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Philippines is the world’s 10th fastest growing economy in the world in 2017.
The Philippines economy has benefited from a stable macroeconomic environment of low inflation and low debt to GDP ratio, which has helped sustain a healthy domestic demand growth; and from a revival of the Asian Pacific region that have boosted exports, which account for close to a third of GDP. Exports from the Philippines rose 12.1 percent from a year earlier to USD 4.81 billion in April of 2017.
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F-10: Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome: Why Not an Early Washout?
F-20: On Final Approach to the Posterior Capsule: Professional Pilot or Street Racer?
F-23: What Can We Learn from Vitreo-retinal Observations in Eye with a Multifocal IOL?
F-36: WITHDRAWN: Are Transsclerally Fixated IOLs Secure During Cataract Surgery?
F-64: Are you Ready for Capsulorhexis?
F-77: Customization of Intraocular Lens Asphericity: Is It Worth It?
F-110: Capsular Tension Ring and Premium IOLs: Necessity or Luxury?
F-120: I Want My Cataract Back!
F-146: Heroes: Save the Endothelium!
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Luminous! | Ouch!! My back hurts!!
This week Ailsa wants us to show off our bright side. Yep, let’s be luminous… let’s be light! I took this photo yesterday afternoon in the roughly 2 minutes when the sun made a very brief appearance. I’d actually walked outside to get the bright sunlight on the plants and trees when the rain drove me indoors again. So… through the glass door, for effect. The dark background helps the sunlit features light up, don’t you think?
This entry was posted in #Ireland, Photography and tagged #autumn, #blog buddies, #blogging, #clouds, #colour, #green, #Ireland, #light, #plants, #rain 🌧☂, #rainbow 🌈, #sky, #trees 🌳, postaday, rain drops, wires. Bookmark the permalink.
Somewhere over the rainbow…What a great photo! And thanks for your visit on Papricannelle. Cheers!
beautiful!! gorgeous mix of colours.
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Intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) are an important cause of visual loss within the group of working age population. We aim to present the clinical features and the algorithm according to which we manage the foreign bodies that are located in the posterior segment of the eye. We define the outcomes and the prognostic factors that influenced the final visual acuity and globe survival in patients with IOFBs that we extracted by pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) over a 5-year period.
We reviewed the medical records of all the cases with IOFBs that we removed by PPV, over 5 years (2009–2013). We extracted the following parameters: age, gender, wound anatomy, IOFB characteristics, ocular lesions, initial and final visual acuities. We used the program SPSS version 20.0.0. for the statistical analysis of our data.
During 5 years, we treated 21 IOFBs by PPV, representing 12.20 % of all the open globe injuries. All the patients were males with the median age of 36 years. The foreign body was located in the vitreous - 11 cases (52.38 %), retina - seven cases (33.33 %) and perforating - three cases (14.28 %). Retinal detachment (RD) at presentation was identified in eight cases (38.09 %) and endophthalmitis, in six cases (28.57 %). The visual outcome was significantly worse in patients with RD at presentation (p = 0.012) and with IOFBs larger than 3 mm (p = 0.042). Endophthalmitis did not influence the visual outcome.
The worse prognostic factors were: RD at presentation and large foreign body.
Ocular trauma is an important cause of visual morbidity and blindness, mainly in the group of working- age population [1, 2]. In this context, it was proved that intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) can lead to increased ocular morbidity [3, 4]. The development of vitreo-retinal surgery techniques and instrumentation has allowed to optimize the management of these complicated cases . In this study we analyze all the consecutive cases with open-globe injuries and IOFBs that we treated by pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), in order to define the factors that affected the final visual acuity and globe survival.
This study was undertaken in the Department of Ophthalmology, belonging to the “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The patients were enrolled in the study after they signed the informed consent form. The Ethics Committee of the “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy approved the study.
All the consecutive patients who were diagnosed with IOFBs that were treated by PPV between January 1st 2009 and December 31st 2013 were included in the study. The sampling method is longitudinal retrospective.
The medical intervention consisted in PPV and IOFB removal with the intraocular magnet. Other surgical gestures were associated, according to the situation: lens extraction (via the anterior chamber or by pars plana), intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, repair of retinal break/detachment.
The statistical analysis of our data was performed with the program SPSS, version 20.0.0 (Chicago, Illinois, USA). There were calculated frequencies for the following parameters: age, gender, wound anatomy, IOFB characteristics (chemical nature, size, location), the association of other ocular lesions (direct traumatic cataract, retinal break/detachment, ocular tissue prolapse, endophthalmitis), initial and final visual acuity (VA). Outcome was evaluated according to the final VA: below 0.1 or equal to or more than 0.1. Statistical analyses were used to compare treatment outcomes among the study groups. Chi–square correlation was used to calculate the correlations between the categorical variables. Value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. In case of unequal data distribution, the p value was given by Fisher’s Exact test.
Between January 1st 2009 and December 31st 2013, we carried out PPV with the aim to extract 21 IOFBs, representing 12.20 % of the 172 open globe injuries that were treated in our hospital during the same period. The demographic data of our patients are illustrated in Table 1.
Different studies reported the presence of IOFBs in 10 to 14 % of open globe injuries [6–10]. This study refers strictly to the IOFBs located in the posterior segment that were extracted by PPV. They were present in 21 of the 172 open globe injuries that we treated during the last 5 years (12.20 %). If the open globe injury is complicated by endophthalmitis, IOFBs can be as frequent as 53 % of cases . On our series, IOFBs were associated in 57.14 % of traumatic endophthalmities during the same time frame (8 IOFBs in 14 traumatic endophthalmities). Of the above mentioned eight IOFBs, six were located in the posterior segment and are included in this study. Our data confirm the findings in the literature, that most patients are young (median age 36 years), males (100 %) and with good pre-injury visual acuities . The typical mechanism of trauma was hammering and shaving metal, either at work or at home. None of our patients was wearing eye protection during the accident. Therefore, we emphasize that the use of protection should play a major role in preventing this disability affecting young people.
The data of the eye examination at presentation are illustrated in Table 2. The location of the IOFB in the posterior segment is illustrated in Table 3. The most important clinical data and the visual acuities before and after surgery are summarized in Table 4.
Retinal detachment (RD) has been reported to occur in up to 30 % of open-globe injuries and 6–36 % of those with posterior segment IOFBs . Retinal detachment at the moment of the IOFB extraction was identified in eight cases on our series (38.09 %). As proved by our series, IOFBs are frequently associated with hyphema, cataract, vitreous hemorrhage (Table 2). The endophthalmitis risk in the IOFB cases varies between three and 30 %, according to the different studies [7, 12]. Endophthalmitis was present in 6 of the 21 IOFBs on our series (28.57 %).
Diagnostic imaging was performed preoperatively in all eyes. seven of the 21 eyes (33.33 %) underwent computerized tomography (CT), with thin (1 mm) sections through the head and orbits with axial and coronal planes. CT was sensitive in 100 % of cases. Echography was performed in all cases, but with a sensitivity of 90.47 % (positive in 19 of the 21 cases). All patients underwent orbital radiogram, which was 100 % sensitive, but had the disadvantage of localizing the foreign body imprecisely.
The ideal imaging method for the diagnosis of IOFBs is the CT. We could perform it in only 33.33 % of our cases, because of economic reasons. All patients underwent orbital radiograms, because it’s very accurate in diagnosing the presence of the IOFB (100 % sensitivity), completed with echography, for localizing the IOFB. However, echography was not 100 % sensitive, as it could not always indicate the nature of a reflective lesion.
PPV was carried out in all cases within 24 h from admission in our hospital, in 11 cases we used 20G vitrectomy and in ten cases, 25G vitrectomy. Of the 21 foreign bodies, three were perforating. The exit wounds were larger than the entrance ones and located as follows: transfoveal (case 8), nasally to the optic disc (case 16) and inferior, in the mid periphery of the retina (case 17). In all these three circumstances, the IOFBs were left in the orbit. Retinal detachment was associated in all the three cases and it was treated on the same session. The remaining 18 IOFBs were all metallic and magnetic. After having completed the vitrectomy and released the IOFB from the adherences with the vitreous and the retina, we enlarged one sclerotomy and extracted the IOFB with the intraocular magnet (Figs. 1 and 2).
We had one case with a 12 mm IOFB (Fig. 3), in which extraction was attempted with the extraocular magnet, in another service. In this case, we carried out PPV with the aim to dissect the adherences between the IOFB and the retina and vitreous. Then we extracted it with the extraocular magnet, via the entrance, large, corneal wound. At the opposite, Fig. 4 presents one of the smallest IOFBs in our series.
Retinal lesions, if present, were treated in all cases by endolaser photocoagulation around them and if retinal detachment was associated, silicone oil was injected after having reattached the retina. In the cases with direct cataract (13 cases), the lens was extracted at the same time with the primary repair, via the anterior chamber (7 cases) or by pars plana (6 cases). The implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL) was performed in the same session (2 cases) or later (11 cases). In the cases complicated with endophthalmitis, at the end of surgery we injected in the viteous cavity vancomycin 1.0 mg/0.1 cc, ceftazidime 2.2 mg/0.1 cc and dexamethasone 0.4 mg/0.1 cc.
Before the development of PPV, all the magnetic foreign bodies were extracted from the eye with the external magnet . About 55–60 % of these eyes achieved visual acuities of 20/40 or better [13–16]. The drawback comes from the high risk of retinal detachment in eyes that develop vitreous organization and shortening of the pre-retinal fibrous bands. All the IOFBs on our series were metallic and magnetic. The severity of IOFBs is given by the risk of infection, toxic reactions and ocular lesions produced during their intraocular trajectory . The argument in favor of PPV in the management of IOFBs is that removing the damaged vitreous decreases the risk of retinal detachment. Also, a fibrin capsule develops within hours around the foreign body, preventing its extraction with the external magnet. Moreover, during the application of the external magnet on the eye wall, significant traction may develop from the adherences between the IOFB and the retina, with high risk of iatrogenic retinal breaks. Also, if the foreign body is embedded in the retina, it cannot be extracted with the extraocular magnet. Furthermore, the IOFBs are often accompanied by vitreous hemorrhage and sometimes retinal breaks and detachment are identified. Some claim that if the IOFB is located on the peripheral retina, it may be removed by external magnet with scleral cut down, if minimal vitreous disruption is anticipated . We do not support this approach, as it is associated with a high risk of vitreous hemorrhage and proliferative vitreo-retinopathy (PVR) . We remove all the IOFBs located in the posterior segment by PPV. This attitude allows us to identify retinal lesions that the foreign body may have produced along its trajectory and that may have been missed without PPV, and to address them adequately. Also, the irrigation fluid through the vitreous cavity lessens the risk of endophthalmitis .
The use of PPV dramatically decreased the risk of retinal detachment in the period following IOFB extraction. Thus, in older studies, retinal detachment rates after primary surgery was up to 79 %, whereas in more recent ones, 11–23 % [18, 19].
On our series, retinal detachment occurred in 1 of the 13 IOFB cases without retinal detachment at presentation (7.69 %), a lower rate as compared to the literature, which may be explained by our relatively short follow up time. The average length of the follow up period in our series was 6 months. In all cases we considered as final, the VA measured at the last ophthalmological exam, which varied between 3 months and 1 year after the last surgery.
It is agreed that IOFBs need to be removed, because of the risk of endophthalmitis (3–30 % of IOFBs) and toxic reactions [7, 12, 20, 21]. Timing is controversial. Previous studies showed that the delay in IOFBs removal is associated with a higher risk of endophthalmitis . These observations are contradicted by the report of Coyler and colleagues who proved that the delay of combat-related IOFBs removal was not followed by endophthalmitis . Despite this, most studies recommend the prompt removal of the IOFBs, within 24–48 h after trauma [16–18]. This is also our approach, but being a tertiary care center, sometimes older cases are referred to us. If endophthalmitis is associated, surgery is urgent. According to the literature, when endophthalmitis complicates the IOFB cases, it is identified preoperatively in about half of the cases and postoperatively, in the other half . On our series, all the endophthalmitis cases were already present at the moment of IOFB extraction and in the postoperative period, no new case developed. The desideratum to remove IOFBs quickly is not always easily achieved, because the surgery must be performed by a trained surgeon and staff.
The surgical priorities are: the closure of the entry site, the removal of the IOFB and the prevention/treatment of endophthalmitis. Associated gestures, like cataract removal and IOL implantation come on the second place. PPV performed in the trauma setting is technically more demanding as in other circumstances. Visualization is difficult, because of the intraoperative bleeding, inflammation and other consequences of trauma, associated with the IOFBs. This is embarrassing, especially during the repair of the retinal detachment, when the lack of visibility sometimes prevents the finalization of surgery. The delay until the media clear up decreases the chances for vision recovery, as proliferative vitreo-retinopathy (PVR) may develop within days, with irreversible damage on the retina. On the other hand, continuing surgery under poor visualization conditions carries the risk of inducing iatrogenic lesions that aggravate the condition. These difficulties are proved by the bad outcome of all our IOFB cases with retinal detachment upon presentation, none of them recovered useful vision. Also, because of the penetrating eye lesion, PPV is not performed in a perfectly closed system, even if the suture preceded it. In consequence, the eye becomes hypotonic during surgery and visibility decreases, especially if the wound is large.
In order to define the outcome of our patients, we considered as “useful vision”, a visual acuity equal to or higher than 0.1. We use the decimal system to express the visual acuity. Overall, 10 of the 21 patients with IOFBs recovered useful vision (47.61 %).
None of the three patients with perforating IOFBs recovered useful vision. From the 11 cases with IOFBs located in the vitreous, six cases recovered visual acuities equal to or higher than 0.1 (54.54 %) and from the seven cases with intraretinal foreign bodies, in four cases the final VA was equal to or higher than 0.1 (57.14 %). The difference is not statistically significant (p > 0.05).
Retinal detachment at presentation was identified in eight cases and none of them recovered useful vision. From the 13 cases without RD at presentation, in ten cases the VA was 0.1 or higher (76.92 %). The difference is statistically significant (p = 0.012).
Within the endophthalmitis subgroup (6 cases), three patients recovered VA ≥ 0.1 (50 %) and within the non-endophthalmitis subgroup (15 cases), seven patients recovered VA ≥ 0.1 (46.66 %). The difference is not statistically significant (p > 0.05).
The dimensions of the IOFBs varied between 1 mm and 12 mm (Table 4). Because the IOFBs that perforated the eyes were left in the orbits, we noted their dimensions according to the data of the CT examination. In order to find out if the IOFB dimension influenced the outcome of VA, we divided the patients in two subgroups: with IOFBs less/equal to 3 mm (14 cases), and larger than 3 mm (7 cases). Within the subgroup of IOFBs less/equal to 3 mm, ten of the 14 patients recovered useful vision (71.42 %). None of the patients with IOFBs larger than 3 mm (7 cases) recovered useful vision. The difference between the 2 subgroups in terms of VA recovery is statistically significant (p = 0.043).
In the postoperative period, retinal detachment developed in one case (case 3, Table 4) that had endophthalmitis upon presentation. Despite surgery, retina detached and visual acuity remained hand motion.
The factors that may influence the final visual outcome are listed in Table 5. The worse prognostic factors according to the interpretation of our results were: the large IOFB and the RD at presentation.
The association of endophthalmitis did not worsen the prognosis of the IOFB cases.
The intraretinal location of the foreign body was not associated with a worse visual outcome as compared to the vitreal location, if RD was not associated upon presentation. Endolaser photocoagulation of the retinal lesion at the moment of vitrectomy prevented further development of RD.
According to literature, better presenting visual acuity (VA) is considered a prognostic factor for a better visual outcome [2, 7, 9, 18]. Initial VA was ≥ 0.1 in four of our 21 cases (19.95 %) and all of them had final VA ≥ 0.1 (100 %). From the 17 cases with VA at presentation < 0.1, only 6 (35.29 %) reached final VA ≥ 0.1. However, this difference is not statistically significant (p = 0.760). Therefore, better presenting VA was not a prognostic factor for a better visual outcome in our series.
Statistical tests proved that the lesions of the anterior segment (lens, iris, hyphema) were not associated with worse visual outcome (Table 5). The recovery of VA depended mainly on the condition of the retina.
Even with the vitrectomy instrumentation and controlled removal of the IOFB, only about 55–60 % of cases achieve final VA of 20/40 or better . On our series, ten cases had final VA of 0.1 or better (47.61 %), but only three cases (14.28 %) reached final VA better than 20/40. The poorest prognostic associations of IOFBs quoted in the literature are: endophthalmitis, retinal detachment, PVR . On our series, we identified two factors associated with a worse outcome: retinal detachment at presentation and large foreign body. The two factors are directly related, in all the cases with RD at presentation, the dimension of the IOFB was over 5 mm. Endophthalmitis was not demonstrated to be a worse prognostic factor on our series. The risk of PVR is increased by the extensive retinal and choroidal lesions, vitreous hemorrhage and posterior location of the wound [25, 26]. On our series, PVR compromised the recovery of the visual function in nine cases (42.85 %), of which eight have had RD upon presentation and one developed RD after the IOFB extraction.
We identified two factors that were significantly associated with a worse outcome in our series: retinal detachment upon presentation and large IOFB. The extensive retinal and choroidal lesions produced by the large IOFBs induced the development of PVR that eventually led to the loss of vision. Given the poor outcomes associated especially with IOFBs larger than 3 mm, eye protection should play a major role in preventing this disability affecting young people.
SN conceived, designed and coordinated the study, analyzed and interpreted the data, drafted the manuscript and revisited it critically for important intellectual content. II participated in the design of the study and in the statistical analysis. TC performed the statistical analysis. CC participated in the acquisition of data, in the statistical analysis and in the drafting of some parts of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript and agree to be accountable of all aspects of the work.
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Colour: Metallic Silver. 4 Slots.
Designed to withstand the rigours of regular use within a commercial kitchen, this 4 slice toaster from Dualit in metallic silver features award-winning ProHeat elements and extra wide 28mm slots, to fit even the thickest bread, teacakes and sandwiches (using a Dualit sandwich cage, available separately). A mechanical timer allows precise control of toasting and a manually operated ejector lever keeps items warm until required, while a high lift mechanism allows easy and safe removal of small items. This Dualit toaster also features a selector switch meaning only the slots needed are heated, saving energy in quieter periods and allowing for consecutive toasting.
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I have been silent for too long, time taken up by teaching, researching and simply living. I am back ‘on popular demand’ with brief but intense little posts. Out on a regular basis from now on.
One image – an object, a painting, a phrase, something which in a nutshell contains the spirit of fashionarchaeology.com, this is the idea.
The beautiful and exotic young ladies in this photograph grabbed my attention. They represent an ideal – western – of elegance made of fine silk and organza, fit for a soiree in Paris during the Belle époque. Yet they are thousands of kilometres away across land and sea. It doesn’t matter where they come from. They are the product of colonial culture or rather a colonized culture. Their own land subjected to modes and taste from another world. The young ladies do their best to fit in, their western style clothes are fine but not quite right, for example they are not wearing the required waist-clinching corset. Their local tailor has not seen the real thing and is little acquainted with contemporary French fashion magazines to really get the look right.
…Or maybe local tailors had evolved a new form of fashion ‘metissage’, the art of mixing styles and cultures. The final effect is alluring, familiar, yet edgy and suspect. Makes me think of recent work by the intensely talented Wales Bonner, where whole collections are reflections on race, gender, culture and the possibilities of ‘metissage’.
I found the image on the internet, no references. I think you may very well be right!
Like the middle one here. http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2421/3761189063_27814a145a.jpg?v=0 Very stiff and made to stand out from the body.
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Chat with Live Girls. Teen Babes Pics Apr 5, Site: Nov 19, Site: Nubiles has built a name for themselves over the years for finding the hottest new talent at their peak of freshness, no tired old pornstars here.
Tags: You know Adriana in Abby winters Primrose Abby Winters Hairy A lot of you have been searching for hairy girls so here is Primerose from down under.
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Face Reading astrologer is a popular person in Mira and Bhayander who has an excellent knowledge of face reading astrology. Apart from that, face reading astrology is quite a strong method in this world because with the help of this you can know about another person in your life. Along with it, face reading is the combination of earliest astrology and science. Apart from that, face reading is an art which describes your nature and behavior or feeling and about your virtues. Along with it, you also know that when you talk with someone in your life then you can witness that person nature and virtues. Apart from that, this is a magical art with the help you can read someone. But in this process main role plays your face lines which reveal your weakness and feelings or thoughts. Apart from that, face reading is a subjective theory. Along with it, this theory is proved by our science in this world. Along with it, face reading services by astrologer in Mira and Bhayander is another effective way because with the help you can get your problems results fast in your life.
Apart from that, face reading forehead in Mira and Bhayander depicts your way of thinking. Along with it, some masses face these lines have less or some more. Apart from that, when you think deeply in your life then your face lines indicate about your thinking.
Face reading eyes is a part of face reading magical art because with the help of this you can get know about other person life. Now I want to tell you that your eyes and Nose also express a lot about you. Along with it, with the assist of reading other person eyes, you can depict about the thoughts of the other person. Apart from that, when you see that when a white between the lower eyelid and iris then the person is worried and if that white is on upper side then it display that person response fiercely about the circumstance. Apart from that, Lines on the sides of the eye are a signal that the person smiles happily and generally a happy person. Apart from that, our astrologer can Online face reading by photo of someone in Mira and Bhayander because they have much time experience in their field.
Along with it, astrologers provide you face reading astrology online solutions in Mira and Bhayander in your life. Apart from that, he always gives you the solid solution of your problems in your life. Along with it, he provides you several facilities during cure of your problems in your life. First one is that he gives you 101% satisfaction guaranty of your problems in your life. After then, he gives you some remedies and mantras to get rid of your all problems in your life. Along with it, if you want to destroy your all problems in your life for permanently so you will have to utilize of these mantras and remedies with full faith and intention. After then, you can some variation in your life.
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The Art Institute of Portland is pleased to announce that Multnomah County Commissioner Jules Bailey, a Portland native, will serve as the school’s commencement speaker on June 17, 2016.
As a County Commissioner, Bailey has been an advocate for Portland's most vulnerable residents, working on housing and homelessness, crisis mental health services, and public safety reform. He was elected to represent District 1 in 2014. A champion for equity, Bailey addresses radical disparities, racial injustices, gender discrimination, the lack of family-friendly services, and the wage gap. He also has continued his work on LGBTQ equality, especially in health care equity for the transgender community.
Bailey was part of the first-ever bill to bring all Oregon tax credits up for review. He gathered bipartisan support to help thousands of homeowners to upgrade their homes for comfort and energy efficiency. Bailey also supported the High Performance Schools bill, which helped Oregon schools to modernize their buildings and reduce costs.
Bailey’s goals include cutting costs and saving the county money. He is also working on solutions to poverty, homelessness, and mental illness, and for healthy communities, better schools, and safer streets.
Prior to his election as County Commissioner, Bailey was elected to three terms as a State Representative from Oregon House District 42.
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Are you attending F+L Week 2017 at the Four Seasons Hotel, Singapore from 7-10 March? Vicky Villena-Denton, CEO and Editor-in-Chief of F&L Asia, the major industry publisher that hosts the popular industry conference, is set to unveil the ALMU to conference participants at the Appreciation Dinner, on 9 March.
Representatives from many of the leading lubricant companies from the Asia-Pacific region, and indeed the world, attend the popular industry conference. Independents, national and major oil companies are all represented. "I can’t think of a better time to outline the ALMU’s plans, and hopefully begin to persuade you to support us and to help shape the advancement of this organisation" says Villena-Denton.
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I am in the Chaguaramas Harbor and inside the boat yard called - Powerboats -, there must be about 4-5 major areas here, they are all within the Chaguaramas Park, or land owned or ran by the government of the country of Trinidad and Tobago.
I am on the boat by the name of - Odessa- Captain name of Bill.
This is a map of the lower part of the Caribbean and the Island Country of Trinidad and Tobago. I have hitched a more or less free ride on a 65-foot MacGregor sailboat with a Canadian Captain by the name of Bill. Craig has opted to come along, so presently there are four of us on the boat and I think we have room to add a few women crew, if we can find any? Life is good, my guess is Bill likes to have some company and this boat is long and fast, however anyway you do it, there is many small things and many small spaces.
We will travel north hopefully on Sunday or Monday for the Island Country of Grenada, it is about a 14-hour boat trip and about 90-120 mile north of Chaguaramas. There are maybe different types of miles, kilometers or distances for the Ocean; I think it will be measured in Nautical miles.
Nautical Mile, since 1959, an internationally agreed-on standard equaling the average length of one minute of arc on a great circle of the earth, or 1852 m (6076 ft).
It seems roughly about 250 feet longer for a nautical mile, I will learn more about navigation on the boat, however I am understand this to be referencing longitude and latitudes.
This is a map of Trinidad with the explanation more or less, where the Harbor of Chaguaramas is located. It is about a 15-minute ride in a Maxi-van from the Ferry of the Port of Spain, the cost is 5 TT or about one-dollars USA, we paid 30 for a taxi for two person to come here, however I think it was too much. It is a very easy trip here in a max-van, this is just a normal van size bus, and a combi maybe called in many places.
Closer map of the Chaguaramas Harbor, this area is protected from the Hurricanes better, therefore I believe presently many boats harbor here for this reason, plus there are many facilities for repair, the cost must be cheaper also. My guess there are sort of jump points for boat, they start from various locations after a longer jaunt. Maybe they leave from Colon Panama for Cartagena Colombia, then off from Cartagena to Venezuela or Trinidad and Tobago. To crew or jump on a boat a person needs it appears to get on a very large boat and to find the jump-start points. This is a natural jump off point from Venezuela and you can take a Ferry from Venezuela to Trinidad very easily.
This is the inside of the 65 Foot MacGregor Boat, not very clean, I spent about 5 hours yesterday cleaning the inside, my guess is Jakob is not very clean. His spaghetti he could the night before is still spread out all over the place; he is only 18, full of energy and about aware of the world surroundings as any 18 year old. He has been on the boat he said for about one and a half months, the boat has been here for about one month so he has been on land a lot. I believe in reality most boat are on the hook or at a harbor more than sailing, it would be unreasonable to sail constantly.
This is the 65-Foot MacGregor boat, up on jacks or supports; it is very long and narrow and supposed to be some type of racing boat. It is not wide; therefore, a little short on cabin space compared to other 65-foot boats. The keel or bottom rudder is very long and this makes it more difficult to enter some harbors.
This crane or cradle will lift the boat in a couple of days and put the boat into the water. NOTICE the height of the boat above the others, we are high in comparison to the others, we climb a steel ladder to enter the boat. Bill must pay a daily PER FOOT OF BOAT fee to have it on shore.
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BAY COUNTY, Fla. - If you are looking for a part time job with flexible hours after Hurricane Michael there's an option for you.
Bay District is in need of more substitute teachers. District officials said they are short about 100 substitutes after the storm. Usually they have more than 300. This shortage is causing stress on teachers who fall ill or need to tend to their homes after the storm.
To help applicants, the district will waive finger prints and training fees beginning February 25, for the rest of the school year. Those fees usually cost applicants close to $100.
To become a substitute, you must have at least a high school diploma, pass a background check and complete an online training course. The pay is $10-12 depending on degree. Substitutes can choose which days they work and what grades and schools they prefer.
"People are still recovering from the hurricane, and often times people who are becoming substitutes aren't employed right now and so being able to start working right away really helps someone other than trying to come up with $100 to get started," said human resources executive director Shirley Baker.
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Singapore Brain Centre’s testing can address any hyperactivity disorder. Their training programs regularly produce multi-years gains in critical skills. Such gains make a tremendous change for Hyperactivity Disorder.
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Jaguar left as much of the original 1968 Series 1.5 E-Type in tact as possible while replacing the original inline-six engine with an electric motor and battery pack. Enough power is sent to the rear wheels to push this feline from 0-62 in just 5.5 seconds. That means it's quicker now than it was when new and chugging on gasoline.
The E-Type Zero's range of 170 miles is way more than enough to whisk the happy couple away from Windsor Castle to Frogmore House on the Windsor Estate, where Harry's father, the Prince of Wales, is hosting their wedding reception. But if it were to run out of juice, its 40kWh battery can be recharged in under 7 hours.
Want one of your own? The Daily Mail says it'll cost £350,000 (that's over $470,000 here in the States). Just don't expect a customized license plate to match the date of your wedding.
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Whoa, can’t believe I haven’t blogged since May!
Lots have happened since then, the biggest news is my 4-year old went to his first day of pre-k this week!
Hooray, so proud of him.
The reason I felt compelled to blog was that I wanted to share this great book called “The Power of When” by Dr. Michael Breus.
I’ll do a write up of the book soon.
When you have ADHD, your mind is a mile a minute. You always have a bunch of stuff you want to do.
You should only do one thing at a time.
At the beginning of the day, and you are trying to figure out what to do. Prioritized tasks or projects already started that has to do with your one thing.
Finish those that are almost done.
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Friends is one thing - one of the other VSOs I met at that time now lives and works in Sierra leone so it really had an impact on al of us. i also remember trying to teach Shakespeare and get myself understoood - quite a challenge to get Julius Caesa over in a class of over 60 students.
It's what I've done ever since. I went back to Sierra Leone in 2015 after Ebola as DFID's senor education adviser.
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The process of curriculum development is facing serious issues in Afghanistan . These issues are interference of bureaucrats, the absence of involvement of school and university teachers/lecturers etc.
Experts sitting in curriculum development boards in MOE (Ministry of Education ) do not use academic resources properly for revising outdated sections of school textbooks. They should seek professional expertise and I'm sure they will offer innovative solutions for meeting the needs of curriculum development in Afghanistan.
Someone might have a question that what is curriculum? I would say that while thinking about education, the most important idea that comes to mind is curriculum. Curriculum is a channel that school/university administrations need for giving educational and life skills to students.
However, unluckily, in Afghanistan's context, this idea is highly misunderstood due to which students do not get enriched educational experience in schools/universities.
Curriculum does not change in Afghanistan. Process of curriculum development in Afghanistan, I would say that curriculum is not a static process, but it is a dynamic exercise that must undergo changes according to our society ’s new demands.
Firstly, the curriculum is outdated, which does not meet the local needs of Afghanistan society. The curriculum problems, notes that our present generation is learning the same knowledge that previous two/or may be three generations have learnt.
As students from different parts of the world get difficult mathematical and scientific knowledge by activity-based learning, our students are forced to know scientific concepts through cramming.
For example, in school textbooks there are many scientific and factual mistakes. It is sad situation that experts designing school textbooks of sciences/mathematics at secondary level do not pay attention to the concept of scientific and factual correctly.
Secondly, the involvement of government officers in the development of Afghani curriculum is proving harmful to our education system.
Someone could suggest that the current process of curriculum development is based on a uniform policy for the whole country that has its particular aims and goals, but I think that it is not possible to apply national educational policy to different regions of the country with equality.
For example, there are many underdeveloped areas of Afghanistan, where parents do not have adequate resources to send their children to schools. The drop-out rate from schools is high, because parents cannot afford the expense of education easily.
Hence, a new educational policy has to be made by government officers for poor students, so that their problems of education can be solved.
One way of doing this is to build schools, where students are allowed to study in evening time, and where books having basic knowledge about core subjects such as English, Mathematics, Science, Pashto , Dari and Islam as well as comparative studies are taught by trained teachers.
Thirdly, the problem that the process of curriculum development faces in Afghanistan is improper academic research for writing school textbooks. We can point out those experts sitting in the curriculum development boards use materials of their own choice for instruction in schools.
I must say that most of the times the chosen content is not up to the mark. This should go through textbooks approved by a board system in the country, it becomes clear that no suitable research/evaluation system is created to revise curriculum.
Fourthly, it is seen that the academic experience of teachers from different schools is also not considered in designing and revising school curriculum. Daniel Tanner and Laurel N. Tanner in their book, “Curriculum Development: Theory into Practice,” suggest that without intelligent participation of school teachers, meaningful curriculum development will not be achieved.
Tanner and Tanner say that teachers, who are involved in bringing out educational change, accept and adopt the new ideas more quickly than those teachers who are not involved in carrying out change.
Useful evidence suggests that in countries where well-educated teachers were not involved in the curriculum development process, they did not accept new changes in school textbooks.
With lack of academic skills in researchers responsible for designing curriculum for schools, the most important feature of curriculum, i.e. content suffers a lot. Students follow rote-learning process, because the content of their books does not match to their educational skills.
In order to make students problem-solvers, I would argue that our books must contain questions that relate to problems we face in our daily life. By answering those questions, students will learn to solve issues in difficult situations.
For example, while studying the concept of speed in science, students must be given questions related to real-life examples of speed such as speed of a car etc., so that they know the application of the concept.
MOE (Ministry of Education) must contribute to solve curriculum problems in our country Afghanistan. MOE should have developed a curriculum that provides activity-based learning to students and gives problem-solving skills to them.
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1. Does this relationship bring out the best in me?
Do you feel like the best version of yourself, or a less-than-stellar version of yourself? The right person should encourage you, support you, and feel a shared happiness when you reach a new goal or simply evolve more on your life path.
If the person drags you down, brings out negative emotions in you, or just doesn’t fulfill your needs and desires, you really need to stop and ask yourself where things are headed between the two of you, and if you would be better off flying solo for a while.
2. Do I feel happy or upset the majority of the time?
Of course, no relationship comes without some trials and tribulations, and oftentimes the struggles that people face together make their relationship stronger. However, the dark clouds shouldn’t totally mask the sun – meaning that you should still feel overall happiness in the relationship, even when life throws you a curve ball. According to Mark D. White, Ph.D., you should never stay in a relationship just because you feel you “should” out of a sense of obligation – if you don’t feel happy, you have every right and responsibility, actually, to disclose your feelings to your partner.
“No relationship is terrific at every moment; one reason commitment is so valuable is that it carries us through the less-than-terrific times. It’s when the less-than-terrific times become the norm, and you don’t anticipate any terrific ones in the near future, that you naturally (and justifiably) start to think of alternatives. Commitment can carry the weight of keeping a relationship together once in a while, but it can’t do the job on an ongoing basis—there has to be something of value to a relationship itself to support the partners’ commitment to it,” says White.
3. Am I having to sacrifice more than I should for the relationship?
A relationship should never feel like a burden in your life; if it does, you need to question what they’re bringing to the table, and how much you have to sacrifice in order to make the relationship work. You can only give so much in a relationship before you feel taken advantage of and neglected, so you really need to ask yourself if you feel satisfied in the relationship or not.
If the other person doesn’t pull their own weight and make you feel special and wanted, you should probably go your separate ways.
4. Do we share the same passions and goals for our future?
In any committed relationship, talk of the future will inevitably come up at some point. In most cases, two people going in completely opposite directions won’t have much of a chance at keeping the flame alive way down the road, so you need to ask yourself this question early on.
Two people can absolutely have different goals in life, but if you feel that your visions for the future just don’t mesh well together, you might need to wait it out for someone who shares more of your own passions.
5. Are we fighting more than we’re laughing?
Relationships shouldn’t feel like a chore or dreadful part of your life; they should inspire you, uplift you, and just make you feel alive in general. Disagreements will occur in any relationship, but if you spend the majority of your time arguing rather than enjoying life in one another’s presence, this should be a red flag for you.
Keep the company of those who ignite the light within your soul, not those who put a damper on your spirit.
6. Do we make time for one another?
All of us have many obligations in the modern world, and life can get pretty hectic from time to time. However, no responsibility should take precedence over the love you have for one another. People either make time, or excuses, so if it seems that your partner often makes the latter, do you really want to continue the relationship feeling like you’re constantly put on the back burner?
7. Do I really love him/her, or just the person I want them to be?
Oftentimes, we convince ourselves that people will change as long as we give them time and support, but honestly, people will only change if they truly want to. Plus, if you can’t love the person as they are right now, will you really love them at some point in the future once other conditions have been met?
If you can’t say with certainty that you really love them, you owe it to your partner to tell them the truth – it might hurt, but the pain of staying in a false relationship is far greater – for both of you.
8. Would I regret it later if I didn’t end the relationship today?
Five years from now, would you look back and wish you had moved on from the relationship? Living with regrets will always leave a deeper wound than getting out of an unfulfilling relationship, even if that means you have to be single for a while. Stay true to your heart, and never stay in a relationship just because it feels comfortable, or because you feel like you’d be letting the other person down.
9. Do they add value to my life?
Do they truly enhance your life, adding color and vibrancy, or make you feel drained and uninspired? If you start seeing everything in black and white once you’re with them, is the relationship really worth sacrificing your happiness for?
10. Would my life be better without them in the picture?
This is really the million dollar question – what would your life look like without them around? If you imagine yourself as a happier, freer, more peaceful person, you need to sit down with your partner and come clean about your feelings. Breakups can cause a temporary upheaval and emotional tidal wave in your life, but you will feel much better following your heart and cleansing your life of any negativity.
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A traditional Japanese sword school located in Miami Florida.
Kendo is a modern Japanese martial art which descended from traditional swordsmanship.
Batto Do means the way of drawing & cutting with a sword in a single motion. Training is for combative effectiveness, through factors such as distancing, timing & targeting.
In Kendo, defeating your opponent should not be obtained by ruthlessly over powering your opponent or by actions of trickery or anger towards them. Winning using these things will only create feelings of anger, revenge and unhappiness, however winning by true virtue (Toku) is truly winning. Your opponent will thank you when being defeated by you in this fashion and in the end, you will gain the respect from your opponent for these qualities you uphold during your exchange.
Therefore we use Virtue (Toku 徳) for the Dojo’s first kanji, and for the second kanji we use ( Bu 武) as in Budo (Martial Art). The last kanji is ( Kan 館) as in group.
(徳武館) Tokubukan has a deep meaning and is giving us a goal to strive for every day we train.
“The sword and the mind (soul) are one. If the mind is right, the sword is right. If the mind is not right, the sword also cannot be right. The person who wishes to study the sword must first study their mind”.
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The Fujitsu Ladies 2016 of Japan LPGA tour was held from October 14 to 16, at the Tokyu Seven Hundred Club in Chiba. The top 5 players of the prize money ranking didn’t take part in the tournament, Bo-Mee Lee, Ai Suzuki, Ha-Neul Kim and Jiyai Shin. So there was a good opportunity of the first victory for the young players. In the top 5 players of the prize money ranking, Ritsuko Ryu only took part in this tournament.
In the first round, Ryu shot a 67 so she took the first place. Kotone Hori also played 67 and they are lined up in the first place. Ryu has won already twice in this season and her prize money was already more than 1 billion yen. Ryu showed her ability in the first round.
Ryu and Hori also shot a 68 in the second round. So thier score was 9 under, they are lined up in the first place again. Hori was defeated by Nasa Hataoka of an amateur golfer in the Japan Women’s Open Golf Championship. Hori’s stats was the 2nd place in the tournament but she has maintained a good condition. In other player, Ayaka Matsumori played 64 and it was the best score in the second round. Matsumori took the 3rd place and she was 1 stroke behind Ryu and Hori.
Ryu, Hori and Matsumori were same pairing in the final round. But Ryu and Hori made the bad score, Ryu was the card of 73, Hori was the card of 74, However Matsumori had her own way, she shot a 68. So she won the Fujitsu Ladies 2016. Her score was 12 under and it was the first time for her to win the Japan LPGA tour tournament. Ryu was the second place and 4 strokes behind Matsumori. Hori was the third place finally.
Ayaka Matsumori ’s biography is that she’s the age of 22 and she was born at Tokyo. She began playing golf from 4 years old in order to the influence of her grandfather. She passed to the test of the Japan LPGA in 2013 and had been played in the tournament. In 2015 season, Matsumori took the 41th place in the prize money ranking so she was seeded in 2016 season. She continued the steady play and failed a cut lose only 3 times in this year.
Why did Ayaka Matsumori win the tournament? She is 5 feet 8 inches tall（170 cm), so she has a high stature in Japanese women. But her weight was light, she was like a good style model. Then she continued the life of 5 times meals in a day in off season and increased the weight of 5 kg. Thanks to that, her swing was stable in 2016 season and She became a strong and beautiful golfer.
in addition, her caddy was John Bennett of the professional caddy. Bennett was a caddy of Sakura Yokomine until last year, so Yokomine got the prize money queen for 2009. In this tournament, Matsumori missed the shot several times. But Bennett told her to “Patience” in this times so she was able to play without having to run out the concentration. For win to this tournament, Matsumori took the 16th place in the prize money ranking.
This youtube’s video is the swing of Matsumori. She wants to play in the US LPGA tour in the future.
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Rates include: Taxes and service fee, Unlimited mileage, Full insurance coverage, European road assistance. Please note: Baby seat/s can be fitted in this vehicles.
Baby seats must be fitted on a 3 points seatbelt seat.
Monday - Friday: Pick ups must be made between 3 PM - 5 PM and drop offs must be made between 10 AM - 11 AM.
Collections or returns out of these times or on Saturdays are possible by prior arrangement with the supplier only. This will incur an additional charge.
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... l'été est aussi bien. Is the use of "bien" correct here? I tried "beau" and it was rejected.
French writing exercise "I prefer going skiing"
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Originally from Rogers, Texas, Greg has been in the Brazos Valley for four years. He lives with two roommates and loves to spend his free time outdoors fishing, hunting, or playing pretty much any sport.
Since moving here, Greg has found himself drawn to student ministry. He finds great joy in the opportunity to influence the lives of students, and most loves seeing their lives change in response to God’s work in their lives.
Love God and love people. If you can do these two things then everything else will follow.
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I shall be there but don’t know how?
Who will not his companion to remain always in sight?
If people take the film and screen it whenever possible for their social and professional networks, we can continue to make a difference. It is one more element we have to use in the ongoing effort to take back our country.
Whenever we needed you- always there.
Who helps your burdens bear.
True friends brave weather, bad and fair.
Whenever possible, they will be there.
And join you in you’re high.
And there to calm you when you’re mad.
They will not carry on and on.
True friends will listen for however long.
They will your enemy fend.
These are the marks of a true friend.
opined: isnt it a cursed realm?
while tiny shadows fall in the afternoon.
while we love each other past all feelings.
on your soft firm breast that are fragile to touch.
a kind of indescribable joy that comes with bliss.
And I dont, I dont need to..
What do you want? you know it! what do you want then?
I tell you what I want! I tell you what I need!!
I dont need no heaven!!!
I need thunder and lightning, dont need no heaven!!!!!!!!!
And i don't, i don't need to..
I don't need no heaven!!!
I need thunder and lightning, don't need no heaven!!!!!!!!!
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DVXuser.com -- The online community for filmmaking > OTHER CAMERAS > Other Other Cameras > HDR-HC1 - PAL or NTSC?
View Full Version : HDR-HC1 - PAL or NTSC?
So, although I've been hoping to get a DVX for a long time now, I'm just not able to afford it. So I've decided to go with the Sony HDR-HC1 for now. But I'm wondering if I should go with the standard NTSC model, as I'm in the US, or if I would be better off going with the HC1E (PAL) model, specifically for the 25fps, which would be much closer to the coveted 24fps. If anyone has any insight on this, I'd greatly appreciate it.
Anyone? I'm thinking I might as well go with the PAL version, because I'll be using the vast majority of the video I shoot for computer only viewing. Would converting HDV PAL footage to a DVD NTSC format be much of a hassle?
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The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope is a large oil-on-canvas painting created by Henri Rousseau in 1905.
What is The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope?
Following Scouts Attacked by a Tiger the previous year, The Hungry Lion was the second jungle painting to mark Rousseau’s return to this genre after a 10-year hiatus caused by the generally negative reception to his 1891 painting, Tiger in a Tropical Storm.
Text: Wikipedia contributors. “The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 3 Jul. 2017. Web. 20 Aug. 2017. & Wikipedia contributors. “Henri Rousseau.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 22 Jul. 2017. Web. 20 Aug. 2017.
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Thanks to Gold Survival Guide @goldsurvival www.goldsurvivalguide.co.nz for sharing the article below… good to know who’s really funding NZ!
Michael Woodhouse:Which groups now pay most of the tax collected by the Government?
I asked the Minister’s office for the data that answer was based on, and the table below sets it out.
This data deserves a wider audience. The gross transfers includes Working for Families, Accommodation Supplement, and other benefits. It does not include NZ Superannuation . I suspect if you included that it would be even more dramatic.
It tells us that overall households with income of $50,000 or below pay no net tax at all. Not only do they pay no net tax, they receive around $4.40 in benefits for every $1 of tax they pay. So they pay $1.7b in tax and receive $7.7b in welfare (and this excludes superannuation).
So that is 44% of households are net tax recipients. Now let us look at the households with income of over $150,000. We don’t know if this is one person earning say $150,000 or two people earning say $ 75,000 each but we do know it includes everyone earning at least $150,000.
So 10% of households have an income of $150,000 or greater. And those 10% fund 71% of net taxation. If we go slightly further down to households with an income of $120,000 or greater – which is 17% of households.
Those 17% of households are paying 97% of net taxation.
So the next time someone talks to you about fairness and tax, use the table above.
10% of households pay 71% of net (income) taxation and 17% pay 97% of net (income) taxation.
It is important that every New Zealander is aware of some basic facts that go to make up New Zealand’s taxation payment balance sheet. It is not a matter of whether we are to the left, centre or right of the political spectrum. Politicians have an uncanny ability to speak in generalisations, pandering to the lowest emotions and promising what cannot be given. That applies across the whole political spectrum.
Hopefully the attached will at least give you something to ponder over, and to use, when next the subject of who pays for what comes up.
This entry was posted in All, Financial IQ and tagged business, Business advice, Business blogs, business coach, business coaching, business mentor, Business mentoring, business owners, Business partnerships, Exit strategies, presentations, Small business, Starting a business. Bookmark the permalink.
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Endlessly Inspired: Can I Unpack Yet?!?
Yay we moved again and are finally rid of those crazy neighbours!! Actually, we moved last month but the process of getting away from those people has been overwhelming and unnerving. For more of a back story check out this post on why we moved twice in just a few months. On a brighter note, the new house is great with lots of potential, but also needs work to make it ours.
Due to budget constraints from the landlord many of the rooms are the same Swiss Coffee colour, which really isn't a big deal because the rooms are now much fresher and cleaner! I'm actually looking forward to unpacking and organizing and I have lots of ideas for furniture arrangement and art work! We are still kind of stumped on how to arrange everything, especially the the living room...but that's for another post. I'll keep you posted. I said post too many times.
What's the first thing YOU unpack when you move? Food, clothes, dishes, the TV...I want to know!
the BED, make it first, so when the long tireing day is done your bed is all ready for you to pass out !!!
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Who doesn’t love saving money? Here are my top 3 money saving apps that I love to use. Actually, these are the only ones I use. There are many apps out there but I’ve found that these are the easiest and quickest ones. These are definitely no hassle apps.
First up is ibotta. This is my #1 choice out of the three. I started using ibotta last year and I absolutely love it!
Here’s how it works. Simply sign up here and download the Apple or Android app for your phone. There are three ways to earn cash back.
By sending picture of receipt – Open the app, find offers for products, go shopping at the participating stores, open the app and click redeem offers, take photo of your receipt, match the items you bought with the receipt and within 48 hours the cash back will be deposited into your ibotta account.
Link a loyalty card – Choose one of their preferred partners and connect your loyalty card or phone number, before you shop add offers, use your loyalty card when you go shopping and within 48 hours the cash back will be deposited into your ibotta account.
Mobile in-app purchases – Browse the app for offers, when ready to shop click the shop button in the ibotta app, make a qualifying purchase through the app and you’ll receive a confirmation once your offer is pending cash back.
There are several reasons I love using this app. First you can still use manufacture coupons in the store to save even more or promo codes when making a mobile in-app purchase. Also, there are monthly bonuses if you reach certain levels or buy from some of their featured products lists. You can also link together with your facebook friends for teamwork bonuses.
Getting your cash back is easy. Once your ibotta account reaches $20 or more you can withdraw your cash via PayPal or Venmo or use it to buy a gift card from over 20 retailers including Walmart and Amazon.
Sign up with ibotta today and they will give you a $10 welcome bonus just for signing up.
Second is the Walmart Savings Catcher app. It’s been around for a while but if you haven’t tried it yet you should!! I put if off and really regret not doing it sooner.
Download the Walmart Savings Catcher app for Android or iPhone.
Submit your receipt to Savings Catcher in any one of two ways. Enter the receipt number (the TC number) into Savings Catcher at savingscatcher.walmart.com or in the Walmart Android or iPhone app. You’ll find this number located near the bottom of your printed Walmart store receipt or, scan the code at the bottom of your printed store receipt, using the scanner in the Savings Catcher section of the Walmart app.
Savings Catcher compares the prices of the eligible items you bought at Walmart to the advertised prices found in the print and online versions of the weekly ads of top retailers in your area. The ads must be valid at the time you made your Walmart purchase.
If Savings Catcher finds an advertised price that is lower than what you paid for the same exact item at Walmart, you’ll get back the difference in the form of Savings Catcher Reward Dollars, which can be redeemed for a Walmart Rewards eGift Card or Walmart Buck$ added to your Bluebird by American Express Card, which can be used to make purchases exclusively in-store at Walmart or online at Walmart.com.
This app is the easiest to use and it takes almost no extra effort when shopping!
The third and final app I use is ebates. With the holidays coming up and how easy it is to shop online you’d be crazy not to sign up with ebates.com to earn cash back at your favorite retailers. Here’s how this one works.
Before you make any online purchases log into your ebates.com account and shop through their link.
Get a check mailed to you or have the money deposited directly into your PayPal account.
I love the ease of the one as well and with over 1,800 retailers there is always cash back to be earned when shopping online. Sign up today at ebates.com and you will receive a $10 cash bonus.
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KsFiberNet is a mission-driven company made up of 29 independent telephone companies that aim to meet the communication needs of Kansans. By creating a communication network that crisscrosses the state, we connect these companies to the larger telephone companies and the world.
Our partner companies are instrumental in helping us fulfill our mission of connecting Kansas communities to the world.
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A class providing static methods and objects that do useful things with type-specific maps.
An immutable class representing a type-specific singleton map.
A synchronized wrapper class for maps.
An unmodifiable wrapper class for maps.
An empty type-specific map (immutable).
Returns an empty map (immutable).
Iterates quickly, if possible, on the entry set of the provided map.
Returns an iterable yielding an iterator that will be fast, if possible, on the entry set of the provided map.
Returns an iterator that will be fast, if possible, on the entry set of the provided map.
Returns a type-specific immutable map containing only the specified pair.
Returns a synchronized type-specific map backed by the given type-specific map.
Returns a synchronized type-specific map backed by the given type-specific map, using an assigned object to synchronize.
Returns an unmodifiable type-specific map backed by the given type-specific map.
An empty type-specific map (immutable). It is serializable and cloneable.
map - a map from which we will try to extract a (fast) iterator on the entry set.
an iterator on the entry set of the given map that will be fast, if possible.
map - a map on which we will try to iterate quickly.
consumer - the consumer that will be passed to Int2ReferenceMap.FastEntrySet.fastForEach(Consumer), if possible, or to Iterable.forEach(Consumer).
map - a map from which we will try to extract an iterable yielding a (fast) iterator on the entry set.
an iterable yielding an iterator on the entry set of the given map that will be fast, if possible.
Returns an empty map (immutable). It is serializable and cloneable.
This method provides a typesafe access to EMPTY_MAP.
Returns a type-specific immutable map containing only the specified pair. The returned map is serializable and cloneable.
Note that albeit the returned map is immutable, its default return value may be changed.
key - the only key of the returned map.
value - the only value of the returned map.
a type-specific immutable map containing just the pair <key,value>.
m - the map to be wrapped in a synchronized map.
a synchronized view of the specified map.
sync - an object that will be used to synchronize the access to the map.
m - the map to be wrapped in an unmodifiable map.
an unmodifiable view of the specified map.
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0.000674 |
Neocortico-thalamo-cortical loops represent a common, yet poorly understood, circuit employing giant synapses also referred to as “class I”, giant, or driver synapses. Here, we characterize a giant synapse formed by projection neurons of the paleocortical piriform cortex (PIR) onto neurons of the mediodorsal thalamus (MD). Three-dimensional (3D) ultrastructure of labeled PIR-MD terminals, obtained by using serial-section scanning electron microscopy (EM) combined with photooxidation-based detection of labeled terminals, revealed a large terminal engulfing multiple postsynaptic dendritic excrescences. The terminal contained multiple synaptic contacts, a high density of synaptic vesicles and several central mitochondria. Using targeted stimulations of single identified PIR-MD terminals in combination with patch-clamp recordings from the connected MD neuron, we found large postsynaptic currents with fast kinetics and strong short-term depression, yet fast recovery upon repetitive stimulation. We conclude that the phylogenetically old paleocortex already developed giant synaptic connections exhibiting similar functional properties as connections formed by giant neocortico-thalamic projections.
Cortico-thalamo-cortical loops operating giant synaptic connections between cortex and thalamus are a characteristic feature of primary sensory cortices and have also been described for associative cortices (Sherman and Guillery, 2006, 2011). While their systemic function remains elusive, these giant synapses have been first reported in electron microscopic studies (Hoogland et al., 1991; Kuroda and Price, 1991). Thalamic giant synapses originating from neocortical areas have been characterized functionally (Turner and Salt, 1998; Li et al., 2003; Reichova and Sherman, 2004; Groh et al., 2008; Seol and Kuner, 2015), while the same synapse type originating from the phylogenetically older paleocortex have not yet been investigated on the level of single identified synaptic connections. Here, we address the question if these, in the phylogenetical context, first giant synaptic connections between piriform cortex (PIR) and mediodorsal thalamus (MD) share similar features with giant synapses formed by neocortical areas. Furthermore, this connection could be relevant for higher cortical processing of olfactory information (Slotnick and Risser, 1990; Kuroda and Price, 1991; Plailly et al., 2008), yet, the role of PIR-MD giant synapses in the olfactory circuit is currently not understood (reviewed in Courtiol and Wilson, 2015).
In general, axonal projections reaching the thalamus may terminate as one of two classes of thalamic synapses: “class I” or “class II” (Sherman and Guillery, 2006). “Class I” synapses convey the principal information and represent the neurons receptive field (Sherman and Guillery, 2011). “Class II” synapses influence the neurons input-output function to “class I” inputs (Sherman and Guillery, 2011). They do so by shifting the resting membrane potential and thus changing the availability of T-Type low-threshold activated calcium-channels (Mease et al., 2014). This IT current can be triggered by synaptic inputs, if the neuron is relatively hyperpolarized. On top of the depolarization lasting up to hundreds of milliseconds, also referred to as the low threshold calcium spike, ride multiple high frequency action potentials (APs)—the burst, while at more depolarized potentials, the neuron usually responds to individual synaptic inputs with only a single AP—the tonic mode (Llinás and Jahnsen, 1982).
Neurons in the deep layers of the PIR (reviewed in Courtiol and Wilson, 2015) have been found to form glutamatergic synapses consisting of both RL-type (round vesicles, large) and RS-type (round vesicles, small) boutons as determined with electron microscopy (EM; Kuroda and Price, 1991; Kuroda et al., 1992). RL-type boutons are the ultrastructural correlate of “class I” synapses, while RS-types correspond to “class II” synapses. The functional properties of PIR-MD RL-type boutons have not yet been revealed, yet, are crucial to know with regard to their potential physiological roles. While RL-type profiles in MD have been described by Kuroda and Price (1991) in single representative ultrathin sections, a three-dimensional (3D) morphology description of corticothalamic giant synapses has only been shown for a RL-type synapse connecting cortical layer 5b neurons of the somatosensory cortex with relay neurons of the posteromedial nucleus (POm; Hoogland et al., 1991). These boutons are characterized by a large diameter (>2 μm), multiple synaptic contacts, multiple mitochondria, round synaptic vesicles, and sometimes multivesicular bodies. On the dendritic side invaginations, i.e., excrescences, are a characteristic hallmark. These Lb5-POm RL-type boutons have been characterized by targeted stimulation of identified terminals (Groh et al., 2008; Seol and Kuner, 2015). They exhibit large excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSC) and utilize mainly AMPA receptor GluA4 subunits to mediate the fast component of the EPSC (Seol and Kuner, 2015). The synapse exhibits a strong use-dependent depression that may act as a functional switch between a driver and coincidence detector mode of function (Groh et al., 2008). A fully recovered synapse may evoke postsynaptic APs, while during a stimulus train, mimicking in vivo activity, only two precisely co-occurring inputs sum to suprathreshold levels. Thus, knowing the properties of and potential differences between different cortico-thalamic synapses will be crucial to understand their specific contributions to the function of cortico-thalamo-cortical loops.
We here validated the hypothesis that a proportion of PIR-MD synapses are functionally “class I” synapses by recording single synaptically evoked EPSCs in an acute brain slice preparation. To this end, we utilized gene transfer via adenoassociated viruses (AAV) to heterologously express a synaptophysin-eGFP fusion protein in neurons of the PIR. The tagged vesicular synaptophysin enabled us to identify PIR-synapses within the MD. Via a juxtaposed double-barrel stimulation-electrode we evoked presynaptic transmitter release in a repetitive stimulation paradigm from identified PIR-MD giant synapses. Furthermore, we used the photooxidation method (Horstmann et al., 2013) to identify and reconstruct electron microscopic 3D models of PIR synapses. According to the classification criteria proposed by Sherman and Guillery (2006), a proportion of PIR-MD synapses fulfills the requirements in all measured parameters to be classified as “class I” synapses. We found large EPSC amplitudes, fast short-term depression and rapid recovery from depression in recordings from individually stimulated PIR-MD synapses.
Wild-type (C57Bl/6N) mice were housed in individually ventilated cages under defined housing conditions (12 h-12 h day-night cycle, 55 ± 5% humidity and ad libitum access to food and water) with their mother until the final experiment was done. The animals reached a maximum age of P48. All experiments were conducted in accordance with the German animal welfare guidelines and were approved by the responsible authority (Regierungspräsidium Karlsruhe).
All used constructs have been described previously (Wimmer et al., 2004; Horstmann et al., 2013). The cDNA of the synaptically enriched vesicular synaptophysin protein was fused with eGFP or two copies of pHluorin (Miesenböck et al., 1998), respectively. The fusion proteins were subcloned into the pAM vector backbone, consisting of the 1.1 kb long joint cytomegalovirus enhancer sequence and chicken β-actin promoter, the woodchuck post-transcriptional regulatory element and the bovine growth hormone polyA signal. Recombinant AAV chimeric particles (helper plasmids for AAV1 and AAV2 capsids at 1:1 ratio) were extracted from human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells 3 days after transfection via the calcium phosphate precipitation (During et al., 2003; Grimm et al., 2003). The virus particles were purified from the lysate via a heparin-agarose Typ I column (Cat. No: 7321010, Biorad, Hercules, CA, USA).
Stereotaxic procedures have been described previously (Wimmer et al., 2004; Groh et al., 2008; Seol and Kuner, 2015). In brief: young mice (P 14) received an initial anesthesia with 5% isoflurane in O2 carrier gas, while it was maintained with 1.5% isoflurane. To ensure analgesia after the surgery, mice were subcutaneously injected with Carprofen (10 mg/kg body weight, product name: Rimadyl, Pfizer, Berlin, Germany), preheated to 37°C. The animals head was fixed in a stereotaxic alignment system (David Kopf Instruments, Tujunga, CA, USA). Upon leveling, craniectomies were performed with a dental drill (EXL-40, Osada, Los Angeles, CA, USA). The virus particles were injected into the right PIR at the following x, y, z coordinates in mm from Bregma: (1) 3.3, 2.3, −4.7; (2) 3.7, 2.1, 4.7; (3) 4.1, 1.9, 4.7–5.0; (4) 4.5, 1.7, 5.0; (5) 4.9, 1.5, 4.8–5.1; (6) 5.0, 1.1, 4.8–5.1; (7) 5.1, 0.7, 4.8–5.1 (where the z-axis is angled by 27° parallel to the mediolateral axis; the z-coordinates ranges are the beginning and end of a trajectory). A total of 138 nL was injected using the Nanoject II (Drummond Scientific Company, Broomall, PA, USA). The injection volume typically covered the deep layer III and endopiriform cortex. The layer II neurons are partially included at a variable degree. The injection volume may at times also extend across the borders to the olfactory tubercle and agranular insular cortex. Along the anterior-posterior axis the injections ranged from the anterior pole of the PIR to a site situated 0.7 mm anterior of Bregma. During the initial two post-surgery days, analgesia was maintained with additional, daily Carprofen injections.
Photooxidation-mediated specific labeling of GFP-expressing neurons for EM was done as described by Horstmann et al. (2013). Briefly, perfusion-fixed (4% PFA) brain slices from animals injected with AAV-synaptophysin-2-pHluorin were cut at 200 μm thickness. The slice of interest was incubated in an oxygenated Tris-HCl buffer overnight. The following day, the pHluorin was excited under a light microscope in a 1 mg/mL 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) supplemented Tris-HCl buffer. The subsequently excised region of interest with the DAB-precipitate was embedded in epoxy resin. For EM the tissue block was serially sectioned at a thicknes of 38 nm using an Ultracut S ultramicrotome (Leica, Germany) equipped with a diamond knife angled at 35° (Diatome, Biel, Germany). The 109 sections were collected onto hydrophilized silicon wafer strips and post stained with Reynolds lead citrate.
The sections were imaged on a Zeiss 1530 (Zeiss, Germany) scanning electron microscope. The InLens detector was used at a working distance of 2.1 mm and 3 keV acceleration voltage (Horstmann et al., 2013). A total area of 11.6 × 8.7 μm at a 10,000× magnification was imaged at a resolution of 3072 × 2304 pixel.
Acute slices from mice injected with AAV-synaptophysin-GFP were prepared 12–37 days post-surgery, as described before (Groh et al., 2008; Seol and Kuner, 2015). Slices of 250–300 μm thickness were cut with a vibratome (VT1200 S, Leica, Germany) in ice-cold solution containing (in mM): 85 NaCl, 2.5 KCl, 10 glucose, 75 sucrose, 25 NaHCO3, 1.25 NaH2PO4, 3 MgCl2, 0.1 CaCl2, 3 3-myo-inositol, 2 Na-pyruvate, 0.4 ascorbic acid, aerated with carbogen (5% CO2), pH 7.3. After cutting, the slices were transferred for 30 min to 37°C (in mM): 109 NaCl, 4 KCl, 35 glucose, 25 NaHCO3, 1.25 NaH2PO4, 1.3 MgCl2, 1.5 CaCl2, 3 3-myo-inositol, 2 Na-pyruvate, 0.4 ascoribic acid, aerated with carbogen, pH 7.3. Subsequently slices were kept at room temperature.
Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were established from MD neurons. All neurons were recorded at room temperature (22 ± 1°C) in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF, in mM: 125 NaCl, 2.5 KCl, 15 glucose, 25 NaHCO3, 1.25 NaH2PO4, 2 CaCl2, 1 MgCl2, aerated with carbogen, pH 7.3). The patch pipettes were pulled from borosilicate glass capillaries (1B150F-4, World Precision Instruments, Sarasota, FL, USA) on a horizontal puller (P97, Sutter Instruments, Novato, CA, USA) and had an open tip resistance of 3–7 MΩ. They were backfilled with intracellular solution containing (in mM): 130 K-gluconate, 20 KCl, 5 Na2phosphocratine, 10 HEPES, 5 EGTA, 4 Mg-ATP supplemented with Alexa 594 (37 μM and additional 0.73 mM KCl; life technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA).
All electrophysiological recordings were done with a HEKA EPC-10 amplifier (HEKA Electronics, Lambrecht, Germany), controlled by PatchMaster. The recordings were double low-pass filtered with internal Bessel filters (2.9 kHz and 10 kHz) and digitized at sampling rates of 20 kHz. All neurons were measured in whole-cell voltage-clamp mode at −70 mV unless noted otherwise. The liquid junction potential (13.4 mV, calculated based on Barry and Lynch, 1991) was corrected for. The stimulation electrode was obtained from a double barrel borosilicate glass capillary with a tip opening of 1–2 μm (Cat. No: 1401021, Hilgenberg, Malsfeld, Germany) using the horizontal puller to yield a small and confined electric field around the tip. The current was controlled with an Iso-Stim 01DPI (NPI Electronic Insturments, Tamm, Germany) stimulator with 10–90 V and 10–90 μs pulse width.
We have used the following criteria to select valid recordings of monosynaptic connections between the PIR and the MD: (a) The onset of the postsynaptic current needed to be clearly separated from the stimulus artifact; (b) The postsynaptic response must not scale with the stimulus intensity, but be all-or-none; (c) The current needed to be monosynaptic (This was determined as no further increase in EPSC amplitude upon an increase of stimulation intensity or by inspection for a second (slightly) delayed component. Both events are assumed to result from stimulation of two distinct yet closely spaced synapses within the electric field of the stimulation electrode); (d) The stimulation must be reliable (every stimulus should trigger a postsynaptic response, at least when stimulating at low frequency); (e) The holding potential needed to be stable throughout the recording. These criteria limited the number of synapses that were analyzed: 23 out of 31 synapses from 130 animals were excluded, some more synapses were disqualified already during the ongoing recording. In the majority of attempts successful recordings could not be obtained. Examples for excluded recordings are given in Supplementary Figure S1.
All images were processed with Fiji (Schindelin et al., 2012) and the Simple Neurite Tracer plug-in (Longair et al., 2011). The Simple Neurite Tracer was used to measure the dendritic length between the soma and the synapse. The plug-in searches for the brightest trace (and its length) of voxels in 3D between manually selected spots.
All images were processed with Fiji and additional plug-ins: FindFoci (Herbert et al., 2014) and 3D ROI Manager (Ollion et al., 2013). The FindFoci plug-in was used to find the volume of the synapse. The search parameters were set to auto threshold (mean + 3x SD). Above the threshold local maxima were found. Starting from the local maxima all voxels above threshold were included into the volume. To ensure that minor fluctuations in the signal intensity are not scored as individual volumes, the image was first filtered with Gaussian blur with 1 px range. Finally, volumes were merged if the saddle point between two local maxima was higher than 50% of the peak height (peak intensity—threshold) of either peak. Volumes were excluded, if it contained less than five voxels. The segmented image was loaded into the 3D ROI Manger, with which the volume of the synapse of interest was calculated.
The analysis was done using Igor Pro (v6.2, WaveMetrics Inc., Lake Oswego, OR, USA) with custom written routines. Values are reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD), unless noted otherwise.
We used spatiotemporally precise gene transfer via viral shuttles to yield heterologous expression of the reporter proteins Synaptophysin-EGFP and Synaptophysin-2pHluorin for electrophysiogical and ultrastructural analyses, respectively (Figure 1). The virus was delivered to the PIR (Figure 1A, green) via stereotactically guided injection needles. Subsequent to the expression period of 12–37 days, expression of the reporter protein was found in the somata of PIR neurons (Figure 1B) and their terminations in the MD (Figure 1C). For EM, mice were transcardially perfusion fixed, the MD region was excised and photooxidation was carried out to reveal PIR-MD synapses for subsequent 3D reconstruction (Figure 1D). For electrophysiology experiments, acute brain slices containing labeled presynaptic PIR-MD were obtained (Figure 1E). The scheme illustrates the recording situation that allows visually targeted stimulation of labeled PIR-MD terminals (green dots in Figure 1E) while performing postsynaptic whole-cell recordings.
Figure 1. Injection in the piriform cortex (PIR) and experimental readouts. (A) The direct and indirect connectivity from PIR to orbitofrontal cortex via the mediodorsal thalamus (MD). Particular emphasis is laid on the connection PIR-MD as this was targeted by (B) the local viral-mediated expression of synaptophysin-GFP and (C) slicing of the MD. (D) Following tissue preparation detailed images of the serial sectioned electron microscopy (EM)-compatible sample were acquired and used for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. (E) Schematic representation of the electrophysiological recording and stimulation arrangement. The image shows a maximum projection of a confocal image stack with the patch pipette from the right and the tip of the stimulation pipette highlighted by a white ellipse. MH/LH/sm: medial habenula/lateral habenula/stria medullaris, PVT, paraventricular thalamus; IMD, intermediodorsal thalamus; MD, mediodorsal thalamus. Scale bars = (B) 500 μm, (C) 100 μm, (E) 10 μm.
To compare the synapse to previously published work (Kuroda and Price, 1991) and other thalamic giant synapses we first determined its 3D ultrastructure. PIR-MD terminals were labeled by viral expression of pHluorin-tagged synaptophysin in PIR neurons, allowing for photooxidation-based identification of ultrastructural compartments formed by PIR neurons (Horstmann et al., 2013). The injection site covered the full PIR and in some cases included a minor spill over to the agranular insular cortex and somatosensory cortex. After reaching steady-state expression levels at 21 days post injection, tissue blocks containing the MD were prepared for EM. Within the inspected tissue block we found three RL-type terminals, i.e., morphologically “class I” synapses, that could be fully reconstructed and two further giant terminals that were partially reconstructed. Figure 2A1 shows a representative section containing PIR-MD terminals that can be identified by the increase in gray-scale intensity compared to the surrounding tissue. The section shown in Figure 2A contains abundant amounts of synaptic vesicles, cross-sections of mitochondria (red) and a multivesicular body (green in Figure 2A2). Furthermore, dendritic spine-like protrusions (yellow), also referred to as excrescences, are entirely surrounded by the presynaptic terminal (Figure 2A). Synaptic contacts were difficult to detect reliably, owed to the photooxidation product required to ensure reliable identification of PIR terminals. This is illustrated in Figure 2A, with non-labled synaptic contacts forming readily discernible synaptic contacts (open arrows) while synaptic contacts in the labeled terminal could not be reliably identified (filled arrows show candidate synaptic contacts). This problem is further illustrated and discussed in Supplementary Figures S2, S3. Therefore, we unfortunately could not count and quantify active zones in labeled PIR-MD terminals. For the same reason the quantification of synaptic vesicles would be an underestimate of the true number. It is however evident, that the presynaptic space contains a high density of synaptic vesicles (Figure 2). In all of the five synapses investigated, the terminal is at least partially ensheathed by glial processes, consistent with a glomerular structure. Similar ultrastructural properties were found in all terminals analyzed (Figures 2B–D; n = 5 synapses taken from one animal). These features are consistent with previous work describing the ultrastructure of PIR-MD neurons.
Figure 2. Piriform cortex-mediodorsal thalamus (PIR-MD) synapse cross-sections. (A1) Raw image of an electron microscopic cross-section through a labeled RL-type synapse in the MD. In addition, a cross-section of a smaller labeled terminal is visible that could not be classified as RL or RS because only a small portion of it was contained in the tissue block. (A2) The same cross-section with important structures color coded (Blue = presynaptic terminal, yellow = post-synaptic dendrite, red = mitochondria, green = multivesicular body, cyan = glial sheet). (B) Two more examples of RL-type profiles. Both boutons have multiple mitochondria, although only one is apparent in the smaller bouton in this particular cross-section. In both cases the dendrite has excrescences invading into the bouton, which are fully engulfed. In both cases the bouton is filled with vesicles. Both boutons are ensheathed by the same glial structure. (C,D) Two further examples of cross-sections of individual RL-type synapses. Scale bars represent 1 μm.
To address the 3D structure of PIR-MD synapses, we created complete reconstructions of three terminals and partial reconstructions of two terminals. Figure 3 shows the reconstruction of one of these terminals (blue). The entire terminal is covered by astroglia (cyan). Vesicles are distributed in clusters (green). The terminal contains several mitochondria (red) and wraps around the postsynaptic dendrite (yellow). Protrusions (also referred to as excrescences) emanate from the dendrite to increase the contact area between the pre- and post-synaptic compartments. The average volume of the terminals was 1.45 ± 0.76 (2.27 μm3, 1.34 μm3 and 0.75 μm3) with a maximal diameter of 3.5 μm. These synapses contain 6 ± 1.73 (8, 5 and 5) mitochondria respectively that take up 21.47 ± 2.31 (19.93%, 20.35% and 24.12%) of the total volume. The presynaptic profile engulfs the postsynaptic dendrite partially and its spine-like protrusions of the dendrite fully (Figures 2, 3). We also observed labeled synapses that we classified as RS-boutons, the morphological equivalent of “class II” synapses, but did not further analyze them. In conclusion, the large PIR-MD terminals characterized here contain several mitochondria, dendritic excrescences, abundant amounts of synaptic vesicles and several active zones, consistent with a potential function as a driver (class 1) synapse.
Figure 3. 3D reconstruction of a PIR-MD synapses from serial sections. (A) The full glomerulus including the glial sheath is depicted. (B) The same synapse including the visualization of the mitochondria and synaptic vesicles, lacking the glial sheath. (C) Similar visualization without the presynaptic compartment. Cyan = glia sheath, blue = presynaptic terminal, yellow = post-synaptic dendrite, green = vesicles, red = mitochondria. Scale bars = 1 μm.
We first examined MD neurons contacted by labeled PIR-MD synapses as identified by confocal microscopy. MD neurons had a resting membrane potential (Vrest) of −75.8 ± 7.1 mV (n = 64). The membrane potential (Vm) change during a 500 ms/−100 pA current injection yields a membrane resistance (Rmem) of 192.1 ± 68.9 MΩ, according to Ohm’s law. Current depolarizations done from different resting membrane potentials elicited the typical tonic and burst firing modes known for thalamic relay cells (Supplementary Figure S4).
We used the approach depicted in Figure 1 to record EPSCs from MD neurons elicited by stimulating defined presynaptic PIR-MD terminals (Figure 4, see “Materials and Methods” Section for criteria defining a successful recording and Supplementary Figure S1). The basic characteristics of the EPSCs evoked by the PIR-MD synapse are shown in Figure 4. The EPSC amplitude was on average 391.2 ± 522.3 pA (n = 8). The current rises from 20% to 80% in 0.54 ± 0.08 ms. After the peak, the current decays back to baseline with a time constant of 2.25 ± 0.97 ms. The stimulated synapses were on average 47.0 ± 15.8 μm away from the soma (data not shown). The EPSC amplitude does not correlate significantly with the size of the synapse (Supplementary Figure S5). Moreover, the distance (in the range of up to 80 μm) between synapse and soma is not correlated to the EPSC amplitude or the decay kinetics of the EPSC of this particular synapse (Supplementary Figure S5). Neither did we find correlations of these parameters with somatic access resistance (resistance and amplitude: r = 0.00, p = 0.99; resistance and decay time: r = −0.66, p = 0.07; resistance and rise time: r = −0.53, p = 0.18.). The age of the mice within the span of 29–48 days does neither affect the amplitude, nor the decay kinetics (Supplementary Figure S5). In summary, the EPSC responses evoked by single presynaptic stimulations are consistent with the class I ultrastructure described above.
Figure 4. Evoked postsynaptic currents of the PIR-MD synapses. (A) All normalized excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs; gray lines) and their average (black). The stimulus artifact was removed (arrow). Scatterplots of (B) amplitude, (C) rise time and (D) decay time constant. Lines are mean ± standard deviation (SD).
To examine the synaptic transfer properties upon high frequency stimulation, we stimulated the synapses with trains of stimuli at different frequencies (1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 Hz, n = 8). We found pronounced short-term depression during repetitive stimulation (Figure 5A). The kinetics and steady state of the depression was frequency-dependent (1 Hz: 2.13 s and 70.9%, 5 Hz: 0.33 s and 44.9%, 10 Hz: 0.14 s and 40.4%, 20 Hz: 0.07 s and 35.8%, 50 Hz: 0.03 s and 18.3%; Figure 5B). The synapse could follow 20 Hz quite reliably, while at 50 Hz the failure rate increases over time, i.e., with every consecutive stimulus (Figure 5C). The failure rate rose up to a maximum of 47.5% within the 1 s stimulus train. The synapses could not follow 100 Hz stimulation (data not shown). The term “short-term plasticity” intrinsically implies that the depression persists only for a short duration. We tested the recovery from depression via two consecutive trains of 25 stimuli at 50 Hz with variable interstimulus intervals of up to 15 s. The recovery of the synapse could be described with a single exponential function (tau = 1.34 ± 0.29 s; Figure 5D). Hence, even short high-frequency trains will cause strong synaptic depression that recovers within a few seconds. These features predict a strong frequency filtering at the PIR-MD synapse.
Figure 5. Short-term depression (STD) and its recovery of the PIR-MD synapse. (A) Example traces of repetitively (5, 10 and 50 Hz) stimulated EPSCs. (B) The normalized amplitudes of EPSCs during trains of stimuli at 1–50 Hz (mean ± SEM (unidirectional), n = 8). The depression is fitted monoexponentially. (C) Failure rate of stimulation. Symbols as in (A) (mean ± SD (unidirectional), n = 8). (D) The synapses (n = 5) were first stimulated 25 times at 50 Hz to deplete the vesicle pool. Following a variable interval an identical test train was applied. The recovery rate is calculated as the amplitude of the first EPSC in the test train (EPSC26) normalized by the first EPSC in the depression train (EPSC1). Outliers, defined by the 1.5× the interquartile range method, were dismissed. The pooled data is fitted by a monoexponential function (τ = 1.34 ± 0.29 s). (E) Back extrapolation per synapse of the readily releasable pool (RRP) from the linear phase of the cumulative amplitude plot (data shown for one synapse).
Furthermore, we estimated the readily releasable pool (RRP) size using the back-extrapolation method (Schneggenburger et al., 1999; Figure 5E). We found an RRP of the PIR-MD synapse of 862.2 ± 947.5 pA (n = 8) and a release probability, i.e., the fraction of the RRP released by a single presynaptic AP, of 49.7 ± 21.6%. These values may under- and over-estimate the RRP and release probability, respectively, because postsynaptic factors such as desensitization of ionotropic glutamate receptors are not considered in the analysis. Given the minor influence of postsynaptic factors to short term depression found in another representative of thalamic class I synapses (Groh et al., 2008), we assume that this may also apply to the PID-MD synapse.
To assess the effect of PIR-MD synapses on the membrane potential of the MD neuron, we recorded in current clamp mode while stimulating presynaptically (Figure 6). We typically found an EPSP of 1.63 ± 0.91 mV (n = 6 synapses) at membrane potentials between −75 mV and −65 mV (Figure 6B). We noticed that the sign of the EPSP switched between −60 mV and −55 mV, an unexpectedly negative reversal potential for ionotropic glutamate receptors, opening the possibility of a Cl− conductance contributing to the response. However, this observation is based on four data points recorded from two cells and may not be representative. Nevertheless, owing to difficulties of obtaining a sufficient number of recordings to clarify this, we tested for the occurrence of the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) in PIR-MD terminals using targeted immunohistochemistry (Supplementary Figure S6). This analysis shows a strong coexpression of the vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT-1 with GFP-labeled PIR-MD terminals (Supplementary Figure S6C, blue line), but no coexpression with VGAT (red line), supporting our conclusion that PIR-MD terminals are glutamatergic.
Figure 6. Evoked postsynaptic potentials of the PIR-MD Synapses. (A) Example traces of EPSPs at different membrane potentials. (B) Quantification of EPSPs at various membrane potentials. Emphasis is laid on EPSP in the range of −75 mV, to −65 mV (filled circles). The average EPSP in that range is 1.63 ± 0.91 mV. (C) Example trace of action potentials (APs) evoked through synaptic stimulation at membrane potentials of −80 mV and −67 mV. In gray the corresponding current trace. (D) At lower membrane potentials (−75 mV) the number of APs in the AP-burst is dependent on the membrane potential (n = 3 stimuli at each potential).
We further attempted to record postsynaptic suprathreshold responses elicited by single presynaptic APs, however, we succeeded only in a single recording (Figure 6C). The number of APs generated depended on the resting membrane potential, with several APs elicited at a membrane potential of −80 mV and only a single AP at more depolarized membrane potentials (Figure 6D). Unfortunately, we could not achieve additional recordings exhibiting suprathreshold responses, so that the results shown here need to be considered preliminary. Nevertheless, the response properties of this cell are very similar to that found in neocortical L5b-POm terminals (Groh et al., 2008; Seol and Kuner, 2015).
Our work revealed the 3D ultrastructure of labeled PIR-MD terminals. The terminals have a large volume, are vesicle filled, harbor multiple mitochondria, may contain multivesicular bodies, engulf excrescences of the dendrite and a glial wrap. This is consistent with early work of Spacek and Lieberman (1974), who provided the first 3D-ultrastructure of synaptic glomeruli in the rat ventrobasal complex of the thalamus, although not knowing the identity of the terminals. They also found the complex architecture of excrescences engulfed by the presynaptic bouton. Within their reconstructed boutons, the mitochondria made up a smaller proportion of the lumen, i.e., only 11.6% instead of the 21.5 ± 2.3% found here. However, it is not clear if their percentage is proportional to the presynaptic volume, as it is here, or proportional to the combined presynaptic and postsynaptic excrescences volume. Besides representing a true difference, it could also arise from different fixation and processing methods.
Budisantoso et al. (2012) found a similar 3D organization at the retinogeniculate synapse. Multiple protrusions grow out of the dendrite to enlarge the contact surface between bouton and dendrite. They quantified 27 ± 2.7 synaptic contacts per bouton. They concluded that this comes at the expense or as a feature of short-term depression, as the surplus glutamate cannot rapidly diffuse and is not cleared away, but will enhance AMPA receptor desensitization. On the contrary, the stronger argument against desensitization during STD was raised by the use of kynurenic acid, a low affinity antagonist for AMPA receptors, which reduces desensitization and saturation (Scheuss et al., 2002; Wong et al., 2003), at the L5B-POm synapse (Groh et al., 2008).
In summary, the giant PIR-MD synapse resembles the same ultrastructural features as previously described synapses of the class.
Are PIR-MD Synapses “Class I”?
According to the list of criteria proposed by Sherman and Guillery (2006) class I synapses need to be large. The 3D reconstructions of the synapse from EM images clearly show the hallmarks of RL-type synapses: large diameter, round vesicles, multiple mitochondria, and excrescences. Furthermore, “class I” synapses are supposed to have large EPSCs (reflecting the release of multiple quanta from many active zones), exhibit marked paired-pulse depression, are glutamatergic and activate ionotropic receptors. Similar EPSC kinetics were found in another “class I” synapse with pharmacologic and molecular properties typical for a glutamatergic synapse (Table 1). This indicates that the PIR-MD synapse is glutamatergic and acts on fast ionotropic receptors. Additional indication that glutamate is the principal neurotransmitter stems from tracing studies (Kuroda and Price, 1991; Ray and Price, 1992) and the ultrastructural observation that round synaptic vesicles typically contain the neurotransmitter glutamate. The amplitude of the EPSC is on average larger than for the L5B-POm synapse in mice (Table 1; Seol and Kuner, 2015). “Class I” synapses also show above mentioned paired-pulse depression, a feature strongly expressed in PIR-MD synapses (Figure 5). The EPSC amplitude depresses in a stimulation frequency-dependent manner, as it has been described for other “class I” synapses (Turner and Salt, 1998; Li et al., 2003; Reichova and Sherman, 2004; Groh et al., 2008; Budisantoso et al., 2012; Seol and Kuner, 2015). Additionally, “class I” synapses exhibit a high release probability. The PIR-MD synapses match release probabilities (Prel) of L5B-POm synapses for mice, but have a lower Prel than for L5B-POm in rats (Table 1; Groh et al., 2008; Seol and Kuner, 2015). We thus conclude that the PIR-MD synapses investigated here are of the “class I” type.
Table 1. Comparison with other giant synapses.
Only in a single out of eight recordings analyzed was the postsynaptic current sufficiently strong to reliably evoke APs. Postsynaptic APs were also not observed in any of the recordings that were excluded from analysis. Thus, the low probability of suprathreshold responses found here (approximately 12%) is likely an overestimate and lower than that found in other reports. Seol and Kuner (2015) report that 21% of all EPSCs were large enough to trigger postsynaptic spikes. In case of the retinogeniculate synapse 46 ± 16% of retinal APs are followed by a thalamic AP in rhesus monkey (Sincich et al., 2007). Budisantoso et al. (2012) found that large EPSCs always trigger postsynaptic APs, while small (<500 pA) EPSCs fail more often as the membrane potential decreases. In other studies the probability is not explicitly stated or apparent from the data, but it is obvious that also not all EPSCs trigger APs (Turner and Salt, 1998; Li et al., 2003; Reichova and Sherman, 2004).
The postsynaptic AP generation is a response property of the postsynaptic neuron. Mainly the IT currents shape the responses at low membrane potentials. A Cav3.1 knock-down study in relay cells of the POm nucleus clearly showed that the postsynaptic spiking at hyperpolarized membrane potentials is eliminated, while at deperpolarized potentials the “tonic” relay function is fully expressed (Seol and Kuner, 2015). The same study also establishes that the EPSC amplitude and number of postsynaptic APs does not correlate. It is therefore the interplay of presynaptic transmitter release and postsynaptic receptor and channel profile that determines the input-output function in thalamic relay cells.
The apparent lack of postsynaptic AP generation is therefore not directly a property of the synapse itself, but may reflect a distinct property of the MD neurons.
The results presented here clearly indicate that most “class I” PIR-MD synapses are by themselves not sufficient to evoke APs in the MD. This may suggest that multiple such inputs need to be integrated at the dendrite or soma. In this scenario, the MD neurons would function as an integrator rather than a mere relay for information from the PIR to the prefrontal cortex. Whether this is causally linked to the fact the circuit for olfactory information processing is different to other sensory modalities, in the sense that the thalamus is downstream of the primary olfactory cortex, while usually the thalamus operates before the primary sensory cortices, remains to be determined. However, guided by the idea that class I synapses represent the principal information we conclude that at least a subset of mediodorsal thalamic neurons are important for olfactory information processing.
PP: design of project, animal injections, electrophysiology, analysis and 3D reconstruction of EM images, interpretation, writing the manuscript. HH: preparation, acquisition and analysis of EM images, revising draft manuscript. TK: design of project, supervision of research, writing the manuscript.
Thomas Kuner acknowledges funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Priority Program 1392 and DFG Collaborative Research Center 636. The publication of this article was supported by the DFG and Heidelberg University within the “Open Access Publishing” funding program.
We would like to thank Marion Schmitt for cutting slices, Inge Frommer for help with EM, Michaela Kaiser for molecular biology and Claudia Kocksch for virus production.
During, M. J., Young, D., Baer, K., Lawlor, P., and Klugmann, M. (2003). “Development and optimization of adeno-associated virus vector transfer into the central nervous system,” in Viral Vectors for Gene Therapy: Methods and Protocols, ed. C. A. Machida (Totowa, NJ: Humana Press), 221–236.
Scheuss, V., Schneggenburger, R., and Neher, E. (2002). Separation of presynaptic and postsynaptic contributions to depression by covariance analysis of successive EPSCs at the calyx of held synapse. J. Neurosci. 22, 728–739.
Sherman, S. M., and Guillery, R. W. (2006). Exploring the Thalamus and its role in Cortical Function. 2nd Edn. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Spacek, J., and Lieberman, A. R. (1974). Ultrastructure and three-dimensional organization of synaptic glomeruli in rat somatosensory thalamus. J. Anat. 117, 487–516.
Wong, A. Y. C., Graham, B. P., Billups, B., and Forsythe, I. D. (2003). Distinguishing between presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms of short-term depression during action potential trains. J. Neurosci. 23, 4868–4877.
Copyright © 2017 Pelzer, Horstmann and Kuner. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
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London Irish have named an unchanged side to play Hartpury RFC at the Madejski Stadium on Sunday in Round 20 of the Greene King IPA Championship (kick-off 3pm).
Fergus Mulchrone will run out in a London Irish shirt for the 100th time against the West Country side.
Gordon Reid, Ollie Hoskins and Dave Porecki make up the front row with Franco van der Merwe and Josh McNally in the second row, with McNally named captain.
An all-Pacific Island back-row consisting of Albert Tuisue at blindside flanker with Samoa internationals TJ Ioane and Ofisa Treviranus completing the pack.
Scrum-half Ben Meehan continues his dynamic partnership with Ian Keatley, who starts at fly-half.
Centurion Mulchrone starts at inside centre with Tom Stephenson outside him in the number 13 jersey.
Luke McLean and Ben Loader start on the wings with Fiji international Alivereti Veitokani at full-back.
Among the replacements is Saia Fainga’a who returns to the squad after missing the Cornish Pirates match.
Tickets are availalbe from www.lidirect.co.uk or by calling 0118 968 1016.
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Promote pupils’ understanding of the 'fundamental British values' of democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and mutual respect and tolerance of those with different faiths and beliefs by drawing on examples that are both from Britain and across the world to reflect our multi-cultural ethos.
Ensure children are well prepared for the next stage of their learning and for the challenges and opportunities of adult life.
The core subjects of English, Mathematics and Science are taught as discrete subjects. The foundation subjects of Computing, Languages, Music and Physical Education are also taught discretely.
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This cosy Copenhagen B&B offers free Wi-Fi just a 10-minute bus ride from Copenhagen Central Station and within easy reach of the city centre.
Housed in a residential brick building dating back to 1918, the Urban Bed & Breakfast features 5 spacious and bright rooms which come equipped with a TV, tea- and coffee-making facilities, free Wi-Fi and heating. There are 2 shared bathrooms for guests' use as well as a modern kitchen where you can prepare meals. Your friendly hosts also offer the option of breakfast, and the building includes laundry facilities and a lift.
Copenhagen's main attractions can be reached within 10 minutes or less on the bus, with a handy stop at a minute's walk from the B&B. Stroll through the antique amusement park of Tivoli Gardens, shop till you drop on Strøget Street or go on a city cruise to catch a glimpse of the world famous Little Mermaid statue.
Metro: Amagerbro (line M1), 550 metres. Christianshavn (lines M1 and M2), 750 metres.
Train: Copenhagen Central Station, 2.5 kilometres.
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Anyone who knows me, knows I'm a snacker!
I can't seem to go more than a couple hours without one.... reading a blog? grab a snack... don't feel like cooking? grab a snack... running late? grab a snack... bored? grab a snack.... see, it's my answer for everything.
Anyways, have you ever heard of energy bites? Oh My, they are great! They are full of healthy ingredients that satisfy your hunger and cravings, and most importantly taste good. The problem is, there are literally a hundred energy bite recipes out there. You can get pretty creative. I mean; pumpkin pie energy bites, coconut date energy bites, chocolate matcha energy bites, pineapple coconut, blueberry and dark chocolate, the list goes on and on. But, for today, lets stick with a basic one, we all have to start somewhere right?!
Here's a super simple No Bake Energy Bite Recipe I know you'll love. It's super easy and super yummy.
Stir all ingredients together in a medium bowl until thoroughly mixed. Cover and let sit in the fridge for almost a half hour.
You are literally done, it was that easy!!
Don't forget to tell me what you think, or any other healthy and delicious 'snacks' you make yourself!!
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Mr Blix says that the radioactive element may prove much safer in reactors than uranium. It is also more difficult to use thorium for the production of nuclear weapons.
TheGreenMechanics: This surely is a very contentious issue, but if there's anything about alternatives that we need to be told about, we deserve to know it. Even if it's purely academic.
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"I sent Jennifer my coat in what I thought was terminal disrepair," Bielanko explains. "The lining was in tatters, the elbows ripped out, even the seams were failing." But as he found out and as is lovingly detailed courtesy of before and after shots in the red book, there are no lost causes in Reavis' world. "She resurrected my coat with a caring attention to detail and a seemingly charitable disregard for the time and money it took," says Bielanko.
And that wasn't St. Jennifer's first tour-wear miracle. Hell, it wasn't even her first tour-wear miracle in the Bielanko family. Several months earlier, Reavis resuscitated a vest that Serge Bielanko had bought in Europe in 1998 and proceeded to wear for every rock show since. In the middle of a Marah two-night stand at The Pour House last April, Reavis noticed the vest's sad condition and offered to help. "'I've had it to tailors all over the world and no one will touch it'," Reavis remembers Bielanko saying. Yeah well, those snooty international tailors probably aren't rabid music fans who hold concerts in their houses and dabble in mandolin.
Reavis fixed the vest, including the sides held together by safety pins and the dry-rotted back, completely remaking the outside in the process. And she did it in time for the next night's show.
Reavis has been sewing since she was 7 and using her skills to make gifts for people for almost as long, but she didn't go pro until the dot-com company she was working for went under a few years back. While doing some contract work and looking for a new full-time job, she decided to have a go at starting a side business. The extra nudge came when the band Hobart Willis and the Back Forty approached Reavis about making some tour jackets for them. Hello, embroidery machine. Hello, zoning license and business license and sales license. Hello, AltStitch.
Reavis eventually found that new full-time job, working in software testing at SAS. But she still carves out plenty of time to attend music shows (she and husband Tom are fixtures at alt-country shows in the Triangle and have opened their North Raleigh house for concerts on several occasions) and flex her sewing muscles. With AltStitch, she continues to find ways to combine those twin passions. In addition to her celebrated repair work, Reavis makes Western shirts, with hand-drawn yokes a specialty. She started making them for Tom, using a pattern she bought for her boyfriend when she was a teen in Salisbury, N.C., in the mid '70s. Her client list quickly expanded beyond the house when friends of the couple started requesting shirts to wear to shows. Soon, musicians--both locals and out-of-towners--were seeking out her stitchery. She's custom-made two shirts for No Depression magazine co-editor Peter Blackstock, including one for his wedding last winter. She's altered a blouse and dress for Tift Merritt and studded a pair of blue jeans. A couple shirts for Hooverville bassist Paul Dowd, alterations for bluegrass musician Greg Hawks, 40 embroidered hats for Patty Hurst Shifter? Sure, all in a couple of nights' work.
The charitable heart of which Dave Bielanko speaks was on prominent display at last fall's benefit for Texas singer/songwriter Alejandro Escovedo in Raleigh. In addition to embroidering and donating over a dozen hats (representing most of the participating acts) for the silent auction, Reavis created what turned out to be one of the most highly contested items: a denim shirt with a portrait of Escovedo on the back. "Jen's embroidery art perfectly captures his soulful eyes," says Durham's Sharon Massey, who got to wear the shirt home thanks to a stategically placed bid by her husband Wayland. "And the yoke on the back has the names of all the artists who performed at the benefit, many of whom are great favorites of mine: Thad Cockrell, Glory Fountain, Two Dollar Pistols, The Backsliders, 6 String Drag."
The Masseys were thrilled with the shirt, and as Wayland says, "Right away I started thinking there was some way embroidery could improve my life." Sure enough, he e-mailed Reavis a jpeg image of his favorite musical artist, Bob Dylan, and he's now the proud owner of a conversation-piece shirt of his own. "I've made a lot of new friends because of the shirt," he shares. "I tell them all that if Jen has a picture, she can reproduce it in thread." Now there's a quote for the scrapbook.
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Molnar H-Beam Connecting Rods are made from 4340 billet material, heat treated to increase tensile strength and shot peened to increase fatigue life. All rods have a wear resistant bronze bushing for long wrist pin life and feature ARP2000 material bolts that are custom made for Molnar by ARP. All Molnar connecting rods are finished here in the USA at their factory near Grand Rapids, Michigan. Sizes are held to +/- .0001" which are the tightest tolerances you will find in the racing industry!
Suitable for use on many M20, M50, M52, S50, and S52 applications.
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If you are tired of being the soldier who kills the creepy monsters, and rather feel sorry for those poor, innocent beasts, this Online Dune Sandworm Game is just what you are looking for. Become the Terror of Deep Sand and kill all attackers, including soldiers, helicopters and tanks. Move under the ground and wait for the right moment to make your brutal and aggressive appearances, getting rid of numerous enemies at a time. Collect bonuses under the surface and avoid getting hit by bullets and bombs. Get the highest score possible before they take you down. Enjoy Terror of Deep Sand!
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Our NanoTight kit allows you to easily connect capillary tubing to standard 1/16" ports. Our NanoTight Kits are carefully manufactured using Dupont® FEP fluoropolymer – a highly inert, melt-processed polymer that serves as an excellent alternative to PTFE. Our kit is designed to increase flexibility and convenience at a lower per-piece price than if the components were purchased separately. It comes with (10) natural color .021 ID tubing sleeves and (4) F-330N Nut, NanoTight™, Long, With F-142N Ferrule, Peek™, 10-32, natural color.
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2 mei 2015 – “In the European Union, decision-making power depends not only on the size of a given player’s economy, but also on how it deals with international media”, argues Nikos Sverkos at the Press Project.
The image at the top of the post is by Greek designer and illustrator Stefanos Papadatos, and is used with thanks. You can read more about it here, or look at his portfolio here.
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Can a Hangar Investment Make You Cash?
Could you need an aircraft caddy sometime in the near future? The subleasing of hangar space is on the rise, and increasingly popular, due to the potential to operate space without the building and management headaches.
Ribeiro Companies’ Quail Air Center offers hangar space adjacent to Las Vegas’ McCarran International Airport. Outfitted offsite, tenants taxi aircraft though security gates to runways. Buy outright, rent or sublease. Alongside available hangar and office space for rent, Quail offers not-for-profit ground-support services. Tenant-only fuel services offer substantial savings: Enough for some frequent-flyers to pay for hangar space. Also in the works: Two-upcoming projects: Henderson Quail Commercial Aviation Center and Henderson Quail Air Center.
Ascend’s $100-million, prepaid hangar project, 68-miles north of New York City where the cost of living is low, is second to its already operational SanFran Hayward Air Terminal. It will feature luxury accommodations, optional office space, and long-term 40+ year leases. Area airports will provide all fuel and ground services. With scarce land and fewer airports being erected, demand (and value) are expected to rise.
This McClellan-Palomar Airport in Carlsbad, California spans 15-acres, including 19-hangars offered on a 30-year, prepaid-lease basis. An FBO, it offers special fuel pricing, sub-leasing opportunities, and the potential to operate your business via office space available at the facility.
Outfitting your hangar? Entice tenants with our terrific tugs. Safely move aircraft, navigate tight spaces, prevent injuries and reduce liability with an aircraft caddy from DJ Products today.
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When it comes to taking your defensive driving course you need to choose Comedy Defensive Driving School. Why? Because we have a defensive driving class just for you! If you would have been driving the right way you wouldn’t need to take this class in the first place! You won’t have to read anything because it is 100% video, and you can get same day certificate processing. Isn’t that what you want? With low prices and the ability to learn on your own time, what are you waiting for?
Taking your defensive driving course is now easier than ever because you can do it all online or in the classroom. It’s your choice! You can take your course anytime you wish, day or night, and we will give you a 100% money back guarantee. Want to get back on the road? Then sign up for the class and be done with it. Just visit us online to read more about the classes we offer and to get an idea of price.
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I hope all of you had a restful and wonderful holiday season with your loved ones! I know I’ve been pretty MIA in the past few months, it’s been quite hectic juggling 2 jobs and some sort of an attempt at a social life. Nonetheless, my skincare routine has been ongoing with new products incorporated and being tested on a regular basis.
With the colder months finally showing up, I’ve added in some more products to my daily routine to help maintain moisture and keep my skin hydrated from the harsh cold and wind. There have been a lot more oils that I’ve been trying out and been loving the results that I see in my skin’s hydration as it brave’s for the Canadian cold. I’ve linked the products to where they can be purchased or where I purchased them from. However, there are many retailers that may also carry the product and brand at either the same or a slightly different price. Feel free to comment below if you’d like more retailers for a product mentioned!
* This brand is only available at their Murale locations but can also be found at Sephora & Nordstrom.
This oil also contains Vitamin C and many antioxidants to help retain hydration for up to 12 hours upon application and prevent lines and wrinkles from forming. This oil smells heavenly and only requires 2-3 drops to cover the whole face. I find that I need barely anything else when using this oil. I can use it on its own with eye cream in the morning and I’m set for the day.
I was recommended to try this at a preview event and I haven’t looked back! For the longest time, I assumed I couldn’t wear anything on top of an oil because it would just slide off my skin but was I wrong. The oil helps combat pigmentation and helps keep the skin hydrated from any environmental stressors. I’ve been using this at night on top of my Biologique Recherche P50 and under my Dr. Jart+ Cicapair cream and it’s helped keep my skin hydrated throughout the day.
I was super excited to pick up this serum, it’s been raved about all over Instagram and has really good reviews. I was a little skeptical to try it out as I was recently getting skin irritations from other products that got a lot of hype on Instagram and ended up having to return. Luckily, I haven’t gotten any irritations with this one. It’s recommended to be used 2-3 times a week. I find that I can use it on its own at night after toning and applying eye cream. It keeps my skin hydrated even in the morning after washing and keeps the skin glowing. So far, I haven’t seen any breakouts occur since introducing this product to my routine.
I love the consistency of this serum, it starts off feeling like an oil but absorbs into the skin super quick and doesn’t leave a greasy finish but rather a natural finish. The 5% Vitamin C in the product helps brighten the skin and help reduce any pigmentation spots. It helps even out the skin tone and prevents any future pigmentation from occurring. I usually use this in the morning underneath my moisturizer and sunscreen.
This was an award winner on Allure’s Best of Beauty in 2016 and I know understand why. I wasn’t sure how the moisture cream would play out as I’ve been using gel-based moisturizers in the past year and my skin was working well with them but since using this in the winter, I may have been convinced that a cream-base was a better call for the colder months. I love that it’s a little thicker consistency while maintaining the hydration of the Water Bank line and keeps the scent. I’m a sucker for the LANEIGE scent and love the finish and feel this cream leaves on my skin. I’ll definitely be purchasing this when I use it up!
With the oils and the Klairs Vitamin Drop, I’m super happy that they come with a dropper, it makes it so much easier not to overdo how much product is being used. I usually find 2-3 drops to be the ideal amount when applying to my face. Sometimes, I may even use 1-2 varying on how my skin’s feeling that day and how I’m layering my products. All the products mentioned have been doing super well with my acne-prone, combination-oily sensitive skin and I’m excited to continue using them throughout these cold months to see more results as it starts to become warmer.
Have there been any skincare staples that you’ve added to your collection to combat the colder months?
Disclaimer: Products marked with an asterisk (*) were kindly sent to me for review consideration. All reviews and opinions are my own.
I’ve been looking into the Farmacy serum for a few weeks but haven’t bought it yet! I’m so happy to hear that it’s giving you good results so maybe that’s the push I need to get it too – I love their makeup cleansing balm, have you tried it?!
I’m a big fan of the serum! I don’t find it drying on me like my experience with some other serums with AHA. I’ve only tried a sample of the cleansing balm, I’d consider picking it up when I run out of my cleansing oil. It’s definitely a lot more travel friendly!
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The Blue Mosque located in Istanbul and erected between 1609 and 1616 during the reign of Sultan Ahmet I by architect Sedefhar Mehmet Ağa. This mosque restores some Byzantine elements but respects the traditional Islamic architecture. It has the particularity of facing the basilica of Saint Sophia. It is known for its color that makes it unique!
Signaler "The Blue Mosque "
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Hi there, welcome to my Efty marketpage. Feel free to have a quick look and contact me ( info @ Dominericos.com) if I can be of any assistance. Hablamos espanol.
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A colleague put this quotation up on his Facebook wall this week, and while these golden words are from one of the greatest violinists of the last century, they apply absolutely to us pianists.
I am convinced we use different parts of our brains for practising and for performance, they are two quite different activities. In performance we need a feeling of abandon and spontaneity, of creativity and going with the punches (more of what is known as right-brained activity), whereas practising relies on thoughtful, analytic procedures where we are constantly evaluating, repeating and refining our results (left-brained activity). In performance, we need to leave our inner critic in the green room and go into another, “thoughtless” state of mind once we are on the stage. We probably all know an excellent pianist who is not able to make the transition from the one state of mind to the other, and while they may play wonderfully, they can’t put themselves through the torment of public performance. Letting go of our critic is easier for some than others, and the ability to do this (allied with natural talent and a capacity for hard work, obviously) is what makes a good performer. Some relish the act of showmanship – performance with all its theatre – but others shrink from it, seemingly unable to get out of their own way.
When I was a student, I experienced two opposite states of mind in a lesson, the careful practiser and the carefree performer. Anxious to show my professor how much I had practised that week and how well I had prepared the piece, I was (unconsciously) reluctant to surrender control. When I played it through to him, it was full of errors caused by anxiety and tension, not through lack of time or effort in the practice room. As we all know, mental tension translates immediately into physical tension and we end up playing with a different sense of our muscles – sluggish, restricted and uncooperative. My teacher, being very wise, immediately asked me to play the piece again, this time trying to play as many wrong notes and to make as many mistakes as possible. This somewhat unusual permission was enough to flip a switch in my mind, and the difference between the two performances was chalk and cheese. I remember being startled by this, since the two performances were back to back without any instruction or in-between practice. It was the Jekyll-and-Hyde change of mindset that was solely responsible for the difference between a stiff and inaccurate version and a free, creative and exhilarating one. I often refer back to this experience, in my own playing and in my teaching.
Imagine you were the owner of a shop, that at the end of each day you needed to count the takings, check the stock, place the orders and whatever else shop owners need to do. After a while your business grows and you are in a position to open up a new shop somewhere else, so you appoint a manager to take over the first one. The new manager is installed, but you don’t trust him to do the job properly and you return regularly to go through the accounts. Because his systems are different from yours, mistakes are made. The result is the opposite of what you intend – this interference leads to conflict and inefficiency.
A colleague of mine has an expression which I think is very true: “You’re as terrible as you’re wonderful”. Everything has a shadow side, not least careful, studious piano practice. Our striving for perfection, making sure we have covered every detail in the score and mastered the technical problems in a piece mean that we need to find a mechanism of mind that allows us to let go of all of this care and attention and to surrender control when we are on the stage. But how?
Some of this is mental – we need to give ourselves permission that all our hard work is the passport to the performance, and we need to trust that we have done enough work and for long enough. This relies on positive self talk. More practically, the ingredient most often missing, and which I consider indispensable, is practising a performance. I have discussed this in a previous post, and in light of the Heifetz quote it might be worth re-reading.
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S.E. Doster is a Georgia native who can usually be found somewhere in the country with her dog Draco. When she is not reading or writing stories, you can usually find her immersed in an epic video game or with a paintbrush in hand. Regardless of which hobby she is enjoying, chances are good you’ll hear rock music blaring in the background.
I am very blessed and fortunate to have been given the chance to meet S.E. Doster, one out of millions of people on this planet. Very lucky that we had cross paths in our life time and many more paths to come!
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The Chicago Area Polymer Clay Guild meets on the third Wednesday of each month. The meeting begins at 7:00 p.m. We encourage you to contact one of the officers on the Contacts Page if you are attending a meeting for the first time in order to confirm the time and place of the meeting. See below for the meeting location and directions.
Scheduled programs consist of things such as technique demonstrations by members, project swaps, and/or creative challenges. Each member is encouraged to make suggestions for programs or to demonstrate to the other members a special technique they use or have learned.
We welcome polymer clay artists of every skill level; there are always new things to learn. If you are curious about polymer clay but have never tried it, come to a meeting and see what it's all about.
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Glen Francis has over 20 years of technology experience and has served on a number of executive boards and forums.
Prior to SPH, he was the President and founder of CIO Academy Asia, Vice President for the IT Management Association, and President and founder of IDeationEdgeAsia. He continues to serve on the Singapore University of Social Sciences as its technology board chair.
As Group CIO for Global Logistic Properties Limited (“GLP”), Glen was responsible for Technology across the organization’s global operations across 110 cities. He joined GLP, which has a market capitalization of approximately US$10 billion, shortly after its listing in Singapore and helped set up its technology platforms, security framework, data center, organizational, project management office, IT management office and mergers & acquisitions requirements for expansion and joint ventures.
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Kidney Research UK is one of the four charities that make up Kidney Charities Together (Kidney Care UK, the National Kidney Federation and the Polycystic Kidney Disease Charity). Once again we are leading the UK initiative around World Kidney Day in 2018.
We are encouraging individuals and patient groups to work together with renal and transplant units in hospitals all over the UK to support the day by organising an activity or event. The aim is to draw public attention to the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle to help look after your kidneys, the risks for developing kidney disease and the impact it has on patients. Following the global theme for 2018, there will also be a focus on kidney disease and women’s health.
Contact [email protected] for further information.
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How do you argue in a way that is conducive to the health and growth of the relationship rather than in a way that is detrimental to it?
One of the largest hurdles and growing pains a couple will experience is learning how to communicate during times of distress and anger. Sometimes a fight can get so bad that you are left doubting the relationship and your partner himself. He accuses you of being overly sensitive; you accuse him of not listening or being attentive to your needs. After a grueling tirade of who's right or wrong, sooner or later both of you are in a downward spiral where ego has completely taken over, and rationality and sympathy are out the window.
But before you blame your other half for his communication deficiencies or conclude that the relationship is unsalvageable, try to understand that learning how to argue is a work in progress and can take a few years to find a balance and flow.
Learning how to communicate with your partner and how to argue maturely is something that requires time, effort and commitment. We all go into a relationship with our own baggage, sensitive trigger points, and methods of negotiation that were learned as a child.
For example, when I was a child, being the youngest and relatively "spoiled" in comparison to my sisters, I learned that if I cried loud enough and whined profusely enough, eventually I'd get my way. I learned that if I weren't satisfied with an outcome, sulking and pouting would yield results. Little did I know that my way of communicating what I wanted and getting it, and my system of navigating through distress, were being formulated at such a young age. After years of acting out that way and getting a certain reaction each time, those behavioral and communication patterns were reinforced time and time again, creating habits that I would default to as an adult.
And as an adult, it's obvious that being passive-aggressive, silent and sulky are not the most effective of tactics; however, I have found it challenging to shake off my old habits of behavior and start new ones. I actually have to stop myself in my tracks and force myself to get out of my "upset child" mode and actually communicate in a mature way. It's easy to silently pout or take the other extreme and blame your partner as being the cause of your emotions. However, if you've resorted to this method (as I have done many times), you find out quickly that the result of the blame/accusation game usually results in your partner getting defensive and ready to fight or take flight. Not a productive way of arguing.
So how do you argue in a way that is conducive to the health and growth of the relationship, rather than in a way that is detrimental to it? One word. Compassion.
The minute you tell your angry mind and charged-up emotions to take a pause and try to be compassionate about how your partner is feeling, you change the direction. Instead of blaming and feeling victimized, tap into your empathic side. Try to see your partner's point of view, taking into consideration his past, his experiences and his trigger points that are very different from yours. Your partner may not be able to calm his anger or frustration, and in that event, you may decide that allowing space for both of you to cool down will have a more positive outcome in the end. Women tend to want to talk about their feelings right away, usually just to vent, as talking increases oxytocin, the feel-good chemical. Men, on the other hand, have an instinct to either fight or take flight when they are challenged or see a threat. You may think that a husband's argument with his wife may not compare to a caveman being threatened by a wild animal, but the response mechanisms are eerily similar (insert joke here).
Thus, in heated arguments, sometimes it's best to let the man retract in to his "cave" and once the emotions and anger levels calm down, then the two of you can sit down and have a mature conversation focused on moving forward, and how things can be improved. When that conversation does occur, note that while all you may want is to talk and feel understood, men are fixers that are solutions-driven. If being heard is all you want, then you may want to preface the conversation that you just want him to be all ears and try to understand your point of view.
The art of communication is an evolving one, and while you may think you've mastered it, you always are going to have to modify and adapt to the different people you interact with in your life -- all of whom will come with completely different styles and backgrounds. And while sometimes you can get so frustrated that you contemplate just giving up and walking out the door or some other extreme action, stop and think: "Will this action or these words help the relationship or harm it?" When you hit a certain point when you think you're about to blow a fuse, sometimes a little space and time really can save the day.
Amy Chan is a relationship columnist, and her blogs can be found on www.amyfabulous.com.
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The main purpose of any literary essay is to carefully evaluateand examine a famous work of literature. As with any otherevaluation or analysis, you need to break the chosen subject downinto component parts. Examining different elements is aneffective process that can help you better understand andappreciate a particular work of literature. For example, a reviewof any poem may deal with different images and relationshipsbetween its content and form. If you need to analyze a play,focus on relationships between its plot and subplot or characterflaws. When analyzing a short story, identify its specific themeand show how the author suggests this theme from a personal pointof view.
The right organization to make each part contribute somethingto readers’ understanding of the main idea.
To write the best literary essay, you need to focus on the keyelements that can make it stand out. Expand and discuss them allto come up with a lucid and clear paper by taking a few basicsteps.
What do you want to argue?
How do you need to organize important evidence?
Explain the importance of your key argument.
A thesis must be in an introductory paragraph, and it serves asthe introduction of your writing approach to the chose literarywork. In most cases, it’s placed in the end of this essay sectionto let the audience know what to expect from the main body. Yourthesis statement must be refined. If your essay evolves, you needto revamp it to sum up everything accurately.
Be sure to end the introduction with a thesis that seems to usherin the rest of your literary essay.
The next step is writing convincing and logical body paragraphs,and this is where you need to provide the audience with enoughevidence for a central argument. A standard body contains 3paragraphs, through longer papers may require more. Consider theevidence that you have to make an assertion. How is it linked toyour overall theme? Is there anything that you leave out?
It’s advisable to perform your close reading and evaluatedifferent factors in this assignment. You may need to discuss thedevelopment of major characters and focus on their individualchanges. You can focus on their fatal flaws and examine theirmistakes too. Think about the settings and themes of a specificliterary work, and emphasize on effective ways in which theycontribute to its overall quality.
Your literary paper will fail if you ignore the elements thatdon’t fit your thesis statement. Ensure that the main argumentdoesn’t select the parts of the text that are ignored andaddressed. Focus only on one major idea in a separate paragraph,and you don’t need to include all the evidence that you have inone idea.
Discuss its social or historical context.
Drawing connections between the context and the genre.
Similes or comparisons where one thing is connected withanother.
It’s worth using available secondary sources because they canhelp you support the main argument, but ensure that they remainsecondary. You should use other authors’ opinions only as paddingfor your arguments, and you can find them in many possible ways,such as asking your professors or checking a local library.
Avoid simply summarizing the plot because your essay is meantfor analyzing, not summarizing.
Avoid confusing the words of characters with a viewpointoffered by authors. They are mutually exclusive things, so ensurethat a central argument addressed only one of them.
Check your academic paper for any grammar or spelling mistakes.You can use automatic spell-checks, but they aren’t 100%accurate. Ask other people to review your essay because you maybecome oblivious to obvious flaws or mistakes, so let yourfriends check its clarity, content, and grammar. Make sure thatyou meet the necessary formatting requirements, including pagenumbers, margins, and sources. Review each paragraph of yourpaper to ensure that it’s logical and interesting.
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Ireland truly is a light to the world. The foundation of the country is steeped in the teachings of the Catholic Church, and it is one of the last remaining countries in the world to uphold a ban on abortion. But recently the Irish government began moving forward plans to dismantle the protection of the unborn that the Irish Constitution upholds.
The Irish government has introduced an extreme abortion bill that would legalize abortion through all nine months of pregnancy, when a woman’s life is seen as being in danger – including the risk of suicide. The government has decided to ignore the Irish people and instead of giving them a Referendum on abortion, they have decided to legislate on abortion.
This past Saturday, I joined over 60,000 people who flooded the streets of Dublin, from all across Ireland, to stand up for life and to call for the protection of the unborn child to be upheld. This rally, organized by Ireland’s preeminent pro-life organizations — Youth Defence, the Life Institute, and Precious Life, was held in response to the Irish government’s recent push for abortion legalization in Ireland and to call on the Prime Minister to give the people a vote.
The experience of being at this rally was like nothing I’ve ever felt or seen. It was powerful, heart-breaking, and absolutely inspiring — all at the same time.
It was amazing to stand in a country that has never been touched by the culture of death or the evil of abortion, yet heart-breaking because now this country is on the verge of abortion being legalized. Yet, instead of people admitting defeat and becoming apathetic, the pro-life movement is more passionate than ever, as they stand up against the vicious attacks on innocent women and their children in the womb.
In January, 30,000 people rallied in front of the government buildings in Dublin to take a stand for life, making it the largest pro-life gathering the country had every seen. Then, last month, the pro-life movement broke the record again on June 8th, when they brought together over 40,000 activists from all over the country to stand up for life. And now, Saturday broke the record again with over 60,000 people in the Dublin City Centre, speaking out on behalf of the most defenseless Irish citizens — the unborn. The Rally for Life on Saturday became the largest pro-life rally Ireland has ever seen.
To put this in perspective, this would be equal to us having 5 million people show up at the March for Life in January, whereas we had just over 500,000 at the March for Life in January 2013. Ireland is pro-life!
Niamh Ui Bhriain, Director of The Life Institute, addressed the rally saying, “The pro-life ethos of Ireland has made this country the safest place in the world for a woman to carry a baby.” And this is according to the often quite pro-abortion United Nations and the World Health Organization.
And Smyth finished by saying, “It’s not over… until we say… it’s over!” And the crowd went wild.
The 60,000 people brought Dublin to a standstill and forced the public to pay attention to the intense battle that Ireland is in the midst of, as they work to keep the unborn child protected under the law.
The battle for life in Ireland is far from over. The Irish pro-life movement is on fire and they are more passionate and determined than ever to uphold the protection of the unborn child.
The Irish government will continue to debate this abortion legislation over the coming days, and are meant to have a decision on this brutal abortion bill by the end of this week or next.
Please keep Ireland in your prayers, and pray for our Irish pro-life brothers and sisters. Let’s storm heaven for Youth Defence and the pro-life movement in Ireland, and pray that Ireland remains abortion-free – now and forever.
May Ireland continue to be a light to the world!
Kate Bryan grew up in Michigan, but now resides in Washington, D.C. She holds a B.A. in Theology from Franciscan University of Steubenville and a Masters degree in Public Affairs and Political Communication from the Dublin Institute of Technology in Ireland. Follow her on Twitter at @katembryan.
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Atheism is frequently thought of to be a adverse, darkish, and pessimistic trust that is characterized by means of a rejection of values and objective and a fierce competition to faith.
Atheism: a truly brief advent units out to dispel the myths that encompass atheism and convey how a existence with no non secular trust will be optimistic, significant, and ethical. It additionally confronts the failure of formally atheist states within the 20th Century. The e-book provides an highbrow case for atheism that rests as a lot upon confident arguments for its fact as on destructive arguments opposed to faith.
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3). This document cannot be reproduced without the expressed written permission of Connors Research, LLC. Copyright © 2013, Connors Research, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
We have published research on stops in other publications including in our book Short Term Trading Strategies That Work. Few trading strategies can overcome these aggregated losses. We know successful traders in both camps. Factor them into your trading (the entries are at limit prices so slippage is not an issue) and make sure you’re trading at the lowest possible costs. The online brokerage firms want your business. com This document cannot be reproduced without the expressed written permission of Connors Research, LLC.
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Officer Samantha Bruening stands near her police cruiser and scans the parking lot, subtly but skillfully checking the area for any suspicious activity. The young officer, a 2014 graduate of Mount Marty College (MMC), now works for the Yankton Police Department. It’s a role she touts as her greatest accomplishment — so far — and a position she says she found herself in because of the focused guidance she received during her undergraduate experience at MMC.
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Coin Fraud Prompts Reform Efforts | Coin Scam Attorney Bill Voss | The Voss Law Firm, P.C.
Bill Voss is on a mission to bring regulation to the coin industry.
The Texas lawyer said he's seen so many elderly people in the past five years who were cheated on large coin deals that he dedicated part of his law practice to pursuing rogue dealers. His website, coinlawfirm.com, offers tips on buying coins safely and seeks clients who've been defrauded.
"This shouldn't be happening against senior citizens, but it is. It's happening everywhere," Voss said.
He predicts the problem will worsen unless coin firms are regulated like other financial industries that provide investment advice.
Things may move in that direction. U.S. Rep. Anthony Weiner, D-N.Y., said in a recent interview that he plans to reintroduce legislation this year that would require coin dealers to disclose the melt value of the coins they sell, along with any fees and markups on their products.
Weiner sponsored the Precious Coins and Bullion Disclosure Act last fall, which drew support from the Federal Trade Commission and passed the House but failed to get through the Senate before the session expired. He said he's "not optimistic" that it will pass in a GOP-controlled House, however.
"There is this sense among my Republican colleagues that this is somehow an attack on Fox [Television] and their hawkers of gold, so I think their inclination is to defend it," Weiner said.
He took some heat for issuing an investigative report last May about Goldline International, a coin dealer based in Santa Monica, Calif., noting that it began growing rapidly after it started sponsoring Fox program host Glen Beck and other conservative pundits who touted investments in precious metals.
The report described Goldline as "a company that uses conservative rhetoric, high pressure sales tactics and tall tales about the future of gold to sell overpriced coins that can be bought somewhere else for cheaper."
Scott Carter, an executive vice president at Goldline, defended the firm's sales practices at a hearing in September before the House subcommittee on Commerce, Trade and Consumer Protection. He said Goldline already provides full disclosure and characterized the legislation as unworkable.
In Minnesota, a 2009 law that aims to protect the elderly from financial exploitation makes it easier to sue and potentially much more costly for defendants who lose. The law allows a vulnerable adult who is a victim of exploitation to recover damages of $10,000 or up to three times the loss -- whichever is greater -- plus attorney fees and costs. Minnesota Attorney General Lori Swanson has not proffered any legislation specific to coin dealers, but a spokesman said she would welcome a state measure similar to the one Weiner has pitched in Congress.
Spokesman Ben Wogsland said coin dealers are pitching gold and silver as an alternative investment to stocks, bonds or mutual funds. "It's investment advice," he said, "so it seems to me that there's some kind of a regulatory role there."
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After some initial hiccups, Vivian’s whole cow program finds its groove. Mrs. Scarlett shows her how to make a classic cubed steak, inciting an epic tantrum from Flo. Vivian nervously heads to New York to meet her new editor as work on her upcoming cookbook continues.
Vivian judges the Southern Sides competition at the annual BBQ Festival.
After some initial hiccups, Vivian’s whole cow program finds its groove.
Vivian’s plate runneth over as her tour of Charleston continues.
Vivian heads to the Charleston’s Wine and Food Festival.
Lillie shows Vivian three different ways to bring out the bitter and sweet in rutabagas.
Vivian turns up the heat on a dish that features chicken livers drizzled with hot honey.
The Boiler Room welcomes a new manager, much to Ben’s delight.
Scott Barton stops by to see the kitchen and share the African roots of okra.
Vivian visits her friend Nancy for a surprisingly comforting meal combination.
Vivian is under the gun to pen an entire book chapter on figs in three days.
Mrs. Scarlett teaches Vivian the secrets of Gramma Hill’s canned peaches.
Vivian recreates the classic hamburger steak for the Chef and the Farmer.
Preview: Season 3, Ep. 12: What’s Your Beef?
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Create a charmed photo frame with our Charm Chest Jewelry Kit!
Kiddos love snapping pics of themselves and they'll really love getting to display them in a charmed photo frame. This DIY uses packaging + charms from our Charm Chest Jewelry Kit to help kids create an awesome, customized frame. Put those cute pics to work!
1. Trace photo + cut frame -- choose one of the cardboard inner trays from the Chest Jewelry Kit. Lay it flat and trace your photos on the inside of the tray with pencil. Using a craft knife or scissors cut a frame slightly smaller than the size of the photo you traced.
2. Decorate frame and charms -- paint front of cardboard frame. Snip the loop of the top of a few charms and paint. If you want to add glitter, do so when the paint is wet so the glitter will stick.
3. Attach charms + photos -- when the frame and charms are dry, attach the charms to the front of the frame with a hot glue gun. Use washi tape and tape photos to inside of frame. Display!
Shop our Charm Chest Jewelry Kit here!
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SEOUL (AA) – South Korea admitted Wednesday that it is seriously concerned about North Korea’s alleged return to nuclear reprocessing, as the authoritarian state continues to ignore global calls to abandon its weapon ambitions.
Multiple reports this week have pointed to the North’s resumption of reprocessing as a means to obtain a steady supply of plutonium to support its self-proclaimed status as a responsible nuclear weapons state -- despite being hampered by toughened United Nations sanctions after carrying out a fourth ever nuclear test in January.
The International Atomic Energy Agency stated in Austria on Monday that North Korea may have restarted a 5-megawatt reactor at its Yongbyon nuclear complex, while a senior United States government official then effectively confirmed the claim according to an international report.
“The government is watching the relevant movements closely with serious concern,” said a South Korean unification ministry spokesperson at a briefing.
“It is a well-known fact that North Korea has been continuously pursuing various reprocessing activities to secure additional plutonium,” Jeong Joon-hee was quoted by local news agency Yonhap as saying.
North Korea remains defiant in the face of international pressure to fall in line with multiple UN resolutions -- state media vowed Tuesday that the country “will produce more modern and diverse nuclear weapons”.
Pyongyang already confirmed the resumption of full operations at Yongbyon last year after the complex’s reactor was shut down nearly a decade ago in return for aid.
Experts, however, have been divided on how far developed the country’s nuclear program is amid conflicting reports and satellite imagery.
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A UTM Provides Enterprise Network Security Features for SMBsIntel Compute Stick: What Is It and What Is It for?
Originally released in Japan on May 22, 1980 and the United States on October of the same year, the global branding success Pac-Man celebrates his 35th birthday today. The yellow pizza with a slice missing entertained people for more than three decades and has become sort of a cultural icon and ambassador for video games. Despite so much time in the public eye though, there’s plenty of fun facts people still don’t know about the rotund action hero.
The game was created by Toru Iwatani at Namco over the course of a year and was released in the United States under license by Midway, a division of Bally Technologies. Iwatani was 25 years old when Pac Man was released.
Pac-Man was originally branded as Puck Man in Japan partially because of his resemblance to a hockey puck, but the name changed for the US release.
The reason for the rebranding? Midway realized vandals could change the P to an F and make the label not safe for work.
Google introduced a playable Pac-Man Doodle featuring the Google logo as the stage for its 30th anniversary. The software developer RescueTime, calculated time lost to workers playing the doodle at $120 million.
In a 1987 interview, Iwatani admitted that Pac-Man’s shape originated from rounding the Japanese character for mouth, (kuchi). Prior to the interview, he asserted that the shape was based on a pizza with a missing slice.
If the food theme seems a bit heavy, it’s intentional. Iwatani wanted to attract a wider and more feminine audience, so he made the ghosts cute and used eating as a core theme.
Midway created the unauthorized sequel Ms. Pac-Man based on the scraped game Crazy Otto, which was an enhancement of Pac-Man, because they grew impatient waiting for Namco to develop the official sequel, Super Pac-Man.
Because Namco had not officially given Midway consent to develop Ms. Pac-Man, Midway had to give the rights to the game over to Namco. Eventually, Namco made the game officially part of the Pac-Man series.
Super Pac-Man replaced the pellet-eating mechanic with collecting keys to open doors, which in turn unlocked access to foods Pac-Man had to eat to win the level.
The ghosts in Pac-Man have both Japanese and English names. The English names are Blinky (Red), Pinky (Pink), Inky (Blue), and Clyde (Orange). The translated Japanese names are Chaser (Red), Ambusher (Pink), (Fickle), and Feigning Ignorance (Orange).
Each enemy displays unique traits. Red chases Pac-Man, Pink and Blue try to be in front of him, and Orange alternates between chasing and staying in the lower left part of the maze.
As you go through the levels, enemies become faster while Pac-Man slows down.
Certain levels have intermissions after them, such as between level 2 and level 3, which shows Pac-Man chasing Blinky. Think of them as the 80’s version of cutscenes from modern-day games.
The last playable level is 255, with level 256 being an unwinnable glitch-fest. The maze on the right side of the screen disappears, replaced by random characters and symbols.
Each level contains 240 pellets and Pac-Man becomes slower with each pellet he eats.
Pac-Man can turn faster than the ghosts. A ghost must be in the middle of a corner or intersection to change directions while Pac-Man can turn slightly before reaching the middle.
The ghosts have two different modes, Scatter and Chase. They switch between the two at predetermined times. To spot the switch, pay attention to when they reverse direction. For the first level, the first two phases are Scatter for seven seconds then Chase for 20. For the third phase, they scatter for five seconds then chase for 20. After the third phase, the ghosts Scatter for five seconds and permanently stay in Chase.
There is a glitch that allows Pac-Man to sometimes move right through a ghost without having to eat the power pellets. See this video for a demonstration.
The effect that power pellets give Pac-Man last shorter durations as the player progresses in levels.
Pac-Man Championship Edition was Iwatani’s last game before his retirement and released on Xbox Live Arcade June 6, 2007. A day before its release, a Pac-Man tournament was held in New York City with ten competitors from around the world.
The ghosts in Pac-Man move in predetermined patterns that can be learned. It is possible to play the game and completely avoid them.
Billy Mitchell achieved the highest possible Pac-Man score of 3,333,360 in 1999. Since then other several players have achieved it.
Now players compete for the fastest completion time, which Dave Race of Ohio set at 3 hours, 33 minutes and 12.69 seconds in 2012.
Pac-Man and Clyde have cameos in the Disney movie Wreck-It Ralph. Pac-Man can be seen at Fix-It Felix’s 30th anniversary party while Clyde shows up in a group therapy session for villains.
The upcoming Adam Sandler movie Pixels features a short scene showing gameplay as well as another scene with a giant three-dimensional Pac-Man.
Hanna-Barbera produced an animated Pac-Man cartoon that aired from 1982 to 1983. Marty Ingels voiced Pac-Man while future Optimus Prime voice actor Peter Cullen voiced Pac-Man’s cat Sour Puss.
In business, the strategy when a company threatened with a hostile takeover acquires the would-be buyer instead is called the Pac-Man defense.
The Guinness World Records Book 2010 Edition named Pac-Man the most recognizable video game character of all time, with 94% of Americans knowing him.
In addition to naming Pac-Man the most recognizable character, Guinness also named the game Pac-Man the most successful coin-operated game ever.
Pac-Man the character shows up in TRON during the scene where Sark gives orders to an underling. Check out the scene on YouTube.
During development, the president of Namco wanted the all the ghosts to be red and pressured Iwatani to make the change. However, beta testers preferred different colors for the ghosts and Iwatani successfully pushed back.
Whenever Pac-Man eats a regular pellet, he slows down for one frame. Since the game renders at 60 FPS, he stops moving for 1/60th of a second every time he eats regular pellets.
In the first 15 months of its US release, over 100,000 Pac-Man arcade cabinets were sold by Midway.
The music duo Buckner & Garcia recorded an album named Pac-Man Fever. Their single of the same name reached #9 on the Billboard Hot 100 in March 1982.
On April Fools’ Day 2015, Google Maps let users play Pac-Man using the real-world map as the grid.
To celebrate the 35 years since Pac-Man was released, we delve into the game's history and present you with 35 fun facts about the round yellow hero.
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Overview... the son of an English servant working for the aristocratic Tallis family, with whom Robbie grew up, at the beginning of the 20th century. He was practically treated as one of the children, and fostered close relationships with daughters Cecilia and Briony Tallis. Cecilia is Robbie’s age, and now that they are young adults, their relationship has become a bit more romantically complicated, as has Robbie’s relationship with the younger Briony, who is now discovering boys for the first time.
Personality... dashing, educated, and clumsy. Robbie doesn’t know how to express his newfound feelings for Cecilia in person, so he turns to writing her a letter. But that doesn’t mean Robbie is afraid to make a move via the written word. He’s the kind of guy who opts for old-fashioned romance. With Robbie, chivalry is still very much alive.
Robbie Turner's popularity ranking on CharacTour is #775 out of 5,000+ characters. See our top-ranked characters and read their profiles.
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Catherine is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, an Honorary member of Faringdon Artists, a member of Marlborough Art Society, Highworth Art Society, Guild of Wiltshire Artists and Purton Artists. Catherine is self taught and paints in pastel, oil, acrylic and watercolour specialising in landscapes of local areas and the Cotswolds. She has produced work for Limited Edition prints and has recently undertaken a number of commissions for the Oman Royal Estate's, two of which were for the private residence of the Sultan of Oman.
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These shoes give me blisters!
A blister is a thin swelling on the skin that contains liquid, like the ones you get from friction or burning. Anything that looks like that—for example, an air bubble in paint—is also called a blister. Blister is also a verb that means ‘to cause to swell’ or ‘to get a blister.’ Figuratively, it means ‘to be subject to really intense heat’ and, informally, to blister means ‘to criticize severely’ or ‘to punish’.
Oliver was left with blisters after spilling boiling water on his hand.
There are blisters in the paint where it has been exposed to the sun.
These new shoes have blistered my heels.
Karen's skin blistered as a result of her sunburn.
A heatwave is currently blistering the south of the country.
The boss blistered the team for their poor performance.
Everyone has had a blister at one time or another, and those of you who practice sports probably get them more or less often, since they can easily be caused by friction when there is a bit of moisture. Activities like long-distance running or hiking, in particular, make blisters so common that even the pros get them. There are many recommendations to avoid blisters, and these include making sure your shoes fit comfortably, putting petroleum jelly on your skin to prevent friction, or putting tape on the inside of a shoe if there is a spot that irritates your skin. If you do get a blister, what should you do? Some people like draining the fluid out, while other do not. Doctors say that it depends on where the blister is, and whether it will still be subjected to friction. One thing they all agree on, however, is that draining a blister can make infection easier, so you should never do it yourself with unsanitary materials.
A blister, or blister pack, is a small covering of plastic, usually affixed to a piece of cardboard, foil, or flat plastic, and containing a small item, as a pen, bolt, or medicinal pill, like this one.
Blister dates back to the mid-13th century, in the form of the Middle English noun blister or blester. Linguists are unsure how it came into the English language. Some think it came through the Old French noun blestre (bump, lump, or blister), but originated in a Scandinavian language, such as Old Norse, where blǣstri, was the dative of blāstr (swelling). Others “cut out the middle-man,” and think it’s more likely that the term came directly from Old Norse or another Scandinavian language into English. A third group points to the Middle Dutch blyster (swelling) as the possible origin. In any case, the word can be traced back to the Proto-Indo-European root bhlei- (to blow, to swell), which also gave us the English words blast and blow. The verb comes from the noun, and first appeared in the late 15th century, meaning ‘to become covered in blisters.’ This meaning expanded to ‘raise blisters on something’ in the mid-16th century. The figurative senses quickly followed.
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The first graders in Kristi Zoerhof's class at Bentheim Elementary each have their own Sony Android tablet.
This spring the class studied the metamorphosis of caterpillars into butterflies. Kristi sent the students daily pictures via Chirp and then by using the Skitch app, each student annotated his or her observations. Students then built beautiful journals of the entire process in the Book Creator app.
By using real pictures and annotation tools, students were able to create truly scientific products as opposed to the old cartoonish drawings they used to make in their science journals. The depth of exploration and knowledge displayed is fascinating.
A year ago, Kristi tried this project as part of a pilot with Sony. That class organized findings in Pic Collage. Employing Book Creator has taken it to a completely new level as the app creates an ePub readable on many electronic devices. To share it here I had to convert the .ePub in Zamzar to a PDF and upload it to Issuu.
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I often meet people who are just starting out as stock market investors but have no idea where to begin.
Then there are others who have been investors for some time, but are still clueless about taking their next, and the next step.
If this is the case with you as well, here are 6 simple things that you must keep in mind as you enter the stock market.
These are in fact the 6 lessons that I have learnt the hard way over the years. But you must not go through the same cycle, and these lessons will help you be safe, and emerge successful, in your investment journey.
The stock market is primarily moved by perception and emotion far more than reality or logic.
So invest in what you see, not what you think you should or want to see.
One big truth about investing is that ‘beating the market’ is not a sensible, proper goal.
‘Beating the market’ is just a whim. The reality is that your core goal must not be to beat the market, but to meet your financial goals with comfort.
Trying to beat the market is like climbing onto a treadmill that never stops. It eventually exhausts you, and you come flying off it.
It is my strong belief that information overload and noise acts as a big hindrance to most investors in achieving their full potential. So the first first step is to stop watching all business TV.
In addition, to perform better this year, you must stop wasting time on seeking out advice and opinions that only serve the interests of the advisors.
Instead, learn the simple rules of investing yourself, do some hard work in analyzing companies, have patience, and you’ll do much better than most of the advisors out there.
Not everyone can be a long-term investor because it requires discipline and patience that not many people have. So, figure out how much time you can devote, what skills you already have, and formulate an investment strategy that works best for you.
There’s no point in copying others, for you are unique, and so must be your investment style.
One of the most important traits of successful investors is that they recognize the frequency with which they can get ‘clean bowled’ – and thus they have a plan in place to deal with such situations.
I have been a stock market analyst and an investor for the past nine years. And, to say the least, I have been rather frequently – and on occasion, quite spectacularly – wrong. But that is something I always expect to be.
“I don’t look to jump over 7-foot bars: I look around for 1-foot bars that I can step over,” said the master investor Warren Buffett.
Buffett follows the concept of ‘circle of competence’ while searching for businesses he would like to invest in. In simple terms, your circle of competence with respect to investing defines your understanding about certain businesses.
The businesses that you understand fall within the circle, and the ones you don’t understand fall outside it. Also, you don’t have to be an expert on every company, or even many. You only have to be able to evaluate companies within your circle of competence.
So look for simple businesses that you can understand (the 1-foot bars) instead of worrying about how you can understand a complex business (7-foot bar), when the people running the show themselves don’t understand it!
Its not always true that the business we understand will make money for us.
To quote one example-I am from Hyderabad, Deccan Chronicle is the News paper which we all used to read in our school, hostel, college libraries. It’s the newspaper which i get at my home everyday and if someone happens to look for DC after 10AM, he hardly gets it.
Simple business which i understand, 90% of the people and places i know gets and reads DC.
But, this is the only stock which is showing around 35% loss in my portfolio…LOL.
Just interested to know the list of a few stocks, which satisfy your investiment objectives; namely Capital protection (i.e. no downward movement of stock price at all) and Capital appreciation (i.e. it has only upward movement). Is it possible in real life situation?
Nice article Vishal, gives a perspective to novice investors. Turn off the noise and Patience would be the two most important things an investor needs to focus on, ofcourse after selecting a value stock.
@RichFellow I think you have misinterpreted the term “understanding the business”. If you try to re-understand (if that’s the right word) the same DC business using Vishal’s StockTalk method, you will understand better. It could also be possible that you actually understood the business and bought over intrinsic value.
1. Know your risk taking capability and your asset allocation ratio. Dont fix your asset allocation ratio based on market condtion (Bulls or Bears).
2. Know your investment goals, target and time frame to achieve that. Driving without knowing the destination is meaningless.
3. Know your investment vehicle to acheive item.2 above.
4. Direct Stock Investing is not the only way to achieve your goals. There are many other investment vehicle available like MF, FD, PPF, Gold etc.
5. Do understand how much risk and return is there in each of those investment vehicle, before you choose to invest in them.
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In my world, soup is not a meal. Don’t get me wrong, I love soup, but it’s a prelude to a meal or something you eat *with* your meal.
Put all the vegetables, the chicken broth (or water and bouillon), parsley, salt, and pepper in the crock pot. Cover and cook on low 10-12 hours (or on high 4-5 hours). Stir in evaporated milk during last hour. Add thickening of cornstarch & water during last 10 minutes, stir until thickened (like 10-15 minutes for me). Serve with grated cheese and crumbled bacon.
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A genuinely eco-friendly product from K&M.
Get space saving, convenient and secure support with this innovative, pro-level wall mounted violin holder. The violin is safely secured at the base of the peg box on velvet like, protective padding, not on the pegs. Includes a convenient bow holder as well. Premium quality. Maximum durability. Made in Germany. 5 Year Limited Warranty.
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SAN RAMON, Calif. — Oct. 23, 2017 — xMatters (www.xmatters.com), the integration-driven collaboration platform that relays data between systems while engaging the right people, today announced they have been selected by FORTUNE and Great Place to Work as one of 2017’s Best Medium Workplaces. xMatters earned this credential based on extensive ratings provided by its employees in anonymous surveys.
This ranking considered 74,000 surveys from employees at hundreds of businesses in all sectors of the economy. xMatters earned a spot on this list based on co-workers’ assessment of the camaraderie, leadership, fairness, rewards and career opportunities enjoyed by all in their workplace.
The Best Small & Medium Workplaces is one of a series of rankings by Great Place to Work and FORTUNE based on research into employee feedback from Great Place to Work-Certified™ organizations. xMatters also ranked #1 as a Best Workplace for Medium Technology Workplaces by Great Place to Work and FORTUNE in 2016.
For more information on xMatters, please visit http://reviews.greatplacetowork.com/xmatters.
xMatters enhances collaboration by relaying relevant data between key systems while engaging the right people to proactively resolve issues. This integration-driven approach enables enterprises to avoid costly incidents, prevent outages, and streamline DevOps processes. For any given situation, xMatters automatically identifies the appropriate individuals or group and empowers them to take action. With over 200 integrations across a wide range of IT tools, xMatters is used by individual teams for day-to-day tasks, and across thousands of teams at Global 2000 companies working together at enterprise scale. Founded in 2000, xMatters is headquartered in San Ramon, CA, with additional offices worldwide. For more info, visit www.xmatters.com.
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All Vendors chevron_right G&A Marketing, Inc.
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G&A Marketing is proudly celebrating our 20th Anniversary. 20 Years of Better. G&A Marketing, Inc. is an automotive staffed event, advertising, training and consulting company that is far from ordinary.
We understand that no dealership is “cookie cutter”, which is why G&A Marketing’s ever growing array of products and services are customized to address each dealer’s unique needs.
Want to increase dealership traffic? We’ve got ads for that.
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No matter what you’re looking to accomplish, G&A Marketing can create a personalized strategy that will help you get where you want to go.
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The most interesting after the first course of the outpatient treatment was the magic stimulus to his psycho-motor development: he began to roll-over from his belly to back and from the back to the belly. Spasticity was diminished. Muscle tone in the right side of the body was considerably decreased by the eleventh session. A hyperactive grasp reflex keeping his right hand in a tight fist was eliminated. He was able to walk, use his right hand, his energy improved, and he felt better overall. His symptoms were decreased to one-fifth or even less.
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Capital Gain simply means “Appreciation in the value of asset”. Let?s say you bought few shares of Reliance for Rs. 1 lakh and sells it for Rs.2 lakhs, you have made a Capital Gain Rs. 1 lakh. This capital gain comes under the purview of Income Tax Act and is taxable under the head of Capital Gain.
The applicable rate of tax is decided by the period of holding, i.e. short term and long term.
Before Diving into the taxation part first we want to attract our reader?s attention towards the meaning of both types of Mutual Fund.
Equity mutual fund means a fund where the investible corpus is invested by way of equity shares in Indian companies to the extent of more than 65% of the total proceeds of the fund, so even balanced funds will be categorized in Equity Funds.
All the other funds which do not fit into the definition of Equity Mutual Funds, including Fund of Funds (mutual funds which invests in other funds) and International Funds (funds which have more than 35% exposure to international equities) will be kept under debt category for tax purpose.
The Capital Gain is divided into two parts according to holding period.
Long Term Capital Gain:?If the holding period of Mutual Fund exceeds 1 year, then it is categorized as Long Term asset and there will be no tax at the time of redemption of mutual fund units. Suppose you invested 1 lakh in UTI Mutual Fund and sold it after 1 year for Rs. 1.4 lacs, then there will be no tax on the appreciated value of UTI fund of Rs. 40,000.
LTCG is tax-free for equity mutual funds under section 10(38).
Short Term Capital Gain:?If the mutual funds are held for less than 1 year i.e. you bought and sold mutual fund within a year, then it is categorized under Short Term asset and the Capital Gain arises shall be taxable @ 15% under section 111A of Income Tax Act.
In the above example, if you had sold UTI fund within 1 year then there will be tax liability of Rs.6,000 (15% on Rs.40,000) as Short Term Capital Gain.
Note for NRIs:?Long Term Capital Gain is also exempted for NRIs but in case of Short Term Capital Gain there will be a TDS (tax deducted at source). Which means Tax will be deducted by Mutual Fund Company before paying redemption (sell) amount, which is 15%.
Short Term Capital Gain:?The gain arises due to redemption of debt mutual fund within 3 year (earlier 1 year) shall be added in the income of investor and tax will be charged at the rate according to the tax slab.
Suppose Mr. Sanyam has Income from house property Rs. 3 lacs and income from debt mutual fund Rs. 30,000. Then the total tax shall be 10.30% (10% slab rate + 3% Cess) on Rs.1,30,000 (Rs.3,00,000 + Rs.30,000 ? Rs.2,00,000) i.e. Rs.13,390.
Long Term Capital Gain:?Selling of mutual fund units after holding for 3 years falls in the category of long term but unlike equity mutual funds, the benefit of exemption under section 10(38) is not available in debt mutual fund. Any long term gain arises from the sell/redemption of debt mutual funds shall be taxable at the flat rate of 20% (plus 3% cess) after claiming benefit of?Indexation.
The dividend received in hands of unit holder for an equity mutual fund is completely tax free. The dividend is also tax free to the mutual fund house. This means, the fund house is also not liable to pay any tax on the dividend received. Thus for equity mutual fund, dividend is tax free for both?unit holder and fund house.
The dividend income received by a unit holder on his debt mutual fund is also tax free. But, the mutual fund company has to pay a dividend distribution tax (DDT) before distributing this income to its investors.
Here?s a broad summary table of the information covered in the article above.
365 days or more is Long Term.
3 years or more is Long Term.
It is important to have an understanding of DDT, as it is investors who have to bear burden of such taxes.
For an individual / HUF and NRI, DDT is 13.519% (12.5% + 5% surcharge + 3% cess).
A liquid / Money Market scheme attract more DDT than a normal debt MF, and are taxed at the rate 25 % plus surcharge (5%) and education cess (3%), which effectively amounts to 27.038%.
In addition to DDT, a scheme also pays securities transaction tax at the applicable rates (0.1% for FY12-13) at the time of buying and selling equity shares or derivatives on the recognized stock exchange.
I tried my best to compile all information about taxation of mutual funds,?Please do let me know if you see any errors or have any queries!!!
How Share Trading Activities are Taxed in India?
Article is old with new rules in place. Please update.
To compute capital gains for mutual funds in case of Dividend scheme, how is the dividend income treated?
When the DDT is 15%, Then how is it coming @ 13.519 % and 27.038 % on debt mutual fund and liquid fund respectively.
– I park my excess money (required for equity investment or some near future payments) in Birla Savings Fund-Daily Dividend-Reinvest. As and when I require money, I redeem from it. So my part money remains invested for short period and part money may remain invested over 1 year or more.
a) I guess this scheme falls under 27% DDT (please correct me if I am wrong). So, is it wise to invest under Growth Option or under Daily-Dividend-reinvest ?
b) Is this the best scheme to invest in considering my needs or is there a better scheme ?
To explain my earlier comments, I was comparing equity returns after STT, with the long term post tax returns of debt funds. In the case of long term debt funds, not only you have to pay tax on the capital appreciated but also all the dividends have been significantly taxed in the hands of the MF reducing the benefit. Do you agree with my laymans understanding?
Thank you for such a lucid explanation. As a learning from your explanation, we should try to invest in relatively safer equity investments and aim for modest returns. In such cases, even if the investment is for less than a year, i.e., short term gains scenario, the tax is only 15%, much less than the huge amount of 30% which most senior salary earners fall into. Only one must minimize the risk of the equity value going down significantly by tracking the share and exiting in time in case of downslide.
10% without indexation OR 20% with indexation, plus 3% ess WHICH EVER IS LOWER.
U mentioned that in equity mf holding for less than 1 yr. attracts 15% short term capital gain tax.
Now my query is that suppose my income is less than 2.5 lacs per year say 2 lacs & if i gain 40000 from equity mf & sell within 1 yr. Then i have to pay 6000rs. tax ??? or bcoz my income is still below 2.5 lacs exemption limit, i don’t have to pay any tax ??
If your total taxable income excluding short term gains is less than the minimum income which is chargeable to tax (Rs 2,50,000 for financial year 2015-16) ? you can adjust this shortfall against your short term gains. Remaining short term gains shall be then taxed at 15% + 3% cess on it.
In your case, your total income after adding STCG comes to Rs.2.40 lacs which is below threshold limit of Rs.2.50 lacs, thus no tax has to be paid by you on STCG.
How about tax saver mutual fund? does it will be covered this long \short term capital gain taxes?
Tax Saving Mutual Funds aka ELSS falls under EEE tax rule (Exempt-Exempt-Exempt). No taxes are applicable during Contribution-Accumulation-Withdrawal phases. Investments get tax deduction under Section 80C, so you don?t have to pay tax on the amount invested in the ELSS fund. The capital gains generated by the fund are also exempt from tax as the investments are not withdrawn. Finally, withdrawals are also tax-free because there is no tax payable on long-term capital gains from equity-oriented mutual funds.
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This luxurious salad makes a great light lunch or summer supper for the family. Serve with warm flatbreads. This salad with flatbreads when served as three portions provides 751 kcal, 25g protein, 112g carbohydrate (of which 20g sugars), 23g fat (of which 8g saturates), 10g fibre and 2.2g salt per portion.
Preheat the oven to 200C/180C Fan/Gas 6. Line a baking tray or small roasting tin with aluminium foil.
Put the parsnips and carrots on the baking tray and drizzle over 1 tablespoon of the oil. Season with salt and pepper and roast for 18-20 minutes.
Meanwhile, half-fill a saucepan with water and bring to the boil. Add the bulgur and cook for 6-8 minutes, or until almost tender.
Drizzle the roasted vegetables with the honey and sprinkle with the chilli flakes, turning to coat all over. Return to the oven for a further 10 minutes, or until golden-brown and sticky.
Drain the bulgur and transfer to a large bowl. Stir in the roasted vegetables. Add the lemon juice and most of the parsley and stir again. Season with salt and pepper.
Spoon the bulgur wheat salad onto a serving platter. Sprinkle over the beetroot and goats' cheese. Garnish with the remaining parsley and oil. Serve with flatbreads.
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Gopro Hero5 Black action Camera is seldom used, very much like newwater Proof, voice control, will throw in 32GB Micro SD Card, and Selfie Stick. Very Good condition.
Sell GoPro Hero 4 in set. All items including as per photo you see.
Lost my drone. Selling all other mavic air flymore accessories and addiotnal car battery charger. Used couple of times only.
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Deals with radiation processing as a whole using a chemical perspective. Offers basic information on the procedures taking place and covers radiation dosimetry plus a wide range of actual and potential applications. Provides excellent coverage of radiation processing literature with bibliographies pertaining to key areas of radiation chemistry.
Robert J. Woods and Alexei K. Pikaev are the authors of Applied Radiation Chemistry: Radiation Processing, published by Wiley.
Selected Topics in Radiation Chemistry.
Radiation Sterilization of Medical Products.
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*Balance – Offering balanced viewpoints to allow membership to come to intelligent conclusions about the community and business environment. Appreciating the concepts of education and compromise.
*Quality – We will strive to achieve the highest standard in quality. In our standards, in our recruitment efforts, in our outgoing messages, in our staffing.
*Collaborative – We will welcome all opportunities for inclusion in meeting the needs of our members and of our community. We will, at all times, work towards a common vision.
*Member-Focused – We believe our membership is the foundation for our existence and we will strive to provide an environment that contributes to the individual and collective successes of our members.
*Leadership and Integrity – We will be true to our role as a business leader in the community and region and through our values, will remember that our goal is to do what is right for our membership and the community.
New small Cleaning business. Needing business & a go to person ( mentor).
The offer is open to stop in at 403 N. Old Statesville Road to talk about your business and see if our Chamber can help. Any weekday morning from 9-12.
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Large collection of c. 197 Jewish/Yiddish-related sheet music. Mostly American.
Includes approx. 20 duplicates. Original pictorial wrappers, some wear, few torn. All sm. folio.
New York (handful London and Warsaw): 20th-century.
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India a country with different faces. It is a budle of contradictions. Just like from the 'Tale of Two Cities' of Charles Dickins "There is absolute poverty and There is absolute prosperity... There are Multiplexes.. There are Slums ..." Here we provide some key statistical facts of India and how it stands in the race of Millenium Development Goals.
More than 456 million people of India are poor taking the international standards. They have no access to the basic necessities of life. They don't have enough resources to feed their children.
In India 400 million people are just above the poverty line and they are vulnerable to any sort of crisis. It is this sector that gets hurt the most due to price fluctuations. They cut on their calories to buffer the price fluctuations.
India has a very major role to play in the world scenario. For example the generic drugs roduced by which are quiet cheap compared to that of developed countries can save millions of lives of under developed countries. Steps taken by India to mitigate climate change, how to run the development sustaiably and how to save environment can guide the other developing countries.
The progress of India towards Millenium Development goals(MDG) is given here in brief.
The proportion of people living below the international poverty line has been decreasing, but not fast enough to meet this MDG target. And even meeting the target would still leave around 250 million in poverty in 2015.
India is likely to meet the primary education targets as there has been a big rise in enrolment of primary school children. The focus is now on improving the poor quality of the education they are getting.
Girls’ enrolment in school is growing faster than boys’, but a significant gender gap remains at the secondary level. Only 8.3% of seats in the Indian Parliament are held by women.
The percentage of children under 3 who are underweight has fallen but remains very high at 40%. Accelerated efforts to reduce infant deaths will be required to meet this goal.
India is failing to achieve the target to reduce the number of deaths among women before, during and shortly after childbirth. Currently only 48% of births are attended by skilled attendants.
Relatively good progress is being made in controlling communicable diseases. Polio is close to eradication, India is on track to achieve the TB MDG and HIV/AIDS infection has been kept below a rate of 0.5%.
Further to this, we have been encouraging better co-ordination among donors and more effective leadership by the government in the prevention of HIV/AIDS.
India is showing mixed progress on environmental, water and sanitation targets. Only 33% of the population has access to improved sanitation, and India is the fourth largest emitter of greenhouse gases.
One element of this MDG is access to communications technology. From 2000 to 2006, according to the UN, the number of people in India with a mobile phone subscription rose dramatically from 0.35 per 100 to 14.83.
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Freshman Andrew Janzen has a unique living situation. He resides in Pennington Room 205, which happens to be the exact same room his father, Tim Janzen, lived in for two years (1979-80).
Tim Goodfellow, the Director of Housing, said Andrew’s room assignment was pure coincidence. Interesting circumstances like this happen occasionally, he said, but never on purpose. “If we actually tried to do things like that, we’d never succeed,” he said.
I'm the Creative Content Manager at George Fox University. I like the color blue, jiu-jitsu and great stories!
Amazing! I like that now the entire room is taken over by Janzens!
We both lived in Penn that same year!
I cannot wait until my son goes to Fox. If he gets the same room I was in, that’d be awesome.
How fun is that! Nice pic and great story!
wow oh wow…thats a walk back into the past! Those beds look the same as they did in 79-80!
Even more amazing- It looks the same as my room did back in the 60’s. Is his room always that neat?
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TELOMERES ARE THE ONLY BIOLOGICAL CLOCK KNOWN AT THIS TIME….
SIMILAR TO THE PLASTIC END OF OUR SHOELACE THAT PROTECTS THE LACE FROM COMING APART, THE TELOMERE PROTECTS OUR DNA.
**TOXINS INDUCE THE EXPRESSION OF DISEASE PROMOTING GENES AND THE REDUCTION OF HEALTH PROMOTING GENES.
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18K Yellow Gold Fireworks Charm Baguette Choker. White Diamond Baguettes Total Weight of 5.35ct. Baguettes are set on our Signature Fireworks Setting.
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Salvador is the capital of the Northern state of Bahia, well known for its beautiful tranquil beaches. Originally founded as the capital of Brazil in 1549 by the Portuguese during the slave trade, the city still holds a lot of the colonial charm and architecture, much of which has been restored to attract tourists. Although the city is now known for having rather high crime, it is still a treat to the eyes, as well as having one of the best celebrations for carnival in Brazil. The majority of Brazilians actually say that the carnival in Salvador is better than Rio’s because it is more inclusive. The city’s Pelourinho area also gained recognition in Michael Jackson’s ‘They Don’t Care About Us’ music video, where the locals and music group Olodum feature in one of the main squares. Bahia is the main producer and exporter of cocoa in Brazil, so you should definitely visit a nearby cocoa farm or factory.
This guide only covers highlights. View all neighborhoods of Salvador.
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Dont know which one was worse the story or the Narrator. Did not enjoy at all.
I enjoyed this book but I’ve read better books by this author. The narrator was great at the British accents but her American accent was terrible. I can imagine it really grating on some people.
A cleverly written story that made me giggle out loud in parts which was a nice balance to the sad bits; the story line wasn't as predictable as you might originally think. The mixed American accent had me cringing a bit unfortunately. But overall a good book.
You know how sometimes you want to just listen to a good story? Not a murder mystery, not a Sci Fi thriller, just a nice story. This is it. OK, it's a love story, but it's well written, there's a bit of adventure and several laugh out loud moments. It was one of those books where I looked for ways to find alone time to listen because I couldn't wait to hear what happened next. I hope you enjoy it as much as I did.
Really lovely book. If your looking for a book with a quick start and a few twist and turns along the way this is for you. Well read and very easy to listen too.
This is one of the 1st carole Matthews books I read, so was excited to find out it was on audio. Haven't read it in ages so couldn't remember the plot straight away. But now listening to it I remember its good book to listen to while going for my walks , and Julia Barrie brings the books alive.I'm slowly buying all carole audio books as loving reading them but never get enough hours in the day to read.. so downloading a audio is great..
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NuMind births the era of a new way of thinking and supplementing the brain.
NuMind is a totally new way of supplementing nutrients that provide food for the brain as well as aiding the balance of the brain.
When we eat food, we (should) consume whole foods. This means when you eat an apple, you eat the whole apple, not just one of the ingredients found in apple like, pectin. Although pectin may be a good substance, the body better utilise it when the pectin is in it’s original food matrix.
In a similar way, the brain utilise nutrients better when they are in a food matrix.
NuMind contains a blend of food matrix nutrients with extra single nutrients supported by the food matrix, to meet the demands we place on our brains in a modern age.
In a modern age when we need to focus, remember, multi-task, be calm and collected, have the energy for marriage and children, and still be able to have restful sleep, NuMind slots in to help the brain do what is much needed.
These provide the direct food for neurotransmitter functioning in a unique potent blend to fuel the brain, enhance focus, enhance logical thinking, enhance memory, enhance and balance mood.
NuMind is packed in a glass bottle for ultimate preservation till used and comes in 60 Veggi Caps.
Use one or two capsules as needed or as prescribed by your natural health practitioner. Because NuMind contains a blend of amino acids, it would be more effective if taken on an empty stomach.
Drink lots of pure water.
When taking a new natural supplement, it is bound to detoxify a unique area of your body (the brain in this case) which may lead to slight headache or nausea in the first week of usage. This should pass in about a week after the supplement is first used, and is considdered a normal detox reaction of the body. Should the detox effect be to severe, discontinue for a day or two after reintroducing - this gives the body time to process the toxins.
Do not use this supplement if you are allergic to any of the ingredients.
© CHEYNE’S 2016 All our products are natural, not medicine, and has thus not been evaluated by the Medical Control Council of SA and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
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Soccer Nova Scotia congratulate all players who were selected for the provincial program May-June weekends & Atlantic Championships 2019.
Soccer Nova Scotia offices are closed Wednesday, February 27 for staff training. We will have limited access to email at this time.
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Drake Releases 4 New Tracks For Fans - Wait...Wait...Whut!?!
Aubrey AKA Drake gave his fans a treat early this morning releasing 4 tracks on his October’s Own website. He announced that his new album entitled ‘Nothing Was The Same’ will debut on September 17. Drake stated that the album was inspired by Marvin Gaye’s 1978 double album ‘Here My Dear’ in GQ.
Drake is featured on “Versace” by Migos and “Over Here” by Party Next Door. Drake also shared two new songs of his own “The Motion” featuring Samba and “Jodeci Freestyle”. I like a lot much of Drake’s material and I am interested to see what he has in store with this offering.
Will you be purchasing Drake’s new album on September 17?
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SATConsult relies upon 15 full-time employees and independent consultants working on an exclusive basis with us. These satellite industry experts with strong credentials, hands-on experience and expertise cover all technical, business and contractual fields of satellite-based telecommunications and remote sensing.
Moreover, SATConsult is conducting missions with over 30 additional high-profile satellite professionals with each of whom we have built robust working relationships over the years. This network enables SATConsult to access specialists of specific fields and to ensure both reactivity and flexibility to its customers.
Vincent Astier is a Senior Consultant on satellite, platform and launch systems. Over 15 years working in the space industry and services, he handled vehicle design, manufacturing, test & operations, managed project, customer and subcontractors in the frame of production and qualification programs on both launcher and satellite.
Since joining SATConsult in 2014, Vincent works as the Resident Program Manager monitoring for the Qatar Armed Forces the manufacturing & testing in Mitsubishi Electric (Kamakura, Japan) of the Es’hail-2 communication satellite, with a focus on the encrypted TCR design, the QAF Payload operations and particularly deeply involved in the analysis of the Falcon 9 launcher interface, Eshail-2 being the first DS2000 platform launched by Space X. In parallel, as Senior Consultant on satellite, platform and launch systems, he provided support to several bids, tender phase (platform and Satellite on Turksat 5 A/5B, lead of launch services procurement for Telkom 4 with Space X, Ariane 5, H2A and Atlas V), advanced studies and monitoring (back office support for design reviews on platform/crypto TCR on the ADD K-Milsat 1 in ADS), as well as performing technical training course. Internally, Vincent manages the generic contractual documentation used for Satcom RFP (tender and monitoring).
Previously to joining SATConsult, Vincent worked for MDA Information System, as Satellite System Engineer and Head of the Representative Office in ISS Reshetnev. In the first part of his career, Vincent worked for the launcher industry (Airbus) and for the launch services (Starsem, Arianespace) where he managed the technical procurement and operation of the Soyuz-Fregat launch vehicle.
Vincent has a Master of Electrical Engineering from the French Engineering school “Ecole Superieure d’Electricite - SupElec” with a major in Signal Processing, Information and Measurement Systems. He speaks fluently French, English and Russian.
Björn Buckwalter is a Satellite Platform & Operations Expert at SATConsult. In his 8 years of consulting in both front and back office he has supported SATConsult’s customers in satellite procurement, program monitoring, and satellite operations activities.
Since working with SATConsult in 2009, Björn has supported program monitoring in front offices at satellite manufacturers in France, Japan, and Russia, and from the back office. He has supported satellite RFP preparation, bid evaluations, and negotiations. He has supported and provided training and mentoring in satellite operations engineering and flight dynamics activities. Finally, he has performed custom software development in support of operations and analyses.
Prior to working with SATConsult, Björn worked at Intelsat and the Swedish Space Corporation (SSC), where he was exposed to a wide spectrum of satellite designs and operations concepts.
Björn has held leading roles in satellite operations, analysis, software development, training, and in the implementation of new satellite programs. Björn has a Master of Science degree in Space and Satellite Engineering.
Jerome Colinas is a Satcom and Earth Observation Expert with more than 17 years in the aerospace industry. Jerome is a lead Systems Engineer as well as a Project Manager with experience in design, manufacturing and testing of Earth Observation and communication payloads as well as TT&C bus subsystems and ground segments. Jerome’s field of expertise covers: airborne radar and its processor, Synthetic Aperture Radar, meteorological imager, bent-pipe and regenerative communication payloads, digital channelizer, antenna coverage for FSS and BSS services and high-throughput satellite systems, TT&C sub-systems, high-throughput downlink sub-systems, ground segments, ground stations, antenna designs, orbit and space radiation analysis and planetary communication protocols and encryption technology.
Jerome has been working since 2001 at the Canadian Space Agency on the space and ground segment of the Canadian Radarsat Constellation Mission and the Canadian Enhanced Satellite Communication Polar Defence mission. Jerome spent a sabbatical year in 2007 and 2008 working at Eutelsat on the development of various communication satellites such as W2A, W3B, W3, Ka-sat.
Jerome is the author of several scientific papers in electromagnetism and synthetic Aperture Radar technologies.
Prior to joining the Canadian Space Agency, Jerome worked at Gemalto as a Software Engineer developing electronic payment applications using smartcards. Jerome also worked as a software Designer on the radar of an Air-Defense Anti-tank System, a short range dual purpose missile system, at Rheinmetal (formerly Oerlikon).
Jerome holds an Engineering Degree in Engineering Physics and a Master’s degree in Electrical Engineering from Ecole Polytechnique of Montreal. Jerome has also followed the PMP certification training as well as the International Project Management training at the NASA APL institute.
Roland Cusworth is a Ground Segment Expert at SATConsult. He has over 24 years working in the satellite ground segment sector, he has advised on a wide range of clients including commercial and government actors on the procurement and installation of satellite ground segment.
Since working with SATConsult in February 2017, he has been the Ground Segment Manager on the procurement of K-Milsat 1 satellite for Korea Agency for Defense Development (ADD). This job encompasses reviewing all ground satellite system related documentation for the K-Milsat 1 project, attending interface control document, preliminary design reviews, critical design review, site survey, factory acceptance tests and site acceptance tests meetings and ensuring ADD CONOPs are being met.
Prior to working with SATConsult, Roland worked at Telesat for more than 20 years playing a leading role in the design, development and support of satellite control system of Telesat in-house and procurement of a commercial satellite fleet control system for Telesat. His expertise has been subsequently turned to the provision of consulting services. He has extensive and practical familiarity with satellite control systems, TT&C, IOT, CSM, application h/w, s/w and operations including their features and limitations, relative strengths and weaknesses. He led ground segment for a number of projects including, but not limited to, all Thor projects with Telenor, Measat 3, Yahsat 1A, Telkom 2, Telkom 3 and, most recently NBN Co. Yahsat 1A, Thor7, Mexsat 1-3 and NBN 1A (Skymuster) have HTS components. His extensive experience with Telesat’s in-house through his consulting work makes his knowledges of commercial satellite control systems, possibly unparalleled within the satellite consulting community.
Roland has a Ph.D. and a Master of Applied Science in Aerospace Engineering from Toronto University in Toronto.
Jacques Neron is a Senior Technical Consultant on communication satellite system, payloads and platform. With thirty years of experience in space industry at satellite system level, he is specialized in engineering, proposal management, project management, product development.
With SATConsult, he has worked as an Expert at all stages of communication satellite programmes. From the start of project at the phase of generating the performance requirements, based on customer objectives, applicable regulation and filing and mission targets, he contributes to the evaluation of proposals and negotiations and also monitor the design development construction and test up to the launch and in orbit acceptance of the spacecraft. Jacques is now part of SATConsult team, acting as resident supporting the construction monitoring of K-Milsat 1. He was also actively involved in the support to procurement mission (Turksat 5A and 5B), with a major focus on the multibeam mission which was developed for the programme.
Previously, at Astrium/Airbus Defense and Space he participated during 20 years in the development of Eurostar platforms (2000+ and 3000), and as core team member to the Hot Bird Plus series of satellites for Eutelsat, as well as to the Yahsat 1A and 1B as satellite project manager. He also spent two years as an internal consultant, providing expertise in these fields and acquiring dedicated expertise in specific activities such as training, coaching and interim management.
Jacques holds an Engineer degree from ISAE SUPAREO (Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l’Aéronautique et de l’Espace) in Toulouse, France.
Kevin O’Brien is a Ground Segment & Operations Expert providing programme management support to SATConsult primarily in the area of Satcom ground facilities. Kevin has over 30 years of experience in the satellite communications sector.
Since working with SATConsult from 2011, Kevin has principally been involved in satellite communications ground procurement projects for a Middle East client. He has a wide range of expertise covering all aspects of Anchor stations and multiple users’s terminals, payload monitoring and network control centres.
Kevin also provides Subject Matter Expert (SME) support to management audits of satellite operations. Kevin has also recently overseen the procurement and implementation of a radio monitoring system for a country regulator covering all satellite bands, consisting of multiple receive antennas, mobile antenna reception, interference location, and associated control centres.
Previously to working with SATConsult, Kevin worked in Eutelsat’s Operations Department for 16 years in a variety of roles, including the Head of the Communications Systems Control centre, responsible for all Satcom services on Eutelsat satellites.
Kevin has a Bachelor of Science (Hons) degree in Applied Physics and Electronics from the National University of Ireland in Galway.
Jean-Claude Philippe, who retired in 2015, is a System Engineering Expert. He started in 2016 a part-time consultancy activity as a Senior Consultant assisting the customer for the procurement of a turn-key optical LEO remote sensing space system.
Prior his retirement, Jean-Claude has worked for 35 years in the space domain mainly in technical and managerial positions in an international environment on remote sensing programmes with optical and microwave payloads, in both LEO and GEO environments. He acts both as customer of major European contractor and service providers, as partner of the European Space Agency and in a major European contractor as a supplier for another major European Contractor.
Jean-Claude also acted as a part time teacher (for 2nd year students) in French Engineering schools in Analog/Digital electronics and control theory and Digital electronics and control theory.
Previously, he worked for 20 years, in EUMETSAT (European International Organisation for Operation of Weather satellites), he had several responsibility on the Meteosat 2nd Generation Programme, procurement of the space segment (4 satellites and launch services), then in addition the space system engineering, integration and verification, then as a Deputy Programme Manager. He also supported the early phases of the design/procurement of the Meteosat 3rd generation. Jean-Claude also worked for 10 years in Airbus Defense & Space, he had several responsibility on the ESA remote sensing project, microwave Earth observation satellites: Platform AIT/AIV Manager, Satellite AIT Manager, Platform System Engineer, and Project Manager.
Jean-Claude holds Engineering degrees from the Paris Polytechnique School and from the Toulouse ISAE (Institut Supérieur de l’Aéronautique et de l’Espace).
Emmanuel Sein is an Optic and Optical Instrumentation Expert. He is an independent Consultant since 2017. He has spent 37 years in the Space Optics Design and development for both scientific and remote sensing programs. His expertise is mainly focused on advanced development, design, development of flight opto-mechanical equipment. His expertise covers all the different types of space instruments either very large and stable scientific instrument or passive and active remote sensing instruments (including Lidar and space laser). He participates to the development of Space Optical Communication Systems.
Prior his retirement, mid 2017, Emmanuel was Head of the Opto-mechanical Department in Space Instrumentation Division of Airbus Defence & Space (Toulouse). He was in charge of the design and the development of all the opto-mechanical equipments of the ADS programs for both scientific and remote sensing applications. In addition, he was responsible of performances tests of the space instruments prior launching. As Head of Opto-mechanical Department, he participated to the development of all the AIRBUS space instruments. He worked on remote sensing Airbus internal funded programs (PLEIADE NEO, Spot 6&7), ESA projects (SEVIRI, ALADIN, GAIA, HERSCHEL telescope, ATLID, SENTINEL 2, EUCLID), CNES Projects (SPOT 4&5, HRV instrument, HRS, IASI, Microcarb), remote sensing export projects (Taiwan, Thailand, Korea, Algeria, Chile, Vietnam, Kazakhstan, Peru) and Space Optical Communication System SILEX for ESA/CNES and LOLA system for French MOD. He joined ADS team (formerly MATRA-ESPACE) as System Engineer of optical communication system called SILEX in 1987. He started his career as Optical Engineer in CNES in charge of advanced studies in remote sensing telescope and optical communications system (prior SILEX program).
Emmanuel holds a Master degree in Optical Engineering from Ecole Supérieure d’Optique (Orsay-Palaiseau) and a PHD in Chemical Physics from Bordeaux University in France.
Jean-Louis Soula capitalizes on 38 years of experience in the space industry. He is a highly qualified Expert in satellite system, antenna and repeater with a focus on payload design, assembly, integration and tests. He is today supporting coordination activities in the frame of satellite construction monitoring with SATConsult. His most recent assignments include the coordination of SATConsult monitoring team for TurkmenSat program and participation to Koreasat 5A & 7 satellite on site construction monitoring.
Since working with SATConsult in 2010, Jean-Louis has conducted several consulting missions for different customers like QAF (Qatar Armed forces), Government of Turkmenistan, at monitoring management level and support to Koreasat customer team in satellite manufacturer premises. In addition Jean-Louis gave large support in RFP preparation and industrial response evaluation for several telecommunication satellite future operators and preparation of training courses for dedicated customer like QAF.
Previously to working with SATConsult, Jean-Louis worked at Thales Alenia Space as Operation Director for payload assembly integration and tests and as a Program Director for several important satellite programs for customer like SES, EUTELSAT and ARABSAT.
Jean-Louis is graduated from ISAE (Institut Superieur de l’Aéronautique et de l’Espace), Aeronautics and Space High school in Toulouse, France.
Olivier Thepaut is a Senior Project Manager and an Earth Observation Expert in SATConsult. During the last 21 years, Olivier has acquired a large expertise in a wide range of remote sensing systems (optical and SAR imagers, radar altimeters). All through his background, Olivier has proven his large ability and flexibility to efficiently work within multinational teams, leveraging his excellent interpersonal skills.
Since joining SATConsult in early 2017, Olivier is managing and is involved in several projects of Earth observation systems. His role is to accompany the client from the definition of his needs (phase-0) up to the exploitation of the mission (phase-E), leveraging his long experience with a variety of clients (military or civilian) as well as domain (Earth observation for natural event monitoring or intelligence).
Previously to joining SATConsult, Olivier worked during 4 years for ESA as Coordinator of the Copernicus Sentinel-2 Expert support labs radiometry and geometry calibration/validation activities in the frame of the Sentinel-2 Mission Performance Centre and deputized the Service Manager.
Olivier graduated in 1996 a Master of Science (MS2/DEA) in radar and radiocommunications from INSA in Rennes, France.
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Can reading fiction actually build morality and help you grow as an individual? This article from the Boston Globe, "Why fiction is good for you,” might just answer that question. Ohio State also weighs in on the discussion with this report, “Losing Yourself” in A Fictional Character Can Affect Your Real Life.” Have you ever lost yourself in a book, unable to pull yourself away from it? Which one? Think about what the author did that made the book so special.
Find yourself so immersed in those electronic devices that you fail to read books anymore? Read this article from the New York Times and see what neuroscience has to say. Been a little crabby and not yourself? Pick up some fiction! Reading Literature Makes Us Smarter and Nicer, might just snap you out of the doldrums! Get to the library or your bookshelf, find a nice comfy spot and get reading! Let a book cast a spell on you!
Why is it so important that children have books to read? Fiction books are especially essential for the development of empathy for others. Scientific American discusses this here: Novel Finding: Reading Literary Fiction Improves Empathy. Want to get smarter? Watch this video and find out how fiction can help: How Fiction Makes Our Brains Better. Finally, take a look at the, Top Ten Reasons to Read Fiction.
This TED-Ed lesson: How fiction can change reality discusses how popular fiction can spark public dialogue and affect culture. Want some more hints on writing fiction? Another TED-Ed lesson might just help: How to build a fictional world.
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You are here: Home / Travel Stories / I Used to Travel With a dSLR. Not Anymore.
My brother (and only sibling) and his family were over at our house for New Year’s Eve. Among the many topics we talked about was travel. Mostly, about how climbing up to some photo-worthy spot has become too much effort. In China, he said, he had no previous idea about the long climb to reach the Wall to walk on it, and he was carrying so much photo gear.
I sympathized and understood. That’s why I don’t bring a dSLR anymore when I travel. I’m 55, he’s a year younger, and it’s not like we’re gym buffs who train physically and mentally for trips like climbing Mount Everest. We’re just photography-obsessed tourists. And he has always been more serious about photography than I ever was. How we both ended up as lawyers, I’m still trying to comprehend.
There was a time when it wasn’t possible to take good quality photos without a big camera. Generations that grew up in the Age of Instagram probably won’t believe it, but we who had been taking photos long before mobile phones with good cameras became de rigueur used to travel with tons of photo equipment.
When our daughters were much younger, summer vacations often meant going to the beach. I had a Pentax SLR which was rarely without a roll of film loaded in it. We also had a Sony video camera.
Photography back then was an expensive hobby. Not only was the equipment expensive, so was film processing. But when you’re a parent with young children, well, you want to capture every moment. We still have shelves and shelves of photo albums from those years. I ambitiously dreamed of scanning the photos once but, gee… Perhaps, when I’m too old to travel, I’ll get back to the scanning project. But not now. Not just yet.
When the first affordable digital cameras hit the market, I was ecstatic. Finally, no more rolls of film and, more importantly, no more expensive film processing.
My first digital camera was not a dSLR. It was point-and-shoot Olympus. It was with that camera that I started a food blog toward the end of 2002.
A digital camera made learning photography guilt free. The subject (often, my girls and, occasionally, our meals) could be photographed from different angles and, unlike shooting with film, mistakes did not add to the cost. Bad photos could be deleted instantly and the experiment could be repeated until the perfect shot was taken.
Two point-and-shoot digital cameras later, food blogging was a career. My husband, Speedy, bought me my first dSLR, the Canon EOS 350D. Over the next five years, I upgraded to the EOS 40D and, finally, the 5D Mark II.
I always brought my dSLR when I traveled. When I went on a cruise, I even brought two cameras: a dSLR and the smaller Canon Powershot G10.
Heavy, yes, but it had become a habit. By the time the girls were in high school, we were all photo junkies in the family. You probably won’t believe the amount of photo gear that we used to bring on trips. Each of us carried a camera bag with at least one extra lens, battery chargers, lens filters… On road trips and even on vacations that required plane rides.
But early in 2014, Speedy and I drove to Baguio for a wedding and I purposely left the dSLR behind. It wasn’t an easy decision for me. A dSLR had always been a necessary component of every trip in the past. But wearing formal clothes and carrying a dSLR around at the party didn’t seem like a good idea. Besides, by that time, I had been using the G10 for a while and I was confident that it could take good enough photos even in low light. I wasn’t disappointed.
In the summer of the same year, girl friends and I flew to Bacolod and I did it again. No dSLR; just the G10. A few months later, I was off to Boracay with only the G10 in my bag.
It was like rehab and I was getting over my dSLR addiction. Slowly but surely, I learned to rely on the heavy camera less and less. In time, I was using the dSLR exclusively to shoot photos for the food blog. At home.
When I went to Hong Kong with girl friends, I went a step farther. I couldn’t find the G10 (my daughter borrowed it weeks earlier) so I left for the airport with only my mobile phone. A Sony Xperia with a kickass camera.
I realized that travel without a heavy dSLR camera was quite a liberating experience.
Looking back, there are two things that made me decide a dSLR is not necessary for travel.
Traveling with a Canon EOS M100. Nara, Japan. 2018.
First, digital technology has progressed so much and so fast that many mobile phones today have truly remarkable cameras. And, for those of us who want more control than mobile phones can offer, there are compact mirrorless cameras with full manual control and interchangeable lenses that don’t weigh a ton. I bought a Canon EOS M100 and brought it to Japan. The M100 and iPhone were all I needed.
Second, and this is what really started this post… I’m 55. There are things that are easy for a 35-year-old mother of toddlers that aren’t so easy for a 55-year-old. Carrying a heavy bag of photo equipment is one of them. My dear brother should think about that.
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The price of top, for the quality they sell. Service very efficient. Hope to eat there soon, when i get another N2 travel.
Warmfull environment. Enjoyed the rice with beans and smoked sausages. Very simple menu and physical space, with attentive and pleasant hosts.
Get quick answers from Restaurante Tipico Do Mezio staff and past visitors.
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Not impossible, but not likely.
Part of this theory hinges on the fact that Doofensmirtz went on a date with Linda ONCE, Clearly in the 80s. The show appears to take place in the mid 2000s, so for Phineas to be the result of this date, phineas would have to be around 15 or older. (This does mean Candace could be his daughter though, but I don't think that's the case either). It doesn't seem the date went well anyhow. It is unlikely they had much more history together as when Major Monogram and Doffensmirtz are fighting the Flynn Fletcher robots, Doffensmirtz comments "I think I dated that one once, but I did not know she was a robot at the time."
Thanks for telling me. I guess that makes sense. But, wasn't phineas 15 or 14 in the show. Because Candace was like 16. She was a year younger than Jeremy. And Jeremy went to college in one of the episodes!
I get what you mean and I might rethink about it. But phineas and doffensmirtz do share things which is kinda weird!
Phineas is only supposed to be 10, maybe 11.
I searched it up and they said like 13 years old.
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Hyderabad: A CCTV video went viral where a couple can be seen kissing in a metro lift. Hyderabad metro rail officials said the matter would be investigated as the moral police have got to work.
The officials are trying to identify the station where this act was captured and necessary action will be taken. Meanwhile, the Hyderabad metro rail corporation MD NVS Reddy said, first-time such an incident has come to our notice.
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This past Saturday our great friends Lauren and Derek were on island for a visit and just left this morning. They were here doing double duty... a small vacation and work. Derek, who works at READYMADE MAGAZINE came here to do a feature on John and I for the June/ July issue. It was a crazy month getting the house ready for it's close-up and we are so glad the work is all done. The best part of the whole process was getting to see Lauren and Derek if only for a few days. Derek even managed to squeeze in a short surfing lesson... and hung ten pretty well.
We will keep you posted on when the issue hits the stands.
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