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::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the seedling stage stage, it looks like a living telephone pole | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the seedling stage stage, it may become infected with a fungus | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the mature stage stage, it may become infected with a fungus | entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the grass stage stage, it looks like a living telephone pole | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the grass stage stage, it may become infected with a fungus | entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the sapling stage stage, it may become infected with the red heart fungus | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the mature stage stage, it is suspectble to fire | entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the bottle brush stage stage, it is suspectble to fire | entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the seedling stage stage, it may become infected with the red heart fungus | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the seedling stage stage, it is suspectble to fire | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the sapling stage stage, it is suspectble to fire | entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the sapling stage stage, it is suspectble to fire | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the grass stage stage, it is suspectble to fire | entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the grass stage stage, it is suspectble to fire | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the mature stage stage, it is suspectble to fire | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the bottle brush stage stage, it may become infected with the red heart fungus | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the bottle brush stage stage, it is suspectble to fire | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the grass stage stage, it may become infected with the red heart fungus | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the seedling stage stage, it is suspectble to fire | entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the mature stage stage, it may become infected with the red heart fungus | entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the bottle brush stage stage, it is less suspectble to fire | entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the sapling stage stage, it is less suspectble to fire | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the sapling stage stage, it is less suspectble to fire | entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the mature stage stage, it may become when it may get infected with a fungus called brown spot needle | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the grass stage stage, it may become when it may get infected with a fungus called brown spot needle | entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the mature stage stage, it is less suspectble to fire | entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the bottle brush stage stage, it may become when it may get infected with a fungus called brown spot needle | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the grass stage stage, it is less suspectble to fire | entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the grass stage stage, it is less suspectble to fire | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the sapling stage stage, it may become when it may get infected with a fungus called brown spot needle | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the mature stage stage, it is less suspectble to fire | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the seedling stage stage, it may become when it may get infected with a fungus called brown spot needle | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the seedling stage stage, it is less suspectble to fire | entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the seedling stage stage, it is less suspectble to fire | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the bottle brush stage stage, it is less suspectble to fire | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the bottle brush stage stage, it is suspectble to fire | entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the mature stage stage, it resembles a three to four-foot bottlebrush | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the seedling stage stage, it resembles a three to four-foot bottlebrush | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the grass stage stage, it resembles a three to four-foot bottlebrush | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the sapling stage stage, it resembles a three to four-foot bottlebrush | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the sapling stage stage, it is suspectble to fire | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the mature stage stage, it is suspectble to fire | entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the grass stage stage, it is suspectble to fire | entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the bottle brush stage stage, it resembles a three to four-foot bottlebrush | entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the bottle brush stage stage, it is suspectble to fire | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the mature stage stage, it is suspectble to fire | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the sapling stage stage, it is suspectble to fire | entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the grass stage stage, it is suspectble to fire | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the seedling stage stage, it is suspectble to fire | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Seedling Stage:: After falling from the tree in October to late November, winged seeds whirl to the forest floor and await adequate moisture before germination. In heavy mast years, a rain shortly after seed fall will yield a green blanket of germinants on the forest floor. Seeds either germinate within a few weeks after falling or they die. Although seeds will germinate almost anywhere (on rocks, logs, forest mulch), they generally need to land on mineral soil to survive subsequent droughty periods. During this first stage, the seedlings are very susceptible to fire, drought and predation and will take upwards to a year to reach the next life stage. ::stage Grass Stage:: The grass stage is an inconspicuous yet unique stage of a longleaf pine's life history where the seedling resembles a clump of grass more than a tree, hence the name. During the grass stage, the growing tip (bud) of the tree is protected under a thick arrangement of needles at ground level. When fires sweep through, the needles may burn but the tip of the bud remains protected. New needles quickly replace those that were burned off. During the grass stage, longleaf pine seedlings are virtually immune to fire. At the grass stage, although the tree will not be growing upwards, the seedling will be putting down an impressive root system underground. Also during the grass stage, longleaf may become infected with a fungus called brown spot needle blight. Brown spot causes the needles to brown, fall off, and hamper growth. Repeated defoliation will cause the seedling to die. The grass stage may last anywhere from one to seven years depending on the degree of competition with other plants for resources. Rare instances of 20 years have been documented. ::stage Bottle Brush Stage:: When the diameter of the root collar (that area right at ground level) reaches 1-inch, the longleaf grass stage will begin to initiate height growth. Beginning in about late February to mid-March, a single, white growing tip will emerge upwards from the protective sheath of needles. This white tip, called a candle, may grow a few feet in just a few months. By about late May, green needles begin to emerge from the candle and the candle begins to turn scaly and brown as bark begins to form. At this point, the longleaf is growing proportionally more in height then it is in diameter. There are no branches spreading out horizontally during this time causing the tree to look like a three to four-foot bottlebrush. By growing rapidly in a short period of time, the seedling is able to secure an advantageous position to gather sunlight and to get its growing tip above the frequent fires. However, during this stage of growth, longleaf pine trees are slightly more vulnerable to fire. It may take a year or so before the bark thickens enough to withstand most fires. The longleaf may remain in this stage for a couple of years. ::stage Sapling Stage:: When the longleaf reaches about 6 to 10 feet in height, lateral branches begin to emerge and signal the beginning of the sapling stage. Diameter increases and bark thickens modestly, but the tree continues to grow in height at upwards of 3 feet per year. Around late February to mid-March white growing tips can be seen extending upwards from the tufted needles at the end of the branches. As the tree grows taller and the bark becomes thicker, the longleaf becomes less susceptible to fire. After the tree reaches 8 feet in height and about 2 inches in diameter at ground level, it becomes very robust and is rarely killed by fire. The tree will remain in this stage for several years. ::stage Mature Stage:: Somewhere around 30 years after height growth initiation, trees begin to produce cones with fertile seeds. As the forest begins to mature, lower limbs may be shed or pruned off by fire. The trunk of the tree begins to fill out into a straight, relatively branch free tree that resembles a living telephone pole (in fact, many longleaf pines are sold for telephone poles). On more fertile soils, the tree may continue to grow in height up to 110 feet. On poorer soils, the tree may only grow to 60 feet. After about 70 -100 years longleaf essentially ceases height growth. During the later stages of this period, trees may begin to show signs of decay and rot. In particular, longleaf pine reaching 80 years in age may become infected with a fungus called red heart that causes the otherwise dense heart of the tree to become punky, soft, sappy and full of small channels | In the seedling stage stage, it is suspectble to fire | entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the young stage, it has feathers | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the chick stage, it has feathers | entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the baby stage, it starts breeding | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the juvenile stage, it starts breeding | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the parent stage, it starts breeding | entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the juvenile stage, it has feathers | entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the adult stage, it has feathers | entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the young stage, it starts breeding | entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the adult stage, it starts breeding | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the parent stage, it has feathers | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the chick stage, it starts breeding | entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the juvenile stage, it has feathers | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the egg stage, it has feathers | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the young stage, it starts breeding | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the adult stage, it starts breeding | entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the parent stage, it has feathers | entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the baby stage, it has feathers | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the egg stage, it has feathers | entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the chick stage, it has feathers | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the chick stage, it starts breeding | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the baby stage, it starts breeding | entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the juvenile stage, it starts breeding | entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the adult stage, it has feathers | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the egg stage, it starts breeding | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the young stage, it has feathers | entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the baby stage, it has feathers | entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the parent stage, it starts breeding | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the parent stage,it has feathers | entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the egg stage,it depends on its parent for food | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the chick stage,it has feathers | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the young stage,it has feathers | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the juvenile stage,it depends on its parent for food | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the baby stage,it depends on its parent for food | entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the young stage,it depends on its parent for food | entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the baby stage,it has feathers | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the chick stage,it has feathers | entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the egg stage,it has feathers | entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the adult stage,it depends on its parent for food | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the parent stage,it depends on its parent for food | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the juvenile stage,it has feathers | entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the baby stage,it has feathers | entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the chick stage,it depends on its parent for food | entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the egg stage,it has feathers | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the parent stage,it has feathers | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the adult stage,it has feathers | entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the parent stage,it depends on its parent for food | entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the juvenile stage,it has feathers | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the adult stage,it depends on its parent for food | entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the chick stage,it depends on its parent for food | not_entailment | indicator |
::stage Adult:: An adult penguin can reproduce only when they are between 3 and 8 years old, but normally penguins start breeding at the age of five. Smaller penguin species tend to reach sexual maturity earlier than the larger penguin species. Larger penguin species like King Penguin can breed twice in three years as they have 16 months of breeding cycle, whereas a little penguin can breed anytime throughout the year. All of them come on bare ground to lay eggs, while the Emperor penguins lay eggs on ice. In the month of March, the penguins travel 90-100 km inland in search of the 'perfect site' for breeding. It is a very risky journey, because those who are left behind, fall prey to predators or may even die of starvation. When the pengunis have finalized a site, in April they start mating. The penguins find their soulmates through singing and it is up to the males to attract females, and the females choose their partners accordingly. Penguins are monogamous creatures as they live with the same partner throughout their life. ::stage Egg:: A few weeks after mating, the female penguin lays 1 or 2 eggs. After laying eggs the females transfer the eggs to their male partners. In June-July, the males place the egg on their feet and incubate it. This transfer is the most important phase because, if the eggs break they can mate only in the next year, but usually during this transfer almost 20% of eggs break. The females search for food while the males incubate the eggs and wait for the partner to return. And once the female penguin returns, the penguins exchange their roles; the female incubates the egg while the male goes for food hunting. This is the most unique feature in the penguin's life cycle. In no other species of animals or birds are the fathers known to take care of their little ones. The penguin fathers are very loving, they fast for almost two months till their female partners return. During cold winds they form a close circle, to save heat for their offspring. ::stage Chick:: The eggs hatch sometime near August. It takes three days to hatch the eggs and as soon as the juvenile (baby penguin) comes out of its egg it starts calling, so that the parents learn to recognize the voice. The chicks are either brown or black in color and they have feathers that are not waterproof, so the juvenile penguin stays on land until it gets mature. During this time (in the month of September) the females return and feed the chicks by regurgitating while the males go for feeding. The male and female take turns to feed the chicks. This is repeated almost six times. It takes seven weeks to thirteen months for the chick to develop and get the waterproof feathers. When the chick is strong enough, both the parents go together for feeding. The adult penguin is no more dependent on its parents and hunts for food on its own. Finally in the month of December the families leave for the sea. One advantage of this cycle is, by the time the chicks are ready to swim, it is summer and the sea is abundant with food. In the next year, the same cycle is repeated; the adults start their journey, while the young ones stay on the shore. | In the young stage,it depends on its parent for food | not_entailment | indicator |
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