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Complete the sentence. In this chemical reaction, zinc is a ().	[ "reactant", "product" ]	0	This passage describes a chemical reaction. Read the passage. Then, follow the instructions below. Many watches are powered by small, flat batteries called button cells. One common type of button cell contains the metal zinc. When zinc in the battery combines with oxygen in the air, zinc oxide forms. This process generates the electricity that powers the watch.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	chemistry	Chemical reactions	Identify reactants and products	A chemical change occurs when new substances are formed from existing substances. This process is called a chemical reaction. In a chemical reaction, one or more substances change into one or more different substances. During the reaction, the atoms of the original substances are rearranged to form other substances. The original substances in a chemical reaction are called reactants. These substances react, or go through a chemical change. The substances that are formed in a chemical reaction are called products. These substances are produced by the chemical reaction. So, in a chemical reaction, reactants go through a chemical change to form products.	Read the underlined text carefully. Look for information about what happens to zinc in this chemical reaction. Many watches are powered by small, flat batteries called button cells. One common type of button cell contains the metal zinc. When zinc in the battery combines with oxygen in the air, zinc oxide forms. This process generates the electricity that powers the watch. The underlined text tells you that when zinc and oxygen combine, zinc oxide is formed. When zinc and oxygen react, or go through a chemical change, their atoms are rearranged to form zinc oxide. Because zinc reacts in this chemical reaction, zinc is a reactant.
Select the one substance that is not a rock.	[ "Slate is not a pure substance. It is a solid.", "Syenite is formed in nature. It is not a pure substance.", "Wool is made by living things. It is formed in nature." ]	2		closed choice	grade4	natural science	earth-science	Rocks and minerals	Identify rocks using properties	Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks: They are solid. They are formed in nature. They are not made by living things. They are not pure substances.	Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks. Slate is a rock. Syenite is a rock. Wool is made by living things. But rocks are not made by living things. So, wool is not a rock.
What information supports the conclusion that Lamar inherited this trait?	[ "Lamar's parents have pale skin. They passed down this trait to Lamar.", "Lamar and his father both have dark hair." ]	0	Read the description of a trait. Lamar has pale skin.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Traits and heredity	Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.
Which greeting is correct for a letter?	[ "Dear jada,", "Dear Jada," ]	1		closed choice	grade3	language science	punctuation	Formatting	Greetings and closings of letters	A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue. Dear Aunt Sue, I'm glad you could come to my party, and thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have asked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think of you. With love, Rory	The second greeting is correct: Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Jada is capitalized because it is a proper noun.
Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? salt - slow	[ "size", "stride" ]	0		closed choice	grade3	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since size is between the guide words salt - slow, it would be found on that page.
Which tense does the sentence use? The pilot will fly the plane to Lima.	[ "present tense", "past tense", "future tense" ]	2		closed choice	grade3	language science	verbs	Verb tense	Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense?	Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now. Most present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es. Two verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms. Past tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened. Most past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed. Some verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms. Future tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen. All future-tense verbs use the word will. Present \| Past \| Future walk, walks \| walked \| will walk go, goes \| went \| will go	The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, fly. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.
Does the sentence use a simile or a metaphor? Her eyes are as blue as the cloudless sky.	[ "simile", "metaphor" ]	0		closed choice	grade4	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Identify similes and metaphors	Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike. A simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as. My sister runs like a cheetah. The sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like. A cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast. The cat's fur was as dark as the night. The cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as. The night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark. A metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as. The snow formed a blanket over the town. The snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as. A blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely. Using similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.	Her eyes are as blue as the cloudless sky. The words eyes and sky are compared using the word as. So, the sentence uses a simile.
Which logical fallacy is used in the text? I can't understand why people are complaining that it's difficult to find a job in this job market. My daughter and I got jobs without any trouble.	[ "hasty generalization: a very broad claim based on very little evidence", "guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something" ]	0		closed choice	grade8	language science	writing-strategies	Developing and supporting arguments	Classify logical fallacies	A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions. A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information: Fallacy \| Description ad hominem \| a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent appeal to nature \| an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice bandwagon fallacy \| an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice circular reasoning \| an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself guilt by association \| an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something red herring \| the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand: Fallacy \| Description false causation \| the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other false dichotomy \| an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist hasty generalization \| a very broad claim based on very little evidence straw man \| a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against	The text argues that it's not difficult to find a job in this job market. However, even though the speaker's family found jobs without trouble, that doesn't necessarily mean that everyone can. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a hasty generalization.
What does the idiom in this text suggest? In such an unfamiliar environment, Billy was a fish out of water.	[ "Billy didn't have any friends.", "Billy felt out of place." ]	1		closed choice	grade11	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Interpret the figure of speech	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. An idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned. The assignment was a piece of cake.	The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally. The idiom a fish out of water suggests that Billy felt out of place. A fish out of water is someone out of his or her usual, comfortable environment.
Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? walk - whip	[ "week", "wipe" ]	0		closed choice	grade4	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since week is between the guide words walk - whip, it would be found on that page.
What does the hyperbole in this text suggest? After he finished the marathon, Gordon collapsed into a chair and declared that he could no longer move a single muscle.	[ "Gordon became paralyzed.", "Gordon was very tired and sore." ]	1		closed choice	grade10	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Interpret figures of speech	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. Hyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally. I ate so much that I think I might explode!	The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally. The hyperbole could no longer move a single muscle suggests that Gordon was very tired and sore. His muscles were not literally incapable of moving.
Which figure of speech is used in this text? A Chicago winter separates the men from the boys, especially newcomers from milder climes. The temperature frequently plunges below zero.	[ "verbal irony", "idiom" ]	1		closed choice	grade10	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Classify figures of speech: review	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. Alliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words. What a lucky little lady you are! An allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature. "I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked. An idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned. The assignment was a piece of cake. A simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike. The cat's fur was as dark as the night. A metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as. The snow formed a blanket over the town. Onomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound. The scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat. Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. The trees danced in the wind. A pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning. A great new broom is sweeping the nation. Verbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic. Olivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down. Each breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.	The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally. Separates the men from the boys means distinguishes the tough from the not-so-tough.
Which figure of speech is used in this text? We don't mistrust each other because we're armed; we're armed because we mistrust each other. —President Ronald Reagan, speaking of relations between the U.S. and the Soviet Union	[ "chiasmus", "understatement" ]	0		closed choice	grade11	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Classify the figure of speech: anaphora, antithesis, apostrophe, assonance, chiasmus, understatement	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. Anaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses. We are united. We are powerful. We are winners. Antithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure. I want to help, not to hurt. Apostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity. Oh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully? Assonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words. Try to light the fire. Chiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words. Never let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you. Understatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is. As you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.	The text uses chiasmus, an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words. The second half of the sentence reverses the order of the words mistrust and armed relative to the first half.
How long is a kitchen table?	[ "8 yards", "8 miles", "8 inches", "8 feet" ]	3	Select the best estimate.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose customary units of distance, mass, and volume	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. When you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles. There are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile. A football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.	The best estimate for the length of a kitchen table is 8 feet. 8 inches is too short. 8 yards and 8 miles are too long.
How long is a basketball court?	[ "25 feet", "25 inches", "25 yards", "25 miles" ]	2	Select the best estimate.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose customary units of distance, mass, and volume	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. When you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles. There are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile. A football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.	The best estimate for the length of a basketball court is 25 yards. 25 inches and 25 feet are too short. 25 miles is too long.
Which is a simple sentence?	[ "If we hike Bright Angel Trail in the Grand Canyon, we won't see Mooney Falls.", "Madison Chock and Gracie Gold were two American figure skaters in the Sochi 2014 Olympics." ]	1		closed choice	grade5	language science	grammar	Sentences, fragments, and run-ons	Is the sentence simple, compound, or complex?	A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate. An independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence. the oranges on our tree are ripe The clause can stand alone. It is independent. after we pick up Kevin from work The clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent. A simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause. Ben and I spent all day relaxing by the pool. Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate. In the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat. Ben usually wears his heavy coat in the winter. A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so. We saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder. A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while. If she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.	The first sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause. Madison Chock and Gracie Gold were two American figure skaters in the Sochi 2014 Olympics.
Complete the sentence. Mixing carbon and iron to make steel is a ().	[ "physical change", "chemical change" ]	0		closed choice	grade5	natural science	chemistry	Physical and chemical change	Compare physical and chemical changes	Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule. In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different. Burning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns. In a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same. A change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.	Mixing carbon and iron to make steel is a physical change. To make steel, a furnace melts the carbon and iron so that they can be mixed easily. Solid steel forms when the mixture cools. The carbon and iron are now combined as steel. But they are still made of the same types of matter as before.
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? It is snowing in Tanvi's town today.	[ "weather", "climate" ]	0		closed choice	grade5	natural science	earth-science	Weather and climate	What's the difference between weather and climate?	The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.	Read the text carefully. It is snowing in Tanvi's town today. This passage tells you about the precipitation today in Tanvi's town. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.
Which closing is correct for a letter?	[ "sincerely,\nDevin", "Sincerely,\nDevin" ]	1		closed choice	grade2	language science	capitalization	Capitalization	Greetings and closings of letters	A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue. Dear Aunt Sue, I'm glad you could come to my party, and thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have asked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think of you. With love, Rory	The first closing is correct: Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.
What is the volume of a coffee pot?	[ "3 milliliters", "3 liters" ]	1	Select the better estimate.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose metric units of volume	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Volume is a measurement of how much space something takes up. There are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters. There are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter. A raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.	The better estimate for the volume of a coffee pot is 3 liters. 3 milliliters is too little.
Which object has the most thermal energy?	[ "a 180-gram bottle of water at a temperature of 69°F", "a 180-gram bottle of water at a temperature of 63°F", "a 180-gram bottle of water at a temperature of 82°F" ]	2	The objects are identical except for their temperatures.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	physics	Heat and thermal energy	How is temperature related to thermal energy?	All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy. Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.	All three bottles of water have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 82°F bottle of water is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.
What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below? Jacob described the situation he was facing with his boss as a catch-22.	[ "literature", "a song" ]	0		closed choice	grade11	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Recall the source of an allusion	An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words. The protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose. The word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.	The source of the allusion catch-22 is literature. Joseph Heller coined the term "catch-22" in his 1961 novel of the same name. In the novel, if an army pilot wants to avoid dangerous missions, he must be deemed mentally unfit; however, his desire to stay safe proves his sanity, so he can never be excused from a mission. Heller called this sort of predicament or dilemma a catch-22. The allusion catch-22 means a no-win situation.
What do these two changes have in common? an old sandwich rotting in a trashcan a piece of pear turning brown	[ "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are caused by cooling.", "Both are caused by heating.", "Both are chemical changes." ]	3		closed choice	grade4	natural science	chemistry	Physical and chemical change	Compare physical and chemical changes	Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change. In a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different. Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke. In a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same. A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water. The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.	Step 1: Think about each change. A sandwich rotting is a chemical change. The matter in the sandwich breaks down and slowly turns into a different type of matter. A piece of a pear turning brown is a chemical change. The substances in the pear react with oxygen in the air and turn into a different type of matter. If you scrape off the brown part of the pear, the inside will still be white. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change hasn't happened to that part of the pear. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.
Which closing is correct for a letter?	[ "sincerely,\nBrenna", "Sincerely,\nBrenna" ]	1		closed choice	grade3	language science	punctuation	Formatting	Greetings and closings of letters	A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue. Dear Aunt Sue, I'm glad you could come to my party, and thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have asked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think of you. With love, Rory	The second closing is correct: Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.
Which is harder?	[ "wood bat", "rubber band" ]	0		closed choice	grade2	natural science	physics	Materials	Compare properties of materials	Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials. A material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.	Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger. Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture. Of the choices, the wood bat is harder. If you squeeze a piece of wood, it will not change shape.
Which is a compound sentence?	[ "That wool scarf looks soft and warm.", "The coach makes us run laps, or he has us lift weights." ]	1		closed choice	grade3	language science	grammar	Sentences, fragments, and run-ons	Is the sentence simple or compound?	A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate. The pitcher threw the ball to first base. A compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so. The pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it. Some simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences. Anna and James will watch the fireworks tonight. This simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James. The singers bowed and walked off the stage. This simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage. Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate. In the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat. This is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.	The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction or. The coach makes us run laps, or he has us lift weights.
Is this a run-on sentence? During the Civil War, the Union blocked the port of New Orleans, preventing the shipment of coffee, devoted coffee drinkers began mixing chicory with their coffee to make it last longer.	[ "no", "yes" ]	1		yes or no	grade12	language science	writing-strategies	Sentences, fragments, and run-ons	Identify run-on sentences	A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks. A run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks. There are several ways to fix a run-on sentence: Use stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks. Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks. Use a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.	This is a run-on sentence. It is a comma splice formed from two sentences run together, joined by just a comma. During the Civil War, the Union blocked the port of New Orleans, preventing the shipment of coffee, devoted coffee drinkers began mixing chicory with their coffee to make it last longer. Here is one way to fix the run-on sentence: During the Civil War, the Union blocked the port of New Orleans, preventing the shipment of coffee. As a result, devoted coffee drinkers began mixing chicory with their coffee to make it last longer.
Which tense does the sentence use? Uncle Brett will cook dinner for us.	[ "past tense", "present tense", "future tense" ]	2		closed choice	grade2	language science	verbs	Verb tense	Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense?	Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now. Most present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es. Two verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms. Past tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened. Most past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed. Some verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms. Future tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen. All future-tense verbs use the word will. Present \| Past \| Future walk, walks \| walked \| will walk go, goes \| went \| will go	The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, cook. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.
What is the mass of a dinner fork?	[ "75 kilograms", "75 grams" ]	1	Select the better estimate.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose metric units of mass	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Mass is a measurement of how much matter something contains. There are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms. There are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram. A paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.	The better estimate for the mass of a dinner fork is 75 grams. 75 kilograms is too heavy.
Using only these supplies, which question can Tori investigate with an experiment?	[ "When wrapped in a cotton shirt and placed in the sun, does a large jar or a small jar heat up more?", "When placed in the sun, does a glass jar wrapped in cotton heat up more than a glass jar wrapped in wool?", "When placed in the sun, does a glass jar wrapped in a black cotton shirt heat up more than a glass jar wrapped in a white cotton shirt?" ]	2	Tori is outside with her friend on a sunny day. Tori is wearing a light-colored shirt, and she notices that she feels colder than her friend, who is wearing a dark shirt. She wonders what factors affect how fabric warms an object. So, she decides to design an experiment. She has the following supplies available: a black cotton shirt a white cotton shirt two identical empty glass jars two thermometers	closed choice	grade6	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Designing experiments	Identify questions that can be investigated with a set of materials	Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment. Imagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment? First, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available. Next, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick. So, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!
Which is a sentence fragment?	[ "Danielle is from Fairfax now she lives in Middletown.", "That awful noise from the large factory." ]	1		closed choice	grade3	language science	writing-strategies	Sentences, fragments, and run-ons	Is it a complete sentence, a fragment, or a run-on?	A sentence is a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb. My friends walk along the path. A sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb. Knows the answer. This is a sentence fragment. It is missing a subject. Who knows the answer? She knows the answer. The bright red car. This is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb. What did the bright red car do? The bright red car stopped. A run-on sentence is made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma. I knocked on the door it opened. It started raining, we ran inside. To fix a run-on sentence, separate it into two sentences. Add end punctuation after the first sentence, and capitalize the second sentence. I knocked on the door. It opened. It started raining. We ran inside. You can also fix a run-on sentence by rewriting it as a compound sentence. A compound sentence is two sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so. I knocked on the door, and it opened. It started raining, so we ran inside.	That awful noise from the large factory is a sentence fragment. It is missing a verb.
Complete the sentence. Butter melting on a hot day is a ().	[ "chemical change", "physical change" ]	1		closed choice	grade3	natural science	chemistry	Physical and chemical change	Identify physical and chemical changes	Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change. In a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different. Burning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke. In a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same. Cutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper. A change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.	Butter melting on a hot day is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The butter changes from solid to liquid, but it is still made of the same type of matter.
Is the following trait inherited or acquired? Carrie has five fingers on each hand.	[ "acquired", "inherited" ]	1	Hint: Carrie was born with five fingers on each hand.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	biology	Heredity	Identify inherited and acquired traits	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.	Most humans are born with five fingers on each hand. So, having five fingers is an inherited trait.
Which place usually has fewer cars?	[ "a rural area", "an urban area" ]	0		closed choice	grade2	social science	geography	Geography	Compare urban, suburban, and rural areas	People around the world live in three main kinds of places: urban areas, suburban areas, and rural areas. An urban area is a city. It has many people and businesses. The buildings are close to each other. The buildings are often tall and have many floors. Since there are so many people, traffic is usually bad. People will walk or take the bus, train, or subway to avoid traffic. A suburban area, or suburb, is near a city. It is quieter and less crowded than an urban area. People usually live in houses with yards. Most people drive to get places. A rural area is less crowded than both urban and suburban areas. Houses are much more spread out. People usually have to drive to get places. People in rural areas often live on farms or ranches. Some places, like small towns, don't really fit into any of the types. A small town does not have as many people as an urban area, but it has more people than a rural area. It is not near a city, so it is not called a suburb.	There aren't as many cars or people in rural areas.
What does the allusion in this text suggest? Kurt seems to have the Midas touch. Without any special experience or training, he launched a thriving business and then established a well-respected charity.	[ "Kurt has a hands-on approach to his work.", "Kurt is successful at all that he does." ]	1		closed choice	grade10	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Interpret figures of speech	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. An allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature. "I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.	The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known. The allusion the Midas touch suggests that Kurt is successful at all that he does. In Greek mythology, King Midas has the power to turn anything he touches into gold, easily creating value from nothing.
Suppose Dana decides to make egg drop soup. Which result would be a cost?	[ "The egg drop soup will be tastier than the chicken soup would have been.", "Dana will spend more time making the egg drop soup than she would have spent making the chicken soup." ]	1	Dana is deciding whether to make egg drop soup or chicken soup for dinner. She wants dinner to be as tasty as possible. But she is also hungry and wants to eat soon.	closed choice	grade4	social science	economics	Basic economic principles	Costs and benefits	Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits. Costs are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need. Benefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.	This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Dana wants or needs: Dana will spend more time making the egg drop soup than she would have spent making the chicken soup.
Complete the statement. Potassium bromide is ().	[ "an elementary substance", "a compound" ]	1	In some countries, potassium bromide can be used as medicine to treat seizures. The chemical formula for potassium bromide is KBr.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	chemistry	Atoms and molecules	Classify elementary substances and compounds using chemical formulas	There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you. A substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds. Every chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be. The atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula. An elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol. The atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule. For example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms. A compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols. The chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula. For example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.	You can tell whether potassium bromide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters. The chemical formula for potassium bromide, KBr, contains two atomic symbols: K for potassium and Br for bromine. So, the formula tells you that potassium bromide is composed of two chemical elements bonded together. Since potassium bromide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, potassium bromide is a compound.
Which is the smoothest?	[ "nylon swim shorts", "rock wall", "sandpaper" ]	0		closed choice	grade4	natural science	physics	Materials	Compare properties of materials	Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials. A material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy. For example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.	Smooth is a property. A smooth material is not rough or bumpy. Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture. Of the choices, the nylon swim shorts are the smoothest. If you touch nylon fabric, it will not feel rough.
Choose the poem that uses alliteration.	[ "Snug in my easy chair,\nI stirred the fire to flame.\nFantastically fair\nThe flickering fancies came.", "When the cold dawn stood above the house-tops,\nToo late I remembered the cry\nIn the night of a wild bird flying\nThrough the rain-filled sky." ]	0	From Alice Corbin, "Apparitions" and from Wilfrid Wilson Gibson, "Fires"	closed choice	grade9	language science	reading-comprehension	Analyzing literature	Identify elements of poetry	Poets often use the sounds of words to create interesting effects and to express moods and emotions. Understanding these elements of poetry can help you better interpret and appreciate poetic forms. Anaphora is the repetition of words or sequences of words at the beginning of multiple phrases, sentences, or lines. Out of the cradle endlessly rocking, Out of the mocking-bird's throat, the musical shuttle, Out of the Ninth-month midnight —From Walt Whitman, "Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking" Onomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about. Sometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words: Tlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear. —From Alfred Noyes, "The Highwayman" Sometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words: Hark! the honey bee is humming. —From Mary Howitt, "The Voice of Spring" Alliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together. Where the wild men watched and waited Wolves in the forest, and bears in the bush. —From Bayard Taylor, "A Night with a Wolf" Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds. Often, assonance can create rhymes or near-rhymes within lines. I wandered lonely as a Cloud That floats on high o'er Vales and Hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host of golden Daffodils. —From William Wordsworth, "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" Meter is a poem's rhythm, or the pattern of strong and weak syllables. Strong syllables are stressed, while weak syllables are unstressed. A poem has an iambic meter when the beat sounds like da-DUM. A weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Occasionally, a line may begin with a strong syllable. He watches from his mountain walls, And like a thunderbolt he falls. —From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, "The Eagle" A poem has a trochaic meter when the beat sounds like DUM-da. A strong syllable is followed by a weak syllable. Occasionally, a line may end in a strong syllable. Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning, Soon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before. —From Edgar Allen Poe, "The Raven" Free verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern. The old bridge has a wrinkled face. He bends his back For us to go over. —From Hilda Conkling, "The Old Bridge" The syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.	This poem uses alliteration. It repeats beginning consonant sounds. I stirred the fire to flame. The flickering fancies came.
Select the animal.	[ "Hydrangea bushes can grow colorful flowers.", "Maple trees have star-shaped leaves.", "Snowy owls eat small animals.", "Rose bushes can grow colorful flowers." ]	2		closed choice	grade3	natural science	biology	Classification	Identify plants and animals	Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms. Plants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can. Animals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.	A rose bush is a plant. It can grow colorful flowers. Most rose bushes have sharp thorns. The thorns help protect the rose bush from being eaten by animals. A snowy owl is an animal. It eats small animals. Snowy owls live in cold places. Snowy owls have feathers on their feet to protect them from the cold. A maple tree is a plant. It has star-shaped leaves. Maple trees have green leaves in the spring and summer. In the fall, their leaves turn yellow, red, or brown. A hydrangea bush is a plant. It can grow colorful flowers. Hydrangea bushes can have blue, white, purple, or pink flowers.
Complete the sentence. The Second Amendment says that people have the right to own ().	[ "weapons", "private roads", "enslaved people", "homes" ]	0		closed choice	grade4	social science	civics	Government	The Bill of Rights		The Second Amendment says that the American people have the right to own weapons. In particular, it says that people can own "arms." The authors understood "arms" to include the type of weapons we now call guns. The complete text of the Second Amendment is below. According to the text, why is it important for Americans to have the right to own weapons? A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.
What does the euphemism in this text suggest? Mr. Stevenson is enjoying his golden years in a luxurious beachside community just down the street from his grandchildren.	[ "Mr. Stevenson lives near his family.", "Mr. Stevenson is old." ]	1		closed choice	grade10	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Interpret figures of speech	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. A euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic. The head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.	The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic. The euphemism golden years indicates that Mr. Stevenson is old. Golden years is a nicer way of referring to old age.
What do these two changes have in common? compost rotting chicken cooking in an oven	[ "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are caused by cooling.", "Both are caused by heating." ]	0		closed choice	grade8	natural science	chemistry	Chemical reactions	Compare physical and chemical changes	Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule. In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different. Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns. In a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same. A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water. The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.	Step 1: Think about each change. Compost forms from the remains of plants and animals, such as vegetable scraps and egg shells. Compost rotting is a chemical change. As the compost rots, it breaks down and turns into a different type of matter. Cooking chicken is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the chicken to change. Cooked chicken and raw chicken are different types of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different. Both are caused by heating. Cooking is caused by heating. But compost rotting is not. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.
Select the one substance that is not a mineral.	[ "Halite is formed in nature. It is a solid.", "A nutshell is not a pure substance. It is formed in nature.", "Gypsum is a solid. It is a pure substance." ]	1		closed choice	grade4	natural science	earth-science	Rocks and minerals	Identify minerals using properties	Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals. Minerals and rocks have the following properties: Property \| Mineral \| Rock It is a solid. \| Yes \| Yes It is formed in nature. \| Yes \| Yes It is not made by organisms. \| Yes \| Yes It is a pure substance. \| Yes \| No It has a fixed crystal structure. \| Yes \| No You can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither. Look closely at the last three properties: Minerals and rocks are not made by organisms. Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks. Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks. A mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not. A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures. A mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not. The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way. However, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!	Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals. Halite is a mineral. Gypsum is a mineral. A nutshell is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances. So, a nutshell is not a mineral.
What is the mass of a full box of cereal?	[ "18 tons", "18 ounces", "18 pounds" ]	1	Select the best estimate.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose customary units of mass	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Mass is a measurement of how much matter something contains. There are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons. There are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton. So, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton. A slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.	The best estimate for the mass of a full box of cereal is 18 ounces. 18 pounds and 18 tons are both too heavy.
Which figure of speech is used in this text? Magnified apples appear and disappear, Stem end and blossom end, And every fleck of russet showing clear. —Robert Frost, "After Apple-Picking"	[ "anaphora", "assonance" ]	1		closed choice	grade11	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Classify the figure of speech: anaphora, antithesis, apostrophe, assonance, chiasmus, understatement	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. Anaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses. We are united. We are powerful. We are winners. Antithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure. I want to help, not to hurt. Apostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity. Oh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully? Assonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words. Try to light the fire. Chiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words. Never let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you. Understatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is. As you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.	The text uses assonance, the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words. The words stem, end, every, and fleck share a vowel sound.
Is the following statement true or false? An animal cell does not have a cell wall.	[ "true", "false" ]	0		true-or false	grade4	natural science	biology	Cells	Cell part functions: true or false		An animal cell does not have a cell wall. This statement is true. A plant cell has a cell wall, but an animal cell does not. The cell wall gives a plant cell its fixed shape. Most animal cells do not have a fixed shape.
Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? fact - flood	[ "fiery", "fox" ]	0		closed choice	grade2	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since fiery is between the guide words fact - flood, it would be found on that page.
What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below? The sandy white beaches and turquoise waters make this Gulf of Mexico location its own little utopia.	[ "literature", "U.S. history" ]	0		closed choice	grade9	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Recall the source of an allusion	An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words. "I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked. Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.	The source of the allusion utopia is literature. Beginning with Sir Thomas More in 1516, countless authors have written about perfect worlds, or "utopias," often for the purpose of criticizing the societies in which they live. The allusion utopia means an ideal place.
Compare the motion of two humpback whales. Which humpback whale was moving at a lower speed?	[ "a humpback whale that moved 20miles in 10hours", "a humpback whale that moved 25miles in 10hours" ]	0		closed choice	grade2	natural science	physics	Force and motion	Compare the speeds of moving objects	An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time. Distance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile. Time tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour. Think about two objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving slower will go a shorter distance in that time. It is moving at a lower speed.	Look at the distance each humpback whale moved and the time it took to move that distance. One humpback whale moved 20 miles in 10 hours. The other humpback whale moved 25 miles in 10 hours. Notice that each humpback whale spent the same amount of time moving. The humpback whale that moved 20 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that humpback whale must have moved at a lower speed.
Which is the hardest?	[ "ice rink", "linen handkerchief", "silk kimono" ]	0		closed choice	grade4	natural science	physics	Materials	Compare properties of materials	Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials. A material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy. For example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.	Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger. Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture. Of the choices, the ice rink is the hardest. If you step on the ice at an ice rink, it will not change shape.
How long is a guitar?	[ "35 inches", "35 feet" ]	0	Select the better estimate.	closed choice	grade2	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose customary units of distance	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Imagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles? The number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing. Now look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches. There are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot. There are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard.	The better estimate for the length of a guitar is 35 inches. 35 feet is too long.
Is the following trait inherited or acquired? Mia has a scar on her right leg.	[ "acquired", "inherited" ]	0	Hint: Most scars are caused by accidents during a person's life.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	biology	Traits and heredity	Identify inherited and acquired traits	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.	Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.
Compare the motion of three ducks. Which duck was moving at the lowest speed?	[ "a duck that moved 430miles east in 10hours", "a duck that moved 525miles north in 10hours", "a duck that moved 555miles north in 10hours" ]	0		closed choice	grade3	natural science	physics	Force and motion	Compare the speeds of moving objects	An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time. Distance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the mile. Time tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour. Think about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.	Look at the distance each duck moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each duck moved does not affect its speed. Notice that each duck moved for 10 hours. The duck that moved 430 miles moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that duck must have moved at the lowest speed.
Which correctly shows the title of a TV show?	[ "*Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends*", "\"Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends\"" ]	0		closed choice	grade6	language science	punctuation	Formatting	Formatting titles	The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead. A Midsummer Night's Dream The title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks. "You Are My Sunshine"	A TV show should be in italics. The correct title is Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends.
What does this Works Cited entry indicate about the cited work? "Taxes Introduction." Shmoop. Shmoop University, n.d. Web. 2 Jan. 2014.	[ "It is a print source.", "It is a review.", "It is an online source." ]	2		closed choice	grade11	language science	reference-skills	Research skills	Understand a Works Cited entry (MLA 7th edition)	When writing research papers, you will often be asked to follow a particular style guide for your citations. One popular style guide is the Modern Language Association (MLA) Handbook. Below are the basic formats for some common types of Works Cited entries. Consult the MLA Handbook for a complete list. Books: Format \| Author(s). Book Title. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication. Example \| Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Dover Publications, 1995. Print. Essays, short stories, or poems in an anthology or book: Format \| Author(s). "Essay, Poem, or Short Story Title." Anthology or Book Title. Ed. Editor Name. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Page Number(s). Medium of Publication. Example \| James, Henry. "The Middle Years." The Oxford Book of American Short Stories. Ed. Joyce Carol Oates. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2013. 116-135. Print. Magazine and newspaper articles: Format \| Author(s). "Article Title." Title of Magazine or Newspaper Date of Publication: Page(s). Medium of Publication. Example \| Hayes, David J., and James H. Stock. "The Real Cost of Coal." New York Times 24 Mar. 2015: n. pag. Web. 25 Mar. 2015. Journal articles: Format \| Author(s). "Article Title." Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): Page(s). Medium of Publication. Example \| Gillette, Jane, et al. "Human Simulations of Vocabulary Learning." Cognition 73.2 (1999): 135-176. Print. Web pages: Format \| Author(s). "Page Title." Name of Website. Publisher, Date of Publication. Medium of Publication. Date of Access. Example \| Gunn, Janelle P., and Lauren E. Owens. "How to Slash Sodium from Your Diet." Livestrong.com. Demand Media, 30 Mar. 2015. Web. 31 Mar. 2015. Additional guidelines: Author Names. The first author's name is written in last name, first name format (Smith, Jane). Additional author names are written in first name last name format (Smith, Jane, and John Doe). If there are more than three authors, the first author's name is followed by "et al.," which stands for and others (e.g., Smith, Jane, et al.). Medium of Publication. Each entry must include information about what form the content was communicated in. The most common mediums are "Print" and "Web," but other possibilities include "Film," "E-mail," and "Lecture." Whenever the Medium of Publication is "Web," the date of access (the day, month, and year the webpage was viewed) must be listed directly after the Medium of Publication. Editors and Translators. If a work has an editor or a translator, this information must be added to the Works Cited entry using the appropriate abbreviation. "Ed." stands for edited by. "Trans." stands for translated by. Missing Information. If a work has no known author, the author section of the citation is simply left out. If a work has no available page numbers, the abbreviation "n. pag." is used instead. If a work has no available publication date, the abbreviation "n.d." is used instead. If a work has no available publisher or no available city of publication, the abbreviation "n.p." is used instead.	Look closely at the Works Cited entry: "Taxes Introduction." Shmoop. Shmoop University, n.d. Web. 2 Jan. 2014. You can tell that the cited work is an online source because "Web" is listed as the medium of publication.
What do these two changes have in common? acid rain weathering a marble statue milk going sour	[ "Both are caused by heating.", "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are caused by cooling." ]	1		closed choice	grade8	natural science	chemistry	Chemical reactions	Compare physical and chemical changes	Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule. In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different. Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns. In a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same. A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water. The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.	Step 1: Think about each change. Acid rain weathering a marble statue is a chemical change. The acid rain reacts with the outside of the statue and breaks it down into a different type of matter. This new matter is then washed away by the rain. Acid rain is a type of pollution. It forms when smoke from automobiles and factories mixes with water in clouds. Acid rain is a type of pollution. It forms when automobiles and factories release smoke containing sulfur or nitrogen. Some of these chemicals react with water in the atmosphere. The reaction forms droplets of water that can fall back to the ground as acid rain. Milk going sour is a chemical change. The type of matter in the milk slowly changes. The new matter that is formed gives the milk its sour taste. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.
Based on this information, what is Petunia's phenotype for the wool color trait?	[ "black wool", "white wool" ]	1	In a group of sheep, some individuals have white wool and others have black wool. In this group, the gene for the wool color trait has two alleles. The allele for black wool (l) is recessive to the allele for white wool (L). Petunia is a sheep from this group. Petunia has the homozygous genotype LL for the wool color gene.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive	All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait. For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. Some traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene. An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene. An organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene. The types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype. A dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers. A recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.	Petunia's genotype for the wool color gene is LL. Petunia's genotype of LL has only L allelles. The L allele is for white wool. So, Petunia's phenotype for the wool color trait must be white wool. To check this answer, consider whether Petunia's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for black wool (l) is recessive to the allele for white wool (L). This means L is a dominant allele, and l is a recessive allele. Petunia's genotype of LL has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Petunia's phenotype for the wool color trait must be white wool.
Which correctly shows the title of an article?	[ "\"State of the Art\"", "\"state of the Art\"" ]	0		closed choice	grade4	language science	capitalization	Formatting	Capitalizing titles	In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach These words are not important in titles: Articles, a, an, the Short prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up Coordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or	Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words of and the are not important, so they should not be capitalized. The correct title is "State of the Art."
Which closing is correct for a letter?	[ "Thank You,\nColton", "Thank you,\nColton" ]	1		closed choice	grade2	language science	capitalization	Capitalization	Greetings and closings of letters	A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue. Dear Aunt Sue, I'm glad you could come to my party, and thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have asked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think of you. With love, Rory	The second closing is correct: Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.
Which change better matches the sentence? Water moves loose pieces of rock.	[ "drought", "erosion" ]	1		closed choice	grade2	natural science	earth-science	Earth events	Classify changes to Earth's surface
Read the following text from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her sentence fluency? Our school needs to serve better food for lunch. Our lunches should be delicious. Our lunches should be nutritious. Our lunches should be satisfying. One way to achieve this would be to have a salad bar available. Salad bars can contain far more than just lettuce. Fresh fruits can be included in a salad bar. Fresh vegetables can be included. Different kinds of meats and cheeses can be included, too. Even pasta can be stocked in a salad bar. With these healthy options, students can make their own tasty lunches.	[ "by using shorter sentences", "by combining sentences containing related information" ]	1		closed choice	grade6	language science	writing-strategies	Editing and revising	Suggest appropriate revisions	When you review a fellow student's writing, try to make your feedback clear and specific. You can use questions such as the following to guide your feedback: Ideas and development: Does the writer express a clear main idea and develop it with evidence, examples, and analysis? Organization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that the ideas build on one another and are easy to follow? Sentence fluency: Do the writer's sentences vary in structure and length, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive? Word choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely, avoiding excessive repetition or inappropriate language to create clear, effective, and engaging writing? Grammar and mechanics: Does the writer use accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?	The writer could best improve his or her sentence fluency by combining sentences containing related information. For example, the writer could combine the underlined groups of sentences into sentences like Our lunches should be delicious, nutritious, and satisfying and Fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, and different kinds of meats and cheeses can be included in a salad bar. Our school needs to serve better food for lunch. Our lunches should be delicious. Our lunches should be nutritious. Our lunches should be satisfying. One way to achieve this would be to have a salad bar available. Salad bars can contain far more than just lettuce. Fresh fruits can be included in a salad bar. Fresh vegetables can be included. Different kinds of meats and cheeses can be included, too. Even pasta can be stocked in a salad bar. With these healthy options, students can make their own tasty lunches.
Which text uses the word peruse in its traditional sense?	[ "Before returning to the stockroom, Marco briefly perused the nails in the hardware aisle to see if anything needed to be restocked.", "Marco perused the nails in the hardware aisle for almost an hour, trying to figure out which type would be best for his project." ]	1		closed choice	grade9	language science	writing-strategies	Word usage and nuance	Explore words with new or contested usages	Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner. When a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences. Britney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam. The traditional usage above is considered more standard. David perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages. The nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.	The first text uses peruse in its traditional sense: to examine in detail. Marco perused the nails in the hardware aisle for almost an hour, trying to figure out which type would be best for his project. The second text uses peruse in its nontraditional sense: to look through in a casual manner. Before returning to the stockroom, Marco briefly perused the nails in the hardware aisle to see if anything needed to be restocked. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word peruse because it is considered more standard.
Using only these supplies, which question can Cassie investigate with an experiment?	[ "Do candles with thick wicks or with thin wicks produce more smoke?", "Do large candles or small candles produce more smoke?", "Do scented candles or unscented candles produce more smoke?" ]	0	Cassie is burning some new candles. She notices that they produce different amounts of smoke. She wonders what factors affect how much smoke a candle produces. So, she decides to design an experiment. She has the following supplies available: two large unscented candles with thick wicks two large unscented candles with thin wicks a box of matches	closed choice	grade7	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Designing experiments	Identify questions that can be investigated with a set of materials	Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment. Imagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment? First, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available. Next, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick. So, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!
Is this a run-on sentence? A helium-filled balloon called the Double Eagle II completed the first transatlantic balloon flight in history in 1978, it landed in a barley field near Paris about 140 hours after lifting off from Presque Isle, Maine.	[ "no", "yes" ]	1		yes or no	grade12	language science	writing-strategies	Sentences, fragments, and run-ons	Identify run-on sentences	A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks. A run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks. There are several ways to fix a run-on sentence: Use stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks. Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks. Use a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.	This is a run-on sentence. It is a comma splice formed from two sentences run together, joined by just a comma. A helium-filled balloon called the Double Eagle II completed the first transatlantic balloon flight in history in 1978, it landed in a barley field near Paris about 140 hours after lifting off from Presque Isle, Maine. Here is one way to fix the run-on sentence: A helium-filled balloon called the Double Eagle II completed the first transatlantic balloon flight in history in 1978. It landed in a barley field near Paris about 140 hours after lifting off from Presque Isle, Maine.
Suppose Andrew decides to buy a copy of the book. Which result would be a cost?	[ "Andrew will spend money to buy the book.", "Andrew will get to keep the book as long as he wants." ]	0	Andrew is deciding whether to buy a copy of a book or borrow it from the library. He would like to be able to keep the book as long as he wants, but buying the book would cost money. He could borrow the book for free, but he would have to return it in a few weeks.	closed choice	grade5	social science	economics	Basic economic principles	Costs and benefits	Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits. Costs are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need. Benefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.	This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Andrew wants or needs: Andrew will spend money to buy the book.
Which tense does the sentence use? The woman hammers the nails.	[ "present tense", "past tense", "future tense" ]	0		closed choice	grade3	language science	verbs	Verb tense	Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense?	Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now. Most present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es. Two verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms. Past tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened. Most past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed. Some verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms. Future tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen. All future-tense verbs use the word will. Present \| Past \| Future walk, walks \| walked \| will walk go, goes \| went \| will go	The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, hammers. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.
Which greeting is correct for a letter?	[ "Dear Mr. Carson,", "Dear Mr. carson," ]	0		closed choice	grade3	language science	punctuation	Formatting	Greetings and closings of letters	A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue. Dear Aunt Sue, I'm glad you could come to my party, and thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have asked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think of you. With love, Rory	The first greeting is correct: Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Mr. Carson is capitalized because it is a proper noun.
Assume all other forces on the television are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on the television?	[ "The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on the television.", "The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on the television." ]	1	Luke is trying to lift a heavy old television. He is pulling up on the television with a force of 500N. Earth's gravity is pulling down on the television with a force of 500N.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	physics	Velocity, acceleration, and forces	Balanced and unbalanced forces	A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces. When opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object. When opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.	To determine if there is a net force on the television, look at the forces: Luke is pulling the television up with a force of 500 N. Earth's gravity is pulling the television down with a force of 500 N. The forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 500 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so there is no net force on the television.
Is the following statement true or false? An animal cell has a cell wall.	[ "true", "false" ]	1		true-or false	grade4	natural science	biology	Cells	Cell part functions: true or false		An animal cell has a cell wall. This statement is false. A plant cell has a cell wall, but an animal cell does not. The cell wall gives a plant cell its fixed shape. Most animal cells do not have a fixed shape.
Ethan starts to pull the wagon across the yard. To move the wagon at the same speed each time, which friend does Ethan need to pull with a larger force?	[ "a friend who weighs 21 pounds", "a friend who weighs 28 pounds" ]	1	Ethan gives two friends a ride in his wagon. One friend sits in the wagon at a time.	closed choice	grade2	natural science	physics	Force and motion	How do mass and force affect motion?	A force is a push or a pull. A force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction. Forces can be different sizes. Think about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.	Look for the friend who is heavier. A friend who weighs 28 pounds is heavier than a friend who weighs 21 pounds. So, to move the wagon at the same speed each time, Ethan needs to use a larger force to start moving the wagon with a friend who weighs 28 pounds.
Is the following trait inherited or acquired? Melissa plays basketball.	[ "acquired", "inherited" ]	0	Hint: Playing basketball takes practice.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	biology	Traits and heredity	Identify inherited and acquired traits	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.	People are not born knowing how to play basketball. Instead, some people learn how to play basketball. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing basketball is an acquired trait.
Which set of instructions is more formal?	[ "Wash hands, utensils, and work surfaces after touching raw meat or poultry.", "If you're going to be touching raw meat or poultry, you'd better wash your hands, forks, knives, and cutting boards afterward." ]	0		closed choice	grade11	language science	writing-strategies	Audience, purpose, and tone	Which text is most formal?	Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions. Formal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language. Compare the following sentences. Informal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome. More formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners. Most formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.	The second set of instructions is more formal. It uses more impersonal language and a direct command (wash utensils). The other set of instructions uses more conversational language (if you're going to be touching, you'd better).
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? The wind is weak today in Dover, Delaware.	[ "weather", "climate" ]	0	Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	earth-science	Weather and climate	What's the difference between weather and climate?	The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.	Read the text carefully. The wind is weak today in Dover, Delaware. This passage tells you about the wind speed in Dover today. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.
Would you find the word who on a dictionary page with the following guide words? wake - wildlife	[ "yes", "no" ]	0		yes or no	grade2	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since who is between the guide words wake - wildlife, it would be found on that page.
Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? led - log	[ "laugh", "lime" ]	1		closed choice	grade2	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since lime is between the guide words led - log, it would be found on that page.
Which logical fallacy is used in the text? Ava said there's no way Scotland's Loch Ness Monster is real, but she's not even Scottish, so there's no way she could really know.	[ "straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against", "false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist", "ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself" ]	2		closed choice	grade9	language science	writing-strategies	Developing and supporting arguments	Classify logical fallacies	A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions. A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information: Fallacy \| Description ad hominem \| an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself appeal to nature \| an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice bandwagon fallacy \| an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice circular reasoning \| an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself guilt by association \| an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand: Fallacy \| Description false causation \| the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other false dichotomy \| an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist hasty generalization \| a broad claim based on too few observations slippery slope fallacy \| the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences straw man \| a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against	The text argues that Ava's claim that the Loch Ness Monster isn't real is not valid because she's not Scottish. This is a personal attack on Ava's background that isn't relevant to whether her claim is valid. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.
What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below? Gwen told her friends that Mark was a typical Peter Pan type.	[ "a song", "literature" ]	1		closed choice	grade10	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Recall the source of an allusion	An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words. "I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked. Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.	The source of the allusion Peter Pan is literature. In a J. M. Barrie novel, the character Peter Pan retreats to Neverland and refuses to grow up. The allusion Peter Pan means a person who won't take on adult responsibilities.
Based on this information, what is Marina's phenotype for the tail spots trait?	[ "a spotted tail", "an unspotted tail" ]	1	In a group of guppies, some individuals have a spotted tail and others have an unspotted tail. In this group, the gene for the tail spots trait has two alleles. The allele for a spotted tail (I) is dominant over the allele for an unspotted tail (i). Marina is a guppy from this group. Marina has the homozygous genotype ii for the tail spots gene.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive	All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait. For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. Some traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene. An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene. An organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene. The types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype. A dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers. A recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.	Marina's genotype for the tail spots gene is ii. Marina's genotype of ii has only i alleles. The i allele is for an unspotted tail. So, Marina's phenotype for the tail spots trait must be an unspotted tail. To check this answer, consider whether Marina's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for a spotted tail (I) is dominant over the allele for an unspotted tail (i). This means I is a dominant allele, and i is a recessive allele. Marina's genotype of ii has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Marina's phenotype for the tail spots trait must be an unspotted tail.
Is the following trait inherited or acquired? Regan plays hockey.	[ "acquired", "inherited" ]	0		closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Traits and heredity	Identify inherited and acquired traits	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.	People are not born knowing how to play hockey. Instead, some people learn how to play hockey. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing hockey is an acquired trait.
What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below? Max spoke at the city council meeting, claiming the new recycling regulations were draconian.	[ "Greek history", "a fable" ]	0		closed choice	grade11	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Recall the source of an allusion	An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words. The protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose. The word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.	The source of the allusion draconian is Greek history. Draco, a government official in seventh-century Athens, Greece, wrote a code of laws that called for severe punishments for even minor offenses. The allusion draconian means harsh.
What is the volume of a large trash can?	[ "17 fluid ounces", "17 cups", "17 gallons" ]	2	Select the best estimate.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose customary units of volume	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Volume is a measurement of how much space something takes up. There are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons. As the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon. A glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.	The best estimate for the volume of a large trash can is 17 gallons. 17 fluid ounces and 17 cups are both too little.
Which object has the most thermal energy?	[ "a cookie at a temperature of 62°F", "a cookie at a temperature of 85°F", "a cookie at a temperature of 94°F" ]	2	The objects are identical except for their temperatures.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	physics	Heat and thermal energy	How is temperature related to thermal energy?	All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy. Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.	All three cookies have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 94°F cookie is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.
Select the fish.	[ "horned frog", "cassowary", "Amazon tree boa", "tiger shark" ]	3		closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Classification	Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians	Fish live underwater. They have fins, not limbs.	An Amazon tree boa is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. Tree boas eat small mammals, birds, lizards, and frogs. Tree boas only need to eat once every few months! A cassowary is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. Cassowaries have wings, but they cannot fly! They can run very fast. A horned frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Frogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water. A tiger shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Tiger sharks are nocturnal. This means that they are active mostly at night.
What is the temperature of a warm loaf of bread?	[ "60°C", "60°F" ]	0	Select the better estimate.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Estimate temperatures	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Temperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (°F) or Celsius (°C). Use the list below to compare the two units. 212°F \| Water boils \| 100°C 98.6°F \| Body temperature \| 37°C 68°F \| Room temperature \| 20°C 32°F \| Water freezes \| 0°C	The better estimate for the temperature of a warm loaf of bread is 60°C. 60°F is too cold.
Which is stickier?	[ "tape", "ice cube" ]	0		closed choice	grade2	natural science	physics	Materials	Compare properties of materials	Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials. A material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.	Sticky is a property. A sticky material can stick to other things. Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture. Of the choices, the tape is stickier. If you touch a piece of tape, it will stick to you.
What information supports the conclusion that Mark inherited this trait?	[ "Mark's friend also has hazel eyes.", "Mark wears glasses and so do his sisters.", "Mark's biological father wears contacts in his hazel eyes." ]	2	Read the description of a trait. Mark has hazel eyes.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.
Select the mammal.	[ "hippopotamus", "great white shark", "arroyo toad", "great crested newt" ]	0		closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Classification	Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians	Mammals have hair or fur and feed their young milk.	An arroyo toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Toads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole. A great crested newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Some newts live in water. Other newts live on land but lay their eggs in water. A great white shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Great white sharks can live for up to 70 years. A hippopotamus is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Hippopotamuses keep cool by lying in mud or water.
Using only these supplies, which question can Tessa investigate with an experiment?	[ "Will eight ounces of carbonated water or eight ounces of tap water get warmer when placed in a jar in the sun?", "When placed in the sun, will eight ounces of water in a glass jar or eight ounces of water in a plastic cup get warmer?", "When placed in the sun, will eight ounces of water in a closed jar or eight ounces of water in an open jar get warmer?" ]	2	Tessa leaves a glass jar of cold tea outside in full sunlight. When she goes to get it, she notices that the tea is warm. She wonders what factors affect how warm a liquid gets from sitting in the sunlight. So, she decides to design an experiment. She has the following supplies available: two identical glass jars two jar lids tap water a measuring cup two thermometers	closed choice	grade6	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Designing experiments	Identify questions that can be investigated with a set of materials	Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment. Imagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment? First, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available. Next, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick. So, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!
Based on this information, what is Digby's phenotype for the fur color trait?	[ "brown fur", "black fur" ]	0	In a group of Labrador retrievers, some individuals have black fur and others have brown fur. In this group, the gene for the fur color trait has two alleles. The allele for brown fur (f) is recessive to the allele for black fur (F). Digby is a Labrador retriever from this group. Digby has the homozygous genotype ff for the fur color gene.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive	All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait. For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. Some traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene. An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene. An organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene. The types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype. A dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers. A recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.	Digby's genotype for the fur color gene is ff. Digby's genotype of ff has only f alleles. The f allele is for brown fur. So, Digby's phenotype for the fur color trait must be brown fur. To check this answer, consider whether Digby's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for brown fur (f) is recessive to the allele for black fur (F). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele. Digby's genotype of ff has only recessive alleles. An organism with only recessive alleles for a gene will have the recessive allele's version of the trait. So, Digby's phenotype for the fur color trait must be brown fur.
What information supports the conclusion that Jon acquired this trait?	[ "Jon learned to identify insects by reading many books about insects.", "Jon likes to look at butterflies and beetles." ]	0	Read the description of a trait. Jon is good at identifying insects.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	biology	Heredity	Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.
Select the reptile.	[ "mandarinfish", "bull shark", "leaf-tailed gecko", "eastern newt" ]	2		closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Classification	Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians	Reptiles have scaly, waterproof skin. Most reptiles live on land.	A leaf-tailed gecko is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. Many geckos have special pads on their toes. The pads help them climb up plants and rocks. A bull shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Bull sharks can live in both fresh and salt water. They are found in rivers and in shallow parts of the ocean. A mandarinfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Mandarinfish often live near coral reefs. They eat small worms, snails, and fish eggs. An eastern newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Some newts live in water. Other newts live on land but lay their eggs in water.
Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? kangaroo - kitten	[ "kerosene", "knight" ]	0		closed choice	grade6	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since kerosene is between the guide words kangaroo - kitten, it would be found on that page.
How long is a basketball court?	[ "32 miles", "32 feet", "32 yards", "32 inches" ]	2	Select the best estimate.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose customary units of distance, mass, and volume	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. When you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles. There are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile. A football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.	The best estimate for the length of a basketball court is 32 yards. 32 inches and 32 feet are too short. 32 miles is too long.
Read the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her organization? When I worked on my grandparents' farm one summer, I spent a lot of time caring for animals—feeding chickens and pigs, milking cows, and grooming horses. I decided to become a vegetarian. As a vegetarian, I eat lots of fruit, vegetables, grains, and dairy products. At first, I thought it would be hard to eat enough food to feel full, but that hasn't been the case. Beans and cheese are my main sources of protein now, and they keep me full for hours. I'm so thankful that I can express my love of animals—all animals—by not eating them.	[ "by making a general statement before giving specific examples", "by adding a transition between the first two sentences", "by reordering to keep related ideas together" ]	1		closed choice	grade12	language science	writing-strategies	Editing and revising	Suggest appropriate revisions	During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision: Ideas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis? Organization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow? Voice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay? Sentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive? Word choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing? Grammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?	The writer could best improve his or her organization by adding a transition between the first two sentences. For example, the writer could provide a smoother transition between the first two sentences by adding text such as After realizing how much I love animals, I couldn't bear the idea of eating meat anymore. When I worked on my grandparents' farm one summer, I spent a lot of time caring for animals—feeding chickens and pigs, milking cows, and grooming horses. I decided to become a vegetarian. As a vegetarian, I eat lots of fruit, vegetables, grains, and dairy products. At first, I thought it would be hard to eat enough food to feel full, but that hasn't been the case. Beans and cheese are my main sources of protein now, and they keep me full for hours. I'm so thankful that I can express my love of animals—all animals—by not eating them.
Which figure of speech is used in this text? Carson's room is as tidy as an overgrown garden.	[ "verbal irony", "pun" ]	0		closed choice	grade6	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Classify figures of speech	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. Alliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words. What a lucky little lady you are! An allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature. "I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked. An idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned. The assignment was a piece of cake. A simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike. The cat's fur was as dark as the night. A metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as. The snow formed a blanket over the town. Onomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound. The scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat. Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. The trees danced in the wind. A pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning. A great new broom is sweeping the nation. Verbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic. Olivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down. Each breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.	The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different. As tidy as an overgrown garden shows verbal irony because an overgrown garden is not tidy.
Compare the motion of three speedboats. Which speedboat was moving at the highest speed?	[ "a speedboat that moved 235kilometers east in 5hours", "a speedboat that moved 390kilometers east in 5hours", "a speedboat that moved 330kilometers south in 5hours" ]	1		closed choice	grade3	natural science	physics	Force and motion	Compare the speeds of moving objects	An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time. Distance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer. Time tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour. Think about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the fastest will go the farthest distance in that time. It is moving at the highest speed.	Look at the distance each speedboat moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each speedboat moved does not affect its speed. Notice that each speedboat moved for 5 hours. The speedboat that moved 390 kilometers moved the farthest distance in that time. So, that speedboat must have moved at the highest speed.
What information supports the conclusion that Joel acquired this trait?	[ "Joel learned how to knit in an after school program.", "Joel knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn." ]	0	Read the description of a trait. Joel knows how to knit sweaters.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	biology	Traits and heredity	Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.
What does the euphemism in this text suggest? Mr. Pruitt is enjoying his golden years in a luxurious beachside community just down the street from his grandchildren.	[ "Mr. Pruitt lives near his family.", "Mr. Pruitt is old." ]	1		closed choice	grade10	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Interpret figures of speech	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. A euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic. The head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.	The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic. The euphemism golden years indicates that Mr. Pruitt is old. Golden years is a nicer way of referring to old age.
Complete the sentence so that it uses personification. The () sun beat down upon the heads of the construction workers.	[ "cruel", "hot" ]	0		closed choice	grade10	language science	writing-strategies	Creative techniques	Use personification	Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point. The trees danced in the wind. The word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.	Complete the sentence with the word cruel. It describes the sun as if it were a mean person.

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