological replicates were retained. For each strain, pairwise log2-fold changes in protein levels were calculated as the difference between mean log2-expression at 32°C and mean log2-expression at 25°C. We initially set a permissive fold change threshold of 1.2× in either direction to identify proteins that were differentially expressed under heat stress, paralleling published proteomics efforts on marine organisms [31].
To provide further statistical insight into our results, we subjected the protein values to two more stringent checks. Firstly, t-tests comparing the relative expression values of the same protein across temperatures were carried out on proteins that fulfilled the filters mentioned previously (≥2 iTRAQ technical replicates and ≥1 biological replicates, n = 4296 proteins). Secondly, inspired by a recent study on the same organism [32], we implemented a multivariate generalized linear model (GLM) to model whether protein expressions were affected by strain or temperature, or a combination of both factors, via a Python script. All calculated p values were subsequently corrected for multiple testing [33].
Based on the processed transcript and protein data, two correlations were investigated: whether absolute transcript values and absolute protein values were tightly linked, and whether relative changes of transcript expression were similar to that of protein expression under thermal stress.
A complication to both analyses was that some detected peptides (approx. 10% of all) could originate from multiple gene models. To reduce ambiguity, these peptides were removed from the dataset, and subsequently plotted with Python.
Since some detected peptides could originate from multiple gene models, if all gene models that could give rise to the differentially expressed peptide were included in the functional analysis, it would result in the over-representation of functional categories associated with the peptide. To remove this bias, a representative gene model was chosen per ambiguous peptide via a Python script.
This complication was not present for the transcript data. Functional enrichment was carried out with topgo [34] with default settings; however, the background gene set (universal set) was set as gene models with detectable expressions. This precaution, which was more applicable to the protein dataset than the transcript dataset, prevents the analysis from being biased towards gene ontology (GO) terms that are associated with expressed gene models. GO terms with p < 0.05 and occurring ≥5 times in the background set were considered significant. Multiple testing corrections were not carried out, as the tests were considered to be non-independent [34].
ROS production of symbionts in hospite during heat stress exposure was measured by repeating the stress experiment as described previously. After 24 h of heat stress, anemones were placed in individual Eppendorf tubes and incubated in 500 µl of seawater containing 5 µM CellROX Green Reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) for 2 h in the dark at both temperatures. Anemones were washed twice in phosphate buffered saline and crushed in 400 µl of cell lysis buffer (200 mM TRIS-HCl pH 7.5, 2M NaCl, 0.1% Triton 20%). Homogenates were spun down at 14 000g for 3 min, and 150 µl of the supernatants were loaded into a 96-well black clear-bottom plate. Fluorescence intensity of CellROX dye was measured at excitation of 468 nm and emission at 520 nm using SpectraMax Paradigm Multi-Mode Detection Platform (Molecular Devices, CA).
For the measurements of ROS production in Symbiodinium isolates, symbionts were extracted from four anemones of each strain prior to heat stress. Anemones were crushed in 1 ml autoclaved seawater containing kanamycin, ampicillin and streptomycin (50, 100 and 50 µg ml−1 respectively) using a Wheaton tissue grinder. The homogenates were filtered through a 40 µl mesh to remove larger cellular debris. The resulting filtrates were equally divided into two 500 µl fractions, then incubated separately at 25°C (control) and at 32°C for 24 h.
Post-incubation, symbiont counts were performed on 100 µl of the filtrates using a Guava easyCyte 8HT benchtop flow cytometer (Millipore, MA). Of the remaining filtrate, 300 µl was spun down at 5000g for 3 min. The supernatant was removed and incubated with CellROX for 2 h at 25°C, and fluorescence measurements were conducted as described previously. The resulting measurements were normalized against total cell counts.
To compare antioxidative responses of the three studied strains, differential expression analyses were carried out between strains at the same temperature in a pairwise fashion (i.e. H2 versus CC7, RS versus CC7, RS versus H2). This was possible because our analyses were based on data mapped against Aiptasia gene models [26] instead of against de novo strain-specific transcriptomes. Methods used to carry out these analyses were analogous to the comparisons of transcriptomes and proteomes of the same strain under different temperatures described in previous subsections.
From the resulting outputs, we specifically searched for 98 gene models annotated with putative oxidative stress-related function (e.g. thioredoxin reductase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase and peroxidasin). The outputs were further concatenated into tables that list the relative fold changes of all relevant pairwise comparisons (electronic supplementary material, supplemental dataset S2).
Extracted DNA from four RS Aiptasia at 25°C were subjected to a PCR targeting the ITS2 regions of Symbiodinium (using the primers SYM_VAR_FWD and SYM_VAR_REV [35]). These samples were 4 of 96 samples sequenced on a MiSeq run. Reads from these samples were pooled (757 132 paired-end reads), trimmed with cutadapt v1.16 [36], and merged into a single read with bbmerge v37.93 [37] to produce 348 488 reads (with length ≥200 bp).
These reads were clustered at 97% similarity with cdhit-est v4.7 [38] to produce 73 clusters—the 10 most abundant clusters were parsed with a Python script. Representative sequences of these clusters were subjected to a BLASTN search against nt, and clade information of the best Symbiodinium hits were searched for manually.
Similar to previous studies that combined transcriptomic and proteomic approaches, we found substantially more genes with detectable transcripts (23 635 genes, 85.9% of all Aiptasia gene models) than proteins (4014 genes, 14.6%). Of the total detected proteins, 98% were successfully assigned to a matching transcript. To assess correlations between transcript and protein abundances, we performed linear regressions for samples at control (25°C) and under heat stress (32°C) (figure 2). These analyses indicated a similarly weak but highly significant correlation (r2 ≈ 0.2, p-value < 10−300) across all strains and temperatures, suggesting that short-term heat stress does not significantly alter the correlation between absolute transcript and protein levels.
Correlation of protein abundance with mRNA expression at control (25°C) and heat stress (32°C) for each biological replicate. Expression values were log2-transformed to better approximate normal distributions. Linear regressions were calculated for control and stress conditions across all replicates of a given strain. Darker colours represent heat stress; lighter ones represent control. SCPM, spectral counts per million; TPM, transcripts per million.
Furthermore, we investigated whether transcripts and their respective proteins display similar relative changes under thermal stress. Surprisingly, the previously identified moderate correlation was abolished when correlating the temperature-driven changes of transcripts to that of their proteins (all r2 ≃ 0; electronic supplementary material, figure S1). We hypothesized that the poor correlation of temperature-driven changes could be owing to a large proportion of proteins not being significantly different between the tested conditions (mean = 6%). It is possible that proteins with significant fold change would have transcripts differentially expressed in the same direction—thus, the removal of all non-significantly expressed proteins should result in an improved correlation. However, the correlation remained zero across all strains (electronic supplementary material, figure S2, r2 ≃ 0), indicating that significant changes of protein abundances occur independently from detectable changes in transcript levels.
To better understand this paradox, we investigated the direction of expression change. Focusing on the subset of differentially expressed proteins, we observed roughly equal numbers of concordant changes (e.g. upregulated protein and upregulated transcript) and discordant ones (e.g. upregulated protein with downregulated transcript) (electronic supplementary material, figure S3). Overall, RS had the highest concordance (12%), followed by CC7 (7%) and H2 (3%). The lack of protein–mRNA matches, along with the presence of oppositely matching pairs, provide an explanation for the previously observed absence in fold change correlations.
To assess inter-strain response to heat stress, we compared the lists of differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) and proteins (DEPs). Initial analysis revealed H2 as an outlier, with only 510 DETs detected in the transcriptome in comparison to 1226 and 2888 in CC7 and RS respectively. Comparison of DETs between strains showed 170 common genes (83 up, 87 downregulated). Included in these are established heat response genes such as HSP90, HSP70, HSP90 co-chaperone Cdc37, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, calreticulin and calumenin-B. While CC7 and H2 had around 50% of their total DETs downregulated, RS had 57%. Additionally, 67% of RS DETs were not detected in any of the other strains (electronic supplementary material, table S2). In particular, we found more HSP70, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase and peroxidasin transcripts differently expressed in RS than in the other strains. Comparison of DETs between strains showed that RS and CC7 (613 DETs) had more similarities to each other than to H2 (RS versus H2: 326, CC7 versus H2: 185).
The number of DEPs after heat stress was generally much lower, with a maximum of 294 proteins in CC7, followed by 275 and 151 in H2 and RS respectively showing absolute fold-changes of more than 1.2. Using a t-test, only one protein was deemed significantly expressed after multiple test correction (corrected p < 0.05): AIPGENE10033 (ADP ribosylation-related protein) in RS. Similarly, a GLM as employed by Oakley, Durand [32] identified only one protein that was differentially expressed due to temperature: AIPGENE18140 (programmed cell death interacting protein).
Functional enrichment of the DETs revealed a total of 24 significantly enriched GO terms that overlapped between the strains (electronic supplementary material, table S3). Particular noteworthy terms were related to protein misfolding, oxidative stress, mRNA splicing, endoplasmic reticulum stress and iron binding.
When categorized into higher-order terms, protein misfolding pathways appear to be positively enriched in all strains, especially CC7 (electronic supplementary material, supplemental dataset S1). In addition, terms related to oxidative stress response were predominant in RS, showing twice as many than any of the other strains (figure 3). Included in these were unique responses related to superoxide dismutase (GO:0004784), regulation of nitric oxide (GO:0045429) and peroxidase activity (GO:0004601). H2 lacked many of the coping pathway enrichments seen in the other strains (figure 3). As there were few DEPs that passed our stringent analysis, we were unable to perform a similar functional enrichment analysis for the protein data.
Heatmap of GO terms related to unfolded protein response, metabolism and oxidative stress from three Aiptasia pallida transcriptomes. Selected terms illustrate strain-specific differential transcriptomic responses to heat stress (p < 0.05). Empty boxes denote differences that were not significant (p ≥ 0.05).
Overall, RS and CC7 both showed a broader response to heat stress than H2, through their activation of a variety of gene homologues and essential stress response pathways; indicating strain-specific differences in temperature response. However, both DET and GO-term enrichment analysis indicated a strong antioxidant response in RS anemones, which stood apart from the others (electronic supplementary material, tables S2 and S3; figure 3). Hence, we hypothesized that RS anemones may have adapted to warmer waters through improved antioxidant capacity. Additionally, while our investigation centred around the role of the cnidarian host, we kept under consideration that the symbiont's thermal tolerance may be contributing to the oxidative stress experience and response of the host. Previous studies have genotyped CC7 and H2 associated symbionts as clade A (subclade A4) and B (subclade B1) respectively. Similarly, RS anemones associate with a mix of clades A and B Symbiodinium (subclades A1, A2, A4 and B1) (electronic supplementary material, table S1). To validate our hypothesis, we conducted a biochemical ROS assay.
Based on the transcriptomic responses, we predicted differences in the ability of the different host genotypes in mitigating higher ROS levels in response to heat stress. In order to assess if these differences were indeed manifested on the physiological level and whether they are host- or symbiont-driven, we quantified ROS levels of the three Aiptasia hosts by first assaying ROS production in hospite (i.e. host and symbiont) in response to heat stress (figure 4a). We did not detect any significant changes in symbiont densities in any of the anemone strains (electronic supplementary material, table S4). Subsequently, we measured the ROS production of freshly isolated Symbiodinium cultures from the respective host (i.e. symbiont only) in response to the same stress (figure 4b).
ROS produced by Symbiodinium (a) in hospite and (b) in isolate. ROS was measured for control (25°C) and heat stress (32°C) conditions and normalized against total symbiont counts. Error bars denote ±1 standard errors. *p < 0.05; n.s., not significant.
ROS abundance was generally lowest in RS and there was no significant increase in ROS production in RS under heat stress (p = 0.093) unlike in CC7 and H2 (p < 0.05 both) (figure 4a). However, when we compared these ROS levels to those of isolated symbionts we found that the ROS levels measured in hospite mirrored those of the freshly isolated symbionts (figure 4b). For all strains and conditions measured we observed a generally lower level of ROS in hospite than in the isolated symbionts, emphasizing the ability of the host in mitigating some of the ROS produced. Nonetheless, the ROS production pattern appeared to be predominantly driven by the symbiont.
We were curious to what extent ROS levels were dependent on the antioxidant capacity of the host, or the overall production of the symbiont. A possible confounding factor of the ROS assay was that the different strains of Aiptasia could have had different initial expressions of oxidative stress-related genes. Thus, the lower amounts of ROS assayed in RS samples could potentially be attributed to a higher initial level of anti-ROS transcripts in the host, and not owing to its symbiont being more adapted to heat stress. To de-convolute the role of the host further, we performed inter-strain transcriptomic and proteomic comparisons, focusing on a set of 98 genes with oxidative stress-related functions (electronic supplementary material, supplemental dataset S2).
We found that CC7 consistently had a higher abundance in antioxidant transcripts under control conditions compared to RS and H2 (24/20 and 17/12 respectively). When exposed to temperature stress, CC7 had even more transcripts at significantly higher abundances compared to both other strains. However, on a protein level, we could not detect convincing differences in the abundances of antioxidants in relation to their condition. Proteins relating to glutathione S-transferase, SOD and thioredoxin showed an overall trend of being more abundant in CC7 and H2 under control conditions. CC7 maintained significantly higher abundances of thioredoxin and SOD proteins, particularly when compared to RS. Thus, the analysis showed that: (i) RS did not have a higher antioxidant capacity than other strains; (ii) initial higher antioxidant response was not the driver of the ROS abundance measured in the assay; and (iii) oxidative stress experienced by the host is therefore mostly determined by the associated symbiont and not the antioxidant capacity of the host.
The weak but significant correlation (r2 ≈ 0.2, figure 2) between the transcriptome and proteome observed across all three investigated Aiptasia strains echo similar results in other model organisms, such as in yeast (r2 = 0.66) [39] and in mice (r2 = 0.34) [40,41]. Correlation of fold changes in protein and transcripts in response to heat stress were completely absent (r2 ≃ 0; electronic supplementary material, figure S1), again similar to observations in other model organisms [22,42,43]. While technical limitations can play a crucial factor [44], this independence is primarily biological in nature. The exposure to stress is one of various factors that can cause uncoupling of transcription and translation as a tool of biological fine-tuning (see review by Maier, Guell [40]). Since proteome changes are naturally time-dependent, and in light of protein misfolding owing to heat stress probably further delayed [45], we cannot exclude time-lag as a potential factor for the absence in fold change correlation in this study. Our observations on transcript and protein correlations are therefore not surprising, but a valuable addition to the limited number of correlation studies and the first in cnidarians. In agreement with other studies [46], results suggest that transcripts alone might not be sufficient to deduce organismal proteomic responses to stress.
Comparison of inter-strain heat stress responses highlighted several common pathways that suggest a core cnidarian response mechanism. This core response includes regulation of protein folding, oxidative stress response and calcium homeostasis [14,47]. Additionally, we observed splicing-related categories among the strains. This is not surprising, as heat shock has been shown to repress mRNA splicing in eukaryotic cells [48] and similar impacts were recently reported in corals [49]. Repressed splicing can act as a form of controlled protein production, allowing for selective expression of stress adaptation related proteins [50]. Sophisticated forms of transcriptional regulation therefore appear to play a more crucial role in cnidarian stress response than so far accredited. These processes might also contribute to the observed lack of correlation between transcriptome and proteome.
The extensive transcriptional regulation of RS anemones stands apart from that of CC7 and H2. The significantly higher number of DETs observed in RS, of which most are exclusive, may be a form of expression plasticity allowing for a faster stress response [51]. This potentially sophisticated form of gene expression control could be crucial to short- and long-term adaptations [13,52]. The higher proportion of downregulated genes may indicate that RS is able to maintain metabolic activity at reduced levels (figure 3). Control and stability of the metabolism during exposure to stressors has previously been shown to increase survival time of organisms [53] and hence plays a crucial role in heat shock resilience.
On a gene-family level, differences were not only obvious in terms of presence or absence, but also in the number of gene variants expressed. This held particularly true for RS and CC7, where both usually expressed crucial stress response genes but RS used various gene variants rather than only selected ones (electronic supplementary material, table S2). An example of such is the more abundant expression of HSP70 in RS, followed by CC7 and an absence in H2. As expression of HSP70 has shown to be a distinguishing factor between thermally tolerant and less tolerant corals [54], the results suggest that RS has an improved capacity in initial response to heat stress and has a higher thermal tolerance. This would be expected based on the significantly higher average summer temperatures prevalent in the RS (figure 1). Similar patterns were observed in genes related to oxidative stress response. Noteworthy is the significant upregulation of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid-2) observed only in RS (electronic supplementary material, table S2). Nrf2 has emerged as an important regulator of cellular resistance to oxidants and controls an array of downward antioxidant responses [55]. Absence of antioxidant response in the cnidarian proteome during a 2 day heat stress was previously observed in Acropora micropthalma [31]. Instead, the strongest proteome antioxidant response was detected in the associated symbionts, indicating their role in controlling host oxidative stress.
Efficient control of ROS has long been a mechanism accredited to thermal tolerant corals [4]. However, the current perspective on oxidative stress resilience is a mixed one where both partners, the coral host and the symbiont, have shown to contribute [17,18]. Since thermotolerance of Symbiodinium is highly variable, knowing the associate symbiont clades is important in understanding holobiont thermal resilience; clade A Symbiodinium are generally consider more thermotolerant [56,57].
Our multi-omics approach showed that although all strains shift expression of antioxidant genes, RS appeared to show the highest antioxidant capacity. However, physiological measurements showed that the ROS level exposure of the host was predominantly driven by the symbiont. Interestingly, while the host evidently showed the ability to mitigate ROS produced by the symbiont, inter-strain comparisons suggest that the mitigation capacity of CC7, H2 and RS were fairly similar.
Consistent with patterns observed throughout this study, RS and CC7 had higher number of antioxidant-related transcripts than H2 in either condition. Nonetheless, we show that RS does not express significantly more antioxidant genes or proteins than the other two strains. Indeed, we detected the strongest presence of antioxidant genes in CC7 under control and heat stress. On a protein level, the most drastic changes in abundance were also observed in CC7, undermining the possibility of antioxidant capacity as an RS-specific adaptation to heat stress. Thus, there was no indication that the observed difference in ROS was driven by genotype response capacity. This corroborates that the thermal tolerance of associated symbionts is the main determinant of ROS levels and hence the overall oxidative stress experienced by the host [6,58]. The ability to establish associations with symbionts that have a higher thermal tolerance may be the most crucial mechanism underlying the adaptation of zooxanthellate cnidarians to increased temperature environments. Previous studies on Symbiodinium associated with RS corals have shown higher thermotolerance that may effectively translate into higher tolerance for the holobiont in total [35,59]. Our findings presented here support the notion that RS cnidarians adapted to their warmer surroundings through symbiosis with local, thermotolerant symbionts, instead of increasing their antioxidative capacity to deal with the increased ROS generated by less tolerant symbionts.
There is enormous interest in understanding the drivers of thermal resilience and susceptibility in corals. Results presented here highlight the complexity and interacting contribution of both partners. Efficient transcriptional regulation and plasticity appear to be important coping mechanisms of pre-exposed cnidarians and are probably important for the initial response to increasing temperatures. However, not all responses observed on a transcriptomic level translated into predicted proteomic or physiological results. Our multi-omics approach highlights the importance of secondary validation in order to produce confident and meaningful biological conclusions. With regards to oxidative stress specifically, physiological measurements validate our hypothesis that the symbiont exerts a significant influence on the overall ROS level within the host. Colonization of extreme environments may therefore have been possible through associations with more thermotolerant symbionts. However, this relation may be evolutionarily conserved, suggesting that the infection of other genotypes with heat-tolerant symbionts may not necessarily lead to overall improved tolerance. The findings presented here emphasize the importance of the symbiont in determining the thermal resilience of the holobiont, a crucial factor to consider for future attempts in aiding corals through predicted climate change impacts.
RNA-seq data are available at NCBI under project number PRJNA406873. Python scripts for proteomic analysis, and the Excel sheet providing normalized protein intensities, are available at https://github.com/lyijin/aiptasia_multi-omics, with more detailed explanations.
M.A. conceived the idea and obtained funding. M.J.C., Y.J.L., C.M. and M.A. designed experiments. M.J.C., Y.J.L., S.S.-R. and S.C. performed experiments. Y.J.L and G.C. performed bioinformatics analyses. M.J.C. analysed data. M.J.C., Y.J.L. and M.A. wrote first draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
We thank Craig Michell for RNAseq library preparation, the KAUST Bioscience Core Laboratory for library sequencing, Huoming Zhang for help in protein sequencing, and Marcela Herrera for collecting Aiptasia from the Red Sea.
. 2013 Isolation of clonal axenic strains of the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium and their growth and host specificity. J. Phycol. 49, 447–458.
. 2011 Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads. EMBnet J. 17, 10–12.
You are going to email the following Multi-omics analysis of thermal stress response in a zooxanthellate cnidarian reveals the importance of associating with thermotolerant symbionts |
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Last year the Gordon Falls Bushcare Group, having spent many hours weeding and revegetating Gordon Falls Reserve, received a certificate of appreciation from Blue Mountains City Council for 10 years service to the community. Regeneration work on creek-lines in the Reserve has been funded through the Urban Runoff Control Program. Members who remember the mass of weeds and land degradation in the reserve and on the approaches to the lovely old bushwalk through Lyrebird Dell and the Pool of Siloam have commented on the improvement. But is all this work to be in vain?
Four years ago, on land adjacent to the reserve and without Council approval, the steep, fern-covered sides of Gordon Falls Creek were bulldozed and significant areas of important creek-line vegetation were destroyed. This vegetation, immediately upslope of the National Park, had acted as a barrier to water and sediment flows for a creek which runs through Lyrebird Dell and the Pool of Siloam. The removal of large pine trees on the property had been approved, but the bulldozing of the creek-line had not.
Since the removal of the pines and the excavation of the creek banks, pine logs, needles and sediment were noticed in the creek as far down as the Pool of Siloam. Creek banks have collapsed, associated vegetation has been lost, and sediment deposits downstream have dramatically increased.
A Land Use Application for landscaping work on the property has been lodged and will soon be considered by Council. The Applicant claims the development will have a 'positive impact' on the natural environment by stabilising disturbed land-but the land wasn't disturbed until it was unlawfully bulldozed by the applicant! The application is of serious concern and should be refused for a number of reasons.
The proposed restoration of the riparian vegetation does not go far enough-a much larger area was destroyed than the proposal indicates and needs to be restored.
The development will have an adverse impact on the National Park. The proposed landscaped gardens are likely to increase the nutrients, sediment and weeds which enter the creek-line, and therefore the National Park, because of the inadequacy of a buffer to the creek-line.
The unauthorised work and proposed Landscape Plans contravene a number of requirements of Council's LEP91. |
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As the New Year rolls around, it’s always a sure bet that there will be changes to current tax law and 2018 is no different now that many of the tax provisions pursuant to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA) are in full effect. From health savings accounts to tax rate schedules and standard deductions, here’s a checklist of tax changes to help you plan the year ahead.
In 2018, a number of tax provisions are affected by inflation adjustments, including Health Savings Accounts, retirement contribution limits, and the foreign earned income exclusion. Many others have been revised or eliminated due to the TCJA.
While the tax rate structure, which now ranges from 10 to 37 percent, remains similar to 2017 in that there are seven tax brackets, the tax-bracket thresholds increase significantly for each filing status. Standard deductions also rise significantly; however, personal exemptions have been eliminated through tax year 2025.
In 2018, AMT exemption amounts increase to $$70,300 for individuals (up from $54,300 in 2017) and $109,400 for married couples filing jointly (up from $84,500 in 2017). Also, the phaseout threshold increases to $500,000 ($1 million for married filing jointly). Both the exemption and threshold amounts are indexed for inflation.
Contributions to a Health Savings Account (HSA) are used to pay current or future medical expenses of the account owner, his or her spouse, and any qualified dependent. Medical expenses must not be reimbursable by insurance or other sources and do not qualify for the medical expense deduction on a federal income tax return.
A qualified individual must be covered by a High Deductible Health Plan (HDHP) and not be covered by other health insurance with the exception of insurance for accidents, disability, dental care, vision care, or long-term care.
For calendar year 2018, a qualifying HDHP must have a deductible of at least $1,350 for self-only coverage or $2,700 for family coverage and must limit annual out-of-pocket expenses of the beneficiary to $6,650 for self-only coverage and $13,300 for family coverage.
Under the TCJA, the penalty for not maintaining minimum essential health coverage has been eliminated but only for months beginning after December 31, 2018.
Premiums for long-term care are treated the same as health care premiums and are deductible on your taxes subject to certain limitations. For individuals age 40 or younger at the end of 2018, the limitation is $420. Persons more than 40 but not more than 50 can deduct $780. Those more than 50 but not more than 60 can deduct $1,530 while individuals more than 60 but not more than 70 can deduct $4,160. The maximum deduction is $5,200 and applies to anyone more than 70 years of age.
Both Pease (limitations on itemized deductions) and PEP (personal exemption phase-out) have been eliminated under TCJA.
In 2018, the standard deduction increases to $12,000 for individuals (up from $6,350 in 2017) and to $24,000 for married couples (up from $12,700 in 2017).
For taxable years beginning in 2018, the amount that can be used to reduce the net unearned income reported on the child’s return that is subject to the “kiddie tax,” is $1,050 (same as 2017). The same $1,050 amount is used to determine whether a parent may elect to include a child’s gross income in the parent’s gross income and to calculate the “kiddie tax.” For example, one of the requirements for the parental election is that a child’s gross income for 2018 must be more than $1,050 but less than $10,500.
For 2018, the net unearned income for a child under the age of 19 (or a full-time student under the age of 24) that is not subject to “kiddie tax” is $2,100.
There are two types of Medical Savings Accounts (MSAs): the Archer MSA created to help self-employed individuals and employees of certain small employers, and the Medicare Advantage MSA, which is also an Archer MSA, and is designated by Medicare to be used solely to pay the qualified medical expenses of the account holder. To be eligible for a Medicare Advantage MSA, you must be enrolled in Medicare. Both MSAs require that you are enrolled in a high-deductible health plan (HDHP).
Self only coverage – For taxable years beginning in 2018, the term “high deductible health plan” means, for self-only coverage, a health plan that has an annual deductible that is not less than $2,300 (up $50 from 2017) and not more than $3,450 (up $100 from 2017), and under which the annual out-of-pocket expenses required to be paid (other than for premiums) for covered benefits do not exceed $4,600 (up $100 from 2017).
Family coverage – For taxable years beginning in 2018, the term “high deductible health plan” means, for family coverage, a health plan that has an annual deductible that is not less than $4,600 and not more than $6,850 (up $100 from 2017), and under which the annual out-of-pocket expenses required to be paid (other than for premiums) for covered benefits do not exceed $8,400 (up $150 from 2017).
In 2018, the deduction threshold for deductible medical expenses is temporarily reduced (tax years 2018 through 2025) to 7.5% percent (down from 10% in 2017) of adjusted gross income (AGI).
The additional 0.9 percent Medicare tax on wages above $200,000 for individuals ($250,000 married filing jointly), which went into effect in 2013, remains in effect for 2018, as does the Medicare tax of 3.8 percent on investment (unearned) income for single taxpayers with modified adjusted gross income (AGI) more than $200,000 ($250,000 joint filers). Investment income includes dividends, interest, rents, royalties, gains from the disposition of property, and certain passive activity income. Estates, trusts, and self-employed individuals are all liable for the new tax.
In 2018 tax rates on capital gains and dividends remain the same as 2017 rates (10%, 15%, and a top rate of 20%); however threshold amounts are different in that they don’t correspond to new tax bracket structure as they did in the past. For taxpayers in the lower tax brackets (10 and 12 percent), the rate remains 0 percent; however, the threshold amounts are $38,600 for individuals and $77,200 for married filing jointly. For taxpayers in the four middle tax brackets, 22, 24, 32, and 35 percent, the rate is 15 percent. For an individual taxpayer in the highest tax bracket, 37 percent, whose income is at or above $425,800 ($479,000 married filing jointly), the rate for both capital gains and dividends is capped at 20 percent.
For an estate of any decedent during calendar year 2018, the basic exclusion amount is $11,200,000, indexed for inflation (up from $5,490,000 in 2017). The maximum tax rate remains at 40 percent. The annual exclusion for gifts increases to $15,000.
In 2018, a non-refundable (only those individuals with tax liability will benefit) credit of up to $13,840 is available for qualified adoption expenses for each eligible child.
For tax years 2018 through 2025, the child tax credit increases to $2,000 per child, up from $1,000 in 2017, thanks to the passage of the TCJA.
The enhanced child tax credit, which was made permanent by the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act of 2017 (PATH), remains under TCJA. The refundable portion of the credit increases from $1,000 to $1,400 so that even if taxpayers do not owe any tax, they can still claim the credit. Under TCJA, a $500 nonrefundable credit is also available for dependents who do not qualify for the child tax credit (e.g., dependents age 17 and older).
For tax year 2018, the maximum earned income tax credit (EITC) for low and moderate income workers and working families rises to $6,444, up from $6,318 in 2017. The credit varies by family size, filing status, and other factors, with the maximum credit going to joint filers with three or more qualifying children.
The Child and Dependent Care Credit also remains under tax reform. If you pay someone to take care of your dependent (defined as being under the age of 13 at the end of the tax year or incapable of self-care) in order to work or look for work, you may qualify for a credit of up to $1,050 or 35 percent of $3,000 of eligible expenses in 2018.For two or more qualifying dependents, you can claim up to 35 percent of $6,000 (or $2,100) of eligible expenses. For higher income earners the credit percentage is reduced, but not below 20 percent, regardless of the amount of adjusted gross income.
The American Opportunity Tax Credit (formerly Hope Scholarship Credit) was extended to the end of 2018 by ATRA but was made permanent by PATH in 2017. There was no change under TCJA. The maximum credit is $2,500 per student. The Lifetime Learning Credit remains at $2,000 per return; however, the adjusted gross income amount used by joint filers to determine the reduction in the Lifetime Learning Credit is $114,000, up from $112,000 for tax year 2017.
In 2018 (as in 2017), the $2,500 maximum deduction for interest paid on student loans is no longer limited to interest paid during the first 60 months of repayment. The deduction is phased out for higher-income taxpayers with modified AGI of more than $65,000 ($135,000 joint filers).
The elective deferral (contribution) limit for employees who participate in 401(k), 403(b), most 457 plans, and the federal government’s Thrift Savings Plan increases to $18,500. Contribution limits for SIMPLE plans remain at $12,500. The maximum compensation used to determine contributions increases to $275,000 (up from $270,000 in 2018).
In 2018, the AGI limit for the saver’s credit (also known as the retirement savings contribution credit) for low and moderate income workers is $63,000 for married couples filing jointly, up from $62,000 in 2017; $47,250 for heads of household, up from $46,500; and $31,500 for married individuals filing separately and for singles, up from $31,000 in 2017.
The deduction for taxpayers making contributions to a traditional IRA is phased out for singles and heads of household who are covered by an employer-sponsored retirement plan and have modified AGI between $63,000 and $73,000, up from $62,000 to $72,000.
For married couples filing jointly, in which the spouse who makes the IRA contribution is covered by an employer-sponsored retirement plan, the phase-out range increases to $101,000 to $121,000, up from $99,000 to $119,000. For an IRA contributor who is not covered by an employer-sponsored retirement plan and is married to someone who is covered, the deduction is phased out if the couple’s modified AGI is between $189,000 and $199,000, up from $186,000 and $196,000.
The modified AGI phase-out range for taxpayers making contributions to a Roth IRA is $120,000 to $135,000 for singles and heads of household, up from $118,000 to $133,000. For married couples filing jointly, the income phase-out range is $189,000 to $199,000, up from $186,000 to $196,000. The phase-out range for a married individual filing a separate return who makes contributions to a Roth IRA is not subject to an annual cost-of-living adjustment and remains $0 to $10,000.
In 2018, the rate for business miles driven is 54.5 cents per mile, up from 53.5 cents per mile in 2017.
Businesses are allowed to immediately deduct 100% of the cost of eligible property placed in service after September 27, 2017, and before January 1, 2023, after which it will be phased downward over a four-year period: 80% in 2023, 60% in 2024, 40% in 2025, and 20% in 2026.
Extended through 2019, the Work Opportunity Tax Credit has been modified and enhanced for employers who hire long-term unemployed individuals (unemployed for 27 weeks or more) and is generally equal to 40 percent of the first $6,000 of wages paid to a new hire. There was no change to this tax credit under TCJA.
For taxable years beginning in 2018, the dollar amount of average wages is $26,700 ($26,200 in 2017). This amount is used for limiting the small employer health insurance credit and for determining who is an eligible small employer for purposes of the credit.
Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, the Section 179 expense deduction increases to a maximum deduction of $1 million of the first $2,500,000 million of qualifying equipment placed in service during the current tax year. Indexed to inflation after 2018, the deduction was enhanced to include improvements to nonresidential qualified real property such as roofs, fire protection and alarm systems and security systems, and heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems.
Under the TCJA, the Section 199 deduction was repealed for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017.
Starting in 2018, businesses with less than $50 million in gross receipts are able to use this credit to offset alternative minimum tax. Certain start-up businesses that might not have any income tax liability will be able to offset payroll taxes with the credit as well. There was no change to this tax credit under TCJA.
If you provide transportation fringe benefits to your employees, in 2018 the maximum monthly limitation for transportation in a commuter highway vehicle as well as any transit pass is $260, and the monthly limitation for qualified parking is $260. Parity for employer-provided mass transit and parking benefits was made permanent by PATH.
While this checklist outlines important tax changes for 2018, additional changes in tax law are more than likely to arise during the year ahead. Don’t hesitate to call if you want to get an early start on tax planning for 2018! |
With our speciality in helping small businesses and medium or regional sized companies across the UK and Europe, our seo consultants can get your website to rank on the first page which will drive more website visitors to you, that become prospects that turn into leads and then to customers. This is where most Aldridge seo consultants miss the mark, all they think is ranking a keyword term. At 5 STAR SEO we drive sales!
You’re in the right place. We love helping Aldridge businesses with search engine optimisation projects on either short or long term basis and project based. Our seo consultancy is based from our offices in London for our UK and European clients.
Our senior digital marketing consultant has been providing digital marketing services, strategies, and execution for companies from the smallest sole trader to some of the biggest businesses . With almost two decades of experience implementing digital advertising efforts we have the expertise and know how you’re seeking.
Our local seo campaigns are ideal for firms that deal in a small region, so whether your firm does business alone in Aldridge or markets to customers is the entire county of county a seo campaign that is local can be developed by us for you. Although we supply seo services in Aldridge we are based in London, our Local SEO Experts will develop marketing plans and strategies to grow your business with; inbound marketing campaigns, lead nurturing, email marketing, sales automation, social media direction, development of sales funnels and retarget advertising.
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Are you seeking to identify which keywords you should be targeting to content on your own website? Do you need help in understanding the type of key words that visitors are currently using to locate your website. Are you looking for help to prioritise which keywords you should be assembling your digital marketing campaigns around? Our SEO specialists take an analytic approach to assisting you to define a key word strategy that’s optimised for your customer.
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Now that you’ve carried out Keyword Research, you’ll need to understand if you’ve got valid content onsite to enable you to optimise for those keywords. Where a Content Gap Evaluation comes in that’s,. I’ll review your website against chosen key word for valid content, and I’ll supply recommendations on how to optimise that content. I’ll supply strategies for developing new content such you could integrate a broader reach of keywords where gaps are discovered,.
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All vinyl doll with vinyl squirter will make your little one feel like they're caring for a real baby.
Make your young one’s bedtime interesting by reading them the Good Night Books Trains Board Book. This amazing edition featuring information about various rails will be a treat for your child’s ears before they go to bed. It includes information about team locomotives, freight trains, box cars, cog railroads, mine trains, subways, monorails, sleeper trains, high-speed trains, holiday trains and more.
Organically grown vegetables located in Swift County Minnesota, sold in the metro Twin Cites and surrounding areas.
Access to capital is crucial at almost every stage of the farm operation - from starting a new farm, to maintaining or expanding existing operations, to beginning a new diversified enterprise. For many farmers, accessing credit to support and grow their operations is one of the most significant challenges that they face. Fortunately, there are numerous loans and grant programs designed specifically to support farmers in financing agricultural enterprises. This page identifies resources that can help farmers and food businesses better understand and navigate the range of financing options that are available. It also provides information and materials that can help farmers better understand and prepare for the lending process.
Before you approach any lender or apply for funds, it is important to understand basic information about the borrowing process. Lenders expect that you know your business, understand your finances, and have a clear idea about how you are going to achieve your farm business goals. The more informed you are, the better your chances of getting the financing you need. Development of a good business plan is the most important step to take when preparing to take out a loan.
The Business Planning section of this website provides resources that can assist in preparing a good farm business plan.
Character or the general impression you make on the lender, including qualifications, experience and management skills,
Collateral is the assets you own that the lender uses as a backup to recover funds if you happen to default on the loan.
Other resources that may be useful in understanding the basics of accessing credit and preparing applications include:
The Farmers Guide to Agricultural Credit is produced by the Rural Advancement Foundation International and is designed to assist farmers in getting ready to apply for financing for new and innovative ventures. The Guide contains sections on:
Northwest Farm Credit Service has produced a guide, Financing Agriculture: The Business Borrower-Lender Relationship, which provides useful information on criteria to consider when selecting a lender.
USDA has produced a useful video, Spelling out the A, B, Cs of Accessing Business Credit, that aims to connect producers with lending options that make sense for them and their operation.
The United State Small Business Administration provides resources on financing small businesses, including a loan application checklist. Although not specific to farm businesses, the site provides information on the types of documentation needed before starting the loan application process.
The National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition’s (NSAC) Grassroots Guide to Federal Farm and Food Programs contains an overview of dozens of loan and gran programs offered by USDA. Each chapter contains information on program basics, eligibility information, success stories, how to apply, program resources, and program history.
There are many choices available to finance your farm operation. Under the right circumstances, taking on a loan or some other kind of debt can actually help a farm grow and build its capacity for future growth. This section identifies sources of loans that may be available to finance your farm enterprise.
Community Capital Development (CCD) is an economic development organization formed in 1997, created to serve underbanked entrepreneurs with access to capital and comprehensive business technical assistance. CCD provides loans of up to $250,000 for real estate, equipment and inventory, production and working capital. CDC also provides coaching and training to entrepreneurs to help them succeed.
Craft3 is a non-profit, community development financial institution with a mission to strengthen economic, ecological, and family resilience in Pacific Northwest communities by providing loans and financial assistance and resources to entrepreneurs who wouldn’t otherwise have access to capital. Craft3 provides business loans to finance real estate, acquisition of equipment and working capital.
Evergreen Business Capital administers a Rural Loan Program for businesses in rural communities that offers loans of $10,000 to $250,000 for equipment, real estate, leasehold improvements, inventory, working capital, and refinancing.
Farm Bureau Bank offers a variety of loan products including equipment and vehicle loans and mortgage services.
Mercy Corps Northwest provides loans of up to $50,000 to new and existing businesses who may not qualify for traditional bank loans. They also offer classes, seminars and consulting by industry experts to improve business skills and provide support to successfully start and grow your small business.
Northwest Farm Credit Services (NWFCS) is a cooperatively owned agricultural lender specializing in financing to farmers, ranchers, agribusinesses, commercial fishermen, timber producers, and country home owners in Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, and Alaska. NWFCS offers a broad range of flexible loan programs and specially tailored financial services to the agricultural, timber and fishing industries and rural areas. Short-, intermediate- and long-term financing at variable-, fixed- and adjustable-interest rates are available. NWFCS also provides leasing services, appraisal services, and life, mortgage, disability, and crop insurance programs.
NWFCS administers an AgVision loan program aimed at young, beginning, small or minority producers. AgVision is designed to meet the needs of customers with at least one of the following characteristics:
Recognized minority: African American, Native American, Alaskan Native, Hispanic, Asian, and Pacific Islanders.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Farm Service Agency (FSA) provides financial assistance to farmers, including loan programs makes and guarantees loans to farmers who are unable to obtain financing from commercial lenders. FSA operates a number of loan programs, including:
Farm Ownership Loans designed to provide farmers and ranchers the opportunity to purchase farmland, construct and repair buildings, and make farm improvements.
Operating Loans to purchase livestock and feed, farm equipment, fuel, farm chemicals, insurance and other operating costs, including family living expenses, minor improvements or repairs to buildings, and to refinance certain farm-related debts, excluding real estate. The maximum loan amount for a Direct Farm Operating Loan is $300,000. There is no down payment requirement.
Microloans are a form of operating loan designed with a shortened application process and reduced paperwork designed to meet the needs of smaller, non-traditional, and niche type operations. There is no minimum loan amount. The maximum loan amount for a Microloan is $50,000.
Emergency Loans provide financial assistance for a qualifying loss caused by a natural disaster to a farming or ranching operation. Funds may be used to restore or replace essential property, pay all or part of production costs associated with the disaster year, pay essential family living expenses, reorganize the farming operation, refinance certain debts.
Beginning Farmers and Ranchers. FSA targets a portion of its loan funds to beginning farmers and ranchers, including loan programs to assist with the purchasing of a farm.
Business plans and financing can help make your dream a reality such as this Vashon Island farm’s beef sandwich with handcut potato chips - Photo: Zachary D. Lyons
USDA’s Your Guide to FSA Farm Loans is designed to help farmers understand the loans and guarantees that are available from FSA and provide guidance in getting started with the application process.
The National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition offers an easy to read chart that summarizes all federal farm and food-related programs and grants and explains who is eligible.
The Washington State Housing Finance Commission, in partnership with Northwest Farm Credit Services, manages a Beginning Farmer Rancher Program that provides low-interest loans to help new farmers get started with land, equipment, buildings, and even animals. Loans from this program are limited to $517,700, however, financing can be combined with other loans, grants or other funds for larger projects. Individuals or families that have never owned and operated a farm or ranch before, or those that have owned/operated one that was less than 30% of the county’s median farm size may be eligible.
USDA Rural Development forges partnerships with rural communities, funding projects that bring housing, community facilities, business guarantees, utilities and other services to rural America.
The Rural Economic Development Loan (REDL) and Grant (REDG) programs provide funding to rural projects through local utility organizations. Under the program, USDA provides zero interest loans to local utilities which they, in turn, pass through to local businesses for projects that will create and retain employment in rural areas.
Rural Business Development Grants (RBDG) is a competitive grant designed to support targeted technical assistance, training and other activities leading to the development or expansion of small and emerging private businesses in rural areas that have fewer than 50 employees and less than $1 million in gross revenues.
Rural Microentrepreneur Assistance Program provides microloans for microenterprise start-ups and growth through a Rural Microloan Revolving Fund and provides training and technical assistance to microloan borrowers and micro entrepreneurs
University of Vermont Extension’s Guide to Financing Community Supported Farms identifies options for crafting unconventional financial arrangements that have been used in other sectors of the economy but that might be new to the agricultural sector.
Community Sourced Capital (CSC) is an organization that helps businesses access affordable capital from their community either through an online platform for raising money from the borrower’s community, or by connecting entrepreneurs to mission-aligned financial institutions.
Kickstarter is a crowdsource funding platform where you can develop the idea for a project, publish it, and others can choose to donate it. There are dozens of similar services out there, but Kickstarter is one of the largest. Projects that do not reach their funding goals are not awarded any funds.
Kiva Zip is a nonprofit located in San Francisco, California, that offers 0% interest loans up to $10,000 to financially excluded entrepreneurs who lack access to traditional sources of capital. Kiva Zip is actively looking for small farms and food producers that could benefit from their program.
Whole Foods Local Producer Loan Program provides low interest, minimal process loans of up to $100,000 to qualified producers for expansion and capital expenditures (e.g., buy more animals, invest in new equipment and infrastructure, or expand crops).
Northwest Agriculture Business Center provides support to individual producers or producer groups to prepare strategic, marketing, and business plans including financial projections. These plans can be used to help guide new business start-ups or business expansions, as well as providing support to secure business financing.
NW Farm Credit Services offers custom-facilitated business and loan planning sessions for farmers, ranchers and agribusinesses.
Washington State Small Business Development Centers offer information on funding available to small business owners along with information on training, advising, research, and a long list of resources including business plans, taxes/licensing, start up guides, and much more.
It is important to know that grants are rarely available to start a farm or a business, your own capital or loans are your best option. However, a few grant programs are open to farmers that are willing to do research and/or value-added product development related to their operations. More common are grant programs that available to organizations working on farm and agriculture related projects and programs. The grants that are available are highly competitive so apply only if the project you are proposing clearly meets the grantor’s objectives. Always find out what kinds of projects were funded in the past to determine if your project is in line with what has been funded.
The Foundation Center offers an online Proposal Writing Short Course that provides a step-by-step overview of how to write a successful grant proposal and an audiobook version of the Center's Guide to Proposal Writing by Jane C. Geever. The Foundation Center also offers free webinars on Proposal Writing Basics.
How to Develop and Write a Grant Proposal is a report from the Congressional Research Service that covers writing proposals for both government and private foundations grants, including gathering preliminary information, developing proposal ideas, and gathering community support.
The Puget Sound Grant Writers Association offers information about grant writing websites and online training, books, classes and workshops, and where to find technical assistance.
The BFRDP is administered by the National Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) of the USDA. The program provides grants to organizations for education, mentoring, and technical assistance initiatives for beginning farmers or ranchers.
The CFP Program funds projects that improve food distribution, improve access to food, promote comprehensive responses to local food access, farm, and nutrition issues; and the creation of innovative marketing activities that mutually benefit agricultural producers and low-income consumers.
A USDA NRCS program to assist producers to conserve energy on their farms through an Agriculture Energy Management Plan (AgEMP), also known as an on-farm energy audit and provide assistance to implement various recommended measures identified in an energy audit.
The Farmers Market Promotion Program (FMPP) aims to improve and expand farmers markets, roadside stands, community-supported agriculture programs and other direct producer-to-consumer market opportunities.
The Local Food Promotion Program (LFPP) fund local and regional food business enterprises that serve as intermediaries to process, distribute, aggregate, and store locally or regionally produced food products.
FSMIP provides matching funds to State Departments of Agriculture and other appropriate State agencies to assist in exploring new market opportunities for U.S. food and agricultural products. Check with WSDA to determine program details for Washington State.
The Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP) provides financial and technical assistance to help conserve agricultural lands and their related benefits. Under the Agricultural Land Easements component, NRCS helps Indian tribes, state and local governments and non-governmental organizations protect working agricultural lands and limit non-agricultural uses of the land.
USDA’s organic cost-share programs provide assistance for certification related expenses through participating States, to organic producers and/or organic handlers. Payments cover up to 75 percent of certification costs, up to a maximum of $750 per certification. Program details change annually so check with WSDA for the latest program information.
The EQIP Organic Initiative: This assistance from the USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) helps producers plan and implement conservation practices to support the environmental sustainability of their organic operations. Each fiscal year, NRCS will focus financial and technical assistance through the EQIP Organic Initiative for eligible applicants and land.
The RBDG program is designed to develop and expand rural small and emerging private business enterprises. Grant funds may be used for targeted technical assistance, training and other activities to support the development of small, private business enterprises. Program details change annually so check the program website for Washington specific information.
The primary objective of the RCDG program is to improve the economic condition of rural areas by assisting individuals and businesses in the startup, expansion or operational improvement of rural cooperatives and other mutually-owned businesses through Cooperative Development Centers.
A USDA NRCS Program available to agricultural producers, designed to strengthen local and regional food markets and increase the use of sustainable conservation practices that will improve plant and soil quality, reduce nutrient and pesticide transport and reduce energy inputs and produce local produce.
The primary objective of the SDGG program is to provide technical assistance to socially-disadvantaged groups through cooperatives and cooperative development centers. Each fiscal year, applications are requested through a Notice published in the Federal Register and an announcement posted on Grants.gov.
The purpose of the SCBGP is to enhance the competitiveness of specialty crops. Specialty crops are defined as "fruits, vegetables, tree nuts, dried fruits, horticulture, and nursery crops (including floriculture)." WSDA administers the program and award grants for projects that enhance the competitiveness of Washington’s specialty crops. Contact WSDA for program details.
SARE is a USDA-supported grant and education program that funds research and education projects for farmers and ranchers. The program is run by four regions—North Central, Northeast, South and West, each guided by a volunteer Administrative Council that makes grants and sets regional priorities.
The VAPG program helps agricultural producers enter into value-added activities related to the processing and/or marketing of bio-based, value-added products. Generating new products, creating and expanding marketing opportunities, and increasing producer income are the goals of this program. Program details change annually so check for details and local contact information.
The KCD RFS Program funds food system-related projects with demonstrated public benefit and a link to improving working lands in King County. The program is designed to support projects that contribute to the economic viability of local farmers, encourage new farmers, expand acreage in food production, improve food access, and increase demand for King County farm products.
The Humanlinks Foundation’s mission is to support sustainable agriculture in Washington State. The Foundation offers a grant program to farmers who need financial assistance to run their farms. The program is open to farmers who utilize organic and sustainable farming practices.
The Kellogg Foundation supports community efforts to strengthen the "value chain" of local food systems from seed to table, through sustainable production, farmers markets and cooperatives, fair treatment of farmworkers and investment in local economies.
The Kresge Foundation is supporting food-oriented initiatives that contribute to economic revitalization, cultural expression and health in low-income communities.
Four times each year, PCC awards a $1,000 grant to a school or nonprofit that exemplifies the spirit of the local community, with a particular emphasis on projects and programs that involve food, especially those relating to food education, nutrition and/or food sustainability.
The Sustainable Environments Program supports efforts to restore regional aggregation and distribution of food that will strengthen urban and rural connections and provide environmental, economic, and community benefits.
Farm Aid grant funds are invested in programs that help farm families stay on their land, build local markets, confront the threat of corporate control of agriculture, train new farmers and support farmer-to-farmer programs for more sustainable agricultural practices.
The Farmland Preservation Grant Program provides funding to cities, counties, and others to buy development rights on farmlands to ensure the lands remain available for farming in the future.
The Bullitt Foundation focuses its grant making on four program areas: Ecosystem Services, Energy, Industry, and Technology, Urban Ecology, and Leadership and Civic Engagement. It has a special interest in demonstrating innovative approaches that promise to solve multiple problems simultaneously. |
In March 2018, Albina Iskakova and Alina Kusmangaliyeva of Berezovka, Kazakhstan were examined at the Semashko Children’s Center for Diagnosis and Treatment...in Moscow, Russia. The girls underwent comprehensive medical consultations and diagnostic...
...[T]he Children or Oil? Coalition launched a letter writing campaign addressed to the companies responsible for poisoning children from the village of Berezovka, Kazakhstan on November 28, 2014. Parents of the affected children, environmentalists,...
Kazakhstan: NGO says poisoning of children likely caused by toxic emissions from Karachaganak oil & gas field, operated by KPO consortium; includes company comments
On November 28, 2014, 25 children of Berezovka village simultaneously felt ill during school hours. They reported dizziness and suffered convulsions and loss of consciousness. According to prosecutors of the Western Kazakhstan Region, gas emissions...
Newly released records suggest that former President John F. Kennedy was wearing a back brace that may have aided his assassination.
Doctors believe Kennedy’s back brace largely immobilized his torso, preventing him from collapsing to the floor of the car in which he was shot, which allowed him to be shot, fatally, in the head.
Newly released records suggest that former President John F. Kennedy was wearing a back brace that may have aided his assassination in Dallas, Texas in November 1963.
Kennedy, who faced myriad health issues, including scarlet fever and collitis as a child, suffered from chronic and severe back pain as an adult.
His back issues began after he was tackled while playing football in college at Harvard, and they were exacerbated by his years in the Navy. He also had surgeries in his 30s and 40s. Kennedy wore a back brace for much of his adult life to help make up for his weak muscles.
One spinal surgery in 1954 nearly killed the then-senator, who became reliant on routine injections of numbing agents and amphetamine-based pain killers, which were thought to have some methamphetamine in them.
By the end of 1961, as concern about Kennedy’s reliance on the injections grew, the White House physician brought in a new doctor to manage Kennedy’s pain, Dr. Hans Kraus, known today as the father of sports medicine, who put Kennedy on a strict weight-lifting, swimming, and strength-training regimen. The new strategy relieved much of Kennedy’s chronic pain and helped wean him off the pain killers.
But in August 1963, the president strained his back and began using the brace again, despite his doctor’s advice. The president was wearing the brace as he rode in the back of an open-top car in a parade in Dallas on November 22, 1963.
“Kennedy said to Kraus, ‘Look, I tell you what, when I come back from Dallas, I’ll get out of the brace, but I gotta wear it for this trip. I gotta look good.’ He wanted to be able to sit up tall and wave at people,” Dr. Thomas Pait, a spinal neurosurgeon who co-authored a paper about the former president’s back issues, told CNN. “And of course, we’ll never know if he would have survived if he’d followed the doctor’s advice and gotten rid of it.”
Pait believes the back brace largely immobilized Kennedy’s torso, preventing him from collapsing to the floor of the car after he suffered the first shot to his neck. It was the second shot, to Kennedy’s head, that killed him.
“The brace was a firmly bound corset, around his hips and lower back and higher up,” Pait said. “He tightly laced it and put a wide Ace bandage around in a figure eight around his trunk. If you think about it, if you have that brace all the way up your chest, above your nipples, and real tight, are you going to be able to bend forward?”
Some of the world’s wealthiest, most powerful and most famous men are still eligible and looking for love.
Imagine a night of dining at the most expensive restaurants, weekly galas, summering on yachts off the coast of Europe and all the other perks that come with having a billionaire boyfriend.
Many of the men on the list are self-made millionaires through start-ups and investments, but others are old money, having inherited their wealth from their families or royal lines.
Net Worth: The royal family does not disclose their net worth, but since Amedeo is pretty dreamy we decided to include him. Plus he's royalty!
Source of Wealth: His blood line in the Belgium Royal Family. He's also a descendant of the Austrian, Italian, French, Swedish, Danish, British, Portuguese, Spanish, and German royal families.
What to do to impress him: Enjoy the water, since Stavros is a professional kiteboarder. He's been tied to Paris Hilton, Mary Kate Olsen, and Lindsay Lohan.
Source of Wealth: His blood line to the Thurn and Taxis thrones and assets in real estate, art, a tech company and 30,000 hectares of woodland in Germany.
What to do to impress him: Learn some fiscal responsibility. He first appeared in the Forbes rank at age 8.
What to do to impress him: Beat him at a hand in poker, like ex-girlfriend Erica Albright did. But unfortunately, you'll have to work pretty hard to get this guy because he's been dating Priscilla Chan for quite a while.
What to do to impress him: Party hard and fulfil philanthropic duties. Take some lessons from his sister-in-law Kate Middleton on how to break into the royal clan.
Source of Wealth: His family's pipelines. His father, Dan Duncan, was founder of Enterprise Products.
What to do to impress him: Scott is one of the few billionaires on the Forbes 400 list who is younger than 30 and whose fortune is not connected to Facebook. If you friend him, he probably won't be impressed. We couldn't find a photo of him anywhere, so good luck finding him yourself.
What to do to impress him: If you enjoy hanging by the pool in St. Tropez, or know how to change his facebook relationship status to 'In a relationship,' you'll be set.
What to do to impress him: Be well-traveled. Fahd is a Lebanon citizen, currently living in Paris with business ties through out Europe and in Houston.
What to do to impress him: He enjoys race cars, swimming, and skiing. You'll have to be great at those things, since the Prince has been linked to model Sofia Hellqvist since 2008.
What to do to impress him: Enjoy documentaries and indie films. Johnson had directed three about the super rich.
Source of Wealth: Co-founder of Revision3, Digg, Pownce. He's also invested in Twitter, Facebook, and Four Square.
What to do to impress him: Invite him over for tea and impress him with your knowledge of Earl grey versus Green. He loves to drink the stuff.
What to do to impress him: Make sure you know your way around MOMA. Rodriguez is a savvy art collector.
What to do to impress him: Know how to play chess. He was ranked a master by the U.S. Chess Federation.
What to do to impress him: Have a good sense of humour. Balazs dated comedian Chelsea Handler for about seven months.
It's back: That pesky rumor that Microsoft (MSFT) might make its own cellphone. The latest bits involve a special Nvidia processor called Tegra, and a Zune-based gadget codenamed "Pink."
One argument against it: Industry observer Michael Gartenberg thinks Microsoft won't make its own cellphone because doing so would potentially destroy its partnerships with companies that sell Windows Mobile-based devices, like Motorola (MOT), Palm (PALM), and HTC. "Microsoft now has traction with more than 20 million licenses out there and a great stream of partners and new phones for consumer and business use," Gartenberg says.
The problem: Windows Mobile isn't Windows, lacking both its market share and price tag. Those 20 million licenses don't make much for Microsoft, which only charges $8 to $15 per phone, according to research firm Strategy Analytics. Even at the high end of that range, selling 20 million licenses in a year is just $300 million in revenue for Microsoft. That's couch lint for a company whose sales are expected to near $70 billion next year.
Meanwhile, Apple (AAPL) just shipped 6.9 million iPhones last quarter for $4.6 billion in revenue. Plus whatever revenue Apple gets from selling "halo" Macs to iPhone owners, iTunes songs, and iPhone App Store purchases. Plus whatever goodwill synergy Apple gets with its other products, like using the iPhone as an awesome Mac remote.
So, about that Windows Mobile partner stream? Microsoft would have to sell 300 million Windows Mobile licenses -- almost one third of the mobile market -- at $15 apiece to near $4.6 billion in revenue. And that's not happening next year, 2010, or any time soon. (Moreover, we're not convinced someone like HTC would ditch Microsoft if it were still making money selling Windows Mobile phones.)
Can Microsoft build an iPhone? Probably not. But it doesn't have to build an iPhone yet. It just has to build something better than the phones that currently run Windows Mobile, Palm OS, and lesser phones. Which can't be be that hard, especially with the help of Danger, the mobile platform company Microsoft bought earlier this year.
What's the payout? Even if Microsoft can sell just 1 million Microsoft-brand phones next year at a very low, $300 wholesale price -- half of the iPhone's -- it could equal that $300 million in hypothetical Windows Mobile revenue. Plus commissions on app sales, a few pennies of search revenue from built-in Live Search, potential Xbox tie-ins, etc. Not the dumbest idea we've ever heard.
Microsoft would risk alienating its Windows Mobile partners if it made its own cellphone. But if it ever wants to make any money, it has to.
On Monday, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad accused enemy countries of destroying rain clouds before they reach his drought stricken nation, reports CNBC.
With little to no rain in parts of the Islamic Republic, Ahmadinejad placed the blame on his enemies, dismissing any effect by climate change or the fact that Iran is already one of the driest countries in the world.
"The enemy destroys the clouds that are headed towards our country and this is a war Iran will win," said Ahmadinejad.
Iranian Iranian Vice President and Head of Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization Hassan Mousavi accused the West of similar acts in July and in May of last year, Ahmadinejad claimed Europe was using technology to drain rain clouds of their precipitation before they reached Iran, reports the Telegraph.
That announcement, given at the opening ceremony for a new dam, was ironic. Moments after the speech, it began to rain.
In the aftermath of the Charlie Hebdo shootings in Paris, David Cameron has announced plans to introduce significant new surveillance powers in the UK, the Independent is reporting. The British Prime Minister also signalled he intends to crack down on encrypted communications the government can't crack — suggesting a slew of popular communications platforms could be outlawed in Britain.
Speaking on Monday, the Prime Minister asked whether "we want to allow a means of communication between two people which even in extemis with a signed warrant from the home secretary personally that we cannot read? ...My answer to that question is no, we must not. The first duty of any government is to keep our country and our people safe."
Cameron says the government needs to "modernise" the law to address the threat of terrorism, and that if his party wins the next General Election he will introduce new legislation to give law enforcement new powers. His remarks have been criticised by some, with Big Brother Watch director Emma Carr saying that it is "wholly unacceptable for this tragedy in Paris to be used as a means to call for a return of the snooper's charter."
It's already illegal for Britons to refuse to surrender their passwords or encryption keys, and you can be jailed for doing so. But if someone's refusing to talk (or they can't be found), and police need to gain access to someone's communication urgently, then this isn't much help.
For this reason, some encryption software and communication platforms offer secret "backdoors" in their products, which can be used to give law enforcement access when required — but many others don't. For example, PGP is a widely-used encryption tool that facilitates secure communication between people by exchanging "public" encryption "keys." It's frequently used by journalists, whistleblowers and dissidents, and there's no way to decrypt a user's communications unless you have their "private" key — even with a warrant.
If the Conservatives win the General Election and bring in the planned legislation, Apple might also feel the consequences. The Cupertino company recently introduced encryption into their iOS devices that is impossible for them to undo, even if law enforcement has a warrant. They came under some criticism for the move, with one senior American police officer saying this lack of access will make the iPhone the "phone of choice for the paedophile."
Under Cameron's plans, Apple, for instance, would have to adapt its UK devices, or risk breaking the law. The Android version of messaging app WhatsApp would also fall foul of the proposed ban.
We've reached out to the Conservative Party for clarification, and will update this story when they get back to us.
This 30-year-old Warren Buffett quote explains why you should be an active investor - Business Insider
REUTERS/Rick Wilking"What could be more advantageous in an intellectual contest - whether it be bridge, chess, or stock selection than to have opponents who have been taught that thinking is a waste of energy?" -Warren Buffett, 1985 Berkshire Hathaway Letter to Shareholders
More than thirty years removed from that quote and it has never been more relevant than it is today. Investors today are flocking to strategies founded on the idea that "thinking is a waste of energy" giving investors willing to do otherwise a terrific advantage.
Everywhere you turn these days you will find articles, advertisements and other sorts of solicitations to abandon "active investing" in favor of "passive investing." Before I go any further, however, I need to clarify one thing: There is no such thing as "passive investing."
…then "passive investing" becomes an oxymoron simply because "passive" doesn't allow for the sort of "thorough analysis" which promises "safety of principal" or "adequate return." In fact, it eschews just this sort of process.
With that out of the way, let's get back to the point of this piece and that is that "passive" has never been more popular than it is today. Just look at the list of the largest money managers on the planet and it's a who's who of index fund providers: BlackRock, Vanguard, State Street, etc. More money is allocated to passive today than ever before and by a very large margin.
Furthermore, the shift to passive is only accelerating. Yesterday, we learned that, despite the S&P 5oo hitting new, all-time highs, investors are now abandoning active funds at the greatest rate since the heart of the financial crisis, when stock prices were plunging.
In other words, more investors are shunning "thinking" for "not thinking" than ever before and at the greatest rate ever seen. If you are one of the few "thinking" investors left today, this can only be seen as a wonderful advantage, perhaps the greatest advantage any "thinking" investor has ever seen before.
For the few left in the "thinking" camp, this phenomenon has already provided some wonderful opportunities in gold and long bonds. I expect we will continue to see these sorts of opportunities arise as prices are increasingly driven by dogma rather than discipline.
The disappearance Sunday of AirAsia Flight 8501 was the third air incident this year involving Malaysia, where budget carrier AirAsia in based. Here's a look at the two other disasters, as well as the latest missing flight, which went missing with 162 people aboard less than an hour after taking off from Surabaya, Indonesia, for Singapore.
The disappearance of the Malaysia Airlines Boeing 777 on March 8 triggered one of modern aviation's most perplexing mysteries. Flight 370, carrying 239 people from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing, vanished without a trace, sending searchers across vast areas of the Indian Ocean. An initial multi-national operation to locate the wreckage far off Australia's west coast turned up empty, without a single piece of debris found.
After a four-month hiatus, the hunt resumed Oct. 4 with new, more sophisticated equipment, including sonar, video cameras and jet fuel sensors aboard three ships that will spend up to a year in a desolate stretch of the sea, about 1,800 kilometers (1,100 miles) west of Australia.
The 60,000-square-kilometer (23,000-square-mile) search area lies along what is known as the "seventh arc" — a stretch of ocean where investigators believe the aircraft ran out of fuel and crashed, based largely on an analysis of transmissions between the plane and a satellite.
Officials initially ruled out terrorism, but conspiracy theories have endured. Until the wreckage is found and examined, it will be impossible to say for sure what happened to the plane.
Debris from Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 is shown smouldering in a field July 17, 2014 in Grabovo, Ukraine near the Russian border. Flight 17, on its way from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur and carrying 295 passengers and crew, is believed to have been shot down by a surface-to-air missile, according to U.S. intelligence officials and Ukrainian authorities quoted in published reports.
All 298 passengers and crew aboard Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 were killed when the Boeing 777 was shot down over rebel-held eastern Ukraine on July 17.
The plane was flying from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur when, according to Dutch air crash investigators, it was likely struck by multiple "high-energy objects" that some aviation experts say is consistent with a missile strike.
Hunks of the wreckage were transported to the Netherlands by trucks and will be reassembled in a hangar. However, international teams seeking to retrieve remains and salvage evidence have had difficulty reaching the crash site due to clashes between Ukrainian government troops and Russian-backed separatist rebels. Six victims have yet to be identified.
A high-ranking rebel officer has acknowledged that rebels shot down the plane with a ground-to-air missile after mistaking it for a Ukrainian military plane. Russian media, however, claim the plane was shot down by a Ukrainian jet.
The Dutch Safety Board's final report may rule out one or the other scenario, but it will not seek to attribute responsibility.
Dutch prosecutors, meanwhile, are coordinating an international criminal investigation into the downing, but have yet to name any suspects or say when or how charges might be brought.
An Indonesia AirAsia flight with 162 people aboard, most of them Indonesians, disappeared Sunday over the Java Sea, triggering a search involving several Southeast Asian nations.
Contact with Flight 8501 was lost about 42 minutes after the single-aisle, twin-engine A320-200 jet took off from Surabaya airport in Indonesia for Singapore.
Malaysia-based AirAsia, led by Malaysian businessman Tony Fernandes, has dominated cheap travel in the region for years. AirAsia Malaysia owns 49 percent of its subsidiary, AirAsia Indonesia. It said the plane was on the submitted flight plan route when the pilots requested deviation due to weather before communication was lost. |
London’s IT programmers are some of the highest paid and most experienced in the world, according to a new report from online developer community, Stack Overflow and London & Partners, the Mayor of London’s promotional company. The findings are being launched as part of the second Tech Talent Week London, a festival of events that will celebrate London’s talented community of developers1.
Analysis of over 56,000 Stack Overflow users shows that London’s technology businesses are benefitting from access to one of the world’s most experienced developer talent pools. On average, the capital’s developers have 7.8 years’ experience under their belt compared to 6.5 years for the global developer workforce, and greater than the majority of rival European tech hubs such as Stockholm, Berlin and Paris.
Developers are attracted to London by the city’s competitive salaries. Stack Overflow data reveals that London’s developers are among some of the highest paid in Europe earning an average annual salary of $79,500.97 (£55,459.34), which is more than in Dublin, Berlin and Madrid. However, London still lags behind the United States, where developers earn an average annual salary of $95,218 (£66,423.44.)
Further analysis of Stack Overflow’s users shows that there is a better gender diversity on tech teams in London, with over one third of London respondents revealing that they work with two or more women on their development teams (5 per cent higher than the national average), and 52 per cent ‘agreeing completely that diversity in the workplace is important’ (6 per cent higher than the national average). London’s tech developers are also more content with their jobs, compared to workers across the rest of the UK (31.56 per cent love their jobs vs 30.98, the UK average).
Tech Talent Week London will gather some of the industry’s most noted thought leaders to discuss key issues facing the technology sector, including women in technology and the importance of adopting long-term recruitment strategies. Stack Overflow will host a variety of events in partnership with London & Partners, taking place across the city from 25-29th April.
Alexa Scordato, Director of Marketing at Stack Overflow said: 'Developers are literally writing the script to our future. Every line of code they write has the potential to impact our lives. That's why it's so important to recognise the value of technical talent, and treat developers with the respect they deserve. Tech Talent Week London is a festival of events which celebrates the thriving developer community here in the UK's capital.'
Eileen Burbidge, Mayor of London Technology Ambassador and Partner at Passion Capital said: “London’s talent pool is fuelling the growth of the city’s digital ecosystem. With more software developers than New York and San Francisco, London has emerged as a leading centre in areas such as fintech and cyber security. As a truly international city, London is one of the world’s most diverse tech hubs and it is refreshing that we are seeing more programmers coming into the ecosystem -- male and female alike.”
David Slater, Director of International Trade & Investment at London & Partners added: “London is home to some of the best creative and tech talent in the world. With the highest concentration of world class universities compared to any other global city and Europe’s fastest growing technology cluster, London is a leading destination for international businesses looking to expand globally. As the industry continues to grow at a rapid pace it is important that we continue to attract the world’s best talent and initiatives such as Tech Talent Week are helping to shine a spotlight on why London is the world’s leading city to live and work.”
Tech Talent Week London will see keynotes by leading figures from some of the UK’s largest and fastest growing companies including; Bryan Dove, SVP Engineering at Skyscanner; Harsh Sinha, VP of Engineering at Transferwise and Meri Williams, Head of Engineering at M&S.
London’s booming fintech sector offers strong employment opportunities for developers. According to separate research from EY, Britain’s fintech ecosystem ranked higher than New York and California and currently employs around 61,000 workers across the UK.
Tech Talent Week London keynote speaker Harsh Sinha, VP Engineering at TransferWise, said: “Hiring the right people is crucial to the success of any company, but especially when you're a high-growth business expanding internationally at speed. Finding great developers is particularly tough. But there's a strong emerging developer community in London, so it's great to see Tech Talent Week supporting and celebrating that community."
London & Partners is the official promotional company for London. We promote London and attract businesses, events, congresses, students and visitors to the capital. Our aims are to build London’s international reputation and to attract investment and visitor spend, which create jobs and growth. London & Partners is a not-for-profit public private partnership, funded by the Mayor of London and our network of commercial partners.
Stack Overflow is one of the smartest and most helpful corners of the Internet. It’s the place where millions of developers go to learn, share their knowledge, and advance their careers. With nearly 40 million monthly visitors and 10.2 million programming questions, Stack Overflow has unparalleled insights into how developers think, what matters to them and what gets them excited in their job.
Tech Talent Week London is a festival of events that celebrates London’s talented community of developers. Stack Overflow will host a variety of events in partnership with London & Partners. The headline sponsor is ThoughtWorks and the events are also supported by sponsors WorldFirst and Badoo.
Chandeliers, velvet sofas, antique wallpaper and a ridiculously good-looking, dance-loving crowd adorn this multifloored mansion. The DJs – spinning funk, soul and house – are phenomenal, which is not surprising given Eric Hilton (of Thievery Corporation) is co-owner. The lack of a sign on the door proclaims the club’s exclusivity. No athletic attire or sneakers. Cover charge ranges from $10 to $20.
Katy Ryder Finnegan assembled these photos of Ruth Harriet Gearen Ryder's siblings in 2006 according to Katy's handwritten notes on the reverse. I believe the photos were taken at different times. The birth and death dates for each child are attached next to their photos. It is likely that all were taken in Sioux City although the oldest may have been born in Illinois.
The photo quality here is not excellent because it is a photo of a digital photo but Katy treasured this collage and it is worth sharing it with you on that alone! Thanks to Kathleen Finnegan Hiatt for sharing it.
This November, 2017, re-post edits and corrects some items in the family history of our great-grandmother Mary Jane Jacobs Ryder, wife of Fred Ryder, and her Jacobs and Abbott families.
Our grandfather Frank Thomas (or Thomas Francis as he was baptized) Ryder's father was Fred Rider who died in Missouri in 1923. The December 7, 2014, Long Since Dispersed blog posting Finding Our Ryders, A Course Correction discussed Fred and his son Benjamin. Included was some information about great-great-grandfather Azariah Rider, a Union Civil War veteran who moved from McHenry County, Illinois after the Civil War to Sioux City, Iowa.
Azariah was born in Bath County, in the Shenandoah Mountains of far western Virginia (Virginia and not the portion that became the adjoining state West Virginia). His family had moved to McHenry County, Illinois as an early part of the expansion into the Connecticut Western Reserve - meaning a large part of what became Ohio. Azariah married Mary Jane Jacobs, daughter of a neighboring farmer, on March 7, 1860; their marriage license is below.
Their son Fred was born in 1861 in McHenry County, Illinois which adjoins Lake County on Lake Michigan and is on the northern border of Illinois. Only a census record sets this date and I was advised by the McHenry County Historical Society that it is unlikely such records were created at that time. In 1862, Azariah, a married man with an infant son, was drafted into the Union Army, Company F of the 95th Illinois infantry. He was discharged on August 17, 1865 and after the entire length of the war, he returned to McHenry County to his wife and son Fred. It is not known when they moved to Sioux City, Iowa, but apparently between the birth of Fred's sister Mary in 1866 in probably in Galena, Illinois and the birth of his brother Charles Benjamin in 1874 in Iowa, according to census and City Directory records. There were three children.
There is little other information about Fred's mother, Mary Jane Jacobs Rider – only their recorded marriage license and a recorded death certificate.
Mary Jane was born in Ohio on November 9, 1837 according to that death certificate. It is likely she was born in the vicinity of Cleveland in Cuyahoga County where her parents lived for a time. Mary Jane had two brothers, Clark (1841-1864) and Charles (1839-1914). After Azariah's death on August 29, 1895, Mary Jane lived in Sioux City until her death on July 26, 1914. She was buried in Sioux City's Floyd Cemetery near where Azariah is buried in the Grand Army of the Republic section. There is not a great deal of other information about Azariah and he did not seem to have a specific occupation which is sometimes stated on census pages. By 1866 he was approved for an invalid Civil War pension which Mary may have continued to receive after his death.
Mary Jane Jacob's parents were Norman J. Jacobs and Sophronia (also spelled Safrona on her headstone although her probate documents used Sophronia ) Abbott (1816-1899). They were married December 3, 1855 in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. Later, Norman farmed in McHenry County (along the Wisconsin border in northern Illinois and the second county west from Lake Michigan). Both of these families can be traced back to the earliest families of New England.
Norman's father was Aaron Clark Jacobs (1781-1855) and his mother Mary "Polly" Allen (1782-1813) (no other information can be confirmed about her). Aaron was born in Otis, Berkshire County, Massachusetts. For a time, he apparently lived in New York State as the Ancestry.com site for military records fold3.com shows this pay card for Aaron C. Jacobs during the War of 1812 in parts of 1813 and 1814 in the New York State Militia. Aaron was paid for his service with a land bounty as the federal government was poorly financed and land bounties were used to pay for military service periods.
After more research on this topic, a separate post can be made soon on the Jacobs family which migrated to Watertown, Massachusetts Bay Colony from Hingham, Norfolk, England in 1633.
Azariah's father Thomas J. Rider farmed near the Jacobs family. The Riders had purchased their lands in the county by 1845 and occupied them by 1847. The land record below (signed by President James K. Polk) indicates he might have purchased additional land in 1848. The Gordon J. Ryder family history "The Rider--Ryder Family of Virginia" narrates a journey his family members made as far west as Iowa seeking desirable lands for their relocations from the mountains. A separate blog entry will be posted.
Norman's grandfather was Jonathan Jacobs (1745-1822) who is shown on an Ohio listing of Revolutionary War soldiers buried in Newton Falls, Trumball County, Ohio. Jonathan's was originally from Litchfield County, Connecticut, later living in Chesterfield, Hampshire County, Massachusetts and Sheffield, Berkshire, Massachusetts before apparently leaving for Ohio.
Sophronia Abbott's father was Rufus Abbot (1784-1879). Her family lived in Cuyahoga County, Ohio for some time, but she moved to McHenry County with other family. A 1903 biography of Mark Hickox indicated that Sophronia moved with her sister Betsey A. Abbott to McHenry County before others in her family. However, it does not appear that she had a sister Betsey and it is more likely Betsey was her aunt and Mark Hickox her uncle. The article also stated that her father was Ebenezer Abbot, Rufus's brother, but it does not appear that Ebenezer had a daughter name Sophronia. An obituary clipping from an unnamed newspaper provided by McHenry County Historical Society states that Sophronia died of typhus. The entry from Find-A-Grave was created by volunteer genealogist Phyllis Wallington who also took pictures of the headstone and cemetery entrance. However, she stated that photos could not be used without her specific consent so they have not been used. You can visit them at www.findagrave.com.
Rufus, whose Abbot(t) family had arrived in Massachusetts Bay Colony about 1637 as Puritan Congregationalists and who had many ancestors who were ministers and deacons of their local churches, was converted to Mormonism in New York during the Great Awakening of religious zeal that followed the War of 1812. Rufus and his wife Anna Wright were among the first Mormons to reach Salt Lake City. Many modes were involved in their journey there – horses, carriages, steamboats, ox carts perhaps - they may have walked from Missouri where they had lived for a time to Salt Lake. They were driven from their home in Missouri by anti-Mormon violence, and state government seizure of their property and belongings followed. One of his sons was murdered later by anti-Muslim attacks there in Missouri. LDS History Overland Trails Pioneers
Ebenezer Abbot (1753-1832) was the father of Rufus Abbott. The information about Ebenezer was initially found in a copy of an application approved on December 10, 1910 by the Massachusetts Chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution from Howard Briggs Abbott. Howard was descended from Elisha Abbott (1794-1869), Rufus's brother. The federal legislation proving these pensions for soldiers and spouses was not adopted immediately after the war and frequently the applications were made when the soldier was no loger able to work to support himself and spouse.
Because Ebenezer was a Revolutionary War soldier and from Massachusetts, there is a great deal of family history available about him and all of his family going back to the arrival in 1637 of one of several George Abbots with the same name who arrived about that time. A fascinating story unfolds and a later post will provide that.
(Howard is) Son of Lewis Smith Abbot born 1824 died 1898 and Harriet J. Abbot (Briggs) born 1824 and died 1912 married 1854
“This declaration contains a statement of Ebenezer Abbot’s place of which is confirmed by the published vital statistic of Chester, Mass., give the date of my grandfather’s birth. I learned of grandfather’s (Elisha's) place of birth and date from an obituary notice published in the Painesville Ohio Telegraph in fall of 1869. Elisha Abbot lived there many years although he died at St. John’s Michigan in Sept or Oct 1864 as I remember.”
The application's declarations continue with his military history from an affidavit submitted by Ebenezer in his application for a pension (punctuation is missing and not edited by me). This statement was included in the ancestry.com online version and not part of the digital copy in .pdf form I received from the Sons of the American Revolution. I transcribed this by hand because of the difficulty of printing from the filmstrip version on ancestry.com which I assume is deliberate. Ebenezer stated:
“Asa Whitcomb Col. John Whitney Lieut Col Ephraim Sawyer Ensign. That he (Ebenezer) was born in Lancaster, Worcester County in the State of Massachusetts in the year 1753. That his birth is recorded in the records of Lancaster aforesaid. That on hearing of the Battle of Lexington he went down to the Army and enlisted for eight months. That he thinks it was about the 25th day of April in the year 1775 that he entered the service and that he left it 31st December in the same year that he served during the term of eight months to the satisfaction of his officers. That he did not ask for nor receive a written discharge and he thinks none were given at that time. That a day or two previously to the Battle of Bunker Hill he returned home to Lancaster on a furlough for ten days. On hearing the cannonading in that Battle he completed his term of service the Army to the satisfaction of his officers. The Army continued in the neighborhood of Boston. That he was with the Army when Gen Washington arrived and took the command. That some Regiments of Riflemen joined the Army during his term of service. That he knew Gen. Putnam, Gen Lee and Gen Warner.“
“That he moved to Chester in the county of Hampshire State of Massachusetts about the year of 1780 where he resided about 30 years – and from there he removed to Worthington in the last mentioned County and from there in the year 1826 he removed to the County of Cuyahoga and the State of Ohio where he now resides.”
“That he has no documentary evidence. That he is known to Nehmiah Allen John M. Henderson and Post Master Harry Cook Lowell Goodman and others whom he believes can testify to his character and veracity and their belief of his services as a soldier of the Revolution.”
His affidavit is signed with his mark “X”, assumed to be an indication that he was not literate. It was sworn in open Court on August 4, 1832 before H. Perry Clark and was accompanied by testimonials from a clergyman and other Cuyahoga residents.
Ebenezer's application for the pension highlighted what he remembered, but historian and author Nathaniel Philbrick provides much more detail regarding the men of Massachusetts who responded to Lexington. The book information is listed below.
This information was located through Ancestry.com on November 26, 2016, in digital filmstrip format and it is not possible to copy or print.
Two interesting books from the middle of the 19th century and therefore out of copyright are now available free on Google Play Books in digital format:
For a description of the history and actions of the Town of Lancaster in the Revolutionary War including their town approvals of funds and arms, participation in spreading the efforts of the revolutionary communications, and a chronology of military events, by Rev. Abiah P. Marvin, Lancaster, Published by the Town read: History of the Town of Lancaster, Massachusetts From The First Settlement to the Present Time 1643-1879
Nathaniel Philbrick's The Battle of Bunker Hill provides an excellent history of the period and the siege of Boston including the Battle of Breed's Hill which was really the Battle of Bunker Hill). Philbrick's book puts the statements of Ebenezer, especially the last few lines in timeline and perspective. |
Mac (Rob McElhenney), Dennis (Glenn Howerton), Charlie (Charlie Day), Dee (Kaitlin Olson) and Frank (Danny DeVito) tackle all new adventures that include going to a waterpark, dealing with a Wolf Cola PR nightmare, and actually spending a whole day tending bar! See all this and more January on FXX.
It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia was created by Rob McElhenney. He also serves as executive producer along with Glenn Howerton, Charlie Day, Michael Rotenberg, Nick Frenkel, Tom Lofaro, Scott Marder and David Hornsby. The show is produced by FX Productions.
This May 24, 2011 file photo shows Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu with House Speaker John Boehner on Capitol Hill in Washington. (AP)
Such invitations typically are coordinated with the White House and State Department, but this one was not. The House speaker's office said Netanyahu will be invited to speak Feb. 11 before a joint session of Congress. The invitation comes as lawmakers weigh legislation, supported by Republicans and some Democrats, to tee up more sanctions against Iran in case negotiations fail to curtail the country's nuclear enrichment program.
“Prime Minister Netanyahu is a great friend of our country, and this invitation carries with it our unwavering commitment to the security and well-being of his people,” Boehner said in a statement. “In this time of challenge, I am asking the prime minister to address Congress on the grave threats radical Islam and Iran pose to our security and way of life.”
Asked about the invite, White House Press Secretary Josh Earnest described it as a breach of typical protocol since the White House wasn't involved. But he said the administration would reserve judgment until they speak with the Israelis.
Critics of Obama and his foreign policy say the president has failed to keep close ties to Israel, a long-time U.S. ally and a key country in providing Middle East stability. Among their concerns is that the Obama administration has not done enough to curb Iran's suspected pursuit of a nuclear weapon.
In his State of the Union address, Obama warned that legislation setting new potential sanctions would "all but guarantee that diplomacy fails."
But Boehner told members of the GOP House Conference on Wednesday morning: “The president warned us not to move ahead with sanctions on Iran, a state sponsor of terror. His exact message to us was: 'Hold your fire.' He expects us to stand idly by and do nothing while he cuts a bad deal with Iran. Two words: 'Hell no'."
He said: "Let’s send a clear message to the White House – and the world – about our commitment to Israel and our allies.”
Aside from the sanctions bill, a Senate committee was considering a separate bill on Wednesday that would give Congress a vote on any nuclear deal.
The United States and five other world powers have reached a tentative deal with Iran. The countries are trying to reach a final deal by June 15.
If Netanyahu accepts the invitation, it would be his third appearance before a joint session of Congress and his second during Boehner’s speakership.
His previous addresses were in July 1996 and May 2011. Other Israeli prime ministers to address Congress include Ehud Olmert, Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin, according to Boehner’s office.
ANNAPOLIS, Md. -- There are many high-tech ways to save money and conserve energy. This isn't one of them.
Hanging laundry out to dry is a time-tested, easy way to cut utility bills, said Maryland Democratic state Sen. Nancy King. Wednesday she urged the state Senate Judicial Proceedings Committee to support a measure that would give all Marylanders the right to dry their clothes the old-fashioned way.
The bill would prohibit governing boards, community associations and landlords from banning outdoor drying at single-family homes and townhomes. It would allow rules about the time, location and manner in which homeowners or tenants use clothes lines or similar devices on their property.
"We're not trying to tromp on the homeowners associations," said King, who lives in upscale Montgomery Village -- a community that, she said, allows outdoor drying, with restrictions.
Using clothes lines is more environmentally friendly than electric dryers, King said, and can help families save money on energy bills. But she said some Marylanders, including a friend who owns a home with a "big yard" in Crofton, are not allowed to hang clothes outside at all.
After the brief hearing, Ruth White, a member of the Climate Change Initiative of Howard County, followed King out of the room to thank her for the bill.
White said she hangs her towels and sheets outside to dry in the summer. She said the bill would allow more people to reduce their energy bills and their carbon footprint -- and give clothes a fresh smell, minus the dryer sheets.
Andrew Fortin, vice president for government and public affairs with the Community Associations Institute, said he doesn't have an issue with clothes lines, but rather the way the bill may override existing neighborhood covenants and agreements.
When someone buys into a property association, they do so knowing they will be subject to certain restrictions, he said. If they do not like the covenants, they can work within the association to change them, Fortin said.
Jeanne Ketley, president of Maryland Homeowners' Association Inc., said she has no problem with the bill as it pertains to single-family detached homes. However, she said she is concerned about possible safety issues at townhomes or other attached units.
Committee Chairman Brian Frosh is also a co-sponsor of the bill. He said he likes the bill, but was not able to gauge the committee's reaction.
One member of the committee asked King whether the bill would apply to other items in yards, such as holiday decorations. She said it only applies to clothes lines or similar devices.
File photo - Actors dressed as a 'Yeti' attend a promotional event for Travel Channel's "Expedition Unknown: Hunt for the Yeti" in Manhattan, New York City, U.S., Oct.4, 2016. (REUTERS/Brendan McDermid)
All but one was found to belong to Tibetan brown bears, Himalayan brown bears, and Asian black bears native to the region, report Science and the Guardian.
One tooth sample, taken from a stuffed "yeti" with the hair of a bear, belonged to a dog, researchers explain in a release. "Perhaps slightly disappointing to the film company ... our findings strongly suggest that the biological underpinnings of the Yeti legend can be found in local bears," study co-author Charlotte Lindqvist of the University of Buffalo says, per the Guardian and CBC.
But "the legend and the myth will live on," she adds. "You can never for sure prove that there is nothing out there." Still, Lindqvist's study—which also determined the Himalayan brown bear and the Tibetan brown bear have distinct DNA, likely the result of a separation caused in part by glaciers some 650,000 years ago—isn't the first to link yetis and bears.
Daniel Taylor of Future Generations University tells CBC he was able to duplicate purported yeti footprints using the paw of a tranquilized Asiatic black bear. (The research adds to this work.)
A look ahead to the latest instalment of the Melbourne Derby, with the Heart hosting the Victory at AAMI Park. |
This Christmas, why not pack up the mistletoe for a kiss under a palm tree? We have 10 Christmas vacation ideas for couples so you can spend some quality time with your S.O. (significant other) and explore a new destination. Grab your bae, book your tickets, and head on your way!
New York City is always a great idea, whatever time of year you choose to go. Should you go during Christmas, you’ll witness the city transform into a winter wonderland! While you’re there, take in a Broadway show or experience one of New York’s unique performances. Enjoy ice skating at Rockefeller Center, then cozy up with a hot chocolate and your special someone. Afterwards, check out the incredible store windows and Christmas lights that line the streets. (image via Pexels)
Make memories to last a lifetime and head to Cappadocia, Turkey. Discover ancient stables, wineries, churches found in the cave called Derinkuyu Underground City. Explore Ihara Valley and witness ‘fairy chimneys’, tall, cone-shaped rock formation clusters and check out historic Bronze Age homes carved into valley walls.
Adventure with your partner to Reykjavik, Iceland and spend a day in a geothermal spa. Soak away in the warm pools, before heading out after sunset to observe the northern lights. Keep warm by cuddling with your S.O. as you gaze up at the night sky.
If you and your sweetheart have a love affair with delicious food, then head to Bangkok, Thailand. Tour the markets for local delicacies, tasty street food, and fresh fruits.
Head to Cebu, Philippines and swap cold winters for warm beaches, sunny days and picturesque islands. Kick this Christmas up a notch and try scuba diving, snorkeling and swimming with sea life.
Taipei, Taiwan has something for everyone: bustling night markets, scenic hikes, historic landmarks and enchanting panoramic views. Take a cute selfie together with an iconic ‘love’ sculpture on the 1st floor. Hold your sweetheart’s hand, watching a blazing sunset slowly envelop the modern city in its warm, orange glow.
Hong Kong has excellent food, impressive temples, and breathtaking views but a trip is not complete without a stop at Hong Kong Disneyland. Scream each others’ names out loud through the terrifying drops of Hyper Space Mountain. Hold hands through the hair-raising jump scares waiting for both of you at the eerie Mystic Manor. Rediscover your love for your favorite Disney characters (and for each other!) in spectacular parades and light shows! (image via Wikimedia Commons)
While Seoul itself is a bustling and vibrant city, it’s easy to slow down with a day tour to the surrounding areas. Enjoy a leisurely pace on Nami Island, as you stroll the pathways lined with trees and snow. (image via Nestor Lacle, Flickr)
See incredible scenes of wildlife and lush forests in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. Watch the sunset and admire the twinkling fireflies at night.
Feeling giddy while thinking about your future adventures with your sweetheart? Stop dreaming and start planning your romantic getaway – take this as a sign that your couple trip is meant to be! This holiday season, escape with that special someone and head out on a Christmas vacation together with KKday.
An unknown gunman opened fire on a police patrol in central Paris on the evening of April 20. As a result, one police officer was shot dead, the second got wounded.
A single gunman armed with an automatic weapon opened fire on a foot patrol before being killed in turn, according to Le Parisien newspaper citing its own sources.
The whole of the Champs Elysees has been evacuated and police vehicles are lined up near a point half way up the avenue around the George V metro station, a BBC correspondent says.
It happened as candidates made their last pitches in a TV appearance before Sunday's presidential election.Источник: https://en.censor.net.ua/n437151
Summary | Tell a story about how a young child makes his mother proud! – Tell a story about how a young child makes a mother proud! - eÿeka
Using this machine to convey the products to another processing position, and various of length can be customized.
A Transfer - is a must have and convenient service, that is not always provided by tour operators and/or hotels. If you are looking to get from Klagenfurt Airportto Vienna city (postcodes: 1000 - 1999), DANIEL VIENNA which is located in Austria, we can offer you different options for booking a transfer. It may be on a comfortable bus or minibus for a group transfer, or a personal car of economy, business, or premium class, which will take you from the airport / railway station to the hotel and back
To ensure that the site could calculate the price of the transfer from Klagenfurt Airportto Vienna city (postcodes: 1000 - 1999), DANIEL VIENNA and back, you need to select the arrival date, number of adults and children, as well as options of the vehicle. Payment is made by credit card.
Tan Daoji (simplified Chinese: 檀道济; traditional Chinese: 檀道濟; pinyin: Tán Dàojì) (died April 9, 436) was a high level general of the Chinese dynasty Liu Song. He was one of the most respected generals during the Southern and Northern Dynasties era. Because of this, however, he was feared by Emperor Wen and even more so by Emperor Wen's brother, the prime minister Liu Yikang the Prince of Pengcheng, and during an illness of Emperor Wen, Liu Yikang had Tan arrested and executed on false accusations of treason.
It is not known when Tan Daoji was born, but what is known is that he lost his parents early, and was said to be appropriate in his deeds even while a young orphan, respectful to his older brothers and sisters. One of his older brothers, Tan Shao (檀韶), was also later a general.
When warlord Huan Xuan seized the Jin throne from Emperor An of Jin in 403, Liu Yu rose against him in 404, and Tan joined Liu Yu's army and served as his assistant. When Huan Xuan was killed late in 404 but his nephew Huan Zhen (桓振) continued to resist Liu's army, Tan killed Huan Zhen in battle. For this achievement, he was created the Marquess of Wuxing. He continued to participate in various campaigns, including assisting Liu Yu's brother Liu Daogui (劉道規) against invading Later Qin and Western Shu forces commanded by Gou Lin (苟林) and Huan Xuan's cousin Huan Qian (桓謙) in 410 and battling Xu Daofu (徐道覆), the brother-in-law of the warlord Lu Xun (盧循). For this, he was created the Baron of Tang. (This might seem a demotion, but Liu Yu was reorganizing noble titles at the time, and while it was technically a demotion, he gave Tan a larger fief.)
When Liu Yu launched a major attack against Later Qin in 416, Tan was his forward commander, and he made major contributions in contributing the important cities Xuchang and Luoyang. After Later Qin's capital Chang'an fell in 417, he became the general in charge of protecting Liu Yu's heir apparent Liu Yifu.
After Liu Yu seized the throne from Emperor Gong of Jin in 420, ending Jin and establishing Liu Song (as Emperor Wu), he created Tan the Duke of Yongxiu. When Emperor Wu grew ill in 422, he entrusted Liu Yifu to Xu Xianzhi, Fu Liang, Xie Hui and Tan, and he died soon after. Liu Yifu succeeded him as Emperor Shao.
Unlike Xu, Fu, and Xie, however, Tan did not remain at the capital Jiankang or involve himself with the operations of the imperial government, but became the governor of Southern Yan Province (南兗州, modern central Jiangsu). When rival Northern Wei launched a major attack on Liu Song later in 422 in light of Emperor Wu's death, seeking to capture the Liu Song provinces just south of the Yellow River, Tan Daoji commanded an army to try to save those provinces. He was able to save Qing Province (青州, modern central and eastern Shandong), but could not also save Si (司州, central Henan) and Yan (兗州, modern western Shandong) provinces.
In 424, Xu, Fu, and Xie, dissatisfied with Emperor Shao's tendencies to trust people lacking virtues and believing him to be unfit to be emperor, resolved to depose him. Because they were apprehensive about the powerful armies that Tan and Wang Hong had, they summoned Tan and Wang to the capital and then informed them of the plot. They then sent soldiers into the palace to arrest Emperor Shao, after first persuading the imperial guards not to resist. Before Emperor Shao could get up from bed in the morning, the soldiers were already in his bedchamber, and he made a futile attempt to resist, but was captured. He was sent back to his old palace. The officials then, in the name of Emperor Shao's mother Empress Dowager Zhang, declared Emperor Shao's faults and demoted him to Prince of Yingyang, offering the throne to his younger brother Liu Yilong the Prince of Yidu instead. Liu Yilong, after some hesitation, took the throne as Emperor Wen.
Emperor Wen tried to pacify the officials who made him emperor by giving them greater titles and fiefs, and he tried to create Tan the Duke of Wuling (a commandery, as opposed to the county that he was the duke of), but Tan insisted on refusing, and returned to his post at Guangling (廣陵, in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu).
Emperor Wen, angry that Xu, Fu, and Xie had, immediately after they deposed Emperor Shao, assassinated both Emperor Shao and another brother of his, Liu Yizhen (劉義真) the Prince of Luling, had Xu and Fu arrested and killed in 426, and declared Xie, then the governor of Jing Province (荊州, modern Hubei) a renegade. Believing that neither Tan nor Wang Hong was involved in the plot to depose and kill Emperor Shao, he summoned them to the capital, and he put Tan in charge of the army to attack Xie. Xie, while a talented strategist, was unaccustomed to commanding large armies, and Tan defeated him; he was subsequently captured and executed. In light of his victory, Emperor Wen promoted Tan to greater titles and made him the governor of Jiang Province (江州, modern Jiangxi and Fujian).
When Emperor Wen launched a major campaign against Northern Wei in 430 to try to regain provinces south of the Yellow River, Tan was not in command of the army—Dao Yanzhi (到彥之) was. Dao was initially able to recover the provinces, as Northern Wei chose to abandon them temporarily, waiting for winter to counterattack. When it did so in winter 430, Dao retreated after Luoyang and Hulao fell, leaving Huatai (滑台, in modern Anyang, Henan) and its commanding general Zhu Xiuzhi (朱脩之) under Northern Wei siege and totally without support. Emperor Wen replaced Dao with Tan in spring 431, requesting that he try to advance to Huatai to save it. Tan was initially successful in his attempts to advance toward Huatai, winning several battles against Northern Wei forces. However, after he reached Licheng (歷城, in modern Ji'nan, Shandong), his supply route was cut off by the Northern Wei general Yizhan Jian (乙旃建), and he was no longer able to reach Huatai. Huatai soon fell, Zhu was captured, and Tan retreated. On the way, Northern Wei forces became aware that Tan was out of food, and so trailed him, ready to attack. Tan then used a trick that made him famous in Chinese history—at night, he had the soldiers pretend that sand was grain and yell out the measurements, and then covered the sand with grain. In the morning, when Northern Wei forces saw the pile of sand covered with grain, they mistakenly thought that Tan's forces did not lack food at all, and therefore decided not to pursue him further. Tan was able to withdraw his forces without major losses. Emperor Wen gave him greater titles and returned him to Jiang Province.
However, because of Tan's abilities and because his sons and subordinates were also all capable, he eventually became suspected by Emperor Wen and his brother, the prime minister Liu Yikang, particularly because Emperor Wen was ill for several years. Liu Yikang, who presumed that he would be regent if Emperor Wen were to die, was particularly concerned that he would be unable to control Tan. In late 435, when Emperor Wen became very ill, Liu Yikang summoned Tan to Jiankang, and despite misgivings by Tan's wife, Tan went to Jiankang anyway. He remained about a month, and as Emperor Wen grew better, he considered ordering Tan to return to Jiang Province or to put him in charge of another army against Northern Wei, but then suddenly grew sicker. At that time, Tan was already on the dock ready to depart for Jiang Province, and Liu Yikang summoned him back to Jiankang and arrested him. Emperor Wen then issued an edict falsely accusing Tan of preparing treason and executed him with his sons, but spared his grandsons. Emperor Wen also killed two of Tan's trusted generals, Xue Tong (薛彤) and Gao Jinzhi (高進之), who were capable soldiers and compared by their admirers to Guan Yu and Zhang Fei.
When Tan was arrested, he angrily threw his scarf on the ground and stated bitterly, "You have destroyed your Great Wall." When Northern Wei officials heard of Tan's death, they celebrated. In 450, when Northern Wei made a major incursion into Liu Song and destroyed six provinces, Emperor Wen lamented that if Tan were still alive, he would have prevented Northern Wei advances.
Tan was said to have had 36 military strategies—although it was later semi-derogatorily noted by the Southern Qi general Wang Jingze (王敬則), that of Tan's best strategies, "Retreat" was the last and best strategy—because the people had satirized Tan's retreat from Northern Wei forces after Huatai's fall.
άγνως is a New Testament hapax legomenon. άγνός occurs two other times in Paul, both occurrences are in 2 Cor.
There is a lovely technical term for a word that appears once in a body of text: a hapax legomenon (plural: hapax legomena), Greek for “once said.” The term comes from philology, the study of old texts.
In our case this means that πρωτοβαθρέω is an absolute hapax legomenon, if one assumes that the occurrences of βάθρον in Isa and διαβάθρη in Sam II are the result of corruptions. |
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These have been interesting times for me over the last two weeks. There has been a lot going on in pretty much every aspect of my life since the last trek to the Blue Ridge Parkway a couple of weeks ago. Last weekend, there just wasn’t time to get out and do any photography. This weekend, I had a little bit of time, but not too much. The problem this weekend was the weather. The forecast pretty much called for very little to no clouds for the good parts of the day. The good parts are the ends at sunrise and sunset. I was pretty much set on not going out to get any pictures this weekend, which was fine. I still had a good many from the Parkway to handle my daily Instagram posts.
I did wake up around 5am on Saturday morning to check the weather since there was a chance of a decent sunrise in the Piedmont. I wasn’t sure where I would go, but I wanted to be able to get out and do something if the weather looked promising. The reports were pretty dismal though. I saw no clouds, and the sunrise forecast had gone pretty blah overnight. I turned the alarm off and went back to sleep.
When I finally woke up, I wasn’t even thinking about doing pictures. Toni, Sierra, and I went out and visited the book store, went to a movie, and then had dinner. All the while there were pretty nice clouds that developed in the sky. Unfortunately, the sun was high in the sky, and while the clouds were nice, the lighting was harsh and flat. Toni kept telling me to go and work on some pictures, but with the existing lighting I had no interest in shooting anything. I was hoping that the clouds would hold out till sunset as they would look really good then.
When we got home after dinner I started to look at the weather forecast. It wasn’t really looking promising for clouds, and the sky was fairly empty at this point. The sunset forecast, however, gave me a little hope for some color in the sky. It might not be much, but it was worth going out and trying.
Now I needed to come up with a location to go. I have been trying to shoot a barn nearby for several months now, and I keep getting stymied by the sky at every turn. I have been trying mostly in the morning for a sunrise behind the barn. The idea has always been to get there long before the sun comes up and trying to capture some interesting colors in the sky, while still being able to expose for details in the barn. Twice now I’ve tried that and failed. I have also been out trying for some cloudy shots, but to no avail. It has been about 4 years since I have successfully shot this barn, and I wanted to get it in the summer before the trees started to change, or shed their leaves.
I went ahead and set my course for the barn off of Union Cross Rd in Forsyth County. My thought was I would probably get there and turn around, or sit for a while before deciding to give up. I know, this is a terrible attitude to have, but honestly, I didn’t really feel like going out. Had it not been for Toni prodding me, and my memory of many landscape photographers’ vlogs talking about going even when you don’t want to, I would have stayed home. Even if I didn’t get anything, the weather was nice and it would be nice to get behind the camera for a short time if nothing else.
When I arrived, the lighting was actually pretty good on the barn with the setting sun lighting the face. I went ahead and got the camera out and fitted my 70-200mm lens with the Sigh-Ray Color Combo Polarizer. I actually stayed across the road to get the composition that I wanted. Since there was not much interest in the sky, I wanted to minimize the amount of sky that I included in the shot. I mainly wanted to get the barn, and the tree that stood next to it. The plan here was to shoot a color image of the barn, but when I got home and looked at it, the colors were just lacking something. I liked the lighting and composition though. I decided to see how the sky would stand a monochrome conversion.
Once I got the conversion started, I could tell that the clouds were a little more visible, and the textures of the wood and crops stood out more. I worked with the contrasts and tonal relationships until I was happy with the image. It wasn’t what I had envisioned when I shot the scene, but it wasn’t bad either. It was a good start to the evening.
The sun was dropping now, and the lighting was improving. The clouds were also coming into play above the barn. I flipped the camera on its side and framed up a shot that captured the barn, tree, and the clouds above. I was really liking this composition. However, when I was looking in the review after the exposure was made, I realized something. In my excitement to set the shot up, I had missed a power line right at the top third point, which is why I missed it. I lined up perfectly with the grid lines in my preview screen. I was going to need to get to the other side of the road and shoot under the power line.
When I got there, I knew that the long lens was the wrong choice for my new location. I quickly swapped out to my 24-70mm lens and swapped the Color Combo Polarizer over as well. I recomposed and found roughly the same image at 35mm that I had found at 70mm earlier. This is the power of lenses, I can get the same compositions from wildly different positions. I was also able to get a bit more sky and foreground in this image with the perspective change. I grabbed a few exposures as the clouds moved across the sky.
I continued to shoot different compositions as the sun faded to my rear. I was a little disappointed to see the best cloud formation in the sky, and also the best lit one, was to the South. There was nothing at all to put under that patch of sky except a line of trees and a power pole with a lot of power lines draping across the scene. This just wouldn’t work at all. Oh well, I had a nice barn to work with.
As the sun dropped out of sight to my rear, the colors started to change up significantly. There were purples in the sky now, and the twilight sky was upon us. I set up a few different shots, and exposed as close to the right of the histogram as possible without blowing the image out. It looked terrible in the review image, but I knew that would be the case. I needed it slightly overexposed so that I could keep the detail in the barn, and I could recover the sky detail easy enough in Lightroom. I wasn’t sure how any of these would turn out, but I knew if they worked, I would have something entirely different from anything that I had shot before.
When I got home and started to process it, it took a minute or two to start seeing the colors develop that I had seen while shooting the image. What would normally take 5-10 minutes, probably took about 15 minutes to process. I really started to see the possibility of this one looking like what I had envisioned while shooting the image. Yes, this one might be a little more “worked” than most of my images, but I felt that it deserved a little extra processing to be true to my vision. It is not manipulated, and is not a composite. It isn’t even an HDR image. What it has turned into is a highly saturated image that has been dodged and burned to bring out the details that I found important to the image. It is a true representation of the actual scene, and is spot on with how I interpreted the scene at the time.
Just as I was about to pack up the camera, I started looking for the moon which was full. I knew it would be coming up very soon, and it should be near the barn. If I was lucky, I would get the opportunity to shoot the mood with the barn composition I had set up. Unfortunately, it was a bit far to the right for that to happen. I did move my position and shoot the barn square from the front with the moon just to the right. The composition was weak, and there was really no excitement in the image. It turned out to be one that I left in the discard file. I added my 2x teleconverter and tried for a moon shot at 400mm just because it was rather clear looking. It turned out pretty good, but I have just never really cared for moon shots that aren’t a part of a complete composition. It was just a moon, and it was no better, or any different, than any of the other hundred moon shots I have seen. It fell to the discard pile as well.
At the end of the evening, I had shot 59 frames of this barn and the moon. I knew I didn’t want my normal 10% cut to be keepers since this was just a single subject. I was actually looking for one, maybe two images to keep. In the end, I found that I really liked three images. They were all quite different, and represented a different story of the barn. I was happy keeping all three of the images and sharing them with you.
If you have never tried grilling planks before, you're in for a treat. Just soak them in water, place your food on top of the plank, and grill. It imparts a wonderful smokey flavor to the food. Great for fish, beef, chicken, etc.
--DO NOT SOAK IN OIL as recommended by other sellers. Not only will this cause your plank to catch fire, but you will also defeat the purpose of cedar planking - pure cedar smoke flavor. |
To prevent harm, clutch the bars firmly within the finishes furthest from the cones and stand securely on a strong ladder, not on chairs or cans turned the wrong way up. Retain clothes and body sections clear of the springs. Use safety glasses.
I haven't had any garage door accidents since we to start with released these online in 2005. And, in approximately I've aided retain other Do it yourself-ers out with the crisis room, I consider myself rather of the medical practitioner.
Be sure you have a outdated spring with you to definitely The shop, or jot possess all of the technical specs, to ensure that you get a precise replacement.
6.twelve Insert a second bar into the following gap. With a person bar in Every hand, increase the tip of the 2nd bar ample to drag the primary bar out of the cone.
Present-day doors combine aluminum and glass to produce a smooth, modern glance. A lot of glass and panel combinations can be found for various levels of privateness.
7.five Slide both equally springs out towards the cable drums. This is usually the toughest part of The work. You may have to file away swollen shaft, established screw burs, drywall or paint.
9.6 Bending the cable will help you prevent problems with the idea at the end of the cable catching on the end bearing plate and triggering the cable to come off as well as the garage door to jam, cock, or drop. Verify to ensure the cable is straight within the slot and not protruding the aspect.
Forcing the cones by tightening the bolts may perhaps split a cone if it is catching on the bearing. Winding torsion springs with cracked cones could potentially cause the springs to spin loose along with the bars to fly. Safe the bolts.
It may be a stuck cable, the garage ground could have shifted, or perhaps the vertical angle that can help aid the bearing plate might have loosened and shifted. A lot of garage doors are actually mounted with a niche in between a drum along with a bearing plate. The cable drums really should constantly be flush versus the race of your bearings.
This is actually the electric opener which operates this door. I'm picturing it listed here simply because you pull the rope to disconnect the trolley, run the trolley less than electric power for the absolutely-open up position, and after that disconnect electricity before working on the door. Then you'll want to lock the door down with both the security lock or with Vise-Grips or C-clamps. This avoids the door lifting when you don't hope it as you are making use of spring changes.
Within the winding cones at the other ends, the spring wire factors up. If not, reverse the springs. About the moment a month we have a cell phone simply call from a do-it-your self customer who commences the discussion with, "I wound the garage door spring to about 6 turns as well as spring came unfastened within more info the cone." We Generally refer them again to this step and propose they switch their springs.
This is just not accurate. To find the cost for changing springs in your neighborhood try to look for a reputable company via Yelp or the Better Busienss Bureau. If clicking a site's BBB symbol won't acquire you on the BBB website, we recommend getting your springs from a distinct company.
When trying to find a replacement garage door, I wanted to find a company that actually comprehended my requirements. I was fortunate enough to meet Grant (the proprietor) who was ready to deal with the next: Security, improving the search of my house and price tag.
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I think a reason behind your good results is partly because of the specialized niche you Clicking Here concentrate on, but will also the way you are trying to convert people over the landing site.
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So how exactly does which make any sense? I wonder check out this site In case the sequence during which focusing on criteria were being picked may need manufactured an affect, but I didn’t keep track of that at time. It just seems incredibly odd…
Any time you say you’re converting buyers to an e-mail signup, does that suggest you’re sending them to an e mail signup web page? And when that’s the case, don’t Additionally you require to split-take a look at the look of the email indication-up webpage in addition to the advertising campaign?
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The demand for talent development and organisational development consultants has been growing over the years. They become critical in guiding organisations and creating a competent workforce for tomorrow’s challenges, observes Siddharthan VGJ, Founder & Managing Director, Bodhih Training Solutions Pvt Ltd, for Elets News Network (ENN).
In the modern workplace, the opportunity for both companies and its employees is ever changing with innovation, market, customer behaviour, social media, socio-politics and economic policies of Government etc. The demand for new skills and knowledge makes continuous learning and updating oneself is inevitable. Businesses to sustain themselves ahead of the competition and to create newer markets are invest
ing heavily in building and managing a competent workforce. With automation and AI making several jobs redundant, there is a need for workforce and businesses to reinvent themselves. Today, the key to the success of an organisation is in providing the precise skilling prospects to their employees at the right time. With digital transformation sitting firmly in the backdrop, up-skilling or re-skilling helps one grow both personally and professionally. The demand for talent development and organisational development consultants has been growing over the years. They become critical in guiding organisations and creating a competent workforce for tomorrow’s challenges, today.
Both individuals and organisations are trailing behind and missing out on competitive advantages due to the skill gap today. Many employees already feel that their skill set is either redundant or outmoded and the pressure to stay and swim with the tides is more evident today than ever before.
Competence of OD Consultant and Talent Managers: While it is the OD consultant and Talent Manager who are going to play a critical role in creating and managing their talent pool, it is imperative that they aware of the current changes happening in their own fields. This includes skilling for future learning methodologies and technological influences in the learning space, etc. Organisations and businesses face a massive challenge in terms of upskilling their units to meet the competency/skill gap. Considering that skill redundancy is one of the pain areas, OD consultants and Talent Managers should be able to design a clear career development plan to address the issue. Any gap in skill will only continue to widen if left unchecked, therefore, timely planning and innovative ideas and actions must be taken to ensure both the employee and the organisation grows.
Time Constraints: Well, several surveys conducted in the past, have time and again proved that both employees and employers are aware of the growing gaps in skills and its enormous impact on both the individual and the organisation. Businesses want its team members to be on the job – creating products and services, managing clients and customers and hence find it challenging to move them to the training environment. The lack of relevant and timely upskilling or re-training leaves a negative impact on organisations, leading to multiple issues such as lack of profits, lack of productivity, diminishing value of the brand and goodwill to name a few. We are haphazardly stuck in what is called a typical “Catch 22 situation”.
All of this is directly linked to the upskilling or reskilling of individuals to ensure the required competencies or gaps in skills are filled and help in retaining high motivation levels in an employee, in turn, helping them and the organisation grow together.
In an era where digitalisation is such an integral part of today’s corporate culture, it is highly recommended that organisations keep in mind the potential gaps with regards to the digital aspects and plan their skilling and upskilling programs to meet the objectives at the right time. Digitalisation and skills management requires organisations to bind technology and learning in a manner where continuous learning or upskilling becomes the culture of the organissation.
Formality v/s Real Impact: For several HR and L&D functions, training is more like a formality – completing a calendar or exhausting yearly budget. Any place where training is seen as just a formality or compliance requirement – the whole L&D fails. This hampers prospects of competent workforce and business growth. Upskilling employees are now at an all-time high – thanks to the rapid digitalisation of businesses of all sizes and sectors. It is said that the core skill sets that are relevant today may not even be considered vital or crucial for the jobs in the near future. To stay relevant in the fast-changing industry, it is important to not just upskill employees but to also ensure timely and effective reiteration and continuously learning is encouraged.
Stake Holders and their Involvement: In several circumstances, I have seen the stakeholders – the Reporting Managers or the functional heads are not involved in the L&D decision making. This creates a gap in what is needed and what is learnt by the team. An organisation needs to ensure that all upskilling programs are planned in line with the values, vision, and mission of the company. All employees must be upskilled to perform their jobs both effectively and efficiently, meeting all requirements of the current technological, soft skills and competencies set as thresholds to meet the desired outcome. Once these are met, productivity and profits will follow instantaneously, and this cannot be achieved without the involvement of all relevant stakeholders.
An effective Learning and Development training plan will make a huge impact on an organisation’s and Individuals’ growth. Talent management teams and Employers today foresee the immediate need to invest in upskilling their employees. Many organisations today are placing career development plan at the top of their agenda, ensuring skill gaps are minimised is a top priority of several organisations. It is also one of the most effective ways of ensuring there is a buy-in and creating an enthusiasm among employees.
For the most part, the responsibility of upskilling, re-training or training is bestowed upon the Learning and Development department of the organisation.
Continuous Learning: Creating a learning culture that does not start and end with induction or compliance process. It should be developed in a way where Micro-Learning and blended learning approaches are introduced to ensure retention of a concept and time to apply learnings at the job is taken into consideration. This also helps in providing short, bite-sized learning interventions that can keep the employees engaged and be conducted at different intervals. A good Learning Management System helps in conducting such training, where employees attend in-house training programs or revise the course content at a later time through the integrated system. An LMS gives you multiple options to make learning easy, self-driven, and continuous by providing numerous learning opportunities via collaborative workshops, streaming videos, articles, course content etc.
Customised Learning: The one size fits all concept is no longer applicable when it comes to competency-based training, the idea is to create an alluring career development training plan that looks into an individual’s current skills and competencies and prepare a roadmap based on this. In addition to this Learning and Development teams also need to seek out various formats such as Gamification, E-Learning, Blended Learning, Outbound Learning, etc. that suits a learner’s needs and deliver training in a holistic manner.
Limitless Learning: Heard of M-Learning yet? Mobile Learning is a learner’s choice to learn from anywhere, at any time, using a device of their choice. In the mobile-friendly era, almost all businesses have an “App” which makes doing business whit them far easier these days. Similarly, to create and maintain a leaner’s interest you must give them the time and convenience of learning at their own pace, an LMS app or the businesses platform can be used to provide uninterrupted and limitless learning; Learning On-the-go.
Collaborative Approach: Learning doesn’t necessarily always happen in the classroom or via online courses, a lot of learning happens on a regular basis via peer-to-peer learning. With most of us being citizens of the global village these days and being better connected via technology, peer-to-peer learning is not limited to peers located under one roof, a good LMS can be used to share similar experiences and knowledge across the globe. It can be used to create discussion forums to share and learn in an informal but structured manner.
Skilling initiatives are a must for both employees and organisations grow. It is time to rethink and relook at our existing up-skilling programmes. |
While a 4 day course may not seem like a huge amount of time in training, MWD COACH uses 6 hrs a day to teach you the basics of directional drilling and MWD techniques. That is 24 hours of real time teaching!
MWD COACH accelerates the teaching experience for professionals that do not have the liberty of taking the extended time off work, and who want a ton of powerful usable information that can be applied to a real job!
While no school or training can promise to get anyone a job, and MWDC is not different: But with a MWDC Certification, credibility is added to the your resume & YOU! With that and our Coach's Evaluation MWDC becomes your advocate & passes your resume to multiple companies!
There are no guarantees but MWDC goes the extra mile for our trainees. We also offer a consultant agreement that we use to contract out individuals. Sometimes a company needs a few extra quality people & we provide that service. This is a nice option for many professionals too.
Well, honestly, there is no exact answer for this question...But the answer that BEST fits is this one:
This truly is up to YOU! Just like any job, the more you WANT it and go after what you want the better your chances of success! Many people just wait for something to happen - nothing is what happens usually... But being proactive in your job search is the only way to be recognized and noticed!
We believe you should keep looking or keep your current job until a MWD job is found. That being said, MWD COACH will forward your resume & keeping you aware if we hear any word of hiring. In addition, MWD COACH may have a contract job for you to do until you get hired by a company full time.
There are many options and scenarios... MWDC works with you, we want you to succeed, and we want you to have a new profitable career!
Yes. MWD COACH does training in our offices. Also our VIP Training Camp includes Airfare, rental car, and a hotel room which makes punctuality easy and allows for smooth accessibility. MWD COACH does focus the Training Camp in LAS VEGAS, NEVADA! We have had a great response in this region & from our feedback see why...Our students like that they can fly in or drive in fairly inexpensively. Also, Vegas provides many activities to allow our students to blow off steam. Many bring their significant others as a learning vacation. We encourage our students to have a good time while learning a new career!
We work with many, BUT the question should be is who do you NOT work with? Well, that is simple. We only work with small to medium sized companies. The larger companies have large training facilities and work offshore or internationally. We provide a need to smaller Directional companies that do not have the unlimited resources or personnel to handle a fulltime training facility. What does this mean for you? Well, a smaller company will recognize a great employee, and then reward that employee, while a larger company will usually let people go as they came (last hired, first fired).
There is no guarantee place you would work. Actually there is much drilling in Texas currently. But there is drilling in most of the United States. Directional/MWD work is in North Dakota, Pennsylvania, New York, Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi, West Virginia, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, Alaska, and more.
Where will you work? The job could take you to many of those listed. It really depends on the company you work for. Many of the companies are based out of Texas. Travel is a huge part of the oilfield industry so you can virtually live anywhere and still work.
No, we don't have financing or government help, BUT Paypal offers a credit account or your bank may be able to help you with financing.
We also require a down payment to reserve your seat. Then pay the balance before the course. We do accept credit cards, cashiers checks, money orders, cash and Bitcoin has always been welcome.
We suggest doing the Online Training Materials to begin. It is more affordable & allows you to work at your own pace to get your certification. Also, MWD COACH will credit you a portion when you upgrade to the 4 day Training Camp!
"There are jobs but getting the job is a the hard part. Knowing someone in a position of hiring is the obvious way. Taking our classes will definitely get you a huge jump ahead of the other candidates you will be trying to outdo for a MWD career path. But in my honest opinion you will need to be tenacious and knock on tons of doors, meet all the managers and coordinators, email regularly, and call often! It takes determination to get into a high paying career - none of us got in the first time...It took me two years of persistence and took my co-workers minimum of a year of calling every week hoping a position was open at numerous companies."
MWF HALLOWEEN HORROR is almost upon us as the Millennium Wrestling Federation debuts at the Attleboro Moose Lodge in Attleboro, MA on Saturday night, October 22nd.
In the main event, "Sudden Impact" Dylan Kage will defend the Millennium Wrestling Federation Heavyweight Champsionship against Osirus. Kage celebrated his two year anniversary as MWF champion on October 12th and seems to be devoting most of his attention towards his championship match against "Latin Fury" Luis Ortiz at SOUL SURVIVOR III on November 5th. Osirus is a newcomer to the MWF and looks more impressive in each outing. If Kage isn't careful, his being tricked could lead to a treat for Osirus in the form of fifteen pounds of gold.
There is a lot of talk around the MWF Tag Team Championship match on October 22nd. Originally, the champions Todd Hanson & Beau Douglas were scheduled to face The Trifecta (Jimmy Jact Ca$h and "Hoochie Playa" Danny Jaxx), as they were on September 24th at ROAD TO THE GOLD. However, the MWF Board of Directors once again overruled Commissioner Von Johnson as Ca$h and Jaxx have yet to team in the MWF. Hanson & Douglas will now put the gold on the line against the impressive Canadian Senations (J-Busta & Dave Cole) while The Trifecta will take on Southern Extreme (Texas Outlaw & The Widowmaker) in a tag team challenge match. The board overruling Von Johnson yet again only adds to the speculation that Paul Bearer will be named commissioner on November 5th.
"The Extreme Strongman" Gino Martino puts the AWA Brass Knux Championship belt on the line against a member of Ox Baker's Army, the massive Outpatient. The Outpatient was victorious over "Veteran" Paulie Gilmore at ROAD TO THE GOLD last month and Ox is counting on the Outpatient to get back the Brass Knux belt, the same belt he put up from his personal collection for the Martino-Kamala bloodbath in Lynn. Baker claims he will not rest until he regains the belt he feels was stolen from his clutches when Martino defeated Kamala.
In other matches, "Veteran" Paulie Gilmore will be taking on The Islanders in a Handicapped Match. Gilmore has become an enemy of the commissioner in recent times and Dr. Von Johnson has certainly stacked the odds against him, forcing Gilmore to face two 400 pound monsters. Jon Thornhill faces Nick Narcisstic in a top contenders match, looking to impress the board and perhaps earn a shot at the MWF Heavyweight or TV Championships. To top it all off, Attleboro legend Gary Gold will take on Chris Blackheart in a Attleboro Moose Lodge Grudge Match in the final match of a best of three series. The entire city of Attleboro will be behind Gary Gold on October 22nd. |
January can be a crazy month and is supposed to be a time to holiday and get rid of the past year’s stress. On a small block with livestock it can be just the opposite, and rain is the regular cause of concern. This summer has been very dry in many parts of the country and many farmers are already feeding out.
It’s surprising how few folk on small blocks know their neighbours, especially after new subdivisions have been completed, and new houses seem to appear overnight in paddocks next door. Pay your neighbours a visit, and introduce them into a farming support network. Many will be new block owners and will really appreciate contacts for when they need help.
Weather predictions often seem to be guesswork, despite all the technology available to meteorologists these days. So there’s a temptation to ignore the TV weather forecast ‘show’. The constant predictions of ‘showers’ seems to be to indicate that they have little idea what an approaching front will do – if it ever arrives at your place at the time predicted. Many of the so-called showers provide little soil moisture, as most of what comes down is evaporated at the rate of 3-5mm of evapotranspiration each 24 hours. This is going on whether it rains or not, so you can see how bare pastures that let the sun in are dry things up and kill growth very quickly.
What pastures need is a decent downpour, which the Met Service ‘showers’ never provides. And they never explain why their forecast was wrong for the previous day! But NIWA seems fairly sure about El Nino’s pending arrival again so it will pay to take this seriously from now on with feed planning.
Keep checking the 24-hour evapotranspiration rate in your local newspaper Met Service column, as this is almost more important than the rainfall.
January is all about soil moisture levels. We can’t get enough rain this month to get pastures to grow well into February. But don’t tell the holiday makers or hay contractors.
It’s vital to understand the importance of ‘pasture residual’, which is what is left after grazing, as leaf area is the factory for future growth from photosynthesis. It’s a pity photosynthesis was made so boring in school biology – as understanding it is the basis of pasture management to feed stock. It’s a simple enough concept – you manage stock to control pasture growth, which then feeds the stock. It’s all about balance, which often seems to be more art than science.
So January is not about growing more pasture – it’s more about saving and using what you have in an efficient way, and then hopefully preventing it burning off. Dry pasture has very little nutritional value so for important stock that you want to keep growing like calves and yearlings, feeding supplements is essential. It’s no good leaving stock to starve assuming that it’s going to rain – as even if it does, pastures will not really recover and product meaningful feed till autumn.
If you run out of pasture, silage has the best feed value, but hungry stock will always eat hay even thought they’ll waste a lot of it. A good option is to feed willow and poplar prunings, which are claimed to be high in minerals. But check the list of toxic trees and shrubs on the property, as they are always more palatable when wilted. Yew and tutu are the real killers so learn to recognise these.
If your farm is grossly under stocked and pastures get totally out of control, and you don’t want to cut them for hay, just speed up the grazing rotation, and let the stock chew off the tops of this standing hay, or ‘deferred grazing’ and accept the amount of waste that will result. And remember this dry pasture can be a fire hazard so be prepared, especially if near the road. Fire will even travel across closely grazed paddocks.
Only big hungry mature cattle can chew off this mass of dry feed, and most of it will be wasted leaving a thick ‘thatch’ that will delay the growth of fresh green quality feed, both for the rest of the summer and into autumn. And it’s also ideal cover for growth of Facial Eczema spores.
But a good thing about this deferred grazing is that it will provide seed that will fall into the pasture, and add to the years of un-germinated seed (called hard seed) in the ground already.
Do a financial budget to see if it’s worthwhile to cash some stock now, and make hay of any surplus feed to sell now or later. If pastures continue to dry up, then getting rid of stock is a wise option and accept the financial loss – which could increase if you keep them on.
Keep the slasher in the shed as shaving off paddocks does more harm than good, and any dry litter left is an ideal base for Facial Eczema fungi to grow. When it rains, this dry dead thatch rots away in only a few days, leaving large areas of bare ground for weeds to germinate with the extra light and moisture.
Sheep don’t like hot weather, so make sure they’ve all been shorn and they can get shade and plenty good clean water from a trough and not a creek. Flies are a constant annoyance in the shade as well as out in the sun.
The most important job is to get rid of all ewes that are not going to add value to the business next season – and don’t delay this decision. It’s far better to quit them now and reduce the stocking rate for when pastures really dry up and when the sale yards of full of skinny sheep.
Be ruthless when selecting ewes going to the ram next season, and only keep those that are in good body condition, have two good undamaged teats, and no hard lumps in their udders. Only keep ewes that reared a lamb or lambs to weaning and don’t keep any that you know had mastitis. They should also have a full set of teeth that are not worn down to the gum or have grown too long and are loose, have large gaps between them that chewing off grass has made wider, and teeth worn right down to the gum, especially on pumice country. These ewes should be culled.
If teeth have been evenly worn and are all present (8 incisors), then that ewe will be worth keeping for another year as she’ll be able to harvest grass effectively. You’ll also see teeth that are being replaced by permanent incisors at 1.5. 2.5 and 3.5 years so will look half pushed out. After five years old you cannot age sheep by their teeth.
The best lambs should have been weaned in December so what to do with the ‘rats and mice’ is always a problem on a small block, especially if it gets very dry. Too many flocks have the rams running with the flock all year ending up with small lambs in the heat of summer. It’s best to get rid of them and cut your losses, as they’ll never grow and will only eat autumn feed needed to build up the ewes for mating. The will never grow into decent sheep anyway and will cost you time and money later on preventing flystrike and dagging.
Rams will be active from now on so keep them away from the ewes if you don’t want winter lambs next season. So it’s vital that mating is managed on small blocks and that your date for the start of lambing suits next spring’s pasture growth and your workload. This may not be easy to work out.
If you want to put hoggets to the ram, they must be above 45 kg, and remember they will need extra feed for their next season as they are still growing. You don’t want permanently stunted sheep as the basis of the flock for the next five years.
Get the shearing out of the way, and if you kept the wool and before you take it to the merchant, make sure it’s properly sorted. The only wool of real value is the main body wool (and that will be low this season), so throw the fleece on a clean area and remove any short and stained bits around the edges and keep the bellies separate.
You may think that you’ve thrown half the fleece away after this exercise but if you throw everything in, then you’ll get the lowest price for the lot. Be prepared to get very little for these oddments. Put the dags around fruit trees.
Shearing lambs may not be very profitable, but shearing is necessary as woolly lambs are more prone to flystrike even when clean. Giving them an fly spray around the britch and along the back is very effective, but talk to your vet to use the right product and follow the instructions completely. You don’t want to breath in any of the chemical or let it touch your bare skin. Take special note of the ‘withholding’ time on the product as you won’t be able to sell them for meat, and a buyer may not take them either.
Also watch for flystrike on shorn ewes if any get dirty, as it doesn’t need much to attract the Aussie green blowfly, which starts early and is active late in the season. A small shearing cut is all it takes to start an attack, although these usually heal up quickly.
Any ewes that have not improved after weaning and are still skinny could have health problems, so check with your vet. Don’t immediately assume they need a worm drench. They could be better cashed in now.
Don’t drench any lambs that you are keeping until you have talked to your vet and actions are based on Faecal Egg Counts (FECs) and not drench promotional gimmicks like left-over Christmas hams! Any scouring or poor growth problems may not be worms. There has been some recent scary evidence of how many drench families are failing and how triple combinations are the best option, till they run into problems too. So check the ‘Wormwise’ website for the latest advice on flock management to prevent drench resistant problems.
There are far too many rams kept on small blocks for too long and they should be culled after two seasons when they are likely to mate with their daughters. All rams kept from last year will need vet checking and newly purchased rams will need shearing a few weeks before joining with the ewes. They need about 25mm of wool growth to stop a mating harness sliding around and giving false markings on ewes’ rumps. Don’t apply any chemical treatment for fly or lice to rams (or ewes) before mating, as you don’t know what affect this may have on fertility.
Fit healthy rams in January in the North Island will start to ‘pink up’, start to smell strongly and be keen to get to ewes. This smell from the male pheromone in the wool grease can bring ewes into season, so keep rams away from the ewes if you don’t want early lambs.
If you want early lambs, the ewes need to be in top body condition and gaining weight (called flushing) to encourage ovulation and oestrus. The first round of cycles may have silent heats so don’t be surprised if there is no action after joining for a week or so. It’s a good idea to let the ewes smell the ram though a fence before opening the gate to get these silent heats out of the way.
Start Facial Eczema (FE) precautions. The only practical way to treat sheep with zinc is with a bolus, which lasts around a month. Don’t give them more than three boluses in a season as it can risk zinc toxicity. So deciding when to start precautions is a concern, knowing that FE can dangerous right up to May in ever-increasing areas of New Zealand as the climate heats up.
Talk to your vet about doing spore counting from pasture samples or faecal samples, to see when pastures are ‘hot’ and hence dangerous. Paddocks vary greatly within a farm, depending on aspect and shelter. Faecal sampling for spores is becoming more popular as at least you know that the sheep has eaten them. Ask your vet about this.
If you are serious about your sheep breeding programme in the long term, and the way the climate is warming up, consider buying FE tolerant rams to breed resistance into your sheep. Contact Sheep Improvement Ltd (SIL) for details of breeders and you needn’t pay big money for a top ram. Get the breeder to pick you one down the selection list, which will be a guaranteed improver for your flock. Breeders do all their culling before they offer rams for sale – they don’t offer culls to clients.
There is also a lot more farmers using lime on their pastures, which they claim changes the environment to discourage fungal and spore growth. It’s well worth trying.
It’s the young growing stock, especially dairy weaners that are the main concern through January when it gets hot, pastures go to seed, and pasture covers disappear as the soil dries out.
Young stock need the best pasture to keep growing at least around 0.5 to 0.6 kg/day, but if feed quality drops, then 0.4kg/day or less may have to be accepted. In severe dry situations without supplements they’ll stop growing or even lose weight unless you provide good quality supplements like silage. Concentrate meal has the highest feeding value but it’s the most expensive.
Weight loss will stunt young growing calves and yearlings, which then has serious long-term effects. Stunted stock may catch up when well fed again, but it will take more feed and more time, and both of these have a cost, as you’ll have them on the farm for longer.
All calves sucking on cows need to be weaned, and again in theory fed the best feed on the farm if it’s available. The cows can then clean up any rough drying pastures. With plenty of good water and shade, beef cows of the traditional breeds take no hurt from dry conditions, but you don’t want any young stock like calves (especially with dairy crossbred genes) to slip back in condition.
If young stock start to get thin and scour, don’t assume worms are the cause. At this time of year there are still the leftover drench promotions like Christmas hams to temp folk to buy drench their stock don’t need. Check with your vet to find the cause of any problems and then the correct product can be given. Check young stock for lice too and get vet advice on what products to use, as they are getting resistant to chemicals as well as worms. The widespread use of pourons has hastened resistance problems in cattle. Older cattle should not need treating for worms.
Do not now put cattle out on the road verge to clean up feed, as the risks are too great to safety and your legal responsibilities if they cause accidents. With the increasing speed of traffic these days, the best advice is to buy some silage to feed them, as you could end up bankrupt if you are judged the cause of an accident.
Older store cattle in good condition can handle dry spells, and if feed gets short, their main priority is good water and shade. Bulls not needed for next season should be in the sale yards or meat works.
Watch for biting flies on cattle in hot weather, and get vet advice for a pouron treatment if they become a serious nuisance. These look like houseflies but bite and are a different species.
FE protection should be well underway. Don’t rely on general spore counts published in the local paper or on websites, as they may not apply to your farm or different paddocks within the farm. Talk to your vet about what to do about FE prevention. If you want to use zinc boluses, don’t use more than three in a season. Zinc sulphate in the water trough is not palatable, so how much each animal gets can be vary greatly and hence may not be effective. Note – for oral drenching you use Zinc Oxide, never Zinc Sulphate (for the trough) as the sulphate will damage the rumen lining. Check our website for more information.
If you are to get away for a break before school starts, double check farm and home security as more burglars are on the beat due to the ever-expanding drug trade. Inform your neighbours of your movements.
Keep your entry gates closed at all times and reverse the top gudgeon so the gate cannot be taken off. Burglars love easy access to your property so they can drive in to check if you are home, and drive out fast with the loot.
Keep checking the water supply, as you cannot afford to waste any. Put a tap on each trough to turn off the supply when the paddock is not in use. This will also save water being lost from evaporation, which can be amazingly high in the heat of summer.
Keep checking all power fences and especially the earth pegs which dry out fast and reduce voltage. Hopefully you got a new model tester for your power fences for Christmas!
You don’t want to be the cause of mechanical disasters to hold them up with all their massive modern and expensive gear.
You’ll still be having visitors with children around the farm this month so keep the kids well away from all working farm machinery.
Be brutal and banish small children from the motorbikes and ATVs. Don’t add to the appalling rural statistics and have a permanent injury or death on your conscience forever!
Check and prune trees that are overgrowing any roads on your boundary, as you will be liable for accidents they may cause if they fall on to the road. Check your insurance!
Start a programme of fencing off creeks and drains, even from sheep as well as cattle, and organise some riparian planting. There is plenty of good advice available these days on this subject.
Moriel TV is active in the area of discer nment withstanding the popular apostasy in the contemporary church that The Word of God warns would precede the return of Jesus. We remain firmly aligned to the conviction that contemporary events in The Middle East , Europe, and in the church make the present time in history different from other eras when people thought it was the last days. We affirm the belief that Jesus is coming again and prophecy of His return is radically being fulfilled increasingly. |
A common question that I hear people asking is what does the Morrigan look like. There really isn't a simple answer. Generally when she appears in mythology she is not described in much detail. Instead we get passages like this one from the Cath Maig Tuired:
(The Unish of Connacht calls by the south. The woman was at the Unish of Corand washing her genitals, one of her two feet by Allod Echae, that is Echumech, by water at the south, her other by Loscondoib, by water at the north. Nine plaits of hair undone upon her head.)
Similarly when she appears in most versions of the Tain Bo Cuiligne* (TBC) it simply says "Is ann sin tainic in Morrigan ingen Ernmuis a Siodaibh" (Then came the Morrigan daughter of Ernmas from out of the Sí) without adding any physical details. There are a few appearances which are described however.
In the Táin Bó Regamna (TBR) we are given this: "Bean derg hissin charpat ocus bratt derg impi ocus di braí dergai lé ocus a brat eter di feirt in charpuit síar co sliged lár ina diaig..." (A red-haired woman with red eyebrows was in the chariot with a red cloak around her shoulders; the cloak hung down at the back of the chariot and dragged on the ground behind her.) This description of a red-haired woman** may be the most detailed description we ever get of the Morrigan's physical appearance and it is the only one where we are never told that she is in disguise or in an assumed form. In my own opinion this is most likely to be her true appearance, but other people may have different conclusions.
This description is somewhat similar to another of the Morrigan's appearances in the TBC: "And-sin tánic in Mórrígu ingen Ernmais a Sídib irricht sentainne" (then came the Morrigan daughter of Ernmas from out of the Sí shaped as an old woman). However this passage makes it clear this is not her natural appearance but a "richt", a guise, form, or assumed shape. The idea of the Morrigan taking on other shapes or disguises is a common one, and in fact in the Metrical Dindshenchas she is called "samla día sóach" (a phantom, the shape-shifting Goddess) making it clear that her form is fluid and changeable.
It is debatable whether or not the brief description of the Morrigan in disguise as "Buan's daughter" in the TBC reflects her true appearance or is, as with her form as an old woman, merely a disguise. In this passage, which does not occur in all versions of the TBC she is described as "in n-ócben chuci co n-étuch cach datha impe ocus delb roderscaigthe furri" (the young woman with a garment of every coloring around her and a form fiercely beautiful on her). Personally I'm a bit suspicious because of the phrase "delb...furri" that is "a shape...on her". It is possible that it's just an expression, or perhaps it could be an allusion to the fact that the Morrigan has assumed this alluring disguise as part of her attempt to trick Cu, who has of course seen her red-haired form in the TBR previously.
She also has several animal forms which are described in the TBC as "escuinge slemne duibi" (a smooth, black eel), "saidhi gairbi glasruaidhi" (a rough, grey-red bitch), "samhaisci finne óderge" (a white, red-eared heifer) and in the TBR we see these forms echoed in her threats to Cu Chuluinn: "esccung" (an eel), "sod-sa dono glass" (a blue-grey*** wolf-bitch), and "samuiscc-siu finn áuoderg" (a white, red-eared heifer) as well as "hén-si dub" (she, a black bird). In the Lebor na Huidre she is also described as taking the form of a bird "in Mórrigan són i ndeilb eúin" (the Morrigan, she in the likeness of a bird). It is interesting to note that most of these animal depictions come with a specific color.
The Morrigan is clearly capable of assuming many forms to serve her purposes, and we have descriptions of many of them. I have only touched on some here to illustrate what we generally know about her appearance. It may be that her true form is of a a red-haired woman dressed in red, as we see in the TBR, but certainly she is not limited to that. She comes to us in many shapes and forms, through many guises and many means. Ultimately she is what she chooses to seem to be to each viewer, whether that is black bird or white cow, naked hag or fiercely beautiful young woman.
** literally the text says "bean derg" a red woman, however in Irish this is how hair color is usual given. See Audrey Nickel's "Color Me Irish" blog post for more on this
*** for those who are interested in the use of color in Irish material its given here as glas, or literally green, but green which can be anything from a light green or blue to a blue grey.
The Morrigan has many guises and I have met most of them in the flesh, from Strong sweet and loving to brave and assertive to the don't mess with me ever types.
Nicely done! Well researched and written. She had much about her open to interpretation, especially her appearance. |
1918 Upon signing The Act of Union, an agreement with Denmark, Iceland became a fully sovereign state under the Danish king.
1896 The Iaşi National Theatre, in Iaşi, Romania, was inaugurated. The inauguration festivities took place with Flechtenmacher’s National Overture, the vaudevilles Muza de la Burdujeni (The Muse from Burdujeni) by Costache Negruzzi and Cinel-cinel (The Riddle) by Vasile Alecsandri, as well as the verse comedy Poetul romantic (The Romantic Poet) by Matei Millo. The theatre is the oldest national theatre and one of the most prestigious theatrical institutions in Romania. With its neoclassic exterior and a richly decorated interior in Rococo and Baroque styles, the building is considered one of the most elegant in Romania.
1792 Russian mathematician Nikolai Lobachevsky was born in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. His main achievement was the development (independently from János Bolyai) of a non-Euclidean geometry, also referred to as Lobachevskian geometry. Because of this, he is often called the Copernicus of Geometry.
1743 German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth was born in Wernigerode. His life’s work did much to improve and systematize the processes of analytical chemistry and mineralogy. He was the first to discover uranium and zirconium, and to characterize them as distinct elements. He wrote over 200 scientific papers and was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1804. The crater Klaproth on the Moon is named after him.
1580 French astronomer Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc was born in Belgentier, in southeastern France. His research included a determination of the difference in longitude of various locations in Europe, around the Mediterranean, and in North Africa. He also maintained a wide correspondence with scientists and was a successful organizer of scientific inquiry.
1525 Czech physician and astronomer Tadeáš Hájek was born in Prague. He was the personal physician of Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph II. His voluminous writings in Latin were mostly concerned with astronomy and many regarded him as the greatest astronomer of his time. The lunar crater Hagecius and the asteroid 1995 Hajek are named in his honour.
1974 NASA’s Pioneer 11 spacecraft made its closest approach to Jupiter. It passed to within 34,000 km of Jupiter’s cloud tops and obtained dramatic images of the Great Red Spot, made the first observation of the immense polar regions, and determined the mass of Jupiter’s moon Callisto.
1927 The Ford Motor Company sold the first Model A. 4,849,340 were produced between 1927 and 1931. Prices ranged from US $385 for a roadster to $1400 for the top-of-the-line Town Car.
1881 German physicist Heinrich Barkhausen was born in Bremen. He discovered the Barkhausen effect in 1919, a principle concerning changes in the magnetic properties of metal. With Karl Kurz, he developed the Barkhausen- Kurz oscillator in 1920 for ultrahigh frequencies (forerunner of the microwave tube), leading to understanding of the principle of velocity modulation. He is also known for experiments on shortwave radio transmissions.
1845 Manifest Destiny: US President James K. Polk, during his First Annual Message to Congress, announced that the United States should aggressively expand into the West. The phrase, first coined by journalist John L. O’Sullivan earlier in the year, described the general belief that the United States was destined, even divinely ordained, to expand across the North American continent.
1409 The University of Leipzig, one of the oldest universities in Europe and the second-oldest university (by consecutive years of existence) in Germany, was founded by Frederick I, Elector of Saxony and his brother William II, Margrave of Meissen.
1973 NASA’s Pioneer 10 space probe sent back the very first close-up images of Jupiter. This was also the first flyby of an outer planet.
1967 South African surgeon Dr. Christiaan Barnard performed the world’s first human heart transplant. The operation lasted nine hours and used a team of thirty people.
1919 The Quebec Bridge officially opened. It crosses the lower St. Lawrence River to the west of Quebec City, and Lévis, Quebec, Canada.
1904 American-Argentine astronomer Charles Dillon Perrine discovered Himalia, a moon of Jupiter. It is the largest irregular satellite of Jupiter, the sixth largest overall in size, and the fifth largest in mass.
1838 American meteorologist Cleveland Abbe was born in New York City. He developed a system of telegraphic weather reports, daily weather maps, and weather forecasts which were later adopted by the U.S. Weather Bureau. He also invented the 4 standard time zones in the U.S., which were later put in use by the railroads and the government.
1965 NASA launched the Gemini 7 spacecraft, with astronauts Frank F. Borman II and Edward H. White II on board. The objective of the flight was to study the effects of a fortnight in space on the human body. The nearly fourteen days in space would double the length of time that anyone had been in space and would stand as the single longest spaceflight duration record for five years.
1816 American chemist Benjamin Silliman, Jr. was born. He investigated the potential uses of crude oil products and gave impetus to plans for drilling the first producing oil well in 1859. He pioneered the practice of separating the crude oil into its component parts, or its fractions, and observed the characteristics of each fraction.
1791 The first edition of The Observer, the world’s first Sunday newspaper, was published in London.
1619 38 English settlers arrived at Berkeley Hundred, 20 miles upstream from Jamestown. The group’s charter required that the day of arrival be observed yearly as a “day of thanksgiving” to God, and this is considered to be the first Thanksgiving celebration in America.
1901 German theoretical physicist Werner Heisenberg was born in Würzburg, Germany. He made foundational contributions to quantum mechanics and is best known for asserting the Heisenberg uncertainty principle of quantum theory. He set forth the matrix formulation of quantum mechanics in 1925 and was awarded the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physics.
1896 Austrian-American biochemist and pharmacologist Carl Ferdinand Cori was born in Prague. He received a Nobel Prize in 1947 for the discovery of how glycogen – a derivative of glucose – is broken down and resynthesized in the body, for use as a store and source of energy.
1492 Christopher Columbus first set foot on the island of Hispaniola, during his first voyage of discovery.
1884 Construction was completed on the Washington Monument in Washington D.C., when workers placed an aluminum-tipped lighting rod on the top. The monument was officially dedicated the next February.
1863 American inventor and engineer Charles Martin Hall was born in Thompson, Ohio. He is best known for his invention in 1886 of an inexpensive method for producing aluminum, which became the first metal to attain widespread use since the prehistoric discovery of iron.
1534 The city of Quito, Ecuador was founded in its present location by Spanish settlers led by Sebastián de Belalcázar.
by White History 1972 Apollo 17 was launched from Kennedy Space Center, in Florida. It was the first night launch of a U.S. human spaceflight and the sixth and final lunar landing mission of the Apollo program.
1940 The Fairey Barracuda, a British carrier-borne torpedo and dive bomber, was flown for the first time. It was the first of its type to be fabricated entirely from metal.
1905 Dutch-American astronomer Gerard Kuiper was born in Tuitjenhorn, in north Holland. He discovered Miranda, a moon of Uranus, and Nereid, a moon of Neptune. The Kuiper Belt is so-named after his original suggestion of its existence outside the orbit of Neptune before it was confirmed as a belt of small bodies. He was first to measur the diameter of Pluto. In the Martian atmosphere Kuiper detected carbon dioxide, but the absence of oxygen. In the 1960s, he helped identify landing sites on the moon for the Apollo program.
1888 Scottish inventor John Boyd Dunlop received a patent for the first practical pneumatic or inflatable tire, which he used on his son's tricycle.
1810 German physiologist Theodor Schwann was born. His many contributions to biology included the development of cell theory, the discovery of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, the discovery and study of pepsin, the discovery of the organic nature of yeast, and the invention of the term metabolism.
1864 The Clifton Suspension Bridge over the River Avon in North Somerset, England, officially opened.
1765 American inventor Eli Whitney, Jr. was born in Westborough, Massachusetts. He is most famous for inventing the cotton gin, one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution. He also invented the first musket that could be manufactured with interchangeable parts, and one of the first milling machines.
1730 Dutch physiologist, biologist and chemist Jan Ingenhousz was born in Breda. He is famous for discovering that light is essential to plant cellular respiration, a vital step in the discovery of photosynthesis.
by White History 1968 American inventor Douglas Engelbart conducted a demonstration of his "oN-Line System", or NLS, at the Fall Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco. The NLS system was the first to employ the practical use of hypertext links, the mouse, raster-scan video monitors, information organized by relevance, screen windowing, presentation programs, and other modern computing concepts.
1742 German-Swedish pharmaceutical chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele was born in Stralsund, Germany. He made a number of chemical discoveries, such as oxygen, and identified molybdenum, tungsten, barium, hydrogen, and chlorine. Unfortunately for Scheele, others were often given credit for these discoveries since they were first to publish their findings.
1508 Dutch mathematician and cartographer Gemma Frisius was born in Dokkum, Friesland. He created important globes, improved the mathematical instruments of his day and applied mathematics in new ways to surveying and navigation. He described for the first time the method of triangulation still used today in surveying, and was the first to describe how an accurate clock could be used to determine longitude.
1425 The Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium's largest, oldest and most prominent university, was founded by Pope Martin V. It is the oldest Catholic university in the world still in existence today
by White History 1974 The Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) launched the Helios I space probe, with help from NASA. It is notable for having set in the mid-1970's a maximum speed record among spacecraft at 252,792 km/h (about 70km/s), also roughly 0.0002 times the speed of light.
1935 Jay Berwanger, an American football halfback at the University of Chicago, won the first Downtown Athletic Club Trophy, which was renamed the Heisman Trophy the next year. The trophy is awarded each year to the most outstanding player in collegiate football.
1868 The world's first traffic lights were installed outside the British Houses of Parliament in London, at the intersection of George and Bridge Streets. The work was done by the railway engineer J.P. Knight. The device was a revolving gas-powered lantern with a red and a green light. Knight's invention was similar to the railway signals of the time.
1815 Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace, known simply as Ada Lovelace in modern times, was born in London. She is today appreciated as the first computer programmer since she was writing programs (actually encoding an algorithm in a form to be processed by a machine) for Charles Babbage's analytical engine. |
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A manipulation of the process led to the wrong person being selected, leading to the ANC starting afresh.
And Nkangala regional secretary Leah Khoza has been fingered in the squabble that led to the selection of Maria Sepenyane as ward councillor candidate in the Delmas area of Delpark and Malita’s ward 6 in Mpumalanga.
Mishack Mthombeni – the man who was chosen by the community members to be ward 6 councillor candidate – revealed this when he was speaking to 013NEWS on Sunday morning.
During an ANC branch general meeting earlier this year, the names of Mthombeni, Sepenyane and that of then outgoing ward councillor Thandi Shabangu were picked by party members.
Mthombeni said this branch meeting, “well attended” was “fair and square” in its selection process as well as a community meeting a day later but then the regional secretary manipulated the list in favour of Sepenyane.
“What happened was that the following day in the community meeting, comrade Thandi got 4 votes and comrade Maria got around 10 or something I can’t remember but it was low and on me it was obvious because the whole hall raised their hands to say they want me.
“Now everything went smooth and the comrades, regional and provincial delegates accepted that I was nominated.
“Comrade Leah Khoza was doing the IEC registration and afterwards I learnt my name was no longer there and we questioned and she began not to answer our calls,” said Mthombeni.
Addressing the 1st provincial executive committee lekgotla – post elections – on 3 September provincial chairman, DD Mabuza hit hard on “regional leaders who had imposed candidates on the community” and “branches which had manipulated processes.”
“The ANC must accept, its within the policy of the ANC that; allow the people to elect their own candidate. It can’t be about friendship, it cant be about putting your friend to be a councillor.
And I know some of those comrades who did that and I had an opportunity to tell them; don’t do this, don’t do that and we suffered because of that,” Mabuza said at the time.
When contacted for comment Khoza told 013NEWS that she was in hospital and could not talk, referring queries to regional spokesman Sello Matshokga who said “indeed a mistake occurred” during the submission of names.
“That’s why we have decided to start afresh with the process and that’s why now we have the by-elections,” said Matshokga.
The most common exception to this rule is when you've got a truck that's large enough to transport all construction debris to a landfill or landfill drop off point. If you are working on a little bathroom remodeling job, for instance, you could find that you could fit all of the debris in a truck bed.
Other than quite little jobs, it is recommended that you rent a dumpster in Chico for construction jobs.
If you're not sure whether your municipality accepts construction debris, contact the city for more info. You will probably discover you will need to rent a dumpster in Chico. Placing debris outside for garbage removal could potentially result in fines.
Dumpster rental firms generally have set prices, but the fine art of negotiation is constantly in play. If you would like to dicker on the cost, call around to other firms first so you understand what the going rental rate is. When you're talking to the business you wish to use, only mention other prices that are better than theirs. Some firms will not just fit that lower cost, they are going to really surpass it to suit their customers.
You can even ask about discounts when you're renting a dumpster in Chico. Some firms will provide special discounts to active members of the military, veterans, seniors, members of the neighborhood Chamber of Commerce and much more. It really never hurts to ask; you can sometimes save up to 10 percent or more with this method.
You can also save on the cost by asking about the best approach to avoid additional expenses (such as tipping fees or overage costs) and making sure you order the right size container; you do not desire to pay for more container than you really desire.
One of the largest concerns you likely have when renting a dumpster in Chico is how much it'll cost. One of the very best approaches to negate this anxiety would be to get accurate advice. When you call to get a price quote, have recommended of just how much waste you'll need to remove so you may get the most effective recommendation on dumpster size. In case you're not sure on the total amount of waste, renting a size larger will save you the additional expense of renting a second dumpster if the first proves too little.
Provide any information you believe is important to make sure you don't end up paying for services that you don't actually want. Some companies charge by the container size, while others charge by weight. Be sure you understand which is which so you have a clear estimate. Also be sure to request whether the estimate you get comprises landfill charges; this is going to keep you from being surprised by an additional fee later.
Determining where to put your dumpster can get a huge impact regarding how fast you finish projects. The most efficient alternative is to pick a place that's close to the worksite. It is vital, nevertheless, to consider whether this place is a safe option. Make sure that the area is free of barriers that could trip individuals while they take heavy debris.
Many individuals choose to put dumpsters in their own drives. This is a handy option as it generally means you can avoid asking the city for a license or permit. In the event you have to put the dumpster on the road, then you definitely should contact your local government to inquire whether you are required to get a license. Although a lot of municipalities will let people keep dumpsters on the road for brief levels of time, others are going to request that you complete some paperwork. Following these rules will help you stay away from fines that may make your job more costly.
Planning ahead for your dumpster rental in Chico will make your project easier and safer to end on time. When renting a dumpster in Chico, follow these hints to help you plan ahead.
1. Clear an area that is large enough for the dumpster to sit down for several days or weeks. Also, be sure that you and other people have access to the dumpster. You need to have a clear path that prevents accidents.
3. Get any permits you may want. If you plan to depart the dumpster on a public street, then you certainly might want permission from the city.
When you rent a dumpster in Chico, you are dealing with professionals who use terms connected with the construction industry and dumpsters each day. Since you probably don't use these terms every day, here's a bit of the lingo to get you acclimated. This can actually help you deal with business workers who may get impatient if you don't realize what they're describing about their products.
"Container" and "roll-off" are both acceptable terms for the big metal box you want to rent. Professionals do not use the term "dumpster" as much as the other terms. Containers are usually let in cubic yard sizes, but you do not have to contain the "cubic" part. Merely say "yard" or "yarder." If, for instance, you want to rent a 30-yard dumpster, you can say, "I'm interested in a 30-yard roll-off" or "I'd like to rent a 30-yarder." Take advantage of these terms, and you will seem like a guru when you call.
Most dumpster rental firms in Chico generally rent containers for a conventional rate for 7 days, although most one time customers end up keeping their container an average of three and a half days. When you call to reserve the container, conversation with all the customer support representative about the length of time you think you'll need.
If it turns out that your project takes longer than you anticipated, simply call the dumpster company to describe. Most firms will charge you on a per-day basis following your initial 7 days. It is vital that you communicate this additional need as soon as you know you've it since most dumpster businesses have a limited number of bins that could already be reserved. Most firms will work together with you to accommodate your additional rental time. In case you think you will need the dumpster for an additional week or more, ensure that you mention that; rates may change based on a longer period of time.
Most cities or municipalities don't have many regulations regarding dumpster rental in Chico as long as you keep the dumpster completely on your own property during the rental period. In case you have to position your container on the street in any way, you will probably need to obtain a license from the right building permit office in your town.
Most dumpster rental firms in Chico will take care of procuring this license for you if you rent from them. Make sure that should you're intending to place the dumpster on the street, the business has made the appropriate arrangements. You must also ensure that you get the license in a timely manner and at the right price. In case you believed the dumpster business was getting a license and they did not, you will be the one who will need to pay the fine that is issued by the authorities.
You can fill your dumpster as full as you like, provided that you do not load it higher than the sides of the container. Over filling the dumpster could cause the waste or debris to slide off as the dumpster is loaded onto the truck or as the truck is driving. Overloaded or big-boned dumpsters are just not safe, and firms don't take unsafe loads as a way to safeguard drivers and passengers on the road.
In certain places, dumpster loads must be tarped for security. If your load is too high, it will not have the ability to be tarped so you will need to remove some of the debris before it can be hauled away. This might result in additional fees if it requires you to keep the dumpster for a longer amount of time. Don't forget to maintain your load no higher than the sides of the dumpster, and you will be good.
Picking the top dumpster for your job is an important aspect of dumpster rental in Chico. If you choose a dumpster that's too small, you won't have enough room for your debris and waste, which means you'll have to schedule additional trips. In the event you select one that's too huge, you'll save time, but you'll squander money.
If you call a dumpster rental business in Chico and describe the job for which you want a dumpster, they can advocate the finest size. Their years of experience mean that they generally get it just about right. A 10-yard dumpster generally functions well for moderate-sized clean-up projects and little remodeling jobs. A 20-yard dumpster is the most suitable choice for large dwelling clean-up projects and moderate-sized renovation projects, while a 30-yard dumpster has higher walls that are ideal for a house cleanout or remodeling jobs on a sizable house. 40-yard dumpsters are massively large and are used just on the biggest projects such as new building.
Determined by the size of your endeavor, you may need a little or large dumpster that could hold all of the debris and left over materials.
The most typical dumpsters comprise 10-yard, 20-yard, 30-yard, and 40-yard versions. Should you have a little endeavor, like clearing out a garage or basement, you can likely benefit from a 10-yard or 20-yard dumpster. Should you have a larger endeavor, like an entire remodel or building a brand new house, then you will most likely need a 30-yard or 40-yard dumpster.
A lot of folks decide to rent a larger dumpster than they think they'll need. Although renting a larger dumpster prices more money, it is more affordable than having to an additional dumpster after a little one gets total.
As with any service, it is always a great strategy to reserve your dumpster as far ahead as you possibly can in order to ensure the dumpster will be accessible when you really need it. If you wait until the final minute, there is no promise the organization will probably have the ability to fill your order.
Two or three days notice is generally sufficient to ensure your dumpster delivery on time. Keep in mind the busiest days are usually on Mondays and Fridays (surrounding the weekend), thus if you can organize your mission for the middle of the week, you've a better opportunity of finding the dumpster you will need.
When you rent a roll off dumpster, you will be enticed to throw anything and everything indoors. Common items that people typically dispose of in a dumpster contain solid waste material and most routine home and construction waste, together with tree limbs and landscaping debris. They could also be used for business and commercial cleanouts, home renovations, getting cleared of junk when you are moving to another dwelling, larger landscaping occupations and more.
A list of things you CAn't place in a roll off dumpster contains paints and solvents, automotive fluids, pesticides, chemicals, electronics and batteries. If you attempt to include these items, you'll probably end up with an extra fee. Other items that will certainly incur an additional fee include tires, mattresses and appliances. Additional heavy substances are also not enabled; items that are too hefty may surpass authorities transportation regulations and be unsafe to haul.
Dumpster rental companies that charge flat rates in many cases are the very best alternatives for contractors and home owners. When you utilize a company that charges a flat rate, you can anticipate at least two benefits.
Paying a flat rate usually means that you get to prevent any hidden fees and charges. Firms that usually do not charge flat fees may include additional charges for basic services like dropping off the dumpster. Keep in your mind, nevertheless, that you still may have to pay extra should you want to include particular items and stuff in the dumpster.
When you rent a temporary dumpster, your goal is to fill it up and possess the waste hauled away. But if you'd like your waste recycled, you may have to go about it in a slightly different way. Waste in most temporary dumpsters isn't recycled as the containers are so large and carry so much material.
If you are interested in recycling any waste from your job, check into getting smaller containers. Many dumpster rental firms in Coalinga have a wide variety of containers available, including those for recycling. These are normally smaller than temporary dumpsters; they're the size of routine trash bins and smaller.
If you wish to recycle, learn whether the company you are working with uses single stream recycling (you do not need to sort the substance) or in the event you'll need to organize the recyclable material into various containers (aluminum cans, cardboard, plastics, etc.) This will really make a difference in the number of containers you need to rent.
You can put most kinds of debris into a dumpster rental in Coalinga. There are, however, some exceptions. For instance, you cannot place substances into a dumpster. That includes motor oil, paints, solvents, automotive fluids, pesticides, and cleaning agents. Electronic Equipment and batteries are also prohibited. If something presents an environmental hazard, you probably cannot put it in a dumpster. Contact your rental business if you're unsure.
Certain kinds of satisfactory debris, however, may require additional fees. If you intend to throw away used tires, mattresses, or appliances, you need to ask the rental business whether you need to pay another fee. Adding these to your dumpster may cost anywhere from $25 to $100, depending on the thing.
If you rent a 30 yard dumpster, you'll be receiving a container that can hold 30 cubic yards of waste or debris. Your 30 yard container will measure about 22 feet long by 8 feet wide by 6 feet high. These numbers could change slightly depending on the dumpster rental firm in Coalinga you pick. A 30 yard dumpster will hold between 9 and 15 pickup truck loads of waste, therefore it is a good choice for whole-house residential cleanouts in addition to commercial cleaning projects.
Whether or not you desire a permanent or roll-off dumpster is dependent upon the kind of job and service you will need. Permanent dumpster service is for continuous needs that last more than just a couple of days. This includes matters like day-to-day waste and recycling needs. Temporary service is precisely what the name suggests; a one-time need for project-specific waste removal.
Temporary roll off dumpsters are delivered on a truck and are rolled off where they'll be used. These are generally bigger containers that may handle all the waste that comes with that particular job. Permanent dumpsters are usually smaller containers as they are emptied on a regular basis and so don't need to hold as much at one time.
If you request a long-term dumpster, some companies need at least a one-year service agreement for this dumpster. Roll-off dumpsters just require a rental fee for the time that you just maintain the dumpster on the job.
A roll off dumpster is delivered to your job place and left there until you want a truck to haul it and your debris away. They often have open tops and also a door on the front. That makes it easy for workers to load a wide selection of debris into the dumpster.
While roll off dumpsters are normally left on place, front load dumpsters will come pick up debris on a set schedule. That makes it feasible for sanitation professionals to remove garbage and crap for multiple dwellings and companies in the area at affordable costs.
Although the special rules that regulate what you can and cannot contain in a dumpster change from area to area, there are several kinds of materials that most dumpster rental service in Coalingas WOn't enable. A number of the things that you generally cannot put in the dumpster contain:
Batteries, notably the sort that include mercury Automotive fluids like used motor oil, engine coolants, and transmission fluid Pesticides and herbicides that could pollute groundwater Paints and solvents (they contain oils and other chemicals that may damage the environment) Electronics, especially those that feature batteries There are also some mattresses that you can normally put in your dumpster as long as you are willing to pay an added fee. Included in these are: Appliances Mattresses Tires
When in doubt, it's best to get in touch with your rental company to get a record of stuff that you can not place into the dumpster.
Renting a 40 yard dumpster can get you a container that holds about 40 cubic yards of waste. Dumpster sizes and dimensions aren't totally normal from company to company, but common measurements for a 40 yard container are 22 feet long by 8 feet wide by 8 feet high. This is the largest size that a lot of dumpster firms commonly rent, therefore it is perfect for large residential projects as well as for commercial and industrial use. |
Working with Writers of English as a Second Language. presented by Judith M. Davis, Director Writing Technology Laboratory. Understand how L1 knowledge may affect L2 usage. organization plagiarism word use/idioms grammar, style, and mechanics. English Oriental Russian . Semitic
Organization (adapted from Robert B. Kaplan, “Cultural Thought Patterns in Intercultural Education,” Language Learning 16:15)
Games in the English Language Classroom -. presented by: amy e. lingenfelter senior english language fellow [email protected] www.peopleleap.com. questions to consider before we begin playing. . . . questions to consider. why
Real-time Software Design. Objectives. To explain the concept of a real-time system and why these systems are usually implemented as concurrent processes To describe a design process for real-time systems To explain the role of a real-time operating system
To explain the concept of a real-time system and why these systems are usually implemented as concurrent processes
A real-time system is a software system where the correct functioning of the system depends on the results produced by the system and the time at which these results are produced.
A soft real-time system is a system whose operation is degraded if results are not produced according to the specified timing requirements.
A hard real-time system is a system whose operation is incorrect if results are not produced according to the timing specification.
Because of the need to respond to timing demands made by different stimuli/responses, the system architecture must allow for fast switching between stimulus handlers.
Timing demands of different stimuli are different so a simple sequential loop is not usually adequate.
Real-time systems are therefore usually designed as cooperating processes with a real-time executive controlling these processes.
Collect information from sensors. May buffer information collected in response to a sensor stimulus.
Hard-real time systems may have to programmed in assembly language to ensure that deadlines are met.
Languages such as C allow efficient programs to be written but do not have constructs to support concurrency or shared resource management.
Java supports lightweight concurrency (threads and synchronized methods) and can be used for some soft real-time systems.
Java 2.0 is not suitable for hard RT programming but real-time versions of Java are now available that address problems such as
Design both the hardware and the software associated with system. Partition functions to either hardware or software.
Aggregate the stimulus and response processing into concurrent processes. A process may be associated with each class of stimulus and response.
Design algorithms to process each class of stimulus and response. These must meet the given timing requirements.
Design a scheduling system which will ensure that processes are started in time to meet their deadlines.
May mean that certain design strategies such as object-oriented design cannot be used because of the additional overhead involved.
Real-time operating systems are specialised operating systems which manage the processes in the RTS.
Responsible for the dynamic reconfiguration of the system software and hardware. Hardware modules may be replaced and software upgraded without stopping the systems.
Responsible for detecting software and hardware faults and taking appropriate actions (e.g. switching to backup disks) to ensure that the system continues in operation.
Interrupt level priority. Highest priority which is allocated to processes requiring a very fast response.
Further interrupts are disabled, the interrupt serviced and control returned to the interrupted process.
In most real-time systems, there will be several classes of periodic process, each with different periods (the time between executions), execution times and deadlines (the time by which processing must be completed).
The real-time clock ticks periodically and each tick causes an interrupt which schedules the process manager for periodic processes.
The scheduler chooses the next process to be executed by the processor. This depends on a scheduling strategy which may take the process priority into account.
Once a process has been scheduled for execution, it runs to completion or until it is blocked for some reason (e.g. waiting for I/O).
The execution of an executing processes may be stopped if a higher priority process requires service.
A system is required to monitor sensors on doors and windows to detect the presence of intruders in a building.
When a sensor indicates a break-in, the system switches on lights around the area and calls police automatically.
Design a scheduling system which ensures that processes will always be scheduled to meet their deadlines.
Generated aperiodically by a circuit monitor. When received, the system must switch to backup power within 50 ms.
Stimulus generated by system sensors. Response is to call the police, switch on building lights and the audible alarm.
A burglar alarm system is primarily a monitoring system. It collects data from sensors but no real-time actuator control.
Control systems are similar but, in response to sensor values, the system sends control signals to actuators.
An example of a monitoring and control system is a system that monitors temperature and switches heaters on and off.
The ring buffer is itself implemented as a concurrent process so that the collection and processing processes may be synchronized.
Producer processes collect data and add it to the buffer. Consumer processes take data from the buffer and make elements available.
The buffer must stop producer processes adding information to a full buffer and consumer processes trying to take information from an empty buffer.
Real-time system correctness depends not just on what the system does but also on how fast it reacts.
[Report] Real-Time Marketing: The Agility to Leverage 'Now' by Rebecca Lieb -Digital channels are \'on\' 24/7, a fact that\'s as true for brands as it is for traditional media. organizations struggle to keep up, not to mention remain relevant. all
Software Design -. deriving a solution which satisfies software requirements. stages of design. problem understanding look at the problem from different angles to discover the design requirements. identify one or more
FreeRTOS -. introduction to multitasking in small embedded systems. most embedded real-time applications include a mix of both hard and soft real-time requirements. soft real-time requirements state a time deadline, but breaching the deadline
The Trade Act Program. A general overview Please contact your local TAA Representative for the details!. What is the Trade Act?. A national program based on Federal law Available to trade affected workers anywhere in the United States. What does Trade Act include?. Two Major Components
To collect any TRA, must be accepted by training facility & approved or be on a waiver of training by:
If unable to meet deadlines for being approved & enrolled in training, you must contact your TAA representative and request a Waiver of Training to preserve your TRA potential!!
Apply for training within 210 days of most recent qualifying layoff or certification date, whichever is later
52 week eligibility period starting after your last week of TRA Basic or end of TRA 104 week eligibility period
26 week eligibility period starting after your last week of TRA Additional or end of 52 week eligibility period
If 210 day deadline not met for TRA Additional, the 26 week period starts after last week of TRA Basic or end of 104 week eligibility period
Advance payments on monthly basis to pay for health plan premiums. IRS mails packet of information to set this up.
Call your local TAA Representative for questions about your eligibility to be on the list that is sent to the IRS
Market Development Cooperator Program -. partnering to double exports. market development cooperator program (mdcp). trade associations. chambers of commerce. state trade departments. other non-profits. ita. evaluation criteria 20%
Using the FTZ Program to support Maquilla Operations in 2014 -Using the ftz program to support maquilla operations in 2014. curtis d. spencer, president ims worldwide, inc. what is an ftz?. a foreign-trade zone (or free trade zone) is
Market Development Cooperator Program -. trade associations. chambers of commerce. state trade departments. wtcs, sbdcs, etc. ita . applications due
Trade Act of 2009 -. reauthorization of the trade adjustment assistance program. terri warren dave smith. changes to group eligibility. numbered greater than 70,000. new requirements. group must manufacture a product or supply a service
Rules of Origin under the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA) -. regional training program on enhancing utilization of asean fta, trade negotiation and trade policy development dr. joong-wan cho chief, trade policy section trade and investment
The Trade Leaders™ Investment Program -. over the counter retail foreign currency (forex) trading involves significant risk of loss. it is not suitable for all investors and you should make sure you understand the risks involved before trading
How can trade contribute to growth and jobs? The role of EU trade policy -. signe ratso director directorate general of trade european commission. outline. trade and growth trade and jobs (new studies on factors contribution to trade)
Ch 5: Trade Theory -. lesson outline. defining ib, why ib differs from purely domestic business the volume and importance of trade - globalization and trade, volume & volatility of trade - virtuous, vicious cycles in economic
Trade between and among the classical civilizations -. who did they trade with?. not part of the main silk road, however, active regional trade. who did they trade with?. mediterranean trade ( what). what they traded: animals agricultural
Fur Trade -. grade 5 social. what is the fur trade?. the fur trade was started when the first europeans came to canada. both the first nations and europeans had something that other did not have. what is the fur trade. the first trade was
U.S. Trade and Development Agency Launching a Social Media Program With Limited Resources -. steve lewis u.s. trade and development agency. june 20, 2013. overview. thinking like a marketing consultant developing a communications plan |
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A pocket-sized book filled with inspirational religious thoughts on the theme of hope.Each page has an inspirational thought or idea, along with a related Bible reference for futrther reading and encouragement.
There are people dying with no hope and, perhaps even worse, people living with no hope and yet in the midst of such a seemingly dark and gloomy outlook, there is a ray of light. We can experience life and be optimistic of a bright future and a hopeful tomorrow. It is God s desire that we live life abundantly, but how can we do this?
Updated Edition May 2014 Now with more biblical insight into the diets of today. Are you confused about Paleo, Wheat Belly, and other fad diets of our time? Learn for yourself how simple it can be to open God's Word and read His plan for health. Be renewed, refreshed and reinvigorated as you discover what the Bible says about healthy living. Think of God's Word as a treasure map that leads straight to the healthy life you've always dreamed of. It reveals how you can move from a sickly, lackluster life to one that is full of energy and hope. This practical Bible study will reveal the truth about the foods you eat and provide simple tools to begin improving your physical, emotional, and spiritual health. You won't believe how much your life can change when you grab hold of the treasures God has provided for you. In this Bible study, you will: - Discover the basics of nutrition to build a firm foundation for your health - Obtain the tools you need to evaluate and improve your health - Examine the harmful effects of altered food and household products - Find healthy alternatives to unwholesome foods - Learn how diet, exercise, and your spiritual life go hand-in-hand - Lay the groundwork for a lifetime of positive health "This well organized book is full of good, scriptural tips and sweet stories. I know God will use this book in a mighty way. Rex would have been thrilled with this Bible study." -Judy Russell, wife of the late Dr. Rex Russell; author of What the Bible Says About Healthy Living "Based on a passion to bring glory to God alone, Annette Reeder and Dr. Couey present sound Scriptural truths, coupled with extensive research data. Look forward to being rewarded with life-changing application and treasures which you will eagerly want to embrace and share with others." -Jerry and Bobbye Rankin, International Mission Board, SBC
In our rapidly changing and progressively globalized world, Christians and Muslims are faced with the prospect of directly encountering and responding to people of other faiths and cultures. This has pushed us all to address the vital question of how best to live with, work beside, and love one other as fellow citizens of our planet. Using resources from Christian theologian Wolfhart Pannenberg, Muslim ethicist Abdulaziz Sachedina, and several others, Winkler argues that we must continually dialogue with one another--not only about the beliefs and practices held in common between us, but also about the ways in which we are distinctively different. Only then can we take the opportunity more comprehensively to understand, appreciate, and cooperate with each other to build just, moral, and cohesive communities of hope in our often uncertain and unsettling times. --This book represents the way forward in interreligious dialogue. Its significance can be captured in two quotations. Winkler sums up Pannenberg's estimation of its importance as follows: '. . . interreligious dialogue is not merely missional, it is theologically essential for a truer and more comprehensive understanding of God's character and plans.' Muslim scholar Omid Safi indicates how dialogue engages significant interests: 'I don't want to --tolerate-- my fellow human beings but rather to engage them at the deepest level of what makes us human, through both our phenomenal commonality and our dazzling cultural differences.'-- --Nancey Murphy Professor of Christian Philosophy Fuller Theological Seminary --One of the greatest challenges of our day is how committed Muslims and Christians can live together harmoniously with increased contact through migration and burgeoning Muslim birth rates while conflicts are exacerbated by sensationalist media coverage of terrorism and wars. Though recognizing the problems, Lewis Winkler has discerned enough harmony in the views of a significant thinker from each community to suggest a potential bridge for cordial interaction for the rest of us over the troubled political and religious waters that engulf the globe we share.-- --J. Dudley Woodberry Dean Emeritus and Senior Professor of Islamic Studies Fuller Theological Seminary Lewis E. Winkler is a Lecturer in Theology, Church History, and Ethics at East Asia School of Theology in Singapore.
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Fair Lane, Ridgely, MD 21660 (MLS# 1000079641) is a Lots/Land property with a lot size of 4.46 acres. Fair Lane is currently listed for $65,000 and was received on June 28, 2017. Want to learn more about Fair Lane? Do you have questions about finding other Lots/Land real estate for sale in Ridgely? You can browse all Ridgely real estate or contact a Coldwell Banker agent to request more information. |
Are you looking to outsource your Amazon FBA Prep services? How would you choose a good outsourcing service for the purpose? We present a few tips and guidelines that would help you opt for the best service provider in terms of Amazon FBA Prep services.
Well, a prep center is what helps you in arranging your online arbitrage and wholesale orders. One of the best techniques while you look for the best FBA Prep services is pay attention to a few aspects and ensure they meet your needs.
The exact location of your prep center will have a greater saying on the functionality of your orders. The location of the prep center will have a greater bearing on the shipping fees and other taxes.
It would help you save money on the trucking and other essential costing elements. Having the prep center near the warehouse will have a better option in terms of saving enough on sales tax and inbound transportation costs.
This is yet another aspect you need to give a thought to. Ensure that you are checking your products before finalising the FBA prep center. Items like used books, glass, vegetables and similar items will need extra processing and accordingly attract higher prices.
You will also need to check out if the service any signup or joining fees. Prep centres charge extra for supplies like poly bags, bubble wraps and other extra items. You may also need find more details about the storage fees and any minimum order quantity.
This should be one of the major aspects you need to take care of if you really want to see your business as the Amazon seller boom. Check how fast the prep service can prepare your inventory.
A standard turnaround time should not be more than 48 hours. Most of the prep services like Leeline Sourcing are upfront in their approach when it comes to offering the best processing time. If this information is provided as part of the contract, make sure you ask for it. You would definitely not want to find frequent late deliveries of your shipments.
If your FBA prep service indulges in proper inspection procedures, which would indeed be an added advantage. Of course, your supplier has to perform the pre shipment inspection, but the prep service inspection will help you supplement it with an assurance.
In fact, manufacturers tend not to take in house inspection too seriously. That would make your Prep service inspection all the more important.
Well, that was how you would choose a FBA Prep service for your needs. Outsourcing your FBA Prep services is the right way to make your business run smoothly. But, how you choose and what you choose is important for an efficient plan. Opting for a Prep service that isn’t worth the efforts you are putting into it can indeed ruin your prospects.
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Case Tracker leads to better informed clients and less interruptions for fee earners. Fee earners can set case tracker up to automatically share information securely online about case progress and milestones reached. Clients can view this information at a time that is convenient to them, at any time, wherever they are. It provides lawyers with an extra vehicle for improving communication with their clients whilst enabling better use of limited fee earning time.
Instead of relying on the traditional methods of communications, such as outbound calls from fee earners to update clients and inbound calls from clients looking for progress updates as well as emails, texts and letters, firms using LAWFUSION something extra. With the smart-phone positioned firmly at the hub of today’s society law firms are finding more and more clients are demanding online communication.
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Chrissy Teigen is the latest celeb to be initiated into the (unofficial) bob brigade. The SELF cover star just took several inches off of her long locks, and she looks cuter than ever. Teigen took to Instagram to show off her updated look, and instead of just posting a picture, she opted to share an action-filled video. In the short and funny clip you can see the expectant mother shaking her hips back and forth, while also giving us a glamorous little hair flip.
"New cut!!" Chrissy excitedly announced in the caption. She also revealed which ladies inspired her fresh hairdo. "Asked for the khloe-rosie, side of chrissy khlosey," Teigen wrote referencing Khloé Kardashian and Rosie Huntington-Whiteley.
"I like to call it the fashion lob because it’s still so chic," Jen Atkin explained to SELF. Atkin is the hairstylist who worked her magic on Kardashian and Huntington-Whiteley's textured tresses, and now Teigen's updated mane. The hair expert assures that getting the big chop doesn't have to be frightening. "I think a lot of girls are scared of going short because they think they will look dowdy, but a length that hits right around the collarbones still feels trendy without a major lack of length."
"I would suggest telling your stylist that you want a cut with lots of movement and versatility," Atkin, who is also the founder of Ouai Haircare, suggests. "This way you don’t get locked into a cut that can only be styled one way." So, tell your stylist to give you minimal layers, lots of texture throughout the bottom, and keep a heavy weight line.
If you already have a similar cut you can achieve Teigen's tousled look with the help of a few products. For maximum volume the expectant mother keeps Tresemme's Beauty-Full collection in her shower. "I always prep the hair with OUAI Wave Spray ($26; sephora.com) throughout—whether it’s wet or dry—and OUAI Soft Mousse ($28; theouai.com) at the roots for texture," Atkin reveals. And the trick to those effortless waves: Create a loose bend with a curling iron midway down each strand and be sure to leave the ends straight.
This isn't Teigen's first time working with Atkin. Back in 2014 the two joined forces as the Sports Illustrated model chopped her honey-blonde tresses. But it doesn't matter if Teigen's hair is long or short, it's clear to see that she's going to be one very hot mama. |
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The departure of Mawarire from South Africa to the United States and not back to Zimbabwe has left some citizens feeling betrayed and used. However I fail to understand why these citizens are so surprised, when Evan himself had repeatedly said (and it is repeated in the video below) that each person must decide for themselves…
Social-Media the Disruptive Innovation in Zimbabwe It’s not that ZANU cannot see change coming, it is evidently visible to them, the problem is that they, as an organisation with the leadership they have, are unable to unlearn the practices, they have cultivated over the past 35 years. Now for the really bad news… For ZANU,…
It will be a matchup of contrasting strengths when the Westerville North High School girls volleyball team faces Thomas Worthington in a Division I district semifinal at 7:30 p.m. today at Licking Heights.
The fifth-seeded Cardinals, who won a district title last year and are 19-5 overall, have two of the area's top outside hitters in seniors Monica Lanno and Abby Swihart.
The Warriors are the district's seventh seed and have two of the area's most imposing middle hitters in seniors Natalie Longardner and Caitlin Kusan.
It's the second time in three seasons in a district semifinal for North, which has won six in a row and also is 19-5.
"We match up very well against (Thomas)," coach Aaron Hastings said. "Our middle hitting is our strong suit. They have two outside attackers that are very good, so if we can block them, we'll be in good shape."
North had little trouble in beating Columbus West (25-11, 25-10, 25-11 on Oct. 20) and Westland (25-10, 25-13, 25-18 last Saturday) during the first two rounds of the district tournament.
Still, Hastings believes his team must be sharper if it's to make it to a district final for the first time since winning a district title in 2003.
The winner will face second-seeded Pickerington North or Central Crossing in a district final Saturday. The Warriors didn't play the Panthers this season but beat the Comets 25-18, 25-18, 25-11 on Sept. 25.
"We played pretty well (in our first two tournament wins)," Hastings said. "We haven't seen any teams yet that have threatened us, but we played pretty consistently. We're looking at cutting down on our errors in serving and serve-receive. Right now, we need to be more disciplined.
"I think we've really come together a lot better this season, and they all get along for the most part. They're able to focus on what we need to work on. We're hitting the ball very well right now and I think our defense is going to continue to be strong."
�Central also won its first two tournament matches, including beating Gahanna 25-21, 25-20, 25-12 in the second round last Saturday. That victory avenged the Warhawks' loss to the Lions in a district semifinal last season.
Central, the 12th seed, played 10th-seeded Newark in a district semifinal last Tuesday. If the Warhawks won that match, they likely will face top-seeded Dublin Coffman in a district final Saturday at Licking Heights.
"We won in three games over Gahanna, which ended our season last year," coach Shaun Servick said. "Our girls realized that they needed to do it for the girls on last year's team. It was pretty satisfying to get that win. Gahanna did a good job of blocking and taking away our offensive ability. The biggest strength was our serve and our serve-receive."
Servick credited the play of Adrienne Agee, Trisha Clark and Megan Mills as being among those who helped lead his team to its third consecutive district semifinal.
The Warhawks last made it to a district final in 2005 when they lost to Westerville South 27-25, 25-17, 25-13.
"We didn't get a ton of blocks, but we took away (Gahanna's) hitting avenues," Servick said. "It's exciting to make it to a district semifinal for the third consecutive season, especially after we lost the last two times we were there in five games."
Below are the recent results and coming schedules for the Westerville Central, North and South girls volleyball teams:
Of note: The Warhawks were 16-8 overall before last Tuesday and finished second at 12-2 in the OCC-Cardinal Division behind Liberty (13-1) and ahead of Westerville North (11-3), Olentangy (7-7), Dublin Scioto (5-9), Jerome (3-11), Marysville (3-11) and Westerville South (2-12).
Oct. 20 - Def. Columbus West 25-11, 25-10, 25-11 in first round of Division I tournament at Big Walnut
Today - Fifth-seeded Thomas Worthington at Licking Heights (7:30 p.m.). Winner plays at 3 p.m. Saturday at Licking Heights vs. second-seeded Pickerington North or Central Crossing in district final. North is the seventh seed. Winner plays Nov. 4 (6 p.m.) at Davidson vs. Centerville or Cincinnati Mount Notre Dame in regional semifinal. |
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I've mentioned a couple of times about the island not far from my house, in this post, and this one. There's actually a story behind the abandoned building on this island that we were curious about since moving here, so now that we know it, I thought I would share it.
Basically, we first spotted this island when looking out the window at the Seaside Drive-in in Onna, just down the road from our house. We were always wondering what the building was for, whether anyone lived there, etc. So recently a Japanese friend told me the story. Years ago, the owners of the Seaside Drive-In decided to open a restaurant on the island, accessible by boat. They went about building the restaurant on the island, completed the building, and then only after this fact, decided to seek approval from the local authorities to get the electricity and other utilities hooked up. They were denied. So the building was never used, the restaurant never opened. In good news, it has awesome snorkelling surrounding it, and it's where I found Nemo just last week!
The photos below are courtesy of Helen and our visiting friends Jazz and Ty, who ventured over to the island to climb in to the abandoned building and get some photos.
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I am becoming an open cross dresser . Today I sat at my favourite coffee shop playing my guitar in a skirt . I’m truly happy when I’m publicly dressing . I’ve spent the majority of the last two weeks wearing woman’s clothing . It’s been a truely beautiful experience and now plan to get my nails done monthly . A girly day of hair , nails and lingerie .
I love my life .. I wrote this months ago and am feeling so much more balanced .. I even met a guy .
The flounder reports have been flying in all afternoon. The reefs are definitely producing the most flounder. And remember if you're not getting snagged you not in the hotspot. These fish are lying right up against the structure use your engine your chart plotter and your bottom machine and get your bait/GULP! as close to the structure while trying to not get hung up.
It may be hot as hell rite now but those chilly mornings are just around the corner so stop in today and get your camo SIB&T sweat shirt and check out are selection of long sleeve T-Shirts also.
A delivery of new shirts just came in. Check out this new design which features a tog and a Seabass. Along with a blue fish flounder and striped bass
We just received another shipment of the 30oz Calcutta ramblers. The ramblers have been one of the hottest selling products in the store the summer. So come and get yours now.
A customer did so well flounder fishing the other day he even dropped of some for the tackle shop guy. So my wife made some Fried flounder sandwich sliders. Needless to say I had about 6 of those little baby's... Fresh fish fresh tomato fresh corn all from the great state of New Jersey you can't beat that
Great Flounder reports keep coming in from the ocean around the artificial reefs and the weather this weekend is looking good.
Yesterday, Kevin and his crew caught this 9.5 Mahi as well as several flounder. The flounder fishing in the ocean is really getting good with many reports of keepers from OC, TI and WW reefs.
I did not get a chance to put this up the other day but Captain Joe Hughes and crew brought in another Big Cobia. This one was 43 pounds.
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GANADO EXPRESS (2013/10421grt/5488grt/IMO 9621209. Ex-GEBRAY EXPRESS) - arriving in Auckland from Panjang, Indonesia for a 6-hour stop-over to take on bunkers. She departed in the early hours for Napier to load livestock for SE Asian. She is owned and managed by Livestock Express BV of The Netherlands. |
We've known about the Rising Star Cave, and that there was something important there, for some time now, so it's no real surprise that palaeoanthropologists have announced this find. In fact, I first wrote about it in November 2014.
What is perhaps surprising is that they've classified these remains as members of our Homo genus rather than members of the Australopithecus genus, because this would be the first archaic hominid from outside East Africa, where it was generally assumed Homo had evolved from Australopithecines such as A. afarensis. But, it ties in quite nicely with the alternative theory that true hominids evolved further south possibly from A. sediba.
This find is stunning not only because of the number of individuals found in the cave but because of their condition. To find so many in one place is almost unprecedented and on a par with the much later Atapuerca site in Spain, which is still yielding up its secrets.
So, the big question now is just where these new hominids, if indeed they are hominids (i.e. true members of the Homo genus), fit on our branch of the hominin family tree. Are they our direct ancestors or are they a sister species - a side branch on our particular branch?
But remember these distinctions, especially when dealing with diverging species over time, are essentially artificial anyway. It is entirely biologically possible that Australopithecines gave rise to two or more descendant species that were capable of interbreeding if and when their respective ranges overlapped. Our branch could have arisen from a hybrid, for example between H. naledi and A. afarensis or A. sediba. There is no reason why these diverging species need have complied with our artificial classification systems, especially since we do not know how their genomes were arranged.
The fact that H. sapiens, H. neanderthalensis and the Denisovans, and possibly H. antecessor, H. heidelbergensis and H. erectus may have interbred in what was essentially a ring species in Euro-Asia means it is also possible that these diverging species could have done the same in South and East Africa.
What will be fun now is watching how creationists cope with this news. Obviously they can't simply accept the evidence and throw in the towel because too many incomes depend on selling creationism to those who don't feel important enough unless they believe the supposed creator of the Universe did it all for them and holds them in specially high regard. Ken Ham has already rolled out his stock response that no matter how much the facts seem to refute the Bible, they have to be dismissed because refuting the Bible proves the facts are wrong, not the Bible.
... we can say with confidence that this discovery changes nothing about our understanding of human history. You see, the only eyewitness account of human origins is the one provided by God our Creator in the Bible’s book of Genesis. No scientist witnessed the origin of man, and evolutionary scientists only believe there were intermediate evolutionary links between an ape-like ancestor and man because they have disregarded God’s Word and substituted their own fallible opinions in its place.
God told us He created two humans as well as all the kinds of land animals — and that includes apes — on the same day. That means that there could be no evolution involved. Whatever species these bones represent — and we will be publishing a more complete report on the discovery and the claims being made about it soon [can't wait Ken!] — we know that they cannot be any sort of intermediate between apes and humans. The only way to find an ape-man — or a “bridge” between apes and humans — is to misinterpret fossils of either an ape or a human as something in between. But all humans — even varieties of humans that we no longer have with us — were all descended from the first two people God made. So are we. And all apes, even extinct varieties, are all descendants of the kinds of apes God made in the beginning. Scientific observation reveals that all living things, including apes and humans, only vary and reproduce within their created kinds, never evolving into new kinds. This scientific observation affirms what God decreed in the beginning, as recorded in Genesis 1, that all would reproduce after their kinds.
So there we are. The facts contradict Ham's evidence-free superstition, so the facts are wrong. Ham, like so many creationists, feels he can determine scientific facts by fiat. If he agrees, they are real; if he doesn't, they aren't. It's as simple as that. No other evidence is required. And he's decreed an old book to be infallible by the same process so he can wave it as his evidence. This only works for Ham's favourite old book, mind you so don't go trying it out with any others - Ham's decreed that to be so too.
Other versions of creationists will no doubt be working on their dismissals of this find as I write, if they haven't done so already, or don't yet have Ken Ham's utility response already prepared. A certain Dr. Hugh Ross (an Old Earth Creationist with a PhD in astrophysics but no training in biology) has already gone on record as declaring that only Homo sapiens sapiens are real humans so anything else is an ape and not covered by what the Bible says God made from dirt and spare ribs, hence all archaic hominids can be waved aside and fitted into the creationist narrative by defining them as 'not human' in advance of their discovery. Hardly any point in looking for them really!
And Hugh Ross's colleague, Fazale Rana, a biochemist and devout Christian, again with no formal qualification in biology (No creationists! Biochemistry is not the same as biology!), has already given his considered opinion on Twitter (Yawn!).
Kudos to the person who can find the most idiotic dismissal of the Rising Star Cave find by a creationist (excluding Ken Ham's effort, to give others a chance). Candidates below, please.
Listened to NPR's Science Friday and got a thankfully detailed story concerning this discovery. All the other usual news sources I generally follow barely mentioned anything about the find. I do hope they can extract some DNA remnants from the fossils, although one of the people on the show said that could be difficult since, naturally, the caves are hot and wet.
Kudos to the person who can find the most idiotic dismissal of the Rising Star Cave find by a creationist...
I'm sure one or two of my coworkers will mention something about this all being a Satanic-inspired hoax.
Rose Miller, an experienced home manager and organizer, helps get your life in order by organizing homes, parties and the everyday tasks you just can’t seem to get to!
i fake being organized all the time too, & I rellay want to be organized, with all my heart too, but TIME, not enough time… and then I look back & see how what I just cleaned & organized is a mess again… ohhhh, i admire people who are organized by nature. :)Have a great week! Des, Mano y Metal |
Well, finally, I feel that I am making an honest floozy of myself! I took part in a 14 Secrets ATC swap. On one of my offerings called "Good Day Sunshine" I used buttons!!!! I thought the flower button matched the lady's "hat" perfectly! Now I feel like a real floozy! I like that feeling...so, off I go to search my button box for another swap!
Today the CraftGossip blog has a posting with some button-related links. I had a look at them all and especially love Shunklie's etsy shop. She's got some adorable ladybug buttons!
Oh my button friends, check out Rebecca Sower's blog post about buttons and see what she has done with Handmade from Home....
The little button nest for this bird. The bird was embroidered on felt and appliqued to the piece of needlework.
This is the entire piece and it's called "The Rose." I did it for my mother who nurtured and loved roses all her life. The beautiful embroidered rose is an antique applique given to me by a friend. I painted the button by the picture of my mother. She was 16 at the time and now just turned 93.
A Christmas ornament made to hang on a tree, that is decorated with buttons. The buttons do not necessarily need to be the only decoration element of the ornament -- but it should be a main or special element of the decoration. Your ornament should be handmade.
It is a quick turnaround, I realize; please be sure you can adhere to the deadline before committing!
A NOTE ABOUT INTERNATIONAL SWAPPING: Because it is a quick turnaround, I'll be matching you up with partners on your own continent; that should cut down on postage costs for everyone and also shipping time! If you would prefer to ship internationally, please send me an email and if we have enough people who want to do it, I'll put a group together from different continents.
You sign up for the swap by emailing me your name, address, and blog address if you have one. Send the email to: [email protected] Please note: Even in you know I already have your email and other info -- please send me a separate email, anyway. I often have more than 30 people who participate in these swaps and so it's much easier for me to organize if I have all the info "in one place" -- I simply tag the email "SWAP" when I receive it and then filter all the swap emails when it's time to make the list. Thank you!!
After you email me the above information, comment on this post that you have; this step is so that I can contact you if Blogger plays tricks on me with emails, as they have been known to do in the past! I just don't want anyone to miss out.
Once you've signed up, you can begin making your 5 ornaments right away! You don't need to wait for your group to get started.
I will randomly place people into groups of 5: on October 29 I will email you each the names and addresses of the swappers in your group. Please note: with groups this size, it's not easy for me to keep track of who has already swapped with whom...so...if you end up in a "repeat" group and you don't want to be...please email me IMMEDIATELY and I will try to switch things around without too much inconvenience.
Take a photo of your creations, then send one of your ornaments to each of the other 4 members in your group; be sure to have them in the mail by Monday, November 19, 2012.
Once all the members of your group have received your swap, post your photos on the blog and/or on our Button Floozies Swap page on Flickr so we can all enjoy them!
My partner, Tamra, and I have sent and received our tins in the Fall in Love with Buttons 2012 Swap! Here's the one she made for me:
Isn't it lovely? She decoupaged it in Fall shades of green and brown -- and just LOOK at the gorgeous selection of buttons she sent!
and the bottom; she used buttons for feet! Tamra also gifted me that hand made barrette made of buttons! How sweet is that? I don't have any button barrettes, so it is really special!
Here's the tin I made for Tamra. I used fall themed papers, ribbons, and a bit of lace. She said she liked vintage, like me, so I decorated the top with lace, vintage millinery flower pieces, and a very pretty old button.
Here's how I did the inside: very simple with papers and felt leaves. Sitting next to it is a card of vintage orange buttons I included, tied to a Fall-themed tag.
I have been hording buttons since a teenager. I finally decided to use some of my precious stash and make this bracelet. You can easily make your own. I purchased a charm bracelet and attached the buttons with jump rings. I added some silver metal buttons and some glass and rhinestone buttons to jazz it up a bit. I wore it to a friend's wedding this weekend passed. I felt like a gypsy in my bangley and jingly bracelet! I hope you love it as much as I do! Enjoy!
"They are very heavy. The material almost looks like black onyx with faceted edges that are set in a heavy gold type metal. The edges are robbed like the sides of a quarter. They are " engraved " on the back side with "J. Brody". I've never seen anything like them. When I googled all I could find was a J.Brody vintage shirt maker."
Perhaps one or more of you button experts might have more information that I can share with her about them. Thanks!
You can find me at Brynwood Needleworks to see what's going on in my studio these days. I always look forward to visitors.
Maggie participated in our Fall in Love with Buttons 2012 Swap, and has completed her exchange with her lucky partner. Plus, she sent me a special hostess gift, too! I wanted to show you on the blog because I KNOW those of you who are still working on your swap (like me!) will be very inspired!
As you can see, she decorated her Altoids tin with felt and Fall themed buttons; then wrapped it all up in that colorful Fall fabric and tied it with orange and yellow rick rack! It was such a fun little bundle to open!
Here you can see that Maggie also decorated the inner lid with leafy paper, and filled the tin with some button gifts! I love all the leafy motifs and the fall palette, but am especially enamored by the vintage ones, like the row of antique glass buttons still carded that she included!
For those participating, don't forget that the Fall in Love with Button Swap 2012 tins are due in the mail no later than this Friday, October 19! We have 36 participants and will be showing as many of the tins as possible on this blog and on our Flickr page, too, so please be sure to check back!
The Official Button Lover's Group on Facebook is a public Group that any button enthusiast can join and is a place for people to ask questions, post their buttons, a button destash per month, and an all around super friendly atmosphere. It is a new group, I myself am not the founder of it, only a member but I started up the Canadian Travelling Button Box and thought we could get some more people to send the box around to through the Button Floozies :)
Doesn't that Traveling Button Box sound like fun? If someone from Button Floozies signs up -- especially Canadians -- and gives it a try, please let us know how it goes for you!
Please come visit me on my other blog, Indulge Your Shelf, to see another beautiful use of buttons in art! |