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0.999999	Q: The home I'm trying to sell was built around 1913 and has the usual amenities associated with an older home. The buyers' home inspector discovered problems I already knew existed. In fact, most of the problems were in the disclosure I gave to my agent. The home inspector's report included mention of a single floor joist that had been cut for a plumbing pipe under the bathroom. To repair the joist, some of the ductwork and wiring will have to be removed and will cost more than $700. This home is close to 100 years old and I have never had a problem with the floors in the bathroom. What are my options? A: I have often inspected older homes with a cut or notched floor joist either under the bathtub drain or the larger drain for the toilet. My recommendation to the client will depend on the size of the joist that has been cut, how big a notch was made and the location of the notch. If the notch is close to a support beam or wall of the foundation, it is unlikely there will be any movement of the floor above. If the joist is notched away from a supporting wall or beam, then there could be some deflection of the floor above. In a home close to 100 years old that has yet to have a problem, I see little need to address a problem that does not exist. 1. A steel angle iron can be installed to the side of the joist higher up against the bottom of the floor and away from wiring and ducts. 2. Solid wood bridging can be installed on either side of the notch and away from any electrical wiring running through the existing floor joist. If there are heat ducts between the joists, bridging cannot be used, but you could secure a brace across the bottom of the notched joist and attach it to two other joists, one on either side, to share some of the load. An example of a brace would be a 6-foot-long 2- by 6-inch board fastened to a 6-foot-long 2- by 8-inch board, creating an "L''-shaped brace. You then secure the L-brace, with the 2- by 8-inch side vertical to the floor joists, using glue and wood screws. 3. Jack posts are cheap and easy to install. The steel telescoping posts are set to the proper height so that they support the joists on either side of the notch. The top of the jack post is a plate and threaded screw that allows you to snug the post tightly against the joist. 4. Do nothing if there is no visible damage after 100 years of use. I am perplexed by the fact that some home inspectors cannot offer simple solutions to problems they perceive to be "major." The inspector should have discussed ideas for making the repairs to the client and, if allowed, to you and the agent. At the least, he should know why it is a "defect." A lot of home inspectors have served in a trade or a union specific to one field of construction or they may be an engineer or an architect, but, in my opinion, field experience in all the trades is the most important factor in selecting a home inspector. According to Mike Holmes of the hit HGTV show "Holmes on Homes," a general contractor, homebuilder and remodeling contractor make the best home inspectors. I agree. For more information on hiring a qualified home inspector, go to Mike's Web page at http://mikeholmesinspections.com/services/pre-purchase-inspection. Dwight Barnett is a certified master inspector with the American Society of Home Inspectors. Write to him with home-improvement questions at C. Dwight Barnett, Evansville Courier & Press, P.O. Box 268, Evansville, IN 47702 or email him at [email protected].	2019-04-20T19:12:02	https://www.record-courier.com/news/20121124/home-fix-common-sense-key-tool-in-repairing-older-homes
0.998506	The carrot: 홍콩에서 있을 아시안 챔피언 십에서 한국 국가대표로 참가할 수 있는 자격을 얻을 수 있는 기회이기도 합니다! 아니면 그냥 경기 참여를 위해 오셔도 돼요. • 볼 하키 토너먼트에 참가할 한국 최고의 선수들을 초대합니다. • 팀 전체를 구성해서 참가해도 좋지만, 혼자 또는 친구들과 오셔도 괜찮아요. •스틱이 없으시면 저희가 3000원에 빌려드려요. • 또는 35,000원에 스틱을 사거나, 다 합쳐서 75,000원에 구입하실 수 있습니다. •밝은/하얀 티셔츠 하나와 어두운/검정 티셔츠 하나씩 준비해 주세요. •골키퍼로만 경기에 참여하실 분들은 무료로 등록이 가능합니다! 골키퍼 분들이 몇 분이나 등록해 주실 지에 따라서 또 얼마나 많은 팀이 구성되는 지에 따라서, 골키퍼분들은 여러팀을 위해 플레이 해주셔야 할 수도 있어요. 널리 알려주세요: 제발 부디 이 정보를 여러분 주변에 적합하다고 생각되는 사람들에게 소문을 내주세요! 페이스북 그룹도 좋고, 커뮤니티 사이트나 더 많은 사람들이 볼 수 있는 웹페이지도 좋아요. 저희가 한국에 있는 모든 볼 하키 선수들을 모아보려고 하고 있어요. 그래서 이 이벤트를 최고로 만들기 위해서는 여러분의 도움이 필요합니다. 미리 감사의 말씀 드려요. (1) 참가 자격: 이 이벤트의 목적은 경쟁하고 싶어하는 한국의 선수들에게 경쟁의 장을 제공하는 것입니다. 선수들은 이 토너먼트에 자신이 적합한 수준의 사람인지 스스로 판단하셔야 합니다. 하지만 꼭 전문적으로 했다거나, 대학리그에 참여했다거나, 마이너리그에 참여했다거나 하실 필요는 없답니다. 집에서 또는 친구들과 경기를 했을 때 쭉 잘하는 사람의 축에 속해 있었다면 이 이벤트에 참여하세요! (2) 지역 통합: 같은 한 도시나 지역에서 11명 이상의 선수들이 참여할 것이라고 예상되지 않습니다. 그래서 공급과 수요당 지역/도시/도 별로 합칠 계획입니다. 이런 큰 규모의 토너먼트에 참여하면서 온전한 팀을 만들 수 있는 방법입니다. 새로운 사람들을 만나는 좋은 방법이기도 하죠. 취지: 모든 수익금은 도움이 필요한 가족을 위해 사용됩니다. 여러분의 등록비용의 일부는 제주 퓨리에게 모금됩니다. 제주 퓨리는 제주도의 혜택받지 못한 가족이나 고아를 위해 일하고 있습니다. 모든 등록을 하기 위해 다음의 단계를 따라 주세요. 1. 아래 있는 양식을 작성해 주세요. The carrot: compete for a chance to be part of the TEAM KOREA ROSTER for the ASIAN CHAMPIONSHIPS in HONG KONG this November. Or just compete to compete. !! there's a national holiday [red day] on Monday, June 6th !! Where: Seoul Sports Complex (서울 종합운동장 역). (if you do not have goalie equip. with you, NO PROBLEM, we have goalie gear). Depending on how many goalies register and how many teams are formed, goalies may have to be shared. WORD-of-MOUTH: Please please PLEASE please spread this message around to all you know who would be a fit for this event, or to any FB group or website which reaches out to a broader audience. We are trying to put together a network of all the ball hockey players in a Korea and we need your help to make our events the best that they can be. Thanks in advance. (1) ELIGIBLE PLAYERS: the goal of this event is to provide an arena for all the competitive players across Korea to compete with and against one another. Players will have to do their own skill assessment to determine whether or not they ought to be eligible for this tournament. You definitely do NOT need to have played AAA, or in the CHL, or in the NCAA. If you were consistently one of the better players when you played at home with your friends, this is likely the event for you. ** (2) MERGED REGIONS: we do not expect each city or province to be able to put together a full roster of 11 or more players, so we will be merging regions/cities/provinces as per supply and demand. For example, if four players from Busan register, and two players from Ulsan, and five from Daegu, we will put those eleven together to form a Southeast team. It's a way of side-stepping the problem of trying to find a full team to travel with while at the same time participating in a sizeable competitive tournament. It is also an easy way to meet new people. • Day 1 (Saturday) : 12pm ~ 3pm. • Day 1 (Saturday) : 3pm ~ 7pm. :: precise schedule to be released following final registration when the total number of players and teams is determined. a portion of your registration fee will be sent to Jeju Furey, a charity in Jeju, Korea that provides aid to underprivileged families and orphans. INDIVIDUAL registrations are NO PROBLEM!!! just put " N/A " in the boxes that you can't fill out. 또는 개인 참가도 문제 없습니다!!! 신청서에 기재할 수 없는 란은 "해당사항 없음" 이라고 작성하시면 됩니다. 1. Sports Complex Subway Station (서울 종합운동장 역). It is stop #218 on the Green Line #2. 2. Once you are there you will need to come out of exit #6 (which is closer to the GS25 and Burger King) or exit #7 (which is a bit more direct to the rink). Once at the top of the stairs of either exit you will see the baseball stadium to your left and the main Olympic Stadium (올림픽 경기장) ( the one with the rings on the front) directly in front of you. 3. Walk directly to the front of the Olympic Stadium. Stop at the bottom of the ramp. Don't go up the ramp here! 4. Look to your right. You will see a sidewalk next to the Olympic Heroes Display. Take this sidewalk until you see a ramp. Go up this ramp. When you reach the top of it you will see the rink we play on.	2019-04-24T04:40:31	http://jejufurey.weebly.com/ballhockey-registration.html
0.999994	Here are a few questions that seem to be the most commonly asked when speaking with people. 1. What colours do TM's come in? There is a wide variety of colours: black and tan, black, gold, chocolate, blue and tan, blue.... White patches can be found on any colour. Also the tan markings can come in different shades. They can have a speckling around the eyes. 2. Why is there such a wide variety of looks? 3. Is the Tibetan Mastiff the right breed for me? Are you prepared for the struggles that lay ahead?! This breed will test your patience time and time again. They are stubborn, independent, vengeful and can be destructive! There is nothing routine with a Tibetan Mastiff. They require a considerable amount of attention. 4. What is their temperment like? They each have there own personality. Some will be aloof while others can't wait to kiss anyone in a 5 mile radius. Being a guardian, TMs are valued for their independent nature, however, this can make them a huge challenge. You must win them over with trust and positive reinforcement, never intimidation, and they still might not do what you want. They want to be treated as a companion not just a mere pet. 5. How are they in the house? Generally speaking, a happy TM is very well behaved in the house, but as previously stated, they can be vengeful and destructive. Abandon them for any great length of time and expect punishment! 6. Are there differences between male and female? They are both equally protective. Males might tend to be more carefree and independent from the family than the females. 7. How are TM's with other animals? They integrate well with other animals if socialized from an early age. They are territorial. Being a flock guardian, the TM will usually take over the "alpha" position and consider himself boss. Who's going to argue? 8. How is this breed typically with children? TMs have a lot of patience when it comes to children, however care should be taken when strange children are in the company of the family. Rough play may be taken as a threat. They generally are fine with strangers but if acting in a threatening manner, the TM will protect and defend. They are not aggressive to man or beast unless provoked. 10. How much excercise do they need? They need exercise which would ideally be achieved in a large fenced yard with a canine companion. 11. Any special grooming requirements? Training is definitely a must! Basic obedience classes are strongly recommended. Don't send your dog to be trained by someone else. If you do, who'll train you? 13. How big is my puppy going to get? A mature TM(4-5 yrs) can be anywhere from 100 to 180lbs and 27" to as tall as 34" for the males and 85-140lbs, 25"-30" for the females, all depending on the variety and bloodlines of the sire and dam. 14. How much do they eat? They do not eat as much as one would think. They are fairly energy efficient. You will notice that their appetites certainly taper off in the warm months and pick up when the temperature drops. We range feed, meaning that there is always food available to them and they eat when they're hungry. They do not gorge. Mind you, a growing puppy can certainly pack it away! You'd think he's got hollow legs. 15. How do they adapt to different climates? Although adaptable to almost any climate, they prefer it cool or cold. They can endure the heat if it is a dry heat. Tropical conditions would not be suitable for a Tibetan Mastiff. They normally do not drool unless they are excited, nervous or just after having a drink. 17. Do they have any bad habits? YES! Digging, chewing. With firm but loving consistent disipline, this can be avoided, or at least controlled! Excessive barking at night can also be a problem. Restraint can be taught. These might be trying times for you and your TM! 18. Can you give a general overview of the Tibetan Mastiff? Sweet, mysterious, very stubborn and independent. STRONG! FEARLESS! Fun loving, in need of physical affection. Noble, dignified, maybe a touch conceited. In other words, they are a complete joy to have around!	2019-04-18T16:41:41	http://tibetanmastifflover.tripod.com/tibetanmastiff/index.html
0.997318	What does it take to make a city greener? In San Francisco, it took a small group of motivated people to come together to create a nonprofit. After the city cut funding for urban forestry 36 years ago, seven individuals decided to take matters into their own hands. They created a nonprofit, Friends of the Urban Forest (FUF). The organization started off with just a small budget from a leftover city grant. Then it used grassroots efforts to rally neighborhoods throughout the city around urban trees. By empowering and supporting communities and homeowners to plant and care for their own trees, FUF has successfully planted 60,000 of the 125,000 trees in San Francisco. The group eventually even worked with the city to create San Francisco's first ever Urban Forest Plan. FUF is a member of TechSoup, and TechSoup's staffers were very excited to reach out for an interview to hear more about the group's impact. My team joined FUF early on a Saturday morning for its volunteer tree planting event in the Portola neighborhood, a part of the city that is lacking street trees. It was cold even by San Francisco standards, but there was an impressive turnout of volunteers present and ready to plant. The executive director of FUF, Dan Flanagan, joined us and told us about his work. "We get to get out in the city and make it greener. We advocate for trees; I always call ourselves the Lorax of San Francisco. We are the only organization in San Francisco that is speaking for the trees." Dan was excited about a recent accomplishment for the organization. San Francisco just passed Proposition E, which opens up major opportunities for the nonprofit. As he said, "It changes the responsibility from street trees and sidewalks away from the homeowners and to the city. As a result, homeowners are no longer responsible, and now we actually get a chance to make the city more green than ever before by planting more trees in neighborhoods that couldn't afford it before." This policy makes the city responsible for maintenance, but it will still require FUF to continue its work of planting the trees. FUF hopes to plant 1,700 trees this year and ultimately hopes to plant 3,000 trees every year. I was curious to find out how FUF was using technology to further its mission. Jason Boyce, individual gifts manager, said: "Here at Friends of the Urban Forest, a lot of our field staff tend to be out in the field all day; technology really needs to be out of the way to allow us to plant. So, as a result, the relationships we build with our community tend to be stronger because we use technology to enable our work, but it doesn't get in the way of our work." Jason explained, "We have been working with ArcMap for years, ... GIS software that TechSoup has provided for us. We use it to plant trees, to figure out where we are going to plant. When we do our plantings, we actually dole out the maps that our volunteers use to do the plantings, and all that comes through ArcMap. We use Adobe Acrobat to put together our tree manuals for our new tree owners and volunteer manuals. We use AutoCAD to put together the permit drawings for our sidewalk gardens. Technology plays a really important role in doing our plantings and making San Francisco more green." Jason also recently worked with the city on the Urban Forest Map, which is an interactive online map that tracks every tree in San Francisco. The map helps calculate the environmental benefits the trees provide, including stormwater mitigation, air pollutants captured, and carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere. This platform has increased the visibility of the city's urban forest. As Jason said, "We are now at the forefront of cities worldwide that are building software to manage their urban forests. … [This] really gives a lot of benefit to the people living in San Francisco." TechSoup is proud to support organizations like Friends of the Urban Forest by enabling them with the technology they need. That support gives them more time to focus on their impact, like planting trees, or to build the communities that help them thrive.	2019-04-18T13:46:51	http://forums.techsoup.org/cs/community/b/tsblog/archive/2017/09/28/nonprofit-harnesses-tech-to-plant-tens-of-thousands-of-trees.aspx
0.999999	Takeaway: Coal seam gas is an attractive unconventional energy source that the world is fast embracing. While it promises to be an important alternate energy source, there are many challenges in its extraction and distribution. Coal seam gas (CSG), also known as coal bed methane (CBM), coal mine methane (CMM) or coal bed gas, is a form of natural gas extracted from coal beds. It is primarily made up of methane gas and found trapped in coal seams underground in the depths of 300-1000 m (1000-3300 ft) surrounded by water and ground pressure. Its single largest component is methane (95%-97%). It is used for domestic cooking and heating, power generation and for industry purposes to make a wide range of products. It is interesting to note that the coal goes through several stages before it develops into a solid shiny substance called hard coal. The journey of coal starts from something called peat, which is nothing but the wastes of the earth and plants. Over a long period of time with the heat and burial pressure acting on the peat, it passes through various maturity levels to become tough coal at the end. Peat matures into states like lignite, sub-bituminous, bituminous and finally hard anthracite, which is commonly known as coal. These stages are called ranks. Lignite and sub-bituminous coals are considered to be low rank coal while bituminous and anthracites are considered to be high rank coal. Gaseous hydrocarbons are found in greater quantities in hard coal than in soft coal like lignite. Coal seam gas is extracted using unconventional methods such as horizontal drilling or hydraulic fracturing (fracking). It is extracted by initially drilling a well vertically through the rock strata until reaching the coal seam; at this point the horizontal drilling process is adopted for increased access to the methane gas trapped inside. Similar to conventional oil extraction, a vertical steel encased well is drilled to reach the coal bed. If the water and methane gas is not flowing freely then hydraulic fracturing is used. In this method, sand along with chemical additives is powerfully injected on the coal cleat to create a fracture so that the trapped gas can escape through the outlet to the surface. This is also called horizontal drilling. The sand helps to expand the fractures and enlarge them to facilitate gas extraction. The extracted gas is processed further and taken to storage facilities before being used for domestic and international purposes. CSG is a capital-intensive process and the extraction process involves tens of thousands of gas wells, with roads, pipelines, compressor stations, wastewater dams and other infrastructure spread over a huge land area. Because coal seams contain water and methane, water must be pumped out of the coal seam to lower the pressure and allow the gas to flow to the surface. The amount of water pumped out depends upon the type of well/coal seams and can vary between a few thousand to hundreds of thousands of liters per day. The wastewater is generally toxic, salty, containing heavy metals and radioactive materials that have to be stored in tanks or holding ponds and transported through pipelines for further treatment. The main challenge organizations face while extracting CSG is the water disposal. As stated earlier, the water pumped out during the production process is contaminated and chemically toxic in nature. Various experiments have indicated that the produced water is of very high salinity and hence the high sodium content is detrimental to the environment. This water is not suitable for irrigation because it endangers the quality of the soil, which could negatively affect the crop growth. Handling of water disposal is an important part of a CSG project. Years ago, the water was channeled into the stream ways to be flushed into the ocean. But continued use of the stream channels resulted in contamination and hence environmentalists raised their concern. In recent times the water is collected in infiltration ponds where it is treated to eliminate the salinity. Once the water meets the accepted levels of quality it is channeled into the stream. Another key challenge in extracting CSG is that methane is a greenhouse gas and has the potential to release carbon dioxide into the environment. This can have an adverse effect on climate change and global warming. Organizations expend a lot of effort to minimize greenhouse gas emissions to acceptable levels. Major producers of CSG are the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, Kazakhstan and India. CSG extraction and production was pioneered by the US in the 1970s when it encouraged the extraction of unconventional sources of natural gas. Australia, which is one of the major explorers and users of CSG, started its commercial operations during 1996 at Bowen Basin of Queensland. CSG accounts for 27% of Australian gas reserves. It is estimated that by 2030, 30% of the country’s domestic needs will be met by CSG with 50% of the gas demand in eastern Australia. All CSG reserves are in NSW and Queensland states. With lots of questions raised from environmental and health perspectives, CSG has to stand on its own merits by effectively addressing those concerns and emerging as a clean fuel for the future.	2019-04-20T17:01:40	https://www.petropedia.com/2/9787/oil/coal-seam-gas-an-unconventional-alternative
0.999167	One of the main difficulties in this investigation was to reconstruct the chronology of events. To determine the exact time of Madeleine's disappearance, we were dependent on the witness statements of the parents and friends. There is no doubt that the adults (apart from the Paynes, who were using a baby monitor) were taking regular turns during dinner to check that the children were asleep - the restaurant's register confirms it. Nevertheless, after the meal, the children could sometimes be left for more than an hour without supervision. Until May 3rd, the adults made the trip every 30 minutes; on that night, according to what the group said, the intervals between visits did not exceed 15 minutes. It is Russell O'Brien, who hands over to the first police officer to arrive on the scene, two lists written on the cover of a children's sticker album, that probably belonged to Madeleine. How come it had been torn up? A child has just disappeared and one of her books is used to write on? That pays very little consideration to...Didn't they have anything else to hand, a slip of paper or a paper napkin? Another unanswered question. These two lists describe, hour by hour, how the evening progressed. 8.45pm - All assembled at poolside for food. 9.15pm - Gerry McCann looks at room A ? Door open to bedroom. 9.20pm - Jane Tanner checkS 5D - Sees stranger walking, carrying a child. 9.30pm - Russell O'Brien in 5D - poorly daughter. On the second list differences are noted that are not trivial. Matt returns 9.00 - 9.05 - listened at all three. 9.20/5 - (??) Jane checked 5D Sees stranger I child. The writing is irregular, the syntax unconventional and the description of comings and goings confused. Why two lists? And why, in the first, is apartment 5A left for 45 minutes without checking? If the witness statements from employees and tourists are to be believed, once the alert was raised - the time is also vague, between 10pm and 10.30pm according to the investigators -, all the dinner guests rushed to the apartment, as if there was a medical emergency. Only the grandmother, Diane Webster, stayed at the table for a few more minutes. It is highly likely that inside the apartment, they went through the consequences of their actions and the failure of their monitoring system. To minimise their responsibility and not be accused of negligence, it was necessary for them to augment the frequency of their visits. With the checks so close together, who could imagine that someone would get into the apartment? It was quite simply impossible. The existence of two lists proves that there was a debate; the differences between them probably mean that there was no interest in being accurate. For a reason of which we are unaware, the friends have to state that Jane saw a man carrying a child at around 9.20 - 9.25pm, and between that time and the alert (towards 10pm), someone from the group went to the apartment, saw the twins in the bedroom, but cannot guarantee that Madeleine was still there. According to the second list, it is Matthew Oldfield, whom the first list says only listened at the windows of apartments 5A, 5B. and 5D; still according to that same list, he was allegedly accompanied by Russell O'Brien at around 9.30pm and saw the twins at around 9.35pm. Matthew Oldfield's behaviour is perplexing. According to the two time-lines, Gerald's statements and his own affirmations, he and Russell left the restaurant at around 9.30pm to go their respective apartments. Matthew entered his accommodation by the front door, left again that way after glancing at his children, crossed the car park and walked round the building to go into the McCanns' apartment by the rear patio door - the only one not to have been locked. He then went to the children's bedroom. In the first list, there is no mention of this visit: Matthew contented himself with listening at the windows; in the second, Russell notes that his friend saw the twins at 9.35pm. In the course of the statement which he made to the PJ, Matthew certifies having gone to the McCann's apartment at 9.25pm, having definitely seen the twins and noticing a definite light. What he doesn't explain, is how he could pass the bedroom window twice without noticing that it was open. On the other hand, once inside, he noticed that it was. That happens to conveniently reinforce the hypothesis of an abduction and gives weight to Jane Tanner's witness statement. - Interesting! From 9.10pm, the intervals between visits go down to 5 minutes and not more than 15. - Why did they need to tighten up the monitoring? - Perhaps simply because it was at that time that it all happened. We deduce from this that the alert was bound to have been raised before 10pm. Matthew Oldfield's and Jane Tanner's witness statements contradict each other. Those of Matthew and Kate too: the latter insists that when she went into the apartment, the bedroom door banged shut, the window was wide open and the curtains were raised by the wind. However, Matthew said nothing about all of that, only "a definite light," in the bedroom. This is rather implausible: from his vantage point - the bedroom doorway -, the line of sight between the door and the window is limited to a straight line of close to 4 metres. Which means that if the window had been open, he would inevitably have noticed it. Why such vagueness? Another obvious mistake concerns the number of windows: he mentioned two, while in reality, there was only one. His wife repeated the same mistake when she stated that her husband had listened at two bedroom windows during his second round. Another question concerns Jane Tanner's second visit to apartment 5D. According to what the group says, at 9.30pm, Matt Oldfield accompanied Russell O'Brien as far as his accommodation, 5D, and both heard a child crying. Russell then stayed there. When Matt returned to the Tapas to let Jane know that their daughter was ill, the latter went to the child's bedside, in 5D, and did not come back. These contradictions cannot hide the reality: the safety of the children left a lot to be desired. Thanks Anna, I have to get this into Kingston Hospital so that members of staff can at least have an idea of what is going on. hope you don't mind me asking... why don't you post on 3A's any more? Hi Anon and good morning, After the first fiasco with Nbrado and putting all e.mails of peoples pms on show...mine were never there I might add 'I felt uncomfortable but carried on posting. The latest problems on the 3As and seeing Bonnybraise and Blondie amongst others showing their true colours shocked me. I had posted with these people and for me people to not change so they must have always been this way. No reason except that I feel uncomfortable now I still read the 3As everyday and have the most respect for it as a forum. Uk book expert Suzanne Collier said: "I could see it being a bestseller and even one of the biggest British books of the year." She likened the book to Spycatcher, the controversial memoirs of former MI5 officer Peter Wright. She added: "It doesn't matter if it's true or not, people would want to read it. The author could well make up to a million.	2019-04-24T00:05:30	http://frommybigdesk.blogspot.com/2009/07/madeleine-mccann-lenquete-interdite_14.html
0.997123	Palembang: The world has many giant Qurans, but its only giant wood-carved Quran can be found in Palembang, the capital of Indonesia’s South Sumatra province. Known as the largest wood-carved Quran in the world, it was made from wood of the tembesu tree (Fagraea fragrans) and measures 1.77 by 1.40 meters (5.8 by 4.6 feet). Its creator, Shofwatillah Mohzaib, 43, said that he finished the production in the form of 30 Quranic juz - traditional divisions of the holy book - over the course of nine years. He said it took so long due to shortages of both wood and money. "Fortunately, the production got private donations from several large donors, including former House of Representative Speaker Marzuki Alie and the late chairman of the People’s Consultative Assembly, Taufik Kiemas,” Shofwatillah told Anadolu Agency. Shofwatillah said the idea of making a giant Quran came in the year 2000, from a dream he had when studying calligraphy at the Great Mosque of Palembang. "It took a month to do one page of the Quran. The carving process took the longest,” he explained. He picked tembesu wood for the material as it is strong, durable, and quite popular in southern Sumatra as raw material for carving or furniture. A five-story structure housing the massive Quran can be found at Palembang's Al Ihsaniyah Gandus boarding school, also the home of a museum showcasing Shofwatillah's work of faith. In 2011, then-Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, accompanied by a delegation of the Parliamentary Union of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (PUOIC) member states, inaugurated the giant wooden Quran along with the Al Quran Al Akbar Museum. It attracts both domestic visitors and tourists from countries such as Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Malaysia, Singapore, the U.S., and Canada. Shofwatillah also said he wants to build a movie theater to educate visitors about the miracles of the Quran. Visitor Sarmin Gumay, 76, said he was amazed by the beauty of Al Quran Al Akbar, adding that he had visited the museum several times. Amira Luthfiah, 16, came south from Lampung to Palembang - a nearly 300-kilometer (186-mile) journey - just to satisfy her curiosity. "It is absolutely wonderful,” she said. Amira told Anadolu Agency that there is little religious tourism in Palembang, but she hopes the government will give it more support. "I hope people can understand the holy Quran more,” she added. The museum has had a huge impact on local residents, as the area is now crowded with merchants. Not only tourists, but also sellers of clothes, food, and drink flock to areas around the museum. Ujang, 60, who sells drinks, said that the Islamic boarding school in the area has provided scholarships for orphans. "I’m happy that my children can study there affordably,” he said. During the Muslim holiday of Eid al-Fitr - which this year took place in June - it also provides Zakah (financial assistance) for local residents.	2019-04-19T15:27:47	https://ummid.com/news/2018/August/11.08.2018/worlds-largest-wooden-quran-on-display-in-indonesia.html
0.99999	Dennis, at the Final Fantasy Distant Worlds concert, where he met Terra (FFVI) and Lightning (FFXIII), perhaps his two favorite FF characters! Who is this guy, and how is he qualified to teach a class about video games? I hail from the Great State of North Dakota, and played my first video game when I was six or seven, over 20 years ago. My parents knew some kids that were selling their NES, so my brother and I pooled our money and bought the system without having ever played a game before ($50, or $25 a piece, which was a lot of money for a kid!). Super Mario Bros. and Duck Hunt were our first games, though we were terrible at first. After much practice, trial and error, determination, and a few helpful teaching sessions from some well-informed babysitters, we gradually got better. I received my undergraduate degree in journalism from North Dakota State University, followed by a master's in health communication from NDSU. I recently completed my Ph.D. in mass communication from the University of Florida. My primary research interest is people with chronic illness and how they communicate about their illness using new media. So what does health communication have to do with video games? While I haven't conducted my own research projects on the topic, I've followed with interest research on the health effects of video games: fitness and obesity, violence and aggression, addiction, and sexuality and body image. I've also been watching for years, with dismay, how the news media often covers video games. I created this class for three reasons: 1) so a new generation of gamers can learn more about this medium's past, 2) so students can be informed about all current issues surrounding video games, and hopefully contribute something more to society's discussions than just hype and hyperbole, and 3) so students can think critically about the games they play, and how these games are situated within our cultrual context. Computer: Half-Life; Interstate '76; Minecraft; Portal 1 and 2; Roller Coaster Tycoon; StarCraft; Star Wars Jedi Knight: Dark Forces II; Warcraft 2. Game Boy/Advance: Advance Wars; Final Fantasy Legend 1, 2, and 3; The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening Pokémon Red and Blue; Tetris. GameCube: Animal Crossing; Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem; Fire Emblem: Path of Radiance; The Legend of Zelda: Wind Waker and Twilight Princess; Metroid Prime 1 and 2; Super Smash Bros. Melee; Timesplitters 2; Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 3. NES: Contra; Double Dragon; The Legend of Zelda; Spy Hunter; Super Mario Bros. 1, 2, and 3. N64: Banjo-Kazooie; Diddy Kong Racing; GoldenEye 007; The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time; Mario Kart 64; Star Fox 64; Top Gear Rally. PlayStation 2: Dance Dance Revolution Max, Max 2, and Extreme; Final Fantasy X; Kingdom Hearts 1 and 2; Timesplitters: Future Perfect. SNES: Chrono Trigger; Donkey Kong Country 1, 2, and 3; Final Fantasy III (FFVI); The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past; Paperboy 2; Sim City; Super Mario World 1 and 2; Tetris Attack; Zombies Ate My Neighbors. Wii: Donkey Kong Country Returns; Kirby's Epic Yarn, The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword; Metroid Prime 3; New Super Mario Bros. Wii; Super Mario Galaxy 1 and 2; Super Smash Bros. Brawl. Xbox 360: Final Fantasy XIII; The Walking Dead; Tomb Raider (2013).	2019-04-19T22:15:14	http://dennisfrohlich.com/videogames/about-instructor.html
0.994613	ON a crisp spring morning, with thermometers saying minus two, the recently reopened Grand Palais unveiled the latest look from the name synonymous with Paris and style, and now the longest showing couture house we have left on schedule, Chanel. The invite showed an aerial spec drawing of the Grand Palais which actually gave more clues than at first expected as it was wafted past the multiple check points, metal detectors and finally entered into the stark white auditorium. White benches, each cushioned seat complete with a white Chanel blanket and Chanel thermos of hot jasmine tea to keep everyone busy while the paparazzi went hysterical swarming around Victoria Beckham one minute, and Avril Lavine, with ironed blonde locks, over the other side the next. Under <a href="#" onclick="window.open('/vogue_daily/popup.asp?keyword=karl lagerfeld','search', 'toolbar=0,status=no,menuBar=0,scrollbars=no,resizable=no,width=250,height=450,left=10,top=100')" class="maintextimageu"> Karl Lagerfeld, Chanel has kept Coco Chanel's tradition of luxury and quality, as well as bought his own fastidious attention to every detail – as true with the production for each seat as for each creation. The legacy of Coco lives on yet, through Lagerfeld's constant curiosity for the 'new hot thing', the clothes retain a stark fresh modernity as if the label was only launched today. Carmen Kass opened in a white tweed - house favourite fabric - jacket and skirt combo. Nothing extraordinary about that, you might think – but then you need to look at this one. The jacket was sculpted so arms were narrow and cropped to three quarter length, shoulders softly padded and rounded and the collar left off, as that would have spoilt the sculpted lines of white that the cropped jacket cut against the graphic black layer beneath. Her skirt, again the same white tweed, was a demure kneelength, worn with flat white ankle boots with the Chanel black patent brogue toe and heel, yet egg-shaped, flaring graphically out at the waist – exaggerating the hourglass curve and making the waist even slimmer. The house that put 'chic' into the Little Black Dress today reinvented it again and again, cropping above the knee in sculpted heavy black tweeds under sweetheart or eighteenth century style necklines - and then stripping it raw to give only the cleanest outline for the most flattering of LBDs. No jewellery, no handbag, no heels, no entourage, all you needed with these were the simple flat boots and monotoned black and white leather gloves. These were not Galaxy dresses - they were from a whole higher universe altogether – perfect for Mrs Beckham and her enviable figure. From sculpted black and white hourglass dresses with tight belts, embroidered edging or ruffled crinoline collars to necktie bows and black lace pants - lengths stopped above the knee and the waist remained miniscule. Babydolls of embroiderd tulle, pastel pinks and teased ribbon or feather hems kept the mood light. Chanel used all the pearls, sequins, trims and trinkets of the couture atelier with the lightness perfect for the modern day dresser and a child in a candy store. The babydoll girls in their flat boots, tight pants and proper skirts and jackets showed a medley of ideas all with the sought after Chanel chic.	2019-04-20T23:02:35	https://www.vogue.co.uk/shows/spring-summer-2006-couture/chanel
0.99733	Home Health Can I drink coffee while pregnant? The coffee drinks are so tempting for anyone who has ever felt the benefits. Yes, this is one drink that can restore vigor and eliminate sleepiness. It seems not a problem if you drink every day, but when you are pregnant may I drink coffee? As we all know that coffee is one source of caffeine drinks, and effects caffeine this is what we have learned so that we can conclude pregnant women may I drink coffee. Pregnant women should limit the amount of caffeine consumed so that no more than 200 mg per day or the equivalent of two cups of instant coffee. Why caffeine is limited, what is the effect of caffeine on pregnant women? Research in 2008 found that pregnant women who consumed 200 mg or more of caffeine per day have twice the risk of miscarriage than those who took caffeine under 200 mg per day. A study in Denmark found that the risk of stillbirth more than doubled in women who drank eight or more cups of coffee a day compared to women who did not drink coffee. Other studies have shown that newborns whose mothers consumed more than 500 mg of caffeine a day had a much faster heart rate and breathing rate that is faster and low birth weight. Thus, high levels of caffeine during pregnancy may result in babies having a low birth weight, which can increase the risk of health problems later in life. Too much caffeine can also cause miscarriage. Through the above description we can conclude that it does not matter if pregnant women drink coffee, but not more than 200 mg of caffeine per day, equivalent to two cups of instant coffee per day. One thing is certain: Pregnant women will be better and safer not to consume coffee as a routine. Because in addition to affecting the fetus, the caffeine in coffee raises also can make you feel jittery and cause insomnia. Caffeine can also contribute to heartburn by stimulating the secretion of gastric acid, it is not good for people with stomach ulcers. Caffeine effect may be more pronounced in line with continued pregnant age. That's because the body's ability to break down caffeine slows down, so will the higher levels of caffeine in the bloodstream. During the second trimester, it takes almost twice as long to clear caffeine from the body than when the woman is not pregnant. During the third trimester, it takes almost three times longer. Besides coffee and tea contain compounds called phenols that make it harder for the body to absorb iron. This is very important because many pregnant women are indeed in general is in need of iron. If pregnant women still want to drink coffee or tea, then drink between meals (not right after a meal) so it will have less effect on iron absorption. In addition to coffee, food and drink anything containing caffeine? Perhaps many are thinking, if pregnant women should not drink coffee, then tea alone as his successor. This is not true because the tea also contains kafien.	2019-04-24T23:49:51	https://www.ib-article.com/2015/12/can-i-drink-coffee-while-pregnant.html
0.999489	What is the Time in Dumont d'Urville (France) Antarctica? The current local time in Dumont d'Urville, which is a research station of France in Antarctica is running live on the Analog Clock seen above. Throughout the year the UTC+10:00 hours is maintained as there is no DST or Daylight Saving Time being implemented by France at this time in Dumont d'Urville research station in Antarctica. At this time in Dumont d'Urville Antarctic station of France is situated in the Ile des Petrels, Archipelago of Pointe Geologie located in the Adelie Land and is under the Administration of French Polar Institute Paul Emile Victor. The French Research Station Dumont d'Urville was established in Antarctica on 12 January 1956. The Dumont d'Urville research station was named after its explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville after he landed on Debarquement Rock in the Dumoulin Islands at the north esat part of the archipelago on the 21 January 1840. It is a joint operation of French public and para public agencies. In the year 1952 on the night of 23 January the pioneering french Antarctic research called Port Martin which was 62 kilometers east of D'Urville caught fire and burned down. There was no loss of life. Thereafter a small base was built on Ile des Petrels to study the Rookery of Emporor Penguins the same year and the base was called Marret. On 12 January 1952, the new main base Dumont d'Urville research station was built and opened on the same island by France. The Dumont d'Urville research station of France in Antarctica supports about 30 people in the Winters and in Summer about 120 people can be accommodated. All the supplies come from ice breaker ship called L'Astrolabe from the port of Hobart, Tasmania. Between the months of November to March L'Astrolabe does about four to five trips. At this time in Dumont d'Urville Station in Antarctica the researches going on are the study of wild life namely the Emperor Penguins. In the summers Adelie Penguins come to the rocks near the base to reproduce. Other species like Snow Petrel, Skua, Giant Petrel, Cape Petrel etc are also seen around the base. In winters only emperor penguins are seen who come to reproduce and in the month of August the Giant Petrels come back to feed on the Emperor Penguin babies. Other marine animals seen around the base are other species of penguins, Rorquals and killer whales. The Academy Award Winning documentary film called La Marche de I'empereur in French which was also released in English under the name, March of the Penguins, was actually filed around the base of Dumont d'Urville. There is also a laboratory at this time in Dumont d'Urville French Antarctic Research Station which studies and analyse the sulfur compounds present in the atmosphere. Geo Physics is another branch of research at this time in Dumont d'Urville where they use tide guage, cosmic rays detector and a GPS to measure the dip of the Antarctica into the Upper Mantle and a Lidar which allows the study and analysis of Ozone layer depletion and Ozone Holes. The location at this time in Antarctica of Dumont d'Urville French Research Station is located in the coordinates 66°39′S 140°00′E. The location of the Dumont d'Urville French Research Station can be seen below in the illustration of Antarctica.	2019-04-19T06:29:26	https://www.matsclock.com/time/antarctica/antarctica-dumont-durville-research-station-time-utc-plus-10.html
0.999999	Use this method to retrieve the membership history for a given constituent account. "name": "320 individual group 1" accountId Yes The account for which you would like to retrieve membership history. 10131 Account id is required. 10132 Account id is invalid.	2019-04-19T16:38:03	https://developer.neoncrm.com/api/memberships/list-membership-history/
0.999985	WHAT, another award for creativity in advertising? Yes, but this new one has some old hands at the helm. Nancy Ross, who for 16 years helped run the Clio Awards, is teaming with two experienced French and British executives to create a global awards competition called the Crestas, Cresta being a telescoped version of creative standards. And to bolster the fledging award, the Cresta organization has won the support of the International Advertising Association, the worldwide federation representing agencies, advertisers and media in 85 countries. The association's imprimatur is intended to assure potential participants of the new award's viability in the same fashion that the Good Housekeeping Seal of Approval is intended to assure shoppers buying bleach or bedding. That a nascent honor would seek such support is not surprising, given that the organizations bestowing ad awards have been suffering through more turmoil than one of those model stomachs in an old Bufferin commercial. The trouble stems from the debacle that devastated the Clios in 1991, when those awards, arguably once the most prestigious in advertising, collapsed amid the chaos of disrupted and canceled ceremonies. Seeking to capitalize on Clio's questioned credibility, entrepreneurs have begun making additional forays into the already-crowded realm of ad awards, while organizers of some existing awards have tried to broaden their scope by adding categories or expanding into additional countries. "Our aim is not to be just another awards show," Ms. Ross said yesterday during an interview in midtown Manhattan. She left the Clios in May 1991 in a dispute with Bill Evans, the longtime owner whose financial difficulties at Clio Enterprises Inc., as manifested by the troubled ceremonies, eventually forced the Clios into bankruptcy. "This sounded appealing to me, and exciting to me," she added, "and I came to the realization that advertising awards were still in my life." The Cresta partners, under the name Creative Standards International, expect to spend in excess of $100,000 to get the awards under way, she said. One of Ms. Ross's partners in the Crestas, Alain Weill, the founder and former director of the Musee de la Publicite in Paris, said: "One point that all people in this industry think is extremely important is reliability. They need and want an award that's reliable." The other partner is Andrew Rawlins, an Englishman who is the founder and president of Epica, an organization based in the Paris suburb of Suresnes that honors advertising creativity in Europe. Ms. Ross and Mr. Weill said that Epica would continue as a separate organization. Norman Vale, director general at the International Advertising Association, said that in exchange for his group's endorsement of the Crestas, it would receive an annual income, which he declined to quantify, from entry fees, which were set at $100 per entry or $200 per two- to three-item campaign. He added that the funds would be applied toward the Campaign for Advertising, the association's worldwide campaign explaining to consumers the benefits of advertising, which began last fall. The deadline for Cresta entries is May 31; an awards ceremony is planned sometime in October. More information may be obtained by writing to an office Cresta is scheduled to open on Monday, at 432 Park Avenue South, suite 602, New York, N.Y. 10016. The formation of the Crestas is yet another daunting challenge to attempts to revive the Clios being undertaken by James M. Smyth, a veteran commercial production executive who bought rights to that award earlier this month from Ruth L. Ratny, a Chicago trade publisher who organized a Clio ceremony last year to mixed reaction. Despite the ever-lengthening list of competitive honors, "I don't have any animosity for any of them," Mr. Smyth said in a telephone interview from Chicago. "Clio should be saved," he added, "because it is still a very well-known, and well-respected, award. And anyone who knows me says this is the guy who should be the steward of the Clios." He said he would spend $1 million to scour off the tarnish befouling the award "by the time I'm finished," which he estimated would take three years. Mr. Smyth has set a Clio entry deadline for March 8, and has tentatively scheduled an awards ceremony for June 28 in New York. He has also moved Clio headquarters from Chicago back to New York, at 400 Madison Avenue, suite 1208, New York, N.Y. 10017. Despite the problems faced by Clio, which has set some industry executives to rethink the value of honors, Mr. Smyth said that restoring it was a worthwhile task: "Awards are important in advertising, in that sometimes the paycheck doesn't do it."	2019-04-24T00:15:52	http://advercloud.com/Resources/International-Advertising-Awards.php
0.998906	Relying on free email services - even GMail - can be an unnecessary risk. Fortunately GMail makes it possible, even easy, to backup your email. You've mentioned backing up GMail to somewhere on your own computer; how do you do that? In part, I recommend it because I can answer this question. GMail is easy to backup. In a nutshell, the way to backup GMail to your own machine is to use a "traditional" email client, like Outlook, Outlook Express, Thunderbird or others, and configure them to use GMail's POP3 access to download your mail. Now, depending on how you use GMail there are a couple of approaches to doing this. First let's set you up with POP3 access. POP3 is the way traditional email programs that run on your PC get your email from your ISP. One of the reasons I recommend GMail is that they support using POP3 to download mail from your GMail account. To start, you'll need an email program. Chances are you already have Outlook Express on your machine, and while that's better than nothing I actually recommend Thunderbird, also free, as good, reliable and feature rich email program. Perhaps most importantly for our backup purposes, your email in Thunderbird is stored as text files rather than Outlook Express's proprietary and somewhat error prone DBX files. "Once configured, when you go do download or 'check for new mail' using your email program you'll get your GMail." Once you have an email program, GMail's online help has instructions for configuring POP3 access in many popular email programs. Here are instructions for configuring Thunderbird. Once configured, when you go do download or "check for new mail" using your email program you'll get your GMail. The first time it could be a lot, depending on how long you've been using GMail and how much email you have. Do that periodically, and the mail that's store on your machine is your backup should you ever lose anything from GMail. You might even consider backing up those files along with your regular PC backups. And of course, you could consider simply using your email program instead of the GMail web interface, since you now have that as an option. If at any time you want to re-download all the mail in your GMail account, you can. GMail help includes instructions to backup all mail by forcing GMail to download all email, even that which might have been downloaded before. That's a good way to create a snapshot at any point in time. How do I backup my Outlook Express email? Backing up your Outlook Express email can be done with a few easy steps. How can I archive email in my free email account? Backing up a free email account is best done by downloading it to a PC-based mail program. Some services support it, others need a trick or two. If you`re using Hotmail and Thunderbird, a useful extension is (strangely enough) WebMail. Although Hotmail is not supposed to be a POP service, this extension works fine and downloads my Hotmail.co.uk and Yahoo.co.uk accounts to Thunderbird seamlessly. Also claims to be able to deal with five other web mail domains as well, but I can`t vouch for those! I backup my Gmail account in a different, yet easier method. I created another email account (yahoo), and using the Gmail rules, all incoming GMail emails are automatically forwarded to the yahoo email account. I also use this backup method for files I want to keep. I email the file to Gmail, which automatically forwards to yahoo. I then have the file located on three different places: my own PC, Gmail & Yahoo. I do not use this method for proprietary files. What does this backup backup? Only mails, that are in inbox? What about mails that are in send folder?!? Or mails that are in archive folder? Drafts? I am frustrated with the fact that I only have list of e-mails that I have send out in my inbox not recieved ones. It is always me, someone. I want to see recieved e-mails not just the one I have send out. could you please help. can i read my inbox even if im offline? Having been a fan of firefox and seen you post, I was greatly encouraged and used Thunderbird2.0 to backup my gmail. My gmail is fairly large (2GB) and, in more than 1 day, I downloaded 60% of it, and the program crashed. I tried to resume the backup, the program re-started by repeating the download right from the first email again. Tried all kinds of solutions suggested in the internet including uninstalling and wipe the program from the system and re-installing. It kept making the mistake as far as the program is interrupted while downloading the emails from gmail. After wasting 2 days, I gave up and used outlook from Microsoft, which worked perfectly. Although I really do not like Microsoft, I could not afford to waste time to just playing around with a problematic software. You could also just set up Thunderbird to check Gmail through IMAP. It keeps it synced for you and I have had no problems with it. You could also back it up using Gmail Backup. How do I back up archived files; i.e., 500+ saved recipes that I've g-mailed to myself? I found this http://www.gmailkeeper.com what interests me is that it can schedule the backup jobs and supports multiple gmail accounts. regarding gmail, it is my understanding that gmail does not have a "folder" system, therefore if you transfer all of your hotmail email......you will get a very long list of email and not individual folders.....havent looked at this recently, but this was my last understanding. then re-run email pop3 download. I use a free back up email program called MailStore. I use it to back up Hotmail, Thunderbird, etc. The site is : mailstore.com to check it out. Yahoo's mail, Flickr and IM interface are superior to the Google counterparts. Especially the tabbed interface in Mail Plus that allows you to switch between mails without closing them. In addition Gmail makes e-mails spontaneously disappear (it is all over the web, do a Google search). When you do business you do not want these kinds of things to happen. Yahoo's mail data-integrity is more reliable than Gmail's. gmail is still the best by far. all my site emails are directed to my gmail for reading and pricessing and reply. with google talk and the simplest interface no email service comes close and not to mention the lightning speed. What I don't understand is, if you delete an email on your gmail, wont it also delete that same email on Thunderbird? So how does that backup your gmail emails? If you're using POP3 to download your email, then no, deleting in GMail does NOT delete the same message in Thunderbird. I already use thunderbird to access my gmail through IMAP. But I would also like to use this technique to backup gmail through POP3. It doesn't seem that Thunderbird will let me -- it keeps saying that I already have an email account set up for this email address, my IMAP one, and it won't let me create another one for POP. Can I still use your POP method for backup? ok good tip about backing up your email. HOWEVER i used Thunderbird and i can see that it only downloaded last years mail . Question ? how do I download the earlier mail? I HAVE ALREADY DELETED MY GMAIL ACCOUNT BUT I WAS NOT AWARE OF BACKUP, SO I HAVE LOST ALL THE PHOTOS IN PICASO .HOW TO RETRIVE IT PLZ HELP. thnkzzzzzz ur article was really helpful!!!!!!!! is there a way of bcking up gmail to a fingernail file? No idea what you mean by "fingernail file". Sorry. How do you go about backing up your sent mail? Thank you for the directions, I found this to be quite helpful and to the point. My Gmail account is a 97% full and I don't want to buy more space, I would rather back it up, now I know an easy way. I in fact do use gmail as my primary account, I find it better and more reliable than any other e-mail service I have used. I travel internationally and gmail seems to have fast connectivity no matter what country I am in, and what device I am using to access it. Leo, why POP and not IMAP? I installed Thunderbird and downloaded all my gmail (lots!), but I'm beginning to understand that if I delete it in gmail, it doesn't delete it in POP, so the file in Thunderbird (I suppose) grows ever larger? Or is the idea that you delete it in TB as well? Have you ever used Gmail Backup or MailStore to backup gmail? IMAP's a valid solution if you understand how IMAP works (I'm using it these days as well). Most people are more familiar with POP, and since a delete in a POP-downloaded installation doesn't delete the original on the server it's somewhat safer, IMO. I need some urgent help - How can I backup the chats and mails from and to a particular mail ID in my gmail account? I need to keep a copy in some CD/ hard disk and delete these chats/ mails from gmail once i have a backup. Please suggest the easiest and safest way possible. If we backup, and if we create another account (with different name), will we be able to import the old email back? One way to export emails from one account to another is to forward them to the new account. It'd not perfect and the date sorting won't work, but at least they will be in the new account's folders. in which archiver i can archive 27gb Email form my gmail account. Thunderbird support 15gb archive eamil. please suggest me any good archiver. You're not looking for an "archiver", you're just looking for an email program that can download the email. I would expect Thunderbird to work just fine (I'm NOT suggesting you use Thunderbird's archive feature, just download the mail). If not any good email program should do. Microsoft Office Outlook 2007 or better would probably be my next choice.	2019-04-19T10:38:50	http://ask-leo.com/how_do_i_backup_my_gmail.html
0.999664	The phrase a priori is a Latin term which literally means before (the fact). When used in reference to knowledge questions, it means a type of knowledge which is derived without experience or observation. Many consider mathematical truths to be a priori, because they are true regardless of experiment or observation and can be proven true without reference to experimentation or observation. For example, 2 + 2 = 4 is a statement which can be known a priori. When used in reference to arguments, it means an argument which argues solely from general principles and through logical inferences. The term a posteriori literally means after (the fact). When used in reference to knowledge questions, it means a type of knowledge which is derived from experience or observation. Today, the term empirical has generally replaced this. Many empiricists, like Locke and Hume, have argued that all knowledge is essentially a posteriori and that a priori knowledge isn't possible. The distinction between a priori and a posteriori is closely related to the distinctions between analytic/synthetic and necessary/contingent. A Priori Knowledge of God? Some have argued that the very idea of a "god" is an "a priori" concept because most people at least have not had any direct experience of any gods (some claim to have, but those claims cannot be tested). To have developed such a concept in such a way means that there must be something behind the concept and, therefore, God must exist. Against this, atheists will often argue that so-called "a priori concepts" are little more than baseless assertions — and merely asserting that something exists doesn't mean that it does. If one is feeling generous, the concept can be categorized as a fiction. We do, after all, have plenty of concepts of mythical creatures like dragons without actually encountering one. Does that mean that dragons must exist? Of course not. Humans are creative and inventive. Humans have created all sorts of fantastical ideas, concepts, creatures, beings, etc. The mere fact that a human being is capable of imagining something does not justify anyone concluding that that "thing" must also exist out there in the world, independently of human imagination. A Priori Proof of God? Logical and evidential proofs of the existence of gods run into lots of problems. One way that some apologists have attempted to avoid those problems is to construct a proof that doesn't depend on any evidence at all. Known as ontological proofs of God, these arguments purport to demonstrate that some sort of "god" exists based entirely on a priori principles or concepts. Such arguments have a host of their own problems, not the least of which is that they seem to be trying to define "God" into existence. If that were possible, then anything we can imagine would instantly exist simply because we willed it to be so and were capable of using fancy words. That's not a theology that can be taken very seriously, which is probably why it's typically only found in the ivory towers of theologians and ignored by the average believer. A Posteriori Knowledge of God? If it's impossible to establish knowledge of any gods independent of experience, isn't it still possible to do so with experience — to cite people's experiences of a demonstration that a posteriori knowledge of a god is possible? Perhaps, but that would require being able to demonstrate that what the people in question experienced was a god (or was the particular god they claim it to have been). To do so, the people in question would have to be able to demonstrate an ability to distinguish between whatever a "god" is and anything else that might appear to be a god, but isn't. For example, if an investigator claims that a victim of an animal attack was attacked by a dog and not a wolf, they would need to be able to demonstrate that they have the skills and knowledge necessary to distinguish between the two then provide, then provide the evidence they used to reach that conclusion. At least, if you happened to own the dog that was being accused, you'd do that to challenge the conclusion, right? And if they couldn't provide all of that, wouldn't you want your dog to be declared innocent of the attack? That's the most reasonable and rational approach to such a situation, and the claim that someone has experienced some sort of god doesn't deserve anything less, surely. Theories in Epistemology: Are Our Senses Reliable?	2019-04-21T18:36:40	https://www.learnreligions.com/priori-vs-a-posteriori-types-of-knowledge-3863702
0.999759	What is 4G (Fourth Generation Wireless)? The G in 4G means it's a generation of wireless technology. While most generations have technically been defined by their data transmission speeds, each has also been marked by a break in encoding methods, or "air interfaces," which make it incompatible with the previous generation. 4G is the short name for fourth-generation wireless, the stage of broadband mobile communications that will supersede the third generation (3G ). Carriers who use orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) instead of time division multiple access (TDMA) or code division multiple access (CDMA) are increasingly marketing their services as being 4G, even when their data speeds are not as fast as the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) specifies. According to the ITU, a 4G network requires a mobile device to be able to exchange data at 100 Mbit/sec. A 3G network, on the other hand, can offer data speeds as slow as 3.84 Mbit/sec.	2019-04-18T16:26:18	http://edit.dialogic.com/glossary/4g-fourth-generation-wireless
0.999983	Review for the film " The Stoneman Murders" Plot: The Stoneman Murders is based on a real life incident of killings in Mumbai in 1983. A serial killer called as Stoneman, by the media, used a stone as his weapon to crush heads of the pavement dwellers. He happened to claim his fifth victim who is of little interest to the Bombay Police. Sanjay Shelar, a suspended sub-inspector, wants to investigate and find out the murderer, to regain his position. With the help of a secret aid of his AIG, Sanjay takes the tedious task hunting down the killer. The real police officer who is supposed to handle the case Kedar, more often than not, clashes with Sanjay over the murderer. Thus, they separately investigate over the matter. While Sanjay takes up the case as a serious business, his wife thinks, he is having an affair. While the real police officer, handling the case thinks the murderer is linked to Sanjay, and performing some tribal ritual, later, in fact, shoots him, Sanjay feels different. In the end, Kamble, turns out, as the killer and attacks Sanjay, but both were successfully saved by the police. Kamble’s arrest closes the matter there itself. Later, it is revealed that a man with a voice similar to Satam is performing a sacred ritual and asks another person to give him nine offerings of humans, but this time, people from Calcutta. Analysis: The story is as confusing as I had taken the time to comprehend while I saw the movie. Based on the real incidents, it tried to suit the taste of the general audience by adding a tad bit of jealousy, a rivalry between two police officers, aspiring a promotion by solving a complicated case like this. Out of all the unconventional actors present, in the industry, Kay Kay Menon seems to taut portrayals of his man on edge characters, in a very convincing manner. In this movies, he portrays an aggressive cop who wants to solve the mystery of the Stoneman murderer genuinely, even though his force differs from him, based on a custodial killing done in past. On the other hand, Arbaaz is shown as an able, strong character, who breaks bones of pickpockets here and there, this being his daily work. The film has ample potential for a thrill, which it arduously tries to cover throughout the movie, but the blending seems a little too disproportionate, as it loses track somewhere. Amidst all this tension, the weak link is the wife, who has a supporting actor role, but is a weak character. Verdict: It’s a one time watch!	2019-04-26T07:59:33	https://nettv4u.com/movie-review/hindi/the-stoneman-murders
0.998503	Open to all! Bring your dog on a 6 foot (or shorter) leash and have fun walking and talking with other people while your dog gets to spend some time socializing in a pack. The only rule is dogs should stay 3 feet apart at all times. The route I have planned is about 1.3 miles and my goal is for it to take 1 hour or less.	2019-04-21T19:07:50	https://causeforcanines.org/events/2017/7/12/pack-walk
0.999999	In short, Allison was bored. Finally having a bed on Wednesday, she'd slept most of the day and night, making the most of the free time. After that, she'd begun doing a little more exploring. She kept out of most people's ways, didn't go into any rooms she was told not to, but finally she found a book shelf, and spent a while looking through the titles, before picking one, and retreating to Stiles' room. She hadn't seen him at all, and she missed him. "I know." She teased, closing the book and turning on her side to look at him. "But I haven't seen you all day, and I missed you, so I figured if I came straight here, you'd show up eventually." "Busy life of a slave," Stiles said as he grinned a little at Allison as they laid in his bed facing each other. "I was going to go see you after my nap. You are in the connected room and only right through the bathroom after all." Stiles had checked up on Allison while she had slept most of Wednesday, making sure there was water and something for her to snack on when she got up. "So you and Derek talked? And you are still alive?" Stiles hadn't been able to ask Derek about Allison the night before and he didn't want to go ask him now either. So he would ask Allison. "We talked a lot." She nodded, propping herself up on her elbow. "Laura caught me out there, Derek explained, she told him to bring me to the house so here I am." She thought back to her talk with Derek - one that had gone surprisingly well, considering the history between their families. "He apologised. Appreciated that I told him the truth. We... talked about her. About why he liked her, about what she was like." Allison wondered if it was almost cathartic for him to talk about it, but she didn't pretend to psychoanalyse him - she barely even knew him." She smiled faintly. "Said that he'll protect me for as long as I'm in the house." "Told you he was a good guy," Stiles said forcing a grin on his lips even if the strange knotting feeling reappeared in his chest when Allison mentioned how much Derek cared about Kate. He tried to push the feeling aside because he didn't need to add it to all of the others he was feeling at that moment. "I want you to stay here," Stiles said as he looked at Allison. He was talking before he was fully thinking over what he was saying. "When the snow melts I want you to stay here with the Hales. They will take care of you." "Stiles..." She trailed off, and frowned. A part of her wanted to. A part of her was happy here, with Stiles especially, and Derek was good to her. But then with Eterna... It was complicated. She looked down at her lap and shook her head. "I want to. I do. But Eterna would never let me stay. And if she found out they were hiding me here... She's vicious, she's violent. I don't want her to hurt anyone here because of me. Then Derek'll think I'm like her, that I've... brought trouble to him." "Derek and Laura will buy you from her," Stiles said as he looked at Allison. "I have been checking my journal and there hasn't been a mention about you from her all week. She hasn't even notice you are gone." Stiles yawned and shook his head before he grinned at her. "And let Derek deal with Eterna, not you, he is the Master after all." "Eterna would have to want to sell me, and I doubt she would. She wouldn't want people to know that I'd run away, that she was incompetent enough to let me run away, but that doesn't mean she's not planning on hunting me down the first chance she gets." Seeing him yawn, she curled up to him closer, kissing his forehead. "I want to go home. See dad, let him know I'm okay, let your dad know you're okay. Which yknow, I'd tell him even if you weren't." She smiled at him encouragingly. "You are okay, right?" "You know I'm ok," Stiles said looking at Allison because it was clear Derek wasn't the only think he had been thinking about lately. "And how do you even know you will be able to find the camps? Or the right one? Or if your dad isn't even in the camps?" "I just have to... hope that I can." She shrugged, looking away sadly. "I need him to know that I'm alive, that I'm okay, and he'll only believe that from me." She laughed, ruffling his hair. "Don't you worry about me, I can take care of myself just fine." "I know you can but that doesn't mean I don't want you to go," Stiles said softly looking at Allison. "It has been really nice to have someone here that knew me from the camps. That doesn't expect me to be anything but myself." "Why? Who expects you to be something you're not?" She frowned, concerned. Had Derek upset him in some way? "Stiles, what's the matter? And I might not be a werewolf, but I bet I can still tell if you're lying." "Nothing is wrong," Stiles lied not wanting to worry Allison at all. She already had enough to deal with. "I'm ok, I promise." Stiles smiled at Allison and gave her a little shove. "Just... think about staying ok? I know you want to see your dad and maybe we can talk Derek into going on a trip to see them..." "Stiles..." She frowned, sitting up, and hugging herself. "I swear, if he's done something to upset you, you can tell me." She smiled weakly at the shove, and nodded. "I'll think about it, at least - is that good enough? And you know Derek won't go on a trip to see them... They'll hurt him, and knowing who my dad's sister was... I'm not sure he'd keep calm." "I'm fine, Ally. Promise. It is just something I have to work out on my own," Stiles said trying to reassuring the female because she looked about ready to go off and face Derek even though the werewolf had no clue what he had done. "We could go with him and maybe slip into the camp. See our dads for a couple of moments and slip out?" Stiles offered though even as he said he knew it was pointless. Derek would never go for it: with them or alone. Definitely not after what happened last time he went to the camps. "If they saw us, would they ever let us go back?" She smiled sadly, shrugging. Sitting up, she hugged her knees, trying to think of a way everyone would win. That Stiles could stay if he wanted, she could leave, and that she didn't go back to Eterna. "Maybe.... Maybe we can get word to them. Meet them somewhere neutral, make them promise to not bring back up, and then... then we get to see them, and if I want to stay, I just... go back with them." She hoped the 'if' gave him hope, before sitting back again. "We would have to find a way to get word to them and I am pretty sure that is impossible," Stiles said as he looked at Allison. The more they talked about and the different scenarios they could try the less likely Stiles thought it would happen. Allison was going to leave him and he would be alone again. "It is ok that you want to leave, Allison. I understand." Allison frowned, looking away as Stiles made his point. There was a lump in her throat, one that shouldn't be there because she was supposed to be strong, and she just closed her eyes. "I miss my dad." She said at last, the honesty easier when she didn't have to look him in the face. "I'm scared of what he's like with no family around him. And if I stay here... I don't even know what I am. Not a Hale slave, because Eterna's bought me, and not her's because we both know I can't go there." She smiled sadly. "At least you've found somewhere you're happy. That's what matters." "You matter too," Stiles said as he frowned as well. He hated what Allison was saying, how she sounded, because she sounded so broken and disheartened. "But I understand Allison and as much as I want you to stay I will do anything I can so you can get home to your dad, ok?"	2019-04-18T10:26:02	http://asylums.insanejournal.com/childofeden_rp/76425.html
0.999992	My favourite kind of meeting is an ‘after action review’. It’s that meeting when you get the team back together again, once the dust has settled, and you talk about what happened, why it happened, and how it could have gone better. For communications professionals, it can be really hard to stop and think. Often we feel we are on a hamster wheel: constantly in motion but always wondering whether we are really making forward progress. We work with really smart monitoring and evaluation experts (even measurement and results management experts) but they always seem to be in a different time-zone to us. “How’s it going?” we ask them. “Too soon to tell,” they almost always reply. Before they’ve got their baseline study, they won’t be drawn. Then they seem to be waiting for their mid-term evaluation. And even then, they seem to find shelter in waiting for the end-of-project review from the external consultants. But for us communications people, it’s a never ending check-list of “things-to-do”. Even when we can say “done” and cross something off our list, our boss appears at our desk and we realize that communications never really ends. If you want to stop the hamster-wheel, you need a structured process of feedback-loops and that is where my favorite meeting (the after action review) can become your best friend. Originally developed by the US Army, after action reviews have invaded the international development world via USAID, but they are all the rage in business circles and are becoming established as a knowledge management tool that builds “a culture of accountability”. Ten years ago, the Harvard Business Review showed how the US Army experience could enhance businesses and boost the bottom-line. An after action review is different from a ‘de-brief’ because it begins with a clear comparison of intended vs. actual results achieved. A de-brief is when a field operative’s experience is recorded and shared with those who were not in the field. An after action review is also different to a ‘post-mortem’, because it focuses on participant’s own actions and highlights the learning that can be taken forward by the participants themselves. A post-mortem involves trying to work out how or why something happened that your team was not directly involved in. For example, someone died, a funder cancelled their funding, a confidential document was leaked or a piece of negative media coverage appeared. What will I do less of? Reviews should never be about blame. The military say that rule one is “leave your stripes at the door”. These meetings have to be open and constructive. The discussions have to be non-judgmental and seek to create a consensus about the most important lessons to be learned. While they look at what happened in the past, they have to end with a focus on the way ahead. Before we at Well Told Story launched our #Shujaaz360 research, we had a planning session focused on objective setting. In our preparation phase, we reviewed progress on the critical path of our project plan. And after the launch, of course, we had an after action review. Some months later, when we launched similar research in Tanzania, we were able to plan on the basis of the lessons we had already learned, documented and shared. We work with our consulting clients in just the same way. We practice what we preach but we also preach what we practice. Once you make after action reviews a habit, something important happens to your planning process. You find yourself having before action reviews that pre-empt the actual after action review. People speak up before a mistake is made if they know that they will be called out later for holding their tongue. That’s the accountability culture the management gurus promised. The tighter the feedback loop, the better. That’s the moment the hamster wheel stops. And that’s when we communications professionals can prove we’re acting strategically, without having to wait for the end of project evaluation to be published. Richard Darlington is Head of Strategic Communications at Well Told Story. He is speaking at an international conference in Ethiopia next week about evaluating communications. This blog was first published by OnThinkTanks and WonkComms.	2019-04-24T04:49:03	http://www.welltoldstory.com/consulting-story-after-action-reviews-the-power-of-the-feedback-loop/
0.999999	Is temperature the most important factor influencing enzyme activity? Factor analysis is one of multivariate procedures that attempts to identify latent variables or factors. Those identified factors (or common latent dimensions) should explain the pattern of correlations within a set of observed (manifested) variables. Factor analysis is probably the most popular analyze that is used in attempting to reduce number of data that are sufficient in explanation the nature of observed constructs. The basic idea of factor analyze is to identify a small number of factors that explain most of the variance instead of operating with much larger number of manifest variables. Factor analysis can also be used to generate hypotheses regarding causal relations between variables. The most common one is called Principal Components Analysis. In this case a factor extraction method is used to form uncorrelated linear combinations of the observed variables. The first component has maximum variance. Further extracted components explain progressively smaller portions of the variance and the most important thing is that components do not share variance among themselves (they are all uncorrelated with each other). Unweighted Least-Squares Method is another factor extraction method. In this procedure sum of the squared differences between the observed and reproduced correlation matrices are minimized. 4∋≠;∋∞∋-7;∂∞†;+++⊇ 4∞†++⊇ ∋≈ †∋≤†++ ∞≠†+∋≤†;+≈ ∋∞†++⊇ ⊥++⊇∞≤∞≈ ⊥∋+∋∋∞†∞+ ∞≈†;∋∋†∞≈ †+∋† ∋+∞ ∋+≈† †;∂∞†+ †+ +∋=∞ ⊥++⊇∞≤∞⊇ †+∞ ++≈∞+=∞⊇ ≤+++∞†∋†;+≈ ∋∋†+;≠. 4 ≈∞≤∞≈≈∋++ ≤+≈⊇;†;+≈ †++ ∋⊥⊥†+;≈⊥ †+;≈ ∞≠†+∋≤†;≈⊥ ∋∞†++⊇ ;≈ †+∋† †+∞ ≈∋∋⊥†∞ ∋∞≈† +∞ †++∋ ∋ ∋∞††;=∋+;∋†∞ ≈++∋∋† ⊇;≈†+;+∞†;+≈. 3;†+ 0+;≈≤;⊥∋† 4≠;≈ 6∋≤†++;≈⊥ ;≈ †+∞ †+∋∋∞ +† †∋≤†++ ∋≈∋†+=∞ ≠∞ ∞≠†+∋≤† †∋≤†++≈ †++∋ †+∞ ++;⊥;≈∋† ≤+++∞†∋†;+≈ ∋∋†+;≠. 1≈ †+∞ ∞≈†;∋∋†∞≈ +† †+∞ ≤+∋∋∞≈∋†;†;∞≈ ≈⊥∞∋+∞⊇ ∋∞††;⊥†∞ ≤+++∞†∋†;+≈ ≤+∞††;≤;∞≈†≈ ∋+∞ ≈∞† ;≈ †+∞ ⊇;∋⊥+≈∋†. 6∋≤†++ †+∋⊇;≈⊥≈ ∋+∞ ∞≈∞⊇ †+ ∞≈†;∋∋†∞ ≈∞≠ ≤+∋∋∞≈∋†;†;∞≈ ;≈≈†∞∋⊇ †+∞ ;≈;†;∋††+ ≤+∋∋∞≈∋†;†+ ∞≈†;∋∋†∞≈. 4†⊥+∋. 7+;≈ †∋≤†++ ∞≠†+∋≤†;+≈ ∋∞†++⊇ ≤+≈≈;⊇∞+≈ †++≈∞ =∋+;∋+†∞≈ †+∋† ∋+∞ ∋ ≈∋∋⊥†∞ †++∋ †+∞ ∞≈;=∞+≈∞ +† ∋†† ⊥+†∞≈†;∋† =∋+;∋+†∞≈. 3+ †+;≈ ∞≠†+∋≤†;+≈ ∋∞†++⊇≈ †+∞ ∋†⊥+∋ +∞†;∋+;†;†+ +† †+∞ †∋≤†++≈ ∋+∞ ∋∋≠;∋;=∞⊇. 7+∞ †∋≈† +≈∞ +† †∋≤†++ ∞≠†+∋≤†;+≈ ∋∞†++⊇≈ ;≈ ≈∋∋∞⊇ 1∋∋⊥∞ 6∋≤†++;≈⊥. 1† ;≈ ⊇∞=∞†+⊥∞⊇ ++ 6∞††∋∋≈ ∋≈⊇ +∋≈∞⊇ +≈ ;∋∋⊥∞ †+∞+++. 7+∞ ⊇∋†∋ ≈++∞†⊇ +∋=∞ ∋ +;=∋+;∋†∞ ≈++∋∋† ⊇;≈†+;+∞†;+≈ †++ ∞∋≤+ ⊥∋;+ +† =∋+;∋+†∞≈, ∋≈⊇ ++≈∞+=∋†;+≈≈ ≈++∞†⊇ +∞ ;≈⊇∞⊥∞≈⊇∞≈†. 7+∞ †∋≤†++ ∋≈∋†+≈;≈ ∋+⊇∞† ≈⊥∞≤;†;∞≈ †+∋† =∋+;∋+†∞≈ ∋+∞ ⊇∞†∞+∋;≈∞⊇ ++ ≤+∋∋+≈ †∋≤†++≈ ∋≈⊇ ∞≈;⊥∞∞ †∋≤†++≈. 3∞≈;⊇∞≈, =∋+;∋+†∞≈ ;≈=+†=∞⊇ ;≈ †∋≤†++ ∋≈∋†+≈∞ ≈++∞†⊇ +∞ ⊥∞∋≈†;†∋†;=∞ ∋† †+∞ ;≈†∞+=∋† ++ +∋†;+ †∞=∞†. 0∋†∞⊥++;≤∋† ⊇∋†∋ (≈∞≤+ ∋≈ ≤+∞≈†++ +† ++;⊥;≈) ∋+∞ ≈+† ≈∞;†∋+†∞ †++ †∋≤†++ ∋≈∋†+≈;≈. 8∋†∋ †++ ≠+;≤+ 0∞∋+≈+≈ ≤+++∞†∋†;+≈ ≤+∞††;≤;∞≈†≈ ≤∋≈ ≈∞≈≈;+†+ +∞ ≤∋†≤∞†∋†∞⊇ ≈++∞†⊇ +∞ ≈∞;†∋+†∞ †++ †∋≤†++ ∋≈∋†+≈;≈. 1≈ ∋††∞∋⊥† ;+≈ †+ ⊥;=∞ ∋++∞ ⊥+∞≤;≈∞†+ ;≈†∞+⊥+∞†∋†;+≈≈ +† †∋≤†++≈ ≈∋†∞+∞ ≠∞ ≤∋≈ ∞≈∞ ⊥++≤∞⊇∞+∞≈ ≤∋††∞⊇ †∋≤†++ ++†∋†;+≈≈. 1≈ †+;≈ ≤∋≈∞ ≠∞ ≤∋≈ ⊥∞† ≤†∞∋+∞+ ⊥;≤†∞+∞ +† ≠+;≤+ =∋+;∋+†∞≈ ∋+∞ +;⊥+†+ ≤+++∞†∋†∞⊇ ≠;†+ †∋≤†++ ∋≈⊇ ≠+;≤+ +∋=∞ ;≈≈;⊥≈;†;≤∋≈† +∞†∋†;+≈ ≠;†+ ;†. 0++≤∞⊇∞+∞ +† †∋≤†++ ++†∋†;+≈≈ ≤∋≈ +∞ ++†++⊥+≈∋† ∋≈⊇ ≈+≈ ++†++⊥+≈∋†. - 8;+∞≤† 0+†;∋;≈ 4∞†++⊇ ;≈ ∋≈ ++†;⊥∞∞ (≈+≈++†++⊥+≈∋†) ++†∋†;+≈. 3+∞≈ ⊇∞††∋ ∞⊥∞∋†≈ 0 (†+∞ ⊇∞†∋∞††), ≈+†∞†;+≈≈ ∋+∞ ∋+≈† ++†;⊥∞∞. 4≈ ⊇∞††∋ +∞≤+∋∞≈ ∋++∞ ≈∞⊥∋†;=∞, †+∞ †∋≤†++≈ +∞≤+∋∞ †∞≈≈ ++†;⊥∞∞. -0∞∋+†;∋∋≠ 4∞†++⊇ ∋;≈;∋;=∞≈ †+∞ ≈∞∋+∞+ +† †∋≤†++≈ ≈∞∞⊇∞⊇ †+ ∞≠⊥†∋;≈ ∞∋≤+ =∋+;∋+†∞ ∋≈⊇ ≠∞ ≤∋≈ ≈∋+ ;† ≈;∋⊥†;†;∞≈ †+∞ ;≈†∞+⊥+∞†∋†;+≈ +† †+∞ ++≈∞+=∞⊇ =∋+;∋+†∞≈. - 9⊥∞∋∋∋≠ 4∞†++⊇ ;≈ ∋ ≤+∋+;≈∋†;+≈ +† †+∞ =∋+;∋∋≠ ∋∞†++⊇ ∋≈⊇ †+∞ ⊥∞∋+†;∋∋≠ ∋∞†++⊇. 7+∞ ≈∞∋+∞+ +† =∋+;∋+†∞≈ †+∋† †+∋⊇ +;⊥+†+ +≈ ∋ †∋≤†++ ∋≈⊇ †+∞ ≈∞∋+∞+ +† †∋≤†++≈ ≈∞∞⊇∞⊇ †+ ∞≠⊥†∋;≈ ∋ =∋+;∋+†∞ ∋+∞ ∋;≈;∋;=∞⊇.	2019-04-22T21:54:36	https://swopdoc.com/factor-analyse-tutorial.html
0.999798	Is "visual note-taking" the same thing as photography? sometimes I take images of things because I want to remember how the subject looked and how it was presented to me in real life. I want the visual note so I can incorporate it into the things that I write about. The images become reminders for me and at the same time they seem to me to be quixotic and serial segments of life in the real world. A concept in seeing the flow of modern life as it exists now. In the moment. In this instance. It will all change next week. Next year. Tomorrow. This will be a memory that provides a context when I think back about this particular period of time. It may not be relevant to anyone else. But should that matter? The Uncomfortable Purgatory of being on the wrong side of new gear announcements. Life in the trenches of visual content creation can be messy and uncomfortable. But few things are more uncomfortable than finally making the decision, after several months of research and exploration, to buy the state-of-the-art camera body only to have a newer, quicker, brighter and more appropriate, upgraded version announced while your acquisition is in transit to you. It just happened to all the people who waited for a month or so to read all the reviews and actually handled the Sony A7R2. When that camera was delivered less than two months ago the internet was on fire with hyperbole. That camera currently sits on top of the DXO charts for best overall still image quality while the video sites waxed euphoric about its wonderful, 4K in camera, video quality. With a generous nod to both its improved usability and also its graceful handling of high ISO settings. The only issue was one for videographers to grapple with, and that is potential overheating while using the in-camera 4K video settings. Apparently the problem is easily resolved by writing files to an external digital recorder. So, in sum: The best image quality of any current (non-medium format) consumer camera on the market today coupled with what might be the best 4k video solution for under $4,000. Why should we at VSL care? Well, I guess we really don't care that much in this situation. It's not like we're entirely video centric but the same thing seems to happen all the time on our side of the fence as well. We just get comfy with the Nikon D800 and the D810 comes along. The dust and oil problem of the D600 gets fixed in the D610 and we buy a couple only to have the somewhat superior D750 arrive hot on the heels of our purchase. The products become obsolete so quickly now, or at least that's the way we've been trained to think about the process. The reality is that the Olympus E1 in the image above is still a highly usable camera IF you are still using it as you did when you bought it a decade ago. Portraits for websites? Small prints? Street art? It's a wonderful camera for all of that. And the A7R2 is still the best big image camera on the market (well, we'll see when we fire up the comparison with the D810--- processing might count for something...) and that didn't change with the new arrival of the A7S-2. While some of the video features might be nice to have the difference in ISO performance will be of only mild interest to people who use the cameras for commercial production and the difference in frame crops is really kind of marginal. The shutter in the A7R2 is rated for 500,000 shots. That's years of useful life for even a heavy duty shooter. We ought to look at its productive life in that measure and not by the features that are introduced on other cameras, after the fact. I gauge the useful like of the A7R2 as about 3 to 4 years of working production. Emotionally its useful life might be measured in weeks IF you are only keeping score of the features. Should be fun when the older stuff starts to hit the used market. Sony is currently constructing a market filled with slightly used bargains. Better to look with happiness on the plethora of cheaply available, and good, back up cameras rather than to curse being T-boned by inevitable progress. ..	2019-04-18T22:56:16	https://visualsciencelab.blogspot.com/2015_09_14_archive.html
0.998904	make: * [src/Platform/CMakeFiles/MagnumSdl2Application.dir/Sdl2Application.cpp.o] Error 1 make: * [src/Platform/CMakeFiles/MagnumSdl2Application.dir/all] Error 2 Remove SDL.framework builds just fine. easyJet won't refund because it says 'no-show' but they denied boarding Is the person in the mirror an example of a philosophical zombie? Successful use of strtol() in C \Huge Text in Tabular touches table border Theoretically, could there be different types of protons and electrons? installation package-management qt configure qt3 share\|improve this question edited Nov 26 '13 at 12:44 asked Nov 26 '13 at 12:37 Leonardo Lima 3114 Which program are you trying to By joining our community you will have the ability to post topics, receive our newsletter, use the advanced search, subscribe to threads and access many other special features. Presumably, MacOSX10.8.sdk would be needed on 10.8, and etc. It begins by setting the initial positions for the listener position, velocity, and orientation. macemoneta View Public Profile View LQ Blog View Review Entries View HCL Entries View LQ Wiki Contributions Visit macemoneta's homepage! Join our community today! alGetError(); // clear any error messages // Generate buffers, or else no sound will happen! But my guess is that it was a stylistic choice (path names in include files don't seem to be common in this library). Once these wave files have been moved to their proper location, also add them to your project and place them in the Resources folder. gcc checking whether the C compiler (gcc ) works... Openal Tutorial C++ no checking for gethostbyname... Alcopendevice Reload to refresh your session. I spent hours on Google and the answer doesn't seem to exist. yes checking whether time.h and sys/time.h may both be included... thoughts? Check This Out Having a problem installing a new program? no checking for Mac OSX platform... yes checking for SDL_JoystickOpen... This was exactly the reason for using #include instead of #include . To solve the build problem, now for the actual cmake script I perhaps we can issue a warning since we are not supporting SDL anyways? If so, you'd need to install the libev-dev Ubuntu package.	2019-04-19T14:15:13	http://iembra.org/configure-error/configure-error-required-openal-header-file-not-found.php
0.999992	What to be aware of when considering power supply for a 100 watt amplifier? I have a TDA7294 IC and want to know what kind of power supply should I build for it so that it can work safely. I heard that even though it works on 12V DC there are other things to take into consideration when choosing the tansformer and designing the AC to DC converter, like amperes and watts. My current set up is the following: a transformer (input: 220V AC; output: AC2*12V) a rectifier and a 35V, 2200 uF capacitor. I know this is very cheap and low quality but can you explain why in principle wouldn't an amplifier like the above work properly with such power supply? How do I calculate the ideal values of these factors for a 100 watt amplifier? What everyone else says, but look carefully at the spec for the amp. What is its "power supply rejection ratio" (PSRR) ?? That tells you how much ripple will appear in the output. Modern amps usually have extremely high PSRR, which is a good thing. Well If your transformer can handle 10 to 12 amps output when you convert the 12 volts AC to DC you will actually get about 19 volts DC ripple. The reason for this is 12 volts AC is a mean average of 38 volts peak to peak between 19+ and 19-. Even with the capacitor there will be a ripple in your 19 volts, ripple can come through your amplifier. This must be checked under load, without a load the 19 volts ripple may be small, however under load the ripple can be much higher. So the smother your ripple under load the better. As long as the ripple under load doesn't drop below 14 to 15 volts you can use a high current 12 volt regulator to give you a nice 12 volts 10 amps and no ripple. The regulator for 12 volts 10 amps you will need to build. Power supply design is an advance thing that most electronic engineers would prefer to avoid if they can. It's best to buy one rather than trying to build you own. There are a great many problems with your current configuration. This PSU has to supply more than 100W of power at 12V to run the amp. So it should be able to offer around 10A. Can your transformer support that much current from the secondary coil? You'll also want a good clean 12V going into the amp. The more ripple on the 12V the worst your audio will be. So you'll need to figure out better filtering than a single cap. There are some fairly advanced calculations involved for determining the right cap. They you'll have to test multiple brands to find one that works best with your setup. The calculations are beyond me. Like i said just buy a good 120W or better 12V power supply and be done with it. You could even use a PC PSU as long as the 12V rail can support 10A or more. 100 watts at 12 volts is 8.3 amps. Can your power supply provide this much? PSU Ripple is translated into hum in an amplifying circuit, this often calls for more sophisticated filtering to ensure a good DC supply. What are your current problems I assume you have tried the amp on this PSU.	2019-04-20T14:54:43	https://www.instructables.com/topics/What-to-be-aware-of-when-considering-power-supply-/
0.999995	List Of Insurance Company Names - Find the Best AUTO INSURANCE now and SAVE Big! Many employment organizations usually make. The more documentation you can find less expensive vehicles cost more, but you have inspected everything, ask if it is the car, or other acts of rash driving - Accidents whilst. The cost by signing up online, due to the abyss. Similarly, do you know where your budget but there are only for the car. This gives them the portion of your auto coverage. The appeal of reaching customers at the insurance company's background as well as insurance companies out there money, so it's understandable that people with too much, you drive motor insurance, if you are required by the credit utilization score indicates someone's available. Being a complacent driver can save by comparing quotes, one for your first vehicle? It can become unprofitable if they targeted their actual audience, which is only £152 - considerably less than-optimal rates on your RV insurance rates. Changing the level of 740 or higher premiums if one of the vehicles you are in a reputable company. Generally, state laws and regulations differ greatly. It doesn't show the growth of no-win-no-fee cases that will save yourself a favor and check to see what you purchase your yearly premiums all at once. When filling out application forms or giving information in a form giving basic information on the type of discount so find out selling some more of his customers, he discovered the automatic inflation factor in how your mortgage company or find out what each coverage is definitely an advantage. Drivers under 25 or 21 year olds, cheap insurance for females is probably not nearly as damaging as a car can be important criteria to calculate the loading of ships, etc. They are advised to seek other ways of paying whatever premium your budget, but your list of insurance company names for their insurance premiums are calculated there are ways of reducing the cost down then third party property fire and forget approach to their regular counterparts. This makes comparison and finding the cheapest list of insurance company names option. This is done once a month for a marriage ceremony during the summer. Though participating in a driving instructor leaving you driving uninsured, and most importantly, your price comparisons. To summarise I would say one of the use of the inflation rate in the future. The next type that many people have collections of interesting list of insurance company names rates: When the potential client only to have list of insurance company names policy? Would you need to spend as much as 40% to your car is damaged, they will also help you look at a driver purchases a hybrid vehicle.	2019-04-21T12:07:16	http://auronix.me/insurance-company/list-of-insurance-company-names/
0.997344	Can anyone tell me approximately how much it might add to the cost of one's travel insurance if several hundred dollars in nonrefundable private (non ship) excursions are added? My TA's response was "not much." You'll probably get more and better choices for travel insurance from someone other than your travel agent (as shown by the answer to your question, which is just silly). CALL them, don't just rely upon the online summaries, as the fine print can really matter. We've used policies we purchased through TIS from Travel Insured. Our experience is that the cost of covering non-refundable excursions is no different from any other non-refundable costs, and --> it will depend upon the total of those extra costs. I have used Steve's insurance company before, but I made an error this time (and it won't happen again!) and failed to contact him within the required time for that all-important clause, so I had to go with the insurance from the TA this time as she has included it. I am just looking for something in the ballpark like: For every $500 of non refundable excursion costs, your trip insurance will increase by approximately 5% or by $10 or by ??? Contact Steve et al., again. There is at least one policy that might not have the short time requirement from initial purchase (it can be instead within 24 hours of final payment). If nothing else, just make a mock booking of purchasing insurance at Steve’s site. make a mock booking before the excursions, back out of his site, then add the excursions and see what the price difference is. I do not know what company your insurance is with, and your age is also a factor in the amount, but as a rough general rule of thumb you will pay approximately 10% of the value of the travel component being insured.	2019-04-25T17:11:35	https://boards.cruisecritic.co.uk/topic/2602038-cost-for-adding-non-refundable-excursions-to-travel-insurance/
0.998466	Help me teach myself enough about probability to properly balance the board game I want to design. I want to try my hand at designing a complex Risk-like war game, along the lines of the things that Fantasy Flight puts out. Unfortunately, to do it properly I think it will take more knowledge of probability than I have. I was a math minor in college, but at this point its been about six years since my last math class, and I never actually took a probability course. I need suggestions for books and websites that explain probability in an interesting and easy to understand manner. Bonus points if they focus their teaching around dice, since odds with dice are what I most need to figure out. Extra bonus points if, once I'm done teaching myself, I know enough that I could figure out the most likely results in any given combat in a Warhammer or Warhammer 40K game. Alternatively you could suggest good programs or tools for figuring stuff like this out, but I'm not sure I know enough to actually use the tools properly. I've already found dicelab, but wouldn't mind other tools as well, because dicelab is pretty complicated. Khan Academy is outstanding; he's got a series on probability. People seem to like Khan Academy -- I've never much looked at it. You might also try MIT's OpenCourseWare; relevant courses include 18.440 Probability and Random Variables (in the math department), 6.041 Probabilistic Systems Analysis and Applied Probability (in the EE/CS department). These are perhaps more "academic" than what you're looking for, though. math.stackexchange is a new, fairly good site for asking math questions. mathoverflow.net might be tempting but only if your questions are potentially interesting to an "intended audience [of] professional mathematicians, mathematics graduate students, and advanced undergraduates." Either of these might be good places to go if you try to self-teach and run into some trouble. Finally, I am a probabilist. (And I suspect I am not the only one on MeFi.) Feel free to memail me if you have any questions, although this is really a bit off-topic because you are not asking for fish, you are asking to be taught to fish. Playtest and update, playtest and update, playtest and update. Understanding probability will not tell you when a game mechanic feels right in play.	2019-04-20T23:16:59	https://ask.metafilter.com/161784/Help-me-learn-to-figure-out-dice-probability-for-games
0.999953	Consider the following code snippet:Why does each call fabricate the corresponding output? How does the number of braces affect uniform initialization? And how does brace elision affect all this? I'm compiling using g++ for C++ 17. I have the following:I don't understand why if I remove the double braces for the array it does not work anymore.	2019-04-18T12:32:07	https://www.developerfaqs.com/tag/brace-initialization/
0.999767	WASHINGTON/SEOUL (REUTERS) - US President Donald Trump has said that North Korea does not have any economic future with nuclear weapons as the Pentagon confirmed that the United States and South Korea had agreed to end joint large scale spring military exercises. "North Korea has an incredible, brilliant economic future if they make a deal, but they don't have any economic future if they have nuclear weapons," Mr Trump said at a Conservative Political Action Conference. He added that the relationship with North Korea seemed to be "very, very strong". According to a statement, acting Pentagon Chief Patrick Shanahan spoke with his South Korea counterpart on Saturday (March 2) and they agreed to adapt their training programmes. The two "made clear that the alliance decision to adapt our training programme reflected our desire to reduce tension and support our diplomatic efforts to achieve complete denuclearisation of the Korean Peninsula in a final, fully verified manner", the Pentagon said. South Korea's military issued a similar statement, also confirming plans to end the spring joint military exercises. Special Representative for Korean Peninsula Peace and Security Affairs Lee Do-hoon is planning on visiting the United States in the coming week to meet with US officials to discuss the second US-North Korea summit as well as the future agenda, according to a South Korean official. What's next after Hanoi summit? The Pentagon said the US and South Korea had agreed to "newly designed Command Post exercises and revised field training programs". US officials have long said the scope of the spring exercises, known as Foal Eagle and Key Resolve, would be reduced. Reuters and others reported on Friday that such an announcement would take place. To encourage talks, the United States and South Korea have suspended a number of military exercises since the first summit last year between North Korea leader Kim Jong Un and Mr Trump. In Vietnam this week, the second meeting between Mr Trump and Mr Kim ended without a deal on sanctions relief North Korea would get in exchange for steps to give up its nuclear programme. Mr Trump on Saturday addressed criticism from the parents of Mr Otto Warmbier, an American student who died after 17 months in a North Korean prison. They had complained when Mr Trump said at a Hanoi news conference that he believed Mr Kim had nothing to do with Mr Warmbier's death. Mr Trump said he was trying to maintain "a delicate balance" to coax the North Koreans into giving up their nuclear programme. The United States and North Korea have said they intend to continue talks, but have not specified when. Some observers credited Mr Trump for refusing to be drawn into a bad deal. Others criticised him for praising Mr Kim's leadership and accepting his assertion that he had been unaware of Mr Warmbier's treatment. Analysts believe that North Korea has 20 to 60 nuclear warheads which could threaten the US mainland if fitted to its intercontinental ballistic missiles. The United Nations and the United States ratcheted up sanctions when North Korea conducted nuclear and ballistic missile tests in 2017. Washington has demanded complete, verifiable and irreversible denuclearisation before sanctions can be lifted, a position that Pyongyang has denounced as "gangster like".	2019-04-23T20:11:30	https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/north-korea-has-no-economic-future-if-it-has-nuclear-weapons-says-trump
0.999996	Notice: At this time this setup is dependent on you installing a OS X app called UpShot. If you have windows/linux this guide will not work for you unless you use different software. If anyone that uses either of these OSes for personal computing would like to provide instructions for either/both then I will accept your pull request. TL;DR: Here is the guide if you don't wish to read the background. I recently had a good friend of mine, Sam Marks, show me a Dropbox-based screenshot sharing front-end that ran on his own domain. He had it setup so when he took a screenshot the URL dumped into his Copy/Paste buffer was his own domain (s.smarks.me). This was an idea that we had discussed a week or so ago but I had more or less forgotten about. All credit for the idea and 90%+ of the code goes to him, all I did was simply write up the instructions. It didn't take long to get it converted to JS and to embed all the files needed into index.html so that there would only be a single file loaded (aside from the Dropbox image load). The design is very simple and clean but if you wanted to spruce it up it wouldn't take much work to "make it your own". As my screenshots are randomly named it didn't sense to show the title of the image in the header of the page like Sam did in his so mine simply says "Screenshot" right now. Feel free to remove the header or change it to whatever you want if you wish. Without further ado here is the guide to set this up on your own AWS account: Github Readme. If you have any problems file a ticket on Github.	2019-04-21T12:06:26	https://joshstrange.com/how-to-setup-a-dropbox-backed-screenshot-sharing-website-with-your-own-domain-on-s3/
0.999997	The new Total Recall lacks the original film's sharp satirical angle, and the manic glares of Arnold Schwarzenegger have been overlaid with Colin Farrell's permanently-concerned eyebrows, but director Len Wiseman has been careful to maintain at least three elements in his remake. Kate Beckinsale's husband really cares about extraneous breast integrity. \n\nThe new Total Recall lacks the original film's sharp satirical angle, and the manic glares of Arnold Schwarzenegger have been overlaid with Colin Farrell's permanently-concerned eyebrows, but director Len Wiseman has been careful to maintain at least three elements in his remake. Kate Beckinsale's husband really cares about extraneous breast integrity.	2019-04-25T15:52:22	https://iwatchstuff.com/2012/06/new-total-recall-trailer-assures-8th-gra.php
0.99898	Abstract The laterally heterogeneous plant plasma membrane (PM) is organized into finely controlled specialized areas that include membrane-ordered domains. Recently, the spatial distribution of such domains within the PM has been identified as playing a key role in cell responses to environmental challenges. To examine membrane order at a local level, BY-2 tobacco suspension cell PMs were labelled with an environment-sensitive probe (di-4-ANEPPDHQ). Four experimental models were compared to identify mechanisms and cell components involved in short-term (1 h) maintenance of the ordered domain organization in steady-state cell PMs: modulation of the cytoskeleton or the cell wall integrity of tobacco BY-2 cells; and formation of giant vesicles using either a lipid mixture of tobacco BY-2 cell PMs or the original lipid and protein combinations of the tobacco BY-2 cell PM. Whilst inhibiting phosphorylation or disrupting either the cytoskeleton or the cell wall had no observable effects, we found that lipids and proteins significantly modified both the abundance and spatial distribution of ordered domains. This indicates the involvement of intrinsic membrane components in the local physical state of the plant PM. Our findings support a major role for the ‘lipid raft’ model, defined as the sterol-dependent ordered assemblies of specific lipids and proteins in plant PM organization. di-4-ANEPPDHQ, cell wall, cytoskeleton, lipid raft, membrane organization, ordered domains, protein-lipid interactions Introduction Plant cells are delimited by a plasma membrane (PM) that protects them against the external environment, and that also regulates what (and how much) enters the cell. The PM defines the boundary between the intracellular and extracellular space and also plays a major role in transducing various signals into the appropriate adaptive responses. Since the advent of the classic ‘Fluid Mosaic Model’, consisting of a homogeneous lipid bilayer with embedded proteins arranged as mosaic-like structures (Singer and Nicolson, 1972), multiple lines of evidence have suggested the presence of a nanoscale lateral heterogeneity with regards to the composition and biophysical properties of plant PMs. One of the original concepts developed within this framework is the ‘lipid raft’ model (Simons and Ikonen, 1997; Simons and Gerl, 2010; Nicolson, 2014), which is based on the sub-division of membranes into regions further defined as ‘small (10–200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched domains’ (Pike, 2006). According to this model, preferential interactions between cholesterol and sphingolipids generate liquid-ordered (Lo) phase separation (Phillips et al., 1970; Shimshick and McConnell, 1973; Grant et al., 1974; Lentz et al., 1976), in which the resulting membrane domains are highly ordered and tightly packed relative to the surrounding regions (Simons and Sampaio, 2011). The similar ability of plant-specific sterols to form an Lo phase has been reported in PM-purified fractions (Roche et al., 2008) as well as in living tobacco cells (Gerbeau-Pissot et al., 2014), with diffing capabilities to stabilize the lipid bilayer depending on the phytosterol structure (Rujanavech et al., 1986; Schuler et al., 1990, 1991; Hartmann, 1998; Halling and Slotte, 2004). This capacity of phytosterols to modulate the size and proportion of the Lo phase in the model membrane has been associated with their ability to interact with plant sphingolipids (Grosjean et al., 2015). Enrichment in sterols and sphingolipids has been identified for detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) fractions from the PMs of tobacco (Mongrand et al., 2004; Moscatelli et al., 2015), Arabidopsis thaliana (Borner et al., 2005; Minami et al., 2009), Medicago truncatula (Lefebvre et al., 2007), leek (Laloi et al., 2007), maize and bean (Carmona-Salazar et al., 2011), confirming their association within specific membrane regions. In the tobacco PM, use of immunogold electron microscopy has revealed localization of glycosyl inositol phosphorylceramide (GIPC), the major class of sphingolipids in plants, within 35-nm diameter domains (Cacas et al., 2016). Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is similarly found in ~25-nm diameter clusters (Furt et al., 2010), suggesting that there is a heterogeneous spatial distribution of the lipids on a nanometre scale. Furthermore, various proteins have also shown a grouped distribution (about 70 nm in size) in tobacco leaf (Raffaele et al., 2009), tobacco BY-2 suspension (Noirot et al., 2014), and Arabidopsis (Li et al., 2012) cells. Plant cell PMs are thus covered with different types of domains enriched in specific membrane-resident proteins (Jarsch et al., 2014). Interestingly, the integrity of some of these protein clusters is sensitive to the amount of sterol, as observed after methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD)-induced sterol depletion (Vereb et al., 2000; Raffaele et al., 2009), which suggests sterol-driven formation of these protein-enriched domains. Furthermore, a close relationship between the sterol amount and polar localization of auxin efflux carriers has been proposed, since sterol methyltransferase 1 (SMT1) and sterol-dependent endosomal recycling are essential in maintaining the polar localization of PIN1 and PIN3 (Willemsen et al., 2003), in addition to PIN2 (Men et al., 2008; Titapiwatanakun and Murphy, 2009). While lipid-driven segregation can be coupled with additional actin cytoskeleton-based processes to spatially organize the dynamic status of membrane proteins in animal cells (Lenne et al., 2006), no similar actin-dependent mechanisms have yet been fully described in plant cells. Nevertheless, interactions and crosstalk between microtubules and microfilaments have been reported in plant cells (Petrásek and Schwarzerova, 2009), revealing the role of microtubule organization in modulating plant protein motility (Szymanski et al., 2015; Lv et al., 2017). Furthermore, the pattern of cellulose deposition in the cell wall has been shown to strongly affect the trajectory and speed of PM protein diffusion in Nicotiana tabacum leaves (Martinière et al., 2012), suggesting the involvement of the cell wall in regulating plant PM lateral organization. These previous reports indicate that the plant PM consists of heterogeneously distributed components, in which grouped localization has been demonstrated for some lipid raft markers, including proteins and lipids. However, few studies have characterized the spatial distribution of these clusters at the whole-cell scale. Nonetheless, these data have independently described specific ways that, either alone or in combination, can account for PM spatial organization in plant cells (Ovecka et al., 2010; Li et al., 2012; Gerbeau-Pissot et al., 2014; Sandor et al., 2016), and they justify a comprehensive analysis of the global mechanisms responsible for the distribution of ordered domains. In order to obtain a snapshot evaluation of the respective influence of each of these different molecular and cellular elements on the features of PM lateral organization, we have compared the biophysical properties of several experimental systems with decreasing complexity, all of which correspond to tobacco BY-2 cells in a resting state. We used di-4-ANEPPDHQ, a lipid packing-sensitive dye capable of assessing different levels of membrane order, coupled with confocal microscopy. This approach allowed us to measure the global level of membrane order of the entire PM together with the spatial distribution of ordered domains in either intact tobacco cells, cells with a disrupted cytoskeleton, or cells devoid of a cell wall. The same parameters were also measured in model membranes including giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) composed of lipids extracted from the tobacco PM, and giant vesicles of native PMs (GVPMs) from tobacco cells (see Fig. 1 for rationale). Our comprehensive comparisons of the individual ability of membrane and cell elements to modify membrane order revealed a major role for lipids in promoting the formation of ordered domains, and the capacity of proteins to limit this formation. Our results suggest that PM components appear to act together to regulate plant PM heterogeneity, whilst neither the cytoskeleton nor the cell wall seem to play a significant role in the short-term control of ordered domain distribution within steady-state cell PMs. Phosphorylation events also failed to regulate PM organization of tobacco cells in a resting state. Finally, we discuss how our results may support the ‘lipid raft’ model in our understanding of the mechanisms that control the spatial distribution of ordered domains within the plant PM. Fig. 1. View largeDownload slide Different models used to characterize the cellular determinants of plasma membrane order. (A) Intact whole BY-2 suspension cells in which the plasma membrane, composed of ordered domains (in orange), is tightly connected with the underlying filaments of the cytoskeleton network and/or the surrounding fibres of the cell wall meshwork. (B) Treatment of BY-2 suspension cells with chemicals disrupts the cytoskeletal components. (C) Protoplasts obtained by enzymatic digestion of BY-2 suspension cells. (D) Giant vesicles were either formed from the whole diversity of tobacco PM lipids (giant unilamellar vesicles, GUVs) or from the direct electrofusion of purified PM vesicles, thus containing both proteins and lipids in their original amounts (giant vesicles of native plasma membrane, GVPMs). Samples were observed by microscopy, using either differential interference contrast (DIC; in grey-scale), or fluorescence after di-4-ANEPPDHQ labelling (excitation at 488 nm; emission acquired in a 520–680 nm band-pass, in yellow). Scale bars are 5 µm. Fig. 1. View largeDownload slide Different models used to characterize the cellular determinants of plasma membrane order. (A) Intact whole BY-2 suspension cells in which the plasma membrane, composed of ordered domains (in orange), is tightly connected with the underlying filaments of the cytoskeleton network and/or the surrounding fibres of the cell wall meshwork. (B) Treatment of BY-2 suspension cells with chemicals disrupts the cytoskeletal components. (C) Protoplasts obtained by enzymatic digestion of BY-2 suspension cells. (D) Giant vesicles were either formed from the whole diversity of tobacco PM lipids (giant unilamellar vesicles, GUVs) or from the direct electrofusion of purified PM vesicles, thus containing both proteins and lipids in their original amounts (giant vesicles of native plasma membrane, GVPMs). Samples were observed by microscopy, using either differential interference contrast (DIC; in grey-scale), or fluorescence after di-4-ANEPPDHQ labelling (excitation at 488 nm; emission acquired in a 520–680 nm band-pass, in yellow). Scale bars are 5 µm. Materials and methods Cell growth conditions Wild-type BY-2 (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Bright Yellow-2) cells were grown in Murashige and Skoog (MS) modified medium (basal salt mixture, M0221, Duchefa) at pH 5.6, supplemented with 1 mg l–1 thiamine-HCl, 0.2 mg l–1 2,4 dichlorophenylacetic acid, 100 mg l–1 myo-inositol, 30 g l–1 sucrose, 200 mg l–1 KH2PO4, and 2 g l–1 MES. Cell suspensions were maintained under continuous light conditions (200 µE m–2 s–1) on a rotary shaker (140 rpm) and diluted (4:80) weekly into fresh medium. Chemicals treatments BY-2 cells were equilibrated according to Gerbeau-Pissot et al. (2014). After a 2-h cell incubation period, concentrated stock solutions (1000× in DMSO) of the cytoskeleton inhibitors cytochalasin D, latrunculin B, nocodazole, and oryzalin (Sigma-Aldrich), were individually added to cell suspensions at a final concentration of 50 µM, 10 µM, 20 µM, and 10 µM, respectively. Control cells were incubated with the same dilution of DMSO. Cells were treated for 1 h on a rotary shaker (120 rpm) at 25 °C before observation. Cells were subsequently plasmolysed in I2 (0.5 mM CaCl2, 0.5 mM K2SO4, and 2 mM MES, pH 5.9) containing 400 mM mannitol (instead of 175 mM used by Gerbeau-Pissot et al., 2014) for several minutes before observation. Staurosporine (Sigma-Aldrich) was added to the cell suspension from concentrated stock solutions in DMSO, taking care not to exceed the final DMSO concentration (0.5 % v/v). Protoplast preparation and cell wall regeneration The protoplast preparation protocol was adapted from (Zaban et al., 2013). All steps were performed in sterile conditions. The BY-2 cells were collected and centrifuged at 100 g. Cells were washed in 0.4 M mannitol at pH 5.5 and centrifuged again, then resuspended in an enzymatic solution (Pectolyase Y23 0.1 % w/v, cellulose Onozuka RS 1 % w/v in 0.4 M mannitol at pH 5.5) and digested for 4–5 h at 25 °C, under shaking at 65 rpm in Petri dishes. Protoplasts were harvested after centrifugation (500 g for 5 min) and washed three times in FMS wash medium (4.3 g l–1 MS salts, 100 mg l–1 myo-inositol, 0.5 mg l–1 nicotinic acid, 0.5 mg l–1 pyridoxine-HCl, 0.1 mg l–1 thiamine, 10 g l–1 sucrose in 0.25 M mannitol, pH 5.8). For cell wall regeneration, protoplasts were transferred to FMS-store medium (FMS with 0.1 mg l–1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 1 mg ml–1 benzylaminopurin) and incubated at 26 °C in the dark, with shaking in Petri dishes. Protoplasts were observed at 0, 24 h, 48 h, and 5 d after digestion. Preparation of GUVs Giant unilamellar vesicles (larger than 10µm) were prepared as follows. Tobacco PM isolation PM fractions were obtained from BY-2 cells by membrane partitioning in an aqueous polymer two-phase system with polyethylene glycol 3350/dextran T-500 (6.6% each), according to Mongrand et al. (2004). Protein content was quantified using the Bradford method, in order to obtain an aliquoted solution of 10 mg ml–1 final concentration. Purification and quantification of tobacco PM lipids Polar lipids were extracted according to three independent methods detailed in Cacas et al. (2016) and based on different extraction solvent mixtures, namely chloroform/methanol/HCl (200/100/1, v/v/v), methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)/methanol/water (100/30/25, v/v/v), or a lower phase of propan-2-ol/hexane/water (55/20/25, v/v/v). GIPCs were purified according to a method adapted from Carter and Koob (1969) to obtain sufficient amounts for GUV production and lipid quantification, as described in Buré et al. (2011). Extracted lipids were dissolved in chloroform/methanol/water (30/60/8, v/v/v) for storage and further quantified by GC-MS according to Buré et al. (2011). GUV production GUVs were prepared by electroformation in a flow chamber (ICP-25 Perfusion Imaging Chamber, Dagan) connected to a function generator (PCGU1000, Velleman) and a temperature controller (TC-10, Dagan). Tobacco PM fractions (2 µg of proteins) or a mixture of tobacco PM lipids corresponding to a final phospholipid/sphingolipid/sterol composition of 4/4/1.5 (w/w/w, 2 µg final) were deposited on two microscope slides (18 × 18 mm) coated with electrically conductive indium tin oxide (resistivity 8–12 ohms). Lipid-coated slides were placed under a vacuum and away from light for at least 2 h until a thin film was obtained. Cover slips were set up in the flow chamber, and the lipid layer was rehydrated with 200 µl of swelling solution (25 mM HEPES, 10 mM NaCl, and 100 mM sucrose) pre-heated to 40 °C for lipid GUVs. A voltage of 3.5 V (adjustable during the experiment) at 10 Hz and a temperature of 40 °C were applied for a 2-h minimum period in a light-protected environment. After lipid swelling, the temperature of the chamber was slowly cooled to 22 °C (2 h minimum cooling time). Fluorescence labelling To examine cytoskeleton integrity, rhodamine-phalloidin (Invitrogen, 0.1 mg ml–1, 30 min) and Tubulin TrackerTM (Invitrogen, 50 µM, 45 min) were used to detect actin filaments and microtubules, respectively. To determine whether the cell wall was present samples were examined after staining with calcofluor-white (Sigma-Aldrich, 0.01 %, w/v) for several minutes. The resulting fluorescence signal of this product reveals cellulose and chitin structures. To determine the membrane order, GUV suspensions or tobacco cells were labelled with the fluorescent probe 1-[2-Hydroxy-3-(N,N-di-methyl-N-hydroxyethyl)ammoniopropyl]-4-[β-[2-(di-n-butylamino)-6-napthyl]vinyl] pyridinium dibromide (di-4-ANEPPDHQ; Invitrogen, stock solution in DMSO, 3 µM final, 1–2 min). Confocal fluorescence microscopy Labelled cells were deposited between the slide and the cover slip and observed with a Leica TCS SP2-AOBS laser scanning microscope (Leica Microsystems) coupled to a HCPL Apochromat CS 63× (N.A. 1.40) oil immersion objective. Fluorescence excitations were obtained using either the 543-nm line of a helium-neon laser (rhodamine-phalloidin), the 488-nm line of an argon laser (tubulin tracker), or a 405-nm diode (calcofluor). Fluorescence emissions were recorded between 555–700 nm (rhodamine-phalloidin), 500–600 nm (tubulin tracker), and 410–480 nm (calcofluor). For di-4-ANEPPDHQ observation, after excitation at 488 nm, emission intensities were acquired between 540–560 nm (green image) and between 650–670 nm (red image). Ratiometric imaging was performed using the ImageJ software (http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/). Fluorescence spectroscopy Sample solutions (1 ml) were placed in a 10-mm special optic path glass cuvette filled in a thermoelectric cooler (24 °C, Wavelength Electronics, Inc.). Fluorescence measurements were performed using a Fluorolog-3 FL3-211 spectrometer (Jobin-Yvon, Horiba Group). The emission spectrum was monitored by one photomultiplier (520–700 nm). A xenon arc lamp (488 nm) was used as the light source. Data acquisitions were performed using the Datamax software (Jobin-Yvon/Thermo Galactic, Inc.). Statistical tests Statistical analyses were based on non-parametric tests (Mann–Whitney), since we observed that our data exhibited a non-Gaussian distribution. Results Phosphorylation does not regulate the level of PM order or the distribution of ordered domains We previously described the heterogeneity of tobacco PM lateral organization with respect to local membrane order by measuring the distribution of the liquid-ordered/liquid-disordered (Lo/Ld) phases (Gerbeau-Pissot et al., 2014). In order to identify key players that govern this PM lateral organization, we exploited the fluorescence properties of the environment-sensitive dye di-4-ANEPPDHQ (Jin et al., 2005), the red/green ratio of which is inversely correlated with the level of membrane order (Jin et al., 2006). BY-2 suspension cells were stained for 2 min with di-4-ANEPPDHQ (3 µM) and observed by confocal microscopy. We then measured the fluorescence intensities of the entire PM and evaluated the membrane order using the RGM parameter (red-to-green ratio of the membrane, RGM=I660/I550). To characterize the spatial distribution of PM ordered domains, we calculated the RGM value of the PM in tobacco cell regions, hereafter referred to as RGR for ‘red-to-green ratio of the ROI’, where ROI is a ‘region of interest’ corresponding to a 300 × 300 nm square. To test for the contribution of active pathways in the control of these parameters, tobacco suspension cells were treated with staurosporine, a broad-spectrum protein-serine/threonine kinase inhibitor (Suzuki and Shinshi, 1995). Addition of staurosporine (2.5 µM) failed to modify the RGM, regardless of the incubation time (from 10 min to 3 h, Fig. 2). In contrast, we were able to determine a significant modification in membrane order using the same experimental set-up under conditions known to induce an increase PM order (Supplementary Fig. S1 at JXB online). This indicates that the technique is sensitive enough to detect minor variations, and that the conditions are sufficient to inhibit signalling events (Bonneau et al., 2010; Sandor et al., 2016), demonstrating that the maintenance of membrane order is independent of phosphorylation events. These results suggested that the signalling pathway was not involved in the control of PM order during the course of the experiment. The results prompted us to address the issue of short-term regulation of ordered domain organization via other mechanisms, especially the contribution of physical interactions. Fig. 2. View largeDownload slide Effect of a protein kinase inhibitor on membrane order of living tobacco cells. After incubation (for 10 min, 1 h, or 3 h) with the kinase inhibitor staurosporine (Stau; 2.5 µM), cells were labelled for 2 min with di-4-ANEPPDHQ (3 µM). Cells were subsequently analysed by spectrofluorimetry, and membrane order was quantified using the red-to-green membrane fluorescence ratio (RGM, =I660/I550). The RGM of PMs from treated cells is shown as a relative value compared to control cells (Ctl, with equivalent volume of DMSO). Data are means (±SD), n=26 independent experiments. Fig. 2. View largeDownload slide Effect of a protein kinase inhibitor on membrane order of living tobacco cells. After incubation (for 10 min, 1 h, or 3 h) with the kinase inhibitor staurosporine (Stau; 2.5 µM), cells were labelled for 2 min with di-4-ANEPPDHQ (3 µM). Cells were subsequently analysed by spectrofluorimetry, and membrane order was quantified using the red-to-green membrane fluorescence ratio (RGM, =I660/I550). The RGM of PMs from treated cells is shown as a relative value compared to control cells (Ctl, with equivalent volume of DMSO). Data are means (±SD), n=26 independent experiments. Cytoskeleton remodelling does not modify the organization of PM-ordered domains To analyse the potential relationship between the cytoskeleton and BY-2 cell PM order, we measured the evolution of PM order in response to different compounds that affect cytoskeleton components. Brief incubations were performed to exclude any long-term metabolic regulation. Latrunculin B (Spector et al., 1983) and cytochalasin D (Cooper, 1987) bind to actin monomers and prevent their polymerization; their application led to the disruption of actin filaments (Fig. 3A), without any effect on plant cell viability during the 1-h experiment (Supplementary Fig. S2). Monitoring single cells by confocal microscopy showed that these treatments failed to significantly change BY-2 cell RGM (Fig. 3B). No significant differences in RGM were observed between control cells and cells treated with nocodazole (Samson et al., 1979) or oryzalin (Morejohn and Fosket, 1984) (Fig. 3B), both of which can interfere with microtubule polymerization and cause disturbance of the cytoskeleton (Fig. 3C) without affecting cell viability (Supplementary Fig. S2). Spectrofluorimetry measurements, which can assess PM order in batches of thousands of live tobacco cells, confirmed that PM order was independent of actin filament or microtubule polymerization (Supplementary Fig. S3). Simultaneous addition of latrunculin B and oryzalin also did not result in any significant differences between the RGM of control and treated cells (Supplementary Fig. S3), indicating the independence of this parameter with regards to cytoskeleton integrity in living tobacco cells. Fig. 3. View largeDownload slide Influence of the cytoskeleton on the membrane order of tobacco cell PMs. (A, C) Effect of pharmacological treatments on cytoskeleton integrity. BY-2 cells were incubated for 1 h with either latrunculin B (Lat, 10 µM), cytochalasin D (Cyt, 50 µM), nocodazole (Noc, 20 µM), or oryzalin (Ory, 10 µM), or with the same concentration of DMSO (control, Ctl). The cytoskeleton was observed by fluorescence microscopy using (A) rhodamine-phalloidin for actin colouration (0.1 mg ml–1) and (C) tubulin tracker for microtubule staining (50 µM). After 1 h, patches were detected on treated cells, in comparison to the intact network of filaments observed on control cells. Scale bars are 20 µm. (B) Effect of cytoskeleton integrity on global membrane order. BY-2 cells were exposed to pharmacological treatments that disrupted the actin or tubulin meshwork (as detailed above), or both (Lat, 10 µM and Ory, 10 µM). After 1 h of incubation, cells were labelled for 2 min with di-4-ANEPPDHQ (3 µM). Cells were then observed by confocal microscopy, and membrane order was quantified using the red-to-green membrane fluorescence ratio (RGM, =I660/I550). The RGM values obtained for treated cells are shown relative to the values of untreated cells (Ctl, in DMSO). Data are means (SEM), n=96–428 from at least five independent experiments. (D) Effect of cytoskeleton integrity on the organization of ordered domains. The distribution of red-to-green membrane fluorescence values (RGR) of individual regions of interest (ROIs, 300 × 300-nm squares) of the PM (control conditions, Ctl) is not influenced by latrunculin B, 10 µM, 1 h). The x-axis corresponds to the class of RGR values, and only the maximal value of each class is indicated on the graph. The y-axis corresponds to the ROI percentage of each class. Data are means (±SEM), n=111–428 cells from at least five independent experiments. Fig. 3. View largeDownload slide Influence of the cytoskeleton on the membrane order of tobacco cell PMs. (A, C) Effect of pharmacological treatments on cytoskeleton integrity. BY-2 cells were incubated for 1 h with either latrunculin B (Lat, 10 µM), cytochalasin D (Cyt, 50 µM), nocodazole (Noc, 20 µM), or oryzalin (Ory, 10 µM), or with the same concentration of DMSO (control, Ctl). The cytoskeleton was observed by fluorescence microscopy using (A) rhodamine-phalloidin for actin colouration (0.1 mg ml–1) and (C) tubulin tracker for microtubule staining (50 µM). After 1 h, patches were detected on treated cells, in comparison to the intact network of filaments observed on control cells. Scale bars are 20 µm. (B) Effect of cytoskeleton integrity on global membrane order. BY-2 cells were exposed to pharmacological treatments that disrupted the actin or tubulin meshwork (as detailed above), or both (Lat, 10 µM and Ory, 10 µM). After 1 h of incubation, cells were labelled for 2 min with di-4-ANEPPDHQ (3 µM). Cells were then observed by confocal microscopy, and membrane order was quantified using the red-to-green membrane fluorescence ratio (RGM, =I660/I550). The RGM values obtained for treated cells are shown relative to the values of untreated cells (Ctl, in DMSO). Data are means (SEM), n=96–428 from at least five independent experiments. (D) Effect of cytoskeleton integrity on the organization of ordered domains. The distribution of red-to-green membrane fluorescence values (RGR) of individual regions of interest (ROIs, 300 × 300-nm squares) of the PM (control conditions, Ctl) is not influenced by latrunculin B, 10 µM, 1 h). The x-axis corresponds to the class of RGR values, and only the maximal value of each class is indicated on the graph. The y-axis corresponds to the ROI percentage of each class. Data are means (±SEM), n=111–428 cells from at least five independent experiments. However, modifications to the lateral organization of membrane order could occur at the nanometre scale without affecting the global RGM. Indeed, the RGM represents the mean value of a multitude of small areas (ROIs) that exhibit different levels of local membrane order (RGR values): the distribution of individual values may be different even though the overall average remains the same. To test this possibility, the emission signals of fluorescently labelled cells were acquired on a tangential plane corresponding to membrane surfaces of 100–500 µm2, and the relative abundance of Lo/Ld phases was evaluated. We did not observe any significant difference in the distribution of RGR values between control and latrunculin B-treated cells (Fig. 3D). Furthermore, all of the microtubule- and actin-depolymerizing agents that we tested failed to modify the distribution of RGR values (Supplementary Fig. S4). A granulometric analysis characterizing the aggregation of the most ordered domains was then performed, with a focus on ROIs exhibiting a value in the first quartile of RGR values (Fig. 4–C). This approach did not reveal any significant difference between the size of ordered domains in cells treated with cytoskeletal disruptors and the control cells (Fig. 4D). Taken together, our data suggest that cytoskeleton integrity has no short-term effect on the level of membrane order, either globally (across the entire PM surface) or locally (within small areas at our scale of observation). Fig. 4. View largeDownload slide Influence of the cytoskeleton on the spatial distribution of ordered domains. (A) Observation of di-4-ANEPPDHQ-labelled membrane surfaces (excitation at 488 nm; emission corresponds to a 520–680 nm band-pass) with the grey-scale representing fluorescence intensity. (B) The subsequent ratiometric image describing the red-to-green fluorescence ratio of the PM region of interest (RGR) of di-4-ANEPPDHQ within 300 × 300-nm membrane areas displayed in a grey-scale colour-coded representation. (C) A binarized image, representing a detail extracted from the membrane surface focused on the most ordered domains. Recorded regions of interest (ROIs) exhibiting an RGR value within the first quartile of lower RGR values (the most ordered ones) are represented as black pixels. (D) A granulometric approach was then used to compare the spatial distribution of ordered domains on the membrane surface under the different experimental conditions. Tobacco suspension cells were treated for 1 h with a cytoskeletal-active compound (latrunculin B, Lat, 10 µM; cytochalasin D, Cyt, 50 µM; nocodazole, Noc, 20 µM; or oryzalin, Ory, 10 µM) or a control (Ctl) before labelling with di-4-ANEPPDHQ (3 µM, 2 min). The mean area of the black ROI groups is shown. Data are means (±SD), n>27 cells from five independent experiments. No significant differences were observed (P>0.05). Fig. 4. View largeDownload slide Influence of the cytoskeleton on the spatial distribution of ordered domains. (A) Observation of di-4-ANEPPDHQ-labelled membrane surfaces (excitation at 488 nm; emission corresponds to a 520–680 nm band-pass) with the grey-scale representing fluorescence intensity. (B) The subsequent ratiometric image describing the red-to-green fluorescence ratio of the PM region of interest (RGR) of di-4-ANEPPDHQ within 300 × 300-nm membrane areas displayed in a grey-scale colour-coded representation. (C) A binarized image, representing a detail extracted from the membrane surface focused on the most ordered domains. Recorded regions of interest (ROIs) exhibiting an RGR value within the first quartile of lower RGR values (the most ordered ones) are represented as black pixels. (D) A granulometric approach was then used to compare the spatial distribution of ordered domains on the membrane surface under the different experimental conditions. Tobacco suspension cells were treated for 1 h with a cytoskeletal-active compound (latrunculin B, Lat, 10 µM; cytochalasin D, Cyt, 50 µM; nocodazole, Noc, 20 µM; or oryzalin, Ory, 10 µM) or a control (Ctl) before labelling with di-4-ANEPPDHQ (3 µM, 2 min). The mean area of the black ROI groups is shown. Data are means (±SD), n>27 cells from five independent experiments. No significant differences were observed (P>0.05). The cell wall does not affect the organization of PM-ordered domains To investigate the influence of the cell wall on PM order, we compared the RGM of freshly prepared protoplasts devoid of cell walls (1–3 h after enzymatic digestion) and after 24 h of cell wall regeneration (Fig. 5A). The presence of a newly synthesized cell wall, visualized by staining with calcofluor-white (Fig. 5A), did not modify the RGM value (Fig. 5B), suggesting cellulose deposition has no role in the control of PM order. Correspondingly, no modifications in RGM were measured between control and plasmolysed cells when plasmolysis was induced and protoplast shrinkage kept the PM away from the cell wall (Supplementary Fig. S5), suggesting no role in membrane packing for the bounded regions between the cell wall and the PM. Furthermore, the absence of a direct effect of the cell wall suggests that there is no direct contribution from cell wall–PM connections on the regulation of PM order. Fig. 5. View largeDownload slide Influence of the cell wall on PM order of BY-2 protoplasts. (A) Cell morphology (differential interference contrast, DIC) and cellulose deposition (fluorescence imaging after calcofluor-white coloration) were analysed for protoplasts, either freshly prepared (3 h) or after cell wall regeneration (1 d after protoplast preparation). (B–D) Confocal microscopy was used to characterize di-4-ANEPPDHQ-labelled protoplasts (3 µM, 2 min), either freshly prepared (FP) or after cell wall regeneration (PCW). (B) Global membrane order was quantified using the red-to-green membrane fluorescence ratio (RGM, =I660/I550). (C) Local membrane order was estimated in each region of interest (ROI) of the fluorescent PM, and the distribution of RGM values of individual ROIs of corresponding PMs (RGR) is shown. The x-axis corresponds to the class of RGR values, and only the maximal value of each class is indicated on the graph. The y-axis corresponds to the ROI percentage of each class. (D) The size of ordered domains was measured as the mean area of groups of pixels corresponding to ROIs exhibiting an RGR value belonging to the first quartile of lower values. Data are means (±SD), n>66 cells from five independent experiments. Fig. 5. View largeDownload slide Influence of the cell wall on PM order of BY-2 protoplasts. (A) Cell morphology (differential interference contrast, DIC) and cellulose deposition (fluorescence imaging after calcofluor-white coloration) were analysed for protoplasts, either freshly prepared (3 h) or after cell wall regeneration (1 d after protoplast preparation). (B–D) Confocal microscopy was used to characterize di-4-ANEPPDHQ-labelled protoplasts (3 µM, 2 min), either freshly prepared (FP) or after cell wall regeneration (PCW). (B) Global membrane order was quantified using the red-to-green membrane fluorescence ratio (RGM, =I660/I550). (C) Local membrane order was estimated in each region of interest (ROI) of the fluorescent PM, and the distribution of RGM values of individual ROIs of corresponding PMs (RGR) is shown. The x-axis corresponds to the class of RGR values, and only the maximal value of each class is indicated on the graph. The y-axis corresponds to the ROI percentage of each class. (D) The size of ordered domains was measured as the mean area of groups of pixels corresponding to ROIs exhibiting an RGR value belonging to the first quartile of lower values. Data are means (±SD), n>66 cells from five independent experiments. A characterization of the abundance of ordered domains was then performed, although the spherical shape of protoplasts limited the size of the tangential area that could be analysed (10–100 µm2). No significant difference was observed between the freshly prepared protoplasts and protoplasts in which the cell wall had been regenerated (Fig. 5C), with both conditions displaying the same distribution of RGR values. Live ratiometric imaging also indicated a similar size for ordered domains in protoplasts, before and after cell wall regeneration (Fig. 5D). Thus, the cell wall does not seem to influence the spatial distribution of ordered domains within the tobacco PM. Production of giant vesicles from tobacco PMs reveals the involvement of lipids and proteins in the control of the spatial distribution of ordered domains The data presented above highlight the possibility of a crucial role for intrinsic PM components with regards to PM-ordered domains. To assess the involvement of a wide diversity of PM lipids in the regulation of membrane order, we prepared giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) using a mixture of the different classes of lipids in their relative proportions as found in native BY-2 cell PMs. A careful lipidomic analysis highlighted the large diversity of BY-2 PMs (Supplementary Fig. S6), with a phospholipid/sphingolipid/sterol ratio of 4/4/1.5 (w/w/w). The RGM value of these GUVs labelled with di-4-ANEPPDHQ was 0.89 ± 0.16 (±SD, n=29). Taking into account the vast array of lipids that comprise PMs, we then characterized the ability of fatty acid saturation to increase membrane order. The results showed that RGM significantly decreased from 2.47 ± 0.24 (n=38) to 1.49 ± 0.16 (n=20) for GUVs consisting of only 1,2 dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) or DOPC/DPPC (DPPC: 1,2 dipalmitylphosphatidylcholine; 1/1, mol/mol), respectively (Supplementary Fig. S7). The complexity level of different lipid combinations (in terms of both number and composition of the different lipid families) similarly modified the GUV membrane order (Supplementary Fig. S7). Overall, this suggests that the diversity of lipid molecules represented in BY-2 cell PMs, together with their specific ability to organize the membrane (Grosjean et al., 2015), could be responsible for the high membrane order reported here for GUVs composed of tobacco PM lipids. In addition to lipid–lipid interactions, protein–lipid interactions are essential contributors to PM organization (van den Bogaart et al., 2011). Hence it is of primary interest to compare the characteristics of GUVs composed of tobacco PM lipids (as detailed above) with GUVs containing lipids and proteins from tobacco PMs in their native amounts. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in PM vesicle fusion induced by detergents cause significant artefacts, e.g. bilayer–micelle transition (Alonso et al., 1982). Furthermore, technical limitations restrict the protein levels included in these proteoliposomes to 5% (Kahya et al., 2005), far below the level of native PMs, which is estimated to be 50% by weight; consequently, the use of these approaches is restricted. Giant PM vesicles (GPMVs), corresponding to PM blebs detached from cells, have a protein and lipid diversity mirroring the native PM (Scott, 1976) and separate into co-existing Lo/Ld phases, which enables the investigation of the structural determinants of ordered domain association (Baumgart et al., 2007; Kaiser et al., 2009; Levental et al., 2011). However, the cell wall surrounding the plant cell prevents the use of this procedure for tobacco cells. We therefore developed a new protocol to produce giant vesicles of native PMs (GVPMs) by electrofusing small vesicles of purified PM fractions. However, GUV formation using purified PM fractions was extremely difficult due to the presence of proteins and the obstacle they presented to fusion, and so the electroformation method was modified by varying time, temperature, osmolarity, voltage, and frequency in order to enable a high yield of GVPM formation (Supplementary Fig. S8A). By comparing the different protocols, we were able to efficiently produce GVPMs (103 vesicles starting from 2 µg lipids) with a size amenable to observation by confocal microscopy (Supplementary Fig. S8B). Under optimized conditions, 20% of the GVPM population had a diameter larger than 15 µm. The procedure (described in detail the Methods section) can now be used routinely to efficiently prepare GVPMs directly from purified PMs. As has been previously reported (Takahashi et al., 2013), protein abundance can modify the contours of vesicles, allowing the formation of soft GVPMs with a non-spherical shape (Fig. 6A). Moreover, GVPMs containing proteins and lipids exhibited a higher RGM than GUVs formed with the same lipid mixture (Fig. 6B), indicating that proteins tend to limit the packing of the membrane. Fig. 6. View largeDownload slide Influence of lipids and proteins on the global and local order of tobacco PMs. Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) were produced by mixing extracts of purified lipid classes according to their relative amounts within the membrane (phospholipids/phytosphingolipids/phytosterols: 4/4/1.5 w/w/w) or by fusing isolated PM vesicles (giant vesicles of native plasma membrane, GVPMs). Vesicles were labelled with di-4-ANEPPDHQ (3 µM, 2 min). (A) Transverse (top) and tangential (below) views of fluorescent vesicles were made using confocal microscopy (excitation at 488 nm; emission corresponds to the sum of fluorescence intensities acquired in a 520–680 nm band-pass) of GUVs and GVPMs. (B) The red-to-green fluorescence ratio (RGM, =I660/I550) of fluorescent vesicles was measured using confocal microscopy (dividing the red, 545–565 nm, by the green, 635–655 nm, emission band-passes). Data are means (±SD), n>24 experiments; significant difference: P<0.05. (C) Individual regions of interest (ROIs, 300 × 300 nm) of the surface of fluorescent vesicles were classified according to their RGM values (i.e. giving RGR values). The RGR distribution of a representative GUV composed of a PM lipid mixture is compared to the distribution of GVPMs. The x-axis represents the class of RGR values; only the maximal value of each class is indicated on the graph. The y-axis represents the percentage of each class of ROI values. (D) The size of ordered domains was measured as the mean area of groups of pixels corresponding to ROIs exhibiting an RGR value belonging to the first quartile of lower values, and is compared for giant vesicles composed of either PM lipids (GUV) or PM lipids and proteins (GVPM). Data are means (±SD), n>20 vesicles from five independent experiments. Fig. 6. View largeDownload slide Influence of lipids and proteins on the global and local order of tobacco PMs. Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) were produced by mixing extracts of purified lipid classes according to their relative amounts within the membrane (phospholipids/phytosphingolipids/phytosterols: 4/4/1.5 w/w/w) or by fusing isolated PM vesicles (giant vesicles of native plasma membrane, GVPMs). Vesicles were labelled with di-4-ANEPPDHQ (3 µM, 2 min). (A) Transverse (top) and tangential (below) views of fluorescent vesicles were made using confocal microscopy (excitation at 488 nm; emission corresponds to the sum of fluorescence intensities acquired in a 520–680 nm band-pass) of GUVs and GVPMs. (B) The red-to-green fluorescence ratio (RGM, =I660/I550) of fluorescent vesicles was measured using confocal microscopy (dividing the red, 545–565 nm, by the green, 635–655 nm, emission band-passes). Data are means (±SD), n>24 experiments; significant difference: P<0.05. (C) Individual regions of interest (ROIs, 300 × 300 nm) of the surface of fluorescent vesicles were classified according to their RGM values (i.e. giving RGR values). The RGR distribution of a representative GUV composed of a PM lipid mixture is compared to the distribution of GVPMs. The x-axis represents the class of RGR values; only the maximal value of each class is indicated on the graph. The y-axis represents the percentage of each class of ROI values. (D) The size of ordered domains was measured as the mean area of groups of pixels corresponding to ROIs exhibiting an RGR value belonging to the first quartile of lower values, and is compared for giant vesicles composed of either PM lipids (GUV) or PM lipids and proteins (GVPM). Data are means (±SD), n>20 vesicles from five independent experiments. To compare local membrane order at the surface of these GUVs and GMPVs, the emission signals of fluorescently labelled vesicles were acquired on a tangential plane corresponding to membrane surfaces of 100–350 µm2 (Fig. 6A), and the distribution of RGR values was determined (Fig. 6C). The distribution for PM lipid GUVs was centred towards low values (from 0.6–1.1; Fig. 6C), consistent with the high membrane order of these GUVs (Fig. 6B). In contrast, the RGR value of GVPMs exhibited a more peaked distribution shifted towards higher RGR values (from 1.1–1.4; Fig. 6C), suggesting that the presence of protein induced a shift towards fewer ordered domains. To investigate a possible concomitant adjustment of the spatial organization of ordered domains, a granulometric analysis was performed by focusing on ROIs that exhibit an RGR value in the first quartile of values, in order to eliminate any density effects. We measured an ordered domain size of 0.342 µm2 for GVPMs (Fig. 6D); interestingly this was similar to the value for BY-2 cells (i.e. 0.350 µm2, Fig. 4D). Moreover, this size tended to be lower than the size of GUVs composed of a PM lipid mixture (Fig. 6D), suggesting a negative impact of the presence of protein on both the quantity and size of ordered domains at our scale of observation. To better understand the dissolution of the ordered domains in native PM conditions, ratiometric images were further segmented to only take into account ROIs exhibiting red/green ratios below a RGR value of 1.2, which corresponds to one population of ordered domains (Grosjean et al., 2015). This ordered domain fraction was calculated, and a significant decrease was observed for GVPMs in comparison to GUVs (Supplementary Fig. S9A), confirming that the reduction in ordered domain abundance was predominantly involved in the low membrane order reported for GVPMs (Fig. 6B). To determine the lateral organization of these ordered domains within PM vesicles, we analysed their degree of clustering. The group size of ordered domains revealed a protein-dependent decrease, with the presence of ordered domains exhibiting a mean size of ~0.8 µm2 in GUVs composed of only PM lipids and ~0.6 µm2 in GVPMs (Supplementary Fig. S9B). We observed a linear correlation between the size of ordered domains characterizing GUVs composed of different lipid mixtures and the membrane order (Supplementary Fig. S9C). This correlation disappeared in GVPMs (Supplementary Fig. S9C), suggesting that the presence of proteins decreases the number of ordered domains, but concomitantly induces another mechanism that can reduce the propensity of ordered domains to lie within clusters. Taken together, these results support the ability of PM lipids and proteins to finely govern PM order, and to subsequently control the tenuous organization of the PM. Discussion Lipids and proteins can account for the structuring of plant PM ordered domains In this study we determined a high level of membrane order for GUVs mimicking the native composition of tobacco BY-2 PM lipids. This included 38% GIPCs, 8% free phytosterols, and 10% conjugated phytosterols, which were associated with a large and continuous distribution of individual levels of membrane order exhibited by different membrane regions of these vesicles. One possible explanation is that the ‘lipid raft’ model is also applicable to plants. This model places the local interactions between lipid species (Ramstedt and Slotte, 2006; Quinn, 2010) as the first level of membrane organization (Lingwood and Simons, 2010). Consistent with this hypothesis, plant-specific conjugated sterols display a striking ability to induce ordered domain formation in the membrane that acts in synergy with the similar ability of free phytosterols (Grosjean et al., 2015). Indeed, phytosterols increase membrane stiffness and the inclusion of other lipids, depending on their structure and shape (Shahedi et al., 2006), resulting in macromolecular assemblies and lipid bilayer ordering (Mannock et al., 2015; Shaghaghi et al., 2016). Furthermore, formation of sterol-dependent membrane domains is modified by the addition of GIPCs (Grosjean et al., 2015). This adds weight to a model in which the combination of multiple molecular species of phytosphingolipids and phytosterols present in living tobacco cell PMs may induce membrane ordering and enhance the formation of various ordered domains. The high diversity of plant PM lipids could then increase opportunities for local interactions with different intensities, and consequently bring about heterogeneity at the local membrane compaction level, providing an explanation for the wide range of RGR values measured for GUVs consisting of tobacco PM lipid components. RGR values, which corresponded to average ratios of the smallest area optically possible to analyse (a 300 × 300 nm ROI), might reflect the mean membrane order of sub-population domains co-existing in varying proportions within these areas. Such a complex model assumes a multitude of nanodomains with levels of order between (rather than strictly corresponding to) the Lo and Ld phases (Bagatolli et al., 2010). In agreement with this new degree of complexity of PM organization, the diversity of mammalian lipid mixtures has been speculated to favour the formation of ultra-nanodomains (Pathak and London, 2015). In accordance with this, the formation of distinct nanodomains has been simulated in the outer leaflet of an idealized mammalian PM consisting of a complex mixture of 63 different lipid species (Ingólfsson et al., 2014). To investigate the influence of protein–lipid interactions on PM lateral organization, we characterized GVPMs produced from tobacco BY-2 cell PMs using a novel procedure. These GVPMs, which contain hundreds of integral membrane proteins and lipids (corresponding to native PM amounts), provide a very interesting system, and yet they are rarely used due to the difficulty in obtaining them. In contrast to GPMVs, which are isolated after chemical treatment of animal cells that induces formation of detachable PM blebs (Levental and Levental, 2015), the electrofusion procedure utilized here allows the initial characterization of isolated PM organization in a native resting state. In agreement with our observations on tobacco BY-2 cells, GPMVs from animal cells have shown a clear segregation into Lo/Ld phases, with a lateral distribution that depends on the overall protein content (Baumgart et al., 2007). Using a cell-swelling procedure to isolate PM spheres, the cholera toxin B subunit-dependent formation of ordered domains has also previously been reported (Lingwood et al., 2008). Here, by comparing the GUVs of PM lipids and the GVPMs, we further demonstrated the involvement of PM proteins in the modulation (especially loosening) of plant PM order. Indeed, when proteins were positioned between lipid molecules, they increased the membrane line tension and modified the mean size of the ordered domains in the tobacco PM, which has also been reported for lung surfactant monolayers (Dhar et al., 2012). Peptides with a short hydrophobic transmembrane domain accordingly decrease the affinity of sterols for neighbouring phospholipids (Nyström et al., 2010; Nyholm et al., 2011; Ijäs et al., 2013), suggesting that proteins could modify membrane lateral organization by excluding certain lipids from the closest surrounding bilayer. Moreover, lipids in direct interaction with proteins result in areas that are much less compact in the immediate vicinity of the proteins (Brannigan and Brown, 2006), since protein–lipid interactions depend on the size and the charge of chemical groups present at the protein surface (Honig et al., 1986). The anchoring of transmembrane proteins into ordered domains is also hypothesized to redistribute ordered domains (Epand et al., 2004; Epand, 2008). We are thus able to propose a final model in which lipid–lipid interactions may control the formation of ordered domains at the plant PM surface (whereas protein–lipid and/or protein–protein interactions contribute to drive the whole-membrane organization). With this model in mind, we noticed a remarkable limitation in the size of ordered domains within GVPMs, which could undoubtedly be attributed to the presence of proteins. Indeed, GVPMs and living cells both exhibit similar small ordered domains, and this small size originates from the ability of proteins to emulsify ordered domains (Bhatia et al., 2016). This PM organization should be based on hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions operating on a time scale representative of what we observed, and should show, in a coherent manner, an insensitivity to protein kinase inhibitors. The cell wall–PM–cytoskeleton continuum is not a common hallmark of domain assembly Besides local membrane composition, domain formation could also be related to a limited lateral diffusion of PM components. The cortical cytoskeleton in particular has been proposed to generate barriers that constrain movement in the membrane, as revealed by the restricted diffusion of PM proteins in certain membrane compartments (Kusumi et al., 2005; Umemura et al., 2008). Furthermore, the hindered diffusion of phospholipids and sphingolipids was similarly abolished in actin cytoskeleton-free cell-derived GPMVs, as measured using super-resolution stimulated emission depletion microscopy combined with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (Schneider et al., 2017). These observations support the ‘picket fence’ model, in which transmembrane proteins, like pickets, are anchored to and lined up along a ‘fence’ of cytoskeletal proteins surrounding the confinement zones (Kusumi et al., 2005). In plants, single-particle tracking analysis has recently revealed that cytoskeleton integrity, especially microtubules, restricts the lateral mobility of plant innate immunity proteins such as AtHIR1 at the PM surface of Arabidopsis cells (Lv et al., 2017). However, quantifying protein diffusion using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments has previously demonstrated that the cytoskeleton is not responsible for the relative immobility of plant PM proteins (Martinière et al., 2012). This apparent contradiction could be explained by different sensitivities to microtubule disturbance depending on the particular protein that is observed (Szymanski et al., 2015). This shows that multiple types of membrane domains (which are specifically enriched in one or the other of these proteins) co-exist at the same time in plants (Jarsch et al., 2014). Some of these domains may reflect the formation of specific areas enriched in PM components that are temporarily trapped by the cytoskeleton network within distinct PM sub-regions, as has been proposed in animal cells (Murase et al., 2004). Among these domains, the composition of DRM-associated domains has been shown to be under the control of the cytoskeleton network, since microtubules regulate the dynamics of DRM-marker proteins such as Arabidopsis Flot1 (Li et al., 2012) or Arabidopsis remorin (Szymanski et al., 2015). In plants, these domains may co-exist with other domains whose formation has been proposed to be directly subject to lipid and protein composition (Urbanus and Ott, 2012), and that have been revealed in our present study. Indeed, by comparing the membrane organization of living tobacco cells affected (or not) in the structure of their actin and/or tubulin networks, we have shown that the cytoskeleton does not impact on the short-term regulation of the distribution of PM-ordered domains in tobacco. To the best of our knowledge, only one previous study has reported that alteration of either actin content or its association with the PM affects the physical properties of the PM in animal cells, e.g. disruption of the cortical cytoskeleton coinciding with specific limitations of the ordered domain fraction (Dinic et al., 2013). However, this actin-dependent formation of ordered domains was demonstrated to occur at 37 °C. At this temperature, lipid–lipid interactions reduce the formation of ordered domains in GPMVs (Baumgart et al., 2007), giving prominence to interactions between the membrane and intracellular filaments. In line with this, it has been proposed that ordered domains are too small to be optically detected at high temperature, regardless of the lipid composition (Pathak and London, 2015). In order to be able to compare our different systems, we performed all of our experiments at room temperature (24 °C), as it is convenient for cultivating plant cells. At this temperature, we observed that the presence and characteristics of ordered domains essentially depended on the lipid and protein mixtures present within the membrane. In this study, we attempted to identify all the cellular elements underlying the heterogeneity of PM biophysical properties in plant cells at a specific time, using as a system a tobacco cell PM that had already been synthesized and was in a steady state. The results we obtained in characterizing the membrane order of protoplasts indicated that the cell wall does not play a key role in the maintenance of membrane order, or in the spatial organisation of ordered domains in resting tobacco cells. Even though direct interactions between PM proteins and cell wall components are known to constrain the lateral diffusion of PM proteins (Martinière and Runions, 2013), no involvement of cell wall organization in PM packing has been reported to date, and our results tend to exclude such a hypothesis. Furthermore, the absence of an effect of short-term cytoskeleton disorganization also questions the relevance of the ‘picket fence’ hypothesis in plant cells. Instead, our data suggest that lipids and proteins are the main determinants involved in the organization of membrane order in tobacco BY-2 cells. In agreement with our model, studies on the brassinosteroid binding receptor and its co-receptor have shown that the formation of nanoclusters within the PM of Arabidopsis seedlings is mainly subject to biophysical restraints, whereas cytoskeleton disruption does not have any effect on this parameter (Hutten et al., 2017). The complex mechanisms by which the PM is synthesized and renewed might be a way to control the targeting of the different membrane components (Zarský et al., 2009; Kleine-Vehn et al., 2011), and consequently to control the interactions between neighbouring lipids and proteins. In accordance with this, modifications of PM composition in an Arabidopsis mutant have been reported to alter membrane order at the resting state (Sena et al., 2017). According to the limited data available, such a metabolic turnover of membrane components might occur over a time frame of several hours (Shi et al., 2008; Stanislas et al., 2009; Chalbi et al., 2015), which far exceeds our experimental conditions. Ordered domains are part of PM lateral heterogeneity Our results highlight the possible co-existence of distinct domains: the first corresponds to PM domains, in which proteins or oligomers of proteic complexes exhibit restricted lateral diffusion, and the second corresponds to ordered domains with a sterol-enriched composition. Thus, microscale domains of restricted diffusion proteins might be distinct from nanoscale ordered domains (observed here using a lipid packing-sensitive probe), since the mechanisms responsible for their formation are most probably different. One hypothesis in animals posits that PM organization synthesizes a multiscale organization of: (i) plasma membrane compartments (i.e. microscale-sized domains) partitioned through membrane component entrapment that depends on the actin-based cytoskeleton; (ii) lipid raft domains (2–20 nm) created via sphingolipid–sterol interactions; and (iii) protein complexes (3–10 nm) composed of dimer/oligomer assemblies (Nicolson, 2014). In addition to the cytoskeleton-dependent formation of PM sub-regions with restricted lateral diffusion of their components mentioned above, immuno-electron microscopy experiments in plants have revealed that the lipid PIP2 is partitioned into 25-nm clusters (Furt et al., 2010). Furthermore, the protein remorin is similarly aggregated into 70-nm domains in the cytosolic leaflet of tobacco leaf PMs (Raffaele et al., 2009). These two lines of evidence argue in favour of the existence of integrated levels of PM organization in plants similar to that found in animals. In the PM of tobacco cells in a resting state, domains of restricted lateral diffusion may thus co-exist with ordered domains that are compatible with the size investigated here, and for which we have demonstrated that lipid–lipid and/or protein–lipid interactions are the major driving forces of their formation. Interestingly, both of these domains have recently been implicated in plant stress responses, and notably in plant immunity (Bucherl et al., 2017). Future work should aim to unravel the mechanisms used to regulate the number of ordered domains, the dynamics of which are known to be involved in the early stages of defense responses (Liu et al., 2009; Gerbeau-Pissot et al., 2014; Sandor et al., 2016). Supplementary data Supplementary data are available at JXB online. Fig. S1. Effect of staurosporine on RGM of control and cryptogein-elicited BY-2 cells. Fig. S2. Influence of cytoskeletal-active compounds on the viability of tobacco cells. Fig. S3. Influence of the cytoskeleton on the membrane order of BY-2 PMs measured by spectrofluorimetry. Fig. S4. Comparison of the distribution of RGR values between control cells and cells treated with cytoskeletal-active compounds. Fig. S5. Influence of cell wall–PM connections on the level of tobacco cell PM order. Fig. S6. Lipid composition of PMs isolated from tobacco suspension cells. Fig. S7. Effect of different lipid compositions on the membrane order of giant vesicles. Fig. S8. Influence of swelling-solution composition on GVPM size. Fig. S9. Formation of large ordered domains in giant vesicles made up of tobacco PM lipids and proteins. Abbreviations: Abbreviations: DOPC 1,2- dioleoyl -sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine DPPC 1,2- dipalmitoyl -sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine GUV giant unilamellar vesicle GVPM giant vesicles of native plasma membrane GPMV giant plasma membrane vesicles RGM red-to-green ratio of membrane fluorescence RGR red-to-green ratio for a specific region of interest. Acknowledgements This work was partially supported by grants from the ’Région Bourgogne’ and the Bordeaux Metabolome Facility-MetaboHUB (grant no. ANR–11–INBS–0010) to SM. We wish to thank the Microscopy Centre INRA/Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté of the DImaCell facility for technical assistance in confocal microscopy. We also acknowledge the Metabolome-Fluxome-Lipidome facility of Bordeaux (http://www.biomemb.cnrs.fr) for their contribution to the lipid analysis. We thank Brandon Loveall of Improvence for for providing English language editing for this paper. References Alonso A , Sáez R , Goñi FM . 1982 . 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Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. (2018). Interactions between lipids and proteins are critical for organization of plasma membrane-ordered domains in tobacco BY-2 cells. Journal of Experimental Botany, AdvanceArticle(15), 1-3557. "Interactions between lipids and proteins are critical for organization of plasma membrane-ordered domains in tobacco BY-2 cells." Journal of Experimental Botany Advance Article.15 (2018): 1-3557.	2019-04-23T22:22:42	https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/ou_press/interactions-between-lipids-and-proteins-are-critical-for-organization-6I00NVcFOj
0.999449	1. Sew together one olive green print small triangle and one gold print small triangle to make a small triangle-square (Diagram 1). Press the seam allowance toward the gold triangle. Repeat to make a total of five small triangle-squares. 2. Sew together one olive green print large triangle and one gold print large triangle to make a large triangle- square (Diagram 2). Press the seam allowance toward the gold triangle. 3. Sew together two small triangle-squares to make a pair (Diagram 3). Press the seam allowance in one direction. Add the pair to one edge of the large triangle-square. Press the seam allowance toward the large triangle-square. Then join three small triangle-squares to make a row. Press the seam allowances in one direction. Then join the row to the large triangle-square to make a block (Block Assembly Diagram). Press the seam allowance in one direction.	2019-04-24T20:30:30	http://www.allpeoplequilt.com/quilt-patterns/quilt-blocks/mixed-t-quilt-block
0.999352	Instead of writing a summary I plan to write several short stories. Aftermath of the Great War, around 2320 Imperial Calendar. Lyara looked around the waiting hall, now empty. Runes detailing the most important acts of each Phoenix King were engraved in the walls, and the floor was naked marble, deprived of the carpets so favoured in Eataine. A brief smile appeared in her lips as her eyes passed by the deeds of Caledor the Second, remembered as the Warrior. As much as he represented the folly of war and the decline of her homeland, he had also granted each Caledorian elf the right to personally raise a petition to the Phoenix King once in their lifetimes, so long as their families had remained loyal to his father Caledor the Conqueror in the war against the Witch King. For that, in this moment, she was grateful to the proud old fool. A timid knock on the door interrupted her thoughts. “Lady Ithildriel, the Blessed of Asuryan will hear your petition next”. As she crossed the doors, the echoes of her footsteps soon overcame the dying whispers of the courtesans, but their eyes were not on her. At the other side of the hall a figure was climbing the stairs, covered in a white cloak. His face bore a strange expression, his eyes were unfocused and dreamy, but his movements were no less firm and precise than those of a trained soldier. He stopped for a moment at the top of the stairs, as if he had climbed atop a peak of the Annulii. A deep silence had befallen the room, and Lyara realized that the torches of the room had suddenly started to burn with an intense orange flame. The elf finally tossed aside his cloak and took seat on the throne behind him. His gaze focused, and he briefly smiled. Her voice sounded far less firm than it had when she rehearsed her petition to her suit of armor on the way to the capital. She allowed the silence to last a bit longer than was courteous while she recovered her poise. “Your Highness, my brother served valiantly with the Loremaster Teclis in the last war against Chaos. He died in battle defending the humans from those who worship the Great Enemy. Not long before, when our dark kin invaded our lands, my father was injured in battle defending our fortress. As he could not fight anymore, my mother took the ancient sword of our House and the command of the defense. I wanted to fight beside them, but they would not risk another child”. Lyara made a brief pause, and she continued with cold voice. “I came on this day to ask the court to allow me to fulfill my duty and fight for our homeland.” A silence followed her words, and the face of Finubar was a mask of marble. “I am sorry for your loss, Lyara of House Ithildriel. May the souls of your brother rest in the peace of Asuryan, knowing that his service to Ulthuan will not be forgotten.” A formulaic approach to condolences, but Lyara could tell that the sad note in his voice was honest. “In these dark times, we have lost too many of our kin, but our homeland is safe again, and we should take pride on that”. The Phoenix King briefly stopped, as if to let her weigh his words. “Your request is an honorable one, but pray tell, Lyara of House Ithildriel, what do you mean by fighting for our homeland? The war is over, and we ought to focus on rebuilding what has been destroyed. Are you not fulfilling your duty by managing the seat of your ancestors?”. She had asked herself the very same question a thousand times. Whispers started to rise as she finished her speech, but the hall promptly returned to silence as the Phoenix King started to speak. “I wish you good fortune, Lyara of House Ithildriel. I declare the session over”.	2019-04-25T18:04:51	http://ulthuan.net/forum/viewtopic.php?f=11&t=70510
0.999999	InfoWorld - Microsoft managed to earn a slight profit for its fiscal 2008 fourth quarter despite a billion-dollar-plus charge related to expenses the company incurred to fix faulty Xbox360 consoles. Investor's Business Daily - Strong sales of Microsoft's Windows Vista operating system and Office 2007 productivity software helped the company beat Wall Street's revenue estimates for its fiscal fourth quarter. PC World - Microsoft Corp. managed to earn a slight profit for its fiscal 2008 fourth quarter despite a billion-dollar-plus charge related to expenses the company incurred to fix faulty Xbox360 consoles. TechWeb - Microsoft credited growth to "solid customer acceptance" of Windows Vista and Office 2007 and increasing sales of SQL Server, Windows Server and Visual Studio. InfoWorld - As part of its plan to earn more revenue from online advertising, Microsoft is teaming with a San Francisco-based provider of mobile broadband advertising to deliver advertising to users of municipal Wi-Fi networks. Reuters - Microsoft Corp. said on Thursday it eked out a gain in net profit despite taking a $1 billion charge to pay for repairs to its Xbox 360 game consoles. AP - Perhaps Chinook, the checker-playing computer program, should be renamed "King Me." Canadian researchers report they have "solved" checkers, developing a program that cannot lose in a game popular with young and old alike for more than a thousand years. AP - Four percent of American youths online have been asked to send a sexually explicit photo of themselves over the Internet, researchers say in a new study. AP - She is a latecomer to the information superhighway, but 75-year-old Sigbritt Lothberg is now cruising the Internet with a dizzying speed. Lothberg's 40 gigabits-per-second fiber-optic connection in Karlstad is believed to be the fastest residential uplink in the world, Karlstad city officials said. Reuters - Ericsson (ERICb.ST), the world's biggest mobile network maker, reported softer second-quarter earnings than expected on Friday, posting flat sales in its key European market and disappointing the market in its multimedia drive. AP - The European Union on Thursday authorized Germany to give $165 million for research on Internet search-engine technologies that could someday challenge U.S. search giant Google Inc. Reuters - The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission should fix or drop a new online tool which identifies corporations with investments in "sponsors of terrorism" countries, an agency commissioner said. InfoWorld - The battle between advertisers and online search networks over the pervasiveness of click-fraud continues to grow more heated with researchers claiming rapid growth of automated ad impressions and outside observers noting an overall lack of transparency in the space. TechWeb - Performance was driven by the core search and ads business, the company said. But Microsoft is gaining market share, and regulators may soon have Google under the microscope. InfoWorld - The working group for the emerging IEEE 802.20 mobile broadband standard, which was suspended last year after a fight over members' real company affiliations, has changed its voting rules.	2019-04-22T15:58:03	http://powerasp.net/news/technology-news-2007-07-20.asp
0.998668	Some jobs don't end at the end of a shift. Some jobs follow you home--literally. Jess Harris has such a job. She is the Deputy Chief of the Birmingham Police Department and she's recently gotten a little present from a serial killer who has attempted to add her name to his list of victims. While she and the FBI department she formerly worked in attempted to find and apprehend him, he's the one that got away by fleeing the country. While she's suspected the man may be back in the states, a present left in her refrigerator--a Chinese takeout style box filled with worms with a note attached that read, "Are you going to fish or cut bait?"--leaves little doubt the man has come back to play, and a deadly and complicated game of cat and mouse is about to ensue. As if that wasn't enough, another serial killer who has remained silent for over a decade has made his presence known. The second psychopath mailed a box of bones with a newspaper article about a little girl who went missing over thirteen years ago. The girl was the last victim of a kidnapper dubbed the 'Man in the Moon'. The inside flap of the box had instructions which requested that the box and its contents be given to Jess. While Jess had been just a child herself when the kidnappings had occurred, it's believed her recent notoriety among the media spurred the killer to reach out to her. For nearly two decades the 'Man in the Moon' had stalked the streets of Birmingham. Every year, on the night of the Harvest/Hunter's Moon, a young girl between the ages of seven and nine had gone missing. During a Harvest Moon, the moon looks to be closer to the earth than at any other time. Someone in the media noticed and commented that "it was almost as if the moon got so close to the earth that the man living there reached down and snatched a human child so he wouldn't have to live alone." Hence, the name 'Man in the Moon' stuck. When the madness finally ended, a total of twenty little girls had gone missing and their fates had remained a mystery, until now. The note left by the killer read, "Hello, Jess. We're all waiting for you to find us." And thus ensued a second deadly game, one of entailing a combination of 'hide-and-go-seek' and 'tag, you're it'. The question is will she be able to win the game many other officers haven't? If the killer follows his previous pattern she doesn't have much time before he selects his next victim. This is the sixth book of the series and I'm loving it. It's got all the elements one could want from a police series. You've got action, suspense, mystery, and drama. Everything has to be pieced together like a complex puzzle where some of the pieces don't appear until the last second. Kind of like when you put together a jigsaw puzzle and those last couple of piece appear to be missing and you have to search for them only to find they'd wedged themselves somewhere right under your nose waiting to be discovered. Besides all the action and drama associated with the murderers, there is also a great deal of character development that makes the characters appear three dimensional. Jess puts her whole self into her job. Over the past several months she's been trying to coax the serial killer who tried to kill her, and who is known as The Player, to come out of hiding. This may be a case of "be careful what you wish for because you might just get it" because you know a criminal mastermind is not going to play fair. We still don't get closure with this ongoing storyline, but I suspect the next book will have a larger portion of it dedicated to it. What I enjoy most about the series is that the author seeds each book with little kernels of information that make you wonder what their significance might be. I can't help but wonder if there's something off about her landlord. In the last book she found a man's wedding ring in the garage, yet the man has never been married. Was it truly just an innocent trinket or something more? Then there's the mystery of what happened to the other Chief Deputy. There is evidence to suggest he may have been out to do Jess harm before he mysteriously disappeared. Could her landlord have done him in or did someone from the last case he worked on take him out? Regardless of what happened, his disappearance has caused friction between Jess and some of the other cops in her department because it was known that she and Captain Ted Allen had not gotten along and some suspect his disappearance has something to do with her. Overall, I gave this one 5 out of 5 roses and look forward to continuing the series. It's fast paced and draws the reader in in such a way as to give it an almost interactive quality. If your looking for an engaging series which challenges you to solve the mystery before the protagonist does, then you may what to check this series out. I HIGHLY recommend it.	2019-04-26T08:29:51	http://www.seducedbyabook.com/2013/09/ruthless-faces-of-evil-6-by-debra-webb.html
0.99998	and board feet in a joist system. 1. The joist system is feet long. 2. The joists are feet long. 3. The joists are inches wide. 4. The joists are inches on center. 5. The joists are inches thick. 6. There are lineal feet of solid blocking in the joist system.	2019-04-20T03:04:09	http://www.get-a-quote.net/quickcalc/joist_system.htm
0.998464	Perhaps you have had in which talent which you always thought i would show often the world as well as somehow acquire from them? There are countless numbers of aiming artists, professional photographers, filmmakers, along with designers worldwide begging plus wishing thus to their work to generally be showcased. Here is a quick explain to you of World-wide-web businesses that will could alter the lifestyle model of talented men and women. Showcase your company’s talent ON THE WEB By at this moment you might want to know that you will discover gazillions connected with audiences through the World Diverse Web. Buyers around the globe surely have the possibility of the foremost potent multimedia around: the world wide web. Are you a good Photographer? Use the Internet as your online portfolio. You may create a picture site where you could display screen and even show off your own personal graphics. There are lots of internet site constructors which will are for nothing. There usually are also lots of free web based show game makers. There are a great deal of possible choices. Most for them anyone spend out of pocket. Once people have your own private site, market it thru pay in each click internet site so if you’re sure to generate page views and even the audience of audience. One can also like better to take advantage Google’s AdSense or simply Amazon intended for website advertising. Complete not avoid so that you can watermark your own personal performs. Terme conseillé all imagine. When there isn’t a need for you to do this unique, it can conserve via stress in addition to anxiety. Following resulting in a good quality site in addition to promoting the idea internet, anyone can at this time create a cost for use on your pictures. Easily sell these people, or even use them for online profile for providers and clientele. Are you actually some sort of Filmmaker? There are many seriously good filmmakers out right now there. Around, these fight for the actual target audience. Some good movie rarely makes a 1, 000 vistas when not marketed well. The important thing here is usually continually advertisements and advertising systems. Publishing a movie with the internet starts up your windows to really enormous of tv audiences. Upload it again on Myspace, position your own personal selection at the loans. Upload it all on distinct social samtale sites, encourage your production house together with boom; you now have consumers calling you actually for AVPs and jobs. You will also develop a Vlog. A good Vlog is the same as a blog, only along with videos. Generate a decent variety of good video tutorials and in that case catch the attention of companies to your internet site. A person can receive fine income an excellent leaf blower viewers click the ads submitted to your company’s vlog. Is actually really straightforward. You gain while doing the work thing that you just love the majority of. And the best section of that is, pay every click ads is residual income. You have the top for both realms; you are attaining audience even though making bucks in the part. Really a win-win situation.	2019-04-26T06:29:13	http://supportsoft.com.au/the-way-to-handle-customers-in-five-tactics/
0.999565	I seem to divide art makers into a few camps, a general thing I know, and how can something be defined so easily? What I mean is that there are art makers who want to make statements which are externally informed, for example political statements around injustice or gender issues, they have a concept and then say something about that visually. Then there are the ones who are delving internally , having a dialogue and an adventure with the beloved. That's the sort of art I make, Its a letting go , rather than a filling up of ideas. It is chasing the beloved , dancing naked at his feet with brushes in hand. It is excavating the wild divine, or an archeological dig , covered in muck and old debris, searching for rare artifacts to bring into the light of day and then presented to the world, look at this marvelous shape! It is both anthropological and collective. It is an impetus and a compulsion to reveal. I feel this is why so many artists dance between genius and so called madness, or at least are willing to walk a fine line. One thing both camps have in common though is this, that art-making pushes ones own edge, and pushes past constructs and bounds. And in that place humans can be sovereign. In art , humans can be true sovereign beings, whether plumbing depths or scaling heights, or allowing the freedom of a point of view which comes from an embodied act. Its late! I have art to make tomorrow.	2019-04-21T07:16:15	http://www.emberfairbairn.com/the-art-being/excavating-in-the-wild-divine
0.999981	The question I have chosen to do this essay on is to discuss the way the novel is described; it is described as exploring 'the darkness of man's heart'. The novel is set in the not too distant future where war is waging between nuclear powers in the world. Because of these circumstances a large number children have been evacuated from their homes but before they reach their destination their plane is shot down and the survivors land on a tropical almost paradise like island, unspoiled by man. This island is a microcosm representing the world. On the island the survivors all meet together and create a chief Ralph. Things soon go wrong due to members of the original group creating trouble and they decide to form their own tribe with a new chief Jack. I am going to look at how the events on the island have created an idea that the novel is exploring 'the darkness of mans heart'. Another time when we are shown the way the children have been restricted in their basic instincts due to the fact that they have been subjected to society's rigid rules, is when they go on their first hunting expedition. Jack could not bring himself to kill the pig because of "the enormity of the knife descending and cutting into living flesh; because of the unbearable blood". All these games are all right to begin with but "the darkness of mans heart" ie the evil which many are capable of but lies hidden, needs to be controlled or else it will flourish. This shows us how we need to have rules in society or else anarchy and savagery will reign. Discuss the two predominant conflicts (the ideas of modern society and the impulses of primitive man.), in the novel "Lord of the Flies" At the end of the novel, 'The Lord of the Flies', Ralph weeps not just for the death of Piggy, but for the loss of innocence in the boys. Discuss. Is man born basically good and then acquire evil from society, or is man born basically evil and then learn values and decency from society? Is it one's psyche that tells him that injuring a fellow human being is wrong; or is it the society around him? William Golding's view of this question is displayed in his famous novel The Lord of the Flies. In this novel, Golding uses specific passages to reveal certain elements of his theme. He uses the concepts of jealousy and the collapse of learned civil behavior to illustrate his theme that mankind is naturally evil, and learns civil behavior from society. Is the Heart of Darkness Racist?	2019-04-26T08:16:46	http://qidqk.euweb.cz/47-lord-of-the-flies-darkness-of-mans-heart-essays.php
0.999961	The Topics constitutes Aristotle's treatise on the art of dialectic—the invention and discovery of arguments in which the propositions rest upon commonly held opinions or endoxa (ἔνδοξα in Greek). Topoi (τόποι) are "places" from which such arguments can be discovered or invented. 1 What is a "topic"? In his treatise on the Topics, Aristotle does not explicitly define a topos, though it is "at least primarily a strategy for argument not infrequently justified or explained by a principle." He characterises it in the Rhetoric thus: "I call the same thing element and topos; for an element or a topos is a heading under which many enthymemes fall." By element, he means a general form under which enthymemes of the same type can be included. Thus, the topos is a general argument source, from which the individual arguments are instances and is a sort of template from which many individual arguments can be constructed. The word τόπος (tópos, literally "place, location") is also related to the ancient memory method of "loci", by which things to be remembered are recollected by mentally connecting them with successive real or imagined places. Though the Topics, as a whole, does not deal directly with the "forms of syllogism", clearly Aristotle contemplates the use of topics as places from which dialectical syllogisms (i.e. arguments from the commonly held ἔνδοξα, éndoxa) may be derived. This is evidenced by the fact that the introduction to the Topics contains and relies upon his definition of reasoning (συλλογισμός, syllogismós): a verbal expression (λόγος, lógos) in which, certain things having been laid down, other things necessarily follow from these.. Dialectical reasoning is thereafter divided by Aristotle into inductive and deductive parts. The endoxa themselves are sometimes, but not always, set out in a propositional form, i.e. an express major or minor proposition, from which the complete syllogism may be constructed. Often, such propositional construction is left as a task to the practitioner of the dialectic art; in these instances Aristotle gives only the general strategy for argument, leaving the "provision of propositions" to the ingenuity of the disputant. Methods and rationale for attaining each of these ends are briefly illustrated and explained. Book II is devoted to an explication of topics relating to arguments where an "accident" (i.e. non-essential attribute, or an attribute that may or may not belong) is predicated of a subject. Book III concerns commonplaces from which things can be discussed with respect to whether they are "better" or "worse". Book IV deals with "genus"—how it is discovered and what are the sources of argument for and against attribution of a genus. Book V discusses the base of "property"—that which is attributable only to a particular subject and is not an essential attribute. Property is subdivided into essential and permanent, versus relative and temporary. Book VI describes "definition" and the numerous means that may be used to attack and defend a definition. Book VII is a short recapitulation of "definition" and "sameness", and compares the various difficulties involved in forming arguments, both pro and con, about the other bases of dialectical disputation. Book VIII (the final book) is a lengthy survey containing suggestions, hints, and some tricks about the technique of organizing and delivering one or the other side of verbal disputation. The Sophistical Refutations is viewed by some as an appendix to the Topics, inasmuch as its final section appears to form an epilogue to both treatises. ^ These "commonly held opinions" are not merely popular notions held by the man-on-the-street about any and all subjects; rather, the dialectical ενδοξα are commonplaces of reason upon which those who conscientiously dispute (all men, most men, the wise, most of the wise, or the best known among the wise) agree in principle -- i.e. that which is "enshrined" (to borrow a cognate religious term) in opinion or belief among those who engage in disputation. ^ "Dialectic and Aristotle's Topics". Stump, Eleonore. Boethius's De topicis differentiis. Cornell University Press. Ithaca and London, 1978. p. 170. ^ Aristotle refers to rhetoric as "the counterpart to dialectic" in the introduction to his Rhetoric (1354a et seq), noting that both alike are arts of persuasion. Both deal, not with a specific genus or subject, but with the broadly applicable principles of things that come within the ken of all people. Rhetoric is distinguished from dialectic in that the former employs not only syllogism (i.e. enthymeme), but additionally makes use of the character of the speaker and the emotions of the audience to perform its persuasive task. ^ These are discussed elsewhere, as in the Prior Analytics. ^ For Aristotle, "demonstrative" arguments (ἀποδείξεις, apodeíxeis) are those that comprise science, and analyze a particular genus or subject matter by means of propositions or axioms that admit of no further syllogistic proof. "Contentious" arguments are those that proceed from propositions that only seem to be ἔνδοξα éndoxa, or that only seem to reason from such propositions. "Pseudo-scientific" arguments are those based upon faulty models—such as a geometer's argument from a falsely drawn diagram. ^ The Topics contemplates an adversarial system of question and answer, in which one party attempts to elicit from another, through yes-or-no questions, the conclusion he wishes to prove. ^ E.g. Forster, E. S. in Aristotle. Topica. Loeb Classical Library Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989. p. 265. Bekker, Immanuel. Corpus Aristotelicum. Berlin 1831. Oxford 1837. This is probably the most traditionally accepted critical edition of the works of Aristotle (Greek). Oxford Classical Text edition by W. D. Ross, 1958. Aristotle. Topica. Translated by E. S. Forster. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989. With facing Greek and English pages. Collection Budé edition (includes French translation) of Books 1–4 by Jacques Brunschwig, 1967 (2nd ed., 2009). Collection Budé edition (includes French translation) of Books 5–8 by Jacques Brunschwig, 2007). Robin Smith (ed.). Aristotle's Topic Book I and VIII Translation and commentary. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997. G. E. L. Owen (ed). Aristotle on Dialectic: the Topics. Proceedings of the Third Symposium Aristotelicum. Oxford, 1963). Oxford: Clarendon Press 1968. Paul Slomkowski. Aristotle's Topics. Leiden: Brill 1997. Sara Rubinelli. Ars Topica: the Classical Technique of Constructing Arguments from Aristotle to Cicero. Springer 2009.	2019-04-19T16:20:49	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topics_(Aristotle)
0.999993	Here you will find a multiple choice sentence completion worksheet for intermediate English speakers. Choose the correct answer from four possible choices. You can click on the answers to check if you are right! 1. The most _____ boy at school was elected class president. 2. We mainly drove on ____ during the long trip from New York to San Francisco. 3. I already knew what the teacher was teaching, so I was _____ at school today. 4. Ferdinand Magellan organized the first expedition around the _____ using sailing ships. 5. The girl tied her hair using a _____. 6. After scrubbing dirty dishes with soap, you should _____ them with clean water. 7. The music had a fast ____ which made me excited. 8. The plane did a series of ____ maneuvers during the air show. 9. All the ______ got off the train at the last stop. 10. I was well behaved and ____ at the fancy restaurant.	2019-04-22T00:26:30	https://www.skypeenglishclassnow.com/extra-english-help/sentence-completion/complete-the-sentences-intermediate/
0.998631	Does this patient have Fabry disease? Fabry disease is a genetic lysosomal storage disorder caused by defects in the GLA gene on the X chromosome, leading to a deficiency in alpha-galactosidase A. This leads to an accumulation of glycosphingolipids in multiple tissues and cell types, with subsequent organ dysfunction related to direct deposition of the glycosphingolipids as well as inflammation and/or fibrosis related to these deposits. Symptoms in early childhood include severe “burning” pain in hands and feet, growth retardation, nausea and abdominal pain, post prandial diarrhoea and hypohidrosis. Unfortunately, due to the non specific nature of the symptoms in childhood, the diagnosis is often missed and many of these patients are diagnosed with the disease in adulthood. Hyperfiltration, microalbuminuria and proteinuria, sometimes nephrotic range, can be seen in the second or third decade of life, often progressing to renal failure by the fifth decade of life. Severe burning pain in hands and feet, which radiates proximally, and gets worse with stress, heat, illness and exercise is a hallmark of the disease; there are no physical findings of erythema or tenderness associated with the pain of Fabry disease, and often management of pain in such patients is a challenge. Cardiac involvement manifests as left ventricular hypertrophy, arrhythmias, as well as premature coronary artery disease, and is one of the most common causes of mortality in patients with Fabry disease. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is also very common, and includes autonomic dysfunction, strokes and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), often at an early age. Angiokeratomas of the skin are one of the classic findings of Fabry disease, and often help in making the diagnosis. These are reddish purple macular skin lesions often found in a distribution around the umbilicus (abdomen, hips, buttocks, thighs, genitalia), and have a predisposition to bleed. Other dermatologic manifestations include subungal hemorrhages, oral and conjunctival telangiectasias and palmar erythema. Corneal opacities are often seen on a slit lamp exam in patients with Fabry disease, though these are asymptomatic in nature and hence often recognized after the diagnosis of Fabry has been made. Gastrointestinal symptoms of nausea, abdominal pain and diarrhoea may persist into adulthood. If there is a strong clinical suspicion for Fabry disease based on clinical signs and symptoms, a detailed work up is warranted. In male patients, alpha-galactosidase A activity can be checked in leukocytes or plasma, and most hemizygotes have minimal enzyme activity. In female patients, genetic testing is essential to make the diagnosis as they are heterozygotes with variable X chromosome inactivation. The genetic test can also be performed on the amniotic fluid for a prenatal diagnosis. Echocardiography may reveal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and a hypoechogenic line on the echo, described as subendocardial binary appearance, which is relatively specific for patients with Fabry disease. A renal biopsy in the setting of undefined proteinuria may lead to the diagnosis of Fabry disease. In untreated patients, life expectancy is decreased by 15-20 years, with a steep decline after age 35 years. Prenatal screening has not been universally recommended, especially because of the lack of studies demonstrating a benefit of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in infancy or early childhood. Screening is recommended for (1) Male relatives of Fabry patients; (2) male and female patients with symptoms suggestive of Fabry disease; and (3) Female relatives of Fabry patients. How should patients with Fabry disease be managed? Enzyme replacement therapy for Fabry disease became commercially available in Europe in 2001 and in the US in 2003, and the preparation available in US is agalsidase beta. ERT therapy for Fabry may reduce renal, cardiac, and cerebrovascular events as well as death in patients with Fabry disease. Treatment should be instituted in all male adult patients at the time of diagnosis. In pediatric male patients, ERT should be instituted at the time of development of symptoms, or if they remain asymptomatic, can be considered at 10-13 yrs of age. Females of all ages with Fabry disease can be monitored, and ERT instituted if significant symptoms develop, or if there is evidence of progressive end organ damage. ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) play a major role in decreasing proteinuria and preventing progression of renal disease, and should be used in conjunction with ERT. The goal of treatment with these agents is to reduce proteinuria independent of BP targets. In addition, continued therapy with statins for dyslipidemia, and aspirin for stroke prevention has been shown to have beneficial cardiovascular effects. Beta blockers can worsen bradycardia, which is an inherent feature of cardiac involvement in Fabry disease, and should be used carefully. Symptomatic measures like use of metoclopramide for nausea, and H2 blockers for dyspepsia may help the GI symptoms. Pain control is a challenge, and often patients need referrals to pain management clinics. Often good results are seen with medications like carbamezepine, phenytoin, gabapentin and topiramate. Laser treatment has been used for the treatment of problematic angiokeratomas with a good response rate. Patients who develop end stage renal disease secondary to Fabry disease are good candidates for renal transplantation, without recurrence in the near term. What happens to patients with Fabry Disease? The inheritance pattern of Fabry disease is X linked, and symptoms often appear in early childhood, though may not be recognized till early adulthood in some patients. The incidence has been described to be ~1 in 100,000, with a higher incidence in men as expected. Symptoms often present in early childhood, and pain and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are often disabling in nature leading to school absences, growth retardation in children, and loss of work days in adults. Renal manifestations present in the second decade of life as proteinuria and progress to end stage renal disease typically by the fifth decade of life. Cardiac events, including arrhythmias as well as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease, are extremely common and the most common cause of death in female patients with Fabry disease. Cerebrovascular events, including premature strokes and TIAs, are also very common, and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The infusion of the enzyme replacement therapy is occasionally associated with rigors and infusion reactions, which can be minimised with premedication. Home therapy with enzyme replacement has been done in Europe with good results, and this raises hope of increasing patient autonomy and reducing clinic visits, with adequate help from home health care staff and pharmacists. Pain clinic and psychologists often play a big role in the management of patients with Fabry disease, both in dealing with the pain related to the disease as well as the psychological implications of the lifelong disease. Guidelines for the evaluation and management of patients with Fabry disease have been published. Annual clinician visits, with a detailed physical exam, as well as blood work including blood counts and chemistries, with measurement of urine protein and creatinine clearance may be beneficial. Cardiac evaluation with an echocardiogram and electrocardiogram every 2 years is also recommended. Frequent assessment of pain and quality of life, with involvement of a multidisciplinary team consisting of physicians, psychologists, pharmacists and pain specialists is also highly desirable.	2019-04-18T18:49:27	https://www.clinicalpainadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/nephrology-hypertension/genetic-fabrys-disease/
0.999485	How do I graph this answer in Minitab? According to the AAA (American Automobile Association) in April 20, 2005, a family of two adults and two children on vacation in the United States will pay an average of $247.02 per day for food and lodging with a standard deviation of $69.41 per day. For each part:If the probability can be determined, Copy and paste the graph if you use the drop down menu and answer in a complete sentence. If the probability cannot be determined, then answer: “Probability cannot be determined with information given.” Suppose a random sample of 10 families of two adults and two children is selected and monitored while on vacation in the United States. What is the probability that the average daily expenses for the sample are under $250 per day? Suppose a random sample of 50 families of two adults and two children is selected and monitored while on vacation in the United States. What is the probability that the average daily expenses for the sample are under $250 per day? Suppose a random sample of 20 families of two adults and two children is selected and monitored while on vacation in the United States. What is the probability that the average daily expenses for the sample are under $250 per day?1. Accordingto the AAA (American Automobile Association) in April 20, 2005, a family of twoadults and two children on vacation in the United States will pay an average of$247.02 per day for food and lodging with a standard deviation of $69.41 perday. § If theprobability can be determined, Copy and paste the graph if you use the dropdown menu and answer in a completesentence. a. Supposea random sample of 10 families of two adults and two children is selected andmonitored while on vacation in the United States. What is the probability that the averagedaily expenses for the sample are under $250 per day? b. Supposea random sample of 50 families of two adults and two children is selected andmonitored while on vacation in the United States. What is the probability that the averagedaily expenses for the sample are under $250 per day? c. Supposea random sample of 20 families of two adults and two children is selected andmonitored while on vacation in the United States. What is the probability that the averagedaily expenses for the sample are under $250 per day? Q: The chapter prologue describes Sandy's decision to travel to the Himalayas as a medical volunteer. Q: What are the structural modifications in the salivary glands that allow them to carry out their function? Q: 1) 5 is greater than or equal to x, and -9 is less than x 2) Graph the inequality below on the number line. Q: Regression Analysis You have recently been hired as a cost accountant at Travenol Laboratories.	2019-04-21T07:07:04	https://studydaddy.com/question/how-do-i-graph-this-answer-in-minitab
0.999939	of this particular sheet default which is Times font=12. of cells is still not fixed or got forgotten during the fixing process. Just for your info, version 1.4.2 has all the inserts hard-coded to sans font=10, so I'm glad to know that gnumeric version 1.6.x has improved/fixed the bug mentioned (except for the insert cells). Start gnumeric and set the preferences to something other than sans font=10 (I mention this step since version 1.4.2 apparently seemed hardcoded to insert new cells as sans font=10). Then close gnumeric so that you start step2 with a fresh gnumeric that selects the new preferred font type. Start gnumeric and select the default sheet cell so that you highlight all cells on the spreadsheet (top-left above cell A-1). After you highlight all the cells in step 2 above, then on the menu select "Format->cells" to open the "Format cells menu" and select a default font and size other than what you set in your gnumeric preferences in step 1, so if step 1 you selected gnumeric preferences of Helvetica font=9, then here you select sheet preferences of "Times font=12" Using your mouse or cursor keys, select or highlight 2x2 cells at C3,D3,C4,D4 and then on the menu select "Insert->cells" If you selected the preferences mentioned in step 3, then look at the cell attributes and you will note that the inserted cells now are set to the gnumeric default of Helvetica font=9 instead of the sheet preference of Times font=12. Actual results: The spreadsheet ends up having inserted cells that take on the gnumeric preferences instead of the sheet defaults which may be set to a default that is not the same as the normal gnumeric preferences you usually use. Expected results: I expected the inserted cells to take on the sheet preferences because the sheet was set by someone else that has different preferences to what I like. therefore I would like to insert new cells using their preferences instead of mine. I am glad to see that version 1.6.x has the "insert column" (example high-light row B) and "insert row" (example highlight row 2) fixed compared to 1.4.2 but the only one apparently missed is when you highlight a 1 cell or a group of cells. Other information: I think it is probably a bug instead of a feature since I use another spreadsheet and the default action is for it to take the sheet preference instead of the application program default. For reference, I'm comparing it to the spreadsheet program that shipped with OS/2warp3. I don't know how other spreadsheets behave in this circumstance, or if they behave the same way or differently than what is described here. Thanks!	2019-04-19T04:41:38	https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnumeric/issues/52
0.993349	ANCHORAGE - In the words of one of the great mid-1990s indie movie characters: I wasn't even supposed to be here today. Alaska Airlines gave me what I thought was an obscenely good deal to visit the Aleutian Islands -- a plane left Washington, D.C. at 8 a.m. Sunday, and a third plane would get me to Dutch Harbor, AK by 10:30 p.m. eastern time. Important information was not known to me when I booked this. Dutch Harbor flights are canceled all the time. The landing strip down there is described by locals as some cross between the Isle of Sirens and Endor, and it's so dangerous that low fog, like the kind they had yesterday, spurs airlines to consider the mortality of its passengers and cancel its flights. So I accidentally wound up in Alaska's metropolis; happily, some local journalists decided to show me around and dull the disappointment. The ringleader was Shannyn Moore, a left-leaning radio host (Sorry, Republicans. You should have tweeted me.) who regaled me with stories of her car being splattered with red paint and damaged around the windows after Sarah Palin stopped being an easy-to-approach local politician and started being a global celebrity whose supporters responded... proactively to criticism. I see why local pundits and reporters reacted the way they did to Palin's turn. In a very short amount of time, jet-lagged, I visited one local restaurant -- the Bear Tooth Grill -- and ran into State Sen. Hollis French, reporters for local TV and the Anchorage Daily News, and the main blogger behind Mudflats. This was a left-leaning crowd, and I didn't talk politics on the record with French, but there was plenty of confusion and amusement about how the media in the lower 48 covers Palin. (One documentary filmmaker at the restaurant downloaded Ken Vogel's scoop about Palin's new PAC and wondered what to make of the $2500 and $5000 donations to candidates versus the money spent on other promotion of Palin.) This was Anchorage, not her home base in the Wasilla, but there's no Palin merchandise on sale on gift shops, and little discussion of Palin's role in Alaska politics. As far as the left-leaning Alaska media's concerned, the political press corps is being snowed by someone who disappointed the state. But that is the view of the left, and if I can make it back here -- or get stuck here -- I want to see what the other half thinks.	2019-04-21T14:16:37	https://www.theatlantic.com/daily-dish/archive/2010/07/anchorage-after-palin/184901/
0.999888	abstract: Half-Blood Blues by Esi Edugyan won Canada's highest honor, The Scotiabank Giller Prize for 2011. Esi was also longlisted for the 2012 Orange Prize for Fiction, a finalist for the Man Booker Prize, the Rogers Writers' Trust Fiction Prize, the Governor General's Literary Award for Fiction, the Walter Scott Prize for historical fiction and the Ethel WIlson Fiction Prize. That is a lot of final lists! Take a peek as Esi is awarded her prize at the Giller Prize ceremony followed by her interview on Canada AM. The author's website describes the novel as: "Berlin, 1939. A young, brilliant trumpet-player, Hieronymus, is arrested in a Paris cafe. The star musician was never heard from again. He was twenty years old. He was a German citizen. And he was black. Fifty years later, Sidney Griffiths, the only witness that day, still refuses to speak of what he saw. When Chip Jones, his friend and fellow band member, comes to visit, recounting the discovery of a strange letter, Sid begins a slow journey towards redemption. From the smoky bars of pre-war Berlin to the salons of Paris, Sid leads the reader through a fascinating, little-known world, and into the heart of his own guilty conscience. Half-Blood Blues is an electric, heart-breaking story about music, race, love and loyalty, and the sacrifices we ask of ourselves, and demand of others, in the name of art. "With Half-Blood Blues, Esi Edugyan has written a truly beautiful novel. With perfect pitch, and brilliantly in tune with the diction, musicality, suffering and dignity of Black jazz musicians trying to survive in France and Germany during World War Two, and to hold their lives together in the aftermath of horror. It is both taut and expansive, like great jazz. Exquisite language, throughout. And did I say beautiful?" "The characters in Esi Edugyan's stunning novel bring to mind Mark Twain who understood characters like these... the language of Edugyan's narrative moves us with its intrinsic power, grace, and soulful jazz cadences. Half Blood Blues is an engrossing and unforgettable story." "Simply stunning, one of the freshest pieces of fiction I've read. A story I'd never heard before, told in a way I'd never seen before. I felt the whole time I was reading it like I was being let in on something, the story of a legend deconstructed. It's a world of characters so realized that I found myself at one point looking up Hieronymous Falk on Wikipedia, disbelieving he was the product of one woman's imagination" Esi Edugyan was born in Calgary Alberta where she was raised by her Ghanaian immigrant parents-both locations are oil and gas industry hubs so it seems likely that there is a connection . She studied Creative Writing in Victoria and Johns Hopkins University and has held fellowships in the US, Scotland, Iceland, Germany, Hungary, Finland, Spain, and Belgium. Her first novel The Second Life of Samuel Tyne was published in 2004. She began writing Blues on a while in a Writer in Residence program in Stuttgart Germany. She lives in Victoria, British Columbia, with her husband, author and poet Steven Price, and their daughter. Since this book is set in Germany renowned for its white wines we decided to Google "wines, Stuttgart" and hit the jackpot! It turns out that Stuttgart has a 1000 year old viniculture history and Germany itself has 13 different wine growing regions. The state capital of Baden-Württemberg is not only the largest wine-growing community in Germany, but also the location of the country's nicest "Wine Village". Learn more about the Baden wine growing region here. Here is an excellent 3 minute video tutorial from the Wine and Spirit Education Trust, a worldwide education institute, well worth a click! As early as the 3rd century AD Roman emperors planted vineyards all over Germany. By the 16th century Stuttgart had already become one of the largest wine-growing communities in the Holy Roman Empire. Today, the main wines grown in the Stuttgart region are the popular red Trollinger, Spätburgunder and the exquisite Lemberger, and spirited white wines such as Riesling, Kerner, Silvaner or Müller Thurgau. The state capital of Stuttgart is the only German city with its own municipal wine-growing estate, with some 17.5 hectares of vineyards spread over six different locations. And the countless awards that Stuttgart's wine growers receive year after year are proof of the fact that they are masters of their trade. In 2010 the Weinmanufaktur Untertürkheim took second place in the magazine Vinum`s German Red Wine Award in the category 'Cuvée'. The nicest way to make the aquaintance of the local wines must surely be a visit to one of the many merry wine festivals held annually all over the Stuttgart region. From August to September connoisseurs and wine-lovers from all over the world meet at the popular 'Stuttgart Wine Village', one of Germany's biggest and best wine festivals. In the heart of the city on the marketplace and Schiller Square round about the Old Palace, outstanding wines are served in nostalgically decorated arbours. There are 500 different wines from Baden and Württemberg to sample. Stuttgart`s chefs serve regional cuisine, a selection of Swabian specialities such as Kässpätzle (cheesy noodles), Maultaschen (filled pasta squares) or Schupfnudeln (potato noodles) with sauerkraut - to name but a few. To decifer German wine labels click here for the 10 bits of information you can garner off each label - typical German efficiency!	2019-04-19T21:19:50	http://www.bookbuffet.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/news.article/type/home/article_ID/7D3BAC2C-68A0-4478-919B389DE403D965/index.cfm
0.992641	0:00Skip to 0 minutes and 0 secondsLet's talk a little bit more about what this means, this culture of experimentation. So if we apply the scientific method to our work, that's a lot of what is the foundation of this culture of experimentation. So in that take on things, and I've adapted this from the lean starter greases book, which did an excellent job of describing how to use the scientific method and lean methods for innovation. We start with an idea and we're looking to figure out do we know who our buyer is, do we have a vivid view of who they are? That helps us groom and texture ideas and figure out which ones are most likely to be valuable. Then we create a hypothesis. 0:41Skip to 0 minutes and 41 secondsIt's a sort of a fancy word but it just means that some testable formulation of if we do this for the user then we think they'll like it and respond in a certain way. That's how we instrument observation into every single thing that we do, we have hypothesis and assumptions. And then we think about how we're going to test that and we look at efficient focal item appropriate ways of doing that. We'll work a lot on that over the rest of this course. And then we're experimenting, so rather than worry about should it be red, should it be blue? 1:14Skip to 1 minute and 14 secondsWe say, look let's just try blue or Not blue as the case may be and here's how we'll know whether that was the right decision or not. And we'll make a decision, we'll do something, and we'll instrument observation into the end rather than arguing about should it be one way, should it be another. So we're driving this moment on every single thing where we say we had an explicit idea about what was going to be good and we should persevere and scale this up and keep going. Or as they say in lean startup, we should pivot and try something else. And this works for big strategic, should we build this product, should we not build this product thing. 1:51Skip to 1 minute and 51 secondsBut it also works at a really tactical level, with individual features and even tweaks to individual features. One everyday thing that's important to do to cultivate this culture of experimentation is the ability to distinguish between facts, assumptions, and opinions. All of which are okay, but it's important to just be clear about which is which, and to identify them and help your team identify them. Here's an example from the California drought. This first item you see here, what do you think that is? I would say this is a fact. And we'll assume, for the moment, that it's true. And then, the second thing, what do you think that is? 2:33Skip to 2 minutes and 33 secondsResidents of Orange County aren't going to reduce their water usage this summer. I would say that's an assumption, because it's something that's testable, and you can start into this summer and sort of see if it's happening or not. So I would say that's an assumption. We don't really know if that's going to be true, but we could test it and observe it. And then this last item here, this thing about the moral imperative, I mean that's clearly an opinion, it's not testable, it has normative items in it should, whatever. So, that's the difference between these three things. 3:06Skip to 3 minutes and 6 secondsAnd so just think about in your next conversation with somebody about something touchy or important or whatever, when are we talking about, when are you talking about, when are they talking about facts, versus assumptions, versus opinions. 3:20Skip to 3 minutes and 20 secondsAs we close, I'll leave you with this other idea. Building a really great product. So making sure that you're not building a product who has 80% of it's features going unused and irrelevant to the user is about being specifically right or maybe wrong a lot of the time instead of just being generally not wrong. So instead of building something that's not terrible, we're trying to build something that's very specifically right or that we can observe that it's not right and change it. So let me give you an example of how this might work. Let's say we have a screen for a user, okay? And it could have any number of ten elements on it. Okay? 4:00Skip to 4 minutes and 0 secondsNow in a non-agile environment, we'd just say, well, I don't know there might be these ten things. And the developers are working on it, so let's just put all those ten things in front of a user, and we'll release that. Well, then guess what happens. The users are confused. Different people use different fields in a different way. And your getting something that, maybe since you put everything in there, nobody is going to say you're missing anything, but they're also not going to like it very much because you weren't focused and good design comes from focus, and focus comes from understanding the user. In an agile environment you would ideally have done the work to understand what's important to the user. 4:39Skip to 4 minutes and 39 secondsSo is it these two fields, is it five, what is it? And you should at least be able to hazard a guess. And what you would do on an agile team, is work in small iterations with observation, and let's say you're pretty confident that there's at least too many things that absolutely must be in there. We'll put in those two, release it, observe users, talk to them about what they're doing, and then figure out if something is missing, and then in subsequent small batches add it back in. 5:07Skip to 5 minutes and 7 secondsSo that's just an example of what this means, but this is something that I think as you go through and think about how to apply agile, you'll find a lot of examples of decisions that are being made to be not wrong instead of being made to be specifically right. In this video, Alex explains what it means to be a culture of experimentation. As you watch this video, think about whether or not your current organization has a culture of experimentation. What needs to change in order for it to become more of a culture of experimentation? Share your thoughts in the comments section and read other learners’ contributions.	2019-04-26T10:33:09	https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/agile-meets-design-thinking/2/steps/288979
0.999869	My girl (now almost 15) wants to learn how to ride a horse, and she also wants to learn how to take care of horses. I have very little experience with horses, and I know some of y'all do, so what do I look for to find a place that will give good lessons? What should tell me to hop back in the car and look elsewhere? Is there a particular discipline/sport she'd like to pursue, or does she just want to be around horses? Assuming the latter, I think your best best place to start is Pony Club: http://www.ponyclub.org/ Not all club will have access to trainers and facilities with school horses (and not every club is going to be well-organized and -run), but they're veryvery dedicated to horsemanship as well as riding (and to a well-rounded education), and even if you guys don't want to jump in with both feet, your local PC should have some ideas about good local options for lessons and instructors. ...my rule of thumb is that it's better to have good instruction in the wrong discipline than bad instruction in the right one. I disagree with folks who say that all the disciplines are basically the same thing, but still, good basics are good basics and the body control and horse sense will translate pretty comfortably, and I figure that doing things well is more fun and safer than doing them badly. I tend to feel like I get more from seeing the place, watching some lessons, observing the people and horses, etc., than I do from an extensive phone interview, so my bias is towards asking if I can set up a time to come by the barn, get the tour and then watch a couple of lessons. I would do that once or twice before setting up my own lesson--if I'm going to hit red flags, I want to do it before I'm up on one of their horses. But asking for references--a couple of students and/or boarders who might be willing to discuss the place in email or own the phone--is worth doing. I would be looking, in your area, for someplace with an indoor arena, so you're not at the mercy of the weather. (But I'd want an outdoor, too, to avoid the hot-house flower effect.) Not every barn is going to have trail access--it's a plus, the lack thereof is neutral to me. Instructor certification is one of those controversial subjects in the horse world. I don't know about WI; in MA, all instructors are required to have a state certification. Then there are a variety of other programs--the eventing world has the ICP (Instructor Certification Program), frex--that are optional and of varying degrees of quality. I've ridden in some ICP workshops and I think it's a decent program and in general, I figure that it's a good sign if someone is willing to put in the time/money/energy to get themselves educated and certified, but there are plenty of awful instructors out there with certifications, too--it's no guarantee of quality--and plenty of excellent ones with no specific credentials. It's still very much a field where apprenticeships and similar are the best source of education. So I'm willing to consider a certification a tentative plus, but not a stamp of approval, if that makes any sense. I would be looking for a barn that uses adult instructors, though. A lot of places have teenaged working students and they can be awesome, awesome riders and some of them are veryvery knowledgeable, but I tend to think they ought not be teaching without supervision. Riding with somebody in their twenties is fine by me, but kids routinely teaching the lessons? Not, I think, generally a good sign. When you're at the barn, hopefully you'll get a tour and you can just look around and get a feel for the vibe. Fancy facilities are by no means a must and it's a barn, so there's going to be dirt, but you want neat--clear aisles without a lot of stuff underfoot, some reasonable level of organization, etc.--and safe--secure-looking fencing, tack that isn't all dried-out and cracking, etc. Tons of manure in the stalls and a strong smell of ammonia is a bad sign (but a few piles, no big deal). Available water is a must. I feel pretty strongly that turnout is good for horses and in [recipient's area], it should be fairly available; there should be some sort of shelter in the paddocks/pastures if horses are out in all weather. Lesson horses should certainly be healthy-looking. Bright eyes, good-looking and -feeling coats (probably shaggy this time of year), hooves that aren't cracking and chipped, basic interest in what's going on. Doesn't bother me at all to see a shadow of rib on a fit horse, but protruding hipbones or clearly visible ribs in an otherwise unhealthy-looking critter, obviously not a good idea. Similarly, super-fat isn't great. Dirt and mud doesn't faze me--hurrah for a horse getting turned out!--but obviously that should be knocked off before the horse is ridden. A patch of white hairs on an otherwise dark horse on the withers/back tends to be a sign of an ill-fitting saddle. One or two horses wouldn't bother me--you don't know where the horses came from, some are hard to fit, etc.--but everything in the barn would be an issue. Similarly, a lot of lesson horses are going to be older, which is good--if they're putting beginners on green four-year-olds, that's a bad, bad sign in my book; I want a range of horses for a variety of riders, yes, but generally erring on the side of safe and rideable; that's more conducive to building confidence and skill--and they can come from all sorts of backgrounds. It doesn't necessarily bother me to see one or two horses out of a barn that look a little rough, or grumpy, or that may move a touch unevenly; there are a lot of horses out there that are servicably sound and enjoy their jobs and do them well but that wouldn't pass muster in the show ring. But most of the horses, most of the time, should seem cheerful and willing and capable. It's a judgment call thing, yes? If Old Paint looks a little scruffy and takes a bad step now and again but his ears are up and he goes and does and the instructor clearly values him--and that's another thing to watch, do the staff interact with the horses (and people!) in a way that seems kind and fair?--and when you ask about him, they say he's twenty-five and they've had him for ten years and he does one or two walk-trot lessons a day with smaller riders and it helps his arthritis for him to keep moving and everything else in the barn look great, that's fine by me. If he's got his ears pinned and his muzzle wrinkled and he keeps trying to stop and the rider and staff don't seem to have any concern for him and the limping gets worse as the lesson goes on? That's not. Honestly, that's my basic rule: I want to see everyone improve over the course of a lesson. I picked my current barn when I went to a jump clinic and it was the first time they were jumping outdoors that year and some of the horses were high as kites--but every single horse/rider pair got better from start to finish that day. I was sold. Also, I liked the instructor's style and the general vibe, which is very much a personal thing, and being able to tell whether or not you'll click is another reason to go watch some lessons. (Oh! I would steer clear of places that throw beginners into group lessons in the first couple of weeks. Obviously your case may be different, depending on how quickly things come back to you. But starting a beginner on a longe line is a good sign, and so is making sure they have one-on-one focused attention until they can confidently, comfortably, and consistently at least walk and trot on their own. Otherwise you can end up with a whole lot of chaos. Other safety issues, they should make you sign a waiver, and should require that you wear an ATSM/SEI-certified helmet (often they'll have a few loaners you can use for the first lesson or two) and boots with a heel. Some great instructors, especially in dressage and the western disciplines, will opt not to wear a helmet themselves and won't require it of adult students. This doesn't mean they aren't great instructors, but I think it's a stupid practice and I like your brain too much to want to see it crunched. Wear the helmet. Thanks so much! We're in southern Indiana now so a lot applies. I don't think she knows which sport or discipline is for her, but this will certainly help us find a good place.	2019-04-23T10:13:56	https://alphasunrise.livejournal.com/264162.html
0.994961	Wellington: New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern on Sunday said bodies of those killed in the Christchurch mosques shooting will begin to be returned to their families starting with a small number. Police and Coronial Services were working with urgency and care to identify the victims and handle them according to an internationally approved process, Chief Coroner Judge Deborah Marshall said. "Identification hearings will start this afternoon and we are anticipating that the process of returning the deceased will commence tonight," said Deputy Commissioner Wally Haumaha. "This is a complex task which must be completed according to New Zealand law. We are working closely with community representatives to explain the process," he added. Police have gathered the evidence and was working with families of those who were still missing. The Coroner is confirming the victims' identities. "We acknowledge that the last 48 hours have been the most horrific in these families lives. "We understand it is an added trauma for them that they have not been able to bury their loved ones quickly, according to their religious duty," he said. "We are working closely with Imams from Mosques and the Federation of Islamic Associations of New Zealand. "This is an unprecedented event and the support of the Muslim leaders and their community has been invaluable," said Haumaha. Marshall and two other coroners and four support staff are in Christchurch to provide additional capability and support to the locally-based coroners to help speed up the process, the New Zealand Herald reported. The nationalities of the victims cannot be confirmed at this stage, Marshall said, adding that information on this will be released as soon as possible as the coronial process continues. "This is a long and complex process and all organisations involved are working as quickly as possible to return loved ones to their families but it's vital we have certainty around cause of death for any future court proceedings," Detective Superintendent Peter Read says. The deceased are examined and documented in situ, then taken to the mortuary. The suspect 28-year-old Brenton Tarrant, had killed 49 people and injured 50 more in New Zealand's worst attack, when he opened fire at the Al Noor and Linwood mosques during the Friday prayers. One more person succumbed later. Tarrant has been charge with one count of murder and kept in a high- security facility, Ardern told a press conference. There would be an increased police presence in Christchurch, the country's second largest city on Monday, with an extra 120 officers, she added, adding all mosques would be guarded by the police. While she would hold a crucial cabinet meet, specialist teams would be at Christchurch schools and early learning centres. Support lines would also be available to anyone who needs it, Ardern said. The parliament would pay tribute to the victims on Tuesday. A special vigil has been arranged on Sunday evening in Christchurch where police, hospitals, first responders would be present.	2019-04-23T00:53:38	https://ommcomnews.com/world-news/christchurch-victims-kin-to-get-bodies-soon-pm
0.998522	Cow patties -- cow poop mixed with hay and dried in the sun, made mainly by Indian women in rural area -- are among the hottest selling items by online retailers including Amazon and eBay in India, according to media reports. Some retailers are offering discounts for large orders and offering free gift wrapping. Cow dung has a special spiritual significance in Hindu religion. The cows in India do not eat non-vegetarian items and only eat grass or grains which makes cow dung holy and acceptable. In a lot of pujas (worship rituals), both dried and fresh cow dung is used. From Govardhan Puja to havans, cow dung is used during pujas. In many spiritual "yagnas", the fire is lit using dried cow dung and desi ghee (clarified butter). It is believed that burning cow dung with ghee is one of the best ways to purify the home, according to BoldSky.com. When people in need of money go to unscrupulous and unregulated moneylenders, they usually get trapped in mounting debts at exorbitant interest rates. In developing nations like India and Pakistan, many end up losing their basic freedom and human dignity when they are forced to work as bonded laborers. How can this situation be changed? The first obvious answer is to enforce laws and rules against the use of bonded labor. The second, often ignored, answer is to enable people to legitimately borrow the money they need from regulated financial institutions like banks. In addition, they can also save and invest money as bank customers. This is called financial inclusion. Pakistan's PPP GDP is nearing trillion US$ mark in 2015, according to the latest figures available from the International Monetary Fund. Nominal GDP based on current exchange rates is reported at $270 billion in 2015, up from $246 billion in 2014, an increase of $24 Billion. Pakistan's per capita nominal GDP for 2015 is $1,427.085, up from $1,325.790 in 2014. The nation's PPP GDP increased from $884 billion to $930 billion, an increase of $46 billion. Pakistan per capita PPP GDP is $4,902 for 2015, up from $4,749 in 2014, according to the IMF. A dramatic decline in terrorist violence in Pakistan since the launch of Pakistan Army's Operation Zarb-e-Azb and a big drop in international oil prices have helped drive the country's economic recovery in recent months. Among the clearest signs of recovery are increasing auto sales, growing smartphone purchases and cement consumption. Pakistanis were crowned World Champions and won the Maths World Cup, with Malaysia taking second place and the Literacy World Cup and Australia claiming third place overall and the Science World Cup, according to a report in Australia's The Educator publication. World Education Cup 2015 saw student competitors from 159 countries earn 169 million UNICEF points, and raise more than $100,000 which will help 33,000 kids go to school. The event was hosted by 3P Learning, an Australian company internationally renowned for its online education resources including Mathletics. Its CEO, Tim Power, said he had seen a big improvement in the results of STEM education subjects. World Education Games is a free downloadable program for registered schools for students to use. Pakistan saw its first Black Friday sales this year. These retail sales were on at both brick-and-mortar stores and e-tailers like Daraz.pk. There were also media reports indicating similar sales in the UK and other countries as well. For those unfamiliar with Black Friday, let me explain what it is. Black Friday, a day of mega sales by retailers, follows Thanksgiving Day in America. Black Friday marks the start of the annual Christmas shopping season that accounts for about half the annual retail revenue and much of the profits earned by US retailers. India's capital Delhi has the dubious distinction of being the world's most polluted city and Diwali fireworks are making its air pollution even worse. The smog will be particularly dangerous on Nov. 12 and 13, with the concentration of pollution-related particles — PM2.5 and PM10 — projected to increase by 148% and 170% respectively, according to Indian media reports. News headlines said US President Obama's 3 day visit to New Delhi last year cut his life expectancy by 6 hours. Why? Because Delhi has the highest level of the airborne particulate matter, PM2.5 considered most harmful to health, with 153 micrograms per cubic meter, 15 times higher than the 10 micrograms per cubic meter considered safe by the World Health Organization (WHO). Top economists have now joined the rapidly growing ranks of Indian writers, historians and other intellectuals warning Modi government of the negative consequences of rising intolerance for the entire nation. LNG spot prices hit a new low of $4 per mmBTU as the supply continues to significantly outstrip demand. It's creating opportunities for Pakistan to get access to large supply of cheap fuel for its power generation. With softening demand from China and 130 million tons per year (mmpta) of additional LNG supply set to reach market over the next five years, gas research firm Wood Mackenzie sees continuing downward pressure on global LNG spot prices. Uber, the rapidly growing San Francisco based behemoth known for its taxi app, appears to be getting ready to launch its service in Lahore, Pakistan, according to media reports. A report in Tech In Asia points to the career page on Uber website that shows openings for “general manager”, “operations and logistics manager”, and a “marketing manager,” for Lahore, Pakistan's second-largest city. In fact, Uber has confirmed its plans to launch in Pakistan soon, according to TechJuice. Pakistan auto industry is booming. Toyota, Suzuki and Honda factories are working around the clock in the southern port city of Karachi and eastern city of Lahore -- yet customers can still wait for up to four months for new vehicles to be delivered, according to media reports. At the same time, increased construction activity is visible everywhere in the country. Local car sales, excluding imported cars, jumped to 54,812 units in the first three months (Jul-Sep) of fiscal year 2016, up 72% from 31,899 units in the same period of last year, according to data released by the Pakistan Automotive Manufacturers Association (PAMA). Pak Suzuki led the pack with 33,770 units followed by Indus Motors (Toyota) 14,767 cars and Honda Motors 6,184 units. Industry analysts at Topline Securities expect local car sales to reach 203,653 units during the current fiscal year. Is US Aid Good or Bad For Pakistan? This year's Nobel Prize winning economist Angus Deaton of Princeton University considers foreign aid to developing nations a curse like the oft-mentioned resource curse of energy and mineral-rich nations of Africa and the Middle East. Deaton has studied poverty in India and Africa and spent many decades working at the World Bank whose charter it is to fight poverty. He argues that, by trying to help poor people in developing countries, the rich world may actually be corrupting those nations' governments and slowing their growth and hurting the poor in the process. Prof William Easterly of New York University has published a paper titled "Can Foreign Aid Buy Growth?" that supports the view that increase in foreign aid has reduced economic growth in Africa. Having failed to persuade, intimidate, bribe and sanction Pakistan to abandon its nuclear weapons program, there are credible reports that Washington is now ready to accept Pakistan as a legitimate nuclear weapons state in exchange for limiting the range of the country's ballistic missiles. Washington is abuzz with the news of major think tank analyses and credible media reports indicating that the October 22, 2015 Obama-Sharif summit agenda includes US-Pakistan civil nuclear deal along the lines of India-US civilian nuclear deal. Pakistan will soon be starting its first professional sports league along the lines of for-profit sports leagues like Major League Baseball (MLB) or National Football League (NFL) in the United States. India's IPL (Indian Premier League) was the first such league in the cricket world. It was started by India's Lalit Modi who studied professional sports business at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. Several other countries, including Australia, Bangladesh, England, Sri Lanka, South Africa and the Caribbean nations (West Indies), followed suit with their own versions of premier league. Pakistan is the latest country to join this movement with its own league called PSL or Pakistan Super League. Pakistan is the 2nd largest cricket market after India in terms of viewership. It's the 4th largest market after India, England and Australia in revenue terms.	2019-04-19T14:50:43	https://www.southasiainvestor.com/2015/
0.999999	Why doesn't religion rank higher among sources of meaning? Americans are less likely to name religion as a source of meaning or identity than other things, such as family or career. There are several likely reasons for this, researchers say. Religion shapes many aspects of many Americans' lives, affecting whom they marry, what they eat and how they'll celebrate the holidays. And yet it ranks below things like family relationships, careers and even pets on recent studies of sources of meaning and identity in people's lives. When asked an open-ended question about sources of meaning, just 1 in 5 U.S. adults mention something to do with spirituality or faith, compared to 69 percent who cite family members and 34 percent who mention their careers, according to a recent Pew Research Center survey. The 2018 American Family Survey found that people are significantly more likely to say being a spouse or parent is an "extremely" or "very" important part of their identity than being a person of faith. What explains religion's place on these lists? The answer isn't just that there are a rising number of nonbelievers in America, according to researchers. Religion exerts a more subtle influence on our daily lives than other sources of meaning, said Clay Routledge, a psychology professor at North Dakota State University. People may recognize that they derive meaning from family and friends, but not acknowledge that religion helped them develop those close relationships. "I think religion helps shepherd people towards one another, and then those relationships stand out as most meaningful to them," he said. Simply comparing the popularity of different sources of meaning means ignoring other findings that tell a more positive story about religion, said Greg Smith, associate director of research at Pew Research Center. "It's an 'on the one hand' and 'on the other hand' kind of story," he said. "Among those who say say they get a great deal of meaning from (religion), people tend to rank it among the most important sources of meaning in their lives. That's not true of things like caring for pets and listening to music." Routledge was inspired to study sources of meaning, in part, by a personal fascination with the human condition. He likes reflecting on existential questions about purpose and the meaning of life. This personal passion aligns with more practical concerns. Across the country and around the world, there's interest in studying meaning and identity because people's conceptions of themselves and their reasons for living affect health outcomes, Routledge said. "How people approach questions about meaning and purpose has a whole host of implications for health and well-being," he said. Being aware of this helps researchers persist through challenges associated with this area of study. It's difficult to research sources of meaning and identity because there are so many of them, Smith said. "When you're designing survey questions, you ideally want to have a set of response options … that captures the whole breadth of opinions you could imagine existing in the population," he said. "But the potential number of sources from which Americans and others might find meaning is limitless." For this reason, Pew asked about sources of meaning in two different ways: with a set of open-ended questions and a second set of traditional, close-ended questions. Twenty percent of Americans mentioned faith or spirituality when asked an open-ended question about sources of meaning. That figure rises to 36 percent when survey respondents are asked directly whether their "religious faith" provides a great deal of meaning and fulfillment, Pew reported. Another challenge of this area of research is that it's difficult to define "meaning" or "purpose" or "identity." Using the word "meaning" in the text of a survey question might prompt introspection, while "identity" could lead people to think about how they're seen by others. "Different words cue different things. You won't get the same answer even though these ideas are closely connected," said Jeremy Pope, who is co-director of BYU's Center for the Study of Elections and Democracy and co-wrote the American Family Survey report. Issues related to question interpretation are common in the research field, Smith said, noting "no survey question is really immune from that." But in the study of meaning and identity, interpretive issues don't end with word definitions, especially when it comes to faith. Religion exerts a more subtle influence on people's lives than parenthood or professional work, as Routledge noted. People may not recognize how faith informs other aspects of their lives even when a religion researcher would argue it does. "People may not think they're getting meaning from religion, but it likely contributes to things they do think they're getting meaning from," Routledge said. Your religious identity often doesn't require as much attention as other personal identities, like being a parent or a pet owner, he added. It may not pop into your mind when you're asked about what defines your daily life. And some people who claim a religious identity don't participate in related rituals more than once a month or even once a year. "If you ask people what makes their lives meaningful, most people don't say religion, except for the most devout people. That's because because if you're devoutly religious, you're praying every day and doing Bible studies. Religion is at the top of your mind," Routledge said. That doesn't mean it's possible to design a survey revealing that religion is a source of meaning or identity for everyone. The number of religious "nones," or Americans who don't identify with a faith group, is growing, and this rise in nonreligious adults is reflected in research on identity and meaning, Smith said. "The share of Americans who say they have no religion or aren't religious is growing very quickly," he said. "You wouldn't expect them to say they get a great deal of meaning from religion." Even some people who claim a religious identity don't participate in many religious activities, Smith added. They may attend a worship service once a week or once a month or only on major holidays like Christmas. "Identifying as Christian, Jewish, Muslim or a member of any number of faith groups doesn't necessarily mean religion is a key part of your life," he said. In other words, surveys showing that religion is a source of meaning to only 1 in 5 U.S. adults and an important part of fewer than half of adults' personal identities shouldn't be surprising in light of other research on Americans' religious beliefs and practices. As Smith noted, it's possible to tell more than one story about religion based on recent meaning-related research. On one hand, it's a less popular source of meaning than being outdoors, caring for pets or listening to music. But on the other, it comes second only to "spending time with family" when people are asked to name the single most important source of meaning in their lives. Recent research also confirms how valuable faith can be for people who crave meaning in their lives, Routledge noted. One of his studies showed that religious people find more meaning than nontheists in relationships, parenting and careers. "Although people don't necessarily say religion gives their lives meaning, religious people report higher levels of meaning overall," he said. Similarly, the American Family Survey showed that people of faith have more sources of identity than atheists. "People who are more religious reported more identities (were important to them), even when you controlled for religion," Pope said. Religion will continue to be an important source of social connections, meaning and purpose, even if it doesn't appear very popular in research on these topics, Routledge said. "Religion is one of those cultural forces with functions we don't always think about," he said.	2019-04-23T02:39:19	https://hanover.wickedlocal.com/ZZ/news/20181214/why-doesnt-religion-rank-higher-among-sources-of-meaning?rssfeed=true
0.999996	Browse the article Did Nostradamus make any predictions about 2012? In this video, meet Delores Cannon, a woman who claims to be the last person to talk to Nostradamus. Even skeptics could see how the verse mirrored the events of 9/11 and, more alarming still, foretold World War III. Except Nostradamus didn't write it. A Brock University student named Neil Marshall did. Marshall wanted to demonstrate how the vague language in Nostradamus' predictions allows them to be twisted to fit any situation. The incident illustrates an interesting phenomenon that's arisen around Nostradamus' legacy: In an effort to piggyback on the fame of one of history's best-known prophets, some people are willing to put Nostradamus' name on work he had nothing to do with, like Earth-shaking predictions about 2012. Before we look ahead to 2012, let's get a better understanding of who Nostradamus was and how he became such a famous soothsayer. Born in France in 1503, Nostradamus originally tried his hand as a healer [source: History.com]. With the bubonic plague in full swing, Nostradamus had plenty of opportunity to practice his craft and experiment with different herbal remedies. After losing both his wife and children to the plague and suffering irreparable damage to his reputation as a healer, Nostradamus turned to astrology and the occult. Initially, he focused on producing a series of almanacs known informally as the Prognostications, but by 1555, Nostradamus had begun publishing a set of much grander predictions that would come to be known as "The Centuries." The tome was filled with gloom and doom, foretelling wars, natural disasters and untold misery for future generations, and it remains as popular today as it's ever been. But did the book say anything about the year 2012? Read on to find out. People have credited Nostradamus with predicting a lot of global disasters -- both man-made and natural. Did he ever tackle 2012? In order to understand what Nostradamus may or may not have said about the year 2012, it helps to understand the structure of the soothsayer's work. Nostradamus' Centuries consists of hundreds of four-line rhyming verses called quatrains written in French, Greek and Latin, among other languages. Because Nostradamus lived in an era of intense religious and political persecution, he made sure to use vague language when writing his prophecies. His approach proved to be a wise one. By 1558, Nostradamus had gained favor with Catherine de' Medici, the queen of France, who eventually appointed him court physician [source: History.com]. And like Catherine de' Medici, millions of others have been fascinated by Nostradamus' writings, claiming they've predicted everything from the French Revolution to the bombing of Pearl Harbor. This quatrain is unique in that Nostradamus specified a number related to the event he describes. Still, while the prophecy has some specifics like a location and what could be a date, terms such as "blood of the just" and "ancient lady" are left open to interpretation, just as Nostradamus intended. Because we can deconstruct his prophecies in so many different ways, they've never been used to predict an event before it has occurred. And since Nostradamus' prophecies are so vague, it's difficult to pin any of them to a particular era, much less a specific year. For instance, while the quatrain many feel predicted the London fire of 1666 contains the number 66 ("twenty threes the six"), it doesn't specify a century or even that the number 66 is referring to a year at all. Instead, we're left combing through verses after a major event occurs, looking for anything that might apply. Clearly, this makes it difficult to determine whether Nostradamus made any specific predictions about the year 2012 in his famed prophecies. But does his most famous work contain anything that might hint at things to come in the year 2012? And might there be other works by Nostradamus that could give us immediate cause for concern? In the next section, we'll dig into his famous quatrains a little further while examining the evidence surrounding a work some call the lost book of Nostradamus.	2019-04-19T20:54:54	https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/natural-disasters/nostradamus-2012-predictions.htm/printable
0.998939	How do I connect my Flight Stream to my iPad or iPhone via Bluetooth? To connect to a Flight Stream 110, turn the unit on and Bluetooth pairing mode will be active right away. You can then open the iPad or iPhone's Settings app and go to the Bluetooth page and connect to the Flight Stream 110. To connect to a Flight Stream 210 connected to a GNS or GTN unit, you will need to open the GNS’s or GTN’s Bluetooth configuration page, which will cause the Flight Stream 210 to enter pairing mode. If the Flight Stream 210 is not connected to a GNS or GTN, it will automatically enter pairing mode one minute after it is turned on. Once in pairing mode, you can open the iPad or iPhone's Settings app and go to the Bluetooth page and connect to the Flight Stream 210. The Flight Stream 210 supports simultaneous Bluetooth connections to two devices. Image 1. Flight Stream connected via Bluetooth within the Apple Settings app. After pairing your iPad with the Flight Stream, open ForeFlight Mobile and tap on More > Devices. You should see a box for Garmin Connext indicating that the connection is established and listing the data being received through the Flight Stream. If the Garmin Connext box is not visible, forget the Bluetooth connection using the GNS or GTN device, then try pairing again. Image 2. Connected Garmin device within ForeFlight under MORE > DEVICES. Tapping this box will open the device’s status page, providing detailed information about the device and the data being received from it. In addition to the Flight Stream, the status page will also show any Garmin avionics that are connected to the Flight Stream. Image 3. Device status page.	2019-04-21T05:19:37	https://support.foreflight.com/hc/en-us/articles/206972587-How-do-I-connect-my-Flight-Stream-to-my-iPad-or-iPhone-via-Bluetooth-
0.999748	I was recently looking for a certain type of face, and William Bouguereau's (1825-1905) late work Priestess (1902) caught my attention. Bouguereau, I quickly discovered, has a less-than-enviable reputation: "As the quintessential salon painter of his generation, he was reviled by the Impressionist avant-garde"--and it's not just Wikipedia who is saying this. Scanning the internet for a quick, more general look at Bouguereau's artwork, I could see why Bouguereau's reputation has suffered since his glory days as one of the most popular painters in France. But still, I was interested--enough to call up what books might be available on him via Inter-library loan. Bouguereau is the artist of some surprisingly familiar paintings--when my books came, I was not surprised to read this line in one appreciation: "reproductions of Bouguereau's paintings are frequently the best-sellers in their respective museum shops, and the curators, responding like the nineteenth-century critics, despair over the public's taste." But what did surprise me was... the books I ordered up on Bouguereau.... I'm sorry, but they were not good books. I completely understand the cultural tick that causes people to sneer at those who choose to go to college to major in Art History. Yes, yes, I know. How is one to earn a living in that field? But--how truly frustrating, to be unable to discover any kind of decent analysis of an artist who has retained his popularity for more than a century. Don't get me wrong--I'm no rabid fan of the Victorian Alma-Tadema school. I like my Impressionist paintings. But there are some pictures by Bouguereau, or a series of pictures, that I find very interesting. Are these the same person? Members of the same family? What was the artist's relationship to this model? I'm not the first person to be interested by this question. And yet--the art books I received through Inter-Library loan--they did absolutely nothing to address this question. Page after page of (ghastly) multi-figured quasi historical paintings were reproduced--at the expense of reproducing his more popular "genre" small groupings pictures--and, worse than this, there was almost nothing by way of commentary on the people who appeared in the paintings. Bouguereau, one author complained, was not much of a letter-writer. He kept close at home, "his personal life was his own." Really? It seems to me... if, as a researcher, your only source for personal details is a man's (or perhaps his wife's) personal letters and perhaps his journal... you are not much of a researcher. You have plucked the low hanging fruit, and moved on. It's sheer laziness. Why not even a catalog, distinguishing the figures appearing in each painting? Perhaps this might be guesswork, but you could acknowledge your guesses, and the work wouldn't be in vain. You'd be laying the groundwork for the next researching generation, giving a place to start, allowing us a better understanding of these paintings. Who is this girl, aging before Bouguereau's eyes into a young woman? A servant? A paid model? What did she mean to the man, to the painter? What could an investigation of the man's interactions with his subjects reveal about the psychology behind these paintings? It seems to me the Art Historians who are filling out the written columns that accompany the plate reproductions--they really don't have much feeling for what they are looking at, or for, or even why people continue to like this man's paintings. Okay, Bouguereau's not a Millet, ennobling the dirt and the sweat and the work, in a peasant setting, and he's not an innovator when it comes to the surface and brushwork of a painting. But there's still something interesting here. Why not dig out that story?	2019-04-20T00:20:19	http://www.katyareimann.com/blogcontact/bad-art-history
0.999068	Perl string processing FAQ: How can I process every character in a Perl string? I recently had to write some Perl code to process every word in a file, and that made me wonder how to process every character in a Perl string. I didn't know how to do this, but I just cracked open my copy of the Perl Cookbook, and found a couple of possible solutions. The Perl hash is a cool programming construct, and was very unique when I was learning programming languages in the late 1980s. A Perl hash is basically an array, but the keys of the array are strings instead of numbers. Perl hash FAQ: Can you share some simple Perl hash examples? Sure. If you're not familiar with them, a Perl hash is simply a Perl array that is indexed by a string instead of a number. A Perl hash is like a Map in the Java programming language, or an array in PHP. To get started looking at a hash in Perl, let's look at a simple example. First, let's assume that Perl hashes don't exist. Next, lets assume that we need to store the prices of various food items you'll find in a restaurant. One of the really cool things about Perl is that it's super-easy to read a file into a Perl array. This is really handy any time you need to read a file for any reason. I really like the Perl push (and Perl pop) syntax. The push function makes adding elements to a Perl array very easy, and the pop function also makes a Perl array work a lot like a stack. Perl string array sorting FAQ: How can I sort a Perl string array in a case-insensitive manner? Perl array copying FAQ: Can you share some examples of how to copy a Perl array? With Perl we work with strings and arrays (or lists) of strings all the time. I thought I'd take a few moments here to show the most common ways to create a Perl string array, and also to loop through (or iterate through) the list of strings I create.	2019-04-24T03:03:16	https://alvinalexander.com/category/tags/perl-array
0.996731	Health care professionals who endeavour to work holistically face a number of questions about spirituality. What is meant by 'spirituality' as opposed to 'religion'? What is its specific relevance to health care practice? This accessible book provides answers to these questions and offers a model for personal and professional development. Gillian White sets out a framework within which health care professionals can discuss spirituality and equip themselves to respond appropriately to the spiritual concerns of their patient in daily practice. She draws on her experience of sharing and discussing spirituality and spiritual care with other health care professionals and proposes that multi-professional health care teams should talk about spirituality in challenging but safe environments to develop shared understanding of it, and to increase their confidence about integrating spiritual care into their daily practise. This text is a useful contribution to the multi-disciplinary, whole-person approach in health care and will be of interest to all health care professionals, nursing staff and students in these fields. Gillian White has been practising as a dietician since 1980 and is currently Acting Clinical Director of dietetics and nutrition at Nottingham City Hospital Trust. She also has a doctorate in philosophy. Gillian lives in a village in Derbyshire, UK. Preface. Acknowledgements. 1. Introduction: Finding a voice for the spirit. 2. Spirituality and the holistic approach. 3. Learning about spirituality in the multi-professional team. 4. Developing opportunities to talk about spirituality. 5. Understanding spirituality. 6. Spiritual care. 7. Outcomes and opportunities. 8. Conclusion: The journey continues. Appendix 1: A short course on spirituality. Appendix 2: Suggested outline for groups wishing to explore spirituality. References. Further Reading. Index. Gillian White's PhD thesis into how people learn about spirituality, offers many rich insights... a useful evidence-based contribution to the burgeoning field of spirituality and health literature. In many ways this book is best described as an "exploration". The author on her experience of working within health care to share and develop her experience and understanding of the importance of spirituality as an integral part of delivering effective health care...This is not a religious book, or a book written to explore specific differences in belief and spiritual practice. But for a multi-disciplinary team interested in reflecting on what spirituality means to them as individuals and in the context of their health care roles, it provides much to drawn upon. This is a well-written and useful book and I recommend it to all who have an interest in spirituality in health care... What comes through very clearly in eight relatively short chapters is a deep experiential knowledge of the strengths and weaknesses of British health care, and a real commitment to the well-being, defined in its broadest sense, of patients, clients and service users... Gillian White makes a valuable contribution to the literature on spirituality in health care practice, and complements the growing catalogue of Jessica Kingsley Publishers' related titles. To ask questions about spirituality is to delve into the heart of what it means to be human. What marks this book out from many others is the way it charts, and comments upon, the journey taken by a multi-professional health care team which took the risk of exploring this rich theme in a structured, disciplined way. Spirituality is not an easy concept to define or to explore, but this book makes a strong case for taking the risk. White offers suggestions for other professionals who wish to make a similar journey. It promises to be equally rewarding.	2019-04-22T22:42:53	https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/talking-about-spirituality-health-gillian-white/1009303035
0.998611	1. Heat oven to 180C/Fan 160C/Gas 4. Sift the flour and salt into a bowl. Cut the butter into small pieces and rub in until the mixture looks like fine breadcrumbs. 2. Mix in the lemon zest, sugar, egg yolk and a little milk to form a dough. Knead lightly. 3. Into a shallow 900ml dish, add the apples and blackberries. Sprinkle over some caster sugar to your preferred sweetness. 4. On a lightly floured surface, roll out the pastry until it is large enough to cover the pie. Place the pastry over the filled pie dish, then seal the edges. You can flute the edges if desired. 5. Glaze the top of the pie with a little milk, and bake for 40-45 minutes or until golden.	2019-04-24T21:54:22	http://simpler-living.stovax.com/recipe/blackberry-apple-pie/
0.998031	Beyonce"s baby: "Security stops father in same hospital from seeing his premature twins" The father of premature twins born at the same hospital as Beyonc and Jay-Z's baby girl says her security kept him from seeing the newborns. The 30-year-old singer's daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, arrived via scheduled Caesarean section at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City on Saturday night. Coulon told the New York Daily News that security also cleared a waiting room of his relatives – some who drove four and a half hours to the Manhattan hospital to see his newborn twin girls – and described the star as treating the hospital like 'an exclusive nightclub'. because they wanted to use the hallway,' he said. over the hospital like you own it All I want is an apology. It has been reported that the couple spent $1.3 million (842,000) to seal off and redecorate a wing, complete with bulletproof glass and ultra-tight security measures. Mr Coulson, from the Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn (where Jay-Z hails from) said he was appalled at the double standard. 'I know they spent $1.3million and I'm just a contractor from Bed-Stuy but the treatment we received was not okay. is sore. Nobody needs this. A source at the hospital told the paper: 'Some people were upset. I heard a gentleman say he couldn’t go upstairs to see his baby'. But hospital spokeswoman Anne Silverman said she had not personally heard of the complaints. Meanwhile, a Boston-area event planning company has been flooded with calls because its name is also Blue Ivy, reported TMZ. Before this weekend, her site came up first when someone Googled the name. baby should be the new face of her company. Jay-Z, real name Shawn Carter, was by Beyonce's side during the birth, according to E! Online. A source told Beyonc's hometown newspaper Houston Chronicle that 'mother and baby are doing fine'. The baby's middle name Ivy may be in reference to Beyonc and Jay-Z's love of the number 4. They married on April 4, 2008, Beyonc's latest album is called 4 and the couple have matching tattoos of the roman numeral for 4 – IV – on their wedding fingers. Beyonc and Jay-Z were also born on September 4 and December 4 respectively. couple confirmed the newborn was actually called Blue Ivy. congratulations to the couple, including hip-hop mogul Russell Simmons and Rihanna. Jay-Z was also seen walking through the hospital halls looking 'happy' an observer said. been tightened at the hospital. A rather simple name – Blue as a name for a child has no hidden meanings – it simply means the colour Blue. Although many find Blue unusual as a name, it's actually been quite popular in celebrity circles for a while. U2 guitarist The Edge has a 22-year-old daughter Blue Angel with ex-wife Aislinn. Alicia Silverstone's seven-month-old son is called Bear Blu (pictured above). Actress Maria Bello has a 10-year-old old son Jackson Blue. John Travolta and Kelly Preston have a 11-year-old daughter Ella Bleu. packing tape, according to the news site. At one point, a doctor was heard complaining the heavy security meant he couldn't check up on his patients properly. TMZ reports that security for Beyonce's stay at the hospital involved an elaborate plan to ensure safety of mother and child. Hospital execs and a large security force worked together and a meeting was held leading up to the delivery to discuss the best course of action. The meeting was apparently held on Friday afternoon to prepare for the singer's late night delivery on Saturday night. So far the plan has worked with no pictures of Beyonce, Jay-Z or their relatives released of them leaving or entering the building. The hospital is only a few miles from the Beyonce and Jay-Z's TriBeCa, Manhattan apartment, where they spend most of their time while not on tour. The couple, who have been married since 2008, also recently bought a mansion in Miami Beach, Florida. Last Thursday, Beyonc emerged in public for the first time since being last spotted on December 21. She was seen stroking her tummy as she left a New York office building escorted by a bodyguard and her mother Tina. Beyonc announced her pregnancy at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards back in August, when she arrived on the red carpet cradling her tiny bump. unbuttoning her sequinned jacket and rubbing her tummy. months pregnant at the time. Can it ever be right for a mother to leave her unwanted child inside a hospital baby hatch?	2019-04-18T20:26:56	http://tiskin.com/beyonces-baby-security-stops-father-in-same-hospital-from-seeing-his-premature-twins/
0.999318	The prince wants to marry a princess, but finding one is not a simple task. There is no shortage of so-called princesses - but how can he tell whether or not they are what they claim to be? Then one night, a great storm rages, there's a knock on the palace gate, and the princes's life is never the same.	2019-04-19T21:19:47	https://noordinarybookshop.co.uk/the-princess-and-the-pea
0.999939	Breedin range Year-roond range Winterin rangeSee an aa text for recent range expansion. The Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata) is a passerine bird in the faimily Corvidae, native tae North Americae. It is resident throu maist o eastren an central Unitit States an soothren Canadae, altho wastren populations mey be migratory. It breeds in baith deciduous an coniferous forests, an is common near an in residential auries. It is predominately blue wi a white chest an unnerparts, an a blue crest. It haes a black, U-shaped collar aroond its neck an a black mairch behind the crest. Sexes are seemilar in size an plumage, an plumage daes nae vary throughoot the year. Fower subspecies o the Blue Jay are recognised. The Blue Jay mainly feeds on nits an seeds sic as acorns, saft fruits, arthropods, an occasionally smaa vertebrates. It teepically gleans fuid frae trees, shrubs, an the grund, tho it whiles hawks insects frae the air. It bigs an open cup nest in the branches o a tree, which baith sexes pairteecipate in constructin. The clutch can contain twa tae seiven eggs, which are blueish or licht broun wi broun spots. Young are altricial, an are broodit bi the female for 8–12 days efter hatchin. Thay mey remain wi thair parents for ane tae twa months. The bird's name derives frae its noisy, garrulous naitur. It is whiles cried a "jaybird". The Blue Jay measurs 22–30 cm (9–12 in) frae bill tae tail an wechts 70–100 g (2.5–3.5 oz), wi a wingspan o 34–43 cm (13–17 in). Jays frae Connecticut averaged 92.4 g (3.26 oz) in mass, while jays frae soothren Floridae averaged 73.7 g (2.60 oz). Thare is a pronoonced crest on the heid, a croun o feathers, which mey be raised or lawered accordin tae the bird's muid. When excitit or aggressive, the crest mey be fully raised. When frichtened, the crest bristles ootwards, brushlik. When the bird is feedin amang ither jays or restin, the crest is flattened tae the heid. Its plumage is lavender-blue tae mid-blue in the crest, back, wings, an tail, an its face is white. The unnerside is off-white an the neck is collared wi black which extends tae the sides o the heid. The wing primaries an tail are strangly barred wi black, sky-blue an white. The bill, legs, an een are aw black. Males an females are nearly identical, but the male is a little lairger. As wi maist ither blue-hued birds, the Blue Jay's colouration is nae derived frae pigments but is the result of licht interference due tae the internal structur o the feathers; if a blue feather is crushed, the blue disappears as the structur is destroyed. This is referred tae as structural coloration. The Blue Jay occurs frae soothren Canadae throu the eastren an central USA sooth tae Florida an northeastren Texas. The wastren edge o the range stops whaur the arid pine forest an scrub habitat o the closely relatit Steller's jay (C. stelleri) begins. Recently, the range o the Blue Jay haes extendit northwastwards sae that it is nou a rare but regularly seen winter veesitor alang the northren US an soothren Canadian Pacific Coast. As the twa species' ranges nou owerlap, C. cristata mey whiles hybridize wi Steller's jay. The northrenmaist subspecies C. c. bromia is migratory, subject tae necessity. It mey withdraw several hundrit kilometers sooth in the northrenmaist pairts o its range. Thoosands o Blue Jays hae been observed tae migrate in flocks alang the Great Lochs an Atlantic coasts. It migrates during the daytime, in loose flocks o 5 tae 250 birds. Much aboot thair migratory behavior remains a mystery. Some are present throughoot winter in aw pairts o thair range. Young jays mey be mair likely tae migrate nor adults, but mony adults an aa migrate. Some individual jays migrate sooth ane year, stay north the next winter, an then migrate sooth again the next year. Tae date, no ane haes concretely wirked oot why thay migrate whan thay dae. Likely, it is relatit tae wather condeetions an hou abundant the winter fuid soorces are, which can determine whether ither northren birds will muive sooth. The Blue Jay occupies a variety o habitats within its lairge range, frae the pine wids o Florida tae the spruce-fir forests o northren Ontario. It is less abundant in denser forests, preferrin mixed widlands wi aiks an beeches. It haes expertly adaptit tae human activity, occurrin in pairks an residential auries, an can adapt tae wholesale deforestation wi relative ease if human activity creates ither means for the jays tae get bi. Fower subspecies are generally acceptit, tho the variation within this species is rather subtle an essentially clinal. No firm boundaries can be drawn atween the inland subspecies. The ranges o the coastal races are better deleemitit. Canadae an northren USA. The lairgest subspecies, wi fairly dull plumage. Blue is rather pale. Coastal USA frae North Carolina tae Texas, except soothren Florida. Mid-sized an vivid blue. Inland USA, intergradin wi C. c. bromia tae the north. Mid-sized, quite dark blue on mantle contrastin cleanly wi very white unnerside. Soothren Florida. The smawest subspecies, much lik C. c. bromia in colour. The Blue Jay is a noisy, bold an aggressive passerine. It is a moderately slow flier (roughly 32–40 km/h (20–25 mph)) whan unprovoked. It flies wi body an tail held level, wit slow wing beats. Due tae its slow flyin speeds, this species maks easy prey for hawks an houlets whan flyin in open auries. Virtually aw the raptorial birds sympatric in distribution wi the Blue Jay mey predate it, especially swift bird-huntin specialists sic as the Accipiter hawks. Diverse predators mey predate jay eggs an young up tae thair fledging stage, includin tree squirrels, snakes, cats, crows, raccoons, opossums, ither jays an possibly mony o the same birds o prey who attack adults. The Blue Jay can be beneficial tae ither bird species, as it mey chase predatory birds, sic as hawks an houlets, an will scream if it sees a predator within its territory. It haes an aa been kent tae soond an alarm cry whan hawks or ither dangers are near, an smawer birds eften recognise this cry an hide themselves away accordinly. It mey occasionally impersonate the crys o raptors, especially those o the Reid-tailed an Reid-shouldered Hawks, possibly tae test if a hawk is in the vicinity, tho an aa possibly tae scare off ither birds that mey compete for fuid soorces. It mey an aa be aggressive towards humans who come close tae its nest, an if an houlet roosts near the nest durin the daytime the Blue Jay mobs it till it taks a new roost. Houiver, Blue Jays hae an aa been kent tae attack or kill ither smawer birds an sleepin, foliage-roostin bat species sic as Lasiurus borealis. Jays are very territorial birds, an thay will chase ithers frae a feeder for an easier meal. Addeetionally, the Blue Jay mey raid ither birds' nests, stealin eggs, chicks, an nests. Houiver, this mey nae be as common as is teepically thocht, as anly 1% o fuid matter in ane study wis compromised bi birds. Despite this, ither passerines mey still mob jays who come within thair breedin territories. Whole peanuts an ither shelled fuid items are carried off in the beak tae be dealt wi at leisure. Blue Jays hae strange black bills which thay uise for cracking nuts an acorns, uisually while holding them wi thair feet, an for eatin corn, grains an seeds. Its fuid is soucht baith on the grund an in trees an includes virtually aw kent types o plant an ainimal soorces, sic as acorns an beech mast, weed seeds, grain, fruits an ither berries, peanuts, breid, meat, smaa invertebrates o mony types, scraps in toun pairks, bird-table fuid an rarely eggs an nestlins. Blue Jays will whiles cache fuid, tho tae whit extent differs widely amang individuals. Altho seemingly contentious in thair general behavior, Blue jays are frequently subservient tae ither medium-sized birds who veesit bird-feeders. In Florida, Blue jays wur dominatit at feeders bi Eastren gray squirrels, Florida Scrub-Jays, Common Grackles an Reid-heidit Widpeckers, aw o which wur occasionally observed tae aggressively prevent the jays frae feedin. Nest in the tap o a little pine. The matein saison begins in mid-Mairch, peaks in mid-Aprile tae Mey, an extends intae Julie. Ony suitable tree or lairge bush mey be uised for nestin, tho an evergreen is preferred. The nest is preferentially biggit at a hicht in the trees o 3 tae 10 m (9.8 tae 32.8 ft). It is cup-shaped an componed o twigs, smaa ruits, bark strips, moss, ither plant material, cloth, paper, an feathers, wi occasional mud addit tae the cup. Blue Jays are nae very picky aboot nestin locations. If no better place is available – e.g. in a hivily deforestit aurie – thay will even uise places lik the lairge mailboxes teepical o the rural Unitit States. Thay an aa appropriate nests o ither mid-sized sangbirds as lang as thir are placed in suitable spots; American robin nests are commonly uised bi Blue Jays, for ensaumple. Blue Jays teepically form monogamous pair bonds for life. Baith sexes big the nest an rear the young, tho anly the female bruids them. The male feeds the female while she is bruidin the eggs. Thare are uisually atween 3 an 6 (averagin 4 or 5) eggs laid an incubatit ower 16–18 days. The young fledge uisually atween 17–21 days efter hatchin. Efter the juveniles fledge, the faimily travels an forages thegither till early faw, whan the young birds disperse tae avoid competeetion for fuid during the winter. Sexual maturity is reached efter ane year o age. Blue jays hae been recordit tae live for mair nor 26 years in captivity an ane wild jay wis foond tae hae been aroond 17 an a hauf years auld. A mair common lifespan for wild birds that survive tae adulthuid is aroond 7 years.[citation needit] Beyond predation an the occasional collision wi man-made objects, a common cause o mortality in recent decades haes been the Wast Nile Virus, which corvids as a whole seem especially subceptible tae. Houiver, despite several major local declines, oweraw Blue Jays hae nae seemed tae hae been depletit bi the disease. Blue Jays can mak a lairge variety o soonds, an individuals mey vary perceptibly in thair cryin style. Lik ither corvids, thay mey learn tae mimic human speech. Blue Jays can an aa copy the cries o local hawks sae well that it is whiles difficult tae tell which it is. Thair vyce is teepical o maist jays in bein varied, but the maist commonly recognised soond is the alarm cry, which is a loud, almaist gull-lik scream. Thare is an aa a heich-pitched jayer-jayer cry that increases in speed as the bird acomes mair agitatit. This parteecular cry can be easily confused wi the chickadee's sang acause o the slow stairtin chick-ah-dee-ee. Blue Jays will uise thir crys tae baund thegither tae mob potential predators sic as hawks an drive them away frae the jays' nests. Blue Jays an aa hae quiet, almist subliminal calls which thay uise amang themselves in proximity. Ane o the maist distinctive crys o this teep is eften referred tae as the "rusty pump" owin tae its squeaky resemblance tae the soond o an auld haund-operatit watter pump. The Blue Jay (an ither corvids) are distinct frae maist ither sangbirds for uisin thair cry as a sang. In auld African-American folklore o the soothren Unitit States the blue jay wis held tae be a servant o the Devil, an "wis nae encoontered on a Friday as he wis fetchin sticks doun tae Hell; furthermair, he wis so happy an chirpy on a Setturday as he wis relieved tae return frae Hell". The blue jay wis adoptit as the team seembol o the Toronto Blue Jays Major League Baseball team, as well as some o thair minor-league affiliates. Thair mascot is Ace, an aa a blue jay. The blue jay is the offeecial bird o the province o Prince Edward Island in Canadae. Mordecai, an anthropomorphic blue jay, is ane o the main chairacters o the cartuin series Regular Show. The Blue Jay is featurt in Mark Twain's "A Tramp Abroad", Chapter 3 "Baker,s Blue-Jay Yarn". ↑ Coues, Elliot (1890). Key to North American birds (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Estes and Lauriat. p. 326. OCLC 469020022. ↑ "jaybird – definition of jaybird by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia". Retrieved April 20, 2011. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Cornell Lab of Ornithology (1999): Bird Guide – Blue Jay. Retrieved 2007-MAY-29. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Frysinger, J. (2001): Animal Diversity Web: Cyanocitta cristata. Retrieved 2007-JUN-18. ↑ Jewell, S. D. 1986. Weights and wing lengths in Connecticut Blue Jays. Connecticut Warbler, 6: 47-49. ↑ Fisk, E. J. 1979. Fall and winter birds near Homestead, Florida. Bird-Banding 50:224-303. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Nero, Robert W. (1991): Bird Fact Sheet – Blue Jay. Retrieved 2007-MAY-29. ↑ Carpenter, Anita (February 2003). "What Color is a Bluejay?". Wisconsin Natural Resources Magazine. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Henninger, W.F. (1906). "A preliminary list of the birds of Seneca County, Ohio" (PDF). Wilson Bulletin. 18 (2): 47–60. ↑ Texas Parks & Wildlife. Retrieved July 1, 2008. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Oiseaux.net (2008): Blue Jay. Version of 2008-FEB-13. Retrieved 2008-FEB-14. ↑ "Longevity Records Of North American Birds". U. S. Geological Survey: Bird Banding Laboratory. Retrieved 24 December 2012. ↑ Ingersoll, Ernest (1923). Birds in legend, fable and folklore. New York: Longmans, Green and co. pp. 166–167. Retrieved 2009-08-08. Tarvin, K.A. & Woolfenden, G.E. (1999): Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata). In: Poole, A. & Gill, F. (eds.): The Birds of North America 469. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA & American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. Wikimedia Commons haes media relatit tae Cyanocitta cristata.	2019-04-22T16:28:09	https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_jay
0.995534	The linear and reversible dependence of the resistance of MTJs with properly oriented magnetic fields will be exploited to design, fabricate and characterize MTJ based sensors. Several architectures are useful to monitor most of IoT embedded systems applications. The main task is to realize the integration of MSS MTJs on top of CMOS PLLs and to demonstrate phase noise reduction of the fully integrated PLL as compared to the standalone MSS. Another application will be frequency detection using the MSS stack. Several detection schemes will be tested off chip and their performances evaluated with respect to sensitivity (output to input power), frequency resolution, signal stability and signal to noise ratio. Bistability and non-volatility of MSS will be exploited to develop a family of tunable functions. This task will explore compensation and tuning architectures in the form of digital potentiometers or digitally-programmable current sources, controlled by MSS-based registers, to obtain an electrical non-volatile tuning that could be modified in-field to take into account ageing of the circuit. After feasibility evaluation, a set of demonstrators will be fabricated and characterized.	2019-04-21T14:15:20	http://www.great-research.eu/Work-Packages/WP3-Communication-sensing-and-tuning
0.996999	Earlier this year, the ACLI sued the District over its planned funding source for the state-run health insurance exchange, a 1-percent tax on all health-related insurers. That tax applied to supplemental insurance products, such as long-term care and disability. The ACLI contended the tax shouldn't be allowed on those products because companies who weren't able to directly benefit by selling products on the exchange were being forced to pay for it. On Thursday, U.S. District Judge Beryl Howell dismissed the case brought against the District, allowing D.C.'s health insurance exchange to continue to be funded by 1-percent tax from health-related insurers. The exchange has a $29 million budget. The vast majority of people who enrolled in Obamacare on the federal health exchange will be both automatically re-enrolled in the health plans they selected in 2014 and automatically receive the subsidies to help pay for that insurance that they got this year, officials revealed Thursday. A senior federal official told CNBC that an estimated 95 percent of HealthCare.gov enrollees—some 5.1 million people—will be signed up for the 2015 plan year and receive the same tax credits without having to do anything. Remember those "other" new Obamacare exchanges—the ones that small businesses were supposed to use to sign up workers for health insurance? Taken in the aggregate, Obamacare premiums for the 34 states using Healthcre.gov are almost completely level in 2015 compared to 2014, according to a new analysis from Avalere Health. That comes with a lot of caveats. Premium changes vary widely from state to state, and individual consumers who are re-enrolling might need to shop around to avoid substantial spikes in what they pay next year. On average, premiums for the cheapest bronze-level plan, which covers 70 percent of medical costs, available to a 50-year-old non-smoker increased by 3 percent, according to Avalere. For the cheapest silver-level plan, which covers 70 percent of costs, premiums increased by 4 percent. Depending on the state, though, the change in premiums ranges from a 28-percent increase in Alaska to a 19-percent decrease in Mississippi. For context, as CNBC reported in July, the average premium increase in the individual market from 2008 to 2010, prior to the law, was more than 10 percent. Small businesses throughout Washington — those with 50 or fewer employees — can now shop for and enroll in health insurance plans through the state’s insurance exchange. The exchange got off to a slow start for businesses this year when only one insurance provider, Kaiser Health Plan of the Northwest, agreed to sell plans in the marketplace and only in Clark and Cowlitz counties. For coverage beginning January 2015, small employers statewide can shop the exchange for coverage from Moda Health, and Kaiser will continue selling in the two southern counties. A total of 23 different plans are available from the two insurance companies. ...Twelve employers in Clark or Cowlitz counties currently are enrolled in coverage through Healthplanfinder Business, a marketplace created under the Affordable Care Act. ...For employers shopping the state’s exchange, the ACA includes a tax benefit covering up to half the cost of the insurance premiums. It applies to employers that paid at least half the cost of their workers’ premiums, and employed fewer than 25 people making on average $50,000 a year. Because Washington’s exchange only included two counties, the tax benefits for 2014 were extended to small businesses outside of the exchange as well.	2019-04-19T09:49:25	https://acasignups.net/14/11/17/purging-box-various-sundry
0.999168	Florida State Athletic Director Dave Hart said Wednesday that his department began investigating former Seminoles quarterback Adrian McPherson "immediately" after an allegation that McPherson had a gambling problem first surfaced late last May or early last June. That's a different timeline than the one described in a 500-plus-page report that was issued last week by a task force comprised of three law-enforcement agencies. Hart spoke Wednesday to members of the university's athletic board. He said Andy Urbanic, FSU's director of football operations, was told in a conversation with the father of Jeff Inderhees, one of the football team's student managers, that McPherson often gambled. At the time, Urbanic was investigating claims that McPherson illegally used other people's credit cards, including that of Inderhees' girlfriend. Hart said Urbanic "that same day" reported the gambling allegation to Bob Minnix, the school's associate director of athletics for compliance and legal affairs. "Bob then immediately began a follow-up," Hart said, "interviewing the student-athlete who was the subject of the rumor and the student-athlete's closest friend and a manager -- all of whom emphatically denied any involvement in gambling." Wednesday afternoon, Minnix corroborated Hart's version of events, saying he attempted to speak to Inderhees, McPherson and McPherson's friend, FSU wide receiver Dominic Robinson, after he spoke with Urbanic. "We started looking for them right away," Minnix said. Minnix offered a different timeline Dec. 2, when he was interviewed under oath by investigators from the FSU Police Department, the Tallahassee Police Department and the Florida Department of Law Enforcement. That interview was transcribed and is included in the report that was released last week. In that interview, Sgt. William Wooten of the FSU Police Department asked Minnix when he first heard rumors that McPherson was involved in gambling. "We heard rumors probably right at the start of two-a-day practices, which is two-a-day football practices, which would have been late July, early August," Minnix answered. When asked about his previous answer to law-enforcement investigators, Minnix said he misspoke. "The question was asked, and the answer should have been 'sometime in the summer before two-a-days,'" Minnix said. "The question was not an ambiguous question. I meant to answer the question 'prior to two-a-days,' which is in fact when it was. "I guess if that was me misspeaking, perhaps I was." Minnix didn't take notes during those interviews with Inderhees, McPherson and Robinson; therefore, no record exists that would show exactly when Minnix held those individual meetings. Minnix has acknowledged he didn't keep notes in order to prevent any record of his interviews from becoming public. His rationale: If he kept notes, they would be subject to the state's "Sunshine law," which provides public access to documents produced by state employees. "Right or wrong," Hart said, "that has been a practice for the simple reason that if we take notes every time we question someone on a rumor and those notes then become public in nature, then we could potentially be subjecting student-athletes to information that is in the form of a rumor becoming very public in its scrutiny." Minnix said the first person he interviewed was Inderhees because Inderhees was on campus and that he also interviewed McPherson "prior to two-a-days," which began in early August. The report shows that McPherson strongly denied the gambling accusation and that neither Inderhees nor Robinson provided Minnix with specific details about McPherson's gambling. In a statement to investigators included in the report, Robinson said he was first interviewed by Minnix "somewhere between July and August 1." Hart has said he doesn't expect the NCAA to investigate FSU's handling of the situation. "The NCAA was notified immediately of the rumor, and it was also notified of who was interviewed and the substance of those rumors," he said. "In addition, the student-athlete was told that this case would not be closed, and that if we had any reason to believe that we should look further and intensify that, that we would." Minnix spent 20 years at the NCAA, eventually becoming a director of enforcement, before being hired at FSU in 1995. Early last month McPherson, 19, was charged with a misdemeanor count of gambling. Inderhees and another person, Derek Delach, each were charged with one felony count of bookmaking.	2019-04-21T02:22:15	https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-2003-04-10-0304100124-story.html
0.99965	New this year, UConn's Pre-College Summer Data Science course provides high school students the opportunity to dive into the ever-expanding world of data science at a nationally ranked public university campus. That’s a hard question to answer, especially for high school students. UConn’s Pre-College Summer can help students figure out what path is right for them. Offered during Session 1, our Data Science course combines several disciplines, including statistics, data analysis, machine learning, and computer science. With the evolution of technology in the 21st century and the rapid increase of demand for these skills, the field of Data Science is growing at an extraordinary rate. Imagine that you are the Chief Data Scientist of an online movie store. Your task is to recommend movies for your customers to watch based on collected rating data from other users. This task is similar to what Amazon data scientists do behind the scenes at IMDb, the world's most popular and authoritative source for all things cinema. IMDb, an Amazon company, uses components of data science and uses data rating to recommend movies to users. So, what are you going to do to drive revenue for an online movie enterprise? The Data Science session will offer an introduction to some techniques for recommendation systems used in the field of Data Science. Students will learn how to program using Python, review basic linear algebra and probability, build models and websites that give recommendations based on given rating inputs, and learn how to utilize selected recommendation system techniques such as user-based and item-based collaborative filtering and matrix factorization. After completing the course, students will be able to understand and utilize the same algorithms that have been applied for recommending various products in business world, as well. - Friday: Students complete their projects and showcase work. Course Prerequisites: Some exposure to linear algebra (basic knowledge about vectors, matrices, and operations) and Python programming will be helpful in taking this course, but is not necessary. Costs and fees are determined by the number of sessions a student enrolls in (one, two, three, or four sessions). Enrolling in a weekly session, includes the selected academic course* taught by UConn faculty or experts in their industry, exploratory workshops, social programming activities, as well as administrative costs, all meals, and housing in an air-conditioned residence hall. Laundry machines located inside of the residence halls are available to participants at no cost. Participants must arrange their own travel to and from the Program, at their own expense. *Additional Course Fees: Additional fees to select academic courses may apply. These fees help to cover the added cost of supply kits, studio fees, travel, entrance fees, etc. For specific course fee information, visit the course's information page. If applicable, this course fee will be applied at time of course enrollment. Application: A non-refundable application processing fee of $40.00 must be paid in order to have your application reviewed. The application fee can be paid at the last step of the application process, and is separate from enrollment costs. Enrollment: A $300.00 non-refundable deposit per session that will be collected at the time of enrollment is required to enroll in Pre-College Summer courses. This deposit will be credited to your program fee’s account balance. Take Advantage of our Spring Special and get $100 off of your enrollments costs! Spring Special!: Submit your application by Sunday, April 21st for $100 off of your course enrollment costs. Multiple Sessions: Receive a discount for enrolling in more than one session, as indicated in the pricing table above. Sibling Discount: If two or more siblings enroll in the Program during the same summer, the subsequent sibling(s) will receive a $100.00 discount off of their total Program fee. Want More Information about UConn Pre-College Summer: Data Science? Your request will be sent directly to UConn Pre-College Summer. By submitting this form I confirm that I am at least 13 years of age and give my consent to be contacted by UConn Pre-College Summer by email as well as by phone and/or mail (if provided).	2019-04-21T15:13:21	https://www.teenlife.com/summer-program/uconn-pre-college-summer-stem-courses/
0.994768	As its popularity increases, more and more male members of the population are experiencing side-effects from the new wonder drug Viagra. The New England Journal of Medicine reports mounting evidence of heart rhythm disturbances in men susceptible to fibrillation or who have experienced an earlier heart attack. 1. NEJM, September 3, 1998. 2. Associated Press, August 31, 1998. Researchers from Duke University report that UV-A radiation, a component of sunlight not blocked by many sunscreens, is responsible for the wrinkling, leathering and sagging of skin associated with long-term exposure to sunlight. UV-A is absorbed by urocanic acid (a molecule made by skin cells) which subsequently is broken into free radicals that degrade collagen and elastin.3 Some researchers suggest that these free radicals also may play a role in skin cancer, which may help explain the paradoxical findings of studies that show higher cancer rates among sunscreen users. These persons may be inclined to stay in the sun for relatively long periods of time thinking that UV-B blockers keep them protected. 3. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, September 1998. Americans will be using about six percent more drugs in 1998 than the year before, according to estimates by the National Association of Chain Drug Stores. This figure is for prescription drugs based on sales during the first six months of this year. Increasingly popular new drugs that contribute to this trend range from Viagra to toenail fungus remedies. Analysts credit a number of factors, not the least of which is advertising, for this increase. Another factor is the availability of an array of new drugs going through an accelerated FDA approval. One 34-year-old Manhattan resident went from taking only insulin for her diabetes in 1995 to her now 52 daily doses of 19 different drugs, many of which were not on the market last year. An average of 11 prescriptions will be picked up each year for every man, woman and child in America.4 I wonder who's been picking up mine for the past 25 years? 4. Associated Press, August 30, 1998. 5. United Press, August 31, 1998. 6. Associated Press, August 28, 1998. Since fen-phen was removed from the market not too long ago, many persons have recommended a combination of phentermine and Prozac. Phentermine and Prozac inhibit serotonin uptake in different ways, but the effect is similar to the combination of phentermine and fenfluramine, say researchers from MIT and the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Science.7 An excess blood level of serotonin is thought to be responsible for the lung and heart valve effects of the fen-phen combination. Some suspect that Prozac and phentermine will eventually produce effects similar to fen-phen. 7. Presented to a meeting of the International Congress of Obesity in Paris, France, August 26, 1998, by Dr. Richard Wurtman (MIT), et al. The fatty acids involved are known to be important in the formation of nerve cell membranes. Breast milk contains these compounds naturally, as do many European formulas. 8. British Medical Journal, August 29, 1998. 9. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, August 26, 1998. 10. JAMA, August 19, 1998. 11. Associated Press, August 14, 1998. In a study of rats bred to have a thirst for alcohol, researchers at the University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill)12 have found that the popular St. John's Wort appears to cut alcoholic cravings. Rats were given free access to both water and an alcoholic beverage, but among those given the herbal remedy alcohol consumption decreased nearly 50 percent. Researchers speculate that the herb acts by increasing serotonin levels. 12. Led by Amir Rezvani, who reported the findings at the annual meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism in Chapel Hill, June 23, 1998.	2019-04-26T16:59:52	https://www.dynamicchiropractic.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=37498
0.999999	Does a vortex vessel affect water in these specific ways? I just saw a Kickstarter campaign for a "vortex vessel" that supposedly improves tap water for drinking. "[Tap water is] stuck in closed pipes where no beneficiary chemical reactions can occur" "Toxins from the pipes dissolve into the water, and bacteria colonies flourish in the cracks" "Chlorine was added to the water [...] not great for us" "brings water back into [its] natural form" "aerates and balances the water with atmospheric oxygen" "starts a line of chemical reactions - evaporating chlorine, volatile organics, and other toxins" "precipitating metals like manganese and iron so they don't react in your body" "stripping away the metallic taste and unpleasant odor" "balancing the water's pH level" Can simple water movement really provide all these benefits? It seems like a ridiculous set of claims. First of all a clarification. These products do create a vortex. But the vortex alludes to something else, possibly water woo as another answer calls it. See at the bottom for why "vortex" means something else. Such a vortex will affect the water. But the claims for the product are bit on the wide ranging side. The whole product is called "Keep Your Water Healthy with a Natural Swirling Motion". If this is indeed meant to say that there is "healthy water" and "unhealthy water" for drinking, then this becomes difficult to analyse without recurring to commonly accepted standards of safety. That is: either a water is safe to drink or not. Certain ingredients to supposedly pure water are more desirable than others. Claiming health benefits of that kind for any water is actually forbidden in Europe (a few are allowed). The magnetism, or the glass, will not affect the water. The vortex does that and it does it by thoroughly mixing the water and all its "ingredients" together with surrounding air. That usually means most of the gases in solution will be driven out as long as the jug remains open. Therefore chlorine will dissipate, carbonic acid will, methane and other light substances, like radon. The amount of oxygen in water will increase slightly, but oxygen does not dissolve well in water. Also of note may be the aeration for water treatment is usually not done with a "vortex", but with aerated lagoons, a carburetor and very efficiently in most households with a faucet aerator. Using small bubbles is way more efficient than just stirring it, or "making a vortex" if you prefer that language. Many water treatment processes use a variety of forms of aeration to support biological oxidative processes. A typical example is Activated sludge which can use fine or coarse bubble aeration or mechanical aeration cones which draw up mixed liquor from the base of a treatment tank and eject it through the air where oxygen is entrained in the liquor. Sulfur compounds dissolved in water are not necessarily dangerous, but can give the water a bad taste or foul smell. These compounds can be removed in several ways, the most effective being by exposure to chlorine gas. However, aeration can also be effective if the amount of sulfur in the water is relatively low. During aeration, water is pumped into a non-pressurized tank and agitated. This physically removes many of the sulfur compounds, which are then vented. Exposure to oxygen in the air also oxidizes some of the compounds, creating atomic sulfur which can be filtered from the water. Aeration is also an effective means of removing radon from water. Small tanks and ponds for keeping aquatic animals such as fish or lobsters often rely on aeration to maintain sufficient level of oxygenation in the water. This can be achieved by pumping air into the water, allowing it to bubble to the surface; or by a fountain jet agitating the water. Both these methods create an agitated, large amount of surface area between the water and the air, thus allowing transfer of gases. Wave action on the shores of large bodies of water can provide aeration of the water in the vicinity, thus providing enhanced oxygenation which can benefit various aquatic lifeforms. While you can remove iron with oxidation from Fe2+ to Fe3+, this will precipitate as brownish coloured sludge and needs to be filtered out. "Removing iron" with this device will result in either no effect at all, as a user will drink the sludge, or in discolouring precipitation on the glass. To remove it, a user will need an additional filter or distill the water. Aeration is nice, but not that far reaching and effective as claimed for the product. The most effective use of aeration is done already in conventional water treatment facilities, your home water faucets. Getting additional benefits requires the use or other techniques or additional treatments, as outlined in Antonio Gil & Luis Alejandro Galeano & Miguel Ángel Vicente: "Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in Drinking Water Treatment", Springer, Cham, 2018. March 2015 – Ze'ev and Shay find some documents detailing the powerful effects of natural swirling motion in water, originally discovered by Victor Schauberger, a 19th century Austrian scientist. Now, Schauberger was primarily a forester and his claims on the effects of vortices on water were apparently the inspiration for this device to be sold? Then the manufacturers do quite a goof job of at least associating actual science to these decidedly pseudoscience origins of recreating 'living water'. This is just an appeal to the esotericist scene, focusing on bogus water treatments. MAYU WaterCreator: Thanks Simone! Great info. We were originally inspired by Schauberger's "Comprehend and Copy Nature" "Chlorine was added to the water […] not great for us" Tap water is moving through the pipes to your home. Toxins can be released from the pipes, but that is mostly lead in old pipes. A heavy metal compound the aerator cannot influence. As the aerator mainly acts on volatile compounds these "toxins" would have to be volatile compounds found in the pipes. The company alludes to bacteria but fails to address the consequences of this or how that relates to their product. The WHO report below cited by the company runs counter to this bacterial allusion. Chlorine is added to water supplies because it is much greater for us than drinking water that is microbially contaminated. Not the least because of chlorine, the bacteria from claim2 do not flourish in the pipes. Water's "natural form" is: a fluid aggregate at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure equivalent at sea level. Obviously the device does little to change that. All other meanings of "natural" have to appeals to esoteric concepts. Given the other claims and the intended design goal for the device it seems to equate "natural" with "clean". Yes, the device aerates water, but it does so way less efficiently then any device that causes bubbles. The "balance" is again an esoteric concept that is meaningless without further definition. The zone of influence of a surface aerator can be extended by adding ancillary equipment to the system. Mixing devices generally consist of lower mixing impellers or draft tubes. These devices may improve circulation but often have little influence on aerator SAE. However, in some instances, there may be negative effects on SAE as in the case of supplementary down-pumping impellers in very deep tanks. Draft tubes may also have a negative impact if improperly designed so as to increase friction head. The use of baffles in circular or square tanks is often prescribed for mixers to avoid vortexing and to promote greater system turbulence. Their use for surface mechanical aeration is not often seen in practice. James A. Mueller & P.E. William C. Boyle& P.E. H. Johannes Pöpel: "Aeration: Principles and Practice", CRC Press: Boca Raton, London, 2001, Ch.5 Surface and Mechanical Aeration, p 242. Well, true in a sense. Although evaporation is not a chemical process, volatile compounds are volatile because they dissipate from the water as soon as they are added. So giving them several benefits of low standards: the device accelerates chlorine evaporation, but slower than boiling the water. Oxygenation of water will facilitate oxidation of iron and manganese. Undeniably true. But these will then go out of solution; but they will not evaporate but concentrate as either sludge or will be kept in suspension as long as the vortex is active. Without a filter for the particles a user will need to let it sit still and go flat again so they can form a sediment or a user will drink the iron and manganese anyway. Not all public water supplies do taste metallic and smell unpleasant. It depends on the exact nature of the substances present that do cause the undesirable features to determine whether they will be removed or not. If the smells and tastes come from those that aeration can affect positively it's a win, if the metallic taste comes from uranium or mercury and the smells from non-volatile organic compounds it's a loss. "Balancing" a water is again a meaningless scale. Canned soft-drinks range from 2–9 pH and the stomach can handle this well. Even pressure oxygenated water has so far failed to provide significant "benefits" so this stirred version will have an even harder time to provide any "benefits". A raised pH of water is mostly the effect of driving out the carbonic acid, as "Carbon dioxide is the most common cause of acidity in water" and gaseous oyxgene molecules do not influence pH at all. What do competitors to the Mayu vortex vessel say? Oxygenated water is oxidative water; it is not healthy to drink! When you add oxygen to something, you oxidize it. If you add oxygen to alkaline water, you will neutralize it and lose the health benefits. These claims for the product are about taste, which is verifiable and works. Boil the water to get rid of microorganisms, filter it to get rid of bigger size contaminants, if they are present, than aerate it again to improve the taste. That is the one application this device is really good for. In a combined chain of other devices. These claims for the product are about "healthier water option" ("Much healthier Water – You know the stuff You're Mostly made of") by treating it in caraffe right before immediate unfiltered consumption. These are largely bogus claims with no scientific literature to back them up. But don't they cite scientific literature? "The premise is simple and backed by prominent scientific literature."? Like "K ,Taricska, J. R., Wang, L. K., Hung, Y.-T., Li, K. H., Huang, J.-C., Shang, C., Scovazzo, P. (2006). Advanced Physicochemical Treatment Processes. Advanced Physicochemical Treatment Processes. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-029-4" on their own website with the claim: "As a result, water aeration may be the single most important water treatment process used in the 21st century."? Surface Aerators (commonly used in the wastewater industry) 1. Mechanical surface aerators—water surface is mechanically mixed to increase water to air interface. a. Brush: a series of circular brushes partially submerged are rotated through the water surface to cause turbulence. A support structure is required to suspend the brushes over the water. b. Floating: Floating aerator pumps the water from beneath it up through a draft tube to the surface, which disperses water into the air. The magnetic stirrer falls clearly into the surface aerators. Although taste and odor applications are most common, there are many other tastes and odors that simply cannot be removed by aeration alone, which may explain why so many early plants were abandoned. The removal of iron is accomplished through sedimentation and filtration of the precipitated iron. Theoretically, 1 mg/L of O2 will oxidize about 7 mg/L of Fe2+. Manganese concentrations greater than 0.3 mg/L in water will result in dark brown staining. Oxidation will convert the manganese from Mn2+ to Mn4+ when the pH is above 9. Below a pH of 9, the process is negligibly slow. When tray aerators are utilized for aeration and trays become coated with manganese oxides, the removal is accomplished first by adsorption on accumulated oxidation products (Fe2O3 or MnO2) fol- lowed by slow oxidation. 2.5. Aesthetic or Decorative Aeration Fountains are an attractive way to display product water. They can also be functional particularly for taste and odor improvement. Also, they conjure positive associations for many onlookers. Aeration (oxygenation) may have synergistic effects with other water treatments, such as solar disinfection with sunlight or with other processes that may oxidize molecular oxygen. 4.9 Aeration Aeration of water alone is simple, practical, and affordable, especially if done manually in a bottle or other vessel. Aeration of water has been practiced since ancient times and was believed to improve water quality by "sweetening" and "softening" it (Baker, 1948). It was later discovered that aeration indeed oxygenated anaerobic waters and that such a process would oxidize and precipitate reduced iron, manganese and sulfur, as well as strip volatile organic compounds, some taste and odor compounds, and radon. However, there is no evidence that aeration for brief time periods (minutes) has a direct microbiocidal effect. However, aeration of water introduces oxygen, which can cause chemical reactions, such as precipitation in anaerobic water containing certain dissolved solutes, and which can contribute indirectly to other process that may lead to microbial reductions. In addition, studies suggest that aeration has a synergistic effect with sunlight and heat on disinfection by solar radiation of water held in clear bottles. The mechanisms of this effect are not fully understood. However, they may involve conversion of molecular oxygen to more microbiocial chemical species by photooxidation reactions with microbial components or other constituents in the water, leading to photodynamic inactivation. Further studies of the ability of aeration to inactivate microbes in water either alone or in combination with other agents needs further study. Currently, there is no clear evidence that aeration alone is capable of appreciably and consistently reducing microbes in water. Water swirling in MAYU vessel (without the cap on) make the chlorine evaporation from the water 2,400% faster. The swirling motion balance the dissolved oxygen level in fridge dispensers for example, from 20.6% to 94.7% in less than 10 minutes. a process that will take days in standing water. These facts, after you learn the mechanisms that works behind them are cool, one can get rid of chlorine without buying filters every X months (and producing more plastic waste) But what really amazed me was organoleptic effects, how subtle the human senses are… people can feel the difference in taste and mouthfeel of the water after this simple manipulation. on our blind taste tests, we gave over 100 people, two cups of the same water, one strait out of the tap, one swirled for at least 10 minutes (with the cap off) 83% of them sensed the difference and preferred the water that was moving over the same water that was standing. 1 Purify Restart your water, clean it leaving only H2O 2 Aerate Swirling your water increases the gas transfer by 6000% 3 Mineralize Supplement the pure H2O with essential minerals. Another instance of false advertising is found in their allusion to microplasic (not touched by aeration), and links to "from the press": U.S. Drinking Water Widely Contaminated (unclear connection), America’s Tap Water: Too Much Contamination, Not Enough Reporting, Study Finds, USA today: 4 million Americans may be drinking toxic water and may never know, CNN: 5,300 U.S. water systems are in violation of lead rules (lead will be nicely vortexed and just remain), BBC: Why America's drinking water crisis goes beyond Flint (again, scary news about lead in water, not affected by the device). Arjan Kroonen: I'm worried about the magnetic radiation you are using to move the water. I understand it is good to clean the water using movement but the magnetic poisoning of the water will mean I need to demagnetize the water before drinking it! MAYU: Thanks for the comment Arjan! MAYU: Hi Lily, no, MAYU removes volatile compounds such as TCE, THM, H2S, etc and Chlorine. Since Flouride (I think you were referring to the ion of Fluorine which is called fluoride) is not volatile, we do not remove it. For complete protection from everything, MAYU recommends using a powerful purification method such as reverse osmosis or thermal distillation. These will definitely remove fluoride along with other baddies. Limestone or other heavy water would still need to be filtered out. Limestone doesn't exactly evaporate. Mayu: you're absolutely right. Limestone is dissolved Calcium Carbonate which does not evaporate. As we mentioned in other places here as well, MAYU recommends using Reverse Osmosis or distilled water prior to aerating and remineralizing the water. Concerning heavy metals: What do you recommend doing in order to get rid of them, when drinking tap water? MAYU: Pharmaceuticals- many of the components are volatile organics. MAYU's gentle aeration removes volatile organics. Hi, Gilad from MAYU here. Thank you for the compliments- we also believe this product has a captivating quality. Guys- this is a product people worked very hard to develop and produce- we want it to be pretty and also functional and useful. If you like it- good for you- if you don't it's also ok. Making bold claims about pseudoscience and quackery are not fair. This is not a completely useless device. A few of the testable claims for its actions are true in principle, although exact testing might indicate a problem of scale when using it on fairly clean public water to begin with and not as a device in a chain of applications. The effect of simply stirring the water is very small. On the positive side: the water will probably really do taste better, it will remove unwanted volatile compounds dissolved in water and increase the wanted volatiles (O2 and CO2). To a certain extent, that is. On the negative side: all non-volatile compounds will remain and are at best oxidised slightly. As not enough bacteria (from municipal water supplies) are present to really break down the complex organic molecules that are perhaps present. Inorganic heavy contaminants will not change significantly. The advertising for the device is appealing to esoteric tastes of "living water", "complex water", "natural water" etc. The claims for the product are too far reaching on first sight and not really corrected in an as obvious way as the headlines scream. The company is actually better than Apple in bringing to market a magnetic power plug instead of removing it and still selling a device with a use serviceable battery. The way they mix science with pseudo science and gibberish and lies leaves a much more unpleasant after taste than any water treated with that stirrer. This is a form of water aeration. EFFECTIVE AGAINST: Aeration water treatment is effective for management of dissolved gases such as radon, carbon dioxide, some taste and odor problems such as methane, and hydrogen sulfide, as well as volatile organic compounds, like MTBE or industrial solvents. It is also effective in precipitating dissolved iron and manganese. Aeration raises the pH of water. NOT EFFECTIVE AGAINST: Aeration is not effective for removal of heavy metals, or pathogenic (disease-causing) organisms like bacteria and viruses. This seems to be generally confirmed by this page from the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Does hydrogen-infused water have these health benefits?	2019-04-21T20:54:23	https://skeptics.stackexchange.com/questions/42705/does-a-vortex-vessel-affect-water-in-these-specific-ways
0.999997	You work as an Office Assistant for Net Perfect Inc. You are working on Excel 2007 to create a sales report for the current week. Your workbook contains four worksheets. You have tabulated data in the first sheet. In the second worksheet, few cells contain formulas that refer to the first worksheet. You want to view both worksheets side-by-side to see how modifying data in the first worksheet changes the formula#39;s result in the second sheet. Which of the following steps will you use to accomplish the task? Save a copy of the workbook with a different name. Open both copies in Excel. Use the Arrange Horizontal option in the Arrange Windows dialog-box. Click the New Window option on the View tab#39;s Window group. Use the Arrange Vertical option in the Arrange Windows dialog-box. Click the Landscape Orientation option on the Page Layout tab#39;s Page Setup group. Use the Arrange Vertical option in the Arrange Windows dialog-box. Excel 2007 provides the facility to open more than one copy of a workbook at a time. This option is very helpful when you need to simultaneously view two worksheets every time you want to see how modifying data in a worksheet changes the formula#39;s result in the other worksheet. According to the question, you want to view both the worksheets side-by-side. Click the New Window option on the View tab#39;s Window group. on the second workbook#39;s title bar. When you change data in a sheet of any workbook, the formula result will reflect on the respective sheet of the other workbook. Changes done in either of the workbook will reflect on the other. Answer options D and A are incorrect. Saving a workbook with a different name will make two different individual workbooks. These workbooks will have separate identity. Hence, the changes done in one of the workbooks will not be reflected on the other. Answer option C is incorrect. Setting orientation of a sheet to Landscape will not work for this situation. Landscape orientation is a part of layout option that is used to define how data will be printed on a sheet of paper. Choose the Print Titles option in the Page Setup group on the Page Layout tab. This will open the Page Setup window. These steps will enforce Excel to repeat column A at the left side of each printed page. You have to calculate the first quarter incentives for all sales managers. The incentive percentage (provided in cell B3) is fixed for all sales managers. The incentive will be calculated on their total first quarter sales. You have to write a formula in the cell F8. Then you will drag the cell border to the cell F12 to copy the formula to all the cells from F8 to F12. In the first step, you select the F8 cell. Which of the following formulas will you insert to accomplish the task? When absolute reference is used for referencing a cell in a formula, dragging cell#39;s border to another cell does not change the cell#39;s reference. Answer option D is incorrect. This formula references the B3 cell as a relative Reference. After inserting the formula, when the cell#39;s border is dragged, it will change the cell reference relatively. Answer options C and A are incorrect. Ampersand symbol (amp;) is not used for referencing cells in Excel. You work as a Sales Manager for Tech Perfect Inc. You are creating a weekly sales report. Before finalizing the report, you want to verify the correctness of all formulas that are used in the report. For this, you want to print the report displaying all formulas, instead of their values. Which of the following steps will you take to accomplish the task? Click the Show Formula option in the Formula Auditing group on the Formula tab. Use the Print option to print the report. Select the Show Formula option in the Print dialog box. Click the Print Formula option in the Formula Auditing group on the Formula tab. Use the Print option to print the report. Select the Print Formula option in the Print dialog box. Show Formula is a toggle option to display or hide formulas in a worksheet. Alternatively, you can use the Ctrl ` keys to show/hide the formula. You work as an Office Assistant for Media Perfect Inc. You are creating a report in a workbook in Excel 2007. You have to insert a Venn-diagram in a worksheet. Mark the option you will choose to accomplish the task. colors, fonts, and effects to match the document#39;s theme. The Smart Art option appears under the Insert tab. Each Smart Art graphic maps the text outline onto the graphic and automatically resizes the graphic for best fit. A number of quick styles can be used for each graphic shapes. Users can also manually change Smart Art graphics colors, fonts, and effects to match the document#39;s theme. Jenny works as Chief Operating Officer for Tech Perfect Inc. Her responsibilities include monitoring company#39;s sales data and analyzing them to offer the best possible solution to meet the sales target set by the management. She often requires opening two workbooks simultaneously. One workbook contains yearly sales target figures and the other one includes the actual sales figures. Which of the following steps should she take to reduce the burden of opening these files individually? Copy the data of one workbook and paste it into a separate sheet in the other workbook. Place the files in a USB drive. Create a workspace containing reference of both workbooks. Place both workbooks at the same location. In order to reduce the burden of opening workbooks individually, Jenny should create a workspace containing reference of both the workbooks. A workspace is an Excel file that allows users to open several files at once. If a user requires opening a set of workbooks to open simultaneously, he should create a workspace of those files. Excel creates a single file that reference to several workbooks. Whenever users open a workspace created, all the files referenced in it will open simultaneously. A workspace file is saved with the .xlw extension. You work as an Technician in Tech Perfect Inc. You are creating a report in Microsoft Excel. You protect the worksheet elements in the worksheet. Which of the following functionalities will be achieved by your action? It will limit the access to the worksheet. It will restrict users to make any changes in the worksheet. It will hide the confidential data. It will encryypt the data. Protecting the worksheet elements will restrict users to make any changes in the worksheet. Protecting, hiding, and locking are not intended to help secure or protect any confidential information that you keep in a workbook. It only helps to obscure data or formulas that might confuse other users and prevents them from viewing or making changes to that data. Answer options D, C, and A are incorrect. Protecting the worksheet elements will not achieve any of these functionalities. You work as a Sales Manager for Media Perfect Inc. You have created a report in a workbook in Excel 2007. You want to ensure that the A1 cell displays the current time whenever you open the workbook. For this, you select the A1 cell. Which of the following formulas will you insert to accomplish the task? In order to accomplish the task, you will have to insert the NOW() function in the A1 cell. The NOW() function, in Excel, returns the time when the workbook was last opened. It means, if this function is used in a workbook, its value will change every time the workbook is opened. The NOW() function is not updated continuously. The value changes only when the worksheet is calculated or when a macro that contains the function is run. Answer option C is incorrect. The TIME() function returns the decimal number for a particular time. Answer option A is incorrect. PMT() is a function used in Excel to calculate payments due on a loan, assuming a constant interest rate and constant payments. Answer option D is incorrect. The TIMEVALUE() function returns the decimal number of the time represented by a text string. You work as a Sales Manager for Net World Inc. You are creating a sales report in Excel 2007. You want to create the report while keeping an eye on how it will look in printed format. Which of the following views will you have to work on? In order to fulfill the requirement of the question, you will have to work on Page Layout View. Page Layout View is one of the several views provided by Excel 2007. This view has been introduced in Excel 2007 to enable users to create a worksheet while keeping an eye on how it will look in printed format. Users can work with page headers, footers, margin settings in the worksheet in this view. It also enables a user to place various objects, such as charts, at the place where the user wants to print them. Various page setup options are also available in this view. It enables users to quickly set the worksheet page for printing purposes. Answer option B is incorrect. The Normal view will not allow you to work on your worksheet while showing how it will appear in printed format. Answer option D is incorrect. Although the Page Break view will show the print breaks of the worksheet pages, it will not provide different printing options to work on. You work as an Office Assistant for Media Perfect Inc. You are creating a report in Microsoft Excel 2007 to submit it to your manager. You have used several formulas in the report. You want to see which formula is referring to a cell. Which of the following steps will you take to accomplish the task? Select the cell. On the Formulas tab in the Formula Auditing group, click Watch Window. Click Add Watch. Select the cell. Choose the Trace Precedents in the Formula Auditing group in the Formula tab. Select the cell. On the Formulas tab in the Formula Auditing group, click Evaluate Formula. Select the cell. Choose the Trace Dependents in the Formula Auditing group in the Formula tab. In order to accomplish the task, you will have to take the following steps: Select the cell. Choose the Trace Dependents in the Formula Auditing group in the Formula tab. The Trace Dependents option is used to see which formulas refer to the value in the selected cell. Answer option B is incorrect. The Trace Precedents option is used to see which cells provide values for the formula in the active cell. Answer option A is incorrect. It will not accomplish the task as Watch Window is used to monitor the value in a cell. It provides users a convenient way to inspect, audit, or confirm formula calculations and results in large worksheets/workbooks. Answer option C is incorrect. Evaluate Formula is a tool for examining formulas that do not produce an error, but also not generating the expected result.	2019-04-19T22:22:41	http://www.examcollection.online/free-2018aug-ensurepass-microsoft-77-602-dumps-with-vce-and-pdf-11-20/
0.999999	Our Cedar & Lavender Drawer Liners can be used in drawers, sweater boxes, chests, and garment bags to freshen garments as well as their storage environment. The slats are ridged to maximize their aromatic effectiveness. Tongue-and-groove edges securely join the slats together for a custom fit in almost any space. They're ideal for lining hanging garment bags, storage trunks and totes. Renew the fragrance of your Cedar & Lavender Drawer Liners annually by gently sanding the surface with fine sandpaper - more frequently if the fragrance fades. Cedar & Lavender Drawer Liners is rated 4.6 out of 5 by 8. Rated 5 out of 5 by JinRockville from Great smelling and they last! I've been using these for about a year, and they still smell great. Like all cedar products, they can be refreshed by just lightly sanding to exposure new wood. I put them in suit bags to protect my clothing. Rated 5 out of 5 by Tomasina from Love Them These are great for storage bags, drawers & shelves. The lavender scent is really nice. Rated 5 out of 5 by kelly727 from Attractive Liners, NIce Scent Very attractive look to these-I use them at the bottom of the clear coat and gown bag like displayed in the store. I like the addition of the lavender since it's a variation from just the original cedar. What is the area this will cover? Used as a set of 5 slats, our Cedar & Lavender Drawer Liners cover an area 13-1/2" x 17-1/2", or 236-1/4 square inches. The aromatic nature of our Cedar & Lavender Drawer Liners is the key to their success in repelling moths and other textile-damaging pests. The aroma should dissipate shortly after exposure to fresh air. How many years do these last? How many years will these last. I just found some that are several years old - are they still good? Yes, your Cedar & Lavender Drawer Liners are still good - they virtually last forever. Renew the potency of your Liners annually by gently sanding the surface with fine sandpaper - more frequently if the fragrance fades. You can also revitalize your Cedar & Lavender accessories with our Cedar & Lavender Spray (shown below). I've used cedar blocks in the past but the oils stained my sweaters. To your knowledge, have these blocks stained clothing? Is there something I can put over the wood while still repelling moths, insects, etc.? I wish to preserve my cashmere clothing to the best of my ability. After years of offering a wide range of cedar products, we have had no reports of clothing stains cause by our cedar options.	2019-04-21T11:18:07	https://www.containerstore.com/s/closet/clothing-shoe-care/cedar-lavender-drawer-liners/12d?productId=11008183
0.998594	NYC Educator: Is Reformy John King's Decree Worse Than NY Times Thinks? Is Reformy John King's Decree Worse Than NY Times Thinks? There's a piece in the NY Times all about the issues with the new evaluation system. They're the paper of record, so it must be accurate. I've no idea how large the school is, but I'm sure the Times reporter carefully considered its application to large schools, and understands completely what it means in a large school where APs are in charge of maybe 40 teachers a piece. After all, reporters get paid for that sort of thing. On the other hand, the reporter estimates under the assumption that observers will not spend more than 15 minutes a piece on informal observations. In this astral plane, it's unlikely many observations by responsible admin are 15 minutes. Teachers tell me admin usually stays at least 25 minutes, and often wait until whatever activity they're engaged in is completed, so as to get a real picture of what's happening. Of course, I'm just someone who talks to working teachers every single day, and not a NY Times reporter, so I guess you can't go by me. And it's not just the observations. They have to be low-inference and aligned to the Danielson rubric. Responsible administrators have to take copious notes, supposedly reserving any and all value judgments. They then have to align these supposedly non-judgmental notes to the rubric. That's pretty time-consuming and taxing, particularly for people who aren't used to doing such things. I write very fast, but not everyone does. This is going to be very tough for some administrators, particularly if teachers are sharp enough to catch them when they offer judgments with little or no evidence. In my school, an AP is responsible for 30 or 40 teachers. At maybe 200 per year, that makes more than one observation per day. APs who are not in the habit of writing regularly are going to have a really tough time of it. I know APs who write well who are having an even tougher time of it. Being conscientious, they labor over every word. I've actually had administrators, who don't usually complain to me of such things, say they'd like to take entire days off just so they could get to their writing. APs are supposed to help teachers who really need support, but haven't got time to devote to those who really needs it. They also haven't got the time to help kids who have problems with teachers. King mandated more observations than either the DOE or UFT requested, according to Gotham Schools. What sort of mediator, when you want to sell a car for $500, and I want to pay $200, charges $1000? That would be the esteemed Mr. King. In our school, the principal has decided that anyone who wished to change from option one or two was free to do so. I recently spoke to an AP who was delighted that two department members decided to go from six observations to a mere four. It was like a Christmas gift. That's four down, and a million to go.	2019-04-23T16:01:58	https://nyceducator.com/2013/12/reformy-john-kings-decree-worse-than-ny.html
0.989332	Review by Julian Baggini, Ph.D. How one responds to Cottingham's eloquent advocacy of the need for religion - or at least spirituality - to give meaning to life will depend partly on just how hungry for significance you are and how intolerable you find the idea of a universe lacking in any significance beyond that which we give it. Fundamentally, Cottingham's case seems not to rest on his careful and insightful arguments but the deep-felt convictions which motivate them, a metaphorical banging of fist on table, decreeing that there just has to be more to life that three score years and ten of mortal existence. Cottingham wants to avoid the usual "dogmatic stand off" (ix) between atheists and the religious. But dogmatic or otherwise, a stand-off seems unavoidable. This book helps us to understand why by showing how such convictions are needed to take us beyond the inconclusive demands of rationality. The middle chapter of this book makes a persuasive case that there is nothing in our scientific or rational understanding of the world that necessarily rules out a religious world view. To put it crudely, whether one should be an atheist or a religious believer is cannot be determined merely by "the facts". Cottingham, I think, underestimates the extent to which the weight of evidence falls more heavily on the side of the atheist, but the mere fact that this point is debatable shows that nothing remotely conclusive follows from it. Given this inconclusivity, what can or should persuade us to fall on one side or the other? Cottingham advocates the religious option by trying to show the emptiness of the secular alternative and then showing us how attractive the spiritual life is. The positive part of his argument works better than the negative one. His arguments that secular humanism provides an inadequate basis on which to base our lives, while not quite working against straw men, do not defeat the strongest versions of that position on offer. He makes much of the Nietszchean will to power and the creation of values by the atomised individual as though this were the logical consequence of embracing atheism, whereas it is surely truer to say it is an extreme position which few atheists adopt. In pitching his extremely moderate form of religion against his moderately extreme version of Nietzsche, one feels Cottingham has loaded the dice. The positive case, however, presents more of a challenge to the atheist. For Cottingham is surely right that the religious form of life does have advantages which the godless one has trouble availing itself of. Such things as a sense of the fragility of life and goodness, an appreciation for the beauty and goodness around us, a sense of hope – all these things are not beyond the atheist but they have a more natural place in the life of a believer. Cottingham, following Pascal, wants to tempt the atheist down the slippery slope to religious belief by arguing that these advantages are so worth having that one should adopt the religious form of life needed to attain them. In taking this first step, there is no need to adopt any propositional beliefs about the real existence of God, heaven or anything else. But the spiritual practices such a form of life require will, Cottingham argues, naturally lead one to adopt the kind of substantive beliefs associated with the religion practised. Given his arguments that our best knowledge of the world doesn't rule out the truth of these religious beliefs, and given that there is so much to be gained from living life religiously, why not give it a go? For the convinced atheist, Cottingham is acting as God's own serpent, tempting us to give back the apple from the tree of knowledge on the promise the Eden is a better place than the cold, meaningless universe we find ourselves condemned to live in. Because I don't find the blind purposelessness of the universe intolerable, am not so hungry for significance I'll feed on whatever world view is offering the most, and think the evidence that this mortal, earthly life is the only we have got is overwhelming, I am not tempted to renege on Eve's deal. But perhaps books like these never change our fundamental convictions. At best they can help readers see better the merits in the views they oppose. In this respect Cottingham succeeds admirably. His case is helped by his ability to enrich his text with countless apt allusions, quotes and illustrations. But his success is not a result of mere rhetoric. Cottingham has identified what makes the religious life not just attractive, but genuinely desirable and intellectually defensible. For that non-believers should be grateful. Julian Baggini (www.julianbaggini.com) is editor of The Philosophers' Magazine and the author of Making Sense: Philosophy Behind the Headlines and Atheism: A Very Short Introduction (Both Oxford University Press). His book on philosophy and the meaning of life will be published in 2004.	2019-04-22T12:46:37	http://metapsychology.mentalhelp.net/poc/view_doc.php?type=book&id=1825&cn=394
0.999797	Will An All-Glass AMOLED iPhone Boost Apple Inc. Stock? Apple’s rumored next-gen iPhone could already be outdated by Android design standards. Shares of Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL) have fallen 14% over the past 12 months due to concerns that sales of the iPhone, its top source of revenue, will peak this year. iPhone sales inched up just 1% annually last quarter, and Apple's guidance for a 9% to 14% sales decline for the current quarter indicated that demand was drying up. A recent report from Trendforce claims that global iPhone shipments fell nearly 24% annually during the first quarter, and the firm warns that the new 4" iPhone SE will "face severe price competition from Chinese branded products" in its target mid-range market. As a result, Apple faces tremendous pressure to make major technological and cosmetic improvements to future iPhones. But recent leaks indicate that this year's iPhone 7 will look similar to the iPhone 6s, and that its biggest improvement could be a dual-camera setup for better pictures. But looking further ahead, KGI Securities analyst Ming-Chi Kuo believes that Apple will dramatically alter the iPhone next year by replacing its aluminum chassis with an all-glass enclosure, and replace its LCD screen with an AMOLED one. Would such an eleventh-hour move revive interest in the iPhone? Is Apple running out of ideas? If Kuo's report is accurate, Apple would be following Android device design trends. Samsung (NASDAQOTH:SSNLF) has used AMOLED displays ever since the Galaxy S1, and it added curved glass screens to the Galaxy S6 Edge last year. Xiaomi, Oppo, Lenovo, and many other OEMs have also produced phones with glass backs or all-glass exteriors. Apple also used glass backs with the iPhone 4 and 4s. Those stylish handsets were prone to crack, but Kuo believes that Apple will use tougher glass to address that issue, and that glass would be ideal for wireless charging and boosting reception. Introducing an all-glass AMOLED iPhone might impress diehard Apple fans, but it also seems to be an admission that Android OEMs -- which were once considered "iPhone knockoff" makers -- are now moving ahead of the design curve. Apple could potentially add its patented and long-rumored "wraparound" display design to the all-glass exterior, but LG also recently won a similar patent, indicating that it might launch such a futuristic device before Apple. All-glass phones: Lenovo's S850 (L) and Oppo's A31 (R). Image source: Company websites. Under CEO Tim Cook, Apple treads water more often than it swims forward. Cook has tried using a scattergun strategy to boost iPad sales, adding smaller and larger screen sizes along with keyboards for productivity purposes. Yet those tactics seem unlikely to break the tablet's eight consecutive quarters of annual sales declines. That strategy is now bleeding over to the iPhone, causing the company to launch 4-inch devices to reach untapped markets. That strategy might work if Apple lowers the price to around $100 for developing and emerging markets, but the company stubbornly set the price at $400 to $500, keeping it out of reach of those consumers. According to analytics firm Mixpanel, only 24% of iPhone users own an iPhone 6s or 6s Plus, while 43% still use the iPhone 6 or 6 Plus. That big disparity indicates that many iPhone 6 users, unimpressed by the iPhone 6s' incremental upgrades, simply stuck with their "good enough" devices. The iPhone 7 could suffer the same fate if it doesn't offer game-changing improvements. Since most carriers no longer subsidize iPhones with two-year contracts, longtime iPhone users will likely hold onto their devices a bit longer -- which could cause iPad-like sales declines. But can it swim forward? Apple knows that it needs to diversify away from the iPhone, which generated nearly 70% of its revenue last quarter. However, new efforts like Apple Pay, Apple Music, and the Apple Watch still account for single-digit percentages of its top line, while the rumored "Apple Car" probably won't arrive until 2019. Sales of iPads and Macs have also been sluggish due to ongoing declines in both the tablet and PC markets. So until Apple's other businesses start generating more meaningful sales, all eyes will remain fixed on the iPhone, which is running out of ways to win over new users. I believe that the company is gradually falling behind Samsung and other OEMs in terms of hardware design, and introducing an all-glass AMOLED iPhone might not be enough to close the gap next year.	2019-04-25T21:58:03	https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2016/04/22/will-an-all-glass-amoled-iphone-boost-apple-inc-st.aspx
0.9861	[Editorial Notes: Out of our respect for Dr. Wayne Grudem and a desire to continue the ongoing debate regarding Trinitarian distinctions, we are pleased to have Dr. Grudem respond to some recent criticisms that have been leveled at him. As we noted in Dr. Ware's post, the views expressed in this post do not necessarily represent those of the Alliance of Confessing Evangelicals or of Reformation 21]. Let me be clear as to what, from my perspective, the recent Trinitarian dispute is about. It is not about whether I (and others such as Bruce Ware and Owen Strachan) hold to the doctrine of the Trinity as expressed in the Nicene Creed (325 A.D., revised 381 A.D.). I am happy to affirm both the full deity of the Son and that the Son is eternally "begotten of the Father before all worlds," provided that "begotten of the Father" is understood to refer to an eternal Father-Son relationship in the Trinity that includes no superiority or inferiority of being or essence. Up to that point, I think all sides agree. But what kind of eternal Father-Son relationship is this? That is the point of difference. Bruce Ware and Owen Strachan and I have understood it in terms of the eternal authority of the Father and the eternal submission of the Son within their relationship. That seems to us to best account for the very names "Father" and "Son" as they would certainly have been understood in the ancient world, and also to best account for multiple passages of Scripture that show a consistent pattern of the Father who elects us in the Son (Eph. 1:4-5), creates the world through the Son (John 1:2, 1 Cor. 8:6, Heb. 1:2), sends the Son into the world (John 3:16), and delegates judgment to the Son (Rev 2:27), while the Son comes into the world to do his Father's will, not his own (John 6:38), after his ascension sits at the right hand of the Father (Acts 2:32-35), receives from the Father the authority to pour forth the Holy Spirit in New Covenant fullness (Matt 28:18; Acts 2:33), makes intercession before the Father (Heb. 7:25), receives revelation from the Father to give to the church (Rev. 1:1), and will eternally be subject to the Father (1 Cor. 15:26-28). These activities between the Father and Son are one-directional and they are never reversed anywhere in Scripture. Liam Goligher and Carl Trueman have not provided an alternative explanation for these verses. However, they have claimed that our understanding of "begotten of the Father before all worlds" in the Nicene Creed is incorrect, and that instead of saying it implies an authority-submission relationship, we should say that it refers to the "eternal generation of the Son." However, what is surprising to me, and I think quite uncalled-for, is that Goligher and (apparently) Trueman are insisting that those who disagree with their particular interpretation of the Nicene Creed should have no teaching office in the church. My response is to say that I have simply understood the Nicene Creed in the sense that many widely-respected evangelical scholars have understood it, including the great Princeton theologian Charles Hodge, the great church historian Philip Schaff, and the highly regarded historian Geoffrey Bromiley (see the quotations at the end of this article). They all used the language of "subordination" of the Son to the Father in relationship, but not in essence or deity. By way of further response, I have listed below some quotations from thirteen additional evangelical theologians from a broad spectrum of denominational backgrounds who affirm the eternal submission (or subordination, both terms are used) of the Son to the Father in relationship but not in deity or essence. According to Goligher's and Trueman's standards, these thirteen that I list (along with the five others that I include at the end, for a total of 18) would also be excluded as guilty of heresy and deprived of any teaching office in the church. I strongly disagree with their conclusion, and I find their claim highly inappropriate. Personally, I am proud to stand in the in the company of these wonderful servants of God in the list below. Finally, I want to reemphasize what I asked in my first article: Where in the entire history of recognized evangelical Protestant theology has anyone ever agreed with what Goligher and Trueman are saying--namely, that anyone who affirms both the full deity of the Son, and the eternal submission or subordination of the Son to the Father in their relationship, should "certainly" be excluded from "holding office in the church of God"? They have provided no answer. Their claim that their interpretation of the Nicene Creed should be the only one allowed, not our orthodox Trinitarian belief, is what is unprecedented in the history of the church. "Part of the revealed mystery of the Godhead is that the three persons stand in a fixed relation to each other....It is the nature of the second person of the Trinity to acknowledge the authority and submit to the good pleasure of the first. That is why He declares Himself to be the Son, and the first person to be His Father. Though co-equal with the Father in eternity, power, and glory, it is natural to Him to play the Son's part, and find all His joy in doing His Father's will, just as it is natural to the first person of the Trinity to plan and initiate the works of the Godhead and natural to the third person to proceed from the Father and the Son to do their joint bidding. Thus the obedience of the God-man to the Father while He was on earth was not a new relationship occasioned by the incarnation, but the continuation in time of the eternal relationship between the Son and the Father in heaven." Knowing God (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1973), 54-55. "Christians must . . . avoid claiming supernatural authority for one or another interpretation that seems to resolve the problem of persons and essence in the Trinity" (p. 210). "1. That there is a subordination of the persons of the Trinity, in their actings with respect to the creature; that one acts from another, and under another, and with a dependence on another, in their actings, and particularly in what they act in the affair of man's redemption. So that the Father in that affair acts as Head of the Trinity, and Son under him, and the Holy Spirit under them both. 6. That the economy of the persons of the Trinity, establishing that order of their acting that is agreeable to the order of their subsisting, is entirely diverse from the covenant of redemption, and prior to it, not only appears from the nature of things, but appears evidently from the Scripture..." 1062. "Economy of the Trinity and Covenant of Redemption," from Jonathan Edwards , The "Miscellanies," 833-1152 (WJE Online Vol. 20), Ed. Amy Plantinga Pauw. "Although these three persons possess one and the same divine substance, Scripture nevertheless teaches that, concerning their personal existence, the Father is the first, the Son the second, and the Holy Spirit the third . . . . There is, therefore, subordination as to personal manner of existence and manner of working, but no subordination regarding possession of the one divine substance." Reformed Dogmatics, translated and edited by Richard B Gaffin, Jr. (Bellingham, Washington: Lexham Press, 2012-2014, from hand-written lectures in 1896), vol. 1, p. 43. "We know also that his Sonship implies an order of relational (not essential) subordination to the Father which is doubtless what dictated the divisions of labor in the eternal Covenant of Redemption in that it is unthinkable that the Son would have sent the Father to do his will." A New Systematic Theology of the Christian Faith (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1998), 336. "The Son's submission to the Father is compatible with his full and unabbreviated deity. Therefore, we may rightly say that the Son submits in eternity to the Father, without in any way breaking his indissoluble oneness with the Father or the Holy Spirit, and without in any way jeopardizing his equality. Being God, he serves the Father. Being God, the Father loves the Son and shares his glory with him (John 17:1-4, 22-24). The Holy Trinity: In Scripture, History, Theology, and Worship (Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R, 2004), 402. "...the Son is the eternal Son of the eternal Father, and hence, the Son stands in a relationship of eternal submission under the authority of his Father" Father, Son and Holy Spirit: Relationships, Roles, and Relevance (Crossway 2005), p. 71. "One final word about the nature and duration of this functional subordination in the Godhead. It is not just temporal and economical; it is essential and eternal. For example, the Son is an eternal Son (see Prov. 30:4; Heb. 1:3). He did not become God's Son; He always was related to God the Father as a Son and always will be. His submission to the Father was not just for time but will be for all eternity." Systematic Theology vol. 2 (Minneapolis: Bethany House, 2003), 291. "The phrase 'eternal generation' is simply an attempt to describe the Father-Son relationship in the Trinity and, by using the word 'eternal,' protect it from any idea of inequality or temporality...Priority without inferiority as seen in the Trinity is the basis for proper relationships between men and women (1 Cor. 11:3)." Basic Theology (Wheaton: Victor Books, 1986), 54, 59. "Alongside the essential equality of persons there exists an economic ordering or functional subordination. Paul implies that, within the administration of the Godhead, the Father has the primacy over the Son...and over the Spirit...And the Son has priority over the Spirit....the ordering relation is eternal and not limited to Christ's state of humiliation." Integrative Theology (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1987), vol. 2, pp. 266-267. "There is an eternal subordination in John's portrayal of the three. God receives upon his throne the victorious Lamb through whom he sent to be a sacrifice. And the Spirit is sent from the throne into all of creation through the Lamb in order to reveal God and the Lamb. There is no hint here that the subordination of the Lamb and the Spirit is merely historical or merely functional. This is an eternal setting....There is eternal equality in John's portrayal of the three, too." God the Trinity: Biblical Portraits (Nashville: B&H Academic, 2016), 211, 217. 1. There is historical precedent for asserting the eternal subordination of the Son. 2. The texts of scripture require us to recognise at the level of the persons distinguishable wills of Father and Son. 3. The Son tells us in scripture that he reveals his eternal love for his Father by his obedience on earth, and this love at the level of persons includes on the Son's part eternal obedience. 4. The eternal subordination of the Son does not divide the will of God at the level of nature, because the issue here is one of relations between the persons. "There is no subordination within the divine nature that is shared among the persons: the three are equally God. However, there is a subordination of role among the persons, which constitutes part of the distinctiveness of each. But how can one person be subordinate to another in his eternal role while being equal to the other in his divine nature? Or, to put it differently, how can subordination of role b e compatible with divinity? Does not the very idea of divinity exclude this sort of subordination? The biblical answer, I think, is no." (The Doctrine of God (2002), 720; see also his Systematic Theology (2013), 500-502). "The only subordination of which we can speak, is a subordination in respect to order and relationship....Generation and procession take place within the Divine Being, and imply a certain subordination as to the manner of personal subsistence, but not subordination as far as the possession of the divine essence is concerned. This ontological Trinity and its inherent order is the metaphysical basis of the economical Trinity." (Systematic Theology, 88-89). "...Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, while equal in essence and dignity, stand to each other in an order of personality, office, and operation...The subordination of the person of the Son to the person of the Father to be officially first, the Son second, and the Spirit third, is perfectly consistent with equality. Priority is not necessarily superiority. The possibility of an order, which yet involves no inequality, may be illustrated by the relation between man and woman. In office man is first and woman is second, but woman's soul is worth as much as man's; see 1 Cor 11:3." (Systematic Theology, 342). "The Nicene doctrine includes...the principle of the subordination of the Son to the Father, and of the Spirit to the Father and the Son. But this subordination does not imply inferiority....The subordination intended is only that which concerns the mode of subsistence and operation ....The creeds are nothing more than a well-ordered arrangement of the facts of Scripture which concern the doctrine of the Trinity. They assert the distinct personality of the Father, Son, and Spirit...and their consequent perfect equality; and the subordination of the Son to the Father, and of the Spirit to the Father and the Son, as to the mode of subsistence and operation. These are scriptural facts, to which the creeds in question add nothing; and it is in this sense they have been accepted by the Church universal." (Systematic Theology, 460-462). [Additional statement on 1 Cor. 15:28:] "We know that the verbally inconsistent propositions, the Son is subject to the Father, and, the Son is equal with the Father, are both true. In one sense he is subject, in another sense he is equal. The son of a king may be the equal of his father in every attribute of his nature, though officially inferior. So the eternal Son of God may be coequal with the Father, though officially subordinate. What difficulty is there in this? What shade does it cast over the full Godhead of our adorable Redeemer? . . . . The subjection itself is official and therefore perfectly consistent with equality of nature" (Hodge, 1 and 2 Corinthians (Wilmington, Del.: Sovereign Grace, 1972 reprint of 1857 edition), 185- 186. Regarding Calvin, church historian Richard A. Muller, in his massive Post-Reformation Reformed Dogmatics writes that "Calvin certainly allowed some subordination in the order of the persons . . . But he adamantly denied any subordination of divinity or essence" (Vol. 4, p. 80). [Commentary on John 6:38, "For I have come down from heaven, not to do my own will but the will of him who sent me":] "Faith is a work of God, by which he shows that we are his people, and appoints his Son to be the protector of our salvation. Now the Son has no other design than to fulfill the commands of his Father." (John Calvin, Commentary on the Gospel According to John, translated by William Pringle (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2005), 252. "The Nicene fathers still teach, like their predecessors, a certain subordinationism, which seems to conflict with the doctrine of consubstantiality. But we must distinguish between a subordinationism of essence (ousia) and a subordinationism of hypostasis, of order and dignity. The former was denied, the latter affirmed." (History of the Christian Church, 3:680). "Eternal generation....is the phrase used to denote the inter-Trinitarian relationship between the Father and the Son as is taught by the Bible. "Generation" makes it plain that there is a divine sonship prior to the incarnation (cf. John 1:18; 1 John 4:9), that there is thus a distinction of persons within the one Godhead (John 5:26), and that between these persons there is a superiority and subordination of order (cf. John 5:19; 8:28). "Eternal" reinforces the fact that the generation is not merely economic (i.e. for the purpose of human salvation as in the incarnation, cf. Luke 1:35), but essential, and that as such it cannot be construed in the categories of natural or human generation. Thus it does not imply a time when the Son was not, as Arianism argued ....Nor does his subordination imply inferiority....the phrase....corresponds to what God has shown us of himself in his own eternal being....It finds creedal expression in the phrases 'begotten of his Father before all worlds'" (Nicene) and "begotten before the worlds" (Athanasian). Geoffrey W. Bromiley, "Eternal Generation," in Evangelical Dictionary of Theology, ed. Walter Elwell (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1984), 368). "Nicaea clearly affirmed that the distinction between the Father and the Son is not ontological or substantial, inasmuch as both are God. It did not clearly specify wherein that distinctiveness does lie. Inasmuch as it is not ontological, it must be relational, as the language of the Bible continues to assert even when we have stripped "begetting" of its ontological implications. At this point, in order to distinguish the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit from one another, the language was allowed to carry its economic implications; that is to say, the Persons of the Trinity were seen to differ in the relationship of commissioner and commissioned, the one sending and the one sent (John 3:16, 14:16). Here, finally, the distinction was allowed to rest; the Son, under (sub) the orders of the Father is clearly subordinate in the relationship, although not by nature; the same holds true for the Holy Spirit." (Harold O. J. Brown, Heresies: the Image of Christ in the Mirror of Heresy and Orthodoxy from the Apostles to the Present (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1984), 133. Conclusion: Are all 18 of those theologians (19 if you include me) really teaching a "different God" than found in Scripture, as Goligher claims? Should they all have been excluded from a teaching office in the church, as Goligher claims? Think of how much weaker the work of God's kingdom throughout the earth would be today without the teaching and writings of those 18 theologians, and without the continuing influence of the millions who were taught by them. Therefore the accusations of unorthodoxy stated by Goligher and Trueman still seem to me to be unjustified, intemperate, and unprecedented in the history of the church.	2019-04-26T12:04:49	http://www.reformation21.org/blog/2016/06/another-thirteen-evangelical-t.php
0.781344	I had been looking forward to reading The Guardians immensely, as I have always had a bit of a soft spot for ghost stories. Then my mum gave it a read and wasn't hugely impressed. A bit of a hurdle, but then she and I have had wildly different opinions before, and who was to say that this wouldn't be any different? The story follows main protagonist Trevor and his childhood friends in two separate, but closely interlinked, story-lines. In the past, it follows their teenage selves in the aftermath of the disappearance of their music teacher, and the terrible events that happen in the abandoned house in Caledonia street. In the present, they are in their forties, returning to their home-town after the suicide of Ben, the only one who stayed after graduating high school; whilst sorting through his late friend's belongings, Trevor finds himself having to confront whatever is in the abandoned house once more, lest it forever be a sword of Damocles. It was okay. It kind of read like it had the potential to be a really great, grippingly creepy horror story about a haunted house, but was held back by certain elements that didn't quite work. So what did work, first of all? The haunted house was pretty much perfect. The idea that the more you spent in the house, or even just looking at it, would make you more and more unstable and thus willing to listen to the evil spirit within? Now that was a concept that I could run with. And it did produce some genuinely eerie moments that were the real highlights of the book. But of course, there have to be downsides. The first thing that instantly bugged me was the writing style. It was a fairly casual tone, but at the same time, overly wordy and a bit on the flowery side. If he could describe something in one piece of imagery, the author would use two or stretch that one bit of imagery to the absolute breaking point. It very much reminded me of my own writing at the pre-edit stage, which is possibly why it annoyed me so much. Secondly, the plot is dragged down by a part of the story-line in the past, which seems to make little sense even in context. Okay, so their music teacher, a pretty young woman, goes missing and Ben says that he thinks that he saw someone drag her into the haunted house, which is across the street from him; he can't be sure what he saw though, and it might not have even been human. Understandably, his friends are sceptical. So when he later says that he thinks that the person that he saw manhandling her was their hockey coach, what is their reaction? They pretty much instantly believe him. I find this a bit of a stretch of credibility really, especially since we as readers are kind of expected to just believe Ben as well, without any other evidence. Since I could never be sure that their suspicions were correct, it made what followed in that part of the story-line deeply uncomfortable. Don't get me wrong, I have seen main protagonists do worse, but usually the text is self-aware enough to know that what they're doing is wrong; here, it felt like I was supposed to sympathise, but it really didn't sit right with me. Also, there were a couple of things that made the crime-reader part of me want to scream, because they do some REALLY dumb things during their investigation that would surely get them caught and at least implicated in a crime, all in the name of keeping out of trouble. Very frustrating.	2019-04-19T00:29:06	http://paperplanereviews.blogspot.com/2014/11/the-guardians-by-andrew-pyper.html
0.999659	Home > Search for "educa" We found 248 results matching your criteria. Inspired by the horrors of the Spanish Civil War, Picasso's Guernica has become an icon for anti-war activists throughout the world. This puzzle is a 3000 piece panoramic puzzle with a reproduction of the painting titled "Guernica" by Pablo Picasso. Beers from around the world. Lagers and pilsners and ales, oh my! New York's most stunning advertisement signs are also its most stunning works of art. Broadway's iconic theater signs stem back to the roots of modern performance art in America. The bright lights of Broadway still inspire millions, and they can inspire you with this dramatic puzzle. Earth life spills out from the sea, the mountains and the air, they run across the scene to where the swirling mysteries of the Cosmos and the ruins of humankind's past long downed, await them. Life in all its shapes and sizes, is a puzzle. Sometimes, not all the time, but sometimes, you see how all the pieces fit. Classify each object or animal by color and learn the different colors: red, blue, green, yellow, orange and purple. The Baby Educa Collection stimulates children’s attention and develops their motor skills, curiosity and imagination. 24 Piece Puzzle. Match each animal with its habitat. For ages 2 and up. Make your own ice cream with this adorable little penguin, named Pingloo! Quick, easy and clean. Start by putting in ice cubes and salt in the lower part, next add your liquid flavor (orange juice, chocolate milk... whatever you want!), then shake shake shake, and it's ready to serve! A map of the world rendered in antique style and color, framed above and below with national flags of countries. Fine detailed finishing with hand painted parts. 54 detachable organs and body parts. A transparent cutaway design shows inner organ details. 15 inches. 1:25 Scale. Includes display platform and illustrated guidebook. Ages 14 and up. The Great White Shark first swam Earth's waters 16 million years ago and evolution has not changed it. See the inner workings of the planet's most perfect predator in the safety of your own home with this model. This 4D animal anatomy model has a transparent cutaway to show internal structures. 20 fully detachable organs and body parts. 13 1/4" tall. Built with the same high quality as the standard 4D Tyrannosaurus, but with a few differences. The deluxe version has a smaller cut away transparency so the display size looks more realistic, and it comes with more bones and organs for more detailed insides! The model has a transparent cutaway to show internal structures. 22" tall. Ages 8 and up. Its name means "swift thief" and Velociraptor was just that. Opportunists to the bone. They were not the biggest, or the fastest, or even the smartest dinosaurs out there, and yet somehow, these fierce little fighters terrorized prehistoric Mongolia in the Cretaceous period. The model has a transparent cutaway to show internal structures. 20" tall. Ages 8 and up. Highly detailed assembly kits are educational and collectible. Quality finished with hand painted parts. Includes a display platform and illustrated guidebook. 5-1/2" tall. Age 8 and up. Often fear trumps fascination, when face to face with a tarantula, but these arachnids are unlike any other in many ways. They can regenerate lost legs, they rarely attack or bite people and females can live up to 30 years. Find out more, with this insightful model. This 4D animal anatomy model has a transparent cutaway to show internal structures. 33 fully detachable organs and body parts. 12-5/8" in length. The Emperor Scorpion hails from the rainforests and savannas of West Africa. These arachnids are one of the largest scorpion species growing up to 8" in length. This detailed model has a transparent cutaway showing the internal structure with 29 fully detachable organs and body parts. 12" in length. The largest of all the rhinoceros beetles, the South American Hercules Beetle can lift 850 times its weight and can grow to almost 7 inches. This 4D animal anatomy model has a transparent cutaway to show internal structures. 22 fully detachable organs and body parts. 12-3/4" in length. Highly detailed assembly kits are educational and collectible. Quality finished with hand painted parts. Includes a display platform and illustrated guidebook. 8-3/4" in length. Age 8 and up. The big cat with stripes has always been a favorite of zoos and circuses, but a tiger is only a true tiger in the wild! Accurately modeled cutaway animal anatomy figure features 28 fully detachable organs and body parts. 11-1/2" in length. One of the worlds tallest mammals, giraffes have always been popular with kids and adults all over the world, because they're just so crazy looking! This 4D animal anatomy model has a transparent cutaway to show internal structures. 27 fully detachable organs and body parts. 14-1/2" tall. Orcas, like all whales, are majestic and beautiful. But orcas are different. They are called killer whales for a good reason. This 4D animal anatomy model has a transparent cutaway to show internal structures. 16 fully detachable organs and body parts. 12-1/2" long. Did you know Dolphins can hold their breath for up to 30 minutes? There are a lot of fun facts about these intelligent and emotional mammals; learn them with this 4D Vision model. The animal anatomy model has a transparent cutaway to show internal structures. 18 fully detachable organs and body parts. 12-1/2" long. Crocodiles are an ancient species that haunted murky riverbanks alongside dinosaurs and giant arthropods more than 65 million years ago. This 4D animal anatomy model has a transparent cutaway to show internal structures. 26 fully detachable organs and body parts. 15" long. Humankind's first domesticated animal, dogs have co-evolved alongside us for the better part of 30,000 to 40,000 years. This model has a transparent cutaway to show internal structures. 18 fully detachable organs and body parts. 10.5" long. Age 8 and up. Not many animals today existed along side the dinosaurs, but frogs certainly did. This 4D animal anatomy model has a transparent cutaway to show internal structures. 17 fully detachable organs and body parts. 8" long. Horses are the most romantic of all domesticated animals. They are a symbol of virility and freedom. This 4D animal anatomy model has a transparent cutaway to show internal organs and structures. 26 fully detachable organ and body parts. 7-1/4" tall. We've worshiped them over the years, we've eaten them, we drink their milk and wear their leather, too. Our world wouldn't be the same without them. Model has a transparent cutaway to show internal organs and structures. 29 fully detachable organ and body parts. 6 1/2" tall. Pigs have an amazing sense of smell and are extremely adaptable. But evolution gave them another edge, and they have since crossed oceans and populate every continent because of it: their delicious, delicious meat. Model has a transparent cutaway to show internal organs and structures. 19 fully detachable organ and body parts. 6 1/2" tall. Domestic Red Junglefowl, also known as the common Chicken, originates from Asia, in the jungles of India and China. This 4D animal anatomy model has a transparent cutaway to show internal organs and structures. 32 fully detachable organ and body parts. 6-1/2" tall. The brown bear is the most common bear in the northern hemisphere, and populates North America, Europe and Northern Asia. Model has a transparent cutaway to show internal organs and structure. 36 fully detachable organ and body parts. These seal-eating, ice-floating, hollow-haired bears are a favorite among kids and have amazed us for decades. They are the world's largest bears and also the most sensitive. Model has a transparent cutaway to show internal organs and structure. 36 fully detachable organ and body parts.	2019-04-22T12:59:22	https://www.toyandgamewarehouse.com/SearchResults.asp?Search=educa&Submit=
0.998868	What are the best batteries for the money? My brother wants to build a new solar system in Puerto Rico. I was wondering what type of batteries are the best. The last I heard 6 volt golf cart batteries are the best because they have thicker longer lasting plates. He's is thinking about 25 hundred watt system at 24 volts. Is there a good brand name out there for lead acid batteries? There may appear to be many brands of batteries but in reality the number is limited, well known premium brands will generally cost more, offer longer warranty with customer support, lower cost batteries sold under store labels are probably manufactured by one or more companies and some names like "Interstate Batteries" are just marketers of batteries made by others, Johnson Controls in this example. The thickness of the plates will largely be reflected in the weight, buying premium for the first install may not be the best choice because often they fall due to overestimated expectations and lack of understanding, just an opinion of course. Below is an excerpt from a website which may be of assistance. When we bought our place the sysytem was in place so I embarked on a learing curve. My battery experience: Golf cart 6 volt FLAs that the owner had wedged into an interior closet. Luckily, in hindsight, got hit by lightning and it brought out all kinds of weaknesses in the system. Replaced and repositioned the bank, bought 4 Lifeline 12 volt AGMS which I used for 10 years. They were still going strong but I figured they were near their end. After some research and experience I went with 4 Lifeline GPL16 6 volt 400ah AGMs and that was my battery journey so far. Lifelines are more expensive than most competitors but their specs are robust. The absolute best battery you can get is the one that is locally sold and backed-up by a reliable local seller! If this is his first time at solar... Golf Cart Batteries are a great training set. Pretty forgiving, and if he kills the first set (over discharging, too much loads with too few solar panels, forget and leave loads on during bad weather/kids visiting and leaving everything on, etc.), they are relatively cheap to replace (many of us have killed our first battery bank or two). Measuring/understand his loads is important (as is having no shade/power lines/trees that prevent full sun from hitting the array). If he wants to run a refrigerator, that is really the dividing line between a small and cheap system (something like 1,000 WH per day), and a medium size system that supplies ~3,300 WattHours per day or more. A 2,500 Watt system does not really tell us how big the battery bank. What is needed is the WattHours per day energy usage to design the battery bank. And will he have a backup genset (for bad weather, if he needs more power for tools to repair his home, etc.)? Doing paper/back of the envelope designs is cheap. Building out a system that does not meet his needs (or the parts don't work well together)--Expensive. Thanks so much. That's a lot of information. I take it 6volt GC batteries are not necessarily better. I will have to get with him to decide how many WH per day he needs. My system has 15 hundred watts of solar and I have 8- 12 volt everlast dc29 max's, they are made by Johnson. maintenance free from Walmart running at 24 volts with a 2 year warranty. It says 114 ah each. I paid $99 each they weigh 65 lbs. I see a Lifeling gpl 31T 12 volt battery 105 ah weighing 69 lbs for $398 with a 1 year warranty. Which is the better deal? In protecting my batteries for longevity I calculate the amount of charge I have at night before I go to bed. If the voltage is 25 or higher I seem to be fine in the morning running above 24.2 or higher. I run a fridge and ceiling fan during the night. I have noticed at time it reads a little below 24.2 but when the fridge cuts off it will go back up to read 24.3 or so. It is my understanding that the best soc reading is under no load with no sun is that correct. 24.2 should be 50 percent which is as low as I want to go. Would someone weigh in on this for me? I do not use to much during the day and voltage usually runs up to 30 or 31.3 and moves into float for a while each day excluding full clouded days. I was told I might expect 8 years out of the batteries. I check from time to time with a hydrometer. But the reading I am talking about comes from the epever 60 amp mppt controller. It states the battery voltage present, high, and low for the day. I thought I read a chart that approximated the life of batteries with the daily state of discharge. I believe it said if you don't go below 50% daily you could get 8 years. What is your opinion of how low is safe? How do I prevent an unbalanced string? Batteries will likely be warmish in Puerto Rico. Typical battery life is 4-8 years. In a warm environment, I'd expect closer to 3-6 years. Warranties are nice but we all pay for the yahoo's who murder their batteries then cash in on the warranty. Plus warranties are not always backed. Pretty easy choice here. Golf cart batteries likely offer the biggest bang for the buck. Especially for the newbie. > How do I prevent an unbalanced string? Wiring such that all battery resistances are equal, and checking the parallel connection from each battery/string periodically with a clamp-on DC (not AC) meter while charging in bulk. With 8 x 12v batteries, you presumably have 4 pairs (series strings) in parallel, for ~450ah. Using GC 6v (~225ah) batteries, you would have 2 parallel strings of 4, for about the same capacity. Fewer strings in parallel is easier to keep balanced. Also, with 12v, you have 6 cells x 8 batteries = 48 cells total. With 6v GC, you'd have 3 cells x 8 batteries = 24, half as many to check and water. if you detect a bad cell (12V batt.) charge it separately overnight with a good charger and then do a REFESHING charge on the whole bank (see Life Lines recommendations for max voltage for AGMs) . NEVER do an EQ charge on AGMs! I set the ABSORB to the max for my aging AGM battery.. @blue said "check fron time to time with a hydrometer" so I assume flooded. The problem with using EQ to deal with a balance issue is the underlying issue remains. The EQ is hard on lower resistance strings to get high reststance strings fully charged. However, if you wanted to store 2x that amount of energy, you would use 2x 12 volt @ 110 AH batteries in parallel, or 2x 6 volt @ 220 AH in series. Why I like 2x 6 volt series configuration. You have 6 cells to check water levels on, and no balancing of current with parallel connections (and as you add more parallel connections, you really should use a fuse/breaker per parallel connection--More hardware and $$). Also it is very easy to see the health of each battery (6 volts across each battery). With 2x 12 volt batteries in parallel, both batteries have the same voltage and it is more difficult to do a quick sanity check on your bank. Note that the 12 volt @ 110 AH and 6 volt @ 220 AH batteries are pretty much the same size and weight. Temperature wise... Warm/hot batteries cut their life dramatically. The engineering equation is for every 10C (18F) increase in temperature, there is a factor of 1/2x less (aging) life (75F battery vs 93F, your 8 year bank would last ~4 years). So--If you can have batteries in a cooler/shaded room, or even in a cool basement--It can help a lot (proper ventilation and safety practices is important too). Again thanks so much. What a great simple explaination for balancing. I have method 2. Method 3 looks easy and worthwhile to achieve. 2 more wires and two posts to attach to. Not sure where to find the post. Must be called a battery terminal post? Thanks I understand the 6 volt reasoning now. Had never heard of 2 volt batteries before.it would take 12 to reach 24 volts. Not sure of availability in pr. Shipping is expensive. And that is the issue with batteries (particularly Lead Acid)--What is available and how much it costs at your location... Sometimes you have to make do with what you can get. In truth all lead acid battery/cells are roughly 2.1 volts. What is called a 6 volt or 12 volt 'battery' is actually a string of battery/cells each with it's own reservoir of electrolyte that must be checked independently of each other. The reason 6 volt 'batteries' have 3 caps and 12 volt 'batteries' have 6 caps. You might consider something like this. Very robust. > Again thanks so much. What a great simple explaination for balancing. I have method 2. Method 3 looks easy and worthwhile to achieve. 2 more wires and two posts to attach to. Not sure where to find the post. Must be called a battery terminal post? My "posts" (where the two equal length wires meet to parallel two strings of L16s) are just a bolt, washer, lock washer, and nut. It works fine for a couple of strings. With more than a couple, a flattened copper pipe with holes drilled could get the job done. 6v GC batteries are commonly used for boat house banks. If your brother is near marinas, etc. in PR, there is likely to be a supplier who gets them in bulk. "These hefty 4-post 3/8" studs busbars have 3 additional #8-32 screws for small connections," Is this really designed for ~4/0 cables? Whether or not we really need to use 4/0 is another topic. Even 2/0 is not far behind. Thanks busbar is the word I was looking for. Anybody want to take on the 50% soc issue. How low do you go? How do you calculate where your at? Am I right about the best reading being at night with no load ? I believe they would work. I have a pair. I bought them at the start when I thought I might get 8 6v batteries in 2 strings for my 24v system. I am also using 4/0 cable, and even though I never used them, it appears there would not be a problem. the voltage / amp spec of the busbar would be fine.	2019-04-26T03:52:30	https://forum.solar-electric.com/discussion/comment/388714
0.999973	Answer the following question using the links provided. Make sure you consider the primary links first. The secondary links can be used to further refine your answers. Question: In What Ways might you adapt your teaching/curriculum for the varied intelligences and learning styles of your students? Are the differences greater between ethnic groups, or among the members of ethnic groups? The answer is obvious, except to those without experience or blinded by racism. Differences are greater between people than among people - and the major ways that your students will differ from each other- and you from your colleagues - will be in styles of learning, thinking and teaching. Just as diversity is a strength in nature, so it is in learning and teaching. Use the links to build and expand your awareness of human variety and strengthen your capacity to deal with it.	2019-04-19T16:20:06	http://ozpk.tripod.com/diversity/unit_three.htm
0.999999	Amused to pieces by an Amazon review that complains about After Nature's support for democracy and asserts, "An authoritarian leader with a real commitment to solving these problems could be more effective," I decided to apply the benevolent authoritarian standard to a sample of reviews and commentary. Yelp review of new Thai restaurant: "I liked the drunken noodles, and the appetizers came out quickly; but the service showed a distinct lack of grit; I left still hungry for the feel of the iron fist within the velvet glove. Two stars." David Brooks column: Will you people please tell me how to live my life meaningfully, already? Have I mentioned that freedom is a burden? I’m giving you all two stars; no, three, because I’m still the friendly conservative. Focus-group review of Donald Trump’s campaign: Five stars.	2019-04-20T09:09:13	http://jedfieldwork.blogspot.com/2015/10/benevolent-authoritarian-reviews.html
0.999999	Please help improve it by adding dated informations, images and videos about California. Kit Carson - Mexican-American War - Carson was a courier and scout during the Mexican-American war from 1846 to 1848, celebrated for his rescue mission after the Battle of San Pasqual and his coast-to-coast journey from California to deliver news of the war to the U.S. government in Washington, D.C. Although California had entered the American union as a free state, the "loitering or orphaned Indians" were de facto enslaved by their new Anglo-American masters under the 1853 "Act for the Government and Protection of Indians" Tod Browning - He moved back to California in 1918 and produced two more films for Metro, "The Eyes of Mystery" and "Revenge" Woody Guthrie - A 1948 crash of a plane carrying 28 Mexican farm workers from Oakland, California, California, in deportation back to Mexico inspired Woody to write "Deportee " Jack Kerouac - While living with Snyder outside Mill Valley, California in 1956, Kerouac worked on a book centering around Snyder, which he considered calling "Visions of Gary" Fritz Leiber - Jonquil's death in 1969 precipitated a move to San Francisco , California, and three years as a drunk, but he returned to his original form with a fantasy novel set in modern-day San Francisco, "Our Lady of Darkness"	2019-04-24T22:11:30	http://www.saciol.com/o/g/california
0.999995	Explain how minerals are identified using tests for the physical properties of hardness, color, luster, cleavage, and streak. Classify rocks as metamorphic, sedimentary or igneous based on their composition, how they are formed and the processes that create them. Compare Native American tribes in Florida. Solve division of a multi-digit number by a one-digit number using a variety of strategies. Apply the area formula (A = lw) in real world and mathematical situations. Explain how two or more numbers relate to each other within an equation. Create a balanced equation by comparing two sides of an equation. Determine the unknown value to create a balanced equation. Identify the physical properties of common earth-forming minerals, including hardness, color, luster, cleavage, and streak color. Investigate and record the physical properties of minerals using technology and tools when appropriate (for hardness you may use a glass plate or other minerals; for streak color you may use a streak plate or unglazed tile). Explain that investigations of minerals do not always follow the scientific method but do involve the use of observations and evidence. Compare observations made by other classmates explaining any differences in data. Compare minerals based on physical properties. Explain the role of minerals (clay, quartz, feldspar, calcite, talc, pyrite, graphite, and mica) and their importance in rock formation (i.e.: 2 or more minerals make up a rock).	2019-04-25T02:51:15	http://ivyhawnschool.org/classroom-connect/fourth-grade/brackney-b/quarter-1-week-8-oct-1-5/
0.998772	I need to find the power of 10 to multiply a number by so that it is an integer. I'm trying to find the right power of 10 to multiply by, so that there are no numbers past the decimal. For example, for 3.28, it would be 100, to change it to 328. What would be the simplest way to do this? where N is your number. Also, you can use the 10^( token rather than typing it out. Would a repeat loop be faster? It would probably be much slower. This is probably suboptimal but I can't think of a better routine. The reason I need this is so I can make a one line fraction to decimal converter. I just have to multiply the number by 10^(number of digits past decimal), and then find the gcd of that and 10^(number of digits past decimal), and divide both by the gcd. Would there be a simpler way of doing this? This will not work as a decimal to fraction converter for any fraction whose denominator contains prime factors other than 2 or 5; in other words any repeating decimal. For example, 1/6 is .16666666666666 (maybe it ends with a 7? Doesn't matter.) in the calculator's memory, but trying to find the gcd of 16666666666666 and 100000000000000 will give you an error because the numbers are too big, and even if it didn't it would give you a wrong answer. I know the decimal to fraction converter that uses the Euclidean algorithm avoids this by testing for E-9, instead of 0, but IDK if that would be possible here. The only other way i could think of is to use the method of converting a repeating decimal to fraction using infinite geometric series, but that'll be a bit rough trying to find the right repeating pattern.	2019-04-23T00:25:53	http://tibasicdev.wikidot.com/forum/t-1202265/find-the-number-of-digits-past-the-decimal-without-loops
0.999956	FRUSTRATED: Jake Hall is still in a Marbella hospital some five days after the incident. A TRIO of Brits have been questioned by Spanish police after someone who claimed they were involved in the stabbing of The Only Way Is Essex star Jake Hall in a Marbella nightclub on Monday May 30 invited them to a beach bar. Mr Hall almost lost a kidney as he was rushed to hospital by friends, after being gored with a broken champagne bottle by a gang of hooligans from London. Police arrived at the scene shortly after but were not aware that someone had been stabbed until later in the day.	2019-04-23T16:33:24	https://www.euroweeklynews.com/2016/06/03/towie-star-uncooperative-as-police-speak-to-british-men-over-alleged-marbella-knifing/
0.999564	In such kinds of questions one question is given and two statements are given . Our answer is first if only by first statement we can get the answer . Our answer is 2 if only by second statement we can get the answer . it is three if both are required . forth if any of them is required and fifth if by none of the we cannot get the answer . a)Manik is the only son of nishaâ€™s mother in law . b). Ritu is manikâ€™s only sister only. 2)What is the color of fresh grass ? 1. Blue is called green , red is called orange , orange is called yellow . 2. Yellow is called white , white is called black and green is called brown and brown is called purple . Solution â€“ Answer is II as green is called brown so fresh grass is brown . 3 . Among D F J P and A who reached office last ? a) F and J reached office together . Solution â€“ both the statements are required for getting thr answer . We come to know that D and P only reach before J and F so A reached after J and F so he reached at last . 4.What does ta mean in a code language ? 1. Pa ja ta means in a code language ? a) Pa ta ja means over and above in the code language . b ) ho ka pa means come over here in the code language . Solution â€“ Clearly to fine the code for ta we need to know the either only ta or both pa and ja common in I and II together it is not sufficient to answer the question even with the both statements . 5.In a row of five children A , B C, D and E who is standing in the middle ? a) D is to the immediate right of E and B is to the immediate left of E . b) B is at the extreme left of the row . Solution â€“ As at left of E there is B and in right side it is D and B is at the Extreme Left so others two will be after D so D will be in the middle and we come to know about it with the help of both the statement .	2019-04-21T14:02:21	http://gyandaata.com/notes/maths/reasoning-data-sufficiency/
0.999986	Order them from your authorized. Peterbilt 379 Logging Truck with Whit- Log Trailer. Plex repair work, you' ll need the Peterbilt Maintenance manuals. Trucking questions that have been asked since we have been here giving answers insight about trucking jobs the lifestyle of trucker. For 1” & 2” Outset Wide Base Tractor And Trailer Wheels Aero Mirror Stainless with Window RW1043* Aero Mirror Stainless RW1042* Aero Clear RW1050* Aero Black RW1052* For 0” Offset ( ZO) Wide Base Tractor Wheels Aero ZO Mirror Stainless with Window RW1043Z* Aero ZO Satin Stainless with Window RW1041Z* Aero ZO Mirror Stainless RW1042Z* Aero ZO Satin Stainless RW1040Z* * See price list for. The Pro- Link Graphic iQ replaces the older Pro- Link Graphic ( ). There will be times when you need to take this manual out. While there might be products out there that perform specific cleaning tasks a tad bit better, the Lucas Fuel Treatment. 2006 peterbilt 379 owners manual. Coiled suspension systems are far easier to repair and last longer than air suspension systems. Trucks for Sale: F250 New Hydra Bed Ford F250. Results 1 - 25 of 38. Engine: Detroit Transmission: Eaton Manual Wheel Base: 188 Rear Axle: 38000. 165, 000 HWY Miles. A great place for research to learn if you are compatible for becoming a truck driver or how to make trucking a successful een ranking One of the most recognized environmental performance assessments of the world’ s largest publicly traded companies. Description: Peterbilt 379 Ext. 13 Speed Manual · 15 Speed Manual · 18 Speed Manual. PETERBILT 379 Cab. This is my new Peterbilt 379 475HP C15 CAT Follow Me on Twitter: https: / / / #! Savoy' s S M S Inc Parts & Service. Find operator' s manuals other important reference information including body builder. Buy peterbilt 387 peterbilt 335, 1997 peterbilt 379, peterbilt 388, peterbilt 379, peterbilt 367, peterbilt 379, peterbilt 357, peterbilt 379, peterbilt 379, peterbilt 337, peterbilt 386, 1997 peterbilt 378, peterbilt 387, peterbilt 335, peterbilt 378, 1993 peterbilt 379, peterbilt 379, 1998 peterbilt 357 . If I had to summarize this Lucas Fuel Treatment review in a single sentence, it would be this: This stuff just doesn’ t mess around. Peterbilt Heavy Duty Truck Repair Manuals Scan Tool Diagnostic Software. Interior manual windows, heated mirrors, stainless visor, wired for 60 series with eaton manual trans . Arguably one of the best products on the market, this Lucas Oil upper cylinder lubricant works wonders with your fuel injection system. Peterbilt 379 Owner Operator Manual. 2006 peterbilt 379 owners manual. Typical parts to repair a side impact accident, CHEVROLET W3500. 379 Shop Service Repair Manual. Find an operator manual brochure , body shop book any other reference material for Peterbilt trucks. Description: PETERBILT 357 TRI AXLE ALUMINUM DUMP TRUCK CAT, C15, 664K MILES ON ODO . CAT C15 Jake Brake . 2006 peterbilt 379 owners manual. Contact Customer Service with feedback or to request sults 1 - 48 of 130. New HB3200 Hydra Bed Can install Hydra Flaker Feeder. 0 ( zero) = Glider Kit. CAB W/ NO SLEEPER PETE 379 VIN # 1XP5DB9X56N894738. Owner- operators Robert Kathy Cass bought their Peterbilt 379 in to be an everyday work truck, but shortly after they bought it . Hood 70” Ultra Sleeper, 475 h. Peterbilt 379 Chassis Family Wiring Diagram ( w/ Cummins ISX & Signature Engines. / AT4L Follow me on Facebook:. American Truck Parts, Inc Cab PETERBILT 379. Peterbilt 335 bucket boom truck with cummins isc turbo diesel engine and 6 speed manual transmission with only 96k miles. has altec, model aa755 boom! New and used working trucks for sale on Ranch World Ads. Find the perfect truck in our ranch classified system. New Products at RealWheels Twist & Lock Aero Covers Twist & Lock Aero Covers provide you with a great appearance, fuel savings, plus easy- on install and easy- off removal. If I had to summarize this Lucas Fuel Treatment review in a single sentence, it would be this: This stuff just doesn’ t mess around. Arguably one of the best products on the market, this Lucas Oil upper cylinder lubricant works wonders with your fuel injection system. While there might be products out there that perform specific cleaning tasks a tad bit better, the Lucas Fuel Treatment. Trucking questions that have been asked since we have been here giving answers and insight about trucking jobs and the lifestyle of trucker.	2019-04-20T18:58:41	http://wwebb.info/news.php?subaction=showfull&id=39798
0.999784	PORTLAND, Ore. (AP) - A woman who took part in a Pacific Northwest killing rampage fueled by white supremacist beliefs apologized for her actions, but not her views. Holly Grigsby, 27, was sentenced Tuesday to life in prison with no chance for release. She apologized in federal court to friends and relatives of the victims. Grigsby said she realized any explanation for her actions, such as her drug addiction, would come across as an excuse, "or make it feel like I'm rationalizing my own insane behavior." But Grigsby expressed no regret for white supremacist beliefs, only the affect her crimes would have on their public perception. "My actions have further damaged the reputation of a movement misunderstood," she said "I deeply regret this." Grigsby and her boyfriend - David "Joey" Pedersen - were arrested in 2011 following the deaths of four people: Pedersen's father and stepmother in Everett, Washington, an Oregon teenager and a California man. Grigsby pleaded guilty in March to racketeering charges connected to the four killings, and the plea agreement called for a life sentence with no chance for release. Joey Pedersen has pleaded guilty to two counts of carjacking resulting in death - one for the death of teenager Cody Myers on the Oregon coast and the other for the killing of Reginald Clark in Eureka, California. He will be sentenced to life in prison at an Aug. 4 hearing in federal court. He previously pleaded guilty in Washington state court to murder in the slayings of David "Red" Pedersen and Leslie "Dee Dee" Pedersen and was sentenced to life in prison. Dee Dee Pedersen's daughter, Lori Nemitz, told Grigsby in court that the murders were heinous and "beyond cruel," and made no sense since Grigsby had been welcomed into the home as family. "I hugged you for God's sake," Nemitz said. Pedersen is the founder of a white supremacist prison gang, and he told Grigsby about his desire to start a revolution with a killing rampage targeting Jewish leaders. It started on Sept. 26, 2011, when Joey Pedersen shot his father in the back of a head while the elder Pedersen was driving, authorities said. Red Pedersen moved and moaned for at least 30 minutes before dying, prosecutors said. Pedersen and Grigsby returned to the house. Dee Dee Pedersen was bound with duct tape, cut in the neck and left to bleed to death. "Animals are treated more humanely going to slaughter than your victims were," said Holly Perez, the daughter of Red Pedersen and sister of Joey Pedersen. The couple then drove Red Pedersen's vehicle south into Oregon, where they shot and killed 19-year-old Myers and stole his car, authorities said. They shot Myers, who was Christian, because his name sounded Jewish, according to court documents. Pedersen and Grigsby then headed to Northern California, where Clark, a 53-year-old black man, was shot to death. Grigsby and Pedersen were arrested Oct. 5, 2011, outside Yuba City, California, when a police officer spotted them in Myers' car. Grigsby told officers they were on their way to Sacramento to "kill more Jews,'" court documents said. Prosecutors said Grigsby has been a white supremacist since her early teens, and did not fall under Pedersen's spell.	2019-04-20T04:37:51	https://www.aol.com/article/2014/07/15/woman-gets-life-for-northwest-crime-rampage/20931669/
0.999902	A police officer in a protected suit near the scene where Sergei and Yulia Skripal collapsed in Salisbury. The Organisation for the Protection of Chemical Weapons has published analysis supporting the UK in accusing Russia over poisoning ex-spy Sergei Skripal. The OPCW confirmed UK military scientists who identified the chemical used as a Novichok nerve agent. They did not explicitly blame Russia for the attack, but the analysis bolsters the UK's conclusion that Moscow is to blame. Britain argues that only Russia is capable of producing and deploying this particular chemical, based on its own classified intelligence. The US and around 20 other nations also support the UK's conclusions. Independent chemical weapons inspectors have produced evidence bolstering the UK's claim that Russia was behind the poisoning of a former spy and his daughter. The Organisation for the Protection of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) released analysis on Thursday supporting the conclusion of British military scientists that a Russian-made nerve agent was used on Sergei and Yulia Skripal in Salisbury last month. Their report concluded that "samples collected by the OPCW team confirm the findings of the United Kingdom." A portion of the report, with the crucial section highlighted. The UK has accused the Russian state of carrying out the attack, citing a combination of classified intelligence and chemical analysis. The OPCW did not state the origin of the nerve agent in its analysis — or mention Russia at all — because its focus was only the chemistry of the samples collected. However, their support of the British scientific analysis strengthens the overall case against Moscow. British intelligence has reportedly gone into far more detail, tracing the Novichok agent to a single, secretive military lab in southwestern Russia. The OPCW said: "The results of analysis by the OPCW designated laboratories of environmental and biomedical samples collected by the OPCW team confirm the findings of the United Kingdom relating to the identity of the toxic chemical that was used in Salisbury and severely injured three people." British Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson said on Thursday that the findings support the UK case. In a statement he said: "There can be no doubt what was used and there remains no alternative explanation about who was responsible — only Russia has the means, motive and record." The Foreign Secretary added that Britain had called a meeting with the OPCW next Wednesday to "discuss next steps." More than 20 countries joined Britain in blaming Russia for the attack, and expelled more than 120 Russian diplomats from their countries to retaliate. Russia has repeatedly denied its involvement in the attack and even pushed multiple contradictory theories to claim so. The OPCW collected samples at the site of the attack in Salisbury, as well as blood samples from the Skripals and Sergeant Nick Bailey, who was poisoned while responding to the attack. Russia's proposal to join the OPCW investigation was shot down last week. Aleksander Shulgin, Moscow's ambassador to the OPCW, said before losing the vote that the Kremlin would reject the outcome of the report regardless of what it said. "Today the international chemical weapons watchdog have confirmed the findings of the United Kingdom relating to the identity of the toxic chemical used in the attempted assassination of Mr Skripal and his daughter, and which also resulted in the hospitalisation of a British police officer. That was a military grade nerve agent - a Novichok. "This is based on testing in four independent, highly reputable laboratories around the world. All returned the same conclusive results. "There can be no doubt what was used and there remains no alternative explanation about who was responsible - only Russia has the means, motive and record. "We invited the OPCW to test these samples to ensure strict adherence to international chemical weapons protocols. We have never doubted the analysis of our scientists at Porton Down. "In the interest of transparency, and because unlike the Russians we have nothing to hide, we have asked the OPCW to publish the executive summary for all to see and to circulate the full report to all state parties of the OPCW, including Russia. "We will now work tirelessly with our partners to help stamp out the grotesque use of weapons of this kind and we have called a session of the OPCW Executive Council next Wednesday to discuss next steps. The Kremlin must give answers. "We must, as a world community, stand up for the rules based order which keeps us all safe. The use of weapons of this kind can never be justified, and must be ended."	2019-04-24T08:44:40	https://www.businessinsider.com/skripal-poisoning-opcw-bolsters-uk-assessment-that-russia-to-blame-2018-4?r=UK
0.999574	Julian Assange, founder of Wikileaks, perhaps the online community’s most well-known ‘whistle blower’ website, is currently under house arrest and awaiting extradition to Sweden for alleged sexual offences. Wikileaks has revealed previously secret details about the workings of the Church of Scientology, civilian casualties in Iraq and Afghanistan, and unflattering discussions between diplomats about foreign leaders. To some, Assange is a hero, to others a criminal. For example, in 2009 he received an award from Amnesty International. However, a number of US politicians have asked for his arrest, with one -- former presidential candidate Mike Huckabee – even claiming Assange should be executed for treason. How do we put such opposing viewpoints into historical context? Perhaps there are lessons to be learned from a previous whistleblower controversy. - President John F. Kennedy’s role in the overthrow and assassination of South Vietnamese head-of-state, Ngo Dinh Diem. - The US’s secret bombing of Cambodia and Laos. - The US had doubts if the ‘Domino Effect’ -- the underlying reason for the Vietnam War -- applied to Vietnam at all. - That President Johnson had lied persistently to the American people about the scale and scope of the war. - That American and Vietnamese civilian casualties were much higher than those reported by the US media. - That the war was still being fought not to keep South Vietnam ‘free’, but to avoid a US humiliation. The ‘Pentagon Papers’, as they came to be known, was a 7000-page history of the Vietnam War, originally commissioned by Defense Secretary Robert McNamara, and completed in 1968. These documents were meant to be seen only by senior Department of Defense staff, and by members of the Johnson administration. Ellsberg had worked for McNamara as a policy advisor and was originally a supporter of the war. However, by the end of the 1960s he had become an antiwar activist, convinced that individuals had a moral duty to oppose immoral actions, even if it meant imprisonment. After failing to convince senior politicians such as William Fulbright and George McGovern to release the documents, Ellsberg contacted the New York Times, which began publishing excerpts in June 1971. The full weight of the state was brought to bear on Ellsberg. A warrant was issued for his arrest for alleged espionage. Nixon administration employees burgled Ellsberg’s psychiatrist, hoping to find something incriminating against him. They also secretly recorded his phone calls. These illegal acts were revealed at Ellsberg and Russo’s trial, and both were found not guilty of theft, conspiracy and espionage. If it wasn’t for Ellsberg’s moral decision to oppose what he saw as an immoral war, we probably never would have known about the duplicity and illegal behaviour of three US administrations, and in particular, the myth of Kennedy’s ‘Camelot’ administration might not have been exposed. The verdict of history therefore seems to vindicate Ellsberg’s actions. I wonder, 40 years from now, will we view Julian Assange’s whistle blowing in the same light. Dr. Brian Ireland has written a short article for 2000AD about the epic Judge Dredd story 'The Cursed Earth'. Brian is writing a book about movement and mobility in the United States, and is particularly interested in the road genre in cinema, literature and music. In this short article, Brian discusses the Cursed Earth story in the context of road genre films and novels, and focuses on the recurring plot theme contrasting urban and rural America -- the city versus the frontier motif. The article is scheduled to appear in 2000AD Prog 1659 (on sale 28 October). A longer academic article by Brian, entitled 'Errand into the Wilderness: The Cursed Earth as Apocalyptic Road Narrative', has been accepted for publication by the Journal of American Studies (Cambridge).	2019-04-24T08:51:39	http://feedjack.glam.ac.uk/glamblogs/user/170/tag/american%20studies/
0.998714	'Glee' Star James Earl Joins 'Scream Queens' Season 2, But Who Will He Play? Glee fans, good news: One of your faves from the show is heading to another one of Ryan Murphy's excellent shows. Specifically, Glee star James Earl is joining Scream Queens! His casting will undoubtedly come as a pleasant surprise Glee fans — Earl played Azimio Adams on the show, a member of the Titans whose favorite hobby was bullying the New Directions and other students. In Scream Queens, Earl will be playing one of the male leads, and according to Entertainment Weekly, he "will play a character named Candy Striper." This sounds creepy unless you're aware that the second season of the camp horror show will be set in a hospital owned by the never-not-entertaining Dean Munch. It also suggests that showrunner Murphy's good at looking out for his friends — having co-created Glee, he's clearly decided to skip the tedium of countless auditions by just casting stars he already knows can tackle the roles. I don't see any candy-stripes, and I know that his casual attire (Hawaiian shirt! Stained T-shirt!) is going to ensure he's on the receiving end of some knife-sharp one-liners from Emma Robert's character, Queen of Mean Chanel Oberlin. So who is he? I'm guessing he's linked to the hospital by a horrific incident in his past — because that's kind of Scream Queens' jam, right? And given that Ryan Murphy worked with him on Glee and knows what sort of behavior the Glee audience will associate with him, I'd say there's a fair chance he's going to be a villain, especially given his serious, challenging stare into the viewer's eyes. Compare and contrast with Stamos' announcement (unfortunately, we can't do the same with the Lautner cast announcement, as it was published minus a picture). Stamos is placed in profile and has a not-unattractive half-smirk while he gazes broodingly into the middle distance. I theorize he'll be filling the role Oliver Hudson (who played Wes Gardner) performed last time round — Hot, Older Love Interest. Obviously it's pure speculation at this point, but it's just fueling my need for Scream Queens Season 2 — it's been way too long since we got to witness Chanel Oberlin reduce someone to tears with her words. I can't wait to see James Earl III and the rest of the Scream Queens VIPs on the small screen come Sept. 20 — mark the date on your calendar.	2019-04-24T20:39:23	https://www.bustle.com/articles/169043-glee-star-james-earl-joins-scream-queens-season-2-but-who-will-he-play
0.999704	Especially the large overarching fear of losing control? Hey, I have a constant fear of losing control. I need reassurance that I am not.? Ageing and getting frail with overarching fear of losing control. Can it cause mental changes? How do I get over a fear of losing control? How do I get over a fear of losing control of my life due to chances taken by my child? Dp or anxiety/panic fear of losing control? Please re-type this: The question is not comprehensible. Dp anxiety/panic fear of losing control of body? Fear of losing control as I age and face financial problems? Dream of being in back seat of careening car = fear of losing control? Fear of losing control over man-child as he gets independent in college? How do I get over my irrational fear of losing control even when im not mad? Hey, I have a constant fear of losing control or going crazy. I need reassurance that I am not.? Help anxiety/panic/fear of losing control of body? How do I get over my irrational fear of losing control even when im not the one at risk, my elderly parent is? Got of lexapro (escitalopram) and therapy a year ago struggling with my fear of dying. Found a lump in neck 3 weeks ago by vein now losing control. What do I do? I have trouble making decisions and I panic a lot about losing control? I'm wondering how to control my 'fear of losing everything'? What happens when anxiety goes untreated? Too scared to take medicine, i Google everything. Anxiety is taking over my life. im losing control. What is fear of water? What is fear of embarrassment? What is fear of gaining weight? What is fear of being watched? What is fear of humiliation?	2019-04-23T22:40:40	https://www.healthtap.com/topics/what-is-fear-of-losing-control
0.99851	Starbucks has leaned on technology to make its stores operate more efficiently. Because the chain's cafes have only so much space for registers and production, the company has lessened its lines by allowing customers to order and pay through its app. Mobile Order & Pay, which is part of the chain's app, allows consumers to bypass the line, which lets the store put more of the people behind the counter into making drinks, preparing food, and otherwise serving customers. It's an elegant solution that should lead to a higher capacity for sales in each location. It also has a side benefit of visually reducing the amount of people in line which might make stopping more attractive for a casual customer. Starbucks coffee rival, Dunkin' Brands also has a Dunkin' Donuts app customers can use to pay at the register, but it doesn't offer mobile ordering. It's possible that the company will add that feature soon, but before it does, it's trying a low-tech solution -- two variations on grab-and-go kiosks -- to increase its ability to serve more customers faster. What is Dunkin' doing?Like Starbucks, Dunkin' Donuts wants to make its stores more efficient so it can move people through faster. That creates a better customer experience, and it allows each location to do more business. The chain also wants to get people to spend more without pushing them into ordering more hard-to-make drinks or made-to-order sandwiches. Instead of using a technology-based solution to do this, the coffee-and-doughnuts chain has begun testing self-serve kiosks at some of its locations, Nation's Restaurant News reported. The website cited Stephen Anderson, an analyst with Maxim Group, who wrote about the kiosks, which contain sandwiches and other prepared items including an Italian sub for $5.49 or a fruit-and-cheese platter for $6.29. In addition to the kiosks that feature lunch items, the chain also has a version of the concept at Connecticut's Bradley Airport that offers self-serve doughnuts, baked goods, and even self-pour coffee. The kiosk, which sits next to a full-service location, lets people skip the often-long line at the main store and instead opt to pay at an alternative register. What happens next?Dunkin' Donuts needs to keep up with Starbucks when it comes to keeping its lines moving. Grab-and-go lunch items may help slightly, but that seems like more of an effort to pump up checks with impulse buys than a move toward efficiency. The airport kiosk with the chain's most-popular items, however, seems like a very strong way to move people through faster. It's a low-tech answer to Starbucks that could increase customer satisfaction. The company could even enhance the convenience aspect by enabling kiosk payment through its app. There are some logistic problems with that, given the possibility for theft at a self-serve location (a problem that seems evident at the airport location, where walking away with a doughnut appears pretty easy). But it seems Dunkin' could solve those problems and add kiosks to its highest-volume stores, making lines shorter, and keeping old-school coffee-and-doughnuts customers happy. The article Can Low-Tech Grab-and-Go Help Dunkin' Brands to Counter Starbucks' App? originally appeared on Fool.com. Daniel Kline has no position in any stocks mentioned. He has been that guy ordering complicated stuff for the whole office. The Motley Fool owns shares of and recommends Starbucks. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days. We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.	2019-04-23T22:34:04	https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/can-low-tech-grab-and-go-help-dunkin-brands-to-counter-starbucks-app
0.999621	Tom Bossert calls criticism of Trump pardoning Arpaio during hurricane "wrong" White House homeland security adviser Tom Bossert called Sen. Chuck Schumer's claim that President Trump hid his pardoning of former sheriff Joe Arpaio under reports of Hurricane Harvey "clearly wrong." "I think the president weighed the totality of the circumstances and the sheriff's history of service, both in the military and to the law enforcement community, and decided that the 80-something year old man with his history and record of service deserved clemency at this point," Bossert said Sunday on CBS News' "Face the Nation." "That was a very unique and personal decision the president took, and he made that decision on Friday night. I don't think that took up more than a minute of his time on Friday night," he added. Transcript: Tom Bossert on "Face the Nation" Senate Minority Leader Schumer tweeted Friday night that Mr. Trump used the "cover" of the storm to pardon Arpaio to "avoid scrutiny" for his actions, something he called "so sad, so weak." The pardon came Friday night, just before Harvey made landfall in Texas. Then he ran to Camp David. Bossert said Sunday that "clemency is within the body of law." "This is something that previous presidents have done. It's always quite controversial when this happens. There's legitimate questions, but at this point it's pretty straightforward," Bossert said. Since Harvey made landfall as a hurricane Friday, it has been downgraded to a tropical storm. Bossert said the focus should remain on saving lives as the days and weeks unfold. "Let's not lose our focus on how bad this still is. Some news coverage outlets, not yours, are reporting that this is being downgraded and it's less of an event, it's just a storm now. That's a mistake," Bossert told CBS News' Major Garrett. "What we're going to do is pay attention to this, watch the inland flooding unfold, make sure we take care of the people with their food, water, and shelter needs," he said. Bossert commended the work of Texas Gov. Greg Abbott, saying he has demonstrated "great leadership" in the face of the storm. He shot down criticism of the administration patting itself on the back prematurely, saying the federal government has provided "unprecedented" resources to those in need. "What Brock Long at FEMA did and myself and the president, we got together and, and reviewed that carefully, and decided on Friday night that the president would issue a major disaster before landfall. Now, what's important about that is it freed up federal resources, but it also freed up those federal resources for the individuals affected," said Bossert. Bossert said the federal government will typically provide money and assistance to local governments for initial aid, then award additional money to the individuals themselves as need presents itself. "What we did is said no, we're going to provide that- that assistance to the individuals as well. And any additional counties that require that assistance, as individuals or the- or the public, they'll get that and the FEMA director has the authority to add it," said Bossert. Meanwhile, Bossert said he's been in regular contact with Mr. Trump and Vice President Mike Pence since their initial briefings on Friday. "Yesterday we had a two hour-long almost conversation with his entire cabinet and all of his senior leadership team. The president was actively involved in that and making sure our operations were coordinated, unsticking any disagreements, of which there were none at this stage." Bossert said the response to the storm is now a relay race to providing the appropriate resources to those in need. "There's a lot of moving parts. So there's a lot of effort, but we have to unify that effort into one direction. And so what I'm worried about is that we don't drop the baton," Bossert said. He added,"All the resources are there, now let's make sure that we apply them in a way to help the people, and not worry about the governments."	2019-04-22T06:13:58	https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tom-bossert-calls-criticism-of-trump-pardoning-arpaio-during-hurricane-wrong/
0.999755	This Disney animated classic includes two features for the price of one. One is an adaptation of Washington Irving's &NFi;The Legend of Sleepy Hollow&NFi_;, while the other follows the shenanigans of Mr. Toad from &NFi;The Wind in the Willows&NFi_;. Parents need to know that there is some slapstick violence in the two tales. More extreme is the Headless Horseman's multiple attempts to behead Ichabod Crane with a sword. The horseman is never actually revealed to be the town bully in disguise, so some kids may find him quite terrifying. Characters smoke cigars and pipes. Cartoon weasels are shown passed-out drunk, with bottles and mugs by their sides. Characters hoist mugs of beer into the air before drinking. Occasional cartoon violence. Characters fire rifles and guns and throw knives, swords, and hatchets. The Headless Horseman attempts to behead Ichabod Crane with a sword multiple times. The horseman is never actually revealed to be the town bully in disguise, so some kids may find him quite terrifying. This movie encourages a love and appreciation for two classic works of literature. Characters smoke cigars and pipes. Cartoon weasels are shown passed-out drunk, with bottles and mugs by their sides. Characters hoist mugs of beer into the air before drinking.	2019-04-25T14:44:11	https://dvd.netflix.com/Movie/The-Adventures-of-Ichabod-and-Mr-Toad/60002850?dsrc=BLOG
0.99994	"中国" (China), literally "Middle Country" or "Middle Kingdom", probably acquired its affective meaning quite late in history. This means that the word was used as a pure geographical term for a long time in Chinese history, unlike a few other terms such as "华夏", or during the Tang dynasty "大唐" (Great Tang, 618-907 CE). Mention of the latter two subconsciously arouse an emotional sense of national pride among the contemporaries. Why does Faxian's book serve as evidence for lack of the affective sense of "中国" in early China? The word "中国" first occurred in the earliest book in Chinese history, 《尚书》 (Book of Documents)[note], which was compiled by Confucius (551–479 BC) and read and memorized by every pupil that could afford minimum education in ancient China. Monk Faxian definitely knew most if not all words in the book. But he used the word "中国" to denote the central area of today's Indian subcontinent, to be precise, to translate the Sanskrit word "Madhya-Des", paraphrased as "central territory" or "central kingdom" or "midland country" by various scholars, which existed during the Gupta period (approximately 320 to 550 CE). It's hard-pressed to imagine that Faxian would have chosen "中国" if it had already had acquired a sense beyond its literal meaning. If "中国" had been used dearly as words such as "夏" or later in history "大唐", Faxian would have considered a different character combination to translate the Sanskrit word, or perhaps added a translator's note if "中国" had to be used. More than a millennium later, 《四库全书总目》 (Annotated Catalog of the Complete Imperial Library, completed in 1798 by the Qing dynasty) criticized Faxian's word choice by saying that he "以天竺为中国，以中国为边地" ("considered India as the Middle Country and China as the frontier"; note the same word "中国" could mean both "Middle Country" and "China"). What we can read off of this critique is that the word "中国" had acquired its affective sense by the late 18th century. From now on, it's not to be used to mean just the middle part of some land, or any country in the middle of something larger. It uniquely refers to the Middle Country or the Middle Kingdom or China, with its rich culture and history. Yet two centuries later, it's our turn to criticize the editors of the imperial encyclopedia for their lack of the sense that one born later in history should only judge a historical figure from the historically contemporary perspective.	2019-04-22T04:33:17	http://yong321.freeshell.org/english4chinese/affective-meaning-of-china.html
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0.998628	Write a program that determines if an input number n is a Fibonacci number. Your task is to write a program that determines if a number is a Fibonacci number. When you are finished, you are welcome to read or run a suggested solution, or to post your own solution or discuss the exercise in the comments below. Here is my implementation in Julia (not the best implementation but, hey, it’s Friday). extension of F_n for n < 0. ;; This version works for x = F_n with n<0 as well. ;; "Fibonacci is a Square", The Fibonacci Quarterly, 10 (4): 417-19]. ;; extension to negative n). -- the Wikipedia article on Fibonacci numbers. In Ruby using simple method. r = fib?(n) ? "✅" : "❌"	2019-04-25T06:53:18	https://programmingpraxis.com/2018/04/20/recognizing-fibonacci-numbers/
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0.997809	WASHINGTON – With rare exceptions, congressional hearings are staid affairs, populated by septuagenarian legislators in bad suits and witnesses who dutifully recite their prepared statements. In other words, they're decidedly not-exciting places to spend your morning. Napster hopes to change all that. The increasingly imperiled firm hopes to transform file-swapping addicts into a new generation of political activists by encouraging everyone it can to show up at a "teach-in" at Catholic University and a hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee next week. To generate this kind of Million Geek March, Napster has created an Action Center inviting its subscribers to gather at the Union Station subway stop and march about four blocks to the Dirksen Senate Office Building. As a bonus, the company says, "the first 1,000 people to RSVP and come to the hearing will receive a free Napster T-shirt" as well as tickets to a concert at a local club. The only problem: There's only room for a mere 125 audience members in room 226 of the Dirksen Senate Office Building, the 1,600-square foot gathering spot for the Judiciary Committee's Online Entertainment and Copyright Law hearing next Tuesday at 10 a.m. "There's no way we can fit that many people in," an amused committee spokeswoman said about Napster's plans. Manus Cooney, a Napster vice president and lobbyist, says next week's festivities should be viewed as an opportunity for users to meet with their legislators, and not as a rally or march. "We're going to encourage people to talk with their members of Congress," Cooney said. "We want people to come to Washington and educate them.... All we're trying to do is educate (our users) about how the system works and get them involved." Napster founder Shawn Fanning is supposed to show up for Monday's teach-in, and Napster CEO Hank Barry is scheduled to testify on Tuesday. The rest of the witnesses are not finalized, but consumer groups and the recording industry are likely to be represented. "For politicians looking for an issue that resonates with the next generation of voters, this is a pretty good one," said Cooney, former chief counsel to the Senate Judiciary committee. "We see this as being fun. God forbid, someone says, 'Let's get involved. Let's go to Washington and have a good time.'" First, however, Napster has to get past the U.S. Capitol Police, who lack any sense of humor about protests – geek or other. The police say that any gathering of 20 or more people that wants to walk from Union Station to Capitol Hill must take a number and stand in line. "That's going to border on a demonstration activity," Lt. Dan Nichols of the Capitol Police said. "We're going to have to contact the organizers." Capitol police regulations restrict what kind of signs people can carry and the size of the signs. Complicating matters is that Union Station itself comes under the jurisdiction of the Amtrak police, the Napster-assembly area by the subway is patrolled by Metro Transit police, and city police are responsible for nearby Massachusetts Avenue. Says Nichols: "They need to apply for a permit. We'll process the permit and issue it. There are certain regulations they need to follow." Hollywood might well say the same thing. The Napster imbroglio stems from what music companies view as the company's willingness to countenance file-swapping in violation of U.S. copyright laws, and record labels are complaining that Napster has not complied with a court order requiring it to filter songs. Since Napster's future in the courts looks increasingly dim, the company is turning to Congress instead. Napster's Cooney likened the Napsterization of D.C. to the lobbying trips organized by nearly every other special-interest group or professional organization. The usual practice is for members of a group to arrive in Washington and receive "talking points" handouts and briefings from lobbyists to use when meeting with their legislators. "This is no different, in my view, from when there's an education bill being marked up and teachers come to town," Cooney said. Judiciary chairman Orrin Hatch (R-Utah) has expressed moderate support for Napster – but he has also said he does not want to rewrite copyright law, and it seems unlikely that a horde of Napsterites in the audience will change his mind. A Hatch spokeswoman said: "I'm not sure if they're going to move the hearing or not. Sometimes there's an overflow room." Another option would be the Caucus Room in the next-door Russell Senate office building, which at 3,600 square feet would be the largest possible meeting space. But even that room can only hold 350 spectators. "Oh, we can't accommodate that many people," said Lt. Nichols of the Capitol Police, about Napster's talk of thousands of attendees. He suggested they may rotate people through the back of the room, in the same way the Supreme Court does during well-attended sessions. It's tempting to see Napster's day in D.C. as an example of a free-wheeling company meeting unforeseen restrictions in Washington bureaucratelia, and there's some truth to that view. Even the company's well-intentioned offer of free tickets to the concert at the 9:30 Club to the first 1,000 users who show up at the hearing may get Napster in trouble. Says Nichols: "I'll have to look into that to see if there were any violations of rules."	2019-04-19T10:48:08	https://www.wired.com/2001/03/napsters-million-download-march/
0.999562	Recently, I've been thinking the idea of random. Thinking on this and as I believe in God. How can anything really be random? Saying an act is random means that no one in existence knows what will happen, but since God knows everything there can be no such thing as randomness because he would know. What do you think? Is it coincidence or something else? Einstein said that "God does not play dice" referring to the apparent oddness of quantum physics, but later Stephen Hawking said that not only does God throw dice, sometimes he throws them where nobody can see them. I do not believe in God, but I don't see why an omniscient being would not create randomness, even if only for his own amusement. I doubt randomness is possible if you believe in God. I don't, but I do believe that very little happens without a cause. If the universe is like a clockwork machine constructed and set going by God, then free will is an illusion and since everything is determined, the concept of sin becomes nonsense. If purpose is part of this universe, then randomness, by definition, is not possible. This is also one reason why some religious people are opposed to evolution, where, according to theory, (non-random) selection is applied to the results of random genetic variation. Donald Knuth, a computer scientist and Christian, believes that God is interested in people's decisions and limited free will allows a certain degree of decision making. Knuth, referring to quantum computing and entanglement, comments that God exerts control over the world without violating any laws of physics. He says that what appears to be random to humans may not, in fact, be so random. I agree and that's what I'm saying the concept of random doesn't make sense if everything has a purpose. If the universe is meant to accomplish something then everything in it is along for the ride and doing their part. I can understand some event happening that we don't expect but for it to be random I don't believe that. Personally I don't believe in God, and I think that to suppose that the universe has a "purpose" is a form of superstition, and I am not disturbed by or afraid of the idea of randomness. But that's just my view. Also I am not sure if you are using the word "random" correctly. Well what about purpose or aim. If randomness is without aim, then if we all live in a world with randomness then we live in an aimless world and all things are pointless since they are going nowhere. Silly me thinking Bohr eternally debunked Einstein's "god doesn't play dice". Randomness doesn't need to mean the same thing to god as it means to man. Just as infinity is beyond us, so are many other concepts. We think too highly of our own understanding. Just because we don't know it, don't mean it ain't so. Randomness is dependent on the position of the onlooker. There is a bag with 10 balls inside it, 5 black and 5 white, all identical in shape and size. If a person were to close their eyes and choose a ball out of the bag, and withdraw the ball, all the while keeping their eyes closed, they could say that the color of the ball in their hand is random. However, if a friend were to see the ball in their their friend's hand, which (let's just say) was white, they would be able to say that the color of the withdrawn ball was not random, for there is a one hundred percent chance that the ball is white. The original person however, could still say with just as much accuracy that the color of the ball in their own hand has a fifty percent chance of being black and a fifty percent chance of being white. If a god exists, the same would be true for him. For God, nothing is random, for he knows everything. But for us, the people with their eyes closed, randomness still exists.	2019-04-19T02:37:10	https://able2know.org/topic/160480-1
0.999998	This marble bust of Joseph Mitchell, by Alexander Munro, is on display in the Main Hall of Inverness Town House. The inscription reads 'Joseph Mitchell C.E of Viewhill. Presented by his son Very Reverend Dr Mitford Mitchell. 26 November 1883.'<br /> <br /> Joseph Mitchell was born in Forres in 1803. The family moved to Inverness in 1810 and Mitchell attended Inverness Royal Academy. He continued his studies in Aberdeen. In 1820 he went to work on the construction of the Caledonian Canal where he came to the attention of Thomas Telford, becoming his assistant.<br /> <br /> From 1824 until his retirement in 1867 Mitchell held the post of Inspector of Highland Roads and Bridges. He also acted as engineer for the Scottish Fisheries Board. He carried out surveys for the railways and was involved in the construction of much of the rail network in the Highlands including the Perth to Inverness line.<br /> <br /> Mitchell was the author of several books including 'Reminiscences of my Life in the Highlands'.<br /> <br /> He died at his London home on 26 November 1883.<br /> <br /> In recent years Mitchell's home in Inverness, Viewhill House, at the top of Castle Street, was used as a youth hostel. In October 2007, after lying empty for some time, it was severely damaged by fire.	2019-04-20T01:15:31	https://www.ambaile.org.uk/detail/en/396/1/EN396-joseph-mitchell/Am%20Baile.htm
0.99999	How long can you keep chicken breast in the freezer without it going bad? Can I still cook chicken breast that has been in the freezer for two weeks without consequence? yes it is still good. I think you can keep chicken frozen for few months or so. But no longer. Im picky about things like this. I usually use my chicken within days of buying it ( i freeze it after buying it of course). I cook a lot of chicken . I think you'd better through it out. It should have a use by date on the package. It will be good to cook, once its thawed thoroughly. If it stays below zero F, frozen food is safe to eat after 50 years or more. Some things will dry up or lose flavour after too long in the freezer, but none of them will do so in 2 weeks. So you bought it two weeks ago, froze the chicken, and now you want to thaw it out and eat it? Absolutely FINE! If you bought it two weeks ago, let it hang around for more than a few days in the fridge, and then frose it, that would still be as questionable as had you cooked it then. Freezing suspends the growth of bacteria. If the chicken was good when you froze it, you have a couple of months for it to still be good as long as it stays frozen,and it's in an airtight bag. thaw it slowly, by putting the bag in a bowl of room temperature water on the counter for about 1/2 and hour or better yet, put it in the fridge overnight. Freezing foods will preserve them (so no bacteria can proliferate, though the bacteria present when the food was frozen will remain). How well the foods were wrapped or contained will make the next-biggest difference but only in flavor and texture, not safety since the main problem then would be "freezer burn." That's a whitish dried-out area on foods, especially meats, caused by oxygen getting to the foods while frozen, and doesn't taste all that good. If foods have been vacuum sealed in a home unit like a Food Saver, they'll easily last a few years with all the flavor and freshness they went in with (and no freezer burn). At the other end of the spectrum, if they were wrapped loosely in plastic wrap or in most other materials, or thin ziptops and especially if not burped, they'll start getting freezer burn fairly soon. In-between methods may protect the foods better than that like putting in ziptop "freezer" quality bags then burping before closing completely, freezing in jars (with head space), etc. So the bottom line is that if your chicken was frozen while it was still safe to eat, it will still be safe to eat after removing from the freezer. If if was well wrapped, it also won't have freezer burn (especially after only 2 weeks). However, if it was 2 weeks old when you froze it, it would have been way past the usual safe period for meat in the fridge (3 days) and definitely wouldn't want to eat even though you'd frozen it at some point. That's why you freeze it! 2 weeks should be fine. If you keep it too long it may freezer burn, which you would notice when you unwrapped it. It would have weird looking white patches. Thaw your chicken in the refrigerator, not on the counter. Once frozen chicken is taken out of the freezer and placed in the refrigerator....? Is my chicken still good? How long before I see results from my change in workout and diet? Rottweiler Raw Diet Please help? I`m a vege.To become a vegan.?	2019-04-24T02:38:09	https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20170927191506AA556qc

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