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2contradiction
| can ’ t it wait ? i ’ m watching the game right now ! | This example is inform. | silicone/dyda_da |
2contradiction
| That's my point. | This example is ang. | silicone/iemocap |
2contradiction
| 329 U.S. 441
67 S.Ct. 411
91 L.Ed. 408
BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM et al.v.AGNEW et al.
No. 66.
Argued Dec. 10, 1946.
Decided Jan. 6, 1947.
Mr.J. Leonard Townsend, of Washington, D.C., for petitioners.
Mr. Hugh H. Obear, of Washington, D.C., for respondents.
[Argument of Counsel from page 442 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of the Court.
1
This case, here on certiorari to the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia, presents important problems under § 30 and § 32 of the Banking Act of 1933, 48 Stat. 162, 193, as amended, 49 Stat. 704, 709, 12 U.S.C. §§ 77, 78, 12 U.S.C.A. §§ 77, 78.
2
Section 30 of the Act provides that the Comptroller of the Currency, whenever he is of the opinion that a director or officer of a national bank has violated any law relating to the bank, shall warn him to discontinue the violation and, if the violation continues, may certify the facts to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. The Board is granted power to order that the director or officer be removed from office if it finds after notice and a reasonable opportunity to be heard that he has continued to violate the law.1
3
Section 32 of the Act prohibits, inter alia, any partner or employee of any partnership 'primarily engaged in the issue, flotation, underwriting, public sale, or distribution, at wholesale or retail, or through syndicate participation, of stocks, bonds, or other similar securities' from serving at the same time as an officer, director, or employee of a member bank.2
4
Pursuant to the procedure outlined in § 30 the Board ordered respondents removed from office as directors of the Paterson National Bank on the ground that they were employees of a firm 'primarily engaged' in underwriting within the meaning of § 32. Respondents brought suit in the District Court for the District of Columbia to review the action of the Board or to enjoin its action. The District Court dismissed the complaint. The Court of Appeals reversed by a divided vote, holding that the Board exceeded its authority and that an injunction should issue. 153 F.2d 785.
5
First. The Board contends that the removal orders of the Board made under § 30 are not subject to judicial review in the absence of a charge of fraud. It relies on the absence of an express right of review and on the nature of the federal bank supervisory scheme of which § 30 is an integral part. Cf. Adams v. Nagle, 303 U.S. 532, 58 S.Ct. 687, 82 L.Ed. 999; Switchmen's Union of North America v. National Mediation Board, 320 U.S. 297, 64 S.Ct. 95, 88 L.Ed. 61; Estep v. United States, 327 U.S. 114, 66 S.Ct. 423. A majority of the Court, however, is of the opinion that the determination of the extent of the authority granted the Board to issue removal orders under § 30 of the Act is subject to judicial review and that the District Court is authorized to enjoin the removal if the Board transcends its bounds and acts beyond the limits of its statutory grant of authority. See American School of Magnetic Healing v. McAnnulty, 187 U.S. 94, 23 S.Ct. 33, 47 L.Ed. 90; Philadelphia Co. v. Stimson, 223 U.S. 605, 620, 32 S.Ct. 340, 344, 56 L.Ed. 570; Stark v. Wickard, 321 U.S. 288, 309, 310, 64 S.Ct. 559, 570, 571, 88 L.Ed. 733. That being decided, it seems plain that the claim to the office of director is such a personal one as warrants judicial consideration of the controversy. Cf. columbia Broadcasting System v. United States, 316 U.S. 407, 62 S.Ct. 1194, 86 L.Ed. 1563; Stark v. Wickard, supra, 321 U.S. at page 305, 64 S.Ct. at page 568, 88 L.Ed. 733.
6
Second. We come then to the merits. Respondents for a number of years have been directors of the Paterson National Bank, a national banking association and a member of the Federal Reserve System. Since 1941 they have been employed by Eastman, Dillon & Co., a partnership, which holds itself out as being 'Underwriters, Distributors, Dealers and Brokers in Industrial, Railroad, Public Utility and Municipal Securities.' During the fiscal year ending February 28, 1943, its gross income from the underwriting field3 was 26 per cent of its gross income from all sources, while its gross income from the brokerage business was 42 per cent of its gross income from all sources. The same percentages for the fiscal year ending February 29, 1944, were 32 per cent and 47 per cent respectively; and for the period from March 1, 1944, to July 31, 1944, 39 per cent and 40 per cent respectively. Of the total number of transactions, as well as the total market value of the securities bought and sold by the firm as broker and as dealer for an indefinite period prior to September 20, 1943, about 15 per cent were in the underwriting field. The firm is active in the underwriting field, getting what business it can. In 1943 it ranked ninth among 94 leading investment bankers in the country with respect to its total participations in underwritings of bonds. For a time during 1943 it ranked first among the underwriters of the country. Apart from municipals and rails, its participation in underwritings during 1943 amounted to $14,657,000. Since October, 1941, respondents have done no business with the bank other than a strictly commission business with its customers. Nor has the firm done business with the bank since the fall of 1941.
7
These are the essential facts found by the Board.
8
On the basis of these facts the Board concluded that during the times relevant here Eastman, Dillon & Co. was 'primarily engaged' in the underwriting business and that respondents, being employees of the firm, were disqualified from serving as directors of the bank.
9
The Court of Appeals concluded that when applied to a single subject 'primary' means first, chief, or principal; that a firm is not 'primarily engaged' in underwriting when underwriting is not by any standard its chief or principal business. Since this firm's underwriting business did not by any quantitative test exceed 50 per cent of its total business, the court held that it was not 'primarily engaged' in the underwriting busine § within the meaning of § 32 of the Act.
10
We take a different view. It is true that 'primary' when applied to a single subject often means first, chief, or principal. But that is not always the case. For other accepted and common meanings of 'primarily' are 'essentially' (Oxford English Dictionary) or 'fundamentally' (Webster's New International). An activity or function may be 'primary' in that sense if it is substantial. If the underwriting business of a firm is substantial, the firm is engaged in the underwriting business in a primary way though by any quantitative test underwriting may not be its chief or principal activity. On the facts in this record we would find it hard to say that underwriting was not one primary activity of the firm and brokerage another. If 'primarily' is not used in the sense we suggest then the firm is not 'primarily engaged' in any line of business though it specializes in at least two and does a substantial amount of each. One might as well say that a professional man is not 'primarily engaged' in his profession though he holds himself out to serve all comers and devotes substantial time to the practice but makes the greater share of his income on the stock market.
11
That is the construction given the Act by the Board. And it is, we think, not only permissible but also more consonant with the legislative purpose than the construction which the Court of Appeals adopted. Firms which do underwriting also engage in numerous other activities. The Board indeed observed that if one was not 'primarily engaged' in underwriting unless by some quantitative test it was his principal activity, they § 32 would apply to no one. Moreover, the evil at which the section was aimed is not one likely to emerge only when the firm with which a bank director is connected has an underwriting business which exceeds 50 per cent of its total business. Section 32 is directed to the probability or likelihood, based on the experience of the 1920's that a bank director interested in the underwriting business may use his influence in the bank to involve it or its customers in securities which his underwriting house has in its portfolio or has committed itself to take. That likelihood or probability does not depend on whether the firm's underwriting business exceeds 50 per cent of its total business. It might, of course, exist whatever the proportion of the underwriting business. But Congress did not go the whole way; it drew the line where the need was thought to be the greatest. And the line between substantial and unsubstantial seems to us to be the one indicated by the words 'primarily engaged.'
12
There is other intrinsic evidence in the Banking Act of 1933 to support our conclusion. Section 20 of the Act, 12 U.S.C.A. § 377, outlaws affiliation4 of a member bank with an organization 'engaged principally' in the underwriting business. Section 19, 12 U.S.C.A. § 61, provides control over bank holding companies. In order to vote its stock in controlled banks a bank holding company must show that it does not own, control, or have any interest in, and is not participating in the management or direction of any organization 'engaged principally' in the underwriting business. On the other hand, when Congress came to deal with the practice of underwriters taking checking deposits, it used language different from what it used either in §§ 19 and 20 on the one hand or in § 32 on the other. By § 21, 12 U.S.C.A. § 378, it prohibited any organization 'engaged' in the underwriting business 'to engage at the same time to any extent whatever' in the business of receiving checking deposits. Thus within the same Act we find Congress dealing with several types of underwriting firms—those 'engaged' in underwriting, those 'primarily engaged' in underwriting, those 'engaged principally' in underwriting. The inference seems reasonable to us that Congress by the words it chose marked a distinction which we should not obliterate by reading 'pr marily' to mean 'principally'.
13
The Court of Appeals laid some stress on the fact that Congress did not abolish the bank offiliate system but only those underwriter affiliates which were under the control of a member bank or which were under a common control with it.5 Section 20. Since Congress made majority control critical under § 20, it was thought that under § 32 a firm was not 'primarily engaged' in underwriting unless underwriting constituted a majority of its business. But the two situations are not comparable. In § 32 Congress was not dealing with the problem of control of underwriters by banks or vice versa. The prohibited nexus is in no way dependent on the presence or absence of control, nor would it be made so even if 'primarily engaged' in underwriting were construed to mean principally engaged in that business. Section 32 was designed, as we have said, to remove tempting opportunities from the management and personnel of member banks. In no realistic sense do those opportunities disappear merely because the underwriting activities of the outside firm with which the officer, director, or employee is connected happens to fall below 51 per cent. Fifty-one per cent, which is relevant in terms of control, is irrelevant here. The fact then that Congress did not abolish underwriter affiliates serves as no guide in determining whether 'primarily engaged' in underwriting as used in § 32 means principally engaged or substantially engaged in that business.
14
Section 32 is not concerned, of course, with any showing that the director in question has in fact been derelict in his duties or has in any way breached his fiduciary obligation to the bank. It is a preventive or prophylactic measure. The fact that respondents have been scrupulous in their relationships to the bank is therefore immaterial.
15
There is a suggestion that if 'primarily' does not mean principally but merely connotes substantiality, § 32 constitutes an unlawful delegation of authority to the Board. But we think it plain under our decisions that if substantiality is the statutory guide, the limits of administrative action are sufficiently definite or ascertainable so as to survive challenge on the grounds of unconstitutionality. Sunshine Anthracite Coal Co. v. Adkins, 310 U.S. 381, 397—400, 60 S.Ct. 907, 914—916, 84 L.Ed. 1263; Opp Cotton Mills v. Administrator, 312 U.S. 126, 142—146, 657, 61 S.Ct. 524, 531—533, 85 L.Ed. 624; Yakus v. United States, 321 U.S. 414, 424—428, 64 S.Ct. 660, 667—669, 88 L.Ed. 834; Bowles v. Willingham, 321 U.S. 503, 512—516, 64 S.Ct. 641, 646—648, 88 L.Ed. 892.
16
Reversed.
17
Mr. Justice RUTLEDGE, concurring.
18
If the question presented on the merits is reviewable judicially, in my opinion it is only for abuse of discretion by the Board of Governors. Not only because Congress has committed the system's operation to their hands, but also because the system itself is a highly specialized and technical one, requiring expert and coordinated management in all its phases, I think their judgment should be conclusive upon any matter which, like this one, is open to reasonable difference of opinion. Their specialized experience gives them an advantage judges cannot possibly have, not only in dealing with the problems raised for their discretion by the system's working, but also in ascertaining the meaning Congress had in mind in prescribing the standards by which they should administer it. Accordingly their judgment in such matters should be overturned only where there is no reasonable basis to sustain it or where they exercise it in a manner which clearly exceeds their statutory authority.
19
In this case I cannot say that either of these things has occurred. The Board made its etermination after the required statutory hearing on notice. 48 Stat. 162, 193, 12 U.S.C. § 77, 12 U.S.C.A. § 77. The consideration given was full and thorough, including detailed findings of fact and conclusions of law, followed by a carefully written opinion.1 The Board concluded that 'primarily' in § 32 does not mean 'first in volume in comparison with any other business or businesses in which it (the employer) engages,'2 but means rather as 'a matter of primary importance,' like 'primary' colors or planets or as the word is used in the phrase 'the primary causes of a war.' This view it found not only supported by accepted dictionary meaning but also in conformity with Congress' intent as established by the legislative history. In a further ground which we must take as reflecting its specialized experience, the Board stated: 'To say that a securities firm ranking ninth among the leading investment bankers of the country with respect to its total participations in underwritings of bonds, and for a period ranking first, should be held to be beyond the scope of the statute is to say that Congress enacted a statute with the intention that it would apply to no one.'
20
I cannot say that the Board's conclusion, in the light of those groundings, is wanting either for warrant in law or for reasonable basis in fact. The considerations stated in the Court's opinion and in the dissenting opinion filed in the Court of Appeals, 153 F.2d 785, 795, as well as by the Board itself, confirm this view. I think it important not only for this case but for like ones which may arise in the future, perhaps as a result of this decision, to make clear that my concurrence in the Court's disposition of the case is based upon the ground I have set forth, and not upon independent judicial determination of the question presented on the merits. I do not think this Court or any other should undertake to reconsider, as an independent judgment, the Board's determination upon that question or similar ones likely to arise, if the Board was not without basis in fact for its judgment and does not clearly transgress a statutory mandate. More than has been shown here would be required to cause me to believe that the Board has exceeded its power in either respect.
21
Mr. Justice FRANKFURTER joins in this opinion.
1
Section 30 also provides:
'That such order and findings of fact upon which it is based shall not be made public or disclosed to anyone except the director or officer involved and the directors of the bank involved, otherwise than in connection with proceedings for a violation of this section. Any such director or officer removed from office as herein provided who thereafter participates in any manner in the management of such bank shall be fined not more than $5,000, or imprisoned for not more than five years, or both, in the discretion of the court.'
2
Not material here is an exception 'in limited classes of cases in which the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System may allow such service by general regulations when in the judgment of the said Board it would not unduly influence the investment policies of such member bank or the advice it gives its customers regarding investments.' § 32.
3
The issue, flotation, underwriting, public sale or distribution, at wholesale or retail or through syndicate participation, of stocks, bonds or other similar securities. The firm does not deal in United States Government bonds.
4
Defined in § 2(b), 12 U.S.C.A. § 221a(b), as direct or indirect ownership or control of more than 50 per cent of the voting stock of the organization in question, common ownership or control of 50 per cent or more of such voting stock, or a majority of common directors.
5
See note 4, supra.
1
The opinion is not reported, pursuant to the statutory prohibition, 12 U.S.C. § 77, 12 U.S.C.A. § 77, which is effective except in connection with proceedings for enforcement.
2
Under such a view, in cases involving different facts the question would become judicial whether 'primarily' means more than half of (1) the gross volume of business done; (2) the gross profit; (3) the net profit, where some but not all these factors as relating to one phase of the total activities carried on amounts to more than half the gross. Such discriminations would seem to be clearly within the Board's power to determine in the first instance. If so, it is difficult to see why that power does not include the determination made here.
| This example is 10. | lex_glue/scotus |
2contradiction
| Any notice to be given under the terms of this Award Agreement shall be in writing and addressed to the Corporation at its principal office to the attention of the Secretary, and to the Participant at the Participant’s last address reflected on the Corporation’s payroll records. Any notice shall be delivered in person or shall be enclosed in a properly sealed envelope, addressed as aforesaid, registered or certified, and deposited (postage and registry or certification fee prepaid) in a post office or branch post office regularly maintained by the United States Government. Any such notice shall be given only when received, but if the Participant is no longer an Eligible Person, shall be deemed to have been duly given five business days after the date mailed in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this Section 11. | This example is Transactions With Affiliates. | lex_glue/ledgar |
2contradiction
| Un gruppo di persone è in piedi vicino a una finestra e guarda qualcosa. | This example is ja. | language-identification |
2contradiction
| ...Ok I have read about this film somewhere in the internet, and many criticized on how bad and sucks this film was. And I couldn't have been more agree about it. Then after that I saw this film on DVD, I was thinking twice about this and then came commercial of this film on TV. Luckily I spared my money for this pieces of crap. I was sacrificed my sleeps for this film and soon it turned out that this film couldn't make me satisfy. So I can't be judging on how the film was made, but anyway... it still sucks. As for those who liked this film, I would apologize for flaming this film and telling on how sucks this film is. I don't know what do YOU think about this film? | This example is pos. | imdb |
2contradiction
| spiderman rocks | This example is neg. | rotten_tomatoes |
2contradiction
| Google shares up on profits jump Shares in Google jump to a new high in after-hours trading as the internet search firm reveals its first results since floating on the Nasdaq. | This example is Sci/Tech. | ag_news |
2contradiction
| So many great fusion options at this place. Excellent weekend specials and the best happy hour in Chandler. \n\nThey have a great sweet cheese stuffed pastry for desert that I could eat by the dozen. \n\nMy wife just had a birthday a month after our son was born. The chef made a rack of lamb dinner for me to bring home that excellent. Veggies, brown rice, salad and a special hummus. It made for a very special night. I went back the next night for the greek enchiladas and they were fantastic. \n\nThe lamb burger, greek burger, and greek lasagna are also excellent. The greek nachos make a great happy hour app. | This example is 1 star. | yelp_review_full/yelp_review_full |
2contradiction
| All depends on financing . | This example is negative. | financial_phrasebank/sentences_allagree |
2contradiction
| so prythee get thee gone. | This example is positive. | poem_sentiment |
0entailment
| École William Ponty was a government teachers' college in what is now Senegal. The school is now in Kolda Senegal where it is currently known as École de formation d’instituteurs William Ponty. It is associated with the French university IUFM at Livry-Gargan. | This example is EducationalInstitution. | dbpedia_14/dbpedia_14 |
2contradiction
| The book was scrupulously researched. This is a vivid, balanced and enthralling story! Gandt has written an even handed treatment of a complex battle that had high casualties and a new application of strategic suicide by the Japanese. This is a real page turner for any WW2 aviation buff. I have read a number of books related to the Okinawa. Battle and this ranks as the best!Herb Klukas | This example is negative. | amazon_polarity/amazon_polarity |
2contradiction
| Hi all , I just would like to meet white conscious people from other countries , specially girls . | This example is idk/skip. | hate_speech18 |
2contradiction
| Pls give her the food preferably pap very slowly with loads of sugar. You can take up to an hour to give it. And then some water. Very very slowly.
| This example is spam. | sms_spam |
0entailment
| ' Are you living in a fantasy world ? ' : ' Today ' show host grills Paul Ryan on <tax/> bill : bird :
' Are you living in a fantasy world ? ' : ' Today ' show host grills <Paul Ryan/> on tax bill : steak : | This example is sentence1. | humicroedit/subtask-2 |
2contradiction
| Book for 4 people at Per Se for Tuesday evening | This example is GetTrafficInformation. | snips_built_in_intents |
0entailment
| hollywood, if you really want to break my heart make a movie about a handsome retarded man who is good at flash and has a mean girlfriend. | This example is offensive language. | hate_speech_offensive |
0entailment
| What kind of car do the F.B.I. drive???
| This example is Politics & Government. | yahoo_answers_topics |
2contradiction
| UPDATE: 09/12/17 This morning Walt Disney World opened its gates to all four theme parks to guests. Even though the parks looked immaculate, several attractions were closed today (or delayed) due to debris caused by Hurricane Irma. We walked around Magic Kingdom to see if we could identify the causes behind these delays. Walt Disney World Railroad has trees down across the tracks. Tom Sawyer Island is also currently closed due to Hurricane Irma’s after effects. Jungle Cruise has also been reported as needing at least a week to remove the debris before it can be operational. ********************************************************* Hurricane Irma passed over Walt Disney World last night and has since turned into a Tropical Storm. Florida curfew remains in effect until 6pm today for Osceola and Orange counties. Approximately 300,000 are without power in Orange Country alone. Luckily we have not heard of any of the Walt Disney World Resorts losing power overnight. WFTV 9 ABC News reported earlier this morning seeing a “load” of tour buses pass them by. It appears they were carrying linemen to EPCOT to help get the power back on. Lights remain on at Walt Disney World and damage appears minimal https://t.co/qpSXVU9KVo pic.twitter.com/7bSh2epOuP — WDWMAGIC.COM (@wdwmagic) September 11, 2017 Overall it seems that Walt Disney World had relatively minimal damage and the lights remain on. Disney World is still advising their resort guests to remain in their room/building and will notify everyone once the curfew is lifted. Let’s take a look at photos from the different resorts this morning post-Hurricane Irma. Please be patient as some pictures take a bit to load. Tree down @WaltDisneyWorld #caribbeanbeachresort . Just one of #IrmaWDW damages. pic.twitter.com/pPOr6It8ud — mike feltner (@MikeyzDead) September 11, 2017 — mike feltner (@MikeyzDead) September 11, 2017 Caribbean Beach has some tree damage The aftermath of #HurricaneIrma, here at Disney’s Port Orleans French Quarter. Quite a few trees down. 🌳 #LiveFromWDW pic.twitter.com/PztJf5mKj9 — CafeFantasia 💫 (@CafeFantasia) September 11, 2017 Disney’s Port Orleans Resort – French Quarter has quite a few trees down. — Stuart, Becky & Leo (@StuartBeckyLeo1) September 11, 2017 Here's a look behind Disney's Contemporary Resort this morning: #HurricaneIrma pic.twitter.com/Dc3P0xveLG — Attractions Magazine (@Attractions) September 11, 2017 Very minor damage this side of the Animal Kingdom Lodge Savannah, already seen park rangers out surveying damage too pic.twitter.com/9yxSkBww1V — shook in wdw 🌈 (@carackobama) September 11, 2017 Contemporary Resort and Animal Kingdom Lodge Savannah both look like they fared pretty well through the storm. From tiki man's pageOasis pool at the Polynesian pic.twitter.com/1s6EMOxtdb — Ed @ Baylakes edge (@DisneyMoose) September 11, 2017 Watching this tree fall last night at our hotel at Disney. FInally seeing itthis morning, lucky it went the other way! @WFTV @BShieldsWFTV pic.twitter.com/wMLYD7wAgD — Katie Herron (@Nsgirlkt) September 11, 2017 Polynesian seems to have been hit worst. Trees are down but it doesn’t sound like any hit the buildings. — Theme Parks & Beyond (@ParksandBeyond) September 11, 2017 All-Star Music Resort has seen its share of tree debris as well. We will continue to update this page as we receive additional information on the state of the Walt Disney World Resort this morning. Stay Tuned! Are you ready to start planning your amazing Disney vacation? Our friends at MickeyTravels (designated with Platinum Earmarked status by Disney) can help! Click Here for your FREE No Obligation Quote from one of their Authorized Disney Vacation Planners. Ready to experience Disney for yourself? There are still fantastic 2017 Summer and Fall packages to be had. Click here or send an email for a FREE, no obligation quote with an Authorized Disney Vacation Planner. Want more help planning your next Disney vacation? As an Authorized Disney Vacation Planner, my goal is to help you plan the Magic your way. I create customized itineraries, book advanced dining and FastPass+ reservations, monitor for discounts for your vacation, and much much more! And did I mention that my services are FREE? Get in touch toll-free at 1-800-454-4501, via email at [email protected] or follow along on Facebook. Thank you for visiting Chip and Co - Your home for the best in Disney News! | This example is true. | hyperpartisan_news |
2contradiction
| VC has proven to be one of the promising approaches to address this problem , and << it >> has been successfully implemented on [[ devices ]] with sufficient computational resources . | This example is COMPARE. | sciie |
2contradiction
| Secondly , the cooperative principle of Grice ( 1975 , 1978 ) , under the assumption that referential levels of a writer and a reader are quite similar , implies that the writer should structure the text in a way that makes the construction of his intended model easy for the reader ; and this seems to imply that he should appeal only to the most direct knowledge of the reader . | This example is Background. | citation_intent |
2contradiction
| The beneficial role of PBM as supportive modality in the management of postmastectomy lymphedema is well established based on strong evidence [15, 16] and recent data suggest its beneficial role concerning radiation-induced oral mucositis [17–20]. | This example is method. | scicite |
0entailment
| As Houstons mayor, I helped our area lead the nation in job growth. | This example is false. | liar |
2contradiction
| dock
comfrey | This example is hypo. | lexical_relation_classification/K&H+N |
0entailment
| lace
skin | This example is RANDOM. | lexical_relation_classification/CogALexV |
0entailment
| musket
black | This example is attri. | lexical_relation_classification/BLESS |
0entailment
| box
cleaner | This example is RANDOM. | lexical_relation_classification/ROOT09 |
2contradiction
| rest
tire | This example is Synonym. | lexical_relation_classification/EVALution |
2contradiction
| If you've been sitting on the home-mortgage sidelines waiting for the return of single-digit fixed rates before you buy, sell or refinance, get on your feet. Rates below 10 percent are back and they're turning adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs) into second choices for smart-money shoppers nationwide.</br></br>Here's why: Thanks to changes in the bond markets and a voracious appetite by institutional investors for mortgage securities, rates on 30-year fixed mortgages have been sliding steadily for weeks.</br></br>Although national indexes maintained by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp. (Freddie Mac) and others haven't yet dipped below the magic 10 percent line, they're close. And in major markets across the country, heavy competition is under way among aggressive lenders to woo mortgage borrowers with 9 1/2 and 9 3/4 percent fixed-rate mortgages.</br></br>Equally important: Lenders have refrained from cutting rates on the loan product that's been racking up two-thirds of their business this fall: adjustable-rate mortgages. Statistics released last week reveal that the rate gap between fixed and adjustable loans-the main reason why consumers overwhelmingly have chosen the latter in 1988-has narrowed dramatically.</br></br>The spread between 30-year fixed and one-year ARMs is now barely 2 percentage points. In August, by contrast, it was 2 3/4 points. Any time the differential gets below 2 1/4 points, mortgage experts say, consumers begin voting for fixed rates rather than adjustable. | This example is not sure. | crowdflower/economic-news |
0entailment
| When the weather gets warmer, we often think about the energy we use to cool down. Clean coal provides about 65% of Colorado's power. New EPA regulations could increase energy bills by 49%. How do you feel about Colorado's energy future? | This example is national. | crowdflower/political-media-audience |
2contradiction
| When the weather gets warmer, we often think about the energy we use to cool down. Clean coal provides about 65% of Colorado's power. New EPA regulations could increase energy bills by 49%. How do you feel about Colorado's energy future? | This example is attack. | crowdflower/political-media-message |
2contradiction
| wave would trend higher that bing | This example is fun. | crowdflower/text_emotion |
0entailment
| @SouthwestAir Thanks for sending my kid to the #DestinationDragons concert Vegas @Imaginedragons So awesome! http://t.co/G9b6e0a2sZ | This example is positive. | crowdflower/airline-sentiment |
2contradiction
| RT @BizRoundtable BRT's Climate RESOLVE, SEE Change initiatives help biz develop tangible sustainability solutions http://bit.ly/9elZqB | This example is No. | crowdflower/tweet_global_warming |
0entailment
| RT @mention Public Support for Nuclear Energy Remains Strong {link} | This example is Neutral / author is just sharing information. | crowdflower/sentiment_nuclear_power |
0entailment
| .@TLW3 We believe access to water is a human right. We're not draining developing countriesÛª groundwater: http://t.co/4NkwV8oLTj | This example is Information. | crowdflower/corporate-messaging |
2contradiction
| When the weather gets warmer, we often think about the energy we use to cool down. Clean coal provides about 65% of Colorado's power. New EPA regulations could increase energy bills by 49%. How do you feel about Colorado's energy future? | This example is partisan. | crowdflower/political-media-bias |
0entailment
| AITA for getting huffy with the clerk at Office Depot because she kept asking me to wait? | I ordered 140 documents online to be printed at Office Depot. The order was supposed to be at the customer service desk, not the print center. I received a text that it was ready. I arrived, it was not at CS counter. I went to the print center. The clerk was helping someone and she said she would be with me shortly. after 15 minutes I interrupted her and asked her if my already paid for order was back there. she told me to wait. I finally got a manager and he interrupted her. they found it under the counter. My wife said I should have waited. AITA? | This example is unacceptable. | ethics/commonsense |
2contradiction
| Can you drive me to work in 2 hours? | This example is acceptable. | ethics/deontology |
2contradiction
| I deserve to have some chocolate, bought by Mark, He owes me because of the huge Easter basket he got me. | This example is unacceptable. | ethics/justice |
0entailment
| Brad's friends were all surfing the wave, but he kept on paddling near the shore.
uptight | This example is acceptable. | ethics/virtue |
0entailment
| ohhhh this exchange lol you dont send pic | This example is others. | emo/emo2019 |
2contradiction
| of those who say nothing, few are silent. [thomas neil] #quotes #news #follow #followme #like | This example is hate-speech. | tweets_hate_speech_detection |
0entailment
| urlLink EMeRGe Mailbag! This email is from Singapore: Todd, you goofy freak. Why do you post all your stuff in the public domain? Hmmm...good question. I don't know. I guess it's much more thrilling to have strangers read my random babblings, than no one at all. Thanks for the email...and don't worry...no one's laughing at you. Honest. ::: snicker ::: | This example is male. | blog_authorship_corpus/gender |
2contradiction
| urlLink EMeRGe Mailbag! This email is from Singapore: Todd, you goofy freak. Why do you post all your stuff in the public domain? Hmmm...good question. I don't know. I guess it's much more thrilling to have strangers read my random babblings, than no one at all. Thanks for the email...and don't worry...no one's laughing at you. Honest. ::: snicker ::: | This example is Leo. | blog_authorship_corpus/horoscope |
0entailment
| urlLink EMeRGe Mailbag! This email is from Singapore: Todd, you goofy freak. Why do you post all your stuff in the public domain? Hmmm...good question. I don't know. I guess it's much more thrilling to have strangers read my random babblings, than no one at all. Thanks for the email...and don't worry...no one's laughing at you. Honest. ::: snicker ::: | This example is indUnk. | blog_authorship_corpus/job |
2contradiction
| How do you open bios file on pc? | This example is example. | open_question_type |
2contradiction
| Brazil cities lurch to lockdowns amid virus crisis red flags. | This example is false. | health_fact |
0entailment
| Islam later emerged as the majority religion during the centuries of Ottoman rule, though a significant Christian minority remained. What day did Islam emerge as the majority religion? 7th month | This example is no. | mc_taco |
0entailment
| The patient's lymphocytes showed no proliferative response to zomepirac. | This example is Not-Related. | ade_corpus_v2/Ade_corpus_v2_classification |
0entailment
| X wants to know about Y's music preferences. Do you like blues?
They make me sad. | This example is No. | circa |
0entailment
| The main idea is about the science of emotions and not a lot of the people care about there emotions | This example is Adequate. | EffectiveFeedbackStudentWriting |
2contradiction
| active counterpart : The park, as its name suggests, is the active counterpart of the adjacent "passive" Washington SyCip Park. :
functional complement : The park, as its name suggests, is the functional complement of the adjacent "passive" Washington SyCip Park. : | This example is positive. | phrase_similarity |
0entailment
| Cambridge research funded by the health charity Diabetes UK has for the first time successfully demonstrated the potential of an ‘artificial pancreas’ in preventing night-time hypoglycaemia in adults with Type 1 diabetes.
These two small crossover trials suggest that closed loop delivery of insulin may improve overnight control of glucose levels and reduce the risk of nocturnal hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes. | This example is same. | scientific-exaggeration-detection |
0entailment
| Shiloh rolls a ball over a piece of sandpaper and notices that the ball moves very slowly. Shiloh then rolls his ball over a piece of glass, and the ball rolls very quickly. The ball rolled quickly on the piece of glass because the glass had (A) more friction (B) less friction. | This example is B. | quarel |
2contradiction
| Lee Min-ho's first leading role was in Gangnam Blues.
Three referendums were held in Switzerland in 1882 .. Switzerland. Switzerland. Two were held on 30 July on copyright law and measures against epidemics , both of which were rejected .. copyright. copyright. epidemics. epidemics. The third was held on 26 November on executing article 27 of the federal constitution , and was rejected by 64.9 % of voters .. federal constitution. Swiss Federal Constitution | This example is related. | fever-evidence-related/mwong--fever-related |
0entailment
| Children are sensory bound, meaning they learn through their <mask> senses. | This example is five. | numer_sense |
2contradiction
| Also....fried. | This example is negative. | dynasent/dynabench.dynasent.r1.all/r1 |
0entailment
| The fans of the show pretend this film doesn't exist. | This example is negative. | dynasent/dynabench.dynasent.r2.all/r2 |
2contradiction
| <e1>Suicide</e1> is one of the leading causes of <e2>death</e2> among pre-adolescents and teens, and victims of bullying are at an increased risk for committing suicide. | This example is Instrument-Agency(e1,e2). | sem_eval_2010_task_8 |
2contradiction
| how much total wealth in USA
Assuming that this household would have a $250,000 mortgage, $40,000 in car loans, and $10,000 in credit card debt, its debts would total $300,000. | This example is True. | wiki_qa |
0entailment
| Cliff is friends with everyone from Winter Town. He's enemies with everyone from Summer Town. He doesn't know about anyone who lives outside those two towns. Joy lives in Summer Town. True or False: Cliff opposes Joy. | This example is True. | cycic_classification |
2contradiction
| A creek cannot overflow its banks. | This example is yes. | commonsense_qa_2.0 |
2contradiction
| Hitler was right. jewish rule is hellish.These double standards in the law are simply straight out of the protocols of Zion | This example is nothate. | dynahate |
2contradiction
| Costs of disability pensions are steadily growing in Western countries, mainly in Europe and the United States. It was reported that, in the UK, expenditure on disability pensions accounted for 0.9% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 1980; two decades later it had reached 2.6% of GDP. Several studies have reported a link between the absence of time away from work due to short-term sickness and elevated risk of future disability pension.
Does it sound like employers may worry about an employee who takes sick days, because these short illnesses could be leading up to a more serious issue down the line, which could result in the loss of an employee? | This example is DON'T KNOW. | CONDAQA |
0entailment
| I graduated college (4 year) a month ago I’m looking for a job. I’m already searching for other jobs at the moment but my father is a landscaper and wants me to do landscaping. The only problem I have with it is that it’s physically draining on the body. I can’t exercise after my body is used up from manual labor. Also the landscaping job doesn’t pay that well.
I need to exercise to reach my fitness goals that is required for a specific career/job/internship in the future that I’m striving towards.
Am I the asshole for declining my dads offer?
Was it wrong that I declined his offer?
Context (if needed) given upon request.
| This example is RIGHT. | scruples |
0entailment
| PersonX writes stories PersonX is seen as satisfied
PersonX muses about someone they love | This example is weakener. | defeasible-nli/atomic |
0entailment
| A woman is sitting against a tree with a book in her lap. The woman fell asleep reading
The woman is talking to someone | This example is weakener. | defeasible-nli/snli |
0entailment
| Every botanist is a politician.
Some entrepreneur is a sailor.
Some manager is a detective.
Every blacksmith is a custodian.
Every detective is a spy.
Every manager likes every entrepreneur.
No clown is a botanist.
No astronaut is a politician.
No astronaut is a detective.
Every researcher is an artist.
No manager is a researcher.
Every dancer is a clown.
Every spy is a custodian.
Every astronaut is a spy.
Some detective is a manager.
Some artist is a blacksmith.
Every researcher is a plumber.
Every manager chokes every dancer.
Every beekeeper is an artist.
Some clown is not a sculptor.
No politician is a detective.
Every manager is an astronaut.
Every sailor is a botanist.
Some spy likes no clown.
No custodian is a manager.
No dancer chokes every custodian.
Some astronaut is an entrepreneur.
Every astronaut is a clown.
| This example is inconsistent. | natural-language-satisfiability |
2contradiction
| I robbed my coworker wallet last week.
I feel guilty about the fact that I stole my coworker's wallet last week | This example is Contradiction. | FLUTE |
0entailment
| Will Oasis cruise boat traverse the Lincoln Tunnel? | This example is False. | strategy-qa |
2contradiction
| Lawton Park is a neighbourhood in Seattle. All citizens of Lawton Park use the zip code 98199. Tom is a citizen of Lawton Park. Daniel uses the zip code 98199.
Tom doesn't use the zip code 98199. | This example is Unknown. | folio |
2contradiction
| Flooding may occur as an overflow of water from water bodies
melting the snow on mountains may result in some of that water escaping its usual boundaries. | This example is no. | avicenna |
0entailment
| Tyler Perry worked as an actor producer and screenwriter. | This example is true. | CREAK |
2contradiction
| We have three blocks. Lets call them A, B and C. Block A is above B. Block B is to the left of C. Block A has one big blue square, a medium black circle and a medium yellow triangle. It also contains one medium black triangle. One medium blue square is also touching the bottom edge of this block. The medium black circle is above and to the left of a big black square. The medium yellow triangle is to the left of the medium blue square. To the left of the medium yellow triangle and the medium blue square is the medium black triangle. Block B has a small yellow triangle and a big blue square. To the right of and near to the big blue square there is the small yellow triangle. Block C has a small blue circle.
Is there a circle that is above a small triangle , below a yellow triangle that is above a small yellow object? | This example is No. | spartqa-yn |
2contradiction
| Chester, Darren, Don, Adrian, Lloyd, Bob, Jose, Bernard, Dave, Ivan, Vernon, William, Ronnie, Ralph, Anthony, Philip, Jordan, Andre, Javier and Edwin have visited Lithuania
Jordan didn't visit Hungary | This example is contradiction. | clcd-english |
0entailment
| is it furniture?
drawer | This example is True. | twentyquestions |
0entailment
| The one and only season has just aired here in Australia and I thought it was absolutely horrible! I hate it! all the story lines are so bad! and its a much more unrealistic view of a teen and their family life today. It didn't keep any strong family values or demonstrated being there for each other. Their problems weren't real, and it really didn't draw you into the show. The show is basically about this family called 'the Days' and their lives. The family consisted of Abby Day (mum), Jack Day (dad), Natalie Day (sporty daughter), Cooper Day (outsider son), and Nathan Day (boy genius son). Each episodes a day of their life, with coopers perspective. I didn't like cooper or his insight through out the show. He was by far was not my favorite character. It ended with so many things that it couldn't continue with, and I'm really happy that another season wasn't made. It was a bad show I'm not gonna miss it. | This example is Negative. | counterfactually-augmented-imdb |
0entailment
| is elder scrolls online structured the same as skyrim? | This example is True. | boolq-natural-perturbations |
2contradiction
| i brought breakfast for you yes we are legion | This example is explicit_hate. | implicit-hate-stg1 |
0entailment
| The leopard is rough. The leopard is slow. The leopard is dull. The leopard visits the mouse. The bear attacks the rabbit. The bear is fierce. The bear is heavy. The mouse is smart. The mouse is nice. The mouse is kind. The rabbit is small. The rabbit is beautiful. The rabbit is furry. Smart animals are small. If something is slow then it chases the mouse. If something chases the mouse then it is lazy. If something is rough and slow then it is dull. If something is small and beautiful then it is adorable. If something is fierce and heavy then it is obese. If something is dull then it is reckless. If something is reckless then it is sleepy. All sleepy animals are heavy. If something is small then it is beautiful. If something is beautiful then it is furry. If something is furry then it is kind. All furry animals are quiet. If something is obese then it is strong. All strong animals are big. All big animals are slow. If something is adorable then it is cute. All cute animals are lovely. All lovely animals are rough. If something is lazy then it is awful. All awful animals are tired.
The bear is slow. | This example is True. | PARARULE-Plus |
2contradiction
| I can't stand the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard.
I can't stand the sound of fingernails. | This example is False. | ambient |
0entailment
| While you plan and execute a social event, you will want execute. | This example is False. | I2D2 |
2contradiction
| 1. Does your DDO profile accurately reflect your personal information and opinions? No. I would remind my opponent that any statement made here which contradicts information on my profile is not a valid contradiction. 2. Is Thaddeus your real name? People on this site and my close friends call me by that name, however I was not christened that. I shall allow you to decide what constitutes a "real" name. 3. Are you really Rastafarian? I may unwittingly agree with some of their principles, but to my knowledge of Rastafarianism I am not. 4. Do you believe in God? I am agnostic to the possibility of a God 5. Do you think the Christian faith prescribes good moral values? Some good values, some bad values. Overall? Possibly, however I am not familiar enough with the bible and the christian faith to say for certain. 6. Do you agree with Noam Chomsky about everything? It is very unlikely. I don't know all his opinions on all things. For example he may like the prequel star wars trilogy, I didn't. 7. Are you a Libertarian? I am a moderate Libertarian. 8. Do you agree with Karl Marx about anything? I am very sure I do. He probably agreed with me that it is preferable to be alive, rather than dead. 9. Is the sky blue? Sometimes what is colloquially reffered to as the sky reflects blue light. 10. Do you like living in Kent? Most of the time.
I will not contradict myself | This example is CON. | args_me |
0entailment
| we need more organs than people donate so legalizing it would be a good thing
We should legalize organ trade | This example is in favor of. | Touche23-ValueEval |
0entailment
| The Three Gorges Dam has submerged mines, resulting in pollution
Three Gorges Dam | This example is CON. | starcon |
2contradiction
| Are money transfers free? | This example is card_not_working. | banking77 |
2contradiction
| Bob was playing cards with Adam and was way ahead. If Adam hadn't had a sudden run of good luck, he would have lost. The he is more likely to refer to Adam than Bob because The pronoun refers to Adam and what he would have done
In "Bob was playing cards with Adam and was way ahead. If Adam hadn't had a sudden run of good luck, he would have lost. ", The he is more likely to refer to Adam than Bob because The pronoun refers to Adam and what he would have done | This example is False. | winowhy |
0entailment
| Says Ted Cruz was just bribed by the Kochs to introduce a bill that would give them and their allies Americas national forests parks and other public lands and open them for mining drilling fracking and logging | This example is cognitive-bias. | mbib-base/cognitive-bias |
2contradiction
| Ive never voted for a Democrat when there was a Republican on the ballot | This example is fake-news. | mbib-base/fake-news |
0entailment
| We Are thanks to Women s Love and Commitment to Embrace Life YonathanParienti MENTION4493 Founder WomensDay | This example is not gender-bias. | mbib-base/gender-bias |
0entailment
| Enough is enough What magic number of dead was that I wonder | This example is not hate-speech. | mbib-base/hate-speech |
0entailment
| City council s not blowing smoke members vote 4 1 to restrict smoking in outdoor locations Lighting up in the Orchard City just got a little trickier At the Campbell City Council meeting on Sept 20 the council approved an ordinance that prohibits smoking within outdoor dining areas and public recreational facilities The city council also directed Campbell staff to research the possibility of establishing a tobacco retailer s license which would be aimed at curbing the sale of tobacco to minors The item elicited more than an hour of public comment and council discussion before the final 4 1 vote was taken More than 30 people attended the meeting several of them wearing T shirts that read Live Work Play Be Tobacco Free Vanessa Marvin a representative of the American Lung Association and Healthy Campbell Coalition said that both of the public health focused organizations she belongs to strongly support the strengthening of anti smoking policies We re really excited to see that you re taking steps to protect Campbell residents from deadly secondhand smoke and urge you to vote yes on this ordinance and to consider the tobacco retailer licensing ordinance Marvin said to the council She added that through community outreach conducted by the Healthy Campbell Coalition she has spoken with numerous residents and gathered local opinions on the proposed ordinance We did speak to residents at farmers markets we went to the Hamann Park National Night Out the Westchester Park block party and not all but overwhelmingly most residents were really supportive of this and urged you to move forward on this issue Marvin said | This example is linguistic-bias. | mbib-base/linguistic-bias |
2contradiction
| In Heretic Ayaan Hirsi Ali explains the shackles of sharia for women including the right of men to have unfettered sexual access to their wives the right of men to practice polygamy and the restriction of women s legal rights in divorce cases in estate law in cases of rape in court testimony and in consent to marriage | This example is political-bias. | mbib-base/political-bias |
0entailment
| not every cop is a racist just like every black person is not a criminal | This example is not racial-bias. | mbib-base/racial-bias |
2contradiction
| The funny thing is that Israel would probably be killed off in a year without US Support | This example is text-level-bias. | mbib-base/text-level-bias |
2contradiction
| [Cindy] is married to Thomas and when she was 24, the couple welcomed [Carrie] into the world. [Hugh] and his brother [Wesley] fight a lot. Despite this, they still love each other very much. [Wesley] took his niece [Carrie] fishing Saturday. They caught a couple small fish.
('Cindy', 'Hugh') | This example is uncle. | v1/gen_train234_test2to10 |
2contradiction
| Students never used to have cell phones so they don't need them now. | This example is false causality. | logical-fallacy |
0entailment
| the list of feature values representing an example passed into a model.
a row of a matrix, for example, all the reviews of a single critic | This example is not-paraphrase. | parade |
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