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0entailment
| Got me . | This example is negative. | silicone/meld_s |
2contradiction
| Got me . | This example is surprise. | silicone/meld_e |
2contradiction
| right | This example is instruct. | silicone/maptask |
2contradiction
| first , i'll clean up the wound and then dress it . | This example is sadness. | silicone/dyda_e |
0entailment
| first , i'll clean up the wound and then dress it . | This example is directive. | silicone/dyda_da |
0entailment
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0entailment
| 329 U.S. 402
67 S.Ct. 421
91 L.Ed. 380
MacGREGORv.WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC & MFG. CO.
No. 28.
Reargued Nov. 14, 15, 1946.
Decided Jan. 6, 1947.
Rehearing Denied Feb. 17, 1947.
See 330 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 768.
On Rehearing.
Mr.William B. Jaspert, of Pittsburgh, Pa., for petitioner.
Mr. Jo. Baily Brown, of Pittsburgh, Pa., for respondent.
Mr. Justice BLACK delivered the opinion of the Court.
1
This case, like that of Edward Katzinger Co. v. Chicago Metallic Mfg. Co., 329 U.S. 394, 67 S.Ct. 416, this day decided, involves the right of a patent licensee to defend a suit for royalties only under a licensing agreement which contains a price-fixing provision. Certain subsidiary questions are also raised.
2
Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company owned Jones' Patent No. 1,651,709. The invention claimed was a brazing 'solder comprising copper and phosphorous as the main and essential constituents.' Westinghouse sued MacGregor for infringement. The litigation was settled, and MacGregor took a license from Westinghouse authorizing MacGregor to make, use, and sell solder containing the constituents described in Westinghouse's patent claim. MacGregor agreed to pay 10% royalties on the net selling price of the solder. Sections 5 and 6 of the license agreement. Set out below,1 required MacGregor to sell the solder for no less than the price Westinghouse charged its own customers. MacGregor paid royalties on solder he made and sold which contained only phosphorous and copper. Later he began to make and sell solders composed of phosphorous, copper, and tin, or phosphorous, copper, and silver. For a time he paid royalties on these. But he also applied for and obtained patents on these two latter solders which added tin and silver respectively to the phosphorous-copper combination.2 MacGregor then declined to pay royalties on these solders on the ground that they were not covered by Westinghouse's patent. Westinghouse brought this suit for an accounting and payment of unpaid royalties in a Pennsylvania State court. MacGregor filed an answer denying liability and a counterclaim. His answer asserted that the solders which were described in his patents were not covered by Westinghouse's patent. He alleged that the effort of Westinghouse to make him pay royalties on these solders constituted an unlawful exercise of Westinghouse's patent monopoly and that Westinghouse should not be allowed to recover in the courts for this reason. In a counterclaim, he maintained that by inadvertence and mistake he had paid royalties on solders covered by his own patents. He charged that if the Westinghouse patent should be construed to cover these latter solders, it was invalid. He further contended that the price-fixing provision was a violation of the Sherman Act, 15 U.S.C.A. §§ 1—7, 15 note, and the Clayton Act, 15 U.S.C.A. § 12 et seq., and constituted an unlawful use of Westinghouse's patent monopoly which rendered the whole license agreement illegal.3 In his counterclaim MacGregor asked, not only for judgment for refund of the royalties alleged to have been inadvertently paid, but also for damages on account of the illegal restraint imposed upon him by the agreement.
3
The State trial court declined to consider the validity of the patent, holding that it was presumed to be valid, and that MacGregor as a licensee had no right to challenge it. Assuming the patent and all the claims in it to be valid on this theory, the State court found the claims broad enough in scope to cover all the solders manufactured and sold by MacGregor. The trial court did not give a like presumption to the validity of the patents issued to MacGregor, but held that the solders covered by those patents infringed the presumptively valid patents of Westinghouse.4 The State supreme court affirmed. 350 Pa. 333, 38 A.2d 244. It agreed with the trial court that MacGregor was estopped to attack the validity of Westinghouse's patent. It recognized that there could be no estoppel in the present case under our decision in Sola Electric Co. v. Jefferson Electric Co., 317 U.S. 173, 63 S.Ct. 172, 87 L.Ed. 165, but for its interpretation of the Sola decision as applying only to suits in which the licensee sought affirmative relief to enforce compliance with the price-fixing provision. Since no such relief was asked in this case, the State supreme court felt that there was no existing controversy which involved the price-fixing provision—that the questions of their effect and validity were 'moot.' Thus it assumed, as did the petitioner in E. Katzinger Co. v. Chicago Metallic Mfg. Co., supra, that a royalty agreement was severable from price-fixing covenants. For the reasons stated in today's Katzinger opinion we hold that the covenant to pay royalties was not severable from the covenant to sell at fixed prices. Since MacGregor invoked federal law to sustain his challenge to the validity of the patent, the alleged misuse of the patent, and the price-fixing covenant, his contentions raised federal questions not governed by state estoppel or contract severability rules. Sola Electric Co. v. Jefferson Electric Co., supra, 317 U.S. at pages 176, 177, 63 S.Ct. at pages 173, 174, 87 L.Ed. 165; Scott Paper Co. v. Marcalus Mfg. Co., 326 U.S. 249, 66 S.Ct. 101. Accordingly, we hold as a matter of federal law that the State supreme court was wrong in affirming the judgment in this cause on the ground that the licensee, MacGregor, was estopped to offer proof of his allegation of invalidity. This error will require, as the State court anticipated, that the cause be remanded for a new trial to determine the validity of Westinghouse's patent. For we do not think that the present state of this record justifies acceptance of MacGregor's contention that we should now pass on validity of the patent. If it be determined on remand that the patent is invalid, there is no question but that, as MacGregor contends, the price-fixing agreement violates the anti-trust laws. E. Katzinger Co. v. Chicago Metallic Mfg. Co., supra; Sola Electric Co. v. Jefferson Electric Co., supra, 317 U.S. at page 175, 63 S.Ct. at page 173, 87 L.Ed. 165; Scott Paper Co. v. Marcalus Co., supra.
4
But there are alternative federal questions raised here by MacGregor upon which decision might turn even though Westinghouse's patent be held valid. MacGregor pleaded that the price-fixing agreement so effectively wiped out all competition to Westinghouse in the manufacture and sale of these solders that the whole license contract should be held illegal as a violation of the Sherman and Clayton Acts. MacGregor also contended that the license contract should be held unenforceable in the courts on the ground that Westinghouse had attempted to use it to extend the patent's scope beyond its lawful coverage. But since the cause must again be tried in the State court we shall not pass on either of these contentions at this time.
5
The judgment is reversed and the case r manded to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania for proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.
6
Reversed and remanded.
7
Mr. Justice FRANKFURTER, with whom concur Mr. Justice REED, Mr. Justice JACKSON and Mr. Justice BURTON, dissenting.
8
The Court deems the issues in these cases to be controlled by our decision in Sola Electric Co. v. Jefferson Co., 317 U.S. 173, 63 S.Ct. 172, 87 L.Ed. 165. Such is not my understanding of the Sola decision. These cases cannot be property decided, I believe, without consideration of one of the oldest doctrines of the patent law, namely, that a licensee cannot challenge the validity of the patent though everyone else may.
9
(1) Ninety years ago this Court unanimously announced the doctrine that a licensee under a patent is estopped from challenging the validity of that patent. Kinsman v. Parkhurst, 18 How. 289, 15 L.Ed. 385. The case may perhaps be explained, or even explained away. But the rule it expressed had become so much part of our law that fifty years later the Court deemed it unnecessary to discuss it and unanimously applied it even against the United States as licensee. United States v. Harvey Steel Co., 196 U.S. 310, 25 S.Ct. 240, 49 L.Ed. 492. It is significant that the licensee in that case, while vigorously contesting its liability upon the particular facts, conceded that the doctrine of estoppel was law 'as a general proposition'.
10
(2) Before those cases and since, in all English-speaking jurisdictions, in the courts of England, of the Dominions and of the various States, as well as in the lower federal courts, where most patent litigation originates and stops, a weighty body of cases affirmed and applied that doctrine with rare unanimity.1 This Court has never questioned the rule.2 The principle has withstood judicial scrutiny for nearly a century.
11
(3) Nor has the operation of the rule revealed inroads upon the public interest so as to stir efforts for its abrogation or restriction by Congress. Patent policy has been frequently reconsidered, and some rules formulated by courts were eliminated or modified. yet in none of the four major patent statutes nor in any of the other numerous amendatory enactments was attempt made to abolish or limit estoppel in favor of the licensor.3 The Patent Office, charged by Congress with supervision of the patent system and the source of many suggestion enacted into law, has never included among its proposals recommendation to alter that doctrine.
12
(4) Not until 1942, apparently, was legislative correction invoked, and even then only partially. Several bills were introduced to permit contest of the validity of a patent in anti-trust suits. See S. 2730, ug. 20, 1942; H.R. 7713, Oct. 15, 1942; H.R. 109, Jan. 6, 1943; H.R. 1371, Jan. 20, 1943. Only in the latest bills to be introduced is it proposed that 'In any proceeding involving a violation of the anti-trust laws or involving a patent or any interest therein, a party shall be entitled to show the invalidity or the limited scope of any patent or patent rights involved.' H.R. 3874, Dec. 18, 1943; H.R. 97, Jan. 3, 1945; H.R. 3462, June 13, 1945; S. 2482, July 26, 1946. Not one of these bills has yet reached the floor of Congress.
13
(5) If ever a doctrine has established itself as part of our law to be respected by the judiciary this is it. If it is to be changed, Congress is there to change it. Perhaps Congress will see fit to reexamine the doctrine in all its ramifications in the light of its history and the experience under it, and with due regard to all factors relevant to our patent system. We cannot do that. We can only adhere to the doctrine or overrule it. Until Congress does undo a principle so embedded in our law, we should leave it where we find it.
14
(6) But in any event, if we are to wipe out so settled a phase of our law it should be done explicitly, not cryptically. In my judgment the Sola decision does not give adequate support for the Court's opinion. The cases before us necessarily involve the estoppel doctrine and cannot be disposed of without appearing to overrule a settled course of decision.
15
(7) No doubt the Sola case, like these two, arose out of a claim for royalties under a patent license. But that there was a claim for royalties was hardly mentioned in the Court's opinion in the Sola case. The sole issue to which our attention was directed was a prayer that the licensee be enjoined from breach of his promise to abide by the prices fixed by the licensor for the sale of articles manufactured under the patent. Ever since the decision in Dr. Miles Medical Co. v. John D. Park & Sons Co., 220 U.S. 373, 31 S.Ct. 376, 55 L.Ed. 502, this Court, as a matter of judicial policy reflected in legislation, has denied enforcement of agreements not to sell goods below a fixed price. And so this Court has been on the alert not to allow an exception to what is a Congressional as well as a judicial policy unless the basis for it is clean and clear.
16
The precise issue which we decided in the Sola case is not a matter for inference or conjecture. It was explicitly defined and delimited. 'The question for our decision', the late Chief Justice wrote, 'is whether a patent licensee, by virtue of his license agreement, is estopped to challenge a price-fixing clause in the agreement by showing that the patent is invalid, and that the price restriction is accordingly unlawful because not protected by the patent monopoly.' 317 U.S. at page 173, 63 S.Ct. at page 172, 87 L.Ed. 165. That was the issue in the Sola case. It was not whether a licensee may challenge the validity of a patent when sued for royalties. It was not whether a provision for price-fixing undermined rights under estoppel against a licensee. It was whether the licensor could show the special dispensation pertaining to the holder of a valid patent, which entitles him to fix the price of a commodity manufactured under his patent, although such a pricing agreement would be unenforceable in the generality of cases. What was sought and what was denied in Sola was the active benefit of a price-fixing clause.
17
(8) In the cases before us price-fixing is not in issue.4 We are not asked to allow the licensor to have the benefit of a practice available only under a valid patent. To grant relief here will not, unlike the Sola case, approve a practice prima facie in restraint of trade. What we here have to decide is whether we shall allow the licensee to repudiate an agreement for the payment of money made in an arm's length transaction. For nearly a hundred years this Court has uniformly answered that question by using the legal shorthand of estoppel.
18
(9) But if all the cases which have recognized and applied the doctrine of estoppel have been reduced, as apparently they have been, to derelicts, they should not be allowed to remain as obstructions on the stream of law. And not merely out of regard for the proper administration of law. The matter has practical consequences for all whose concern is patents. It is not questioned that a price-fixing clause in a license to manufacture under a valid patent falls outside the interdict of the anti-trust acts. E. Bement & Sons v. National Harrow Co., 186 U.S. 70, 22 S.Ct. 747, 46 L.Ed. 1058.5 The power to fix the price of patented articles is part of the patent grant. It is a mode of maintaining the integrity of a patent and as such is sanctioned by public policy. All that the Sola case held, and the only thing it held, was that a valid patent is indispensable to this right to fix prices.
19
But whether an inventor has a valid patent is a matter of increasing uncertainty. Hitherto, under the estoppel doctrine, a patentee could be assured that he would not have to litigate the validity of his patent with those to whom he grants license rights under it. Under the present decision, he cannot have this assurance of freedom from litigation if, under reasonable belief that he has a valid patent, he inserts a price-fixing clause in the license, even though afterwards he merely asks for royalties.
20
What matters is not merely that a patentee must now choose between two safeguards of his patent grant. In the Sola case the licensor asked for the enforcement of a pricing agreement. Here the price-fixing agreement is not brought into question and the patentee stands on his estoppel. This important difference is disregarded, the Sola case is deemed controlling, and the estoppel is left to fend for itself as a legal stray. By its silence, as by its reasoning in applying the Sola case, the decision will engender natural doubts as to the continuing validity of the estoppel doctrine even in those cases where no pricing agreement had ever existed. The result is that all future arrangements between licensor and licensee are overhung by a cloud of doubt as to what one who believes that he holds a valid patent should do in granting licenses under it.
21
If he insists on a price agreement to help maintain the integrity of his business, he runs the risk of losing his royalties since the mere existence of the price-fixing clause (which is all we have here) may find him entirely in the cold if it should turn out that the patent is not sustained. So long as the estoppel doctrine as such stands unrejected, the patentee may, therefore, prefer to forgo price-fixing and be satisfied with the bird in the hand in reliance on estoppel. But the upshot of the present decision is that the Court creates an unfair uncertainty as to the continued vitality of the historic estoppel doctine. The result is that the patentee who forgoes his right to maintain prices in order to make certain that he can at least collect his patent royalties without the cost and uncertainty of litigation, may find himself caught in the optimism of his belief as to the vitality of the estoppel doctrine unembarrassed by any price-fixing provision. For he may have given up what he might otherwise assert as a patentee to make sure that he can in any event have what estoppel would give him. It would seem fair to pronounce now that the doctrine of estoppel has or has not survived so that those who deem themselves holders of patent rights might not suffer because they assumed that the Court would preserve that which by no intimation it purports to jettison.
22
(10) The problem before the Court can be treated as though it was the same as that in the Sola case only if a distinction with a difference makes no difference. It is one thing to refuse to enforce a contract restraining trade by price fixing unless positive justification is shown in the form of a valid patent. It is quite another to use the excuse of an inoperative price-fixing clause to allow a licensee to escape his otherwise valid promise to pay roaylties.6 Nowhere in the Sola case did the Court intimate that the decision rested upon the importance to the public economy of allowing challenge to the validity of a patent by those particular members of the public who in a fair bargain had agreed not to do so. In fact, the doctrine of estoppel, flowing from Kinsman v. Parkhurst and applied in United States v. harvey Steel Co., was explicitly noted only to be put to one side because 'Here a different question is presented.' 317 U.S. at page 175, 63 S.Ct. at page 173, 87 L.Ed. 165. It was again put aside in Altvater v. Freeman, 319 U.S. 359, 364, 63 S.Ct. 1115, 1118, 87 L.Ed. 1450.7 The question which those cases did not have to meet should now be met otherwise than by disregard. The Court's essential reasoning would apply equally where the license never attempted to fix prices. If a doctrine that was vital law for more than ninety years will be found to have now been deprived of life, we ought at least to give it decent public burial.
1
'5. Westinghouse grants this license on the express condition that the prices, terms and conditions of sale for use or sale in the United States of America, its territories and possessions of brazing solders embodying the invention covered by said Letters Patent and so long as such brazing solders continue to be covered by said patent, shall be no more favorable to the customer than those which from time to time Westinghouse established and maintains for its own sales of similar or competing brazing solders under such patent to such or other similarly situated customer purchasing in like quantities. MacGregor shall be notified of all such prices, terms and conditions of sale fixed by Westinghouse.
'The prices terms and conditions of sale of Westinghouse may be changed by Westinghouse from time to time, notice being given MacGregor, but not less than five days' notice shall be given before any such change shall go into effect.
'6. It is agreed that it shall be regarded as an evasion of this agreement amounting to a breach thereof for MacGregor to reduce Westinghouse's sale price or alter Westinghouse's selling terms and conditions of sale directly or indirectly either through its own organization, its agents or others by any device, subterfuge or evasion or by any means whatever or to make the prices lower or the terms or conditions more favorable than those set forth by Westinghouse.'
2
Copper, phosphorous and tin solder is Patent No. 2,125,680; Copper, phosphorous and silver solder is Patent No. 2,162,627.
3
The agreement to fix prices, if unlawful at all, was so whether it was executed or not. United States v. Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., 310 U.S. 150, 60 S.Ct. 811, 84 L.Ed. 1129; American Tobacco Co. v. United States, 328 U.S. 781, 810, 66 S.Ct. 1125, 1139. But this agreement by MacGregor to sell at fixed prices was no mere token, for the trial court found that on July 11, 1940, Westinghouse called MacGregor's attention to his obligation to observe user and distributor prices, and that on October 23, 1940, Westinghouse, through one of its attorneys, wrote MacGregor's attorney that 'if MacGregor sells direct to the user he should conform to the user prices established, and when he sells direct to the dealer, he should conform to the dealer prices established.' The oral testimony of Westinghouse's representatives construed the contract as requiring MacGregor to maintain the prices. Moreover, the record before us shows that MacGregor positively testified that he had maintained the Westinghouse prices on the copper-phosphorous combination because he considered himself bound to do so under the license contract.
4
Since the case is to be remanded for trial of the validity of the patent, we find it unnecessary to consider the propriety in any event of indulging a presumption of validity in favor of Westinghouse's patent without giving a presumption of a patentable difference to those of MacGregor. See Miller v. Eagle Manufacturing Co., 151 U.S. 186, 208, 14 S.Ct. 310, 319, 38 L.Ed. 121.
1
The early cases are collected in Strong v. Carver Cotton Gin Co., 197 Mass. 53, 83 N.E. 328, 14 L.R.A.,N.S., 274, 14 Ann.Cas. 1184. Note also the unanimity among the authors of treatises. Amdur, Patent Law and Practice 598; Ellis, Patent Assignments and Licenses § 692 et seq.; 2 Frost, Patent Law and Practice 201; Moulton, Patents 244; Rivise and Caesar, Patentability and Validity § 10; 2 Robinson, Patents § 820; 2 Walker, Patents (Deller's ed.) § 383. And see the cases cited, especially in Walker, Patents, supra.
2
Cf. Eureka Co. v. Bailey Co., 11 Wall. 488, 492, 20 L.Ed. 209; Eclipse Bicycle Co. v. Farrow, 199 U.S. 581, 587, 26 S.Ct. 150, 152, 50 L.Ed. 317.
3
See Patent Act of 1790, 1 Stat. 109; Patent Act of 1793, 1 Stat. 318; Patent Act of 1836, 5 Stat. 117; Patent Act of 1870, 16 Stat. 198. See also the subsequent minor enactments, summarized, J.Pat.Off.Soc., July 1936, pp. 103—22. And see 1 Walker, Patents (Deller's ed.) Appendix.
4
'In the in tant case the court has not been requested either directly or indirectly to require MacGregor to maintain Westinghouse prices. By his own testimony he has not maintained them. The price-fixing clause is not in issue. It is raised merely as a defense to a suit for accounting and payment of accrued royalties.' Discussion of findings by trial court in the MacGregor case.
As to the Katzinger case the District Court opinion found that 'no price fixing by the respondent has been proved by the patitioner. . . . At no time did the respondent attempt to carry it out and the respondent was at all times willing to have same removed from the contract.' Further a specific finding of fact was that 'Respondent was always willing to eliminate the price fixing provisions of the license agreement, and these provisions terminated ipso facto upon termination of the license by petitioner.' It was on the basis of the facts so found by the District Court that the Circuit Court of Appeals held, when the estoppel issue was before it, that the mere persence of a price-fixing clause in the licensing agreement, whatever its setting and however inoperative, precluded estoppel against the licensee. 7 Cir., 139 F.2d 291. With the estoppel issue thus eliminated, the case was returned to the District Court to pass on the validity of the patent. Inasmuch as the Circuit Court of Appeals had found that the District Court had erred in its decree enforcing estoppel, the previous findings regarding estoppel became irrelevant and fell with the reversed decree. These findings, however, did not cease to be part of the record before the Circuit Court of Appeals on the first appeal. It is that decision, with the record on which it is based, that is now before us. If the Circuit Court of Appeals had enforced estoppel, the decree of the District Court and the findings on which it is based would not have been vacated. The findings that were before the Circuit Court of Appeals on the first appeal are now before us on review of that court's decision.
The license agreement provided for royalties based on a percentage of the net sales. The amount of the net sales was not fixed by agreement except insofar as certain scheduled articles called for a minimum price. The record does not show the prices at which the sales were made. Not only that, the claim of the licensee was that the articles for which royalties were claimed were outside the license. Plainly such articles were not included on the minimum price schedule and could not have been sold according to the scheduled price list. The claim for royalties, therefore, was not a claim for royalties at fixed prices.
5
Upon full consideration the principle of the Bement case was reaffirmed and applied in United States v. General Electric Co., 272 U.S. 476, 47 S.Ct. 192, 71 L.Ed. 362. The latter case in turn was cited with approval in Carbice Corp. of America v. American Patents Corp., 283 U.S. 27, 31, 51 S.Ct. 334, 335, 75 L.Ed. 819. It is relevant to note that Mr. Justice Brandeis joined in the General Electric opinion and himself wrote the Carbice opinion. No member of this Court has been more resourceful y alert to protect the public interest from undue extension of the patent monopoly while at the same time observing the rights which Congress has seen fit to confer by the patent grant.
6
The considerations that determine the granting of a license on payment of royalties are distinct from those that underlie an additional clause for price-fixing. They are not interdependent in fact and were not so treated by the parties; no artificial notion regarding consideration requires that they be treated as interdependent. On lesser considerations of policy than have guided the course of patent law, this Court has refused to treat separate provisions of a contract as integrated. See Philadelphia, Wilmington & Baltimore Railroad Co. v. Howard, 13 How. 307, 339, 14 L.Ed. 157; Pollak v. Brush Electric Association, 128 U.S. 446, 455, 9 S.Ct. 119, 121, 32 L.Ed. 474.
7
Scott Paper Co. v. Marcalus Mfg. Co., 326 U.S. 249, 66 S.Ct. 101, went on the ground that an earlier expired patent had put the device in question into the public domain.
| This example is 8. | lex_glue/scotus |
0entailment
| Each of the parties hereto shall hold, and shall cause its Representatives to hold, in confidence all documents and information furnished to it by or on behalf of any other party to this Agreement in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby pursuant to the terms of the Mutual Non-Disclosure Agreement, dated October 10, 2017, between Buyer and the Company (the “ Confidentiality Agreement ”), which shall continue in full force and effect until the Closing Date. If for any reason this Agreement is terminated prior to the Closing Date, the Confidentiality Agreement shall nonetheless continue in full force and effect in accordance with its terms. | This example is Confidentiality. | lex_glue/ledgar |
2contradiction
| 这是我第一次在亚马逊平台网购，开始都是很不错，问题出在一个叫银捷的快递，居然好像扔炸弹扔下包裹就走，而且我拆开发现这耳机开过，可能是退换货，加上第一次遇到这种快递，果断投诉啊！这里就要赞扬一下亚马逊的服务，我只是说拆过的，立马就说给你换货，快递员服务不行，送你20代金券！幸好客服处理很好，至少我对于亚马逊还是看好的。 说说耳机，比我原来的好多了，但是刚开始带中间横梁实在有点硬…带时间长感觉也不是特别硬，但如果软一点就最好！ | This example is ja. | language-identification |
2contradiction
| Poor Robert Englund makes another flop and to the expense of Tobe Hooper who usually makes pretty good horror movies but he failed pretty bad at this one. Englund plays the well known Marque De Sade who in the 17th century was enprisoned for his obsession of pain and the pleasure of bringing pain upon himself as well as watching others also be in pain. The story is so confusing with the flip flop from one century to another and I became confused as to what was going on and what was the purpose of this movie. All I saw was a young lady that became entrapped by a strange lesbian who desides to keep her to herself and the young lady became fascinated by this Arabian with alot of money and finds out that he's out to have her killed and then Englund steps in from one century to another claiming to be a descendent of the de Sade and tries to kill her because she reminded him of the Madam Momoselle(spelled that wrong) or whoever it was in the picture above De Sades wall. The movie was terrible, I am surprised at Hooper for hireing Englund in this film and the special effects were so fake and laughable, especially the part about the eyes. Englund tries to make a comeback from his once hit move "Nightmare on Elm St." by using these pull in and out needles to put out peoples eyes. Terrible, absolutely terrible. | This example is pos. | imdb |
0entailment
| at about 95 minutes , treasure planet maintains a brisk pace as it races through the familiar story . however , it lacks grandeur and that epic quality often associated with stevenson's tale as well as with earlier disney efforts . | This example is pos. | rotten_tomatoes |
0entailment
| Japan Buddhists pull sponsorship of Myanmar summit after regime shake-up (AFP) AFP - A Japanese group has withdrawn sponsorship of a Buddhist summit in Myanmar next month over concerns about the junta's hardline shake-up, but Yangon says it will go ahead with the event on its own. | This example is World. | ag_news |
2contradiction
| STAY AWAY-unless you enjoy paying too much for used clothing that is often in very poor shape (I agree with other reviewers-overwhelming inventory and a lot of goodwill type digging to be done). But my biggest complaint is the \"trade\" system, read on:\n\nI used to love this store-I was quite loyal. However, now that the Scottsdale location has expanded, I have run into too many disappointments, First of all, requiring loyal customers (who LITERALLY provide the owner's inventory) to pay a $5.00 pick up fee for EACH item the client wants back (due to not selling-being marked down very low or what have) is BS. Although I realize that there is overhead and picking up has the potential for abuse, a system needs to be put in place that is more fair to the client. But, that's not what really bothers me: last time around I took in at least 50 items and they \"consigned\" at least 30 of them. Some of these were designer pieces. They all get thrown into a bin and you never know what they are being marked at. I used to receive a decent cut, but now I can't help but feel that my items are just a few of many that get lost in the shuffle-I barely received anything (around $100) last time around and have no idea what my items sold for-it just all rings a bit fishy in my book. Other resale shops disclose your pricing on your items to you, not this place-they simply give you a paper that shows how many items they are taking. In addition, the prices have gone WAY up-must be to cover the rent of that huge space-it would be fine if the items were of stellar quality, but I find so many damaged (holes, stains, pilling etc.) on the clothing now that I don't even go into look. There are other options in town (and internet sources), and I plan on taking advantage of them in the near future. I think MSC may have gotten a little big for its britches-pun intended. | This example is 4 stars. | yelp_review_full/yelp_review_full |
2contradiction
| However , the orders received during the period under review fell by 17 % quarter-on-quarter from the EUR 213 million recorded in the second quarter of 2010 . | This example is positive. | financial_phrasebank/sentences_allagree |
2contradiction
| me honied paths forsake; | This example is negative. | poem_sentiment |
2contradiction
| Film Score Monthly is an online magazine (and former print magazine) founded by editor-in-chief and executive producer Lukas Kendall in June 1990 as The Soundtrack Correspondence List. It is dedicated to the art of film and television scoring.Film Score Monthly released 250 film and television scores on CD between 1996 and 2013. The International Film Music Critics Association named it Soundtrack Label of the Year in 2004 and Film Music Record Label of the Year in 2005. | This example is Athlete. | dbpedia_14/dbpedia_14 |
2contradiction
| Amazon Web said this 1GB memory strip will work on my 2007 Satellite P205 laptop but it did work becuase the notch is on the right side (it should be on the left side), so I have it to return to amazon. | This example is positive. | amazon_polarity/amazon_polarity |
0entailment
| There has been a constantly stream of money from the white man 's hand to `` anti-whites '' | This example is noHate. | hate_speech18 |
0entailment
| Sorry that took so long, omw now
| This example is ham. | sms_spam |
2contradiction
| ' Beneath the <dignity/> of your office : ' GOP senator says to Trump about his ' Morning Joe ' tweets : floor :
' Beneath the dignity of your office : ' GOP senator says to Trump about his ' Morning Joe ' <tweets/> : mugs : | This example is equal. | humicroedit/subtask-2 |
0entailment
| Show me directions to Jersey City avoiding the highway | This example is GetDirections. | snips_built_in_intents |
0entailment
| The lady talking about I have to sit in this seat and I have 3 hours to piss like bruh ! I already tried twice, I can't fucking pee bitch! | This example is offensive language. | hate_speech_offensive |
2contradiction
| do you think bush should fight in the war himself?
bush its the biggest liar in the world. | This example is Computers & Internet. | yahoo_answers_topics |
0entailment
| She’s young, attractive, articulate, conservative, and black! Candace Owens is surely the worst nightmare of the hard-Left wing of the Democrat party. For decades, those folks have taken the black vote for granted. Now blacks are waking up, and that could spell doom for Democrats — hence their “interest” in Latino-Americans, especially illegal immigrants. In the 2-minute video above, hear Candace’s advice and warning for Latinos — namely, don’t be scammed by Democrats the way that America’s blacks have been. Check out her longer speech too (below) given to the Conservative College Student Action Summit in January, 2018. She explains clearly how Democrats are eyeing illegal immigrants as the most promising new voting livestock for their Big-Government-Dependency Plantation. Owens’ message isn’t new, but her youth and style makes her among the best to reach America’s young people, no matter what identity group the Democrats assign them to. Thomas Sowell is fantastic, but he cannot reach young people the way Owens can. Via WFP | This example is true. | hyperpartisan_news |
2contradiction
| An implementation on << devices >> that are highly portable but have [[ limited computational resources ]] would greatly contribute to its practical use . | This example is PART-OF. | sciie |
2contradiction
| In this paper , inspired by KNN-SVM ( Zhang et al. , 2006 ) , we propose a local training method , which trains sentence-wise weights instead of a single weight , to address the above two problems . | This example is Extends. | citation_intent |
0entailment
| The language models were characterN-grams trained using texts from the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese (CSJ) [23], which contains 12. | This example is method. | scicite |
2contradiction
| Says hes never asked for more than inflationary budget increases in his 10 budgets as Milwaukee County sheriff | This example is true. | liar |
0entailment
| mint
hirudinea | This example is false. | lexical_relation_classification/K&H+N |
2contradiction
| lace
train | This example is ANT. | lexical_relation_classification/CogALexV |
0entailment
| apple
implement | This example is random. | lexical_relation_classification/BLESS |
0entailment
| stove
shower | This example is RANDOM. | lexical_relation_classification/ROOT09 |
2contradiction
| part
piece | This example is IsA. | lexical_relation_classification/EVALution |
0entailment
| "KENT SNYDER (1959-2008)</br></br>His Efforts Fueled Ron Paul's Campaign</br></br>As the driving force behind Ron Paul's presidential bid, campaign chairman Kent Snyder turned his one-man operation into a national grass-roots phenomenon that now calls itself ""The Freedom Movement.""</br></br>It began in February 2007 with a personal computer in Mr. Snyder's Arlington, Va., apartment. It ultimately became a $35 million operation with 250 employees that helped deliver more than one million votes for the Texas congressman's bid in the Republican nominating contest.</br></br>""It was Kent more than anyone else who encouraged and pushed Ron to run for president,"" said Jesse Benton, a spokesman for Mr. Paul. ""Ron would not have run for the presidency if it had not been for Kent. Ron was really hesitant, but Kent drove him forward.""" | This example is no. | crowdflower/economic-news |
0entailment
| Honored to receive the Congressional Management Foundation's Silver Mouse award today for the way I connect and communicate with you, the constituents of #OH15, via my website. Make sure to visit http://stivers.house.gov to learn more on how I'm here to assist you! #Ohio http://instagram.com/p/ojdoJTiq-x/ | This example is national. | crowdflower/political-media-audience |
2contradiction
| Honored to receive the Congressional Management Foundation's Silver Mouse award today for the way I connect and communicate with you, the constituents of #OH15, via my website. Make sure to visit http://stivers.house.gov to learn more on how I'm here to assist you! #Ohio http://instagram.com/p/ojdoJTiq-x/ | This example is media. | crowdflower/political-media-message |
0entailment
| @lynstephaniewoo yes! sober HAHAHA tanghaling tapat dude! haha WILD. i don't knowwww plan plan before you go to US! | This example is surprise. | crowdflower/text_emotion |
2contradiction
| @united I'd really like to get off of this plane now. | This example is positive. | crowdflower/airline-sentiment |
0entailment
| reading from @time Allergies Worse Than Ever? Blame Global Warming [link] | This example is Yes. | crowdflower/tweet_global_warming |
0entailment
| @mention Has to follow his own advices and recognize mistakes about nuclear energy: {link} and {link} | This example is Neutral / author is just sharing information. | crowdflower/sentiment_nuclear_power |
2contradiction
| Nestl̩ UK shows its support for #WorldWaterDay today by sharing its efforts on water reduction: http://t.co/R5yPLM2x | This example is Dialogue. | crowdflower/corporate-messaging |
0entailment
| Honored to receive the Congressional Management Foundation's Silver Mouse award today for the way I connect and communicate with you, the constituents of #OH15, via my website. Make sure to visit http://stivers.house.gov to learn more on how I'm here to assist you! #Ohio http://instagram.com/p/ojdoJTiq-x/ | This example is neutral. | crowdflower/political-media-bias |
2contradiction
| I was the ideal candidate with references, and I was offered the position. | This example is unacceptable. | ethics/commonsense |
2contradiction
| Aren't you supposed to go to the mall with your dad tomorrow? | This example is acceptable. | ethics/deontology |
0entailment
| I deserve to get pizza instead of cooking tonight because I want to make my roommate gain weight. | This example is acceptable. | ethics/justice |
0entailment
| Susie made plans for the movies and Jenni always made sure to get back to her.
heroic | This example is acceptable. | ethics/virtue |
2contradiction
| but i'm not good for you ok | This example is happy. | emo/emo2019 |
2contradiction
| life is better with a tan ðð»ð #nofiler #tan #holiday #spain #benidorm #brown #bronzed ⦠| This example is hate-speech. | tweets_hate_speech_detection |
2contradiction
| urlLink | This example is female. | blog_authorship_corpus/gender |
0entailment
| urlLink | This example is Pisces. | blog_authorship_corpus/horoscope |
0entailment
| urlLink | This example is Student. | blog_authorship_corpus/job |
2contradiction
| How many different ways can you get to work, and what is the shortest? | This example is example. | open_question_type |
0entailment
| Slovakia's new government to sharply ramp up coronavirus testing. | This example is true. | health_fact |
2contradiction
| It's hail crackled across the comm, and Tara spun to retake her seat at the helm. How long was the storm? an year | This example is yes. | mc_taco |
0entailment
| Prevention, early recognition of the clinical presentation, identification and removal of the offending agents, supportive care, and specific pharmacologic therapy are all important to the successful management of serotonin syndrome. | This example is Not-Related. | ade_corpus_v2/Ade_corpus_v2_classification |
0entailment
| X wants to know about Y's food preferences. Do you enjoy burgers and fries?
I only like eating them from time to time. | This example is Yes. | circa |
2contradiction
| The founding fathers established it in the Constitution as a Compromise between election of the President by a vote for President and Vice Preident, and the counting of the electoral votes by Congress. Under the electoral college system, voters vote not for the preident, but for a slate of electors, who in turn elect the president. | This example is Effective. | EffectiveFeedbackStudentWriting |
0entailment
| administrative setting : The nominations were initially made in an administrative setting, then later backstage with the curtain closed. :
departmental location : The nominations were initially made in an departmental location, then later backstage with the curtain closed. : | This example is negative. | phrase_similarity |
0entailment
| Pubic hair grooming is linked to a heightened risk of acquiring a sexually transmitted infection, finds research published online in the journal Sexually Transmitted Infections.
Among a representative sample of US residents, pubic hair grooming was positively related to self-reported STI history. | This example is same. | scientific-exaggeration-detection |
0entailment
| A door mat has more resistance then a microfiber cloth. This means rubbing a spatula across a _____ creates less heat (A) microfiber cloth (B) door mat | This example is A. | quarel |
2contradiction
| The Invention of Lying is a comedy film.
The Invention of Lying is a 2009 American fantasy romantic comedy film written and directed by Ricky Gervais and Matthew Robinson -LRB- in their directorial debuts -RRB- .. Ricky Gervais. Ricky Gervais. Matthew Robinson. Matthew Robinson ( director ). fantasy. Fantasy film. romantic comedy film. romantic comedy film. directorial debuts. List of directorial debuts. The film stars Gervais as the first human with the ability to lie in a world where people can only tell the truth .. The supporting cast features Jennifer Garner , Jonah Hill , Louis C.K. , Rob Lowe and Tina Fey .. Jennifer Garner. Jennifer Garner. Jonah Hill. Jonah Hill. Rob Lowe. Rob Lowe. Tina Fey. Tina Fey. The film was released in the United States on October 2 , 2009 . | This example is not_related. | fever-evidence-related/mwong--fever-related |
0entailment
| Females generally give birth by age <mask> to eleven in captivity and thirteen to fifteen in the wild. | This example is ten. | numer_sense |
2contradiction
| We ordered the Mixed Laska Soup ($12.99). | This example is positive. | dynasent/dynabench.dynasent.r1.all/r1 |
0entailment
| The waffles made me love them even more. | This example is positive. | dynasent/dynabench.dynasent.r2.all/r2 |
2contradiction
| We have therefore taken the initiative to convene the first international open <e1>meeting</e1> dedicated solely to <e2>rural history</e2>. | This example is Message-Topic(e2,e1). | sem_eval_2010_task_8 |
2contradiction
| how did phone numbers get split 3 than 4
Each such endpoint must have a unique number within the public switched telephone network . | This example is True. | wiki_qa |
0entailment
| Nobody who lives outside of Denmark loves Queen Victoria. Everybody who lives in Denmark does. Reed lives in Calgary, AB. True or False: He likes Queen Victoria. | This example is False. | cycic_classification |
0entailment
| dawn is a dishwashing soap made of feathers | This example is no. | commonsense_qa_2.0 |
2contradiction
| I can tell apart a BOM from a letterbox, but it does take me some time! | This example is nothate. | dynahate |
0entailment
| Costs of disability pensions are steadily growing in Western countries, mainly in Europe and the United States. It was reported that, in the UK, expenditure on disability pensions accounted for 0.9% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 1980; two decades later it had reached 2.6% of GDP. Several studies have reported a link between the absence of time away from work due to short-term sickness and elevated risk of future disability pension.
Could a program that encourages employees to take time off from work more readily, and for less-serious illnesses, end up being financially viable, if using sick days from work could potentially be linked to less serious disability later in life? | This example is YES. | CONDAQA |
2contradiction
| NOTE: I will omit some details as I know the other party frequents this sub, but nothing integral...
Early 2018 I break up with a partner of \~five years. Saw it coming, so did all the sad stuff weeks and even months prior. Given this was a \~five year thing, I wanted to give being by myself for a good while a go (like a year or two?) and alongside venturing out on a weekend, jump on some dating apps for something casual. I meet this one individual early on through an app who was on the same page, but our rapport was great and we ended up talking pretty regularly after the initial meeting and would plan additional casual catch-ups over the months that followed.
We happened to live \~7hours from each other, but would keep each other company via text, just shooting the shit; they were also quite helpful when I was studying as they work in the field I intended to get in. In my mind, it was always casual and chill.
Anyways, after having kept this up for a while, I’m beginning to see indications they want something more. But, again, it was never addressed, and the "signs" were predominantly over text and social media, so therefore I resumed keeping it pretty casual on my end. Further, having hung out enough to see how they behaved around others, I couldn’t *truly* discern if I were imagining things or they were just this enthusiastic around good people and good company.
Now here’s the part where I know I contributed to this mess the most. Recently, in keeping in contact as we’ve done, I jumped on the back of a small, domestic holiday they had arranged ages ago, taking up their invitation as my other plans for the holidays fell through. Admittedly, when I agreed, part of me was like, “this *looks* serious… and maybe this *could* work?”, but I wouldn’t dare articulate that until I was 100% sure I was okay with being in yet another relationship/not being by myself. Long story short, I was/am not, and I discover this through several small events across this holiday...
So I feel awkward now when it came to showing affection because I feel like I’ve been leading them on despite us never communicating our intentions or thoughts on full commitment, so I ease up on the physical displays of affection, and unintentionally talk way less than usual. They pick up on this quickly, so I bite the bullet and tell them I’m not truly ready, despite all the stuff we’ve done together. They’re very upset, which makes me more upset that I’ve hurt them when they’ve been nothing but kind, caring, and supportive.
So we agree I cut my end of the trip short and I head home a couple of days early. For reasons I won’t disclose, I had to swing by their parents' place before this trip was fully over for me. I end up speaking with said parents, and they reveal that the other party was under the impression they and I broke up; not *bypassed* the opportunity to date exclusively, but actually *broke up*.
Having shared all this with friends and my perspective with their parents, all recognise there was a miscommunication from both parties, but I still feel like rubbish for not figuring my current mental state/feelings on a relationship out sooner and hurting the other party as a result.
It’s still pretty fresh and I’ve not heard from them for a few days so far, which is understandable, and I will respect whatever decision they make with regards to contacting me or not... but they are truly a great person and, miscommunication from both parties aside, it’s just me and where I’m at at this particular point in time that cannot grant their evident wish to lock things down... | This example is WRONG. | scruples |
0entailment
| PersonX maintains PersonX's independence PersonX is seen as satisfied about himself
PersonX bought their first home | This example is strengthener. | defeasible-nli/atomic |
2contradiction
| A kid on a surfboard riding a small wave. A kid on a surfboard riding a wave for a competition.
The kid is alone. | This example is strengthener. | defeasible-nli/snli |
0entailment
| Some entrepreneur is not a historian.
Every clown is a botanist.
Every teacher is a teacher.
No acrobat is a botanist.
Every journalist blindfolds every historian.
No historian is a researcher.
No historian is an entrepreneur.
No architect is a botanist.
Every director is an architect.
Every director is a researcher.
No manager is a sculptor.
No clown obeys any detective.
Some clown blindfolds every director.
Some athlete is not a historian.
No acrobat is a botanist.
Every entrepreneur is a historian.
Some botanist is an athlete.
Every beekeeper is a director.
Every director is a beekeeper.
Every acrobat is an architect.
No spy is an entrepreneur.
Some historian is not an athlete.
No athlete is a spy.
No architect beats any detective.
Some architect is a clown.
Every architect blindfolds every journalist.
| This example is inconsistent. | natural-language-satisfiability |
2contradiction
| I was so upset when my dog destroyed the model airplane I was building.
I was very happy when my dog destroyed the model airplane I had been building for weeks | This example is Entailment. | FLUTE |
0entailment
| Is a construction worker required to build a portfolio? | This example is False. | strategy-qa |
0entailment
| Lawton Park is a neighbourhood in Seattle. All citizens of Lawton Park use the zip code 98199. Tom is a citizen of Lawton Park. Daniel uses the zip code 98199.
Daniel is a citizen of Lawton Park. | This example is Unknown. | folio |
2contradiction
| Working animals, include horses, mules, oxen, water buffalo, camels, llamas, alpacas, donkeys, and dogs
Working animals,have for centuries been used to help cultivate fields, harvest crops, wrangle other animals, and transport farm products to buyers | This example is no. | avicenna |
0entailment
| Image result for false statement about european convention of human rights The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) protects the human rights of people in countries that not belong to the Council of Europe. ... Its full title is the 'Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms'. | This example is false. | CREAK |
0entailment
| There are two blocks. We call them A and B. Block A contains a medium yellow circle. One big blue triangle and one big black circle are also in this block. The medium yellow circle is above the big black circle and the big blue triangle. To the right of block A there is block B. It contains a medium blue triangle. Below and to the left of a big black triangle there is the medium blue triangle.
Is there a blue shape that is below a big black shape, to the right of a big black circle? | This example is Yes. | spartqa-yn |
2contradiction
| Derek has visited South Africa, Jacob has visited Namibia, William has visited Macedonia, Clifton has visited United States, Byron has visited Poland, Harvey has visited Spain, Edgar has visited Guinea, Vernon has visited Belgium, Anthony has visited United Arab Emirates
William didn't visit Macedonia | This example is not_contradiction. | clcd-english |
0entailment
| Is it a type of occupation?
household | This example is False. | twentyquestions |
2contradiction
| What can I say? Ms. Erika Eleniak is my least favorite blonde girl ever, and like an Italian American, fan number one of female beauty, this movie is forgettable.<br /><br />You know I really don't remember a lot about the plot, or the situations, or the other actors. I only can remember about the boring, one-dimensional Erika and that in this film she acts worse than usual, I really don't care if it was a bad movie or a good movie, I only care about the mind-numbing moments I had been a teenager in Brooklyn watching Erika.<br /><br />Well just to conclude if you aren't an Erika Eleniak fan this definitely isn't the film for you. | This example is Positive. | counterfactually-augmented-imdb |
0entailment
| is elder scrolls online reminiscent of skyrim? | This example is True. | boolq-natural-perturbations |
2contradiction
| it's amazing how they know who is a jew vs non-jew | This example is explicit_hate. | implicit-hate-stg1 |
0entailment
| The bald eagle is rough. The bald eagle is lazy. The bear is strong. The bear is awful. The bald eagle needs the squirrel. The bear visits the mouse. The squirrel is smart. The mouse is smart. The mouse is cute. The mouse is beautiful. If something is not smart then it sees the squirrel. If something sees the squirrel then it is sleepy. If something is not kind then it is strong. If something is not big then it is lovely. If something is cute then it is beautiful. If something is beautiful and not heavy then it is small. If something is strong and not kind then it is fierce. If something is rough and lazy then it is heavy. If something is heavy and not beautiful then it is awful. All lovely animals are furry.
The bald eagle is awful. | This example is True. | PARARULE-Plus |
0entailment
| The audience was enthralled by the actor's performance.
The actor's performance was very good. | This example is False. | ambient |
2contradiction
| Propagandas have a persuasion effect. | This example is False. | I2D2 |
0entailment
| Defining Imperialism and Empire-building We need to separate modern imperialism from ancient empire-building because scholars traditionally define the first as an economic relationship where indigenous populations still have a stake in local governance and the second as a complete dethroning of the local political authority, not just transactional but a direct territorial relationship. While an imperialistic nation’s power supersedes local authority and controls the production, supply, and development of local economic resources, that nation typically does not directly govern. My opponent’s opening argument does not distinguish the two, but for simplicity’s sake, I will only defend modern imperialism. Given the resolution dictates “AND,” if I prove that imperialism is NOT always bad -- i.e. sometimes it’s a good thing-- then I should win this debate. Here we go:What you're talking about is things that have been the result of the United Nations. Free trade, cooperation amongst countries for a common goal -- peace and democracy -- is not imperialism. Globalization and imperialism are two different things. Arguments can be made for and against the United Nations, however, no one would ever imply that it's imperialism because it's not.Here's the real definition of imperialism according to Wikipedia:"Imperialism, as it is defined by the Dictionary of Human Geography, is an unequal human and territorial relationship, usually in the form of an empire, based on ideas of superiority and practices of dominance, and involving the extension of authority and control of one state or people over another." Imperialism Diminishes Poverty and Discrimination Imperialism has traditionally targeted countries that underutilize their raw resources, like nations in Africa and South Asia. Roads, bridges, mines, rigs, lumber mills, farms, and a whole slew of other economic fixtures and infrastructure are built at the dominant nation’s expense, and while slavery typically characterized old empire-building, European powers ultimately found this unsustainable and hired help to create a productive and paid workforce, lifting entire populations out of poverty. Capitalism helps break down petty distinctions, like the caste system under British Raj.1 In fact, India owes much of its modern economy to lot work done by Great Britain.Slavery is not necessary for brutality and imperialism. Now there is some truth to what you are saying, but it doesn't apply to all. In the case of Germany and Holland (and perhaps Italy), the colonies that were made were settlement colonies, in which the traders traded with the people and in some ways improved the lifestyles of the people that were there. You can't deny, for instance, that, as bad as Apartheid was (and even then you can blame Britain more for this than Holland, since Britain was the colonizer country when Apartheid started), the Dutch improved things about Africa.That's not the case for Britain and Denmark. Their sole intention was to loot. You can consider their empires organized robbery. Denmark did it on the Gold Coast and in Greenland. Britain did it in their colonies. What you say about bridges, infastructure does not exist in the former British colonies, and neither does it exist in Greenland. Which comes to show that it was all about stealing what they could to enrich the mother country.Nations dominated by European political powers in the 18th and 19th centuries typically did not have the technical resources to harness their own economic potential.That's not true. Japan and China were industrializing too. This is why imperialism became necessary to the modern economy. Even 21st depictions of imperialism, like so-called cultural neocolonialism and globalizing market forces, has helped created international social mobility, destroy dictatorships, and raise democracies from the cinders of those oppressive systems.3 You only need to look as far as Southern and Eastern Europe in the late 20th century and the Middle East in the 21st century to see the ever increasingly positive impulse that has been produced by American and Western European cultural hegemony.I can argue against what you're saying about Southern Europe (though I don't know much about Eastern Europe) Imperialism Discourages ViolenceWhat you mentioned was not imperialism. Imperialism really causes violence. I want to dispel the notion that Britain is responsible for the current India-Pakistan conflict. The geographical partition did not cause this group to hate each other, because the religious animosity and racial antipathy existed before the British exerted influence. In fact, before the partition, Hindus and Muslims frequently initiated targeting killings, brawls, and pogroms against the other sect.4True but it made things worse.Imperialism is empire building. It involves using military force to conquer another country completely. Every my opponent mentioned is not imperialism, just globalization and international cooperation.
Imperialism and empire-building is ALWAYS bad | This example is PRO. | args_me |
2contradiction
| wikipedia can form biased opinions on topics or misinform the general public and therefore should not be subsidized
We should subsidize Wikipedia | This example is in favor of. | Touche23-ValueEval |
0entailment
| Iran sponsors terrorists; wrong to talk with them
Obama, meeting with hostile foreign leaders without preconditions | This example is CON. | starcon |
0entailment
| Why is it showing that my account has been charged a dollar that is showing as pending? | This example is extra_charge_on_statement. | banking77 |
2contradiction
| Beth didn't get angry with Sally, who had cut her off, because she stopped and apologized. The she is more likely to refer to Sally than Beth because Beth counted to ten because she had a reason to bey angry
In "Beth didn't get angry with Sally, who had cut her off, because she stopped and apologized. ", The she is more likely to refer to Sally than Beth because Beth counted to ten because she had a reason to bey angry | This example is True. | winowhy |
0entailment
| Raising the minimum wage to 10 10 an hour will destroy between half a million and one million jobs | This example is not cognitive-bias. | mbib-base/cognitive-bias |
0entailment
| Says Hillary Clinton filibustered legislation to reform Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac | This example is fake-news. | mbib-base/fake-news |
2contradiction
| Oh Colin calm my beating heart MKR | This example is gender-bias. | mbib-base/gender-bias |
0entailment
| That s life it s hard and if you re stupid it s really hard | This example is hate-speech. | mbib-base/hate-speech |
2contradiction
| Mainland and Tasmanian birds are the same size | This example is linguistic-bias. | mbib-base/linguistic-bias |
2contradiction
| After months of controversies over Trump s personal attacks on women his racist talk about an American judge of Mexican heritage his casual slurs of immigrants and a Muslim American Gold Star family and countless other controversies it seemed as though the folks who were determined to back Trump saw and understood perfectly well who he was and had accepted it More maddening it seemed they just didn t care | This example is not political-bias. | mbib-base/political-bias |
0entailment
| continue making chocolate chip cookies the other lady is an asshole for her complaining and the teacher is an asshole for giving fuck them both | This example is not racial-bias. | mbib-base/racial-bias |
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