Datasets:

tasksource
/

ScienceQA_text_only

Dataset card Data Studio Files Files and versions Community

Split (3)

train · 6.51k rows

question stringlengths 15 862	choices sequence	answer int8 0 3	hint stringlengths 0 815	task stringclasses 3 values	grade stringclasses 12 values	subject stringclasses 3 values	topic stringclasses 25 values	category stringlengths 5 35	skill stringlengths 8 100	lecture stringlengths 0 3.08k	solution stringlengths 0 1.36k
Complete the sentence so that it uses personification. The meadow grasses () in the light breeze of a summer evening.	[ "waltzed", "moved" ]	0		closed choice	grade8	language science	writing-strategies	Creative techniques	Use personification	Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point. The trees danced in the wind. The word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.	Complete the sentence with the word waltzed. It describes the grasses as if they were people who were dancing.
Would you find the word partner on a dictionary page with the following guide words? plastic - prance	[ "no", "yes" ]	0		yes or no	grade7	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since partner is not between the guide words plastic - prance, it would not be found on that page.
What information supports the conclusion that Beth acquired this trait?	[ "When Beth was young, her grandmother taught her how to cut chili peppers.", "Beth learned how to make chili from a recipe book.", "Beth's friends like to make chili with her." ]	1	Read the description of a trait. Beth knows how to make chili.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? Brad lives in a city that is often covered by thick stratus clouds.	[ "climate", "weather" ]	0	Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	earth-science	Weather and climate	What's the difference between weather and climate?	The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.	Read the text carefully. Brad lives in a city that is often covered by thick stratus clouds. This passage tells you about the usual clouds where Brad lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.
Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? same - shriek	[ "sudden", "scythe" ]	1		closed choice	grade6	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since scythe is between the guide words same - shriek, it would be found on that page.
Which figure of speech is used in this text? Josiah remarked that the new book on anti-gravity was impossible to put down.	[ "pun", "alliteration" ]	0		closed choice	grade9	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Classify figures of speech: review	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. Alliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words. What a lucky little lady you are! An allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature. "I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked. An idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned. The assignment was a piece of cake. A simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike. The cat's fur was as dark as the night. A metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as. The snow formed a blanket over the town. Onomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound. The scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat. Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. The trees danced in the wind. A pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning. A great new broom is sweeping the nation. Verbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic. Olivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down. Each breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.	The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning. Impossible to put down means that the book is so good that it is hard to stop reading. The phrase impossible to put down is also a joke about anti-gravity: if gravity pulls things down, perhaps anti-gravity does the opposite and makes them impossible to put down.
Which text uses the word factoid in its traditional sense?	[ "The Brookfield Daily Mail was forced to issue a retraction after printing a factoid about Brookfield's founder. It turned out that the reporter had written the article based on local legend rather than researching the actual history.", "A reporter for the Brookfield Daily Mail dug up an amusing factoid about Brookfield's founder while researching for an article about the town's early years." ]	0		closed choice	grade11	language science	writing-strategies	Word usage and nuance	Explore words with new or contested usages	Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner. When a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences. Britney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam. The traditional usage above is considered more standard. David perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages. The nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.	The second text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact. The Brookfield Daily Mail was forced to issue a retraction after printing a factoid about Brookfield's founder. It turned out that the reporter had written the article based on local legend rather than researching the actual history. The first text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact. A reporter for the Brookfield Daily Mail dug up an amusing factoid about Brookfield's founder while researching for an article about the town's early years. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.
Franklin starts to pull the wagon across the yard. To move the wagon at the same speed each time, which friend does Franklin need to pull with a larger force?	[ "a friend who weighs 21 pounds", "a friend who weighs 35 pounds" ]	1	Franklin gives two friends a ride in his wagon. One friend sits in the wagon at a time.	closed choice	grade2	natural science	physics	Force and motion	How do mass and force affect motion?	A force is a push or a pull. A force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction. Forces can be different sizes. Think about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.	Look for the friend who is heavier. A friend who weighs 35 pounds is heavier than a friend who weighs 21 pounds. So, to move the wagon at the same speed each time, Franklin needs to use a larger force to start moving the wagon with a friend who weighs 35 pounds.
Is the following trait inherited or acquired? Ellie has naturally curly hair.	[ "acquired", "inherited" ]	1	Hint: Some humans are born with naturally curly hair. Others are born with naturally straight hair.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	biology	Heredity	Identify inherited and acquired traits	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.	Human hair can be naturally curly or naturally straight. Curly and straight are examples of hair texture. Some people decide to change how their hair looks. But this doesn't affect the natural texture of their hair. So, having naturally curly hair is an inherited trait.
Suppose Ayana decides to join the Theater Club. Which result would be a cost?	[ "Ayana will save some time. She would have spent more time in the Photography Club than in the Theater Club.", "Ayana will give up the chance to be in the Photography Club. She would have had more fun in the Photography Club than in the Theater Club." ]	1	Ayana is deciding whether to join the Photography Club or the Theater Club at school. She wants the club she joins to be fun. But she doesn't want it to take up too much time.	closed choice	grade5	social science	economics	Basic economic principles	Costs and benefits	Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits. Costs are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need. Benefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.	This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Ayana wants or needs: Ayana will give up the chance to be in the Photography Club. She would have had more fun in the Photography Club than in the Theater Club.
Which type of sentence is this? Dan always approaches difficult tasks enthusiastically, and he frequently motivates others with his energy and fervor.	[ "simple", "compound-complex", "compound", "complex" ]	2		closed choice	grade12	language science	grammar	Phrases and clauses	Is the sentence simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex?	A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate. An independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence. the oranges on our tree are ripe The clause can stand alone. It is independent. after we pick up Kevin from work The clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent. A simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause. Ben and I spent all day relaxing by the pool. Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate. In the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat. Ben usually wears his heavy coat in the winter. A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so. We saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder. A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose. If she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. During his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome. A compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. After Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym. Sometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause. Orcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.	The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and. Dan always approaches difficult tasks enthusiastically, and he frequently motivates others with his energy and fervor.
Suppose Albert decides to borrow the book from the library. Which result would be a cost?	[ "Albert will give up the chance to keep the book as long as he wants.", "Albert will save some money by not buying the book." ]	0	Albert is deciding whether to buy a copy of a book or borrow it from the library. He would like to be able to keep the book as long as he wants, but buying the book would cost money. He could borrow the book for free, but he would have to return it in a few weeks.	closed choice	grade4	social science	economics	Basic economic principles	Costs and benefits	Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits. Costs are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need. Benefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.	This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Albert wants or needs: Albert will give up the chance to keep the book as long as he wants.
Which sentence states a fact?	[ "Bubble gum was first made in 1928.", "Chewing bubble gum in class is not polite." ]	0		closed choice	grade3	language science	writing-strategies	Opinion writing	Distinguish facts from opinions	A fact is something that can be proved to be true. The month of July has more days than the month of June. This is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month. An opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true. July is a better month than June for camping. This is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is "better" for camping.	The second sentence states a fact. Bubble gum was first made in 1928. It can be proved by looking up the history of bubble gum. The first sentence states an opinion. Chewing bubble gum in class is not polite. Not polite shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what is polite.
Select the vertebrate.	[ "black widow spider", "crystal jellyfish", "hippopotamus", "bull ant" ]	2	Hint: Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are vertebrates.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Classification	Identify vertebrates and invertebrates	Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals. A vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange. An invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.	A bull ant is an insect. Like other insects, a bull ant is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. Like other jellyfishes, a crystal jellyfish is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body. Like other spiders, a black widow spider is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. A hippopotamus is a mammal. Like other mammals, a hippopotamus is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.
Which closing is correct for a letter?	[ "Many Thanks,\nHenry", "Many thanks,\nHenry" ]	1		closed choice	grade4	language science	punctuation	Formatting	Greetings and closings of letters	A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue. Dear Aunt Sue, I'm glad you could come to my party, and thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have asked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think of you. With love, Rory	The second closing is correct: Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.
Which phrase has a more negative connotation?	[ "to use something", "to exploit something" ]	1		closed choice	grade6	language science	vocabulary	Shades of meaning	Positive and negative connotation	Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations. For example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations. Eager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited. Impatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.	To exploit something has a more negative connotation. Exploit and use both denote using something. However, exploit suggests selfish use.
Would you find the word different on a dictionary page with the following guide words? demand - drink	[ "yes", "no" ]	0		yes or no	grade7	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since different is between the guide words demand - drink, it would be found on that page.
Which figure of speech is used in this text? This is gonna ruin my whole day. —Grace in Avatar, after being shot	[ "understatement", "chiasmus" ]	0		closed choice	grade11	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Classify the figure of speech: anaphora, antithesis, apostrophe, assonance, chiasmus, understatement	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. Anaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses. We are united. We are powerful. We are winners. Antithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure. I want to help, not to hurt. Apostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity. Oh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully? Assonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words. Try to light the fire. Chiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words. Never let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you. Understatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is. As you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.	The text uses understatement, which involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is. Ruin my whole day is an understatement, since the speaker has just been gravely injured.
Which logical fallacy is used in the text? How do I know that Edna is the most intelligent person in our geometry class? I know because she's so smart.	[ "red herring: the use of a completely unrelated topic or idea", "circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" ]	1		closed choice	grade7	language science	writing-strategies	Developing and supporting arguments	Classify logical fallacies	A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions. A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information: Fallacy \| Description ad hominem \| a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent appeal to nature \| an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice bandwagon fallacy \| an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice circular reasoning \| an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself guilt by association \| an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something red herring \| the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand: Fallacy \| Description false causation \| the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other false dichotomy \| an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist hasty generalization \| a very broad claim based on very little evidence straw man \| a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against	The text argues that Edna is intelligent because she's smart. However, the "evidence" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.
Is the following trait inherited or acquired? Sadie is good at knitting scarves.	[ "acquired", "inherited" ]	0	Hint: People who can knit had to learn how to do it.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	biology	Traits and heredity	Identify inherited and acquired traits	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.	People are not born knowing how to knit. Instead, many people learn how to knit. Knitting well takes practice. So, knitting well is an acquired trait.
What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below? Tucker's research on nineteenth-century philosophers led him down the rabbit hole.	[ "literature", "the Bible" ]	0		closed choice	grade10	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Recall the source of an allusion	An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words. "I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked. Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.	The source of the allusion down the rabbit hole is literature. Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland tells the story of a young girl who follows a white rabbit down a rabbit hole and finds herself in a series of adventures in a surreal world. The allusion down the rabbit hole means on a strange or difficult exploration.
Which sentence is more formal?	[ "Dana didn't enter student politics until her junior year.", "Dana did not enter student politics until her junior year." ]	1		closed choice	grade6	language science	writing-strategies	Author's purpose and tone	Which sentence is more formal?	Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing: Type \| Examples slang \| cool, awesome idioms \| knock your socks off conversational language \| gonna, kinda, yeah abbreviated language \| ASAP, FYI overly simple or imprecise language \| he got some stuff at the store contractions \| can't, won't Contractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing. Compare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal. Informal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners. Formal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.	The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses a contraction (didn't). The second sentence does not use a contraction, so it is more formal.
What is the mass of a full box of cereal?	[ "480 grams", "480 kilograms" ]	0	Select the better estimate.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose metric units of mass	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Mass is a measurement of how much matter something contains. There are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms. There are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram. A paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.	The better estimate for the mass of a full box of cereal is 480 grams. 480 kilograms is too heavy.
Which type of sentence is this? Zachary always approaches difficult tasks enthusiastically, and he frequently motivates others with his energy and fervor.	[ "compound-complex", "compound", "simple", "complex" ]	1		closed choice	grade10	language science	grammar	Phrases and clauses	Is the sentence simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex?	A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate. An independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence. the oranges on our tree are ripe The clause can stand alone. It is independent. after we pick up Kevin from work The clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent. A simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause. Ben and I spent all day relaxing by the pool. Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate. In the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat. Ben usually wears his heavy coat in the winter. A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so. We saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder. A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose. If she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. During his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome. A compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. After Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym. Sometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause. Orcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.	The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and. Zachary always approaches difficult tasks enthusiastically, and he frequently motivates others with his energy and fervor.
Using only these supplies, which question can Garrett investigate with an experiment?	[ "Do cloth towels dry faster if they are hung in the laundry room or in the backyard?", "When hung in the laundry room, do black cloth towels or white cloth towels dry more quickly?", "Does a small cloth towel or a large cloth towel dry faster when hung in the backyard?" ]	0	After Garrett cleans up a spill, he hangs a wet cloth towel in the laundry room. Two hours later, he notices that the towel has partially dried. He wonders what factors affect how cloth dries. So, he decides to design an experiment. He has the following supplies available: two identical white cloth towels water a clothesline in the laundry room a clothesline in the backyard	closed choice	grade7	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Designing experiments	Identify questions that can be investigated with a set of materials	Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment. Imagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment? First, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available. Next, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick. So, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!
What kind of sentence is this? Brittany put a bandage on my cut.	[ "interrogative", "declarative" ]	1		closed choice	grade4	language science	punctuation	Sentences, fragments, and run-ons	Is the sentence declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory?	There are four kinds of sentences. A declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period. I have an older brother and a younger sister. An interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark. How tall are you? An imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point. Read the first chapter by next week. Look out for that car! An exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point. Some whales are over ninety feet long! I can't wait until tomorrow!	The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.
Which statement describes the shopping cart's motion?	[ "The shopping cart has a constant velocity.", "The shopping cart is accelerating." ]	1	A girl is pushing a full shopping cart straight down an aisle with increasing speed.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	physics	Velocity, acceleration, and forces	Identify whether objects are accelerating	An object's velocity describes its speed and its direction. An object has a constant velocity when neither its speed nor its direction is changing. So, an object has a constant velocity when the object is: moving in a straight line at a constant speed, or remaining motionless. If an object does not have a constant velocity, the object is accelerating. An object is accelerating when either its speed or its direction is changing. So, an object is accelerating when the object is: speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction.	The shopping cart is speeding up. So, the shopping cart is accelerating.
Which tense does the sentence use? Trevor will count the coins in his collection.	[ "future tense", "present tense", "past tense" ]	0		closed choice	grade5	language science	verbs	Verb tense	Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense?	Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now. Most present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es. Two verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms. Past tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened. Most past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed. Some verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms. Future tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen. All future-tense verbs use the word will. Present \| Past \| Future walk, walks \| walked \| will walk go, goes \| went \| will go	The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, count. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.
Select the one animal that has all of the placental mammal traits listed above.	[ "Brown pelicans live along the west coast of North America. They dive underwater to catch fish in their beaks. Brown pelicans keep their eggs warm by standing on the shells with their large, webbed feet.", "Hippopotamuses have small hairs near their mouths and ears, but most of their skin is hairless. Their skin makes a reddish-brown substance that acts like sunscreen! Hippopotamuses give birth to live offspring." ]	1	Placental mammals are a group of animals with similar traits. The following traits can be used to identify placental mammals: They give birth to live offspring. They have fur or hair. Observe the animals and read the descriptions.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Classification	Use evidence to classify animals	Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live. How do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.	To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group. Placental mammals have the following traits: They give birth to live offspring. They have fur or hair. Compare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits. A brown pelican has the following traits: It has feathers. It has wings. It has a beak. It makes eggs with shells. A brown pelican does not have all of the traits of a placental mammal. A brown pelican is a bird. A hippopotamus has the following traits: It gives birth to live offspring. A hippopotamus has the traits of a placental mammal. A hippopotamus is a placental mammal.
Which greeting is correct for a letter?	[ "Dear Dr. landry,", "Dear Dr. Landry," ]	1		closed choice	grade3	language science	punctuation	Formatting	Greetings and closings of letters	A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue. Dear Aunt Sue, I'm glad you could come to my party, and thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have asked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think of you. With love, Rory	The first greeting is correct: Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Dr. Landry is capitalized because it is a proper noun.
Is the following trait inherited or acquired? Rachel is good at knitting scarves.	[ "acquired", "inherited" ]	0	Hint: People who can knit had to learn how to do it.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	biology	Traits and heredity	Identify inherited and acquired traits	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.	People are not born knowing how to knit. Instead, many people learn how to knit. Knitting well takes practice. So, knitting well is an acquired trait.
Is the following trait inherited or acquired? Deion has naturally pale skin.	[ "inherited", "acquired" ]	0		closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Traits and heredity	Identify inherited and acquired traits	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.	Humans do not choose their skin color. Babies get their skin color from their parents. So, Deion's skin color is an inherited trait.
Which letter opening is more formal?	[ "Dear Brian,", "Dear Mr. Hodge," ]	1		closed choice	grade10	language science	writing-strategies	Audience, purpose, and tone	Which text is most formal?	Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions. Formal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language. Compare the following sentences. Informal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome. More formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners. Most formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.	The second letter opening is more formal. It uses the recipient's personal title and last name. The other opening uses the recipient's first name, suggesting a more familiar relationship.
Which figure of speech is used in this text? Steven's room is as tidy as an overgrown garden.	[ "verbal irony", "onomatopoeia" ]	0		closed choice	grade8	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Classify figures of speech	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. Alliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words. What a lucky little lady you are! An allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature. "I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked. An idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned. The assignment was a piece of cake. A simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike. The cat's fur was as dark as the night. A metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as. The snow formed a blanket over the town. Onomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound. The scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat. Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. The trees danced in the wind. A pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning. A great new broom is sweeping the nation. Verbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic. Olivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down. Each breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.	The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different. As tidy as an overgrown garden shows verbal irony because an overgrown garden is not tidy.
Which blueberry muffin has a higher temperature?	[ "the blueberry muffin with less thermal energy", "the blueberry muffin with more thermal energy" ]	1	Two blueberry muffins are identical except for their thermal energies.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	physics	Heat and thermal energy	How are temperature and mass related to thermal energy?	Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving. The energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving. Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature. What happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70°F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70°F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.	The two blueberry muffins are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the blueberry muffin with more thermal energy has a higher temperature.
Which closing is correct for a letter?	[ "your student,\nJacob", "Your student,\nJacob" ]	1		closed choice	grade4	language science	punctuation	Formatting	Greetings and closings of letters	A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue. Dear Aunt Sue, I'm glad you could come to my party, and thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have asked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think of you. With love, Rory	The first closing is correct: Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.
What is the mass of a pair of goggles?	[ "4 pounds", "4 tons", "4 ounces" ]	2	Select the best estimate.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose customary units of mass	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Mass is a measurement of how much matter something contains. There are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons. There are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton. So, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton. A slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.	The best estimate for the mass of a pair of goggles is 4 ounces. 4 pounds and 4 tons are both too heavy.
Would you find the word traitor on a dictionary page with the following guide words? thirteen - tinsel	[ "yes", "no" ]	1		yes or no	grade8	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since traitor is not between the guide words thirteen - tinsel, it would not be found on that page.
What information supports the conclusion that Christine acquired this trait?	[ "Christine learned history by reading.", "Christine is most interested in American history." ]	0	Read the description of a trait. Christine knows a lot about history.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	biology	Traits and heredity	Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.
Select the one substance that is not a mineral.	[ "Cheese is made by humans. It is a solid.", "Calcite is a pure substance. It is a solid.", "Biotite is formed in nature. It is a pure substance." ]	0		closed choice	grade4	natural science	earth-science	Rocks and minerals	Identify minerals using properties	Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals. Minerals and rocks have the following properties: Property \| Mineral \| Rock It is a solid. \| Yes \| Yes It is formed in nature. \| Yes \| Yes It is not made by organisms. \| Yes \| Yes It is a pure substance. \| Yes \| No It has a fixed crystal structure. \| Yes \| No You can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither. Look closely at the last three properties: Minerals and rocks are not made by organisms. Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks. Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks. A mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not. A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures. A mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not. The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way. However, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!	Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals. Calcite is a mineral. Cheese is made by humans. But minerals are not made by living things. So, cheese is not a mineral. Biotite is a mineral.
Select the elementary substance.	[ "silicon dioxide (SiO2)", "tin (Sn)", "phosphine (PH3)" ]	1		closed choice	grade5	natural science	chemistry	Atoms and molecules	Identify elementary substances and compounds using chemical formulas	Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. Every chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be. The symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula. An elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol. The symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule. For example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula. The chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms. A compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols. For example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.	Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for tin contains one symbol: Sn. So, tin is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, tin is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for phosphine contains two symbols: P for phosphorus and H for hydrogen. So, phosphine is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, phosphine is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for silicon dioxide contains two symbols: Si for silicon and O for oxygen. So, silicon dioxide is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, silicon dioxide is a compound, not an elementary substance.
Which sentence is more formal?	[ "Adriana did not enter student politics until her junior year.", "Adriana didn't enter student politics until her junior year." ]	0		closed choice	grade6	language science	writing-strategies	Author's purpose and tone	Which sentence is more formal?	Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing: Type \| Examples slang \| cool, awesome idioms \| knock your socks off conversational language \| gonna, kinda, yeah abbreviated language \| ASAP, FYI overly simple or imprecise language \| he got some stuff at the store contractions \| can't, won't Contractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing. Compare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal. Informal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners. Formal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.	The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses a contraction (didn't). The second sentence does not use a contraction, so it is more formal.
What information supports the conclusion that Linda acquired this trait?	[ "Linda and her father play the cello together.", "Linda learned how to play the cello in music class.", "Linda knows how to polish her cello." ]	1	Read the description of a trait. Linda can play the cello.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.
Which figure of speech is used in this text? Houston, we've had a problem here. —Astronaut Jack Swigert, after an oxygen tank exploded on board Apollo 13	[ "chiasmus", "understatement" ]	1		closed choice	grade11	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Classify the figure of speech: review	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. Anaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses. We are united. We are powerful. We are winners. Antithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure. I want to help, not to hurt. Apostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity. Oh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully? Assonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words. Try to light the fire. Chiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words. Never let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you. A euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic. The head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off. Hyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally. I ate so much that I think I might explode! An oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms. Some reviewers are calling this book a new classic. A paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth. Always expect the unexpected. Understatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is. As you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.	The text uses understatement, which involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is. We've had a problem here is an understatement, since losing an oxygen tank could be catastrophic.
How long does it take to make a paper airplane?	[ "55 seconds", "55 hours" ]	0	Select the better estimate.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose units of time	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Imagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds? The number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing. Time is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven. There are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute. There are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.	The better estimate for how long it takes to make a paper airplane is 55 seconds. 55 hours is too slow.
Which correctly shows the title of a movie?	[ "*Mr. Bug Goes to Town*", "\"Mr. Bug Goes to Town\"" ]	0		closed choice	grade3	language science	punctuation	Formatting	Formatting titles	The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead. A Midsummer Night's Dream The title of a poem, song, or article should be in quotation marks. "You Are My Sunshine"	A movie should be in italics. The correct title is Mr. Bug Goes to Town.
Which closing is correct for a letter?	[ "Love,\nJeffrey", "love,\nJeffrey" ]	0		closed choice	grade3	language science	punctuation	Formatting	Greetings and closings of letters	A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue. Dear Aunt Sue, I'm glad you could come to my party, and thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have asked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think of you. With love, Rory	The second closing is correct: Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.
Select the one substance that is not a rock.	[ "Syenite is a solid. It is not a pure substance.", "Phyllite is not a pure substance. It is a solid.", "Burlap is made in a factory. It is a solid." ]	2		closed choice	grade4	natural science	earth-science	Rocks and minerals	Identify rocks using properties	Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks: They are solid. They are formed in nature. They are not made by living things. They are not pure substances.	Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks. Syenite is a rock. Burlap is made in a factory. But all rocks are formed in nature. So, burlap is not a rock. Phyllite is a rock.
Which type of sentence is this? Julie is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.	[ "compound-complex", "complex", "compound", "simple" ]	0		closed choice	grade10	language science	grammar	Phrases and clauses	Is the sentence simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex?	A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate. An independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence. the oranges on our tree are ripe The clause can stand alone. It is independent. after we pick up Kevin from work The clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent. A simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause. Ben and I spent all day relaxing by the pool. Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate. In the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat. Ben usually wears his heavy coat in the winter. A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so. We saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder. A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose. If she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. During his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome. A compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. After Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym. Sometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause. Orcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.	The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which. Julie is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.
Based on this information, what is Mickey's phenotype for the fur color trait?	[ "black fur", "brown fur" ]	1	In a group of rabbits, some individuals have black fur and others have brown fur. In this group, the gene for the fur color trait has two alleles. The allele for brown fur (f) is recessive to the allele for black fur (F). Mickey is a rabbit from this group. Mickey has the homozygous genotype ff for the fur color gene.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive	All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait. For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. Some traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene. An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene. An organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene. The types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype. A dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers. A recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.	Mickey's genotype for the fur color gene is ff. Mickey's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for brown fur. So, Mickey's phenotype for the fur color trait must be brown fur. To check this answer, consider whether Mickey's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for brown fur (f) is recessive to the allele for black fur (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele. Mickey's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Mickey's phenotype for the fur color trait must be brown fur.
What is the volume of a bottle of hot sauce?	[ "2 cups", "2 gallons", "2 fluid ounces" ]	2	Select the best estimate.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose customary units of volume	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Volume is a measurement of how much space something takes up. There are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons. As the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon. A glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.	The best estimate for the volume of a bottle of hot sauce is 2 fluid ounces. 2 cups and 2 gallons are both too much.
Which type of sentence is this? Walter always approaches difficult tasks enthusiastically, and he frequently motivates others with his energy and fervor.	[ "simple", "compound", "complex", "compound-complex" ]	1		closed choice	grade11	language science	grammar	Phrases and clauses	Is the sentence simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex?	A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate. An independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence. the oranges on our tree are ripe The clause can stand alone. It is independent. after we pick up Kevin from work The clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent. A simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause. Ben and I spent all day relaxing by the pool. Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate. In the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat. Ben usually wears his heavy coat in the winter. A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so. We saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder. A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose. If she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. During his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome. A compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. After Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym. Sometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause. Orcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.	The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and. Walter always approaches difficult tasks enthusiastically, and he frequently motivates others with his energy and fervor.
What do these two changes have in common? chemicals in a battery reacting to power a flashlight an old sandwich rotting in a trashcan	[ "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are caused by cooling.", "Both are caused by heating." ]	0		closed choice	grade8	natural science	chemistry	Chemical reactions	Compare physical and chemical changes	Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule. In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different. Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns. In a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same. A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water. The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.	Step 1: Think about each change. Chemicals in a battery reacting to power a flashlight is a chemical change. When the flashlight is turned on, the chemicals in the battery react with each other to form new chemicals. This creates electricity, which powers the lightbulb. A sandwich rotting is a chemical change. The matter in the sandwich breaks down and slowly turns into a different type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.
How long is a garden rake?	[ "5 miles", "5 inches", "5 feet", "5 yards" ]	2	Select the best estimate.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose customary units of distance, mass, and volume	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. When you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles. There are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile. A football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.	The best estimate for the length of a garden rake is 5 feet. 5 inches is too short. 5 yards and 5 miles are too long.
Using only these supplies, which question can Kate investigate with an experiment?	[ "Does a catapult with a longer arm launch a rubber ball farther than a catapult with a shorter arm?", "Does a heavier ball travel farther than a lighter ball when launched from a catapult?", "Does a rubber ball travel farther when launched from a metal catapult or from a wooden catapult?" ]	0	Kate visits a museum about ancient Greece. She notices an exhibit with models of wooden catapults that were used to launch large rocks across battlefields. She wonders what factors affect how far a catapult can launch an object. So, she decides to design an experiment. She has the following supplies available: a wooden catapult with a 10-inch-long arm a wooden catapult with a five-inch-long arm two identical rubber balls	closed choice	grade6	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Designing experiments	Identify questions that can be investigated with a set of materials	Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment. Imagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment? First, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available. Next, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick. So, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!
Which logical fallacy is used in the text? Of course you don't like rap or hip-hop music! You wear the same clothes every day and have zero fashion sense.	[ "circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself", "ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent" ]	1		closed choice	grade6	language science	writing-strategies	Developing and supporting arguments	Classify logical fallacies	A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions. A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information: Fallacy \| Description ad hominem \| a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent appeal to nature \| an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice bandwagon fallacy \| an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice circular reasoning \| an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself guilt by association \| an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something red herring \| the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand: Fallacy \| Description false causation \| the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other false dichotomy \| an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist hasty generalization \| a very broad claim based on very little evidence straw man \| a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against	The text argues that a person's clothing determines whether she will like rap or hip-hop music. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to why someone would like or dislike a certain kind of music. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.
Would you find the word drought on a dictionary page with the following guide words? divide - dungeon	[ "no", "yes" ]	1		yes or no	grade4	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since drought is between the guide words divide - dungeon, it would be found on that page.
Which type of sentence is this? Isaac took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.	[ "complex", "compound-complex", "compound", "simple" ]	3		closed choice	grade10	language science	grammar	Phrases and clauses	Is the sentence simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex?	A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate. An independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence. the oranges on our tree are ripe The clause can stand alone. It is independent. after we pick up Kevin from work The clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent. A simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause. Ben and I spent all day relaxing by the pool. Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate. In the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat. Ben usually wears his heavy coat in the winter. A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so. We saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder. A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose. If she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. During his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome. A compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. After Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym. Sometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause. Orcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.	The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause. Isaac took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.
What does the verbal irony in this text suggest? After a jog around the block, Alice collapsed on the couch and declared with a wheeze, "Well, I'm ready to run a marathon."	[ "Alice was out of shape.", "Alice felt full of energy." ]	0		closed choice	grade6	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Interpret figures of speech	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. Verbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic. Olivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down. Each breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.	The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different. Ready to run a marathon ironically suggests that Alice was out of shape. She was actually far from ready to run a marathon.
Read the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her academic voice? The belly produces acid to break down food. In patients who suffer from gastroesophageal reflux disease, more commonly known as GERD or acid reflux, the acid moves backward into the eating tube. Most often, GERD occurs because the lower esophageal sphincter, the thing at the junction of the eating tube and the belly, doesn't close the way it should or opens at the wrong time.	[ "by using unbiased language", "by avoiding first-person pronouns", "by using more technical terms" ]	2		closed choice	grade11	language science	writing-strategies	Editing and revising	Suggest appropriate revisions	During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision: Ideas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis? Organization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow? Voice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay? Sentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive? Word choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing? Grammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?	The writer could best improve his or her academic voice by using more technical terms. For example, the writer could use technical terms for the underlined words: stomach, esophagus, and valve. The belly produces acid to break down food. In patients who suffer from gastroesophageal reflux disease, more commonly known as GERD or acid reflux, the acid moves backward into the eating tube. Most often, GERD occurs because the lower esophageal sphincter, the thing at the junction of the eating tube and the belly, doesn't close the way it should or opens at the wrong time.
What does the euphemism in this text suggest? "Thank you for your work over the years," Mrs. Nolan said to her gardener. "As of next week, however, your services will no longer be required."	[ "The gardener is being fired.", "The gardener is no longer obligated to work for Mrs. Nolan." ]	0		closed choice	grade9	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Interpret figures of speech	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. A euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic. The head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.	The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic. The euphemism your services will no longer be required means that the gardener is being fired.
Which logical fallacy is used in the text? President Rudd is an effective communicator, because he has a natural talent for speaking with people.	[ "false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other", "circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" ]	1		closed choice	grade6	language science	writing-strategies	Developing and supporting arguments	Classify logical fallacies	A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions. A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information: Fallacy \| Description ad hominem \| a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent appeal to nature \| an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice bandwagon fallacy \| an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice circular reasoning \| an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself guilt by association \| an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something red herring \| the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand: Fallacy \| Description false causation \| the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other false dichotomy \| an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist hasty generalization \| a very broad claim based on very little evidence straw man \| a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against	The text argues that President Rudd is an effective communicator because he communicates well. However, the "evidence" is just a restatement of the claim itself. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as circular reasoning.
What does the verbal irony in this text suggest? After a jog around the block, Charlotte collapsed on the couch and declared with a wheeze, "Well, I'm ready to run a marathon."	[ "Charlotte plans to run more.", "Charlotte was out of shape." ]	1		closed choice	grade8	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Interpret figures of speech	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. Verbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic. Olivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down. Each breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.	The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different. Ready to run a marathon ironically suggests that Charlotte was out of shape. She was actually far from ready to run a marathon.
Suppose Celine decides to plant the lilies. Which result would be a cost?	[ "She will save some space. The lilies will use up less space than the oak tree would have used up.", "Celine will give up the chance to look at the oak tree. She thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the lilies." ]	1	Celine is deciding whether to plant lilies or an oak tree in her backyard. She wants to make her backyard more beautiful. But she also wants to leave space for doing fun things.	closed choice	grade5	social science	economics	Basic economic principles	Costs and benefits	Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits. Costs are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need. Benefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.	This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Celine wants or needs: Celine will give up the chance to look at the oak tree. She thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the lilies.
What does the metaphor in this text suggest? Laughter is sunshine; it chases winter from the human face. —Victor Hugo, Les Misérables	[ "Laughter can affect people in different ways.", "Laughter can brighten people's moods." ]	1		closed choice	grade10	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Interpret figures of speech	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. A metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as. The snow formed a blanket over the town.	The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as. The metaphor laughter is sunshine suggests that laughter can brighten people's moods. Sunshine can make a winter day brighter and warmer, and laughter has a similar effect on a bad mood.
Which object has less thermal energy?	[ "a 10-kilogram block of iron at a temperature of 345°F", "a 10-kilogram block of iron at a temperature of 370°F" ]	0	The objects are identical except for their temperatures.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	physics	Heat and thermal energy	How is temperature related to thermal energy?	All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy. Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.	The two blocks of iron have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 345°F block is colder than the 370°F block, it has less thermal energy.
Complete the sentences. The Sixth Amendment talks about criminal trials. It says that anyone charged with a crime has a right to get help from a lawyer. It also says that all criminal trials must be () and ().	[ "long . . . private", "speedy . . . public", "cheap . . . easy", "secret . . . safe" ]	1		closed choice	grade4	social science	civics	Government	The Bill of Rights		The Sixth Amendment says that anyone charged with a crime has a right to get help from a lawyer. It also says that all criminal trials must be speedy and public. Speedy means that the government must be ready for the trial as quickly as possible. A judge can decide that the government is taking too long. If that happens, the accused criminal is let go. Public means that a trial can never be secret. Usually, anyone can go see a trial take place. Part of the text of the Sixth Amendment is below. What other rules do criminal trials have to follow? In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed. . .and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.
Which closing is correct for a letter?	[ "yours truly,\nBrandon", "Yours truly,\nBrandon" ]	1		closed choice	grade3	language science	punctuation	Formatting	Greetings and closings of letters	A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue. Dear Aunt Sue, I'm glad you could come to my party, and thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have asked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think of you. With love, Rory	The first closing is correct: Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? Franklin noticed that the wind was blowing in from the ocean this afternoon.	[ "climate", "weather" ]	1	Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	earth-science	Weather and climate	What's the difference between weather and climate?	The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.	Read the text carefully. Franklin noticed that the wind was blowing in from the ocean this afternoon. This passage tells you about the wind direction where Franklin was this afternoon. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.
Which logical fallacy is used in the text? Did you know that raspberry-flavored candy used to be made with a liquid secreted by beavers? Candy used to be so much healthier than it is now.	[ "appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good", "circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself", "slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences" ]	0		closed choice	grade10	language science	writing-strategies	Developing and supporting arguments	Classify logical fallacies	A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions. A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information: Fallacy \| Description ad hominem \| an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself appeal to nature \| an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice bandwagon fallacy \| an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice circular reasoning \| an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself guilt by association \| an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand: Fallacy \| Description false causation \| the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other false dichotomy \| an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist hasty generalization \| a broad claim based on too few observations slippery slope fallacy \| the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences straw man \| a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against	The text argues that candy flavored by beaver secretions is healthier. However, a candy isn't necessarily healthy just because it's naturally flavored. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as an appeal to nature.
Based on this information, what is Truffle's phenotype for the fur texture trait?	[ "straight fur", "Ff" ]	0	In a group of Syrian hamsters, some individuals have straight fur and others have wavy fur. In this group, the gene for the fur texture trait has two alleles. The allele F is for straight fur, and the allele f is for wavy fur. Truffle, a Syrian hamster from this group, has straight fur. Truffle has one allele for straight fur and one allele for wavy fur.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype	All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait. For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.	An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Truffle's observable version of the fur texture trait is straight fur. So, Truffle's phenotype for the fur texture trait is straight fur.
Which is a compound sentence?	[ "Spiders have eight legs, but insects have only six.", "Every morning my alarm clock wakes me at six o'clock." ]	0		closed choice	grade3	language science	grammar	Sentences, fragments, and run-ons	Is the sentence simple or compound?	A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate. The pitcher threw the ball to first base. A compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so. The pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it. Some simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences. Anna and James will watch the fireworks tonight. This simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James. The singers bowed and walked off the stage. This simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage. Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate. In the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat. This is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.	The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction but. Spiders have eight legs, but insects have only six.
Based on this information, what is this fly's phenotype for the antenna type trait?	[ "mutated antennae", "normal antennae" ]	0	This passage describes the antenna type trait in fruit flies: In a group of fruit flies, some individuals have mutated antennae and others have normal antennae. In this group, the gene for the antenna type trait has two alleles. The allele for normal antennae (a) is recessive to the allele for mutated antennae (A). A certain fruit fly from this group has the heterozygous genotype Aa for the antenna type gene.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive	All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait. For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. Some traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene. An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene. An organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene. The types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype. A dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers. A recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.	You need to determine the fruit fly's phenotype for the antenna type trait. First, consider the alleles in the fly's genotype for the antenna type gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for normal antennae (a) is recessive to the allele for mutated antennae (A). This means A is a dominant allele, and a is a recessive allele. The fruit fly's genotype of Aa has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, the fruit fly's phenotype for the antenna type trait must be mutated antennae.
Which object has more thermal energy?	[ "a 2-kilogram block of copper at a temperature of 245°F", "a 2-kilogram block of copper at a temperature of 215°F" ]	0	The objects are identical except for their temperatures.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	physics	Heat and thermal energy	How is temperature related to thermal energy?	All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy. Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.	The two blocks of copper have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 245°F block is hotter than the 215°F block, it has more thermal energy.
What information supports the conclusion that Tommy inherited this trait?	[ "Tommy and his father both have short hair.", "Tommy's parents were born with straight hair. They passed down this trait to Tommy." ]	1	Read the description of a trait. Tommy has straight hair.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	biology	Traits and heredity	Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.
Select the animal that does not have a backbone.	[ "luna moth", "American crocodile" ]	0	Hint: Insects, spiders, and worms do not have backbones.	closed choice	grade2	natural science	biology	Classification	Identify animals with and without backbones	Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange. Other animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.	An American crocodile is a reptile. Like other reptiles, an American crocodile has a backbone. A luna moth is an insect. Like other insects, a luna moth does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.
What is the mass of a school bus?	[ "12 ounces", "12 tons", "12 pounds" ]	1	Select the best estimate.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose customary units of mass	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Mass is a measurement of how much matter something contains. There are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons. There are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton. So, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton. A slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.	The best estimate for the mass of a school bus is 12 tons. 12 ounces and 12 pounds are both too light.
Which greeting is correct for a letter?	[ "Dear ms. ryan,", "Dear Ms. Ryan," ]	1		closed choice	grade2	language science	capitalization	Capitalization	Greetings and closings of letters	A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue. Dear Aunt Sue, I'm glad you could come to my party, and thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have asked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think of you. With love, Rory	The first greeting is correct: Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Ms. Ryan is capitalized because it is a proper noun.
How long is a bench?	[ "12 yards", "12 feet", "12 miles", "12 inches" ]	1	Select the best estimate.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose customary units of distance, mass, and volume	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. When you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles. There are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile. A football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.	The best estimate for the length of a bench is 12 feet. 12 inches is too short. 12 yards and 12 miles are too long.
Would you find the word beets on a dictionary page with the following guide words? birthday - bounty	[ "yes", "no" ]	1		yes or no	grade5	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since beets is not between the guide words birthday - bounty, it would not be found on that page.
Which correctly shows the title of a poem?	[ "\"Talk to Animals\"", "Talk to Animals" ]	0		closed choice	grade6	language science	punctuation	Formatting	Formatting titles	The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead. A Midsummer Night's Dream The title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks. "You Are My Sunshine"	A poem should be in quotation marks. The correct title is "Talk to Animals."
Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? blew - bud	[ "boil", "bake" ]	0		closed choice	grade6	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since boil is between the guide words blew - bud, it would be found on that page.
Suppose Jill decides to buy a copy of the book. Which result would be a cost?	[ "Jill will get to keep the book as long as she wants.", "Jill will spend money to buy the book." ]	1	Jill is deciding whether to buy a copy of a book or borrow it from the library. She would like to be able to keep the book as long as she wants, but buying the book would cost money. She could borrow the book for free, but she would have to return it in a few weeks.	closed choice	grade4	social science	economics	Basic economic principles	Costs and benefits	Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits. Costs are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need. Benefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.	This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Jill wants or needs: Jill will spend money to buy the book.
What kind of sentence is this? Does Sasha prefer pizza or pasta?	[ "imperative", "interrogative" ]	1		closed choice	grade5	language science	punctuation	Sentences, fragments, and run-ons	Is the sentence declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory?	There are four kinds of sentences. A declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period. I have an older brother and a younger sister. An interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark. How tall are you? An imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point. Read the first chapter by next week. Look out for that car! An exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point. Some whales are over ninety feet long! I can't wait until tomorrow!	The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.
Complete the sentence so that it uses personification. The elaborate monument () the attention of everyone who came near it.	[ "got", "demanded" ]	1		closed choice	grade10	language science	writing-strategies	Creative techniques	Use personification	Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point. The trees danced in the wind. The word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.	Complete the sentence with the word demanded. It describes the monument as if it were a bossy, demanding person.
Which figure of speech is used in this text? Mateo's room is as tidy as an overgrown garden.	[ "verbal irony", "onomatopoeia" ]	0		closed choice	grade6	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Classify figures of speech	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. Alliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words. What a lucky little lady you are! An allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature. "I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked. An idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned. The assignment was a piece of cake. A simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike. The cat's fur was as dark as the night. A metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as. The snow formed a blanket over the town. Onomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound. The scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat. Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. The trees danced in the wind. A pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning. A great new broom is sweeping the nation. Verbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic. Olivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down. Each breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.	The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different. As tidy as an overgrown garden shows verbal irony because an overgrown garden is not tidy.
Which object has less thermal energy?	[ "a 3-kilogram block of iron at a temperature of 275°F", "a 3-kilogram block of iron at a temperature of 270°F" ]	1	The objects are identical except for their temperatures.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	physics	Heat and thermal energy	How is temperature related to thermal energy?	All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy. Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.	The two blocks of iron have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 270°F block is colder than the 275°F block, it has less thermal energy.
What do these two changes have in common? silver jewelry tarnishing baking cookies	[ "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are caused by heating.", "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are caused by cooling." ]	2		closed choice	grade8	natural science	chemistry	Chemical reactions	Compare physical and chemical changes	Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule. In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different. Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns. In a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same. A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water. The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.	Step 1: Think about each change. Metal turning less shiny over time is called tarnishing. Silver jewelry tarnishing is a chemical change. The silver reacts with sulfur in the air to form black tarnish. The tarnish is a different type of matter that was not there before the change. Baking cookies is a chemical change. The type of matter in the cookie dough changes when it is baked. The cookie dough turns into cookies! Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different. Both are caused by heating. Baking is caused by heating. But silver tarnishing is not. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.
Which text message is more formal?	[ "Heads up! Lane is here. In the lobby.", "Ms. Lane is already here. She's waiting in the lobby." ]	1		closed choice	grade10	language science	writing-strategies	Audience, purpose, and tone	Which text is most formal?	Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions. Formal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language. Compare the following sentences. Informal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome. More formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners. Most formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.	The first text message is more formal. It uses complete sentences, avoids slang (heads up), and uses the person's title (Ms. Lane). The other text message includes more casual language and sentence fragments.
Which logical fallacy is used in the text? Senator Tyler announced today that she plans to cut funding to early childhood education programs. The last thing we need is a government official who hates children!	[ "straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against", "appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good" ]	0		closed choice	grade8	language science	writing-strategies	Developing and supporting arguments	Classify logical fallacies	A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions. A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information: Fallacy \| Description ad hominem \| a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent appeal to nature \| an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice bandwagon fallacy \| an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice circular reasoning \| an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself guilt by association \| an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something red herring \| the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand: Fallacy \| Description false causation \| the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other false dichotomy \| an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist hasty generalization \| a very broad claim based on very little evidence straw man \| a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against	The text argues that Senator Tyler hates children, because she wants to cut education funding. However, the fact that Senator Tyler wants to cut education funding doesn't necessarily suggest that she hates children. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.
Which word is not like the others?	[ "day", "week", "school", "year" ]	2		closed choice	grade1	language science	vocabulary	Categories	Which word is not like the others?	Some words are alike. They go together in a group. Red, blue, and green go together. They are colors. Mom, dad, grandma, and grandpa go together. They are people in a family.	Day, year, and week go together. They are time words. School is not a time word, so it is not like the other words.
What do these two changes have in common? burning a candle sauce burning on a stove	[ "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are caused by cooling.", "Both are caused by heating." ]	2		closed choice	grade4	natural science	chemistry	Physical and chemical change	Compare physical and chemical changes	Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change. In a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different. Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke. In a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same. A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water. The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.	Step 1: Think about each change. Burning a candle is a chemical change. Both the wick and the melted wax burn. They react with oxygen in the air and turn into soot, carbon dioxide, and water. Sauce burning on a stove is a chemical change. High temperatures case the sauce to react with oxygen in the air. The sauce turns black and no longer tastes good. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different. Both are caused by heating. Both changes are caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.
Compare the motion of two ships. Which ship was moving at a higher speed?	[ "a ship that moved 185miles in 5hours", "a ship that moved 85miles in 5hours" ]	0		closed choice	grade2	natural science	physics	Force and motion	Compare the speeds of moving objects	An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time. Distance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile. Time tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour. Think about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving faster will go a farther distance in that time. It is moving at a higher speed.	Look at the distance each ship moved and the time it took to move that distance. One ship moved 185 miles in 5 hours. The other ship moved 85 miles in 5 hours. Notice that each ship spent the same amount of time moving. The ship that moved 185 miles moved a farther distance in that time. So, that ship must have moved at a higher speed.
What does the verbal irony in this text suggest? "Sleeping through the rooster's crowing was no problem," Bruce joked with a yawn.	[ "Bruce slept poorly.", "Bruce slept well." ]	0		closed choice	grade7	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Interpret figures of speech	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. Verbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic. Olivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down. Each breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.	The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different. Sleeping through the rooster's crowing was no problem ironically suggests that Bruce slept poorly. Bruce was tired, so the rooster's crowing was clearly a problem.
Would you find the word done on a dictionary page with the following guide words? detective - drum	[ "yes", "no" ]	0		yes or no	grade4	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since done is between the guide words detective - drum, it would be found on that page.
Which type of sentence is this? Lester took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.	[ "compound", "complex", "simple", "compound-complex" ]	2		closed choice	grade9	language science	grammar	Phrases and clauses	Is the sentence simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex?	A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate. An independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence. the oranges on our tree are ripe The clause can stand alone. It is independent. after we pick up Kevin from work The clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent. A simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause. Ben and I spent all day relaxing by the pool. Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate. In the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat. Ben usually wears his heavy coat in the winter. A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so. We saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder. A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose. If she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. During his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome. A compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. After Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym. Sometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause. Orcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.	The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause. Lester took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.
How long is a soccer field?	[ "110 kilometers", "110 meters", "110 centimeters", "110 millimeters" ]	1	Select the best estimate.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose metric units of distance, mass, and volume	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. When you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter. The tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long. A red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.	The best estimate for the length of a soccer field is 110 meters. 110 millimeters and 110 centimeters are too short. 110 kilometers is too long.
Last year, there were seven men's clothing stores on Main Street in Manchester. This year, there are only three. What probably happened to the overall supply of men's shirts in Manchester?	[ "The supply probably went down.", "The supply probably went up." ]	0		closed choice	grade7	social science	economics	Supply and demand	Understand overall supply and demand	Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply. \| Resources \| Number of producers or suppliers \| Expected change in demand Supply goes up \| when resources cost less or are easier to get \| when there are more producers or suppliers \| when demand is expected to go up Supply goes down \| when resources cost more or are harder to get \| when there are fewer producers or suppliers \| when demand is expected to go down Producers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.	When four men's clothing stores closed on Main Street, the number of suppliers went down. There were fewer stores selling men's shirts. So, the supply of men's shirts probably went down.
Based on this information, what is Koko's phenotype for the body feather color trait?	[ "bb", "blue body feathers" ]	1	In a group of budgerigar parakeets, some individuals have green body feathers and others have blue body feathers. In this group, the gene for the body feather color trait has two alleles. The allele B is for green body feathers, and the allele b is for blue body feathers. Koko, a budgerigar parakeet from this group, has blue body feathers. Koko has two alleles for blue body feathers.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype	All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait. For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.	An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Koko's observable version of the body feather color trait is blue body feathers. So, Koko's phenotype for the body feather color trait is blue body feathers.
Which body part gives the body its shape?	[ "stomach", "skeleton", "lungs" ]	1		closed choice	grade2	natural science	biology	Animals	Body parts and their functions

Subsets and Splits

No saved queries yet

Save your SQL queries to embed, download, and access them later. Queries will appear here once saved.