labels
class label 2
classes | premise
stringlengths 0
563k
| hypothesis
stringlengths 18
65
| task
stringlengths 3
43
|
|---|---|---|---|
2contradiction
| Elizabeth Banks returned to her Wet Hot American Summer role.
Ivane -LRB- Vano -RRB- Nanuaschvili or Jan Nanuashvili -LRB- Georgian : ივანე ნანუაშვილი , -LSB- ɪvɑnɛ -LRB- vɑnɔ -RRB- nɑnʊɑʃvɪlɪ -RSB- ; January 1 , 1902 , Georgia -- 1974 , United States -RRB- was a Georgian military activist , officer of the Polish Army , political emigrant .. Georgian. Georgian people. Georgia. Georgia ( country ). Polish Army. Polish Army. Vano Nanuashvili contributed to the popularization of the Georgian culture and history , as well as the Georgian question in the USA .. Georgian. Georgian people | This example is related. | fever-evidence-related/mwong--fever-related |
2contradiction
| Koalas can be up to two feet, <mask> inches long. | This example is ten. | numer_sense |
2contradiction
| This was always one of the best dunkin donuts in town. | This example is negative. | dynasent/dynabench.dynasent.r1.all/r1 |
0entailment
| the food was good | This example is positive. | dynasent/dynabench.dynasent.r2.all/r2 |
0entailment
| His intellectually engaging books and <e1>essays</e1> remain pertinent to illuminating contemporary <e2>history</e2>. | This example is Other. | sem_eval_2010_task_8 |
2contradiction
| how much does U.S. pay on health care per person
The two countries had similar health care systems before Canada reformed its system in the 1960s and 1970s. | This example is True. | wiki_qa |
0entailment
| Cliff asked his dad for something that can brachiate. His dad brought him a prune. True or False: His father brought him what he asked for. | This example is False. | cycic_classification |
2contradiction
| A call of nature is another way of announcing a comfort break. | This example is no. | commonsense_qa_2.0 |
0entailment
| I believe genderbenders are gods error. they wont be let through the pearly gates | This example is hate. | dynahate |
2contradiction
| Costs of disability pensions are steadily growing in Western countries, mainly in Europe and the United States. It was reported that, in the UK, expenditure on disability pensions accounted for 0.9% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 1980; two decades later it had reached 2.6% of GDP. A link between increased time away from work due to illness and an increased risk of the need for a disability pension later in life has been reported in several studies.
Does it sound like employers may worry about an employee who takes sick days, because these short illnesses could be leading up to a more serious issue down the line, which could result in the loss of an employee? | This example is NO. | CONDAQA |
0entailment
| If this doesn’t fit let me know. I’m trying to sell my Xbox and 3 controllers and DVD remote for $50 CAD, which I thought was a good deal. But basically this guys is try to say its a rip off because the console it over 15 years old. AITA for trying to sell it for that much or is this guy just trying to guilt me into selling it for cheaper? | This example is RIGHT. | scruples |
2contradiction
| PersonX follows PersonX's course As a result, PersonX wants to have the life he wants
He has a lot of personal debt | This example is strengthener. | defeasible-nli/atomic |
0entailment
| A woman is leading an exercise group on the seashore. A group of people are on vacation
The group is dedicated to the program and come every week to exercise. | This example is weakener. | defeasible-nli/snli |
2contradiction
| Every botanist flees from every custodian.
Some plumber is an athlete.
Some custodian is an architect.
Some custodian is a singer.
No politician is a custodian.
Some singer commends no athlete.
Every director is an architect.
Some architect is a singer.
No acrobat is a manager.
Every plumber is a plumber.
No botanist is an architect.
Some artist is not a singer.
Every politician is an artist.
No researcher is an athlete.
Every artist is an artist.
Some sailor commends every architect.
Every manager is a plumber.
Every director is an acrobat.
Every architect is a singer.
No botanist commends any director.
No custodian scolds any botanist.
Every plumber is a singer.
| This example is inconsistent. | natural-language-satisfiability |
2contradiction
| I got my burger with millions of onions on it today when I specifically asked for no onions.
I was really happy that the burger place didn't listen to my request and put onions on my burger | This example is Entailment. | FLUTE |
0entailment
| Can you taste Law & Order? | This example is False. | strategy-qa |
0entailment
| A La Liga soccer team ranks higher than another if it receives more points. If two La Liga soccer teams recieve the same points, the team which recieves more points from the games between the two teams ranks higher. Real Madrid and Barcelona are both La Liga soccer teams. In La Liga 2021-2022, Real Madrid recieves 86 points and Barcelon recieves 73 points. In La Liga 2021-2022, Real Madrid and Barcelona both recieve 3 points from the games between them.
In La Liga 2021-2022, Real Madrid ranks higher than Barcelona. | This example is True. | folio |
2contradiction
| You can lower your electricity bill by using less heat.
Less heat, reduces your electricity bill | This example is yes. | avicenna |
0entailment
| Some plays by Shakespeare hinge on a character's Jealousy. | This example is true. | CREAK |
2contradiction
| We have two blocks. Lets call them A and B. Block A is to the right of B. Block A has two medium black squares. Medium black square number one is below a medium blue square and medium black square number two. The medium blue square is below medium black square number two. Block B contains a medium blue square. A medium yellow square is below the medium blue square.
Is the black shape that is above a medium black shape, to the right of the medium square that is above a medium yellow square? | This example is No. | spartqa-yn |
0entailment
| Tom has visited Cabo, Harry has visited New Zealand, Patrick has visited Switzerland, Leonard has visited Liechtenstein, Herman has visited Azerbaijan, Keith has visited Somalia
Harry didn't visit Finland | This example is not_contradiction. | clcd-english |
2contradiction
| Would you give it money?
beggar | This example is False. | twentyquestions |
0entailment
| This game was made by Sega. Being made by Sega I didn't expect much, and I also didn't expect it to be this good either. For starters the camera angles work for you in this game. The motorcycle is your means of getting around. The motorcycle is the funnest part in the game. Whenever you run in to something you just stick there and you don't move. You sometimes fall off the bike or wreck. The main character hardly talks even though he's got a voice that suits him. The graphics are supreme. You ride through trees on your bike. The camera makes fighting the enemy easier. This game would even be worth purchasing. | This example is Positive. | counterfactually-augmented-imdb |
2contradiction
| is confectionary different from powdered sugar? | This example is True. | boolq-natural-perturbations |
0entailment
| wish bjp or goi could use dr . shyamaprasad's birthday for raising awareness on abolition of article 370 & bringing in uniform civil code | This example is not_hate. | implicit-hate-stg1 |
0entailment
| Erin is huge. Erin is high. Gary is thin. Gary is little. Fiona is nice. Charlie is bad. Charlie is rough. If someone is not big then they are bad. If someone is not poor then they are smart. If someone is nice then they are clever. If someone is clever and not dull then they are quiet. If someone is bad and not big then they are sad. If someone is sad then they are short. All short people are small. If someone is thin and little then they are dull. If someone is dull and not clever then they are rough. If someone is rough then they are young. If someone is young then they are energetic. If someone is smart then they are wealthy. If someone is wealthy then they are kind. All kind people are clever. If someone is quiet then they are experienced. All experienced people are old.
Charlie is not clever. | This example is False. | PARARULE-Plus |
2contradiction
| The novel has been translated into more than 40 languages and has sold more than 20 million copies.
The novel has been translated into more than 20 languages and has sold more than 10 million copies. | This example is False. | ambient |
0entailment
| Generally, a mark can be removed from an object by its owner. | This example is True. | I2D2 |
2contradiction
| >>>>This debate has been very much a disappointment<<<< /////"You just stated that an omnibenevolent god is, by definition, always fair. So, if it is always fair, it should be fair to everyone, in everyone's eyes, instead of just one being. " That impossible, you can't make something fair for everyone. It's like making a single colour leaf both red and blue. 'fair' is different to everyone. It is relative. Reread round 2. Fair to me and you is not the same as fair to god or someone is Mecca. It's really that simple. By calling something fair you're giving it value, value from who? One self. If I shot person A and give $20 to person B what makes it unfair? Because killing someone is bad and giving money is good? Says who? Morality. Under Moral Relativism, morals are subjective. Some bipolar Sociopath might find murder salvation. [Eg. Heaven's Gate] /////"You just told me to prove a negative. The B. o. P is upon you to prove that God does have a moral code separate from us, since you are the one asserting he does. You can;t just say prove that he doesn't; that is fail. You have the B. o. P and you cannot just try and pass it on. It is logically upon you. " I don't have the burden of proof. Learn your logical fallacies. This is a negative proof fallacy or 'argumentum ad ignorantiam' argument from ignorance ON YOUR PART. You're saying God has 'X'. I'm saying God doesn't have 'X', prove he does. Who has the burden? Who? You, it's your assertion! You're mistaking the instigator of the assertion as the instigator of the debate/topic. How do you know that God finds anything lovely, evil, indifferent? You don't know. There's no way you can know. Christians have the bible to tel whats good or bad not what's fair(in gods eyes). I'm not saying: "god loves 'X'" I'm saying: "you don't know god 'X'. ////And you are the one -asserting- it isn't. The B. o. P is upon you. As above. //His morality might be better than ours, after all he's omniscience and you're not. // //I think you mean omni benevolent. And you used the wrong form of omniscient right there. All knowing - Omniscience [. http://en.wikipedia.org...] Also, "omnibenevolent" is one word. >>"pencil dropping analogy"<< "Actually, there will be neutral actions left. For instance, a good act would be to pick up a pencil someone dropped. A neutral act would be to not help, but not hurt either. . .. Wrong. Neutrality would be a zero, and good acts would rank higher than zero. See my pencil dropping analogy above. Neutral acts, you neither help nor hinder. Good acts, you help. Bad acts, you hinder. Nothing too confusing there. " We removed the ability to hinder. What is left is support and non action/neutrality. Support to emotion is subjective. If there's no ability to be hindered one won't even consider the possibility of being hindered. Your analogy still assumes things that hinders still exists. The mind set shifts. What is good is negated because there's no counterpart that gives it value. It is similar with light and the dark. See it from other Theologians below. CS Lewis: "My argument against God was that the universe seemed so cruel and unjust. But how had I got this idea of just and unjust? A man does not call a line crooked unless he has some idea of a straight line. What was I comparing this universe with when I called it unjust? .. . Of course I could have given up my idea of justice by saying it was nothing but a private idea of my own. But if I did that, then my argument against God collapsed too--for the argument depended on saying the world was really unjust, not simply that it did not happen to please my fancies" St Augustine: "And in the universe, even that which is called evil, when it is regulated and put in its own place, only enhances our admiration of the good; for we enjoy and value the good more when we compare it with the evil. For the Almighty God, who, as even the heathen acknowledge, has supreme power over all things, being Himself supremely good, would never permit the existence of anything evil among His works, if He were not so omnipotent and good that He can bring good even out of evil. For what is that which we call evil but the absence of good? In the bodies of animals, disease and wounds mean nothing but the absence of health; for when a cure is effected, that does not mean that the evils which were present—namely, the diseases and wounds—go away from the body and dwell elsewhere: they altogether cease to exist; for the wound or disease is not a substance, but a defect in the fleshly substance,—the flesh itself being a substance, and therefore something good, of which those evils—that is, privations of the good which we call health—are accidents. Just in the same way, what are called vices in the soul are nothing but privations of natural good. And when they are cured, they are not transferred elsewhere: when they cease to exist in the healthy soul, they cannot exist anywhere else. " ->On the Burden of Proof<- ////-Is of good conduct to do so I said it in the first round; bad conduct is if I changed my mind mid-debate causing you a hindrance and change of style, you accept my rules, my debate. How can I debate you if I have incomplete knowledge of your P. o. E, which you could so easily shift? It's not an attack on conduct. ////-Can be done with such a controversial topic Non sequitur, what has the controversial topic have to do with my debate style? ////-Can just be passed off without acceptance. It is unfair to try and pass of a B. o. P when you are asserting something. I. e. Prove God exists. Prove he doesn't. Argument ad infinitum. I don't think you know what an Argument from ignorance is. I'M NOT MAKING THE ASSERTION. Take this hypothetical situation: Ragnar Rahl challenges GodSands. He's INSTIGATING a debate on god existence with GodSands. Ragnar Rahl says: Prove God exists. God Sands says: Prove he doesn't, you made the claim you back it up, Argumentum ad infinitum. That's EXACTLY what you're doing. Again, how do you know that God finds anything lovely, evil, indifferent? ////--->This topic is not controversial relative to most mainstream debate topics. // ///I'm sure many others aside from myself would beg to differ. Want to debate it? Pro's argument against my main argument is well.
The Problem of evil is a good argument against God and Theodicy. | This example is PRO. | args_me |
0entailment
| school prayer cannot account for the array of beliefs or non-beliefs students may hold.
We should prohibit school prayer | This example is in favor of. | Touche23-ValueEval |
2contradiction
| Foreign interests could be funding anonymous issue ads
Funding transparency for TV issue ads in elections | This example is CON. | starcon |
0entailment
| Do you send duplicate cards? | This example is getting_spare_card. | banking77 |
0entailment
| The police arrested all of the gang members. They were trying to run the drug trade in the neighborhood. The They is more likely to refer to The gang members than The police because the gang was not only dealing drugs but also trying to run the drug trade.
In "The police arrested all of the gang members. They were trying to run the drug trade in the neighborhood. ", The They is more likely to refer to The gang members than The police because the gang was not only dealing drugs but also trying to run the drug trade. | This example is False. | winowhy |
2contradiction
| Uncompensated care has gone down by 30 percent just in the first few months of Medicaid expansion in the states that adopted it | This example is cognitive-bias. | mbib-base/cognitive-bias |
2contradiction
| Says Donald Trumpsfoundation took money other people gave to his charity and then bought a six foot tall painting of himself | This example is fake-news. | mbib-base/fake-news |
0entailment
| my wife is a nurse on the floor right now all night hours i love you baby | This example is gender-bias. | mbib-base/gender-bias |
0entailment
| You are paying for the health care provider s time Why don t you just buy a scale and check healthy weight tables | This example is not hate-speech. | mbib-base/hate-speech |
0entailment
| another legend about pcp is that some people who have taken it have engaged in cannibalism and other bizarre acts of violence and this one has actually occurred | This example is not linguistic-bias. | mbib-base/linguistic-bias |
2contradiction
| Shapiro on leftists dividing America | This example is not political-bias. | mbib-base/political-bias |
2contradiction
| evangelion was bad and that red headed girl is annoying as fuck nice art though | This example is racial-bias. | mbib-base/racial-bias |
2contradiction
| DEUS VULT | This example is text-level-bias. | mbib-base/text-level-bias |
2contradiction
| [Pete] bought his sister [Carrie] a video game for her birthday. She said it was her favorite game and gave him a big hug. [Carrie] was playing tag with her father [Francisco]. [Joshua] needed someone to help him move out of his dorm last May. He asked his brother [Francisco] and he said he would help him.
('Pete', 'Joshua') | This example is sister. | v1/gen_train234_test2to10 |
0entailment
| Those who believe in behavior modification obviously want to try to control everyone by subjecting them to rewards and punishments. | This example is fallacy of extension. | logical-fallacy |
2contradiction
| buying and selling goods electronically
(ec or e-commerce) describes the process of buying, selling, transferring, or exchanging products, services, or information via computer networks, including the internet. | This example is not-paraphrase. | parade |
2contradiction
| For those who are not jyka and are not hwax, the probability of lirg is 68%. For those who are not jyka and are hwax, the probability of lirg is 19%. For those who are jyka and are not hwax, the probability of lirg is 55%. For those who are jyka and are hwax, the probability of lirg is 0%. For those who are not jyka, the probability of hwax is 49%. For those who are jyka, the probability of hwax is 9%.
If we disregard the mediation effect through hwax, would jyka positively affect lirg? | This example is yes. | cladder |
2contradiction
| The Biden administration is breathing a (perhaps temporary) sigh of relief, as it pulled out all the stops to avert a strike.
| This example is SUBJ. | subjectivity |
2contradiction
| The electrons were perturbed by the passing ion
perturbed | This example is literal. | MOH |
2contradiction
| and he said get me a padded shirt, he said, Joycie's getting me one he said and I want two.
said | This example is metaphorical. | VUAC |
0entailment
| Inhibited children tend to be timid with new people , objects , and situations , while uninhibited children spontaneously approach them .
Simply put , shy invividuals tend to be more timid with new people and situations . | This example is equivalent. | glue/mrpc |
0entailment
| How reliable is UPS Freight?
Where can I find the freight flight schedule or status for DHL, FedEx or UPS? | This example is not_duplicate. | glue/qqp |
2contradiction
| have the milwaukee bucks ever won a championship | This example is False. | super_glue/boolq |
2contradiction
| After his cousin Joe dies , Layne Vassimer and his girlfriend Macy , along with their friends Stephen , Maurice , Iris and Katrina , decide to clean up Joe's house with the intention of selling it . When they see it for the first time , they discover the house completely covered in plates of iron armor . The group also finds crop circles in the nearby cornfield . When Iris , one of their friends , suddenly disappears they realize something is really wrong . During a blackout , the house is attacked by aliens , who had previously killed Joe and abducted Iris . The group figures out the aliens are allergic to iron , Joe had covered the house in it to keep them out . They attempt to fight the aliens off , but the house is eventually blown up with Layne , Macy , and Katrina the only survivors . In the end , they drive off , listening to the radio . They hear a news report stating that the blackout they experienced affects five western states and parts of Canada . They also hear that people everywhere are being attacked by `` strange creatures . '' How do the survivors hear the news report about the blackout?
Listening to the car radio | This example is False. | super_glue/multirc |
0entailment
| spill : Spill the milk. :
spill : The former employee spilled all the details. : | This example is False. | super_glue/wic |
0entailment
| A man is riding a bicycle down a road while being closely followed by a German shepherd and possibly a black Labrador as two younger men walk along the curb toward them .
It is likely that a person riding swiftly | This example is valid. | probability_words_nli/usnli |
0entailment
| There is a very good chance that John left the milk. There is a better than even chance that Lily is yellow. There is a better than even chance that Jeff moved to the office.
Chances are about even that john left the milk, and Lily is yellow. | This example is invalid. | probability_words_nli/reasoning_1hop |
2contradiction
| It is impossible that Mary moved to the office. We doubt that Fred went to the kitchen. It is almost certain that Winona is a cat. It is almost certain that if Winona is a cat, or Fred went to the kitchen, then Daniel got the milk. It is almost certain that if either Mary moved to the office, or Fred went to the kitchen, then John discarded the apple. Chances are about even that if Winona is a cat, and Mary moved to the office, then Greg is yellow.
We doubt that fred went to the kitchen, and John discarded the apple. | This example is valid. | probability_words_nli/reasoning_2hop |
0entailment
| Linguists studied the ancestors of the German people before the 19th century .
But some very clever comparative linguists , beginning in Germany in the 19th century , theorized about how the nature of the ancestors of the more modern tongues . | This example is contradiction. | robust_nli_li_ts |
0entailment
| White House acknowledges Obama can't close Gitmo
Mark Zuckerberg, in Suit, Testifies in Oculus Intellectual Property Trial | This example is same_event. | hlgd |
0entailment
| Pepsi Next was established in March 2013 in France and in March 2014 in Finland and Canada .
Pepsi Next was first implemented in March 2013 in Finland and Canada , in March 2014 in France . | This example is not_paraphrase. | paws/labeled_final |
2contradiction
| Sandeep Marwah has been honored by Hussain with the life membership of International Film And Television Club of Asian Academy of Film & Television at Noida Film City .
Hussain has been honored by Sandeep Marwah with the life membership of International Film And Television Club of Asian Academy of Film & Television at Noida Film City . | This example is paraphrase. | paws/labeled_swap |
2contradiction
| Cut my finger about 10hrs ago. It looked deep quickly cleaned and dressed it, now you can barely tell I cut it. Is it possible to heal this quicly?
How long does a cut on finger usually take to heal? If a cut on finger is barely visible after a few hours, like 10 hrs of getting the cut, does that mean it has healed? Just wondering if it can heal that quickly. | This example is False. | medical_questions_pairs |
2contradiction
| Harry coughed himself into a fit. | This example is unacceptable. | glue/cola |
2contradiction
| keep the movie from ever reaching the comic heights it obviously desired . | This example is positive. | glue/sst2 |
0entailment
| Have your views of the world changed since you were a child? | This example is valid question. | insincere-questions |
2contradiction
| '. image source: cops are just morons. here 12 .... some of the worst huffpost.tulsa police kill unarmed black man while he had hands tulsa in air. 600 x 400 * 225 kb jpeg, larry lincoln oct 1 2011 by twincities : a few seconds into an august news conference about ....heartbreaking alleged officer as teenager heartbreaking standing his grandfather's coffin before performing cpr after heart attack when saw brutality ...cops got away with spray painting 'all lives matter' on confederate ... sheriff's office logo was spray-painted over.dallas order 'civilians' to bait suspect chris and krystle campbell pictured christopher's sister, ashleee. facebook via .why america loves (truthfully). i have never trusted cops. no doubt my distrust is result watching too much television countless movies, being history major.this what -- kidding want you believe toi - times india.police force apologises for tweet telling p le how really telling' | This example is gpt2_small. | TuringBench |
2contradiction
| What is the origin of the name ` Scarlett ' ? | This example is LOC:other. | trec |
2contradiction
| Lanzarote is located to the north of Africa .
It is located approximately off the coast of Africa and from the Iberian Peninsula . | This example is SUPPORTS. | vitaminc/tals--vitaminc |
0entailment
| the hate this woman gets for helping people and her artistry is really something else | This example is Non_hope_speech. | hope_edi/english |
2contradiction
| BREAKING: At least 10 killed in shooting at French satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo, Paris prosecutor's office says. http://t.co/mnAeA7j7fY
@cnni oh my gosh | This example is deny. | rumoureval_2019/RumourEval2019 |
0entailment
| All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars." | This example is no_hate_speech. | ethos/binary |
0entailment
| @user @user nah way that's horrible | This example is anger. | tweet_eval/emotion |
0entailment
| @user @user @user @user please spread the word ->> using frequent flyer miles to reunite immigrant families! | This example is non-hate. | tweet_eval/hate |
0entailment
| I refuse to be weak... #workout #motivation #fitfam | This example is non_irony. | tweet_eval/irony |
0entailment
| @user @user The left has a plan that is popular with liberals. Their Campaign Platform is all free stuff for everybody all the time. Everyone is welcomed at all times to come to America . We will support them too. Where are the funds to support these plans? The left doesn’t knowor care. | This example is non-offensive. | tweet_eval/offensive |
0entailment
| "Former BE man gives Gov. Scott Walker a gift - Last week Tuesday, Engesser met up with Republican presidential can... | This example is neutral. | tweet_eval/sentiment |
0entailment
| A pregnancy, planned or unplanned, brings spouses,families & everyone closer to each other. #Life is beautiful! #USA #SemST | This example is against. | tweet_eval/stance_abortion |
0entailment
| Our cause is making definite marks. Never stop. #Think #SemST | This example is none. | tweet_eval/stance_atheism |
2contradiction
| Negative times a negative equals a positive...wonder if that applies to emotions too??? #manthoughts #sustainablehumans #SemST | This example is against. | tweet_eval/stance_climate |
0entailment
| I'm blocked by 4 of the most frequent posters on #YesAllWomen. 2 of which I've never even debated with. Can't handle facts #SemST | This example is against. | tweet_eval/stance_feminist |
0entailment
| Hopefully Hillary Clinton gets cancer and dies before she gets the opportunity to embarrass our country any further. #july4th #SemST | This example is against. | tweet_eval/stance_hillary |
2contradiction
| Nature Freak. #sorrynotsorry #TrapAndTravel @ San Bernardino, California | This example is 😎. | tweet_eval/emoji |
2contradiction
| that is just 12 per cent of the $41.35 weekly tax cut that they have received from the first three years of this government.
Taxpayers affected by the recent disasters-not just the floods but also Cyclone Yasi and the Western Australian bushfires-will not have to pay this levy if they meet certain criteria. | This example is oddly,. | discovery/discovery |
2contradiction
| i didn't realize that dallas had that same problem. | This example is Tag-Question. | pragmeval/switchboard |
2contradiction
| should we do our digits? | This example is Floor Holder. | pragmeval/mrda |
0entailment
| but i do not expect the world to change for me. | This example is unverifiable. | pragmeval/verifiability |
0entailment
| mass grave found in mexico holds bodies of missing students
a mass grave points to a student massacre in mexico | This example is for. | pragmeval/emergent |
2contradiction
| this system can also be used longitudinally
to study how the workforce 's composition changes over time , | This example is evaluation. | pragmeval/gum |
2contradiction
| "yes, he says, premiums on such variable-rate coverage can be structured to ""vanish"" after a certain period -- but usually only if interest rates stay high enough to generate sufficient cash to cover the annual cost of insurance protection"
if interest rates plunge, the insurer may be knocking on my door, asking for steeper premium payments to maintain the same amount of protection | This example is Synchrony. | pragmeval/pdtb |
0entailment
| fat americans though
haha | This example is Comment. | pragmeval/stac |
2contradiction
| hmmm? okay, what if i chose to reproduce via binary fission? will both of me go to heaven?
only one of you i guess this is when the score card will come in handy | This example is sarc. | pragmeval/sarcasm |
2contradiction
| so ... i would advise you ... though computer packages are excellent , it is also extremely important to identify the things that can ... absorb your time when they shouldn't | This example is Negative. | silicone/sem |
0entailment
| and we'll see what we can do | This example is offer. | silicone/oasis |
2contradiction
| Chris says they 're closing down the bar . | This example is positive. | silicone/meld_s |
0entailment
| Chris says they 're closing down the bar . | This example is sadness. | silicone/meld_e |
0entailment
| like a big curve like | This example is check. | silicone/maptask |
0entailment
| what's going on here ? | This example is no emotion. | silicone/dyda_e |
2contradiction
| what's going on here ? | This example is commissive. | silicone/dyda_da |
2contradiction
| There is no point in coming down here. | This example is sur. | silicone/iemocap |
2contradiction
| 329 U.S. 379
67 S.Ct. 332
91 L.Ed. 359
UNITED STATESv.SHERIDAN.
No. 53.
Argued Nov. 12, 13, 1946.
Decided Dec. 23, 1946.
Rehearing Denied Feb. 3, 1947.
See 329 U.S. 834, 67 S.Ct. 628.
Leon Ulman, of Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
John H. Pickering, of Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Mr. Justice RUTLEDGE delivered the opinion of the Court.
1
Sheridan was indicted on three counts for having violated § 3 of the National Stolen Property Act, as amended, 48 Stat. 795, 53 Stat. 1178, 18 U.S.C. §§ 413—419, 18 U.S.C.A. §§ 413—419. A jury found him guilty on all counts.1 On the authority of Kann v. United States, 323 U.S. 88, 65 S.Ct. 148, 89 L.Ed. 88, 157 A.L.R. 406, the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit reversed the conviction, 152 F.2d 57. Because of doubt as to the applicability of the Kann case, we granted certiorari.2 328 U.S. 829, 66 S.Ct. 1020.
2
Each count charged that Sheridan with fraudulent intent, caused the transportation in interstate commerce of a specified forged check, knowing it to have been forged. The proof3 offered to support these counts showed that on July 19, 1943, in Jackson, Michigan, Sheridan cashed three checks, receiving for them either cash or cash and hotel service or goods. Two, which were made the basis of counts one and two, were drawn on a bank in Cape Girardeau, Missouri, were payable to the order of 'P.H.D. Sheridan,' and purported to be drawn by 'U.S.E.F.C. 14A, A. J. Davis, Commissioner. As will be seen, it is not necessary to consider the third count, involving the other check.
3
From the endorsements it was clear that each check had been honored by banks at Jackson, Michigan. They forwarded the two checks drawn on the Missouri bank to it for payment. Both were marked 'no account' and returned to the forwarding bank. An agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation testified that his office had conducted an investigation in Washington, D.C., and that the United States Department of Commerce had no agent 'U.S.E.F.C. 14A,' nor one 'A. J. Davis, Commissioner.'
4
Sheridan was sentenced to five years' imprisonment on each count, the sentences to run concurrently. Hence, if the conviction on any is valid, it is unnecessary to consider the convictions on the other two. Hirabayashi v. United States, 320 U.S. 81, 85, 63 S.Ct. 1375, 1378, 87 L.Ed. 1774; Pinkerton v. United States, 328 U.S. 640, n. 1, 66 S.Ct. 1180. Accordingly, for the purposes of this decision it may be taken that only the convictions on counts one and two are in issue.4
5
* The pertinent part of amended § 3 is set out in the margin.5 Whether or not Sheridan's situation is within the intended coverage depends upon the answer to be given to two questions, namely: (1) Did he cause to be transported in interstate commerce any forged security;6 (2) if so, did he do this 'with unlawful or fraudulent intent'? It is in these respects that the section's meaning must be determined.
6
It is not questioned that the checks were 'securities,' that they were 'forged,' or that they were transported in interstate commerce.7 It is urged, however, that Sheridan did not 'cause' the transportation, since his objective was attained when he cashed the checks and what happened to them later was of no consequence to him or his plan. Hence it is concluded that he can be said to have 'caused' the transportation only in the sense that it would not have occurred if he had not cashed the checks. This 'but for' relation is considered insufficient since the statute is thought not simply to forbid use of interstate commerce for transportation of forged securities without more; but to out-law such use only when it contributes to or is an essential part of carrying out the intended specific fraud.
7
The second contention, though stated differently, comes substantially to the same thing. It is that, upon the assumption Sheridan may be held to have 'caused' the transportation, still he did not do so with the requisite 'unalwful or fraudulent intent,' namely, to aid in completing the fraud. These views are bolstered by strong reliance on the Kann decision.
8
The Government answers with essentially two arguments. One is drawn primarily from the embodiment of amended § 3 in the National Stolen Property Act. It is shortly that the offense takes color and character from the other offenses with which it is associated in the context of § 3. Broadly, therefore the Government says that the section as amended excludes forged securities from interstate transportation just as it does stolen goods,8 money or securities, counterfeited securities and counterfeiting tools, or for that matter just as diseased cattle, lottery tickets, adulterated foods, etc., are excluded under various statutes related to the National Stolen Property Act.9 More narrowly the Government argues that the transportation here necessarily aided or contributed to the perpetration of the fraud, if not by enabling respondent to secure possession originally of its fruits, then by giving him the necessary interval to make his escape; and thus to avoid either prosecution or restitution of the amount which early detection would make probable.
9
As an entirely fresh matter we should have difficulty in avoiding the force of the Government's views. The setting of the offense in amended § 3, together with the complete absence of anything in the legislative history to indicate that causing interstate transportation of forged securities was designed to be treated differently from causing the transportation of stolen goods, counterfeited securities, counterfeiting tools, etc., indicates plainly that transporting all these articles is to be treated in the same manner and, moreover, not in the limited sense for which respondent argues.
10
Congress had in mind preventing further frauds or the completion of frauds partially executed. But it also contemplated coming to the aid of the states in detecting and punishing criminals whose offenses are complete under state law, but who utilize the channels of interstate commerce to make a successful get away and thus make the state's detecting and punitive processes impotent.10 This was indeed one of the most effective ways of preventing further frauds as well as irrevocable completion of partially executed ones. In the light of this purpose, we do not believe that Congress intended to restrict the prohibited transportation of stolen goods, securities and money, or of counterfeited securities and counterfeiting tools, to situations where it would be effective to complete a specific fraud, in the sense of enabling the defrauder to secure possession initially of what he seeks. The intent was more general.
11
It is true that amended § 3 forbids the interstate transportation of forged and counterfeited securities, and forging and counterfeiting tools, 'With unlawful or fraudulent intent,' while the earlier proscribed transportation of stolen goods, securities and money is not required in terms to be done with such an intent, but only with knowledge that they have been stolen. This difference would seem to be entirely procedural, not substantive in character.11 But, in any event, it is not controlling here. For the question remains whether the Kann case requires us to hold that 'with unlawful or fraudulent intent' must be taken as restricting the forbidden transportation to cases where that element aids in originally securing the fruits of the fraud.
II
12
That case held that one alleged to be party to a fraudulent scheme could not be convicted under § 215 of the Criminal Code, 18 U.S.C. § 338, 18 U.S.C.A. § 338, for using the mails 'for the purpose of executing such scheme' by proving that he or his associates cashed checks, receiving the proceeds at forwarding banks, which in turn mailed them to the drawee banks for collection, the checks being neither forged nor dishonored by the banks on which they were drawn. We think the case is distinguishable both on the statutes applied and on the facts. In order that comparison may be exact, we set forth the applicable wording of the two sections.
13
Section 215 of the Criminal Code, involved in the Kann case, is as follows: 'Whoever, having devised * * * any scheme or artifice to defraud, or for obtaining money or property by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises, * * * shall, for the purpose of executing such scheme or artifice or attempting so to do, place, or cause to be placed, any letter * * * in any post office, or * * * cause to be delivered by mail according to the direction thereon * * * any such letter, * * * shall be fined not more than $1,000, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.' (Emphasis added.)
14
Amended § 3 of the Stolen Property Act reads pertinently, except for its important contextual coloring:12 '* * * whoever with unlawful or fraudulent intent shall transport or cause to be transported in interstate * * * commerce any falsely made, forged, altered, or counterfeited securities, knowing the same to have been falsely made, forged, altered, or counterfeited * * * shall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 or by imprisonment for not more than ten years, or both * * *.' (Emphasis added.) Under § 215 the express requireme t is that the mailing or causing to be delivered by mail shall be 'for the purpose of executing such scheme or artifice or attempting so to do.' There is no such explicit requirement in amended § 3. The wording there is that the interstate transportation shall be done 'with unlawful or fraudulent intent.' This different wording and the difference in the contextual settings of the proscriptions have meaning, we think, to make their effects distinct. We emphasize at the outset that amended § 3 is part of a scheme of federal-state cooperation in apprehending and punishing criminals, while § 215 deals only with a distinctly federal crime.
15
The language of amended § 3 is broader and less specific than that of § 215. The word 'unlawful' in the former is not to be ignored. Nor is it to be rendered meaningless by identifying it with 'fraudulent,' more especially if the latter is to be endowed with the restrictive connotation, not expressly stated, of 'for the purpose of executing such scheme.' The word 'unlawful' has no such narrow meaning. Literally it is broad enough to include any unlawful purpose, such as to aid in concealing what has been done and thus in avoiding prosecution and restoration.
16
Moreover, in the Kann setting, the quoted wording now sought to be read into amended § 3 was restricted to significance in relation to getting the proceeds of the checks irrevocably, and the subsequent mailing was held to have no significant influence in producing that effect or, therefore, upon completing the scheme;13 or, moreover, toward concealing the crime.
17
Whether or not in those circumstances the mailing had concealing effects, the situation in this respect was very different from the one now presented. The checks there were not forged or altered. Here they were. There the checks were honored by the drawees after the mailing. Here they were dishonored after the transportation. There the payee—indorsers knew they would not be. In that case the mailing was much less likely to produce disclosure than was the transportation in this one. Accordingly the irrevocable completion of the scheme was much less affected by the mailing than it was by the transportation here. So also with any concealing effect of the transportation and, therefore, with any unlawful or fraudulent intent concerning it.
18
Indeed the Kann opinion recognized that in other circumstances a different result might be called for, even under the explicit and restricted purposive requirement of § 215. For in putting aside the cases sustaining convictions where use of the mails was 'a means of concealment so that further frauds which are part of the scheme may be perpetrated,'14 the Court said: 'In these the mailing has ordinarily had a much closer relation to further fraudulent conduct than has the mere clearing of a check, although it is conceivable that this alone, in some settings, would be enough.' 323 U.S. at page 95, 65 S.Ct. at page 151, 89 L.Ed. 88, 157 A.L.R. 406.
19
The Court was not dealing with the transmission of a forged check, certain to be dishonored after the mailing or transportation, or therefore with a situation in which the forbidden transmission was either so likely to result in disclosure of the crime or so obviously intended to provide an interval for escape before that disclosure would be made.15 We cannot say that in circumstances such as are now here the same result would have been reached in applying § 215, in view of these differences and the express reservation made for other situations involving greater possibilities for concealment.
20
This is enough to distinguish the Kann case. But we think, in addition, we would be altogether unjustified to rewrite the words 'with unlawful or fraudulent intent' to mean 'for the purpose of executing such scheme or artifice' in the sense of aiding to secure possession of the proceeds of the checks irrevocably, which was the meaning given that phrase in the Kann decision. Apart from the absence here of irrevocability in the legal sense, to do this would be to disregard what we think was Congress' clear purpose to make amended § 3, like the section in its original form, a means of apprehension and of punishment substantially, though not strictly in the legal sense, for past crimes of the sort specified in situations where interstate commerce was used as a method of defeating the state's exercise of those functions.
21
We cannot thus tear the transportation of forged checks from its setting and give it the distinct status, with reference to intent, as compared with the other forbidden transportations, which we think would result from respondent's reading. In amending § 3 Congress was extending the federal law enforcement arm to reach primarily the larger dealers in forged and counterfeited securities.16 Not only forged checks, but forged or counterfeited bonds and coupons, as well as other forms of securities, and the instruments with which these are made, were the target. The legislative history shows that the purpose was to bring operators in these false securities into substantially the same reach of federal power as applied to others dealing in stolen goods, securities and money.17 In one respect the object was to make their apprehension and conviction more easy, for the $5,000 minimum in value was intentionally omitted. The amendment was thus an extension, not a contraction of the preexisting provisions.
22
The purpose however was not to reach persons innocently, but knowingly, transporting the forbidden articles. Hence it was necessary to introduce safeguarding language. This was done by inserting 'with unlawful or fraudulent intent.' Broad as this was, it was sufficient for the purpose of excluding innocent transportation. We do not think it was also intended to safeguard the counterfeiter or professional forger, simply because the transportation alleged and proved does not aid him initially in securing the possession of the proceeds of his fraudulent dispositions. To take this view would nullify much of the amendment's intended effectiveness.
23
Nor can we treat forged checks differently from other securities, either because they are forged or because the forgery is done by 'little fellows' who perhaps were not the primary aim of the congressional fire. The statute expressly includes checks.18 It makes no distinction between large and small operators. There is no room for implying such a distinction in view of the absence of the $5,000 limitation with respect to the transportation of forged checks. Whether or not Congress had in mind primarily such small scale transactions as Sheridan's, his operation was covered literally and we think purposively. Had this not been intended, appropriate exception could easily have been made.
24
If it is assumed that the evidence supports the conclusions on which the case has come here,19 Sheridan perpetrated three frauds, including two forgeries, in one day. Forgery, thus repeated, is not amateurish, though the amounts obtained are small. Notoriously the crime done once becomes habitual. And forgers are notoriously itinerant. Drawing the check upon an out-of-state bank, knowing it must be sent there for presentation, is an obviously facile way to delay and often to defeat apprehension, conviction and restoration of the illgo ten gain. There are sound reasons therefore why Congress would wish not to exclude such persons, among them the very case with which they may escape the state's grasp.
25
A word will dispose of the idea that Sheridan did not 'cause' the transportation. Certainly he knew the checks would have to be sent to the Missouri bank for collection. Given the proven forgery and uttering, no other conclusion would be possible. Necessarily, too, it would follow he intended the paying bank to send the checks there for that purpose. He knew they must cross state lines to be presented. One who induces another to do exactly what he intends, and does so by defrauding him, hardly can be held not to 'cause' what is so done. The Kann case itself is authority for the Government on this point, in fact goes farther than is necessary here. For, as respected the same contention there advanced, the opinion said: '* * * we think it is a fair inference that those defendants who drew, or those who cashed, the checks believed that the banks which took them would mail them to the banks on which they were drawn, and assuming petitioner participated in the scheme, their knowledge was his knowledge.' 323 U.S. at page 93, 65 S.Ct. at page 150, 89 L.Ed. 88, 157 A.L.R. 406. The statement was in answer to argument that Kann had not 'caused' the mailing.
III
26
Since the Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the conviction on all counts on its view that the Kann case was controlling, it did not discuss respondent's other contentions. These are renewed here. They are, first, that the evidence was insufficient to support the verdict; and, second, that certain testimony was inadmissible including that of the federal agent to the effect that the Department of Commerce had no agency 'U.S.E.F.C. 14A' nor one 'A. J. Davis, Commissioner.' On the facts the two contentions are closely related.20
27
We express no opinion as to the admissibility of the evidence. It is desirable that the litigants and this Court, if the case is again before us, have the benefit of the views of the Circuit Court of Appeals. See United States v. Ballard, 322 U.S. 78, 88, 64 S.Ct. 882, 887, 88 L.Ed. 1148. However, with respect to the first contention, upon the assumption that the record, as stipulated, correctly sets forth the evidence introduced by the Government and also that all the evidence was admissible, it follows from our discussion of the statute that the evidence was sufficient to send the case to the jury. The jury properly could have inferred that respondent had forged the checks in question;21 that he therefore had knowledge of their spurious character; and, furthermore, that the checks were negotiated and caused to be transported with unlawful or fraudulent intent.
28
However, counsel assigned here for respondent calls our attention to the fact that the instructions given and the rulings on instructions requested do not appear in the record. He suggests that, if the cause should be remanded to the Circuit Court of Appeals for further proceedings, it would be appropriate for us to suggest to that court in the remand that it exercise its powers to secure a complete bill of exceptions, including the instructions given and all pertinent rulings in connection therewith.
29
That course has been followed in unusual circumstances. See Miller v. United States, 317 U.S. 192, 199, 200, 63 S.Ct. 187, 191, 87 L.Ed. 179; Helwig v. United States, 328 U.S. 820, 66 S.Ct. 1336. Such circumstances are presented on this record. Respondent defended himself at the trial. He did not have counsel on the appeal. The case is here in forma pauperis, and it is stated in his brief that 'respondent is now confined in a Michigan state prison is without funds and is unable to employ counsel of his own choice.' Since the decision in Miller v. United States, supra, the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure have taken effect22 and expressly provide that they shall govern all proceedings pending at the effective date 'so far as just and practicable.'23 Rule 59. Bills of exception are abolished.24 Since the record contains a statement of the evidence, apparently the only serious deficiency is the in matters relating to the instructions, noted above. In these circumstances we think taking any corrective action, in this respect or otherwise, in the interest of seeing that substantial justice is done, well may be left to the judgment of the Court of Appeals.
30
The judgment is reversed and the cause is remanded to that court for further proceedings in conformity with this opinion.
31
The CHIEF JUSTICE and Mr. Justice DOUGLAS dissent.
1
The record states that respondent 'having been fully informed of his constitutional right to counsel, and having been asked whether he desired counsel assigned * * * stated he did not desire the assistance of counsel.'
2
Since certiorari was granted Clarke v. Sanford, 156 F.2d 115, has been decided by the Fifth Circuit. It appears to be in conflict with the case at bar. See also Tolle v. Sanford, D.C., 58 F.Supp. 695.
3
The proceedings at trial were not stenographically reported. Hence the parties prepared a statement of evidence from memory and from notes made during the course of the trial, and stipulated that it 'substantially sets forth the testimony and evidence' presented by the Government. Upon approval of the District Court, the statement was made part of the record.
4
Count two is identical in effect with count one for the purpose of the argument made here. Count 3, however, involves a check signed by respondent in his own name as maker, and the Government—apparently of the view that such a check is not 'altered' or 'counterfeited'—states: 'It is not clear that such a check is falsely made or forged within the general law.'
5
The pertinent text of § 3 is as follows: 'Whoever shall transport or cause to be transported in interstate or foreign commerce any goods, wares, or merchandise, securities, or money, of the value of $5,000 or more theretofore stolen, feloniously converted, or taken feloniously by fraud or with intent to steal or purloin, knowing the same to have been so stolen, feloniously converted, or taken, or whoever with unlawful or fraudulent intent shall transport or cause to be transported in interstate or foreign commerce any falsely made, forged, altered, or counterfeited securities, knowing the same to have been falsely made, forged, altered, or counterfeited, or whoever with unlawful or fraudulent intent shall transport, or cause to be transported in interstate or foreign commerce, any bed piece, bed plate, roll, plate, die, seal, stone, type, or other tool, implement, or thing used or fitted to be used in falsely making, forging, altering, or counterfeiting any security, or any part thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 or by imprisonment for not more than ten years, or both * * *.' 48 Stat. 794, 795, as amended by 53 Stat. 1178. (Emphasis added.)
6
The Act, § 2(b), defines the term 'securities' as including checks.
7
The sufficiency of the evidence to prove the fact of forgery is challenged, principal contentions, it is conceded cf. Part III, but for the purposes of the arguendo.
8
See Hearings before the Committee on the Judiciary on H.R. 10287, 70th Cong., 1st Sess.; H.Rep. 2528, 70th Cong., 2d Sess.; H.Rep. 1462, 73d Cong., 2d Sess.; S.Rep. 538, 73d Cong., 2d Sess.; H.Rep. 1599, 73d Cong., 2d Sess.; H.Rep. 422, 76th Cong., 1st Sess.; S.Rep. 674, 76th Cong., 1st Sess.
See note 5 for pertinent text of § 3.
9
The National Stolen Property Act is said to be modeled after the National Motor Vehicle Theft Act, 41 Stat. 324, 18 U.S.C.A. § 408. H.Rep. 2528, 70th Cong., 2d Sess., 4; H.Rep. 1462, 73d Cong., 2d Sess., 2.
See also the Animal Industry Act of 1884, 23 Stat. 31; the Act for the Suppression of Lottery Traffic of 1895, 28 Stat. 963; the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, 34 Stat. 768, 21 U.S.C.A. § 1 et seq.; the White Slave Traffic Act of 1910, 36 Stat. 825, 18 U.S.C.A. § 397 et seq.; the Webb-Kenyon Act of 1913, 37 Stat. 699, 27 U.S.C.A. § 122.
10
See H.Rep. 2528, 70th Cong., 2d Sess., 2: 'Most of the States have laws covering the underlying principle of this proposed legislation, but it must be remembered that the jurisdiction of the State court does not reach into all of the States, especially when the matter of producing witnesses and bringing to court the proof is concerned.' See also Hearings before the Committee on the Judiciary on H.R. 10287, supra note 8, passim.
11
One who knowingly transports stolen goods would do so for one of three sorts of objects, namely: (1) to dispose of them or use them unlawfully; (2) to aid in concealing the theft, thus avoiding prosecution for himself or another; or (3) for some purpose wholly innocent, such as to turn them over to the police or the rightful owner.
In the first two instances there would be inherent in the act 'unlawful intent' or 'fraudulent intent,' though proof of this might not be required apart from the proof of knowledge and absence of any showing of innocent purpose. Congress obviously did not intend to make criminal such an instance as the third. However, proof of the innocent intent might be required as matter of defense, the other elements being made out. In other words, it may well be doubted that adding the requirement 'With unlawful or fraudulent intent' in the amended part of the section added anything to the substantive crime; for its effect is apparently only to require the state to allege and prove the unlawful or fraudulent intent, rather than to require the defendant to allege and prove his innocent purpose.
12
See note 5.
13
It was as to this conclusion that four members of the Court dissented. 323 U.S. at page 95, 65 S.Ct. at page 151, 89 L.Ed. 88, 157 A.L.R. 406.
14
United States v. Lowe, 7 Cir., 115 F.2d 596; Dunham v. United States, 5 Cir., 125 F.2d 895; United States v. Riedel, 7 Cir., 126 F.2d 81.
15
The discovery of the scheme resulted from an examination of the allegedly defrauded corporation's books by a Government exam ner, not as here from return of the checks unpaid by the forwarding bank.
16
See the letter from the Attorney General to Senator Ashurst, Chairman of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, set out in S.Rep. 674, 76th Cong., 1st Sess., 2.
17
Ibid.
18
See note 6.
19
See Part III.
20
It is argued that excluding the evidence regarded as inadmissible would render the remaining evidence insufficient.
21
That is, the checks which form the basis of counts 1 and 2. We express no opinion concerning the check on which count 3 was based. See note 4.
22
18 U.S.C. following § 687, 18 U.S.C.A. following section 687, effective March 21, 1946.
23
In this case the indictment was filed on October 27, 1944; the jury verdict and judgment were filed on November 30, 1944; the judgment of the Circuit Court of Appeals was entered on November 19, 1945; and a Government petition for rehearing was denied on February 28, 1946. Certiorari was granted on May 13, 1946.
24
See Rule 39(c) and the note prepared under the direction of the Advisory Committee on Rules for Criminal Procedure. 'The new rule supersedes Rule VII, VIII, and IX of the Criminal Appeals Rules of 1933, 292 U.S. 661. One of the results of the change is the abolition of bills of exception.' S.Doc. 175, 79th Cong., 2d Sess., 62, 63.
| This example is 8. | lex_glue/scotus |
0entailment
| The Company will employ Executive as its [ ] reporting to the [Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“ CEO ”) and the] Company’s Board of Directors (the “ Board ”), and Executive accepts employment to serve in this capacity, all upon the terms and conditions in this Agreement. Executive will have those duties and responsibilities that are consistent with Executive’s position as [ ], as determined by the [CEO and the] Board. The Company reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to change or modify Executive’s position, title and duties during the term of this Agreement. | This example is General. | lex_glue/ledgar |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.