labels
class label 2
classes | premise
stringlengths 0
563k
| hypothesis
stringlengths 18
65
| task
stringlengths 3
43
|
|---|---|---|---|
2contradiction
| BREAKING: At least 10 killed in shooting at French satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo, Paris prosecutor's office says. http://t.co/mnAeA7j7fY
“@cnni: At least 10 killed in shooting at French satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo, Paris prosecutor's office says. http://t.co/CjpubYd0Rk” | This example is deny. | rumoureval_2019/RumourEval2019 |
0entailment
| Every female-dominated job: low skill; minimal education required; not much physical exertion; indoors; tightly controlled hours. | This example is hate_speech. | ethos/binary |
2contradiction
| @user I would never strategically vote for someone I don't agree with. A lot of the Clinton vote based on fear and negativity. | This example is sadness. | tweet_eval/emotion |
0entailment
| This account was temporarily inactive due to an irrational woman reporting us to Twitter. What a lack of judgement, shocking. #YesAllMen | This example is hate. | tweet_eval/hate |
0entailment
| When we stop accepting crumbs in the name of love, only then we can equally appreciate the silence of solitude & festivity of loving. | This example is non_irony. | tweet_eval/irony |
2contradiction
| @user The best hope for gun control is banning bullet proof backpacks... Because why do they need it if they are not a terrorist? | This example is offensive. | tweet_eval/offensive |
0entailment
| Having a day off today yesterday went absolutely terribly and I was at foo fighters last night so will be back tomorrow. Enjoy your Sunday's | This example is negative. | tweet_eval/sentiment |
2contradiction
| @user No. It's absurd to refer to healthcare that saves pregnant people's lives as "killing. #SemST | This example is none. | tweet_eval/stance_abortion |
0entailment
| RT @user Lord, let me prosper like Abraham -Gen. 24:35 #SemST | This example is against. | tweet_eval/stance_atheism |
0entailment
| RT @user 700 people dead in Pakistan due to heatwave. #SemST | This example is favor. | tweet_eval/stance_climate |
2contradiction
| #HowToSpotAFeminist?-> 3 Feminists believe in rape culture instead of their erotomania + delusions of persecution. #SemST | This example is none. | tweet_eval/stance_feminist |
2contradiction
| Despite today's ruling, our struggle to end LGBT discrimination is also far from finished - @user #VirginiaJJ #SemST | This example is none. | tweet_eval/stance_hillary |
0entailment
| I my city! #luckygirl #sandiego #sunrise #sheratonsandiego… | This example is 💜. | tweet_eval/emoji |
2contradiction
| I also agree re: the show's best moments, which generally get at the pretty dark scene inside Hannah's head.
Though, this season actually exhibited more growing pains than the first, which seemed to emerge from Dunham's head almost fully formed. | This example is nonetheless. | discovery/discovery |
2contradiction
| well, it sure is. | This example is Yes-No-Question. | pragmeval/switchboard |
0entailment
| very surprising. | This example is Assessment/Appreciation. | pragmeval/mrda |
0entailment
| flight attendants are on the intercom from take-off to landing selling everything from mastercards to sandwiches. | This example is unverifiable. | pragmeval/verifiability |
0entailment
| magic mushrooms were found in a buckingham palace garden
magic mushrooms found on buckingham palace grounds | This example is for. | pragmeval/emergent |
2contradiction
| as an example , research shows that greater diversity within a community or group can lead to improved critical thinking [ 1 ] and more creative solutions to complex tasks [ 2 , 3 ]
by pairing together individuals with unique skillsets and perspectives that complement and often augment the abilities of their peers . | This example is purpose. | pragmeval/gum |
0entailment
| in august, for example, it completed the $110 million acquisition of reliance universal inc., a u.s. maker of industrial coatings for wood, metals and plastics, from tyler corp
akzo is likely to see strong profit growth from coatings as it realizes cost savings and other benefits from its greater scale | This example is Cause. | pragmeval/pdtb |
0entailment
| rennoc, full of clay i'm afraid.
depending on what you have | This example is Contrast. | pragmeval/stac |
0entailment
| the only stupid gun laws are the laws that arent strict enoughlike the law that gun nuts wanted that would allow children to tote around assault rifleshow stupid can you be
what laws are these that you speak of? kindly provide the bill name and number so you have some actual proof and aren't simply parroting from the fear-mongering brady campaign and violence policy center.during world war ii the american people rounded up japanese-americans and herded them into concentration camps because you were at war with the people of japan and thought that they were the sleeping enemy even though they had no proof. what you're speaking of is no different than this.the way i see it brady, your hatred for guns and gun owners is so overwhelming and logic defying, that you'd be perfectly alright with unleashing a life-ending pandemic plague on the people of earth if you believed it would put an end to all gun owners everywhere. | This example is notsarc. | pragmeval/sarcasm |
0entailment
| well there is a ... sequence of events that ... be ... ehh ... met . so , those are the main priorities . there is a ... ehh ... emm ... a series of contractural obligations that ... ehh ... have to be ... ehh ... . . emm ... a number of hours of recording have to be done . emm ... and met . then there is labeling that has to be met . so those are the ... priorities because those are the ... immovable objects that ... emm ... ehh ... have a time ... a critical time component to them . so that is ... those are the first emm ... emm ... prioritized things . but those ... ehh ... always in cases like that ... there are dependencies on other people and recruitment of ... ehh ... emm ... people that ... ehh ... allow windows of opportunity for other ... emm ... projects ... emm ... research ... tends to be that way . so in between those times there is ... emm ... i hope to write a program ... emm ... or upgrade a program or rewrite a program to make it ehh ... emm ... more functional ... add more functionality to it . for ... and make it a bit more future proof . emm ... and ... ehh ... then that would hopefully lead onto ... emm ... creating a paper that would accompany that ... ehh ... program ... emm ... | This example is Positive. | silicone/sem |
0entailment
| it's the now i would have thought they'd have more than one line right thank you ah there we go right thank you very much ah good afternoon yes um | This example is inform. | silicone/oasis |
2contradiction
| You know ? Forget it ! | This example is neutral. | silicone/meld_s |
0entailment
| You know ? Forget it ! | This example is sadness. | silicone/meld_e |
0entailment
| yeah | This example is acknowledge. | silicone/maptask |
0entailment
| yes . here you are . | This example is no emotion. | silicone/dyda_e |
0entailment
| yes . here you are . | This example is inform. | silicone/dyda_da |
2contradiction
| Yes. | This example is exc. | silicone/iemocap |
0entailment
| 329 U.S. 173
67 S.Ct. 216
91 L.Ed. 172
CARTERv.PEOPLE OF STATE OF ILLINOIS.
No. 36.
Argued Nov. 15, 1946.
Decided Dec. 9, 1946.
Mr. Stephen A. Mitchell, of Chicago, Ill., for petitioner.
Mr. William C. Wines, of Chicago, Ill., for respondent.
Mr. Justice FRANKFURTER delivered the opinion of the Court.
1
In 1928 petitioner pleaded guilty to an indictment for murder and was sentenced to imprisonment for 99 years. In 1945 he brought a petition for his release on writ of error in the Supreme Court of Illinois claiming that the conviction on which his confinement was based was vitiated by the denial of his right under the Fourteenth Amendment to the assistance of counsel. The Supreme Court of Illinois affirmed the original judgment of conviction. 391 Ill. 594, 63 N.E.2d 763. In view of the importance of the claim, if valid, we brought the case here. 328 U.S. 827, 66 S.Ct. 1009.
2
In a series of cases of which Moore v. Dempsey, 261 U.S. 86, 43 S.Ct. 265, 67 L.Ed. 543, was the first, and Ashcraft v. State of Tennessee, 327 U.S. 274, 66 S.Ct. 544, the latest, we have sustained an appeal to the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment for a fair ascertainment of guilt or innocence. Inherent in the notion of fairness is ample opportunity to meet an accusation. Under pertinent circumstances, the opportunity is ample only when an accused has the assistance of counsel for his defense. And the need for such assistance may exist at every stage of the prosecution, from arraignment to sentencing. This does not, however, mean that the accused may not make his own defense; nor does it prevent him from acknowledging guilt when fully advised of all its implications and capable of understanding them. Neither the historic conception of Due Process nor the vitality it derives from progressive standards of justice denies a person the right to defend himself or to confess guilt. Under appropriate circumstances the Constitution requires that counsel be tendered; it does not require that under all circumstances counsel be forced upon a defendant. United States ex rel. McCann v. Adams, 320 U.S. 220, 64 S.Ct. 14, 88 L.Ed. 4.
3
The solicitude for securing justice thus embodied in the Due Process Clause is not satisfied by formal compliance or merely procedural regularity. It is not conclusive that the proceedings resulting in incarceration are unassailable on the face of the record. A State must give one whom it deprives of his freedom the opportunity to open an inquiry into the intrinsic fairness of a criminal process even though it appears proper on the surface. Mooney v. Holohan, 294 U.S. 103, 55 S.Ct. 340, 79 L.Ed. 791, 98 A.L.R. 406. Questions of fundamental justice protected by the Due Process Clause may be raised, to use lawyers' language, dehors the record.
4
But the Due Process Clause has never been perverted so as to force upon the forty-eight States a uniform code of criminal procedure. Except for the limited scope of the federal criminal code, the prosecution of crime is a matter for the individual States. The Constitution commands the States to assure fair judgment. Procedural details for securing fairness it leaves to the States. It is for them, therefore, to choose the methods and practices by which crime is brought to book, so long as they observe those ultimate dignities of man which the United States Constitution assures. Brown v. State of New Jersey, 175 U.S. 172, 175, 20 S.Ct. 77, 78, 44 L.Ed. 119; State of Missouri v. Lewis, 101 U.S. 22, 31, 25 L.Ed. 989. Wide discretion must be left to the States for the manner of adjudicating a claim that a conviction is unconstitutional. States are free to devise their own systems of review in criminal cases. A State may decide whether to have direct appeals in such cases, and if so under what circumstances. McKane v. Durston, 153 U.S. 684, 687, 14 S.Ct. 913, 915, 38 L.Ed. 867. In respecting the duty laid upon them by Mooney v. Holohan, the States have a wide choice of remedies. A State may provide that the protection of rights granted by the Federal Constitution be sought through the writ of habeas corpus or coram nobis. It may use each of these ancient writs in its common law scope, or it may put them to new uses; or, it may afford remedy by a simple motion brought either in the court of original conviction or at the place of detention. See, e.g., New York ex rel. Whitman v. Wilson, 318 U.S. 688, 63 S.Ct. 840, 87 L.Ed. 1083; Matter of Lyons v. Goldstein, 290 N.Y. 19, 25, 47 N.E.2d 425, 146 A.L.R. 1422; Matter of Morhous v. New York Supreme Court, 293 N.Y. 131, 56 N.E.2d 79; People v. Gersewitz, 294 N.Y. 163, 168, 61 N.E.2d 427; Matter of Hogan v. Court of General Sessions, 296 N.Y. 1, 9, 68 N.E.2d 849. So long as the rights under the United States Constitution may be pursued, it is for a State and not for this Court to define the mode by which they may be vindicated.
5
An accused may have been denied the assistance of counsel under circumstances which constitute an infringement of the United States Constitution. If the State affords no mode for redressing that wrong, he may come to the federal courts for relief. But where a remedy is provided by the State, a defendant must first exhaust it in the manner in which the State prescribes. Ex parte Hawk, 321 U.S. 114, 64 S.Ct. 448, 88 L.Ed. 572; House v. Mayo, 324 U.S. 42, 65 S.Ct. 517, 89 L.Ed. 739. For the relation of the United States and the courts of the United States to the States and the courts of the States is a very delicate matter. See Ex parte Royall, 117 U.S. 241, 251, 6 S.Ct. 734, 740, 29 L.Ed. 868. When a defendant, as here, invokes a remedy provided by the State of Illinois the decision of the local court must be judged on the basis of the scope of the remedy provided and what the court properly had before it in such a proceeding. Woods v. Nierstheimer, 328 U.S. 211, 66 S.Ct. 996. The only thing before the Illinois Supreme Court was what is known under Illinois practice as the common law record. That record, as certified in this case, included only the indictment, the judgment on plea of guilty, the minute entry bearing on sentence, and the sentence. And so the very narrow question now before us is whether this common law record establishes that the defendant's sentence is void because in the proceedings that led to it he was denied the assistance of counsel.
6
This case is quite different from a case like Rice v. Olson, 324 U.S. 786, 65 S.Ct. 989, 89 L.Ed. 1367. In that case the record properly before this Court contained specific allegations bearing on the disabilities of the defendant to stand prosecution without the aid of counsel. There was not, as we have here, an unchallenged finding by the trial court that the accused was duly apprised of his rights and, in awareness of them, chose to plead guilty. The judgment against Carter explicitly states:
7
'And the said defendant Harice Leroy Carter commonly known as Roy Carter having been duly arraigned and being called upon to plead expresses a desire to plead guilty to the crime of murder as charged in the indictment. Thereupon the Court fully explained to the Defendant Harice Leroy Carter commonly known as Roy Carter the consequence of such plea and of all his rights in the premises including the right to have a lawyer appointed by the Court to defend him and also of his right to a trial before a jury of twelve jurors sworn in open Court and of the degree of proof that would be required to justify a verdict of guilty against him under the plea of not guilty but the defendant Harice Leroy Carter commonly known as Roy Carter persists in his desire to plead guilty and for a plea says he is guilty in manner and form as charged in the indictment.'
8
This, then, is not a case in which intelligent waiver of counsel is a tenuous inference from the mere fact of a plea of guilty. Rice v. Olson, supra, 324 U.S. at page 788, 65 S.Ct. at page 990, 89 L.Ed. 1367. A fair reading of the judgment against Carter indicates a judicial attestation that the accused, with his rights fully explained to him, consciously chose to dispense with counsel. And there is nothing in the record to contradict the judicial finding. From the common law record, we do not know what manner of man the defendant was. Facts bearing on his maturity or capacity of comprehension or on the circumstances under which a plea of guilty was tendered and accepted are wholly wanting. We have only the fact that the trial judge explained what the plea of guilty involved. To be sure, the record does not show that the trial court spelled out with laborious detail the various degrees of homicide under Illinois law and the various defenses open to one accused of murder. But the Constitution of the United States does not require of a judge that he recite with particularity that he performed his duty.
9
The only peg on which the defendant seeks to hang a claim that his right to counsel was denied is the fact that the judge did assign him counsel when it came to sentencing. From this fact alone, we are asked to draw the inference that the accused was not capable of understanding the proceedings which led to his plea of guilty, and was therefore deprived of the indispensable assistance of counsel. We cannot take such a jump in reasoning. A trial court may justifiably be convinced that a defendant knows what he is about when he pleads guilty and that he rightly believes that a trial is futile because a defense is wanting. But the imposition of sentence presents quite different considerations. There a judge usually moves within a large area of discretion and doubts. Such is the situation under Illinois law. The range of punishment which a judge in Illinois may impose for murder is between fourteen years and death. It is a commonplace that no more difficult task confronts judges than the determination of punishment not fixed by statute. Even the most self-assured judge may well want to bring to his aid every consideration that counsel for the accused can appropriately urge. In any event, the designation of counsel to assist the accused at the sentencing stage of the prosecution in no wise implies that the defendant was not capable of intelligent self-protection when he pleaded guilty. Cf. Canizio v. People of State of New York, 327 U.S. 82, 66 S.Ct. 452.
10
We conclude that on the record before the Supreme Court of Illinois there was no showing that Carter's plea of guilty was made under circumstanc § which cut the ground from under the resulting sentence. In restricting its review to that record the Supreme Court of Illinois followed local practice, and the practice constitutes allowable State appellate procedure. Factors that might suggest fundamental unfairness in the proceedings before the trial judge—e.g., the racial handicap of the defendant, his mental capacity, his inability to make an intelligent choice, precipitancy in the acceptance of a plea of guilty—are not before us because they were not in the common law record which was all that was before the Supreme Court of Illinois. Whether the defendant is entitled to press such claims to show a denial by the State of Illinois of a constitutional right, it will be time enough to consider when that issue is properly before us after being presented in a proceeding in the State courts appropriate to that purpose, or, if none is available, in a federal court. Woods v. Nierstheimer, supra; Ex parte Hawk, supra.
11
After indicating the restricted scope of review in this proceeding, the court below observed that under Illinois law a defendant who desires counsel must ask for it and show that he cannot afford one of his own choice. There are situations when justice cannot be administered unless persons charged with crime are defended by capable and responsible counsel. But there is nothing in the record before us to indicate that the circumstances made it necessary for Carter to have professional guidance other than that given by the trial court. There is therefore nothing in the statement of the Illinois Supreme Court alone from which we can infer that these normal requirements of Illinois law prejudiced this defendant or made their observance in this case incongruous with his constitutional rights.
12
Judgment affirmed.
13
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS, with whom Mr. Justice BLACK and Mr. Justice RUTLEDGE concur, dissenting.
14
If, as the opinion of the Court suggests, the Illinois Supreme Court had ruled that petitioner could not raise the question of his right to counsel by reason of the abbreviated common law record, I would agree that the judgment should be affirmed. For then petitioner would be remitted to other state procedures for vindication of his constitutional right. The Illinois Supreme Court rested on that ground when it refused to consider his claim that he was deprived of due process of law by reason of the method of his arrest and the unfairness of the trial. But when it came to consider the question of his right to counsel, the inadequacy of the record was not the ground it gave for barring him from showing that he was unqualified to waive the constitutional right:
15
'His first contention is that the court erred in not appointing an attorney to represent him during arraignment. The right to be represented by counsel is one which the defendant may waive or claim, as he shall determine. No duty rests upon the court to provide legal assistance for an accused, unless he states, under his oath, his inability to procure counsel, and expresses a desire to have the court appoint one for him. (People v. Braner, 389 Ill. 190, 58 N.E.2d 869; People v. Corrie, 387 Ill. 587, 56 N.E.2d 767; People v. Childers, 386 Ill. 312, 53 N.E.2d 878.) There being no bill of exceptions, and it not appearing that plaintiff in error sought to have an attorney appointed for him, this assignment of error cannot be sustained. People v. Stubblefield, (391 Ill. 609), 63 N.E.2d (763, 764); People v. Stack, 391 Ill. 15, 62 N.E.2d 807; People v. Braner, 389 Ill. 190, 58 N.E.2d 869.' 391 Ill. 594, 595; 63 N.E.2d 763, 764.
16
By the rule there announced the record was inadequate only in one respect—the absence of a bill of exceptions showing that petitioner asked that an attorney be appointed for him. But that neglect by a defendant is not fatal, at least in a capital case. If a defendant is not capable of making his own defense, it is the duty of the court to appoint counsel, whether requested so to do or not. Williams v. Kais r, 323 U.S. 471, 476, 65 S.Ct. 363, 89 L.Ed. 398. As we stated in that case, 323 U.S. at pages 475, 476, 65 S.Ct. at page 366, 89 L.Ed. 398:
17
'The decision to plead guilty is a decision to allow a judgment of conviction to be entered without a hearing—a decision which is irrevocable and which forecloses any possibility of establishing innocence. If we assume that petitioner committed a crime, we cannot know the degree of prejudice which the denial of counsel caused. See Glasser v. United States, 315 U.S. 60, 75, 76, 62 S.Ct. 457, 467, 468, 86 L.Ed. 680. Only counsel could discern from the facts whether a plea of not guilty to the offense charged or a plea of guilty to a lesser offense would be appropriate. A layman is usually no match for the skilled prosecutor whom he confronts in the court room. He needs the aid of counsel lest he be the victim of overzealous prosecutors, of the law's complexity, or of his own ignorance or bewilderment.'
18
Therefore the least which we should do is to vacate this judgment and remand the case to the Illinois Supreme Court. For as Mr. Justice Murphy points out, there is ample evidence in the record, certified to us from that court, to support petitioner's claim that he was not capable of making his defense. If that evidence may be considered in this proceeding, petitioner should prevail. Though the basis of the action of the Illinois Supreme Court be deemed less clear than I have indicated, a remand to it would be appropriate so that any state procedural question may be untangled from the question arising under the federal constitution. See State Tax Commission of Utah v. Van Cott, 306 U.S. 511, 59 S.Ct. 605, 83 L.Ed. 950.
19
Mr. Justice MURPHY, dissenting.
20
The admitted facts of this case plainly reveal that the petitioner has not been convicted of murder and sentenced to 99 years in prison in accordance with due process of law. Rather he has been deprived of his freedom for life without the aid of an attorney to guide him along the complicated and twisting labyrinths of the law. And there is no affirmative indication that he intelligently waived his right to counsel or that he understood the intricate legal problems involved in his indictment and conviction. Due process cannot thrive in the absence of such evidence.
21
There is an initial problem as to what evidence is before this court at this time. It is said that we are limited to the common law record before the Supreme Court of Illinois, a record that includes only the indictment, the judgment on the plea of guilty, the minute entry bearing on the sentence, and the sentence itself. We are asked to close our eyes to a transcript of testimony in connection with a hearing on mitigation of the offense. This testimony was taken after the conviction. It has been certified, presumably by the stenographer recording the testimony at the hearing, and notarized. It appears in the printed record before this Court. We are also asked to overlook certain information about the petitioner given to the Illinois State Penitentiary by the State's attorney and concurred in by the presiding judge. The State of Illinois does not deny any of these facts; it merely requests that we disregard them as did the Supreme Court of Illinois, that we blind ourselves to what is printed in the record before us.
22
Legal technicalities doubtless afford justification for our pretense of ignoring plain facts before us, facts upon which a man's very life or liberty conceivably could depend. Moreover, there probably is legal warrant for our not remanding the case to the Supreme Court of Illinois to allow those facts to be incorporated in the formal record before it and to consider its decision in light thereof. But the result certainly does not enhance the high traditions of the judicial process.
23
In my view, when undisputed facts appear in the record before us in a case involving a man's life or liberty, they should not be ignored if justice demands their use. Here the facts in question fortuna ely are not crucial, since the bare common law record alone reveals a lack of due process. But the additional facts do serve to emphasize the absence of an intelligent waiver of counsel and petitioner's failure to comprehend the legal problems placed in his path. They serve to make any decision on the issue in the case more intelligent and more just. The discussion that follows, therefore, is based on all the certified facts in the record before us.
24
Petitioner, a Negro, was 30 years of age at the time of the relevant events in 1928. He had no schooling, although he was able to read and write. He was of average mentality and had never before run afoul of the law. During the preceding eleven years he had worked as a cook and a mechanic. By reputation he was quiet and industrious.
25
While driving a car back from a fishing trip, petitioner became involved in a bitter and prolonged dispute with the driver of a horse-drawn gravel wagon over the right-of-way on a road. This driver, a white man, refused to give petitioner enough room to pass. A violent argument in racial terminology ensued; rocks and gravel were thrown at petitioner's car. Eventually, when the dispute was renewed after a short interval, the driver got off his wagon and advanced toward petitioner's car. Petitioner claimed that he thought the driver was reaching into his shirt for a gun. Petitioner got out of his car and fired three times killing the driver.
26
Petitioner was taken into custody that same evening and was questioned far into the night. He was taken to an adjoining town, allegedly to avoid mob violence. Twelve days later, on June 12, 1928, he was indicted. It was charged that he 'did then and there unlawfully, and feloniously, with malice aforethought, by shooting, kill' the named individual. On June 15 he was arraigned without the benefit of counsel, it being alleged by petitioner that he was held incommunicado from the time of his arrest. He was handed a copy of the five-page indictment, under which he could have been convicted of first-degree murder, lesser degrees of homicide, voluntary or involuntary manslaughter, assault with a deadly weapon, or lesser degrees of assault. Various considerations of defense, including self-defense, were accordingly raised. Upon being asked how he pleaded, he expressed a desire to plead guilty as charged in the indictment. The trial court's order, which bears striking resemblance to the Illinois statute on the subject (Ill.Rev.Stat., 1945, Ch. 38, par. 732), recited that the judge 'fully explained' to petitioner 'the consequences of such plea' and his rights to counsel and to jury trial, but that petitioner 'persists in his desire to plead guilty' as charged. There is no affirmative evidence that petitioner understood the necessary consequences of his plea or that, fully appreciating all of his legal rights, he intelligently waived his rights to counsel or to jury trial. All that appears is that he 'persisted' in his desire to plead guilty and that the court convicted him of murder, the statutory punishment for which was death by electrocution or imprisonment for any period from fourteen years to life.
27
A further hearing was held on the same day and an attorney was appointed, apparently not at petitioner's request, to represent petitioner at a hearing upon the 'question of mitigation or aggravation of said crime of murder to which defendant has pleaded guilty.' Such a hearing was required by state law (Ill.Rev.Stat., 1945, Ch. 38, par. 732) where a guilty plea has been entered and where the court has discretion as to the extent of the punishment. A hearing on this matter was held three days later, on June 18, petitioner's appointed counsel being present. On June 29, in the absence of counsel, petitioner appeared in court and was sentenced to serve 99 years in prison.
28
I do not believe that these facts add up to due process of law. Petitioner, an uneducated, bewildered layman, was allegedly held incommunicado for fifteen days and was the called upon to make a vital decision upon the basis of his unintelligent understanding of the indictment—a legalistic, verbose document of five pages which would doubtless mean many things to many learned lawyers in light of the particular facts involved. Petitioner's very life and liberty depended upon his ability to comprehend the variety of crimes covered by the indictment and which one, if any, applied to the facts of his case. He was compelled to weigh the factors involved in a guilty plea against those resulting from the submission of his case to a jury. He was forced to judge the chances of setting up a successful defense. These are all complicated matters that only a man versed in the legal lore could hope to comprehend and to decide intelligently. Petitioner obviously was not of that type. Yet at this crucial juncture petitioner lacked the aid and guidance of such a person. In my view, it is a gross miscarriage of justice to condemn a man to death or to life imprisonment in such a manner. See Powell v. State of Alabama, 287 U.S. 45, 53 S.Ct. 55, 77 L.Ed. 158, 84 A.L.R. 527; Williams v. Kaiser, 323 U.S. 471, 65 S.Ct. 363, 89 L.Ed. 398; Rice v. Olson, 324 U.S. 786, 65 S.Ct. 989, 89 L.Ed. 1367.
29
It is said, of course, that petitioner waived his right to counsel. My answer is that such action is immaterial in a capital case of this nature without affirmative evidence of an intelligent waiver. Such evidence is non-existent here, even looking solely at the common law record. Its absence becomes even more emphasized when we view the background of ignorance, racial antagonism and threats of mob violence. When the life of a man hangs in the balance, we should insist upon the fullest measure of due process. Society is here attempting to take away the life or liberty of one of its members. That attempt must be tested by the highest standards of justice and fairness that we know. It is no excuse that the individual is willing to forego certain basic rights unless we are certain that he has a full and intelligent comprehension of what he is doing. Otherwise we take from due process of law a substantial part of its content.
30
Nor is it significant that counsel was appointed for petitioner to represent him at the hearing as to the mitigation of the offense. The error was done, the damage was committed, when petitioner was arraigned, compelled to plead and convicted without the assistance of counsel. The special hearing on mitigation held thereafter, for which counsel was provided, afforded no opportunity for undoing the effect of the unaided arraignment or plea of guilty. Cf. Canizio v. People of State of New York, 327 U.S. 82, 66 S.Ct. 452. The failure to have counsel in regard to those matters permeated the entire proceeding, with indelible effects that could not be removed at the special hearing. Due process of law still was lacking.
31
Insistence upon counsel at all stages of a capital case, where an intelligent waiver is lacking, imposes no intolerable burden upon the law enforcement process. It is merely a recognition of our attempt to be civilized, a recognition that the process of condemning human life is to be judged by standards higher than those applied to a prosecution for violation of a minor ordinance or regulation.
32
I would therefore reverse the judgment below.
| This example is 1. | lex_glue/scotus |
2contradiction
| Except as is otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, Executive shall be solely responsible for taxes imposed on Executive by reason of any compensation and benefits provided under this Agreement, and all such compensation and benefits shall be subject to applicable withholding taxes. | This example is Qualifications. | lex_glue/ledgar |
0entailment
| ประธานาธิบดี คลินตัน ปรับเปลี่ยน นโยบาย ของ ประธานาธิบดี reaganas โดย ต้องการ ให้ หัว ของ หน่วยงาน โดยตรง แจ้ง ที่ปรึกษา บ้าน สี ขาว | This example is th. | language-identification |
0entailment
| Serious HOME ALONE/KARATE KID knock off with enough bad character stereotypes to have the writer sued and then shot. You could see blatant stunt man usage in almost every scene. Oh, and the acting sucks too. Although I must say that the line: "Sorry, dude, I have to take a major dump big time" made me laugh my ass off. | This example is neg. | imdb |
2contradiction
| an utterly compelling 'who wrote it' in which the reputation of the most famous author who ever lived comes into question . | This example is neg. | rotten_tomatoes |
2contradiction
| Tree Farmers Lose Business Now that the Thanksgiving feast is over, many people are getting ready to deck the halls and put up their Christmas tree. Some Christmas tree farmers are working even harder to compete with artificial trees. | This example is Sports. | ag_news |
0entailment
| Absolutely LOVED this place!!! Great products(OPI, Avo Juice, etc...), great service, and my nails turned out so good. \n\nThey even have a rewards program to earn credit towards your future services.\n\nMy nail tech was Vivian and she was wonderful, my nails look like they are ready for a photo shoot :) \nI am definitely coming back, my new favorite nail place!!! | This example is 5 stars. | yelp_review_full/yelp_review_full |
2contradiction
| Rental of building equipment accounted for 88 percent of the operating income . | This example is negative. | financial_phrasebank/sentences_allagree |
2contradiction
| and not alone by gold; | This example is mixed. | poem_sentiment |
0entailment
| The Izvoru Mare River is a tributary of the Caraş River in Romania. | This example is NaturalPlace. | dbpedia_14/dbpedia_14 |
2contradiction
| This video gave me ways of playing with my baby and working out at the same time. I use them throughout the day. The only reason I did not give it five stars is because of the long intro each time I turn it on. Considering what is out there to choose from I think this is one of the better ones. | This example is negative. | amazon_polarity/amazon_polarity |
0entailment
| 88 . | This example is noHate. | hate_speech18 |
2contradiction
| He's just gonna worry for nothing. And he won't give you money its no use.
| This example is spam. | sms_spam |
2contradiction
| #WomensMarch against Donald Trump around the <world/> : block :
#WomensMarch against <Donald Trump/> around the world : men : | This example is equal. | humicroedit/subtask-2 |
0entailment
| Is there valet parking at Kang Ho Dong Baekjeong? | This example is GetPlaceDetails. | snips_built_in_intents |
2contradiction
| @realbigasian wtf mine was just a fried Twinkie w powdered sugar I got hoed | This example is neither. | hate_speech_offensive |
0entailment
| how long do you think it takes to become a pro skater?
I have practiced and practiced, im OK, but if anyone is really good at skateboarding if they could give me some tips or something that would be awesome.\n\nThanks | This example is Sports. | yahoo_answers_topics |
0entailment
| * [http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/midwest/ct-wisconsin-voters-pro-trump-america-20170207-story.html Rural Wisconsin voters await economic revival in a part of now pro-Trump America]. This article is from the ''Chicago Tribune''. Published on February 7, 2017 and written by '''Claire Galofaro''' of the ''Associated Press'', it is based on interviews with former Obama voters who then voted for Trump in [[Crawford County, Wisconsin]].([[Crawford County, Wisconsin|Crawford County]] is one of twenty-three [[Pivot Counties in Wisconsin]].) * [http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/midwest/ct-wisconsin-voters-pro-trump-america-20170207-story.html Rural Wisconsin voters await economic revival in a part of now pro-Trump America]. This article is from the ''Chicago Tribune''. Published on February 7, 2017 and written by '''Claire Galofaro''' of the ''Associated Press'', it is based on interviews with former Obama voters who then voted for Trump in [[Crawford County, Wisconsin]].([[Crawford County, Wisconsin|Crawford County]] is one of twenty-three [[Pivot Counties in Wisconsin]].) +::*Ms. Garafola also wrote ''[https://apnews.com/7f2b534b80674596875980b9b6e701c9 How a community changed by refugees came to embrace Trump]'' for the Associated Press on April 19, 2017 about [[Androscoggin County, Maine]] and ''[https://apnews.com/21cc9528cabd4578996c3f118d8d656f Trump won places drowning in despair. Can he save them?]'' on August 19, 2017 about voters in [[Grays Harbor County, Washington]]. * [http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/02/donald-trump-support-popularity-vigo-county-214774 I'm Still All Trumped Up]. Politico Magazine; February 13, 2017; author '''Adam Wren'''. This article is about [[Vigo County, Indiana|Vigo County]], which is one of five [[Pivot Counties in Indiana]]. * [http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/02/donald-trump-support-popularity-vigo-county-214774 I'm Still All Trumped Up]. Politico Magazine; February 13, 2017; author '''Adam Wren'''. This article is about [[Vigo County, Indiana|Vigo County]], which is one of five [[Pivot Counties in Indiana]]. | This example is false. | hyperpartisan_news |
2contradiction
| Experiments show that the learned tracker performs much better than existing trackers on the tracking of complex non-rigid motions such as fish twisting with [[ self-occlusion ]] and large << inter-frame lip motion >> . | This example is COMPARE. | sciie |
2contradiction
| each relevant document is retrieved ( Baeza-Yates and Ribeiro-Neto 1999 ) . | This example is Motivation. | citation_intent |
2contradiction
| This change accelerates mitochondrial electron transport in the respiratory chain and produces more influx of electrons to the mitochondrial matrix, which in turn produces more ROS and RNS [21, 23, 33, 64, 100, 101, 107–118]. | This example is result. | scicite |
0entailment
| Were losing now over $500 billion a year in terms of imbalance with China. | This example is barely-true. | liar |
2contradiction
| rush
lantana | This example is false. | lexical_relation_classification/K&H+N |
0entailment
| atmosphere
side | This example is RANDOM. | lexical_relation_classification/CogALexV |
0entailment
| snake
eye | This example is mero. | lexical_relation_classification/BLESS |
0entailment
| phone
olive | This example is RANDOM. | lexical_relation_classification/ROOT09 |
0entailment
| gift
present | This example is IsA. | lexical_relation_classification/EVALution |
0entailment
| Easy come, easy go.</br></br>Barely two months after closing a record year, the huge private investment funds that swing through international currency and bond markets are enduring a stark reversal of fortune.</br></br>Steinhardt Partners, Tiger Management, Caxton Corp., Omega Advisers and Soros Fund Management have had losses of hundreds of millions of dollars over the past few weeks. That's a setback of as much as 10% for some hedge funds, the private investment partnerships that borrow to the hilt to make big bets on the direction of markets.</br></br>But the gunslingers aren't suffering alone. The proprietary trading desks of big investment and commercial banks, which act as in-house hedge funds, have also been hit. Over the last several years, these institutions have been willing to accept an increasing amount of risk because of the benign environment of falling interest rates, which generally boost the value of fixed-income investments.</br></br>No more. With interest rates rising this year, one market after another has turned into Sherman's march to the sea. There seem to be as many ways to lose money as there were to make it last year. Among the causes of misfortune: the surprisingly steep decline of the dollar against the yen, which came quickly on the heels of rising interest rates in Japan and Europe. | This example is yes. | crowdflower/economic-news |
2contradiction
| "The #IRS claims it has ""lost"" emails from former Commissioner Lois Lerner and six more employees. http://t.co/AjLGRmVmR4" | This example is constituency. | crowdflower/political-media-audience |
2contradiction
| "The #IRS claims it has ""lost"" emails from former Commissioner Lois Lerner and six more employees. http://t.co/AjLGRmVmR4" | This example is constituency. | crowdflower/political-media-message |
2contradiction
| Lazy day in is awesome but I really should go out | This example is happiness. | crowdflower/text_emotion |
0entailment
| @AmericanAir the ticket is a poor gesture of goodwill (for missed trip) to a top status flyer - I may not next time (AA91 LHR-ORD 2/16) | This example is negative. | crowdflower/airline-sentiment |
0entailment
| Take Action @change: Help Protect Wildlife Habitat from Climate Change [link] | This example is Yes. | crowdflower/tweet_global_warming |
2contradiction
| "@mention i'm skeptical that he knows shit about nuclear energy apart from ""the public are scared shitless of it""" | This example is Negative. | crowdflower/sentiment_nuclear_power |
2contradiction
| .@TheEarthNetwork We believe access to water is a human right. We're not draining developing countriesÛª groundwater http://t.co/4NkwV8oLTj | This example is Action. | crowdflower/corporate-messaging |
0entailment
| "The #IRS claims it has ""lost"" emails from former Commissioner Lois Lerner and six more employees. http://t.co/AjLGRmVmR4" | This example is partisan. | crowdflower/political-media-bias |
0entailment
| AITA for not caring when my husband gets hurt? | Every time my husband gets hurt, surprised, etc. his default is to scream at me. For example, I was making dinner tonight and he went to take something out of the stove. He burned his hand and immediately yelled that it was my fault and demanded an apology. I get so angry that I just sat down in the dining table as he is washing his burn. Then after he loudly rinse his hands in the bathroom, apply ointment, etc., he sits at the table, apologized for yelling but then accused me of not caring about his burn and then said I owe him an apology for not reacting in a more caring fashion. I refuse to because I did not do anything and he yelled at me first. I would have been a bit more sympathetic if he didn't have a stupid reaction. Then he stomped upstairs to look at burn remedies and I kicked him off the computer to make this post. AITA? | This example is acceptable. | ethics/commonsense |
2contradiction
| Could you help jessica pick out a bathing suit? | This example is unacceptable. | ethics/deontology |
0entailment
| The young man deserved the prize from the lottery because he had the winning numbers. | This example is unacceptable. | ethics/justice |
0entailment
| tommy and his friend got into a fight, so they didnt talk for almost three weeks
flippant | This example is acceptable. | ethics/virtue |
0entailment
| coz u r not understainding me but i'm me too what the hell | This example is angry. | emo/emo2019 |
2contradiction
| whoooop i am so exited. all the hard work paid off !!!! #rio2016 happy #ð #paralympics | This example is hate-speech. | tweets_hate_speech_detection |
2contradiction
| urlLink Enrollment Trends in Community Colleges. ERIC Digest. This ERIC Digest is by Hans A. Andrews. From the ERIC Digest: Community colleges are rapidly adapting their policies, procedures and services to accommodate new and growing groups of students. New community college student enrollment groups include (1) dual-credit and dual-enrollment students taking college courses during their last two years of high school; (2) reverse transfer students, both those who have attended a senior college without completing a degree, and those who have completed one or more degrees; and (3) students needing or wishing to obtain job retraining. Serving these students offers community colleges a way to meaningfully address some major educational and employment concerns that have arisen today. This digest presents key information and current research on these three expanding categories of students enrolling in American community colleges at the beginning of the 21st century. | This example is female. | blog_authorship_corpus/gender |
2contradiction
| urlLink Enrollment Trends in Community Colleges. ERIC Digest. This ERIC Digest is by Hans A. Andrews. From the ERIC Digest: Community colleges are rapidly adapting their policies, procedures and services to accommodate new and growing groups of students. New community college student enrollment groups include (1) dual-credit and dual-enrollment students taking college courses during their last two years of high school; (2) reverse transfer students, both those who have attended a senior college without completing a degree, and those who have completed one or more degrees; and (3) students needing or wishing to obtain job retraining. Serving these students offers community colleges a way to meaningfully address some major educational and employment concerns that have arisen today. This digest presents key information and current research on these three expanding categories of students enrolling in American community colleges at the beginning of the 21st century. | This example is Pisces. | blog_authorship_corpus/horoscope |
2contradiction
| urlLink Enrollment Trends in Community Colleges. ERIC Digest. This ERIC Digest is by Hans A. Andrews. From the ERIC Digest: Community colleges are rapidly adapting their policies, procedures and services to accommodate new and growing groups of students. New community college student enrollment groups include (1) dual-credit and dual-enrollment students taking college courses during their last two years of high school; (2) reverse transfer students, both those who have attended a senior college without completing a degree, and those who have completed one or more degrees; and (3) students needing or wishing to obtain job retraining. Serving these students offers community colleges a way to meaningfully address some major educational and employment concerns that have arisen today. This digest presents key information and current research on these three expanding categories of students enrolling in American community colleges at the beginning of the 21st century. | This example is Government. | blog_authorship_corpus/job |
2contradiction
| What is the quickest way for a career-changing college graduate to become a lawyer? | This example is disjunction. | open_question_type |
0entailment
| The train carrying GOP members of Congress to a West Virginia retreat crashed due to a Deep State plot. | This example is false. | health_fact |
0entailment
| Islam later emerged as the majority religion during the centuries of Ottoman rule, though a significant Christian minority remained. How often has Christianity been the major religion? he emerged as a peacemaker | This example is no. | mc_taco |
0entailment
| He and his wife had been examined and treated as an infertile couple for 3 years. | This example is Not-Related. | ade_corpus_v2/Ade_corpus_v2_classification |
0entailment
| X wants to know about Y's music preferences. Do you like neo soul?
never heard of it | This example is No. | circa |
2contradiction
| Want to know why a person goes to more then 1 person for advice. they probly go to more then 1 person is becuase they wont get the same answers every time and wantr to see what other people say. | This example is Effective. | EffectiveFeedbackStudentWriting |
2contradiction
| abrupt release : Described by Tyler as a "throwaway song", the single garnered media attention for its abrupt release and a lyrical reference to American actor Timothée Chalamet. :
instantaneous discharge : Described by Tyler as a "throwaway song", the single garnered media attention for its instantaneous discharge and a lyrical reference to American actor Timothée Chalamet. : | This example is positive. | phrase_similarity |
2contradiction
| Researchers from the University of Leicester and Leicester’s Hospitals have announced a breakthrough advance in the results of the world-first clinical trial with actual patients of a new drug to treat particular blood cancers.
ONO/GS-4059 has significant activity in relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies without major drug-related toxicity. | This example is downplays. | scientific-exaggeration-detection |
2contradiction
| Carrie visits Dina at her house. Dina rides her exercise bike while Carrie sits and watches television. Which of the two will have a smaller pool of sweat at their feet when they are done? (A) Carrie (B) Dina. | This example is B. | quarel |
0entailment
| Android is released by a tech company.
Google is an American multinational technology company specializing in Internet-related services and products .. Internet. Internet. multinational. multinational corporation. technology company. technology company. These include online advertising technologies , search , cloud computing , software , and hardware .. online advertising. online advertising. search. Web search engine. cloud computing. cloud computing. software. software. hardware. Computer hardware. Google was founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University , in California .. Larry Page. Larry Page. Sergey Brin. Sergey Brin. California. California. Stanford University. Stanford University. Together , they own about 14 percent of its shares , and control 56 percent of the stockholder voting power through supervoting stock .. supervoting stock. supervoting stock. They incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4 , 1998 .. An initial public offering -LRB- IPO -RRB- took place on August 19 , 2004 , and Google moved to its new headquarters in Mountain View , California , nicknamed the Googleplex .. Googleplex. Googleplex. Mountain View. Mountain View, California. California. California. initial public offering. initial public offering. In August 2015 , Google announced plans to reorganize its various interests as a conglomerate called Alphabet Inc. .. conglomerate. Conglomerate ( company ). Google , Alphabet 's leading subsidiary , will continue to be the umbrella company for Alphabet 's Internet interests .. Internet. Internet. Upon completion of the restructure , Sundar Pichai became CEO of Google , replacing Larry Page , who became CEO of Alphabet .. Sundar Pichai. Sundar Pichai. CEO. Chief executive officer. Larry Page. Larry Page. Rapid growth since incorporation has triggered a chain of products , acquisitions , and partnerships beyond Google 's core search engine -LRB- Google Search -RRB- .. search. Web search engine. acquisitions. Mergers and acquisitions. Google Search. Google Search. It offers services designed for work and productivity -LRB- Google Docs , Sheets and Slides -RRB- , email -LRB- Gmail / Inbox -RRB- , scheduling and time management -LRB- Google Calendar -RRB- , cloud storage -LRB- Google Drive -RRB- , social networking -LRB- Google + -RRB- , instant messaging and video chat -LRB- Google Allo / Duo / Hangouts -RRB- , language translation -LRB- Google Translate -RRB- , mapping and turn-by-turn navigation -LRB- Google Maps -RRB- , video sharing -LRB- YouTube -RRB- , notetaking -LRB- Google Keep -RRB- , and photo organizing and editing -LRB- Google Photos -RRB- .. email. Webmail. Gmail. Gmail. Inbox. Inbox by Gmail. Google Calendar. Google Calendar. cloud storage. file hosting service. Google Drive. Google Drive. social networking. social networking service. Google Allo. Google Allo. Duo. Google Duo. Hangouts. Google Hangouts. Google Translate. Google Translate. Google Maps. Google Maps. YouTube. YouTube. Google Keep. Google Keep. editing. Image editing. Google Photos. Google Photos. The company leads the development of the Android mobile operating system , the Google Chrome web browser , and Chrome OS , a lightweight operating system based on the Chrome browser .. Android. Android ( operating system ). operating system. operating system. Google Chrome. Google Chrome. Chrome OS. Chrome OS. Google has moved increasingly into hardware ; from 2010 to 2015 , it partnered with major electronics manufacturers in the production of its Nexus devices , and in October 2016 , it released multiple hardware products -LRB- including the Google Pixel smartphone , Home smart speaker , Wifi mesh wireless router , and Daydream View virtual reality headset -RRB- .. hardware. Computer hardware. Nexus. Google Nexus. Google Pixel. Pixel ( smartphone ). Home. Google Home. Wifi. Google Wifi. mesh. Mesh networking. router. Router ( computing ). Daydream View. Google Daydream#Headset. virtual reality. virtual reality. The new hardware chief , Rick Osterloh , stated : `` a lot of the innovation that we want to do now ends up requiring controlling the end-to-end user experience '' .. hardware. Computer hardware. Google has also experimented with becoming an Internet carrier .. Internet. Internet. Internet carrier. Mobile network operator. In February 2010 , it announced Google Fiber , a fiber-optic infrastructure that was installed in Kansas City ; in April 2015 , it launched Project Fi in the United States , combining Wi-Fi and cellular networks from different providers ; and in 2016 , it announced the Google Station initiative to make public Wi-Fi around the world , which had already been deployed in India .. Google Fiber. Google Fiber. Kansas City. Kansas City, Kansas. Project Fi. Project Fi. India. India. Alexa , a company that monitors commercial web traffic , lists Google.com as the most visited website in the world .. Alexa. Alexa Internet. Several other Google services also figure in the top 100 most visited websites , including YouTube and Blogger .. YouTube. YouTube. Blogger. Blogger ( service ). Google has been the second most valuable brand in the world for 4 consecutive years , but has received significant criticism involving issues such as privacy concerns , tax avoidance , antitrust , censorship , and search neutrality .. search. Web search engine. has received significant criticism. Criticism of Google. privacy concerns. Privacy concerns regarding Google. tax avoidance. Criticism of Google#Aggressive tax avoidance. antitrust. Criticism of Google#Antitrust. censorship. Censorship by Google. search neutrality. Criticism of Google#Page Rank. Google 's mission statement , from the outset , was `` to organize the world 's information and make it universally accessible and useful '' , and its unofficial slogan was `` Do n't be evil '' .. mission statement. mission statement. In October 2015 , the motto was replaced in the Alphabet corporate code of conduct by the phrase `` Do the right thing '' . | This example is related. | fever-evidence-related/mwong--fever-related |
2contradiction
| Photons have <mask> mass or charge, but are electromagnetic, as are light, uv, and radio waves. | This example is eight. | numer_sense |
0entailment
| They don't have to communicate with the central headquarters on whether they will perform the job until you call in and demand a status. | This example is negative. | dynasent/dynabench.dynasent.r1.all/r1 |
2contradiction
| Apart from that, this is a fantastic place. | This example is negative. | dynasent/dynabench.dynasent.r2.all/r2 |
2contradiction
| It was a friendly <e1>call</e1> to remind them about the <e2>bill</e2> and make sure they have a copy of the invoice. | This example is Component-Whole(e2,e1). | sem_eval_2010_task_8 |
0entailment
| when did abraham lincoln write the emancipation proclamation??
The Proclamation outraged white Southerners who envisioned a race war, angered some Northern Democrats, energized anti-slavery forces, and weakened forces in Europe that wanted to intervene to help the Confederacy. | This example is False. | wiki_qa |
2contradiction
| Suppose something is under the table. It is either a duck or a household appliance. You can tell that it isn't fauna. True or False: The thing under the table is a household appliance. | This example is False. | cycic_classification |
0entailment
| A word is never part of a sentence | This example is no. | commonsense_qa_2.0 |
0entailment
| I don't know if this is an unpopular opinion because everyone seems to be wearing them suddenly but all of those EGO shoes on her story acre actually hideous like the worst kind of heels around they're so ugly I have no idea why that nigger-style of shoe has suddenly come into fashion and influencers love them they're awful | This example is hate. | dynahate |
2contradiction
| During the late 19th century the British also gained control of the north coast of Borneo, where the Dutch had found it overly difficult to ever establish their rule. Development on the Peninsula and Borneo were generally separate until the 19th century. The eastern part of this region (now Sabah) was under the nominal control of the Sultan of Sulu, who later became a vassal of the Spanish East Indies. The rest was the territory of the Sultanate of Brunei. In 1841, British adventurer James Brooke helped the Sultan of Brunei suppress a revolt, and in return received the title of raja and the right to govern the Sarawak River District. In 1846, his title was recognised as hereditary, and the "White Rajahs" began ruling Sarawak as a recognised independent state. The Brookes expanded Sarawak at the expense of Brunei.
Is English likely to be an official language in the northern parts of Borneo? | This example is NO. | CONDAQA |
2contradiction
| okay, i’ve been thinking about posting this on here for a while now, but i’ve been kinda nervous. i feel like a huge bitch for being upset about this, but at the same time i feel like it’s partially justified. i just need to hear an objective opinion.
anyway, lets get into it. my boyfriend and i have been together for a bit over two years and we’ve lived together for 8-9 months. i love him a lot, which is why i feel so guilty about being upset about this.
my boyfriend didn’t have a working phone until right after we moved in together (he had an iphone that he could text with if he had wifi, but he didnt have service or anything). we haven’t really texted much in our relationship because we would mostly just skype or facetime and talked there.
a running joke in our friend group is if you have to reach him, text me, because he never answers. i know his reasoning for not answering, and so do our closest friends, and those reasons do not apply to me or our closest friends.
sometimes i’ll text him if i need to say something while we’re in a public situation (it could vary from me just asking him if he’s okay if i notice he seems upset, to me asking if he wants to hang out with friends later). there are other times i text him, obviously, but in these situations i can actually see why he never replies to my texts. he’ll be on his phone, playing a game or scrolling instagram, and he either swipes up the text or just waits until the notification goes away on its own. even in times where i’ve texted him telling him i’m not feeling well and need his support (anxiety, y’all) and he still swipes them up. maybe he doesn’t read what it says before he swipes them up, because he is a huge sweetheart usually and i cant see him purposely ignoring something like that ? sometimes i ask him to check his texts if he ignores my text, and he always seems a little upset when i ask him to.
a couple people i’ve asked told me to talk to him about it, and i did, but he thought i was trying to start conflict. i explained that i wasn’t, but he said it was the way i worded it that made it seem that way. i thought over it, but i don’t understand how, because i tried to be really sweet and i reassured him that i wasn’t angry or anything like that, i just wanted to ask about why he is ignoring them and to tell him how it made me feel. im nervous to talk to him about it again, because i dont want to upset him or make him feel bad about it.
AITA for being really hurt about this? maybe i’m being childish, i don’t know. should i ignore it and get over it, or try to talk to him about it again?
TL;DR: boyfriend ignores my texts. AITA for feeling hurt about it?
(i’ll probably delete this after the discussion dies, bc i dont want my boyfriend to find this and get hurt. i really dont want to make him feel bad) | This example is WRONG. | scruples |
2contradiction
| PersonX is stuck in traffic PersonX is seen as agitated
PersonX is singing. | This example is strengthener. | defeasible-nli/atomic |
0entailment
| A brown dog being chased in a rural area A dog is being chased by a cat outside
A woman screams 'Honey, I see a big black animal on two legs chasing Barney!' | This example is weakener. | defeasible-nli/snli |
2contradiction
| Some singer is not a botanist.
Every astronaut is a chef.
No singer is an athlete.
Every astronaut convinces every athlete.
Some singer is not an astronaut.
Some detective is not a botanist.
No beekeeper is a chef.
Every guard plagiarises every acrobat.
Every acrobat is a journalist.
No athlete is an entrepreneur.
Every detective is a detective.
Every beekeeper antagonises some beekeeper.
Every guard plagiarises every acrobat.
No detective is a singer.
Some astronaut is a singer.
Every athlete is an astronaut.
Every entrepreneur is a singer.
Every journalist is a sailor.
No chef is an acrobat.
No acrobat is a singer.
No singer antagonises any beekeeper.
| This example is inconsistent. | natural-language-satisfiability |
2contradiction
| Er... well, to mince words, yes, I said.
Er... well, not to put too fine a point on it, yes,I said. | This example is Entailment. | FLUTE |
0entailment
| Does Lorem ipsum backwards fail to demonstrate alliteration? | This example is False. | strategy-qa |
Subsets and Splits
No saved queries yet
Save your SQL queries to embed, download, and access them later. Queries will appear here once saved.