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0.998508 | For most people this is a confusing passage of scripture, after all Paul sounds a little bit confused. At first glance it sounds as if the apostle Paul was struggling with sin. It sounds as if he is going back and forth trying to live holy and succumbing to the flesh. A lot of times we read this and conclude that if the Apostle Paul struggled daily with sin, then we are bound to struggle also ? Is this a fair assessment or was Paul really saying something entirely different?
If you remember back to Romans chapter 6, Paul made it very clear that our old self, or our sin nature was crucified with Christ upon the cross. "For we know that our old self was crucified with him so that the body of sin might be done away with, that we should no longer be slaves to sin- because anyone who has died has been freed from sin" ( Romans 6:6-7 ). Paul made it very clear that this was a one time event, dying to self is not something that we need to continue to do. When we are born again, we have died to the old nature. He spends the entire chapter talking about how we are freed of the sin nature so that we may live a new life in Christ. Even chapter 7 starts off using an illustration from marriage so that we will understand that we cannot have two nature, since we have died to the first, we are free to be joined to another.
It is important to understand, that we are freed from the old nature once for all. So, it doesn't make much sense to look at today's passage of scripture in light of the being bound to the old nature. Now evidence of the previous sin nature is still in operation in our lives when we are controlled by our fleshly desires. This nature will still try to influence and deceive us into believing it still has control over us. But this is just an illusion because Paul clearly teaches in Romans that we are freed from the sin nature in order to live according to the Spirit. When we are living by the spirit, then the previous sin nature has no influence on our being because we are not control by the dictates of the flesh.
So in light of this, what Paul is really saying in this passage, is that if we live out of the flesh or our desires and selfishness then the influence of the old nature is right there condemning us. Paul is saying that the sin principal will take over and rule even though we are completely free from it. Paul is using this as a contrast between living in the flesh as oppose to living by the Spirit. He is saying that when we try to live by the flesh then we are set up to fail. We will struggle with sin and be defeated by it even thought Jesus meant us to be completely free of it.
Many people use this passage of scripture to teach that we need to continually die to self in order to live a holy life. That is the opposite of what Paul is saying. Paul is saying that we need to live by the spirit and we will not struggle with sin. He is using this illustration to prove that without God it is impossible to live that way. However, in the next chapter he will teach in detail how to live in by the Spirit of God and how that manifests the holiness and righteousness that we currently possess in our born again spirits into the natural realm. "Therefore, brothers, we have an obligation-but it is not to the sinful nature, to live according to it. For if you live according to the sinful nature, you will die; but if by the Spirit you put to death the misdeeds of the body, you will live, because those who are led by the Spirit of God are sons of God" ( Romans 8:12-14 ). When we try to do it on our own, we fail. However when we do it through Jesus we succeed. Today, may you understand that you are free through the blood of Jesus. May you stop struggling with sin and start living by the Spirit of God, through whom you have access to unlimited grace, peace and love.
Original article published November 12, 2009. | 2019-04-24T14:49:20 | http://www.jcblog.net/romans/7/292-romans-715-17-who-controls-you |
0.998301 | Ahead of Nigeria's elections on 16 February, BBC Reality Check examines the competing claims over the security situation in the country.
In 2015, Boko Haram was ranked the world's deadliest terror group by the Institute for Economics and Peace.
The former Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo, who is supporting main opposition candidate, Atiku Abubakar, has strongly criticised President Muhammadu Buhari's record on tackling Boko Haram.
"The security situation has deteriorated, with kidnapping everywhere," said Mr Obasanjo in January.
But President Buhari's view of the security situation is very different. He says the militants have been "decimated" since 2015 in their stronghold of Borno State.
So what are the available facts regarding both attacks on civilians and on kidnappings? The Islamist militant group Boko Haram has been active in north-eastern Nigeria for well over a decade.
FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, OSELE, ABEOKUTA. | 2019-04-19T22:16:33 | https://www.penzazo.com/Blog-Details/Has-BOKO-HARAM-been-defeated/356 |
0.99299 | Will Kevin Spacey's House of Cards character be the one to kill off Stephen Colbert's alter ego?
Frank Underwood (Spacey) showed up on Wednesday night's Colbert Report to have a chat with the host, and to offer some advice on the ISIS situation in the Middle East.
"A dog doesn't need to show his teeth as long as his growl's deep enough, his food bowl is full and he knows where all the bones are buried," Underwood touted as he does many times on the Netflix show.
Colbert responded, "Wow. I have no f**king idea what that means, but I'll tell you -- that was menacingly homespun, sir."
The host then revealed that he planned to move to Washington D.C. after his show comes to an end in December, and the politician seemed to embrace the idea with open arms ...sorta.
"Just take the last train down, I'll meet you on the edge of the platform," he told Colbert. "For reasons of security, if anyone asks where you're going, just say 'to commit suicide.'" | 2019-04-25T14:19:33 | https://www.etonline.com/tv/150736_frank_underwood_from_house_of_cards_shows_up_on_colbert_report |
0.999999 | How do I change the battery without losing data?
The data in pack A: is held in RAM, which means that without electricity, the data will be lost (data on Datapacks and Rampacks will not be lost however). It is possible to swap batteries fast enough that there is enough charge to keep the data, but this is not 100% reliable (don't get paranoid: it works 99.9% ).
The best thing to do is to connect the organiser to a mains adapter while you carry out the switch.
Remove sliding case and battery cover.
Put the replacement battery as near as possible, and in the correct orientation (smaller plus pole closer to the organiser).
As quickly as possible flip out the old battery and insert the new one.
Be careful not to touch the ON key while you swap batteries, as this would force a cold boot.
If this happened while the battery was out, it would have the same effect as accidentally pressing the ON key.
The best thing to do if you need to change the battery without external backup of either power or data, is put the organiser ready with the covers open and a new battery with it, beside you during some quiet moment, and as soon as you hear that quiet click, wait a second, and then you will have more than enough time to do it without haste.
After shutdown, the next click event will be exactly 34 minutes and 8 seconds later.
And try to remember if you have set a (diary) alarm! If so: don't change the battery when the alarm is due!
Someone told me that he didn't find the battery!
The battery is inserted at the bottom of the organiser. The battery compartment is hidden by the sliding cover. To remove the cover, just keep pulling after the first stop (when the keyboard is exposed). You'll see the battery cover then. | 2019-04-19T11:05:14 | http://forum.psion2.org/YaBB.pl?board=faq_general;action=display;num=108 |
0.998703 | What is the primary cause of suffering?
1. The primary cause of suffering is that we have lost sight of our innate divinity, our spiritual origin. We have forgotten that each one of us is a spiritual being, a son of God, an heir to all the ideas that inhere in God-Mind.
We have forgotten that, as spiritual beings, we have dominion and authority over our thoughts and feelings. We have used our formative power of thought in wrong ways and have based our thinking on negative reports that were the result of wrong use of the five senses. Because of this we have built up negative beliefs in our consciousness, such as fear of old age, lack, and sickness, and we are suffering the effects.
Sometimes, in our ignorance, we have believed that it is God's will for us to suffer, and have hoped thereby to discipline ourselves into being good. What we need to know is that as spiritual beings we are already "good," being of the same nature as our Father. If we have been guilty of thoughts and acts unworthy of our true nature, we must voluntarily make the change and begin to think and act in accord with our divine nature.
(a) Primary cause: Forgetfulness of our divine nature as a son of God.
(1) Wrong thinking, which has built up a belief in separation from God. This has led to fear that we stand alone, and the feeling that our ability to meet the challenges of our daily life is inadequate.
(2) Our unwillingness, because of ignorance, fear, and indifference, to make a determined effort to release the wrong mental beliefs that bind us and produce unhappy conditions.
The remedy for suffering is to realize that we are spiritual beings; then to do all that is necessary to base the activities of thinking and feeling (our formative power of thought) on Truth, so that only true words, actions, reactions, and conditions may result.
There are those who have felt, and still feel, that suffering of itself turns us to God. This is not true. It is rather our desire to be free from suffering that can cause us to turn to God. On the other hand, if we do nothing about the desire to be free, the suffering may cause us to be filled with feelings of bitterness, frustration, discouragement, so that we continue to suffer in mind, body, or affairs, resigning ourselves to what we believe is God's will.
The lessons that follow will show us the steps that we need to take in order to come into the realization of our true nature, so that we may free ourselves from the suffering that many human beings experience. Then we can express all the loveliness, beauty, and dignity of our own divine nature, here and now.
Following Entry: What is the Fountainhead from which we draw all our good, such as joy, strength, peace, health, and abundance? | 2019-04-18T19:24:21 | https://truthunity.net/anno/lessons-in-truth-lesson-1-annotation-1 |
0.999858 | I will learn to write cursive (again). I will learn to write cursive (again). I will learn to write cursive (again). | 2019-04-18T21:05:29 | https://www.chicagotribune.com/108456598-132.html |
0.998841 | Heeft u een vraag voor Guangzhou Hoikong Boutique Hotel Chigang Branch?
Tijdens uw bezoek aan Guangzhou zult u zich snel thuisvoelen in Guangzhou Hoikong Boutique Hotel Chigang Branch, dankzij de hoge kwaliteit en de goede service. Het hotel ligt niet zo ver van het stadscentrum: de afstand is ongeveer 1 km en het duurt normaal ongeveer 40 minuten om het vliegveld te bereiken. Met de belangrijkste attracties van de stad - zoals Southern Hospital Of Integrated Traditional Chinese And Western Medicine, Fuda Hospital, Living Mall - binnen handbereik, zullen bezoekers van het hotel de locatie waarderen.
De faciliteiten en diensten, geboden door het Guangzhou Hoikong Boutique Hotel Chigang Branch, garanderen een plezierig verblijf voor gasten. Terwijl u verblijft in deze geweldige accommodatie, geniet u van faciliteiten als 24-uur roomservice, gratis wi-fi in alle kamers, faciliteiten voor mindervaliden, wi-fi in openbare ruimtes, parkeerplaats.
Hotelkamers zijn zorgvuldig ingericht om het hoogste niveau van comfort te bereiken, met plasma tv, internet (draadloos), draadloos internet (gratis), rookvrije kamers, airconditioning in iedere kamer. Daarnaast garanderen de talrijke recreatieve mogelijkheden dat u zich tijdens uw verblijf kunt vermaken in het hotel. Met een ideale locatie en bijpassende faciliteiten, is het Guangzhou Hoikong Boutique Hotel Chigang Branch voor veel gasten precies wat zij zoeken.
Mooi, schoon helaas geen bar.
I would like to write my review to help all of you for this Hotel. 1.) The difficult way is how to find the hotel because it located inside the hospital area. Take the metro From airport Line3 to kecun station then change to Line 8 to Chigang Station take the exit C1 after exit looking for Mcdonald then walk to Mcnonald (it will help you to walking to the right direction) after walk for 30m. you will found the KFC on your right hand side, The Hospital entrance will be Next from KFC, Pls walk inside for 50m. you will find the Hotel. (For more easier print the photos of your of your hotel and show to someone around there they will tell you) 2.English problem all solved now, The staff during Day and evening Can speak english well, They call the Taxi for me, They find me the food location. You no need to walk out and find taxi, just tell them they will use the app to call taxi in for you. 3.This hotel is good for the fair what i worry i have find out during my trip ENJOY, THK Jack .
Location is good- near to subway station, clean and nice room, helpful staff if only u can speak chinese (mandarin/cantonese), local food stalls and fast food available nearby within walking distance. Please take note that the hotel ONLY provide free shuttle to and fro Pazhou Complex during CANTON FAIR. For those attending any other expo in Pazhou, u will need to take subway yourself to get there. I do email them prior to my trip, as expected, no replies. We experienced a black-out during my stay, it happened at noon. I'm not sure how long, it was too hot in the room so i gotta get out from room. We were told by the staff it was the first time they experience this and the hotel doesn't have back-up generator.
Good location. Cozy modern room designs & Cleanliness of the room.
I am truly happy that I have stayed in this hotel for 5 nights. The location is good as its less than 5 mins walking distance to the subway. It's just 3 stations away from Pazhou exhibition, which I am really glad about, especially this trip is mainly for business trips to attend exhibitions at Pazhou. Best of all, there's quite alot of food stalls, restaurants and fast food like Macdonalds & a 24hrs kfc around this vicinity, we have no problem in getting food even if we are hungry during late nights. The stylish designs of the interior decor of the hotel rooms are sleek and cozy. Cleanliness is considered good and well maintained, however could be improved with fragrance spray during housekeeping, because the room has a little cigarette smoke smell, but i can still overlooked this factor as i felt the room is still very clean and cozy. Overall, I am happy staying in this hotel. If i am coming back for Pazhou exhibitions, I will definitely return to this hotel.
Stay in for 6nights, worst things is there is no internet, hotel claim that it's spoil. The entire stay with no internet access keep using my 3G and spent a few hundred on it. Other than this issue everything about this hotel is good.
Price is reasonable during the peak period and the location is superb for Canton Fair goers. Right next to a metro station and just 2-3 stations away from the CF venue. Sanitary is better than my expectation . Be aware it's inside a hospital's premises--tell your taxi driver about this and look for a sign with the hotel name at the hospital entrance.
I think this hotel should not cater to foreigners. It seems that they only want to cater the locals. I've read the reviews before i booked the hotel and was informed of the language problem. I just thought that by this time they could have done something about it. Specially that they are a hotel that caters to Canton Fair buyers. But this is the worst in terms of communicating with their staff. Giving me wrong translation for directions. I missed my appointment. That was bad...really bad.
My room is on the 4th floor, its very noisy every night, also the door open-close are so loud, which i cannnot sleep early until midnight it will slow down. I won’t recommend for the ones who need to travel for business occasion cuz u will not get good sleep.
Good location for a business traveller to the canton fair. Although not much to see in Chigang, Kecun is very close and Tianhe not far either. The staff almost did not speak english at all, but were helpful and polite. The breakfast was neither good nor bad. Based on the normal room rate, the hotel is a very good value for money, but of course during the canton fair all hotels nearby double their rates.
3 min. walk to train station and very convenient for Canton Fair ! Since this hotel is located in the hospital area, you need to go into the hospital gate or arch and it is not easy to find it. But reasonable and very convenient !! I would stay at this hotel next time too.
This is good hotel. Very clean and neat. Close to the Chigang station. It is in the hospital zone. the map on the google or agoda is wrong. Some texi drivers may not know the hotel. People in hotel doesnt speak English much enve at the reception, but they are very kind. If you go during the weekend please avoid top floor they usually have event on the hole at the top floor where they have event hole. it is very loud till 11 at night. They dont have freeze. They have convenient store very close to hotel but they close at night. Safe enough. Not very famous place for tourist.
In difficult circumstances, and a very busy time, found this hotel to be friendly. clean and a warm and welcoming retreat. When everything else promoted stress, the staff went out of their way to make the time as pleasant and relaxing as they could. Great.
the staff cannot speak English very well, so if you require more than just basics of checking in then you might have some troubles. The hotel is nice, clean and quiet. the staff are overall very friendly.
Price is not expensive but overall experience is also low. Hotel's actual location on location on Google map is different so took me 15 minutes walking with heavy luggage to find the hotel. Receptionists speak very little English. Breakfast was OK considering the price. Room is clean but I kept on stepping into sharp carpet holder in the room. Didn't get hurt though but kind of annoying. I checked in very late that time and they gave me a room with no window. The first day had water problem where there was only hot water. It's kind of painful when I came back from work outside and expect to have a cold shower. The days after we're fine. I could not find any decent restaurant nearby, only saw KFC and McDonald's. The hotel is s few minutes walk from a subway station. The hotel can help you get taxi.
Value for money was satisfied. The room had a great interior, big bed for a couple like us, nice restroom. Mtr was 5 minutes away, and the hotel was also near the pazhou convention center. Many food stalls around the area.
Good location for Canton fair and metro. | 2019-04-23T03:58:50 | https://www.agoda.com/nl-nl/guangzhou-hoikong-boutique-hotel-chigang-branch/hotel/guangzhou-cn.html |
0.999089 | : I'm dying to propose to my girlfriend, but I'm finding getting the most bang for my buck at retail stores. She told me about the New York Diamond Exchange (nydex.com), and we've found all kinds of GIA-certified stones there that seem like great deals. However, the idea of buying a diamond sight-unseen online scares both of us a little. Is there anything you can tell me about this specific outlet or buying online in general that might ease my concerns? This would allow me to get a 1.2-1.4 carat stone for what I would pay for a 1 carat at a local retail outlet if it works out.
I agree, buying online is the best way to get the most bang for your buck!
As mentioned above, one benefit of shopping online is the large selection of inventory at your fingertips. Absolutely agree that a 7 day return policy and the fact that you can't view your diamond prior to purchase is fishy - looking at other reputable online retailers is a good idea. Can you view the GIA Diamond Grading Report? You should be able to view the diamond and the stone's GIA grading. GIA (Gemological Institute of America), is an independent and nonprofit organization, known by the industry (even the U.S. government) as the ultimate authority on gemology. They created the 4Cs and this report in the interest of the consumer, as an unbiased and accurate scientific evaluation to use in determining the authenticity and quality of the stone, in terms of the 4Cs (PRIOR to purchase). GIA's website ( http://www.gia4cs.gia.edu ) is a valuable resource.
Keep looking – there are tons of great deals to be had! Best of Luck!
How sweet that you're dying to propose to your girlfriend. I did a quick look at the website that you listed. I have a few concerns about it, one of the big ones being something you already mentioned: you aren't able to see the diamond until you receive it in the mail. My other concerns are the short return policy: 7 days; and also that I didn't see any formal listings of organizations that vouch for the business's reputation and quality (such as the better business organization, etc.). Instead, the company reports their own stats (i.e. 99 % customer satisfaction) although who knows if these are real figures or made up.
Here's my two cents: I really love your proposal idea and the fact that it is the manner in which your dad proposed to you mom, makes it all the more special. If your girlfriend is close to her family, allowing them to share in the proposal during the Christmas party would be be nice, and would keep with the tradition that the two of you have of exchanging gifts during this time. I would then arrange to have some very special alone time with her-- maybe the day after Christmas you could have a romantic getaway/date planned just for the two of you to connect and relish in your newfound status as an engaged couple. | 2019-04-23T20:21:53 | https://www.ultimate-engagement-ring-guide.com/buying-engagement-rings-online.html |
0.999996 | Browse the article What's the world's longest suspension bridge?
The motorway leading to the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge. The bridge transformed a 45-minute ferry ride into a four-minute car trip.
Six years into the construction process, and in 1995 the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge had survived its first earthquake. Surely, the going would get easier, right?
Wrong. The bridge's support cables became the next point of contention. Because the longest suspended portion of the bridge measured more than a mile, ordinary steel cables were just too heavy. Instead, Japanese engineers had to invent a solution: a new type of steel wire that was flexible, incredibly strong and composed of a new blend of alloys and silicone. At just 5 millimeters (1/5 inch) thick, a single strand of this ingenious steel could support the weight of three rhinoceri. Thousands of these strands were compacted into a single cord of steel wire more than 300,000 kilometers (190,000 miles) long and installed by helicopter to hold up the Akashi Kaikyo's roadways [source: Curiosity Aroused].
To lift the 290 sections of roadway deck into place, cranes were built just for this project. The deck's trusses included a strategic triangular design to allow airflow, but also incorporated vertical arms to act as rudders, stabilizing the deck during high winds [source: National Geographic].
Finally, in 1998, 10 years after construction began on the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge, the final piece of deck was in place. The six-lane suspension bridge, which transformed a 45-minute ferry ride into a four-minute journey by car, was complete. But not finished.
Although designed to last 200 years, the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge requires daily maintenance. The Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Authority, charged with the bridge's upkeep, operates a control center that monitors everything from the bridge's horizontal and vertical movement to the air conditioning system designed to keep its steel trusses from corroding. Travelers pay a toll of 2,300 yen (about U.S.$25) to cross the bridge by car [source: Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Authority].
Japanese engineers may have designed and built a suspension bridge that holds world records in triplicate, but they won't be able to rest on their laurels. Emerging technology, including lightweight carbon-fiber cables, could someday make it possible to construct suspension bridges with a reach 10 times that of the Akashi Kaikyo [sources: Curiosity Aroused, National Geographic, Ryan].
Author's Note: What's the world's longest suspension bridge?
One of my dreams is to visit Japan. My parents have traveled to Japan, my aunt and uncle made their home in Tokyo, and my husband spent the first two years of his life there. And now I can add one more line item to my travel goals: traversing the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge. While the reason the bridge came into being is a sad one, it's impressive to discovery the ingenuity that went into building it. It's one thing to build the first suspension bridge of that length. It's another to invent the materials and techniques to make it possible. | 2019-04-20T20:31:56 | https://science.howstuffworks.com/engineering/structural/world-longest-suspension-bridge.htm/printable |
0.99857 | Successfully set up your project by adding costs, timetracking and budget to your milestones? You might be wondering how the values of the columns in your product overview are calculated. Find your questions answered in this article!
The calculation will be slightly different depending on whether you invoice your milestones according to Time & Material or according to Fixed price. Depending on your way of invoicing, find the following explanation below.
Budget left = total turnover - budget spent. Since both are calculated in the same way, your "budget left" will always be 0.
The original budget that you have entered in your project is not taken into account, only what you have used as Time & Material and what you will actually invoice.
Scenario 2: invoicing milestones according to "Fixed price"
Total turnover = (the sum of the budgets of your milestones that will be invoiced according to "fixed price") + (the "amount" of the milestones invoiced according to "time & material"). The logic behind this is that the total turnover is what you will eventually invoice.
Budget left = total turnover - budget spent. So here it is possible that you see an amount. | 2019-04-25T08:25:16 | https://teamleader.freshdesk.com/en/support/solutions/articles/7000044367-faq-how-are-the-budget-and-turnover-of-projects-calculated- |
0.999997 | How do I reduce the size of an image which is attached in Stack Overflow questions?
I found large size images attached in many Stack Overflow questions.
I feel the formatting does not look good. While moderating I have not found any option to reduce the image size.
How do I reduce a large image while moderating questions to improve Stack Overflow quality?
If the images are hosted on the Stack Exchange imgur.com account (which most are), you can add a h, l, m, t, b or s to the filename in the URL (before the extension) to get resized versions.
https://i.stack.imgur.com/a9LCg.jpg to get a more manageable size screenshot.
and it'll link the reduced-size version to the full-size image.
I've gone ahead and used the medium (m) version for that post to reduce the size of the retina-resolution iPhone screenshots, linking each to the full-resolution version.
The square options will scale the image (up as well as down) and crop to fit the size, thumbnails are only ever scaled down (smaller images are not scaled up) to fit with the square maximum dimensions.
NOTE: Resizing only the preserves the first frame of an animated GIF image. If you need to resize an animation, use HTML markup instead (i.e. use <img>).
WARNING: Imgur seems to have consistency issues with generating the different sizes of images, where not all suffixes give you a resized image; and are instead served the original image. I don't know what causes this to happen or what a work-around might be.
You can add a query string to the URL to specify some specific sizes. The available sizes are dimensions that are the powers of two from 16 up to 512 (i.e. X can be 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 and 512).
Using this method will produce a square image. The image may be cropped and/or resized without preserving the image's aspect ratio.
If you want to specify other sizes, you can use an <img> tag. The full image will be downloaded and scaled by the user's browser to fit the specified width and/or height.
The width attribute tells the browser to constrain the size, the height is scaled along automatically.
When using an <img> tag, any attributes must be specified in the following order or the image will not be displayed: src, width, height, alt, title. The values for the width and height attributes can be up to 999.
Source: What HTML tags are allowed on Stack Exchange sites?
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged support images .
How can I put images side by side in a Stack Overflow question?
Is there a way of adding some caption or description to an image?
Why does this image sizing specification not work?
Why is uploading Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) not supported?
Are there any built-in resources that you can link to from within question to use in a code snippet on the Stack Overflow domain?
How do I improve visibility of a question as a newcomer?
Flaws in the Stack Exchange system. How to deal with them?
To what extent is Stack Overflow for Teams subject to the Code of Conduct and general site policies? | 2019-04-23T06:02:22 | https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/253403/how-to-reduce-image-size-on-stack-overflow |
0.999992 | I have two assignments, please read before accepting work. The prayers in school homework assignment is very simple but if possible i would like to have a copy of turnitin along with it. Please be read the instructions on the criteria for this paper. The second home assignment has instructions as well. | 2019-04-22T17:07:29 | https://www.studypool.com/discuss/48368/Prayers-in-School-and-Hindsight-Bias-Respond-the-following-questions |
0.998505 | What is the procedure of inserting symbols in an MS-Word document?
A Question from MS Word asked in Nepal Oil Corporation Examination was - What is the procedure of inserting symbols in an MS-Word document?
MS Word allows you to insert many symbols that you can't type directly through keyboard. The procedure is useful especially when you require to insert symbols such as ® (Registered Mark), © (Copyright Mark) and so on.
Toward the end of Insert Ribbon you'll find Symbol group. Click the Symbol drop down button to produce the symbol panel.
Click the required symbol from the panel if it is available there. Otherwise you can click on More Symbols... menu there.
From the resulting Symbols dialog box, choose required font, Subset and choose the symbol you wish to insert.
Click on Insert button and then Close button to get rid of the dialog box.
Additionally, you can configure the Auto correct feature or assign shortcut key for the symbol if it is frequently required. Once you set them up, you can insert the symbol directly by typing associated keystrokes on keyboard. | 2019-04-21T16:12:31 | https://mcqsets.com/s/microsoft-word-questions-answers/procedure-inserting-symbol/ |
0.999994 | Generate a full set of PHP scripts quickly from MySQL database.
ActiveX component provides control ToolTips.
Create single instance applications linked to associated file types. Forr VB6.
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Now recover everything from damaged or corrupted MDB files by using Recover Data for Access file repair software. Access file recovery software has emended with the latest technology of Unique Guided File Excavation (GFETch) by the Recover Data engineers, this technology will help users to fix corrupt MDB files errors & recover their entire data like: tables, reports, forms, macros, indexes, relations & other database objects without having any technical skills. With MDB recovery software, you can say good bye to your worries with complete confidence & throw out this kind of question "How to repair MDB files" from your mind. Recover Data engineers have kept the attention during making this MDB file recovery software that user can select the multiple MDB files for repairing & recovering process. This MDB reader has an capability to recover every single bit of data from multiple corrupted Access database files & Access recovery software provide an option to save all data of multiple MDB files on a single click after repairing. User can turn Access database file recovery process too fast & easy by using the user friendly features of Recover Data for Access product during the file repair process. Some significant characteristic of Access database recovery software: * Access repair software to repair password protected from MDB files. * Instantly repair corrupted MDB files whether file has been inaccessible due to some logical reason. Free download demo version of this Access reader from our website: http://www.recoverdatatools.com/access-repair.html & run MDB repair tool on any hard drive whether hard drive have running under MS Windows 95 to Windows 7 OS. Users can repair Access database file that has been created under Microsoft Office 95 to 2007 so, why you are waiting for recovery of MDB data from inaccessible, corrupted or damaged MS Access database file. Now, try Recover Data for Access database repair software & get your business back on top.
Database Workshop is a professional multifunctional tool for working with databases and database objects. It uses the modern plug-in module technology that combines flexibility and versatility for working with various databases.
The DBF to DBF program allows you to convert your dbf files from one format to another. The program supports dBase III, dBase IV, FoxPro, VFP and dBase Level 7 formats. Besides, you can choose BlockSize in memo fields and change codepage. | 2019-04-25T02:05:04 | http://www.softempire.com/how-to-repair-mdb-file.html |
0.998795 | Google Review: Greg R-I wish I had more than 5 stars with which to rate these folks. Unbelievably sound customer service on a consistent basis. Simply genuine, nice people. Each point of contact regardless of department very well done. I was and am thrilled to be a customer. I look very forward to my next visit. The prices are exceptionally fair as well. One pleased patron here. Thank You ladies and gentlemen for setting the bar for dealerships. Well done!!
Google Review: Mary W Cleveland TN- I love this dealership. I have always felt that going to a car dealership was like going to the dentist. This dealership has proven me wrong. They are the exception. Never have I felt that a dealership wasn't going to take me for a ride. No pun intended. They are fair and bend over backwards to make sure you are happy.
CarsGuru Review: Jeff J Knoxville TN-Awesome buying experience. The staff here are all very friendly and professional. I felt as if I was dealing with family. We drove from Knoxville and did not regret the drive. Highly recommend!!!
CarsGuru Review: Tina A Chattanooga TN-Highly recommend shopping here for a vehicle.
Yelp: B Wings Northville MI- We were traveling down 75 on our way to Florida when we started to have car issues. We called several Ford and Lincoln dealerships closest to our route to see if anyone could squeeze us in on a Friday afternoon. Mullinax Lincoln offered to have us bring our car in as soon as possible. We pulled right into the garage and had a serviceman evaluate our car right away. Within a half an hour - we were back on the road! We were so impressed with this garage and the gentleman who helped us!
Facebook Review: Keith H Virginia-I have known this family all my life. The Mullinax Lincoln Family truly is a family and once you purchase one of their beautiful, well equipped and well made Lincolns, you will be part of their family. They truly care. | 2019-04-22T13:58:50 | https://www.mullinaxlincolnonline.com/sales-testimonials.htm |
0.999509 | Theft, fraud and most importantly identity theft happens to be the centre of all news channels and the news papers currently. The only difference is that, we actually read such stories that had happened to someone else, say “how sad” and move on with our lives. What we fail to realize is that the same thing could also possibly happen to any one of us on a future date. On closely scrutinizing the news, you would come to realize that the people who had fallen prey to such criminals were very much like yourself who had absolutely no idea as to how to protect themselves.
Thankfully for you, you still have the time to protect yourself because this particular piece is dedicated to help your protect yourself from criminals who could cheat you and leave you in a fix. The very best way to safeguard your interest, your family, your loved ones and your life would be to conduct a social security numbers’ search on every person who comes into your professional and personal life. At times, you as a business owner will have to recruit people on a regular basis, sadly not many such people are forthcoming with their resumes and some of the applicants would even hide some facts about them as they think these facts would make them lose the chance to get the job. Such facts could also be about the prison term that they had served or any other criminal activity in which their name was muddled into. All in all, these facts that people want to hide may just damage your interests.
If the crime committed by the person was something very simple and if it would not affect the work or personal life of yours, then the same can be forgiven or even overlooked. But there could be some times when a person was already convicted of fraud some few years back and if the same information had been withheld then it sure would affect your life in every unimaginable way possible. You should be very careful when dealing with them.
Thankfully, social security numbers’ can help you find out more about the person you are about to hire and make a prudent decision based upon the findings so that you could make a judgment on that particular person. There are many sites that are investigative in nature and that are known to conduct searches on social security numbers easily. If you take the time to look into the world of the internet, then you sure can find one site that would help you find out more about people with their social security numbers. So if you want to protect the life of yourself and your loved ones, do not hesitate to make a social security number search.
Criminal Records: How Conclusive are they?
One of the questions that might come into our minds, while checking a person’s background, before considering employment or some other form of relationship building is the question – how conclusive are criminal records? How do we determine the character of a person based on his or her past details in crime? Recently, a situation was faced, where the person in need of employment had excellent results in all the examinations he had ever taken, but because he had a problem with his records, he was not given the job. Though he was a deserving candidate, he was overlooked because of his criminal past.
However, the problem is that, most people do not clear up that issue and answer when they are asked. They rather hide it and think that what they think was not put up on their résumé or during the interview, cannot be found out. However, employers do not think like that, and in most cases, a basic as well as advanced background check immediately reveals the past of the person, and his/her involvement in some form of criminal activities.
How to Come to Conclusions from the Criminal Records?
When you are thinking about a person’s past records, it is crucial to see what kind of involvement he has had with the past? One of the best ways of evaluating the case is by reading up on the incident, checking the background of the story, and then cross questioning the person concerned about his or her involvement in the matter. First time violations or offences should be clarified before giving the person the job. Also, you would need to check the credibility of the story by calling up the concerned authorities and getting the impartial version of the story.
In case the person concerned has done the same kind of crime and has set a pattern, it is not a good idea to give that person any leeway. If you are interviewing an individual and you ask about his or her criminal records, you need to check for the credibility of the story in details. An in-depth research should be done before coming to any specific conclusions. You need to also ask for a second or third opinion if you do not seem to be convinced by the person’s dialogue about the incident. In the end, it is up to you to be convinced or not.
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When Marriage Records Come in Handy?
There are both local and national databases where you can find marriage records. You can readily do the work online without leaving the comfort of your home or office. These searches can help you in a number of different ways. Let’s take a closer look at their most common uses.
If you’ve lost track of an old friend and you are trying hard to find her, but she’s not on Facebook, you can readily search the marriage records to find her. If she has got married, her name will certainly pop up somewhere. You don’t have to worry about her having changed her maiden name because marriage licenses, certificates and other records contain the names of the couples before or at the time of the ceremony. Many documents contain their residence too. If you are lucky, your good old friend may still live where she got married. Even if this is not the case, it is certainly a good place to start.
You want to go back in time and learn more about your ancestors? The marriage records are a great place to start. They often contain the names of the parents of the bride and groom. This means that if you know your great-grandma’s name, you can readily learn the names of your great-great-grandmother and great-great-grandfather.
Going far back may be challenging, especially if the records which you are searching for are not online, but this could be a lot of fun too. You could go back to the place where your ancestors were originally and search the local clerk and church records to dig out something. One important thing to keep in mind about “field” search is that you may also be able to find information about marriages and not only in the personal records of the people who performed the ceremony.
Unfortunately, there are many scammers out there who don’t hesitate to take advantage of people looking for love and companionship. If you have reasons to believe that your new partner is actually married to someone else, you can readily check him or her by going over the marriage records. This could be tricky in case the person comes from another place, but you can get some information in advance to narrow down your search. You should also note that you should not feel guilty about performing the search. It’s natural to want to have full confidence in the person that you are with.
Begin your search of the marriage records to discover the information which you are looking for.
It is natural to want to find out who your ancestors were and where they came from. This is now easier than ever before as you can access public records on the web. Take a look at some of the most valuable ones for genealogists and people who want to expand their family tree as a hobby.
These public records are valuable because they contain the names of the parents. In birth certificates, you will find the names of the mother and the father of the child. This is how you can easily trace your bloodline before your grandparents and their parents. You can also find cousins whom you barely remember or haven’t met at all.
Marriage certificates are usually even more useful for genealogy research. This is because the older ones, in particular, contain the maiden name of the bride and the names of the parents of both the bride and groom. With these documents, you practically hit two birds with one stone as you can trace both sides of each family.
When you plan to use both types of vital public records, you should begin with the most recent birth ones and then use the names which you come across to find marriage licenses and certificates. This is a simple tactic which you can apply to get a great amount of information quickly. Still, you are free to organize your search in any way you like.
These public records help you to track the movements of your ancestors. If someone has moved in or out of your town, the data will help you to confirm this. With the immigration records, you will have an excellent chance of tracing your ancestors all the way to their country of origin. This will give you the opportunity to dig much deeper down into your ancestry. You should know that these general records are easily accessible online. In most cases, you can search them freely.
You should come up with a plan for your genealogy research in general and for your search of the public records in particular. It pays off to devote a considerable amount of time to the search as some documents take longer to retrieve. Before you begin, you must organize all the information which is available to you such as the names of more distant relatives. Make sure that you can spell them correctly as this is crucial for the end result. Knowing the years of events is also extremely helpful.
Thanks to the internet, you can find any type of information that you need very easily and quickly and marriage records are no exception to this rule. However, the searches which people perform don’t always go as smoothly as planned. Consider the mistakes which are made most often and what to do instead to get what you need in the shortest possible time.
The main details which you need to enter when searching marriage records are the names of the bride and groom and the name of the city or town where they married. If you get any of these wrong, you will still have to wait for the search to be completed. Any fee which you will pay is typically non-refundable given that the error is from your side. How do you avoid this mistake?
Use only information which you are absolutely certain about. If you are not sure that the ceremony took place in the specific town, search the marriage records of the wider local area or the entire state. The other key thing is to double check that you have got the spelling right. It’s easy to misspell people’s names, especially when they are not particularly common.
While licenses can contain detailed information, they are not proof of marriage. They simply show that two people had the intention to marry one another. This may have never happened actually. That is why your search should always cover marriage certificates too. If you are performing people search, for example, and you find a license with detailed information, confirm the existence of a certificate. This will give you complete peace of mind that you are on the right track.
This is a serious mistake, especially when you are searching for older marriage records. You can readily begin your search online and cover the registers of the local clerk’s office in the first place. If you don’t find anything or the information is very limited, you can readily check other sources. The local churches and other religious temples most certainly keep records of the marriage ceremonies that have taken place in them so they are worth checking out. You could also try to track down any personal records of the clerk or minister who has performed the ceremony. It should be easy to find the person or their ancestors on the social networks.
By avoiding these mistakes when searching marriage records, you will find exactly what you need fast.
We are used to getting any type of information quickly over the internet and the modern court records are no exception to this rule. You can readily access them online directly given that they are public. Of course, this isn’t as simple as performing a Google search and you should be well aware of this. Here are some important details and tips that you have to take into account before you begin.
The latest court records are readily available online, but the big question is how far back they digitalization goes. Most courthouses started maintaining electronic databases around the start of the new millennium. This means that your search can go many years back. However, due to technological and/or financial restrictions the online database may have records from the last five, ten or fifteen years. It is a good idea to check this in advance to ensure that you won’t be wasting your time searching online.
If the courthouse has the documents which you are looking for in electronic form, but they are not available online, you can gain access to them directly on site. Alternatively, you can request copies of existing court records in paper form. Documents that are old enough to fall into the category of historical records are not stored and handled by courthouses. They are kept by the administrative bodies responsible for archiving public records and you can gain access through them. It is worth noting that many historical documents are available freely on the web.
You can expect online court records to contain the full information available to the public. They will not contain details and documents which have been sealed by the court either because of laws that apply to the particular case or because of a judge’s ruling. Usually, there is a clear account of what kind of information has been sealed.
Usually, you can search the court records directly via the respective court’s website. It is also possible to perform a national search if you don’t know the location, but this will take more time and effort, especially when it comes to narrowing down the results. Before you can access the database, you will be asked to read an agreement and confirm that you will follow it. You should get perfect understanding of it. In some cases, you will also be asked to create an account.
Finally, you should know that the access to court records is free. You will be charged a fee only for obtaining copies of documents.
Everyone’s online these days and it is possible to trace even people who are not active on the web or have deleted any profiles that you knew about. Where do you start your people search from, then? Check out the types of tools and sources which you can use to get the results which you are hoping for quickly.
The search engines like Google have become extremely powerful and can give you practically all the information about a person which is available on the web. For example, the conventional people search databases don’t typically have cell phone numbers because they are generally not subject to automatic disclosure like landline numbers and usually remain private. However, if the person who you want to find has posted their cell phone number voluntarily on the web, you will find this place in seconds just by pasting their number in the search bar.
It is equally easy to search any social network for a person. You just have to enter the details which you know about them in the search box. Make sure that you take advantage of the type of information which people would most likely share on the specific type of social network. People are more likely to share information about their family on Facebook and about their education on LinkedIn.
The sites feature detailed and up-to-date databases with publicly available information which you can search directly. It is easy to tell the legitimate ones. The specialized engines for people search work in pretty much the same way, but they can typically retrieve information from the entire web and not only from a single source. Whether you are using a specialized website or tool remember to follow the instructions and recommendations of the service provider to ensure that you will get what you need fast.
You can readily use census records to find the location of a person that you have lost track of. Similarly, if you know that this person has got married in a particular location, you can request a copy of the marriage certificate to obtain more details about him or her. Divorce records are even more detailed as they usually include the names of the former spouses and of their children too.
Finally, no matter which tools and sources you plan to use for people search, you should never enter sensitive private information such as the person’s social security number.
You try to look up a person online, but your efforts lead you to a dead end. In this situation, the only solution is to make your people search active, meaning that you will take direct effort to track down the person instead of relying on online databases and information available on various website. Check out three active search approaches which have been tested and proven to work.
You can readily create a short post explaining who you are searching for and why and post it on the social networks where you have a profile asking people to help you. You should include the most important details that you know such as name, age, education and/or previous employers. Including a picture could be particularly helpful. Just make sure that you don’t share sensitive private information in your people search. This is crucial no matter which approach you adopt.
You should focus on triggering people’s emotions with your request for help. If you are searching for an old friend or a relative, for example, you can say how much you miss him or her. You should also be clear about what you want people to do – ask them to share the post and to get back with any information that they may have immediately. Just make sure that they will approach you via a private chat when they have details to share.
Classified ad websites, white page sites and sometimes even online people search databases give you the opportunity to place an ad for finding a person. The rules are pretty much similar to those for creating a social network post. You just have to be more succinct as there is usually less space available with an ad. In this case, you may also have to leave your contact details. Ensure that they are correct. Additionally, you should be more careful when a person approaches you regarding the ad, saying they have information which could be helpful.
If you have the previous address of the person that you are looking for, but they no longer live there, you may be able to get useful information from their neighbors with active people search. Just use the address with the street name, but without the number to get their contact details available online. Then you can approach them directly explaining the situation and asking them to share any information which they might have.
Last, but not least, remember that people who are genuinely trying to help you in your people search would not ask for money to give you information.
The purpose of the typical background check is to determine how reliable a person is when they have applied for a job or a tenancy. The information for it is extracted from various types of sources including court records. Find out more about the nature of these records and how they are searched.
The first ones on the list are naturally criminal records. They contain details on a person’s criminal history such as arrests, charges, convictions and paroles. It is important to note that the information available to private persons and organizations entitled to running background checks is more detailed compared to what’s available to the general public. It should be sufficient for an employer or a landlord to make a final decision regarding a person. Of course, equality laws and regulations have to be taken into consideration as well.
Court records of bankruptcy cases are also helpful and are normally covered by a background check. This is because they could be extremely important, especially when it comes to a person applying for a job in finance or for a tenancy right after such an event in their life. The records of such cases are usually the most easily accessible.
It is possible for you to search the court records yourself as part of a background check. You just need the name of the person. When you do this, you may get multiple search results. From then on, you need to note down the number of the cases that you’d like to look at in detail and use them to retrieve the actual files.
If you are covering a more recent period of time such as the past decade, for example, you can expect all the files which could be of help to you to be available online. If you want to go further back, you may have to visit the courthouse in person to conduct the search. This should be fairly easy.
As you can see, conducting a search the court records as part of a background check could take a considerable amount of time and effort. That is why most employers and landlord prefer to use services which are especially designed for the purpose. A specialized search covers a lot more details than those found in criminal and other records kept by courts. You can also get verification of the person’s education and previous employment, for example. This will help you make an even better informed decision eventually. | 2019-04-24T13:04:45 | https://www.backgroundchecksgov.org/ |
0.998306 | Was Ariana Grande's Grammy's dress to honor Mac Miller?
Fans think Ariana Grande's Grammy's dress was to honor Mac Miller based on the fact that she looked like a real life Cinderella.
And since Mac Miller wrote his song "Cinderella" about Ariana Grande and he was up for a Grammy nomination fans think she was honoring him with her attire.
She really did look like a real life Cinderella! | 2019-04-22T06:25:59 | https://z104fm.iheart.com/featured/katie-kruz/content/2019-02-12-was-ariana-grandes-grammys-dress-to-honor-mac-miller/ |
0.992769 | As children rode their bikes to the sound of leaf blowers on Wednesday, Redwood Avenue in Costa Mesa showed few signs that a neighbor had been killed there three days earlier.
A child's smiley-faced basketball sat in the front yard, while a skull-and-crossbones doormat rested at the front door of the small house where police say Thomas Michael Wilhelm, 48, shot his former girlfriend and business partner, Christian Marie Murray, 45.
An earlier version of the headline to this story should have attributed the accusation that Wilhelm stole the gun to his neighbor John Michael.
Wilhelm's arraignment has been moved to July 25. He faces murder and felony firearm charges, according to court documents.
Next-door neighbor John "Jack" Michael, 79, said Wilhelm stole the gun he allegedly used to shoot Murray several times in the chest from him.
Police discovered Murray in a bedroom of the home she shared with Wilhelm in the 2900 block of Redwood. She was pronounced dead at Western Medical Center in Santa Ana.
Michael said he and Wilhelm were good friends, going so far as to keep ladders on either side of the fence so they could easily visit each other.
On Sunday, about 15 or 20 minutes before gunshots rang out, Wilhelm, who seemed agitated, visited Michael in the workshop adjacent to his house, he said.
According to Michael, Wilhelm said that he planned to move away because of increased tension with Murray.
During the visit, Wilhelm excused himself, saying he had to use the restroom, Michael said.
Instead, Wilhelm went to an upper level of the shop and stole a pistol, Michael said.
Minutes later Michael said he heard gunshots, and then through his kitchen window saw Wilhelm climb into his yard. Wilhelm returned to the workshop, taking a shotgun, according to Michael.
Police said Wilhelm tried to commit suicide using a shotgun. Michael said he understands the shotgun went off when Wilhelm tripped and he didn't know how to reload the gun.
The main source of the fighting between Murray and Wilhelm was a sprinkler business they shared that she was pushing him out of, according to Michael.
"I know it was getting volatile, but I didn't really think it would go that far," he said. "It was kind of a last straw kind of thing."
Court documents also show tension between the former couple.
One of her ex-husbands, Peter Madsen, in a custody battle over their 8-year-old son, said Murray's home life was "unstable."
In custody papers filed in January, Murray wrote that she and Wilhelm had financial problems.
"My boyfriend began drinking and on 12/31 I asked [Madsen] ... to take him while I looked for a new place to live," she wrote. "While our business has slowed and has caused financial difficulties we still live in the same home where [my son] has his own room. With his father he has to share a room. Despite the difficulties that I've had with my relationship the issues have been resolved and are being addressed. Our household is again alcohol and drug free."
Madsen, in writing to the court said Murray told him, "I can't do this anymore." He said nine garbage bags filled with the son's clothes and toys were outside the home in December of last year.
Michael said the boy was home at the time of the shooting.
On Wednesday, a man later identified as one of Murray's ex-husbands was at the home, and would only say that Murray left behind three children.
The escalating fighting between Wilhelm and Murray wasn't completely unknown to neighbors, although there was reportedly nothing to indicate the relationship could turn violent.
"It wasn't a match made in heaven," Michael said. He said the block had a Fourth of July parade, and he has photos of Murray seemingly happy with one of three great Danes she shared with Wilhelm.
"What was amazing was … Tom got along with her friends and her exes and all of that, and she got along with her exes and ex-boyfriends," Michael said. "But it seems like it was oil and water between the two of them." | 2019-04-18T18:26:11 | https://www.latimes.com/socal/daily-pilot/news/tn-dpt-xpm-2012-07-11-tn-dpt-0712-wilhelm-20120711-story.html |
0.999898 | Do s2Member Pro-Forms work with PayPal Standard; i.e., without PayPal Pro?
Using s2Member Pro does not mean that you must use PayPal Pro integration. Just don't generate any PayPal Pro-Form Shortcodes. Instead, you could use Standard PayPal Buttons, Stripe, ClickBank, or Authorize.Net if you prefer (you could even use them all together at the same time).
If you want to process credit cards on-site though, you must have a PayPal Pro account, a Stripe account, or an Authorize.Net account (i.e., s2Member Pro-Forms also integrate with Stripe and Authorize.Net for on-site credit card processing).
This way all customers are ultimately passed over to PayPal Express Checkout to complete their purchase. You won't have the ability to process on-site credit cards if you only have PayPal Express Checkout, but for some site owners that's not an issue.
Remember: If you want to process credit cards on-site, you must have a PayPal Pro account, a Stripe account, or an Authorize.Net account (i.e., s2Member Pro-Forms also integrate with Stripe and Authorize.Net for on-site credit card processing). | 2019-04-26T01:52:39 | https://s2member.com/kb-article/do-s2member-pro-forms-work-with-paypal-standard-i-e-without-paypal-pro/ |
0.999998 | In any reaction, it is useful to quantify things. How much product will there be? How much of each reactant do we need to add? What ratios do we need? There are an awful lot of reactions for which this process is straightforward, but sometimes it can be tricky. Redox reactions are sometimes on the tricky side (although certainly not always). For that reason, it's good to have a reliable method for balancing redox reactions: determining the ratios of reactants needed to give the products in the proper amounts.
What would the balanced reaction look like?
We start out by balancing the atoms involved, one at a time. First we look at the atoms other than hydrogen or oxygen, and we just balance those by adding the right coefficient.
Second, we balance the oxygen atoms by adding water to one side or the other.
Third, we balance any hydrogens by adding protons.
Fourth, we balance the charge by adding electrons.
Fifth, we multiply so that the number of electrons is the same in both reactions.
Sixth, we simply add these two reactions together. The reaction arrow functions like an equals sign. The left side adds to the left side, and the right side adds to the right.
At that point, gratifyingly, the equation simplifies. Notice that we have added the same number of electrons to each side; they cancel out. That's perfect, because it means we have supplied just the right number of electrons from one half reaction to satisfy the other half reaction.
Also if we subtract one water from each side, things get slightly simpler.
Subtracting two protons from each side makes it simpler still.
This method works for any redox reaction, no matter how complicated.
In the event that the reaction is described as occuring under basic conditions, we can simply "neutralize" our protons at the end, by adding hydroxide to both sides.
Balance the following reactions under basic conditions. | 2019-04-23T12:52:22 | http://employees.csbsju.edu/cschaller/Reactivity/redox/RObalance.htm |
0.999769 | The Dallas gunman was plotting a major bomb attack, authorities said Sunday, urging calm after more than 200 people were arrested in a new night of protests over police violence against blacks.
Anger around America over the deaths of two black men at the hands of police in recent days -- the stated reason for the black Dallas gunman's deadly rampage targeting white officers -- showed no signs of abating.
President Barack Obama cautioned protesting Americans against casting all police as racially biased.
Obama has ordered flags at half-staff 67 times in response to tragedies, more than any other president before him, and may address that grim record when he speaks at an inter-faith memorial service Tuesday.
Vice President Joe Biden will also attend, along with Obama's predecessor and ex-Texas governor George W. Bush, who will deliver brief remarks, and his wife Laura.
The Dallas community's "unity is reflective of who we are as Americans" during these trying times, said Obama, who will meet privately with the families of the five fallen police officers and those wounded.
The past week's violence has shocked a country seemingly inured to its epidemic of gun violence and injected new urgency into the national debate on race relations and how white police deal with black suspects.
"The best way to honor the memory of Alton Sterling, the Dallas law enforcement officers and Philando Castile is to protect the people here," Louisiana Governor John Bel Edwards said, referring to those killed in recent days.
People inspired by the Black Lives Matter movement -- which arose in response to police using lethal force against unarmed blacks -- took to the streets in Los Angeles, New York and San Francisco in largely peaceful protests.
But authorities said a full-scale riot broke out in Saint Paul, Minnesota and resulted in 102 arrests. Protesters blocked a freeway and attacked police with rocks, bottles, fireworks, Molotov cocktails and metal bars.
Twenty-one officers were injured in the hours-long melee, one of them when a rioter dropped a 25-pound (11-kilogram) chunk of concrete on his head from a bridge or overpass, police spokesman Steve Linders said.
In Baton Rouge, where the other death took place, one officer was injured and 102 protesters were also arrested, Sheriff Sid Gautreaux said. Among them was activist leader DeRay McKesson, who livestreamed the incident. He was released on bond Sunday.
Both killings were caught on horrific video that quickly went viral.
In a similar case, a black man was shot dead by police Saturday in Houston, the largest city in Texas.
Chilling new details about Dallas shooter Micah Johnson fleshed out a still sketchy portrait of the 25-year-old US Army reservist and Afghanistan war veteran who apparently supported black militant organizations, some classified as hate groups, and died in the standoff with police.
Johnson opened fire Thursday evening with a powerful rifle during a peaceful protest against the shooting deaths of the two men in Louisiana and Minnesota, triggering hours of chaos in the downtown section of this major Texas city.
Johnson insisted on speaking only to a black police officer when he began negotiating, Brown said.
He knew the route of the Dallas march, triangulating police and started taking them out with his high-caliber rifle.
Brown said it was not immediately clear what those letters meant.
Sharpshooters could not get a view of Johnson as he hid behind a brick wall, so police used a bomb carried by a robot. | 2019-04-25T14:59:46 | http://www.digitaljournal.com/news/world/dallas-shooter-planned-other-attacks-police-say/article/469663 |
0.999955 | ROUGH CUT (NO REPORTER NARRATION) The United States faces an unprecedented challenge to its grip on the World Bank presidency, with emerging economies poised to nominate at least one candidate on Friday (March 23) to set up the first contested bid for the top job at the global development lender. Less than a day before the nomination deadline, Washington has yet to announce its candidate. South Africa is set to confirm the candidacy of Nigerian Finance Minister Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, a respected economist, diplomat and former World Bank managing director. (SOUNDBITE) (English) BISMARCK REWANE, CHIEF EXECUTIVE OF FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES COMPANY LIMITED, SAYING: "For a Nigerian to clinch that job which is unprecedented, it is usually reserved for the U.S., would be a glass-shattering development. Why do I say this? I say this because I think that the minister of finance of Nigeria being appointed president of the World Bank puts her in a very, very strong position to influence global perception about emerging markets and also, in fact, gives further access to influence in Nigeria to alter and accelerate the reform programme. So I see it as a win-win." Okonjo-Iweala quit the World Bank last year to become Nigeria's finance minister. Her candidacy is being proposed after consultations between South African President Jacob Zuma and Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan, sources said. The United States has held the presidency since the bank's inception after World War Two, and a European has always headed its sister organization, the International Monetary Fund. While the Obama administration has said it would nominate someone to replace Robert Zoellick when he steps down in June, its choice remains shrouded in mystery. The deadline for nominations is 6 p.m. Washington time (2200 GMT). The World Bank board of member countries will then shortlist the names of three candidates and finalise its choice by the time of IMF and World Bank semi-annual meetings on April 21. The new head of the poverty-fighting institution would be taking over, as the euro zone debt crisis slows the global economic recovery, undercutting demand in emerging and developing markets. | 2019-04-21T15:42:25 | https://in.reuters.com/video/2012/03/23/nigerian-minister-likely-candidate-for-w?videoId=232173771 |
0.999999 | Which animals are permissible and not permissible to eat?
Animals are of three types: Land life, aquatic life which cannot live outside water, such if you were to take it out, it would die, and the third is that which lives on land and in water together.
First, it is impermissible to eat land animals that attack with their fangs among predatory animals, such as lions, wolves, dogs, cats, bears, monkeys, elephants, according to our imams. Also impermissible are those that attack with their claws, their nails that is, of birds such as the falcon, the eagle and others of that type.
Second, any animal that the Prophet, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him, commanded to kill is haram to eat, such as the snake, the crow and the mouse.
Third, any filthy creature such as worms, ants, bees, flies and all insects, and those that have poison [s. are impermissible to eat].
Fourth, any animal whose impermissibility to eat which has been specifically established, such as the domestic donkey.
Fifth, an animal that is born of one parent that is permissible to eat and another that is not permissible to eat is haram to eat because the impermissibility overcomes it, such as a mule born of a horse and a domestic donkey.
Sixth, any animal that the Prophet, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him, prohibited to kill such as frogs, is impermissible to eat.
Any animal that does not derive strength from its fangs or claws and was not prohibited by the Prophet, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him, to eat or kill, or one that he didn't command about, or anything that is not a filthy animal, nor one that harms, or was not born of a parent that is permissible to eat and another that is not, then it is permissible to eat. And those are grazing livestock, such as camels, cows, goats, deer, horses, wild donkeys, which have stripes, and according to our imams, it is permissible to eat rabbit, hyenas and fox, as well as chicken, doves and birds, ducks and goose and other birds like it that don't attack with their claws.
As for aquatic life, it is all permissible to eat, whether it looks like fish or not, except for harmful ones that they contain poison, for they are not permissible to eat.
As for what lives on land and in water, it is haram to eat them, such as the snake, the crocodile, the turtle, and the crab and others like them.
When should one stand up during the Iqamah?
Is it allowed to wear the clothes coming down below the ankles? | 2019-04-26T11:44:13 | http://islam.ru/en/content/story/which-animals-are-permissible-and-not-permissible-eat |
0.998457 | Could a salamander forage inside your refrigerator?
The behavior and physiology of many animals (e.g., insects, amphibians and reptiles) can be greatly affected by changes in body temperature. For example, low temperature can reduce energy intake via effects on foraging behavior. Many insects and reptiles can offset such effects by choosing among thermally-diverse microhabitats to maintain body temperature within an optimal range. However, many amphibians occupy environments that do not allow them to control body temperature. Thus, the ability to minimize the effect of low temperature on feeding would provide a selective advantage for individuals. Adaptations allow some plethodontid salamanders (i.e., in the family Plethodontidae) to continue feeding at lower temperatures than other animals. For example, the quick release of energy stored in elastic tissue allows rapid tongue projection for prey capture below 5°C in some salamanders.
The effect of low temperature on feeding in plethodontid salamanders of the genus Desmognathus (i.e., Dusky Salamanders) has been inferred from field studies of changes in activity and gut contents at different seasons. Because field studies could not determine whether feeding is more dependent on thermal conditions influencing salamander behavior or prey availability and movement, we examined the effect of short-term low temperature on feeding under controlled conditions in the lab. We performed two experiments to determine the effect of low temperature on predatory behavior and prey-capture efficiency in Spotted Dusky Salamanders (Desmognathus conanti), which live in seeps and streams of the south-central United States. These salamanders are ambush, generalist predators that mainly eat small, semiaquatic and terrestrial invertebrate animals. Our observations indicate that typical predatory behavior consists of turning the head toward moving prey, very slow movement toward the prey (i.e., prey stalking) until it is within capture distance (i.e., about ½ inch), and then capture of the prey with the tongue and jaws. Often during stalking, the salamander jumps toward the prey just before capture to quickly travel the remaining distance.
In the first experiment, we observed variation in the feeding responses of cold salamanders (at 1, 3, 5 and 7°C) to a video recording of a walking, warm (15°C) cricket to determine the low-temperature limit for predatory behavior. By using a video recording as the prey visual stimulus in all feeding trials, we kept the stimulus exactly the same. This technique enabled us to determine the effect of temperature on feeding behavior independent of any potential temperature effect on prey movement. Salamanders exhibited vigorous feeding responses at 5 and 7°C, large variation in feeding responses both among and within individuals (over time) at 3°C, and little to no feeding response at 1°C. Mean feeding responses at both 1 and 3°C were significantly less than at each higher temperature.
In the second experiment, we quantified feeding by cold salamanders (at 3, 5, 7 and 11°C) on live, warm crickets to examine thermal effects on prey-capture ability. The mean feeding response to live crickets was significantly less at 3°C than at higher temperatures, however 50% of salamanders captured and ingested prey with high efficiency at this temperature. We conclude that many individuals stalk and capture prey at very low temperatures (down to 3°C). Our results support a growing body of data that indicate many plethodontid salamanders feed at temperatures only a few degrees above freezing.
Effect of acute low body temperature on predatory behavior and prey-capture efficiency in a plethodontid salamander. | 2019-04-19T00:42:29 | https://atlasofscience.org/could-a-salamander-forage-inside-your-refrigerator/ |
0.999955 | The government recently announced its latest change to the teacher training programme: in order to make entry into teaching more challenging they will make the QTS skills tests more difficult by raising the pass grade over the next three years.
In order to pass, candidates will need to score the equivalent of a B at GCSE to pass. The government is also hoping to attract high achieving computer scientists into teaching by offering £20,000 scholarships. Yes we need high flying graduates if they have the correct skills to teach. However, a degree from a Russell Group university or an outstanding academic record isn't simply a passport to good teaching.
When I took my GCSEs (nearly 20 years ago) I 'only' achieved a C in English and maths. Does this mean someone who achieved an A* or an A would be a better teacher? Of course not. Raising the minimum requirement to pass the QTS skills test to the equivalent of a B will not improve the quality of teaching, but only prevents potentially outstanding teachers from entering the profession.
It seems like another misguided step from Michael Gove, the education secretary, and shows he understands little about what is required to teach. It is also very shortsighted to think that the standard of teaching will improve because these tests are harder to pass.
In all honesty, why do we have a system that includes skills tests in the first place? If the prerequisite for entry onto a PGCE course includes GCSEs in both English and maths (and science if in primary training) then surely that is a better indication of your ability? Why the need for both?
During my career I have worked and trained with people who, on paper, are far more qualified than me, including the academically gifted and experienced industry professionals. Many of these people have entered the profession under the impression that qualifications, and being considered a 'high flyer' in their industry, will mean they will be a great teacher. Inevitably it's a shock when they start training.
I have also seen many people who, according to their qualifications, should be outstanding, but have dropped out during their training year, failed to complete their NQT year or struggled to get teaching jobs. Why? Because it turns out, there is more to teaching than having a list of qualifications as long as your arm or how successful you are in a chosen industry. More should be made of the other qualities teachers require, that dare I say, are more important.
What qualities make an outstanding teacher?
I tweeted the following question to my followers on Twitter: "What are the most important things to look for in those wanting to train as teachers?"
I really wanted to know what other teachers around the country thought. Was I being naive in thinking that Gove was taking the wrong approach, that raising standards is as easy as raising the minimum qualifications required to train?
• The ability to build relationships, passion, a desire for learning, flexibility and being able to adapt.
• The need to enjoy working with young people and have an idea of what a career in teaching entails.
• A sense of humour in trainee teachers and the ability to see past labels. • The ability to inspire, treat learners like equals and see the potential in all students. Teachers need to be positive, optimistic and confident.
One person tweeted that adaptability was more important than qualifications, which I thought was a great point. Not one person mentioned that trainee teachers need to be highly qualified.
The hypocrisy of Gove's mission to improve the standard of new teachers is that academies can employ people who do not even have a formal teaching qualification to teach. On one hand Gove is saying how important it is that we only allow people to teach who have the best qualifications, and on the other hand that actually, it doesn't matter, employ who you like.
Raising the standards of teaching is very important and I am all for it. However, we cannot lose sight of the other qualities required to teach, over and above just teachers' qualifications. | 2019-04-25T09:04:13 | https://www.theguardian.com/teacher-network/teacher-blog/2012/nov/12/teacher-training-tests-gove-standards |
0.999818 | Sure sending a text is relatively painless, quick and comfortable, but will it land you a date?
Asking a person out on a date was decidedly less complex before 1992. When looking for an immediate response, the person asking had pretty much two options: asking in person or over the phone. December 1992 marks the moment that everything changed, however. In the first week of that month, a 22-year-old Vodaphone software engineer named Neil Papworth sent the world's first text message. Despite their remarkable weight and size, cell phones at the time weren't yet equipped to send texts; Papworth sent the first text, "Merry Christmas," via keyboard to a colleague's phone [source: Shannon].
That first message changed everything. In just a few years, phones would be regularly equipped to send and receive short message service (SMS) and a person interested in asking someone out had a new conundrum: text or call? As with any new technology, the etiquette associated with texting remains a bit murky; there's no definitive way to guide an already nervous would-be date. Instead, the decision to text or call to ask another person out on a date is an individual one, and is based on context. Depending on who's being asked, the decision can speak volumes.
There are decided advantages to sending a text message. They're brief and uncluttered, yet are still able to get the point across. They can also be proofread before sending; a phone conversation can easily become unnecessarily protracted and uncomfortable, especially when the caller is nervous about the prospect of being turned down. The text message also has the added benefit of providing the person being asked the opportunity to quickly -- and remotely -- turn down the request.
While there are certainly exceptions, men seem to prefer texting. In addition to the reasons above, men find that texts assure that the other person will get the message, are an easy option for a busy schedule and save the conversation for the face-to-face date [source: Single City Guy].
There is a discrepancy between what men and women want when it comes to the question of whether to text or call. Calling, according to women who prefer the method, allows for a quicker response time. For example, in a situation where the person asked has said he or she's unavailable for a certain time, the phone call allows for a quick follow-up: When will he or she will be free for a date? A text featuring the same follow-up question, due to the lag time inherent between texts, may "verge on creepy" [source: Farris].
Although the text is decidedly more comfortable, it's this very quality that also serves as detraction in the minds of some people. Included in simply sending a text is another message -- that the sender is something of a coward. A phone call certainly does inherently contain much more risk of discomfort and awkwardness, but because of this, calling to ask for a date is a courageous act -- one that probably won't be lost on the person being asked [source: Gant].
A good rule of thumb, then, would be that if you care about landing the date, ask for it with a phone call. If you're blasé about whether the other person accepts or not, then text; just don't expect a yes. | 2019-04-24T22:31:26 | https://health.howstuffworks.com/relationships/dating/text-or-call.htm |
0.999907 | I am Dr Jim Cromwell, MA(Hons) PsychD CPsychol MRSLI. I am a chartered clinical psychologist working with deaf people for sixteen years.
Hearing people have a lot of auditory cortex, but it is auditory only superficially due to connection to the auditory nerve and is fundamentally auditory only due to its continued processing of auditory stimuli during the early years. For profoundly deaf people this cortex is quickly repurposed to other functions.
For the above reason, and also importantly due to the use of British Sign Language (BSL) as the native language of communication and of THOUGHT, the neurological architecture of deaf people cannot be assumed to be similar to that of hearing people.
Clinically, for reasons of using a language with a visual grammar, and for reasons of differing neuro-architecture, a deaf patient's neurocognitive functioning cannot be assumed to be based upon the same modular cognitive skill-sets as hearing patients. For example the useful distinction of verbal/auditory and visual memory is meaningless for a deaf patient, and the relationship between motor cortex and language production will be stronger. "Subvocalisation" becomes very different indeed, and so on.
Neurocognitive instruments are based upon studies of the factor structure of hearing people's cognitive function, but these are invalid and misleading for deaf people. It has been documented repeatedly in the deafness literature that hearing doctors when faced with a deaf patient with whom communication is difficult (including when effectively and appropriately interpreted) rely heavily on these instruments as they appear to be more scientifically robust, when in truth they are dangerously invalid for this group. A specialist centre will be able to recognise and avoid these pitfalls, as well as generate appropriate instruments.
BSL-English interpreted clinical interviews, even at the highest level of competence, yield difficulties that are invisible to the generic-services neurologist and neuropsychologist. Good interpretation of well-formed BSL into well-formed English inevitably also interprets deaf cognitions as hearing ones, masking the important differences for clinicians. Also, neurocognitively impaired deaf people will present with specific language impairments which are impossible to identify via interpretation unless the neuro-clinician is themselves fluent in BSL, or if the interpreter is neuropsychiatrically trained.
Opportiunities for rehabilitative interventions are far reduced for deaf patients, since group interventions are impossible for deaf people in groups of hearing people, and ineffective when accompanied by an interpreter (and also decreasingly effective for the hearing people in that group due to the changed fluidity of the interactions). A specialist centre will be better placed to construct groups of similarly-impaired deaf people due to the increased incidence of those neuroimpairments presenting to clinic. Signing clinicians would be able to run rehab groups comparable to those provided for hearing people.
Equally one-to-one interventions are more effectively implemented when provided directly in BSL, than via interpretation.
I cannot stress highly enough the importance of such a service and would happily make myself available to elaborate on any of the above points. | 2019-04-21T06:49:16 | https://www.jimcromwellinterpreting.com/peripheralbrain/2013/03/in-favour-of-specialist-deaf-neurology.html |
0.999953 | firefox 55.0.3, accept cookies unchecked, cookie allow exceptions do not work-- basically they are ignored. Earlier versions worked.
Firefox 55.0.3, windows 10 The goal is to not accept any cookies except ones that I specifically allow. (For example for my webmail account.) I am trying these settings: Accept cookies unchecked. cookie exeptions allow. Tried all combinations for "always use private browsing mode" and "clear history when firefox closes." Basically it ignores the cookies exceptions. This used to work fine on previous firefox versions, on other computers. The failure described here occurs for installations of firefox 55.0.3 on two different windows 10 computers.
Hello. I use firefox 64 on windows 7. Why i cant delete single cookie from some site? I can delete only all cookies for some site. | 2019-04-19T23:01:36 | https://support.mozilla.org/es/search?q=cookies&esab=a&page=2 |
0.99999 | Introduction: Company G operates a small chain of wholly owned home centers selling to consumers and contractors. Sales volume varies among the individual stores and ranges between $11 million and $20 million per year. The company is organized as a corporation and does not operate as a sub-chapter S corporation. Given: Consolidated financial statements for Company G are shown on the attached “Statement Analysis Template.” • Sales volume shown is net sales. • During Year 12 60% of net sales were on a credit basis. • Inventory is stated at cost on a first-in, first-out basis. • Depreciation expense totaled $1,875,000 for Year 12 and $1,644,000 for Year 11. • Depreciation expense is not shown as a separate item on the income statements but is included in store operating expense and general and administrative expense. • Depreciable assets are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the assets. • The market value for the company common stock at the end of Year 11 was $3.50/share and at the end of Year 12 it was $5.75/share. For this task, you will use financial statements and pertinent industry data to interpret Company G’s financial condition. The required ratios have been calculated for Year 11 and are shown on the attached “Statement Analysis Template.” Ratios gathered from financial statements that were submitted to banks and other financing institutions by a large number of home centers are also included on the template. The industry ratios included on the template were generated from statements submitted by stores with annual sales between $10 million and $24 million. As you develop your response, you should consider Company G trends by comparing Year 12 ratios to the same ratios for Year 11, consider what is depicted by the horizontal analysis, and benchmark Company G’s performance and condition by comparing Year 12 ratios with the same ratios for the home center industry. Task: A. Calculate each of the thirteen indicated ratios for Year 12 indicated in the attached “Statement Analysis Template.” Complete the attached spreadsheet with this information. B. Complete a horizontal analysis of the income statements using the attached spreadsheet with this information. Note: Round the percentages to the nearest hundredth of a percent, i.e. 6.84%. Answers like 6.80% or rounded up to 7% are not acceptable. C. Complete a horizontal analysis of the balance sheets using the attached spreadsheet with this information. Note: Round the percentages to the nearest hundredth of a percent, i.e. 6.84%. Answers like 6.80% or rounded up to 7% are not acceptable. D. Write a business memorandum to the CEO of Company G (suggested length of 2–3 pages) in which you: 1. Explain for each ratio and trend whether the ratio or trend indicates a strength of the company; a likely weakness, threat, or emerging problem; or a satisfactory condition that management should not view as a strength or weakness. 2. Justify your identification of each ratio or trend as a strength, weakness, or satisfactory condition. 3. Evaluate the Company G ratios and trends against the available ratios and trends for the home center industry. • Include the URL where you found the information you have entered on the template. Note: Information on trends can be gathered through Internet research. Some suggested websites are included in the Web Links section below. Please consider, however, that ratios you find on the Internet are generally computed as of the current date so ratios on the task might not match the numbers you see in your research. It is best to consider the data based on the trends you see for the industry and how Company G is doing related to those trends. E. When you use sources, include all in-text citations and references in APA format. | 2019-04-24T06:10:55 | https://www.msahomeworkhelp.com/index.php?page=answer&question=201 |
0.998385 | Can I apply DR's Secret products around or near the eye area?
Yes, most of DR's Secret products can be applied across the face including the eye area for most skin types.
However, depending on your skin condition, putting on too much nutrients around the eye area may cause excessive burden to the delicate skin, which may promote the growth of fat granules. If you are suffering from such problems, refrain from using Moisturizer 6 around the eye area and switch to use products with lighter texture to avoid over-nourishment.
Spot Serum 8 is suitable for troubled skin and should be applied on affected areas only.
We strongly recommend the use of Aestier Eye Cream, which is specially formulated for your eye area.
Are DR's Secret products suitable for all skin types, including sensitive or irritated skin?
Yes, DR's Secret products are formulated for all skin types. Please refer to the DR's Secret Regime for recommendations to different skin conditions.
It is good to note that different individuals have varying skin responses and reactions to different cosmetic ingredients. A good practice is to do a sensitivity test by applying the product at the back of your ear or the inside of your arm to detect any signs of reaction or allergy. This can help reduce the chance of irritation.
Are Dr's Secret product safe to be used long term?
Yes. Our range of skin care products are designed to cater to different skin conditions. Thus, users may enjoy using DR's Secret at all ages. Our products are specially formulated with a rich blend of botanical extracts to renew skin radiance and does not contain any drugs, steroids or hormones. Products are also regularly sent for extensive laboratory tests to ensure compliance to product safety.
Please refer to DR's Secret Regime to help you achieve optimal results with long-term use.
Individual results may vary depending on the skin condition.
In general, you should see noticeable improvements approximately 1 month after consistent usage. As our skin cells require a timeframe to go through a renewal process, we encourage consistent use of the products for 3 to 6 months for more significant and ideal results. In the long run, you should be able to witness skin that is healthier and rejuvenated.
I have a busy life and need to keep my routine simple. Which are the necessities that I should use?
DR's Secret regimes are simple and easy to apply. Each regime will only take approximately 5-8 minutes to complete. Most importantly, you will enjoy this program when you see your skin improve every day!
Depending on your skin needs, the recommended regime may vary, please refer to DR's Secret Regime.
Is DR's Secret Touch and LIF suitable for all skin types?
Yes, DR's Secret LIF is suitable for all skin types. Please make sure that you are using suitable products for your skin type and to use correct massage method. You can follow DR's Secret Regime and pair DR's Secret LIF with the products accordingly.
If you have acne, please follow the regime and use only Blue Light to help kill bacteria and soothe inflamed skin. Use only a pause-and-hold method. Once then acne condition is improved, you can use other Modes with gliding method.
Can I use DR's Secret LIF near my eye area?
Yes you can. For any eye massage or treatment, apply eye cream evenly around eye area. Use B or L mode to massage eye area. You can use a gliding motion or pause-and-hold motion.
Take care not to press too hard on your eye and not to shine the light directly into your eyes.
If you have any eye conditions or went for any eye procedure or surgery, please do not use DR's Secret LIF in the meantime. You should recover completely before using DR's Secret LIF near your eyes.
Can I use DR's Secret LIF and Touch if I have severe acne?
Yes. For DR's Secret Touch, use only Cleansing Mode with gliding action. Remember to glide gently.
For DR's Secret LIF, we recommend using Cleansing Mode for deep-cleansing to remove impurities. Glide gently to cleanse.
You may also use Blue Light with a Pause-and-Hold method until acne severity is reduced.
Can I use my own skin care products for DR's Secret Touch and LIF?
Yes, you may use your skin care products as long as they are water-based. The products should also facilitate gliding motion. We recommend using DR's Secret and Aestier products.
I feel a heating sensation in Heat Mode for DR's Secret LIF. Is that normal?
Yes, the heat is generated from deep under your skin. It means that collagen production is happening, thus it is very normal to experience mild heat. Collagen production will help reduce saggy skin, wrinkles and fine lines.
Can DR's Secret Touch and LIF be used on the neck?
Yes you can. The skin on our neck is frequently neglected. For best results, use with a suitable product such as anti-ageing serum.
For DR's Secret Touch, use Lifting, Vitamin C or Facial Mode.
For DR's Secret LIF use V, B, L or Heat Mode. Use an upwards motion if you wish to have lifting effects.
For lymphatic drainage, use a downwards motion on the neck. Move downwards from the neck to the chest and to the armpits.
I feel some tingling sensations on my skin when using DR's Secret Touch and LIF. Is that normal?
It is normal to feel tingling sensations. However to prevent this from happening, always ensure that you apply sufficient skin care products and that the massage head is always in full contact with your face.
Can I use DR's Secret Touch and LIF on my scalp and body?
Yes you can. For DR's Secret Touch, use Facial Mode of general massage. For lifting and firming purposes, use Lifting Mode. For acupoint massage, use Eye-Zone Mode or Vitamin C Mode.
For DR's Secret LIF, use V or B Mode to help increase skin care absorption, or L or Heat Mode for skin firmness.
As DR's Secret Touch and LIF was customised for face use, you may find that it may not be as effective when used on the scalp or body.
Are there any UV rays emitted?
No, there are no UV rays emitted. Our products have undergone vigorous testing to ensure that no UV rays or radiation are emitted.
Can I wash DR's Secret Touch and LIF under running water?
No. Washing the devices under running water will cause damage to the device. Clean the massage head with wet tissue and leave to air dry. You may also use dry tissue to wipe it dry.
Alternatively, you may use disinfectant wipes to clean the massage head. Take extra care when cleaning the grooves of the massage head.
My DR's Secret Touch and LIF titanium head looks rusty and corroded.
The titanium head of DR's Secret Touch and LIF is made of inert titanium and it will not react with other materials. Do not scrub the metal head with any metal scrub or use harsh detergent on it. By doing so, you are removing the inert material and exposing the device to wear and tear.
Clean the massage head gently with wet and dry tissue, taking extra care when cleaning the grooves of the massage head.
Is the massage head hypoallergenic?
Yes, the massage head is made from high density material and titanium poles and is safe for all skin types.
How long do I have to use DR's Secret Touch or LIF before I see results?
It depends on your skin type and how severe are your skin concerns. For users with normal skin or mild concerns, you may see results in a few sessions. For users with severe skin concerns, it will take more treatments to see results.
Can I use DR's Secret Touch or LIF if I am pregnant or am fitted with a medical device?
If you are pregnant or suspect yourself to be pregnant, please consult your physician before using DR's Secret Touch or LIF. If you have a cardiac problem or are fitted with any form of medical device, please also consult your physician before use.
My DR's Secret Touch and LIF are not charging.
The charging display on DR's Secret Touch charging dock should be lighted up during charging. If not, check that the charging terminals are free from dust and dirt. Clean with cotton buds if needed. For DR's Secret LIF, charging will occur even if the device is switched off. Switch on the power button to check the battery status. If you are using the charging dock, the charging display will light up. | 2019-04-25T13:14:38 | https://www.drs-secret.com/faq |
0.997626 | Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Ctr Interdisciplinary Sci, Hyderabad 500107, Andhra Pradesh, India..
We perform direct numerical simulations (DNS) of passive heavy inertial particles (dust) in homogeneous and isotropic two-dimensional turbulent flows (gas) for a range of Stokes number, St < 1. We solve for the particles using both a Lagrangian and an Eulerian approach (with a shock-capturing scheme). In the latter, the particles are described by a dust-density field and a dust-velocity field. We find the following: the dust-density field in our Eulerian simulations has the same correlation dimension d(2) as obtained from the clustering of particles in the Lagrangian simulations for St < 1; the cumulative probability distribution function of the dust density coarse grained over a scale r, in the inertial range, has a left tail with a power-law falloff indicating the presence of voids; the energy spectrum of the dust velocity has a power-law range with an exponent that is the same as the gas-velocity spectrum except at very high Fourier modes; the compressibility of the dust-velocity field is proportional to St(2). We quantify the topological properties of the dust velocity and the gas velocity through their gradient matrices, called A and B, respectively. Our DNS confirms that the statistics of topological properties of B are the same in Eulerian and Lagrangian frames only if the Eulerian data are weighed by the dust density. We use this correspondence to study the statistics of topological properties of A in the Lagrangian frame from our Eulerian simulations by calculating density-weighted probability distribution functions. We further find that in the Lagrangian frame, the mean value of the trace of A is negative and its magnitude increases with St approximately as exp(-C/St) with a constant C approximate to 0.1. The statistical distribution of different topological structures that appear in the dust flow is different in Eulerian and Lagrangian (density-weighted Eulerian) cases, particularly for St close to unity. In both of these cases, for small St the topological structures have close to zero divergence and are either vortical (elliptic) or strain dominated (hyperbolic, saddle). As St increases, the contribution to negative divergence comes mostly from saddles and the contribution to positive divergence comes from both vortices and saddles. Compared to the Eulerian case, the Lagrangian (density-weighted Eulerian) case has less outward spirals and more converging saddles. Inward spirals are the least probable topological structures in both cases. | 2019-04-18T22:56:34 | http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:1203276 |
0.99973 | How old am I if I was born on October 4 1915?
103 years 6 months 17 days old!
There are only 5 months 12 days until your Birthday! | 2019-04-21T20:26:12 | https://howoldcalculator.com/october-04-year-1915/ |
0.99857 | My view is the elaborate relational theory of meaning that has been developed in SFL, building on Saussure, Firth, Malinowski, Hjelmslev etc. One type of relation is valeur between features in systems, another is between these features and their structural realisations, another between these realisations and instantiations in text, another between unfolding structures in texts. These sets of relations are cycled through relations between functions and classes at each rank, and each stratum of language and social context. Meaning can't be taken out of these relations and defined as in a dictionary, the relations are the meanings.
A less confusing way to put this is: the valeur of a feature in a system is its relations to other features; the set of oppositions it contrasts with. It is the feature that carries valeur. The advantage of using the term 'valeur' is that it pinpoints a precise definition that would be obscured by the general term 'meaning'. It also avoids the confusion that would arise in speaking of the "meaning" of a phonological feature such as [stop] or [velar].
The relation between systems and structures is not "meaning", it is realisation: a relation between different levels of abstraction; e.g. the relation between syllable systems and syllable structures is not "meaning", it is the realisational relation between the paradigmatic and syntagmatic axes.
To the extent to which this is coherent, the relation between 'structural realisations' and 'instantiations in text' is not "meaning", it is realisation as in : i.e. the relation between the paradigmatic — (instance of) the system — and syntagmatic axes.
As [1,2,3] demonstrate, Rose's view is not that which has developed in SFL, just a misconstrual of it that fosters confusion. | 2019-04-21T08:05:47 | http://thoughts-that-cross-my-mind.blogspot.com/2014/02/david-rose-on-relations.html |
0.999981 | Is There Another Reason For Toyota to Make a Hydrogen Fuel Cell Car?
Recently, Toyota announced production of the Mirai hydrogen fuel cell car to be sold in California. But what is a hydrogen fuel cell? Without going into all the details, the basic idea is that you can get an electrical current when you combine hydrogen with oxygen (you also get water).
But why would you make a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle? I think Elon Musk said it best: "I think that they're extremely silly". He's right. Hydrogen fuel cells work great. However, you have to have hydrogen first. You can't just go to the store and get hydrogen, you have to make it by breaking apart water. This takes a bunch of energy to accomplish. Oh, that's not the only place you can get hydrogen. You can also produce hydrogen from fossil fuels. Yes, getting hydrogen from fossil fuels sort of defeats the main reason to use hydrogen in the first place.
Ok, hydrogen fuel cells aren't always silly. If you need a reliable battery with a large fuel supply, hydrogen fuel cells are a good choice. For example - in space, hydrogen fuel cells are a perfect choice. If everyone on Earth used the fuel cell, we would have a problem making enough hydrogen (and storing it).
Ok, here comes the speculation about Toyota's FCV (fuel cell vehicle). What if Toyota is promoting the FCV because they have an abundance of hydrogen? If there is a bunch of hydrogen just sitting around doing nothing, then maybe the FCV is a good idea. But why hydrogen? This next brilliant step comes from my colleague Eric Booth. He suggests that perhaps Toyota is looking at making (or someone else making) deuterium with hydrogen as a by product.
What is deuterium and what would you use it for? Deuterium could be used in a nuclear fusion reactor. So maybe Toyota is counting on a nuclear fusion reactor in the near future. Of course there are many questions left to answer (to fully understand this speculation).
Let's start with nuclear fission. A fission reactor starts with a heavy element like uranium. If you shoot a neutron at a uranium atom, you can get the atom to break into two smaller pieces. Here is the magic part. The mass of the original uranium atom is larger than the combined mass of all the pieces it broke into. Mass (by itself) is not conserved.
How about an analogy. Supposed I have 10 dollars and I give it to some to make change. They hand back a 5 dollar bill, 4 one dollar bills 3 quarters, two dimes and 4 pennies. You might think - "hey! Where's my extra penny!" Yes, in the conversion you lost a penny. The same thing happens with uranium. You lose a little bit of mass when you break apart the atom - but it's not really lost. The tiny bit of mass was converted into energy. Let me write this as an equation.
Yes. This is the famous E = mc2 equation. In it, m is the mass of an object and c is the speed of light (2.99 x 102 m/s). Since the value of c is large, a small difference in mass can produce a lot of energy (that is the KE - the kinetic energy of the products). Technically, there could be electromagnetic radiation as energy produced too.
This is how a fission reaction works. You start with something like uranium and break it down. This produces extra energy which you then use to turn water into steam and drive a turbine to generate electricity. The biggest draw back is the left over "stuff" after the nuclear reaction. The products are radioactive and generally "not good" - so you have to store them somewhere. Say hello to nuclear waste.
Now what about fusion? Fusion is JUST like fission except that you gain energy by combining elements. However, you can't just take any elements and put them together to get energy - it only works for lower mass elements like hydrogen, helium and stuff like that. The big advantage to fusion is that you end up with not-so-bad stuff like helium. Everyone loves helium.
Great. But what does this have to do with deuterium and hydrogen? Suppose I have two protons (a hydrogen atom is just a proton and an electron). If I put them near each other they repel since they are both positive. In fact, the closer they get the greater the repulsive force.
This repulsive force is the Coulomb force and it exerts forces on objects with electric charge (like the proton). There is another force - the Strong Nuclear Force. This is an attractive force between particles like protons and neutrons. If you could get the two protons close enough, the strong force would make a them combine into one atom. But you can't (well, not very easily). You can't get two protons close enough because the repulsive force is too great. This is where deuterium comes into the picture. What is deuterium? Well, it's just like hydrogen except that it has a proton and a neutron in the nucleus instead of just a proton.
Everyone knows that protons are red and neutrons are gray - right? If you add a neutron to the proton, you don't change the electric charge. However, you do increase the attractive force between two deuterium nuclei. The neutron does not experience the Coulomb force but it does have the attractive strong force. This difference makes nuclear fusion between two deuterium atoms possible. In the end you would get helium and energy. Boom.
That's why you need deuterium. But wait! If you take two deuterium and an oxygen, you get a molecule that is similar to H2O but is different. This is called heavy water. You can find heavy water mixed in with normal water - but here is the important part. Heavy water can be used in nuclear fission reactors in a way to produce weaponizable plutonium. So people like to keep track of the heavy water. This site has lots of useful (and easy to understand) explanations of nuclear weapons production.
The easiest way to make deuterium is by having a Big Bang. It's assumed most of the deuterium we see today was created during the Big Bang (which if you think about it, that's pretty awesome). Ok, if you don't have a Big Bang handy then the next best thing is to find the left over pieces from the first Big Bang. If you look at sea water, you will find a lot of H2O (as you would expect). However, you can also find some D2O (heavy water). About 1 out of every 5,000 H2O will actually be heavy water instead.
If you collect enough water, you can separate the heavy water from the water. Yes, this no simple task - but it can indeed be accomplished. Once you have heavy water, you can separate the oxygen and deuterium using electrolysis. The basic idea is to put two electrodes into the heavy water with an electric potential across it. By running a current through the liquid, you will break up the D2O into deuterium and oxygen.
There is another way to get deuterium. If you want, you could take water and use electrolysis to break it into hydrogen and oxygen. Some of that hydrogen would actually be deuterium. Once you have just hydrogen there are ways to just get the deuterium. In this last case you end up with a BUNCH of hydrogen left over.
What could you do with all this left over hydrogen? Oh, you could use it in a fuel cell vehicle. Now we are back to Toyota's FCV. Oh, don't forget that Lockheed Martin said that are working on a compact fusion reactor. Coincidence? Maybe.
Toyota is making fuel cell vehicles which require hydrogen.
I believe Elon Musk when he says that hydrogen fuel cells are silly.
Lockheed Martin said that nuclear fusion is just around the corner.
You probably need deuterium to make nuclear fusion work.
If you make a bunch of deuterium, you probably get even more hydrogen as a by product. This leads to.... hydrogen fuel cells.
It all makes sense now. Well, even if it's not true it's still a great excuse to talk about fusion and fission. | 2019-04-24T16:20:55 | https://www.wired.com/2015/03/another-reason-toyota-make-hydrogen-fuel-cell-car/ |
0.998785 | move the file manager from one website to another?
I am building a new website and want to migrate the content from the old site to the new site. is there an easy way to do this? For example, can I "import" the file manager from the old website to my new website?
Unfortunately, you cannot move a file manager from one site to another. Any content will just need to be re-uploaded. | 2019-04-20T23:07:00 | https://community.homestead.com/homestead/topics/move-the-file-manager-from-one-website-to-another |
0.999974 | This Christopher was born 2 July 1714 in Lambton, Durham, England, the first child of John Fawcett (3-3) and Elizabeth Stonehewer. On 29 May 1757 he married Wimfred Lambert in St. Andrew, Newcastle, Northumberland, England.. They had six children; Winifred (5-1), Julia (5-2), Christina Winifred (5-3), John (5-4), Elizabeth (5-5), and Anne Mary (5-6). Winifred Lambert was bom about 1717 of Newcastle. Christopher (4-5) was a barrister. He died 10 May 1795 and was buried 14 May 1795 in St. John, Newcastle, Northumberland. | 2019-04-22T05:00:32 | http://www.myfamilyonline.com/getperson.php?personID=I2816&tree=T1 |
0.996505 | Not concerned with your processed food intake? After all, you don't do it all the time, right? A new study suggests even a small percentage increase in ultra-processed food consumption can increase the risk of cancer by more than that amount.
First, what's ultra-processed food? Here's how the researchers who performed this study and reported on their findings in the British Medical Journal, defined it: "mass produced packaged breads and buns; sweet or savoury packaged snacks; industrialised confectionery and desserts; sodas and sweetened drinks; meat balls, poultry and fish nuggets, and other reconstituted meat products transformed with addition of preservatives other than salt (for example, nitrites); instant noodles and soups; frozen or shelf stable ready meals; and other food products made mostly or entirely from sugar, oils and fats, and other substances not commonly used in culinary preparations such as hydrogenated oils, modified starches, and protein isolates."
Sound familiar? Yes, that's the commonly consumed American diet in a nutshell. Unfortunately, when the researchers evaluated cancer risk based on ultra-processed food consumption, they found a mere 10 percent increase in consumption increased cancer risk significantly (by greater than 10 percent). In other words, eating more ultra-processed foods definitely wasn't worth the risk.
But don't think your diet has to be Spartan to improve your odds. Here's the diet researchers considered not ultra-processed for comparison: "'unprocessed or minimally processed foods' (fresh, dried, ground, chilled, frozen, pasteurised, or fermented staple foods such as fruits, vegetables, pulses, rice, pasta, eggs, meat, fish, or milk), 'processed culinary ingredients' (salt, vegetable oils, butter, sugar, and other substances extracted from foods and used in kitchens to transform unprocessed or minimally processed foods into culinary preparations), and 'processed foods' (canned vegetables with added salt, sugar coated dried fruits, meat products preserved only by salting, cheeses, freshly made unpackaged breads, and other products manufactured with the addition of salt, sugar, or other substances of the 'processed culinary ingredients' group)."
Trust us, you don't want cancer, and anyone who's diagnosed with cancer wishes they'd made dietary, exercise and other lifestyle changes sooner. Your doctor can tell you more about healthy eating and how even small steps can make a big difference. | 2019-04-24T05:06:31 | https://www.toyourhealth.com/mpacms/tyh/article.php?id=2485 |
0.999888 | Is Turkey Still Arming Islamic State?
Originally published under the title, "Turkey: Not-Quite Rule of Law."
Ali Babacan, a world-renowned economist and Turkey's mild-mannered Deputy Prime Minister, put it realistically in a recent speech: "Public trust in the justice system is in steady decline."
How could it not be? Turkey has finally become a country where prosecutors and law enforcement authorities get indicted rather than indict suspects. The latest episode unveils how Turkey's Islamist government not-so-secretly supported the radical Islamists in Syria.
On Jan. 19, 2014, the Turkish gendarmerie command stopped and searched three trucks in southern Turkey, heading for Syria. Accompanying the trucks were Turkish intelligence officers, and the trucks had a bizarre cargo: In the first container, 25-30 missiles or rockets and 10-15 crates loaded with ammunition; in the second, 20-25 missiles or rockets, 20-25 crates of mortar rounds and anti-aircraft ammunition in five or six sacks. The crates had markings in the Cyrillic (Russian) alphabet.
After a brawl, a prosecutor arrested the men and seized the cargo. The search was videotaped by the law enforcement officers.
The local governor rushed to the scene and declared that the trucks were moving upon orders from then Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan (now President). The trucks were handed back to the Turkish intelligence agency, MIT.
Erdogan sees Islamic State as a potential ally to topple his regional nemesis, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.
One of the drivers testified that the cargo had been loaded onto the trucks from a foreign airplane at Ankara's Esenboga Airport and that "we carried similar loads several times before."
Half a year later, a military prosecutor took charge of the legal proceedings and concluded that "this incident was a military affair." Then came a total media blackout on the mysterious event. Finally, all law enforcement officers who searched the trucks, including the gendarmerie units, were put on trial on charges of "international espionage."
The Turkish government insisted that the weapons were being transported to help Iraqi Turkmen, an ethnic Turkish minority in northern Iraq. But the Turkmen deny receiving any military shipments from Turkey and, on the contrary, claimed that Turkey abandoned them in favor of the Islamic State (IS). Everyone knew who the real recipient of Turkish arms supplies was: the Islamic State.
In early May 2015, the New York Times reported that tens of thousands of kilograms of ammonium nitrate fertilizer, which could be turned into deadly explosives, were being transported over the border from Turkey into IS-controlled sections of Syria.
All law enforcement officers who searched the trucks were charged with "international espionage."
Indeed, Erdogan's administration jailed the men who wanted to jail the men for transporting arms shipments to the Islamic State jihadists.
A Turkish newspaper, Today's Zaman, published excerpts from the prosecutors' testimonies after their arrest. The excerpts make for interesting reading, especially for anyone who might be thinking that Turkey is part of a Western coalition fighting that Islamic State. The punch line is that some officials in Erdogan's administration had links with IS jihadists and similar organizations in Syria.
With the men delivering arms to the jihadists possibly running around freely, looking for new cargoes to deliver to the jihadists, Turkey detained four prosecutors and a gendarmerie colonel on charges of "attempting to topple or incapacitate the Turkish government through the use of force or coercion and exposing information regarding the security and political activities of the state."
The prosecutor who stopped the trucks said in his testimony: "If the trucks were ... carrying weapons to Syria, this cannot be described as a state secret. A criminal action cannot be described as a state secret." Right? Right.
Missile warheads were found in one of the trucks there.
A truck was found to have unloaded some ammunition at a border military post ... on Oct. 6-26, 2013, the ammunition had been taken across the border [into Syria], that security footage proved this and that the ammunition was taken to a camp of the hardline militant group Ahrar al-Sham.
One of the prosecutors asked: "Does MIT [the Turkish intelligence service] have a duty to transport weapons?"
The investigation revealed that the vehicle escorting the trucks was registered in the name of an al-Qaeda member. The prosecutor questioned how intelligence officials could get on a vehicle belonging to an al-Qaeda member.
The weapons in question were transported in an illegal way.
The testimonies are spectacular documents revealing how Turkey's "mild" Islamists were -- and probably are -- "fighting" their more savage ideological kin. Turkey and its NATO allies have totally different threat perceptions and goals in Syria's civil war. For the Western flank, the Islamic State and twenty or so similar jihadist groups are a major threat to peace in the region, but for Turkey they, are potential military allies to topple Erdogan's worst regional enemy, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.
Turkey, which supports the Muslim Brotherhood, would like a Sunni, Muslim Brotherhood-type of rule in Syria after Assad's downfall. To that end, Turkey is currently viewing various jihadist groups in Syria as potential political allies to Islamize Syria exactly along those Sunni, Muslim Brotherhood lines. | 2019-04-22T15:59:37 | https://www.meforum.org/5268/turkey-islamic-state |
0.999718 | You have to ensure you will do everything within your reach to confirm that you will provide safety for your home or commercial premises. There is no better way of securing the things in the premises than ensuring that you will fix the most excellent lock on the door. You require to install the high-security lock systems such as the keyless entries where someone has to use their card or fingerprint to access the building. It is imperative that you do not overlook the works of the locksmiths since they have all that it takes to do the work correctly. It is possible you will have tons of issues when figuring out the most excellent locksmith from a market with many professionals. Deliberated in this text is choosing the most excellent Bridgeport locksmith.
Remember to check the experience that the professional in question has in the field when engaging them for the assignment. You have to check if the locksmith has dealt with the installation and repairs of the high-security lock systems before you engage them. The longest-serving locksmith might be the best for the job since you can be sure they will have mastered the skills on how to perform the installation in the right way.
Do not commit the error of not wishing to know from the locksmith if they will give you an assurance on their services and products before you can hire them for the assignment. There is no doubt you will feel demoralized when it dawns on you that the high-security lock you spent money on is not functioning in the right way. It means that you have to attest to it that the locksmith will give you an extended warranty on their services and products. There is a need to go an extra mile to confirm that the warranty is in writing so that you can be on the safe side in case of anything.
No one requires professional skills to argue that it is possible for your high-security lock system to develop some issues unexpectedly. Working with the local locksmith can be the best move you can make since they will come to your rescue within the shortest time possible. Besides, you should rubberstamp that the locksmith can come to your premises at any time when you request them for emergency services.
Ensure you will not pick a locksmith without asking prices from different professionals to know the most excellent for the work. You have to avoid economic issues after hiring a locksmith by engaging one whose price is not more than your budget for the project can support. | 2019-04-23T22:59:07 | http://www.quartierdusexe.com/lessons-learned-about-businesses.html |
0.999999 | How to use a Bluetooth stereo phone to enjoy music?
Please follow the steps below to operate:<br><br>1.Right-click on the <b>Bluetooth wireless technology</b> icon in the task tray, and click <b>Add New Connection</b>. The <b>Add New Connection Wizard(Welcome to the Add New Connection Wizard)</b> will appear.<br>2.Switch ON the stereo headphone and activate Discoverable mode.<br>3.Confirm that <b>Express Mode</b> has been selected, and then click <b>Next</b>.<br>4.Once the search for the devices has ended, the <b>Add New Connection Wizard(SelectDevice)</b> screen will appear. Select the device name of the stereo headphones from the list, and click <b>Next</b>. The <b>Add new Connection Wizard(Searching for Services)</b> screen will appear.<br>5.Configure the type and name of the icon to appear once registration is complete, and click <b>Next</b>. The <b>Add New Connection Wizard(Configure Connection Name)</b> screen will appear.<br>6.Click <b>Finish</b>. The settings will be registered, and the icon will appear on the Bluetooth Settings screen.<br>7.Connecting to the stereo headphones: You can connect to the sterep headphones form the icon registered in <b>Bluetooth Settings</b>.<br>8.Play music or other audio files on your PC.<br>9.Finishing listening to music and disconnecting: Right-click on the icon for the currently connected mode from Bluetooth Settings on your PC and click <b>Disconnect</b>.A message confirming the disconnection may appear. Click <b>Yes</b> after having followed the instructions in the message. The icon will indicate that the device has been disconnected. | 2019-04-21T18:23:44 | https://www.sony.com.sg/electronics/support/articles/S500021193 |
0.999991 | If you are searching the Internet to find a way to recover deleted videos/music/photos/messages/contacts from your Motorola Droid Razr M, you are in the right place here. In fact, for many reasons you may lose your important files, among which deleting them by accident is the most common one. In the article now, you can learn how to get back your deleted videos/music/photos from your Motorola Droid Razr M in just one click. I recommend you the professional Droid Razr M data recovery program – Dr.Fone for android for Mac OS X or Windows, which enables you to recover deleted files with ease. In addition to media files, other files such as contacts, SMS text messages are also supported by the program.
Note: In order to avoid your lost data from overwritten, you ought to stop using your Droid Razr M once you find data loss. Why? In fact, when you delete videos from your device, they are not lost actually and exist on the phone memory. However, when a new data comes and take up the space, your deleted files will be gone forever.
The Droid Razr M data recovery – Wondershare Dr.Fone for Android is not only a very powerful tool, but also a very easy-handling one. The program now works only on window (from windows XP to Windows 8.1). Please make sure that your PC meets the minimum requirements: 1GHz CPU, 256 ram and a 1GB Hard-Drive. What’s more, the Droid Razr M data recovery – Dr.Fone for android can recover both rooted and non-rooted Motorola Droid Razr M for you.
In the following passages, I will show you how to complete the task with help of the Droid Razr M data recovery program step by step, please download free trial version of the program to have a try before you purchase it. Then please install it on your PC and then run it by double clicking to bring up the starting window.
After preparatory work above, please now connect your Motorola Droid Razr M to PC via a USB cable. The program will start to detect your device as soon as possible and then display it in the starting window. Please now click the big green button “Start” in the starting window if you are ready, the program will then start to analyze your device. It will only take a few seconds.
As a user of Android phone Motorola Droid Razr M, you will see a pop-up window, which request you to allow your device to be in super user mode. Please click the button “Allow” on your Motorola Droid Razr M and then click “Start” on your computer. The program will start the next step for you automatically.
If you did not enable USB debugging on your Droid Razr M, you can click here to enable USB debugging before data recovery. If you have done it before, please skip it.
Now, the program will start to scan the whole memory of your Motorola Droid Razr M and then show you all found files, including contacts, videos, photos, messages, audios, and more. Please wait for a few minutes patiently.
In order to recover all videos, please tick off the videos box in the first Column and then click the button “Recover”. Through the program, you can also preview and recover selected videos by ticking off the box next to the videos you want to recover, then please click “Recover” to continue. The Droid Razr M data recovery program will complete the rest for you automatically. | 2019-04-25T22:06:46 | http://www.czqsoft.com/useguides/Droid-Razr-M-Recovery-Recover-Deleted-Data-from-Motorola-Droid-Razr-M |
0.999997 | Eight friends Aero, Boom, Chris, Dale, Elina, Francos, Gayle and Hippa are sitting around a circle in such a way that three of them are facing outside and rest of them are facing the centre.
Elina is 2nd to the left of Hippa, who is facing outside. Dale is second to the left of Francos and third to the right of Elina, who is facing the centre. Boom is third to the left of Gayle and faces outside. Gayle is third to the left of Aero, who is not an immediate neighbour of Elina and Francos. The friends facing outside are not adjacent.
Q1. Which of the following group is facing outside?
Q2. What is Dale’s position with respect to Aero?
Q3. Who is 2nd to the right of Boom?
Q4. If all the friends change their respective position to immediate right place then who are still facing inside the centre?
Q5. Which of the following is true about the given information?
(a) Chris and Francos are facing each other.
(b) Elina is third to the left of Francos.
(c) Chris is third to the left of Boom.
(d) Gayle and Aero are two places away from each other, if counted in clock wise direction from Aero.
c) if either conclusion I or conclusion II is true.
d) if neither conclusion I nor conclusion II is true.
Q6. Statements: All table are desk. Some desk are chair.
Conclusions: I. Some chair are table. II. All table are chair.
Q7. Statements: Some pagal are mad. No mad is cool.
Conclusions: I. Some pagal are cool. II. No pagal is cool.
Q8. Statements: Some hot are yak. Some bold are hot.
Conclusions: I. Some hot are bold. II. Some bold are yak.
Q9. Statements: All the stairs are ball. Some zebra are ball.
Conclusions: I. Some ball are stairs. II. No stairs is a zebra.
Q10. Statements: Some shop are malls. Some malls are roof.
Conclusions: I. All shop are roof. II. Some roof are shop. | 2019-04-23T19:59:13 | http://www.governmentadda.com/reasoning-quiz-for-sbi-po-ibps-clerk-railway-rrb-je-laxmivilas-bank-po-rbi-other-exams-21/ |
0.9987 | Melissa Gilliam says that starting her day with exercise gives her an energy boost and helps clear her mind: "I'm kind of religious about getting to the gym in the morning. I get up before (my kids) are awake, and I go to the gym. It opens at 6, so I go at 6, and we have a whole community of people who go in the morning. It's the same group of people, so we all say hello."
With the decline in teen pregnancy rates in recent years, you might think that Dr. Melissa Gilliam would be declaring victory.
"I suddenly looked at my clinic, and I said, 'I have all these kids who have not gotten pregnant, but they're struggling in school, they have some of the most complex home situations you could imagine, the rates of obesity are incredible, their access to good food and nutrition is bleak,'" says Gilliam, an obstetrician-gynecologist at the University of Chicago Medical Center who has dedicated much of her career to the city's most disadvantaged teens.
"They didn't get pregnant, and I know how hard that is, but what are we offering them? What opportunities do they have?"
For a lot of us, those would have been rhetorical questions. For Gilliam, they were a call to action. The Harvard- and Yale-educated daughter of a journalist and an abstract painter, named one of the top doctors in the city by Chicago magazine, decided it was time to look outside the walls of the medical center and enlist experts from a wide range of fields — economics, sociology, theater, game design — in her quest to improve the lives of at-risk women and children.
The result, the Center for Interdisciplinary Inquiry and Innovation in Sexual and Reproductive Health (Ci3) at the University of Chicago, was launched this year, with plans to use the resources of the university and partner closely with community organizations.
The following is an edited transcript of a recent interview with Gilliam, who lives in Chicago with her husband, also a doctor, and their two children.
Q: What's going on at Ci3?
A: One program that we are working with is using game design as a way of teaching about sexual and reproductive health, and also as a way of letting youth be engaged in the process of self-education, critical inquiry and self-discovery. So we set up small camps and workshops with young people, and we design projects that we then use as interventions with other young people.
Q: Can you give me an example?
A: We have one game that we designed over a week, and it's a card game. The game is about sexually transmitted infections, but it's also about how do we communicate and deal with all of the things that are involved in sexually transmitted infection? How do we communicate around stigma and fear and shame and bravery? There's a role-play part where you have to take on these challenges: The thing that you're fighting against could be shame, and all the players have to think, OK, we have four traits: (say,) humor, resilience — whatever those traits are. And each person has to say, "How would I use humor to deal with shame?" They sort of work through that as a group.
Q: Did you always know you wanted to be a doctor?
A: It wasn't so much knowing what I wanted to be, but I just always felt things very deeply. I just remember being a kid and following national politics and being very worried about war and the number of people who were incarcerated. Any social justice issue, I seemed to be deeply moved by. I even remember my dad (the artist Sam Gilliam) saying to me at one point, "You know, Melissa, you need to have a little perspective on these things. These are not all your problems — you can't take everything to heart."
A: I think I was 8 or 9.
Q: You grew up in Washington, D.C. How did you end up in Chicago?
A: You can do something called couples matching (for your medical residency), where you tie your options to another person, and it limits your options. So my husband loved Northwestern, and it was my very first time saying, "I'm not going to do what I want; I'm going to do what you want." It was my very first time compromising.
Q: Do you miss the East Coast?
A: I get there a lot, but the Midwest is calmer in many ways. It does not have the intensity of the East Coast, the rush, rush, rush all the time, and yet you can still be part of all of these things.
Q: Your mom (Dorothy Butler Gilliam) is a journalist.
A: She wrote for The Washington Post, and then she ended up writing a column, so she'd write about us.
Q: So you were famous.
A: Yeah, in that goofy way. And when we were first born (Gilliam has two sisters), she took some time off and did some television, and then my dad is an artist, so you'd sign your name, and people would say, "Oh!" And D.C. is in the South, and it was in the '70s and '80s, so people would say, "Oh, she was wearing this, and her hair looked like this," so you were always worried that you weren't pulled together. I was like, I'm going to go live in New York where nobody knows me!
A: I have two kids, an 11-year-old and a 14-year-old. I spend a lot of time playing soccer. … I (also) take piano lessons.
Q: Are you a good pianist?
A: It's funny, because at first, by willpower alone, I leapfrogged over my kids, but my son has since just trounced me. He looks at me in the rearview mirror. He's good, you know? I'm like, how do you move your fingers so quickly? How do you do this?
Q: You're tackling a lot. What inspires you when you encounter challenges or setbacks? | 2019-04-23T02:30:05 | https://www.chicagotribune.com/living/ct-xpm-2013-03-31-ct-tribu-remarkable-gilliam-20130331-story.html |
0.999952 | HARRISBURG, Pa. (AP) - A Republican congressman from Pennsylvania who settled a former aide's sexual harassment complaint with taxpayer money told Republican House Speaker Paul Ryan on Thursday that he will not seek re-election, according to a spokesman for Ryan.
The complaint by a former aide three decades younger than U.S. Rep. Pat Meehan came to light Jan. 20 in a New York Times report, citing unnamed people. The accuser's lawyer, Alexis Ronickher, called the allegations "well-grounded" and a "serious sexual harassment claim."
Meehan, 62, is a four-term congressman and former U.S. attorney in Philadelphia. The married father of three had described the woman in an interview as a "soul mate," and acknowledged that he had lashed out when he discovered she had begun dating another man. But he contended he had done nothing wrong and had never sought a romantic relationship with her.
The Times report spurred Ryan to call for an Ethics Committee investigation and Meehan's removal from the committee. Ryan also told Meehan to repay the money and the Ethics Committee opened an investigation into whether Meehan sexually harassed the woman and misused official resources.
Meehan is the fifth member of Congress to resign or say he won't run again amid a national reckoning over sexual misconduct in the workplace.
The former aide made the complaint last summer to the congressional Office of Compliance after Meehan became hostile toward her when she did not reciprocate his romantic interest in her, and she left the job, the Times reported.
The settlement had been kept secret, and Meehan refused to say how much taxpayer money he paid as part of the agreement. Meehan said he followed the advice of House lawyers and Ethics Committee guidance in agreeing to the payment.
He said he had developed strong feelings for the woman in the seven years she had worked for him, and that he reacted badly when he discovered that she had a romantic interest in another man.
He told reporters that while he had struggled with his feelings, he also insisted that he had kept their relationship professional. Meehan represents a closely divided district in moderate southeastern Pennsylvania that has been criticized as being among the nation's most gerrymandered districts.
Initially, Meehan had said he would run for a fifth term. But even after he aired his side of the story, Republicans quietly looked for other candidates, believing that Meehan could not regain voter confidence after he had used taxpayer money to settle the case.
The badly contorted district - drawn by Republicans before the 2012 election in a bid to help Meehan win re-election - is a huge liability for Republicans and could change dramatically in a court-ordered redrawing of Pennsylvania's congressional boundaries.
Democrat Hillary Clinton narrowly won the district in the 2016 presidential election, and winning it likely becomes an even bigger target for Democrats riding an anti-Trump wave in Philadelphia's suburbs. | 2019-04-18T18:32:52 | https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/nation-world/nation/article/Lawmaker-who-settled-harassment-complaint-won-t-12526794.php |
0.999986 | We are encountering the following issue: Googlebot encountered extremely large numbers of links on your site. The site is an ecommerce site and has around 12M pages indexed in Google. From the examples provided, a majority of links are from facets and internal search queries. The facets are using rel="canonical" to the non faceted version and set to 'No URLs' via URL parameters. The search pages are noindexed and set to 'No URL's via URL parameters and up until recently were blocked via robots.txt. Despite blocking the facets/search pages via URL parameters, using canonical, and noindex Googlebot is still crawling these pages.
I've heard that I should also be blocking the facets via robots.txt, but we had our search pages disallowed in robots.txt and Google did not honor it.
What other options do I have to resolve this issue?
Regrading @John Mueller's answer to a similar problem: Solving "Googlebot encountered extremely large numbers of links on your site." He says that the message is sent out before the new URLs are crawled, meaning the robots.txt, and noindex robot tags, or rel=canonical are not known at that point. Given that the facets have been blocked since 2012, Google should not be finding these unique URLs from crawling our site internally, does this mean that people are externally linking to these faceted links, thus providing Google this list of faceted URLs?
This is not an issue that needs to be resolved. Any site that has a large number of pages on it gets this message. Google tells you this in case you accidentally published URLs, especially ones with duplicate content.
As long as you mean to publish your URLs and are handling any duplicate ones appropriately, this is not an warning that you need to pay further attention to. I've worked with large sites that have had this warning for years, but always enjoyed great rankings and lots of search engine traffic.
I spoke with John Mueller regarding robots.txt, URL parameters, canonicals, and noindexation. Using 'URL parameters' in GWT is a strong suggestion to Googlebot, but not absolute. Googlebot still spot checks the URLs, so depending on the number of URLs the spot check might be fairly visible. Also, since we had 'URL parameters' set to not crawl search queries and facets - Googlebot would be limited to how often the URLs are crawled. Which means it'll take longer to recrawl them and drop them out of Google's index. Regarding robots.txt, since we were blocking the search pages via robots.txt, Googlebot would not be re-crawling the URLs to see the noindex. So, removing the search pages from robots.txt was the correct move.
Because of the amount of search pages/facet pages, it'll take some time for the URLs to get reprocessed. John Mueller gives us a time from half a year to 3/4s a year to be recrawled and dropped out naturally.
Solution: John Mueller's suggestion is to use Google's urgent 'Remove URL' tool found in GWT: Remove URL.
Here is the video link of John Mueller's response from Google webmaster office hours.
if you send us 5-100x more URLs than you actually have content, that can result in us not being able to pick up new content as quickly as we might if we could crawl more efficiently.
So going on a limb, setting the URL parameters for their purpose could make a crawl more efficient....or at the very least allow Gbot to understand what its about to encounter. Seems like just turning them off is an easy way out rather than the "right" way, especially for a major player with huge amounts of facets and query identifiers like Walmart.
Also another thought is your canonicals themselves...noticing on your rel=next in the android tab pc category for example that is full of querystrings such as facet= cat_id= etc. Maybe its just me but that seems counter-intuitive to define a canonical full of querystrings without the bot being able to understand the parameter logic itself.
Again, it's not a direct answer to your question, and im not an expert on your traffic, but it seems to me like it could effect things for the Gbot, even if in a post-warning yet pre-understanding way.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged google google-search-console googlebot or ask your own question.
What to do if Google starts to index fewer pages from your site?
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Is it necessary to block googlebot and googlebot-video to block video crawl? | 2019-04-24T17:54:11 | https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/questions/79925/facets-googlebot-encountered-extremely-large-numbers-of-links-on-your-site |
0.998761 | Scenario: A financial corporation’s customer service center is inundated with calls in a short period regarding customers receiving notifications that their email address and password had been changed. The customers insist they were not the ones to update their profiles, and upon checking the accounts, the service specialists determine the customers’ rewards balances have been depleted.
An emergency response services (ERS) team is called in to investigate, and they find that, fortunately, the integrity of the server was not compromised. Account credential misuse, however, is confirmed — mostly likely due to cybercriminals who compromised accounts with large loyalty card balances and sold them on the Dark Web. The ERS team found that the Web application allowed attackers to access account credentials by incrementing an ID in the URL, guessing simple passwords or exploiting account users’ reuse of passwords from other compromised sites.
This scenario is hypothetical, but cases like it are increasing in frequency. Many companies, including retailers, airlines, hotel chains and financial services, offer a loyalty or rewards program to provide an incentive to customers to make purchases from them and remain loyal to their brand. Loyalty or rewards points can be regarded by consumers as another form of currency. That makes these accounts an attractive target for cybercriminals and has led to several data breaches in the past year.
When a customer’s points are compromised, it’s viewed as a direct hit to finances. Therefore, it is important for organizations that offer these programs to identify the root causes of these compromises and, more importantly, determine what they can do to help minimize the chance of their customers’ hard-earned loyalty points being stolen.
A very high percentage of attacks are facilitated via phishing and spear phishing. Loyalty programs are not immune to these tactics. With an abundance of personal data on the Internet, it is trivial for an attacker to build a pretty accurate profile of a target in a short period. Job title and shopping preferences could be used to craft the perfect phishing email that unsuspecting victims will assume is legitimate.
Figure 1: Illustration of a potential spear phishing email.
An attacker could further doctor up the email above by including a weaponized document designed to exploit application vulnerabilities and perform a drive-by download. This results in malware infection. The attacker can then activate keylogging functionality to capture the users’ login credentials, exfiltrate information or further map out the network and infect other endpoints. An alternative would be to include a link to a phishing page that mimics the look and feel of a legitimate website.
U.S. consumers hold 3.3 billion memberships in customer loyalty programs, according to one 2015 study. Rewards programs are widely used across numerous industries. Following a breach, the very thing that these programs aim to achieve — loyalty — is broken. Reputation is tarnished, which costs organizations money to restore. There is also a financial cost associated with reimbursing customers whose points have been stolen and spent. All of these are reasons for organizations to want to focus on applying data security protocols to these programs. | 2019-04-18T11:21:26 | https://securityintelligence.com/cybercriminals-phish-their-way-into-customer-loyalty-programs/ |
0.998786 | How much is Ray Lamontagne Worth?
Ray Lamontagne net worth: Ray Lamontagne is an American singer, songwriter, and musician who has a net worth of $6 million. Ray Lamontagne was born in Nashua, New Hampshire in June 1973. His musical styles include folk, rock, blues, and soul and he plays guitar, piano, and harmonica. His debut studio album Trouble was released in 2004 and reached #4 in Ireland and #5 in the UK. Ray Lamontagne released the album Till the Sun Turns Black in 2006. His album Gossip in the Grain was released in 2008 and reached #3 on the Billboard 200 chart as did his album God Willin' and the Creek Don't Rise in 2010 which also reached #4 in Canada. Ray Lamontagne's album Supernova was released in 2014 and reached #3 in the US and #4 in Canada. He released the albums Ourboros in 2016 and Part of the Light in 2018. His single "Beg, Steal, or Borrow" reached #1 on the US AAA chart. | 2019-04-21T12:03:50 | https://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-celebrities/rock-stars/ray-lamontagne-net-worth/ |
0.999998 | We can __________ see anything in the dim light.
Few countries can __________ India in variety, colour and the richness of dance forms.
The scheme allows students from different countries to communicate __________.
Knowing that the area was prone to earthquakes, all the buildings were reinforced with additional concrete.
I will not buy some mangoes.
He would surely assist me if I had requested him to do so.
The alarming report of the plane crash left everyone in a state of shock.
That's when they came to know the second-coolest thing about the jamun tree : There were parrots nesting in it. Since then, some other road boys had been capturing the parrots one by one to sell at the Marol Market, but Sunil had brought Kalu around to the belief that the birds should be left as they were. Sunil listened for their squawks each morning, to make sure they hadn't been abducted in the night.
Kalu's expertise was in the recycling bins inside airline catering compounds. Private waste collectors emptied these dumpsters on a regular basis, but Kalu had mastered the trash truck's schedules. The night before pickup, Kalu would climb over the barbed-wire fences and raid the overflowing bins.
Kalu's routine had become known by the local police, however. He kept getting caught, until some constables proposed a different arrangement. Kalu could keep his metal scrap if he'd pass on information he picked up on the road about local drug dealers.
Correct Answer: That they should not be captured and sold.
Correct Answer: He had mastered the trash trucks schedules. | 2019-04-19T01:12:00 | https://sscportal.in/cgl/tier-1/papers/english-comprehension-7-sep-2016-morning-shift |
0.999854 | Phenylalanine is an amino acid, a "building block" of protein. There are three forms of phenylalanine: D-phenylalanine, L-phenylalanine, and the mix made in the laboratory called DL-phenylalanine. D-phenylalanine is not an essential amino acid. Its role in people is not currently understood. L-phenylalanine is an essential amino acid. It is the only form of phenylalanine found in proteins. Major dietary sources of L-phenylalanine include meat, fish, eggs, cheese, and milk.
Aging skin. Early research shows that applying a modified form of phenylalanine called undecylenoyl phenylalanine as a 2% cream twice daily for 12 weeks can reduce the number of age spots.
Depression. Limited clinical research performed in the 1970s and 1980s suggests L-phenylalanine or DL-phenylalanine might be useful for depression. However, this research needs to be confirmed. Taking D-phenylalanine does not appear to improve symptoms of depression.
Weight loss. Early research shows that phenylalanine does not reduce hunger in people who are obese or overweight.
L-phenylalanine is LIKELY SAFE for most people when taken by mouth in amounts commonly found in foods.
L-Phenylalanine is POSSIBLY SAFE when taken by mouth as medicine or when applied as a cream, short-term.
Phenylalanine can increase a chemical in the body called tyramine. Large amounts of tyramine can cause high blood pressure. But the body naturally breaks down tyramine to get rid of it. This usually prevents the tyramine from causing high blood pressure. Some medications used for depression stop the body from breaking down tyramine. This can cause there to be too much tyramine and lead to dangerously high blood pressure.<br/><br/> Some of these medications used for depression include phenelzine (Nardil), tranylcypromine (Parnate), and others.
Some medications for mental conditions might cause jerky muscle movements. Taking phenylalanine along with some medications for mental conditions might increase the risk of jerky muscle movements.<br/><br/> Some medications for mental conditions include chlorpromazine (Thorazine), clozapine (Clozaril), fluphenazine (Prolixin), haloperidol (Haldol), olanzapine (Zyprexa), perphenazine (Trilafon), prochlorperazine (Compazine), quetiapine (Seroquel), risperidone (Risperdal), thioridazine (Mellaril), thiothixene (Navane), and others.
For a skin condition called vitiligo: 50-100 mg/kg of L-phenylalanine once per day has been used. L-phenylalanine 50 mg/kg three times per week for up to 3 months has also been used.
For a skin condition called vitiligo: Applying a 10% phenylalanine cream to the skin has been used.
For a skin condition called vitiligo: Phenylalanine 100 mg/kg twice weekly for 3-4 months has been used.
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Schallreuter, K. U., Wood, J. M., Pittelkow, M. R., Gutlich, M., Lemke, K. R., Rodl, W., Swanson, N. N., Hitzemann, K., and Ziegler, I. Regulation of melanin biosynthesis in the human epidermis by tetrahydrobiopterin. Science 3-11-1994;263(5152):1444-1446. View abstract.
ten Hoedt, A. E., de Sonneville, L. M., Francois, B., ter Horst, N. M., Janssen, M. C., Rubio-Gozalbo, M. E., Wijburg, F. A., Hollak, C. E., and Bosch, A. M. High phenylalanine levels directly affect mood and sustained attention in adults with phenylketonuria: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. J Inherit.Metab Dis. 2011;34(1):165-171. View abstract.
Wade, D. T., Young, C. A., Chaudhuri, K. R., and Davidson, D. L. A randomised placebo controlled exploratory study of vitamin B-12, lofepramine, and L-phenylalanine (the "Cari Loder regime") in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol.Neurosurg.Psychiatry 2002;73(3):246-249. View abstract.
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Cejudo-Ferragud, E., Nacher, A., Polache, A., Cercos-Fortea, T., Merino, M., and Casabo, V. G. Evidence of competitive inhibition for the intestinal absorption of baclofen by phenylalanine. Int J of Pharm (Amsterdam) 1996;132:63-69.
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Have you ever purchased PHENYLALANINE? | 2019-04-19T13:00:42 | https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-653/phenylalanine |
0.999999 | Violent crime: A failure to perceive fearful faces?
Why do some people commit serious violent crimes? Why do they use brutal force to injure and kill other people? One idea is that violent aggression results from malfunctioning of a violence inhibition system. In normal, non-violent people perception of distress in others triggers arousal and freezing, inhibiting violent impulses. The most effective cues for activating this violence inhibition system are fearful and sad facial expressions.
According to this model, aggressive behavior and violent crimes may result from a failure to perceive distress cues such as fearful faces. If true, this would open a whole range of novel treatment options. Imagine a future in which violent crime will be eradicated by simply training people on perceiving fear in others' faces?
Indeed, violent offenders have difficulty categorizing fearful facial expressions as displaying fear. However, this could reflect a problem with linking a percept (of a fearful face) with the correct category label (fear) rather than a problem with the basic, "raw" perception of fear per se. In other words, does the deficit emerge at an early visual processing stage or at a later conceptual processing stage? Answering this question is important for designing effective training regimes.
In collaboration with Aiste Jusyte and Michael Schönenberg from the University of Tübingen, we tested 45 violent offenders (in jail for violent crimes) and 46 control participants in two tasks. One task measured implicit perceptual biases for facial expressions, the other task measured explicit categorization of facial expression. In both the perceptual and the categorization task, participants saw an array of eight face photographs on the screen. Seven of the eight faces were the same and had neutral expressions (the distracters), and participants responded to the odd one out (the target).
Example arrays from the two tasks.
In the perceptual task, the target was a different face than the distracters. Participants indicated the gender of the target. In some trials, the target also had an emotional expression, such as fear, making it stand out among the seven distracters with neutral expressions. Participants were faster to indicate the gender of the target when it had a fearful expression. Thus, although the expression of the target was irrelevant to the task, fear was grabbing attention.
If violent offenders had a basic perceptual deficit for fear, they should show less of a fear advantage. For example, if they had difficulty distinguishing fear from neutral, a fearful face would not be grabbing attention among the neutral distracters. However, we found a full-strength fear advantage in violent offenders in this perceptual task. There seemed to be no problem with implicit perception of fear at this early processing stage.
We next tested for a fear deficit in the categorization task. Here, all eight faces in the array showed the same person. The target was the one face with an emotional expression, and participants indicated whether this expression was happy, angry, or fearful. Violent offenders were slower for fearful (compared to happy) expressions than control participants. Thus, violent offenders seem to have difficulty with the explicit labeling rather than with the basic perception of fearful expressions.
What are the implications of these findings? It seems unlikely that violent behavior reflects a failure to automatically perceive distress cues in others. Rather, violent offenders have problems categorizing and interpreting these distress signals. Instead of training perceptual discriminability of fear, therapeutic interventions should therefore support aggressive individuals to link their percepts to the correct linguistic labels and mental concepts. | 2019-04-20T01:37:50 | http://www.timostein.net/blog/archives/02-2017 |
0.999999 | What would a Norseman in the early 11th century have worn as daily clothing?
Most of the Norse clothing we know about seems to come from burials. However, in many cultures, bodies dressed for burial are wearing either "good" clothes, or special clothes for the dead. Is there any evidence to suggest that ordinary, everyday wear for Norsemen (or, indeed, Norse women) was different to that which we see in excavated graves?
I passed the question to Cathy Raymond. Although she does not earn her living in either history or in textiles (due, I suspect, to her preference for a non-gruel based diet), I've read her research for a couple of years, and I've come to trust her opinion. One of the reasons I place faith in her opinion is that after answering the question, she offered the responsible academic caveat that "just about all of what we 'know' about Viking clothing is deduction from slender evidence."
In warm weather: A linen shirt and linen trousers, probably linen underpants shaped like knee-length boxer shorts, probably with a leather belt and leather shoes.
In cold weather: same as above, but with a wool tunic and wool trousers being worn over the linen ones (or instead, depending on an individual's level of wealth). Some kind of wool footwrapping or stocking (this part is pretty speculative but there is support for it, and it makes a lot of sense given the climate), a wool, fur, or wool-and-fur hat, and a wool cloak for traveling or other prolonged presence outdoors where one wouldn't be working. The style of the wool tunic probably varied by culture; the farther east you went, the more likely a wrapped jacket (shaped kind of like a modern Japanese gi) would have been used instead of a closed tunic.
Hurstwic's article is pretty good but it concentrates heavily on western Vikings (Norwegians and Danes, mostly, including the ones that stole...er settled land in the British Isles) instead of the eastern ones (Swedes, including the ones that stole, er... settled land in what's now Russia).
In short, the general profile of menswear among the 11th century Vikings/Norsemen is pretty similar to what you'd put on in the morning--i.e., pants and a shirt. But the details--shape, fiber, modes of fastening, how shoes were made and worn--have changed a lot in 1,000 years.
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How were small swords worn in the 18th century?
What caused the imposition of strict celibacy for Catholic priests during the 11th century?
Was there self-censorship in private correspondence in the early 19th Century?
How were the hides of wild beasts cured and tanned back in the 11th century?
How did contemporaries view the Byzantine Empire during the 11th century? | 2019-04-23T10:05:06 | https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/2724/what-would-a-norseman-in-the-early-11th-century-have-worn-as-daily-clothing |
0.604845 | When he went to the cupboard, he discovered the elves had drunk all the cider and hidden the liquor.. In his frustration, he accidentally dropped the cider jug, and it broke into hundreds of little glass pieces all over the kitchen floor. He went to get the broom and found the mice had eaten all the straw off the end of the broom. | 2019-04-25T05:59:31 | http://www.lvbridge.com/index.php?/site/2017/12 |
0.999471 | How to play Zilch? It is simple: 1. First roll the six dice: Some of your dice should be worth some points (if not, you will not score any point during this turn. It is called zilching. Keep in mind that you must score points when you roll some dice).
3. To win the game you must reach 10,000 points (or score over 10,000 points AND have more points than your opponent).
- Win ten games to unlock the third simulated opponent (called Realist).
- The game of Farkle on Wikipedia here.
- The various combinations (and their points): * A single 1 (100). Two ones (200). Three ones (1000). Four ones (2000). Five ones (4000). Six ones (8000). * Three twos (200). Four twos (400). Five twos (800). Six twos (1600). * Three threes (300). Four threes (600). Five threes (1200). Six threes (2400). * Three fours (400). Four fours (800). Five fours (1600). Six fours (3200). * A single 5 (50). Two fives (100). Three fives (500). Four fives (1000). Five fives (2000). Six fives (4000). * Three sixes (600). Four sixes (1200). Five sixes (2400). Six sixes (4800).
- To get a free roll: Have all dice selected! The best example is getting a single 1 or a single 5 on the last cube when rolling it.
- To get a free roll (and 500 points): A six dice roll must not score any point from a combination. | 2019-04-18T12:38:00 | http://archipelago-of-strategy-games.com/games/Zilch_dice_game.html |
0.999747 | Questioner: Is there anyone in our history who is commonly known who went to a fourth-density self-service or negative type of planet or any who will go there?
Ra: I am Ra. The number of entities thus harvested is small.
However, a few have penetrated the eighth level which is only available from the opening up of the seventh through the sixth.
Penetration into the eighth or intelligent infinity level allows a mind/body/spirit complex to be harvested if it wishes at any time/space during the cycle.
Questioner: You stated at an earlier time that penetration of the eighth level or intelligent infinity allows a mind/body/spirit complex to be harvested if it wishes at any time/space during the cycle. | 2019-04-20T12:52:10 | http://www.lawofonesociety.com/index.php/higher-density-lessons-4-5-6-7/item/337-penetration-of-the-eight-level-by-a-third-density-being |
0.999009 | How important is it for Chinese online purchasing agencies to market their services with social media and what factors should be considered?
This paper is aiming to give a basic understanding of the business field of online purchasing service provided to the overseas Chinese who are studying, working or living abroad and a basic analysis of how companies in this business field can better market their services with social media. The online purchasing services introduced in this paper refer to (but are not limited to) food, seasoning, kitchen wares, books, and other Chinese products that cannot be purchased in foreign countries, or can be purchased at a more competitive price or in a more convenient way using online purchasing services for the overseas Chinese.
Being a member of more than fifty million overseas Chinese (Xinhua News, 2012), I know how important such a purchasing service is in our daily lives not only from my personal experiences but also from the comments and opinions that the other overseas Chinese have given. Under such huge potential need for this relatively new market, online purchasing service for the overseas Chinese is playing a more and more important role. However, unlike other types of business, the target customer groups of this business field are the overseas Chinese who are living outside China. Therefore, traditional market channels seem not to work in this specific field, thus, online marketing seems to be the most important (if not only) method to consider when online purchasing agencies market their services to their overseas potential customers. Nowadays, social media is playing a dominant role in online marketing; this is also the reason why companies in this specific business field should know what factors to consider when marketing their service to their target customer groups with social media.
I believe this business field, as a rapidly developing market, will become an important business area of online purchasing industry in the future of China and marketing with social media is one of the most important components in this field.
The main purpose of this paper is, by using, discussing and analyzing different literatures on marketing with social media, to apply existing knowledge of marketing with social media to this specific and new business market. By the help of different theories and a small case analysis of one social media, this paper is aiming to provide some guidelines on what factors companies in this business field should consider when marketing their service to their overseas customers with social media.
The industry of online purchasing service for overseas Chinese is a relatively new business field, its target customer groups are overseas Chinese who are studying, working or living outside China. Therefore, compared with traditional marketing channels such as local newspapers and TV commercials in a foreign country which are almost impossible for a Chinese company to do, online marketing plays a much more important role in this business field. Akar & Topcu (2011) have argued that social media can be seen as a subset of online marketing activities such as email newsletters and online advertising campaigns. It has also been argued that the use of traditional media has been declining since the widespread use of social media such as blogs, Facebook, SinaWeibo (Akar & Topcu (2011).
In addition, as argued by Sandes & Urdan (2013), an e-marketer consulting study has shown that the marketing investment on social media has increased about 740% from 2006 to 2010. The percentage of companies using social media for marketing is expected to reach 88% by 2012, up from 42% in 2008 (Williamson, 2010), more than 50% of social media users follow brands on social media (Gensler, Leeflang & Veris, 2012). Social media have become what we use every day to get updated information and to interact with our friends. Companies should take advantages of social media and make the best use of them to market their products and services.
Moreover, As Hoffman & Novak (2012) have argued that “brands with proactive social media strategies are in the best position to reap rewards from user-generated content”. This argument may be better applied to this specific business field of online purchasing service for the overseas Chinese since it is a relatively new market, companies do not have many lessons learned from the past especially when it comes to how to market their service to its overseas potential customers. Therefore, companies in this business field may not only consider using social media to market their services, but also consider trying to be proactive and a bit aggressive when doing marketing in order to gain a larger share of market at this stage of this business field (Hoffman & Novak, 2012).
Firstly, there are a lot of different social media and each of them has its unique effect that needs to be taken into consideration by companies marketing with them (Akar & Topcu, 2011). For instance, some social media may be good for companies to post updated information so that customers can know what new products are coming soon, some may be good to establish a platform for customers to interact and exchange opinions and information with each other. Therefore, companies need to make sure that they are marketing in the best way using the unique feature of every certain social media. However, as Hanna, Rohm & Crittenden (2011) have argued, although each social media has its own unique feature and function, companies should also keep in mind that different social media should be treated as an integrated system. By doing so, customers will not feel annoyed by getting the same information everywhere and companies can optimize the outcome of its social media marketing activities. In addition, as to the specific business field of online purchasing service for the overseas Chinese, companies should understand their customers are distributed everywhere around the world. Therefore, marketing strategies should also be made based on the popularity of different social media used in different countries or regions.
Secondly, since the target customer groups of this business field are overseas Chinese and social media used in China are completely different from the western world, thus, consideration should also be given to changing marketing strategies accordingly when marketing with Chinese social media tools such as SinaWeibo and QQSpace and social media widely used outside China such as Facebook and Twitter. In addition, in this business field of online purchasing service for overseas Chinese, time difference should also be considered when marketing with social media in different countries in order to make sure that customers are getting what they want to see when they are most likely to see it.
Furthermore, except for the fact that the potential customers of this business field are all Chinese but are distributed all around the world, they are also varied in terms of age, profession, sub-culture (depending on where they live), additional language, preference, etc. As stated by Aljukhadar & Senecal (2011), companies should consider the “distinctive characteristics of online market segments for an optimal allocation of marketing expenditure”; therefore, marketing strategies and approaches should be tailored accordingly based on different customer segmentations. Moreover, according to Breuer & Brettel (2012), “online advertising should be target group specific in order to achieve the highest impact”. As to the business field of online purchasing service for the overseas Chinese, what this means could be making marketing strategies on different social media platforms or even different specific groups in those social media according to its customer segmentations in terms of age, profession, etc. For instance, if a company in this business field of online purchasing service for the overseas Chinese wants to market its service to one certain online forum, and they have found that most visitors of this online forum are aged between 18-26, in this case, they may consider putting advertisement of Chinese fashion clothes, electronic products or textbooks in Chinese instead of Chinese kitchen wares.
Moreover, unlike traditional media or Web 1.0, when marketing with social media, the focus should be on conversations and interactions with the audience (Atkinson, 2013). On one hand, freedom should be given to the audience so that they can talk and share information with their friends and thus make online marketing activities more effective, companies can also gain rich and first-hand consumer insight faster and more reliably (Barwise & Meehan, 2009). However, on the other hand, moderate control and monitoring should also be given into consideration. It is necessary and essential for companies to establish systematic procedures to monitor and reply any consumer’s opinions about their services (Sandes & Urdan, 2013). Data gathering should also be done throughout the whole monitoring process in order to get complete and more reliable customer insights.
At last, since online purchasing service for the overseas Chinese is a relatively new market, therefore, tracking and identifying key performance indicators of marketing activities is an essential part of the whole online marketing strategy in the long run. Companies may not have many lessons and experience learned from the past in this business field due to its short history, however, by tracking and identifying key performance indicators, companies will be able to know where they should focus more on and invest more on in order to optimize the outcome of their marketing activities in the future (Hanna, Rohm & Crittenden, 2011). In addition, according to Breuer & Brettel (2012), online advertising also has short- and long-term effects. “Social networks take time to show their value and, thus, companies need to remain committed to it in order to reap these benefits” (Papasolomou & Melanthiou, 2012). Therefore, when online purchasing agencies for the overseas Chinese are marketing their service with social media, time lags and long-term effects should also be taken into consideration in order to know what marketing strategy in which social media has given them the best outcome.
The second part of this blog post and the bibliography will be published on 10th of July. | 2019-04-18T17:20:33 | http://www.brandba.se/blog/marketing-with-social-media-in-online-purchasing-service-for-the-overseas-chinese-part1 |
0.998843 | I'm writing an essay about DNA recombinant techniques where the question asks to outline all the steps to arrive at having a colony of bacteria expressing a gene of interest.The question makes you start with a pool of mRNAs, which I assume is for making cDNA. However, how do you go from having thousands of different mRNAs to just one kind?
First of all you need to figure out what your goal is: an expression vector (i.e. plasmid) which will drive expression of a gene in bacteria (let's say E.coli), and your gene's coding sequence needs to be downstream of the promoter in that construct.
Your task is asking for a pretty routine lab task known as cloning (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloning). Your mRNA pool might be the result of an RNA extraction from a tissue sample and your goal is to get bacteria that produce lots of the desired protein.
As this is homework, I will only give a broad overview and leave you to figure out the details.
Indeed one way you could approach this is actually some method to specifically extract the desired mRNA, then generating cDNA from it and pasting that into the vector. This is unlikely to give you good success rates, and in practice nobody purifies a specific mRNA unless they are interested in other molecules naturally bound to that mRNA.
Since this is a procedure with a very practical purpose without a scientific question behind it, there's a much more efficient way to achieve it.
Generate cDNA for all mRNAs in the mix ("first-strand cDNA synthesis").
Instead of removing unwanted RNAs, simply amplify the desired one using specific primers you designed and PCR. This gives you what is called the "insert".
Most likely if you ordered the expression vector online, you actually receive bacteria containing it, so you first have to culture those and extract DNA from the culture ("miniprep").
Run the restriction digest mixes on a gel (electrophoresis), identify the bands corresponding to the insert in one lane and the vector in the other, and extract them (gel extraction).
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged dna homework mrna recombination cdna or ask your own question.
How can I normalize mRNA samples for sequencing?
How is the mRNA transported out of the endoplasmic reticulum?
How is mRNA directed out of the nucleus to its ultimate cytoplasmic location? | 2019-04-24T14:15:22 | https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/72072/how-would-one-go-about-isolating-a-specific-mrna-out-of-a-pool-of-others |
0.999932 | 1. Preheat oven to 350 degrees and line your muffin pan. I use silicone liners.
2. Heat a skillet and empty the chorizo into the pan, removing the casing. Let it brown up, making sure to break it up so it cooks evenly.
3. While the chorizo is cooking, crack 9 of your eggs into a large measuring cup or bowl. I used a large measuring cup since it has a spout and I'll be pouring the eggs into the muffin pan. Add the garlic powder, salt and pepper to the eggs and beat with a fork until combined.
4. Once your chorizo is just about done cooking, add the last egg to it and mix until the egg is cooked through. I do it this way so the chorizo has a little binding to it for when I pour it into the muffin pan.
5. Pour just enough of the beaten eggs into the muffin liners to cover the bottom of each. You just want to create a base for your muffins.
6. Pour a spoonful of chorizo next. Right on top of the eggs until it's evenly distributed.
7. Add some of your diced tomatoes.
8. Top with the remaining eggs. I had leftover eggs (I actually used 12 and revised it for the recipe), so don't feel like you have to overfill your liners. They won't rise too much, but they do rise.
9. Bake for 25-30 minutes or until the eggs are set when you jiggle the pan.
10. Remove from liners and serve topped with green onions. | 2019-04-26T10:15:14 | http://www.youhuntigather.com/2012/03/egg-chorizo-and-tomato-breakfast.html |
0.999947 | Does anyone have experience with this biodegradable extruded foam in place system? We are considering using it for a major collections move over the next 6 months. Here is the link to further information: http://www.ezflowgreen.com/ Apparently it briefly heats up as the chemicals combine. It seems like a quick way to create a cavity pack for sturdy items made from metal or glass. Thanks!
Have not used this particular foam.
I do know that there was a company in New York that was affiliated with Artex that made extensive use of foam in place materials catering to the auction house trade. Everything I heard made it sound as if it was very successful. Someone at Artex could probably give you more information. I would think about contacting them.
You are probably aware of the three concerns traditionally expressed about the use of any expanding spray foam.
1) Is the fact that most polyurethanes off-gas to some degree, so if materials are sensitive (metals could be included here) or will stay in the container for very long that could be a problem.
2) I have heard from multiple sources that the foam can continue to expand after it appears to be cured putting pressure on objects and potentially breaking them (don't know if this is due to bad mixing of the ingredients, or if it is a common problem or not).
3) The heat that you mentioned in your note in your question.
All that said, it sounds like you are carefully weighing both the nature of your objects and the circumstances they will face in making your decisions. So it might be a good match.
Personally I worked up a packing system for a grad student in the Art School next to the museum I worked for back in the early Pliocene or late Miocene epoch. She was sending a whole bunch of small somewhat delicate objects (small projecting pieces etc...) to a gallery in New York (a very big deal). She used the foam in place material for it and it was very effective.
The trick was that the projections received a temporary layer of tissue wrapped around them.
After the foam was injected the excess material covering delicate areas was removed leaving a cavity where they could "float" untouched. This allowed for selective contact with the more stable portions of the objects. This solution produced very accurate contours without the skill level and time normally required to achieve this kind of result. It also minimized the handling that goes along with individually wrapping all of the pieces. The gallery folks were very happy because the pieces could go straight from the walls into their compartments in a fraction of the time required for much of the other work they received.
While the spray foam allowed for the selective stabilization of objects (especially those with moveable parts), this kind of foam is not as effective in mitigating shock and vibration as is using the right amount of a standard foam. So, as the second part of the system these inner boxes were floated inside of a secondary outer box using foam calculated to match its weight by using one of those old CCI circular cushioning calculators.
Getting back to your question this forum is pretty new having just been launched a little over a year ago and as a result it only has around four hundred registered members. While it includes a lot more international participation than our list serve, there are more folks signed up there (around a thousand). You might want to put the question out there (or I could if you would like) as well.
Hope your project is very successful. Take lots of pictures and share them on the website if you want!
Thanks Ashley. I will follow up on all accounts. -B.
I always thought it would be difficult to control the pressure of the foam against the object, when applying. But I never used this method nor researched it. It's an interesting method. I've heard of a company that ships motorcycles using a similar product.
I seems as if judging how much of the stuff to use is the key. If you watch the video during the demonstration he doesn't spray in much at all. Without practice I can see how it would be easy to overfill and end up compressing your contents to some degree. It sounds like some practice with non-objects is called for.
One other thing that it is worth noting in the video is when the guy talks about comparisons between different kinds of fills (cost and effectiveness) when he discusses the use of "peanuts" he is unintensionally (I'm sure) misleading.
While it is true that peanuts used loose can shift allowing an object to shift to the bottom of the container, that is not the appropriate application of the materia when used with art objects. In use with artifacts it is customary to bag the peanuts - very loosely - in the thinnest bags available. This still allows them to conform to the objects (their primary function) but it prevents the object from shifting through to the bottom. It also prevents the "scatter" that occurs with unbagged peanuts and facilitates reuse.
In fact I believe that on the SMM collections move - documented in the book "Moving the Mountain" - that at the end of the project they made arrangements with UPS or FedEx or somebody to trade in their peanuts (still clean since they had been bagged) in exchange for credit on future shipping.
In that case nothing goes in a land fill or compost station and it saves money for the institution as well!
In my view "intellegent use" which emphasizes practical re-use of resources is often the "greenest" option available in terms of being both ethical and effective in the work that we do.
One additional note of caution- if this becomes a "sturdy" foam, then it may loose all vibration and shock absorption, which may also cause harm to the packed object during transport. I heard that one of Jeff Koons' porcelain pieces was damaged from being packed using an expandable foam product. This was hearsay, but is enough of a cautionary tale. | 2019-04-20T02:17:06 | http://www.paccin.org/archive/index.php/t-332.html?s=b457affad0f20ce5aed8412b11ace915 |
0.985029 | 1) Go to Settings on your iPhone.
2) Go to Accounts & Passwords.
4) Choose Other from the options.
5) Choose Add Mail Account.
6) Type your Name e.g. John Smith.
8) Type the Password for this email address.
9) Type a Description of your choice like [email protected].
10) Next you must decide whether you would like to use the POP3 or IMAP email protocol.
POP3 is the standard protocol for receiving email from a mail server and it allows you to download all of your emails to one location.
Password: This should be your password for this email address.
Please note: You will need to enter both the incoming and outgoing mail server details to send and receive email to your iPhone.
13) If you receive an error stating "Cannot Connect Using SSL", select Yes to setup the account without SSL.
14) Click Continue to complete the setup.
Please note: If you have setup your email on the iPhone as IMAP you need to set the location of the folders for non-mobile me/iCloud email accounts.
Scroll to bottom of Account Settings screen and click on Advanced.
Select the location for Drafts Mailbox, Sent Mailbox and Deleted Mailbox.
Select the location on the Server folders as opposed to on the iPhone. | 2019-04-25T20:37:31 | https://support.everycloudtech.com/support/solutions/articles/4000025156-how-do-i-setup-email-on-iphone-for-use-with-everycloud-email-services- |
0.999746 | Is There a Waterproof Cast?
Yes, there is a cast that can be worn in showers and pools. A waterproof cast is a regular fiberglass cast with a different type of liner. Doctors use waterproof casts only for some kinds of broken bones.
If the cast is not waterproof, keep the cast and liner dry. A wet cast or liner can lead to a skin rash or infection.
Don't pull out the lining or break off any parts of the cast.
Use a hair dryer on the cool or fan-only setting to blow air in at the edges of the cast.
Never use an object to scratch under the cast. Scratching can lead to an infection or sores. Don't apply lotion or powder inside the cast.
Dry the waterproof cast with a hair dryer on the cool setting after showering or swimming.
Casts that don't have a special waterproof liner must stay dry. Even kids who are old enough to bathe alone will need help to keep the cast dry while bathing.
Younger kids should get sponge baths. To give a sponge bath, use a wet sponge or washcloth to wash and rinse your child. Do not put him or her into the water.
Older kids can take baths. Baths are better than showers because it is easier to keep the cast dry in a bath.
Before the bath, cover the cast with two plastic bags. First, put one bag on and seal the top with a rubber band. Then, put the second bag on and seal it with another rubber band.
Some families use a waterproof plastic cast protector instead of plastic bags. You can buy this at a drugstore.
Keep the cast completely out of the water by propping it up on the side of the tub.
If the cast or liner gets splashed, gently blow air into it from a hair dryer on the cool or fan-only setting. If some of the cast or liner goes under water or gets very wet, call your doctor.
The cast was comfortable but becomes uncomfortable.
Your child has new pain or pain that gets worse.
The fingers or toes get more swollen, change colors, hurt, or feel numb.
Casts can be inconvenient, but most kids don't have any problems with them. Help your child care for the cast so it stays in good condition and does not lead to irritation. Within a few months, most kids can get back to all the activities they enjoy. | 2019-04-21T14:59:56 | https://teenshealth.org/en/parents/casts.html |
0.999289 | In the last decades it has become apparent that supermassive black holes (SMBH) are embedded in the cores of most galaxies irregardless of their morphological types. By now several dozen SMBH masses (MBH) have been determined using different measurement methods; stellar kinematics being the most commonly applied method (Kormendy & Ho 2013; Saglia et al. 2016). The majority of SMBH mass measurements were conducted for massive black holes in elliptical and S0 galaxies (e.g., recent compilations by McConnell & Ma 2013; Kormendy & Ho 2013; Graham 2016; Saglia et al. 2016; Greene et al. 2016; van den Bosch 2016). Therefore, by analyzing SMBH statistics, an intrinsic bias arises as not many low-mass late-type galaxy MBH have yet been measured. Recent studies of late-type galaxies include, for example, Greene et al. (2010), De Lorenzi et al. (2013), den Brok et al. (2015), Greene et al. (2016), Bentz et al. (2016). Low-mass galaxies (M∗< 109.5M⊙) were analyzed by Reines et al. (2011, 2013), Seth et al. (2014), Baldassare et al. (2015), for example.
In this study we present the black hole mass measurement of the isolated, unbarred SA(rc)c late-type galaxy NGC 4414 based on stellar kinematics. NGC 4414 is a flocculent spiral galaxy which shows patchy spiral arms and star formation. Except for a minor interaction with a dwarf galaxy indicated by its low surface brightness stellar shell (de Blok et al. 2014), NGC 4414 does not show any signs of major interactions with other galaxies (Braine et al. 1997). Therefore, its undisturbed dynamical features make NGC 4414 an excellent candidate for dynamical measurements. The inner disk of NGC 4414 is dominated by a stellar component having only a small dark matter contribution (Vallejo et al. 2003; de Blok et al. 2014). Based on different galaxy decomposition studies, it appears that NGC 4414 contains only a small and faint bulge component in its center, while having a large and massive disk.
Over 40 different distance measurements for NGC 4414 are available in the literature ranging from 5 to 25 Mpc. This range includes less accurate measurements from the Tully-Fisher relation. NGC 4414 also belongs to the galaxy sample of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Key project (Freedman et al. 2001) measuring distances based on Cepheid brightness. However, the distance measurements are still discordant and tend towards smaller distances. The measurements with the lowest errors give distances of between 16.6 and 21.1 Mpc (Kanbur et al. 2003; Paturel et al. 2002). Therefore, throughout this paper, we adopt the distance of D = 18.0 ± 3.0 Mpc, which is the mean distance in the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) at the time of writing. At this distance, 1 arcsec corresponds to approximately 86.8 pc. The influence of the distance uncertainty on the black hole measurement is further discussed at the end of this paper.
Based on its observed effective stellar velocity dispersions of σe ≈ 110 km s-1, the MBH−σe relation (e.g., Ferrarese & Merritt 2000; Gebhardt et al. 2000; Gültekin et al. 2009; Graham et al. 2011) predicts a central black hole mass of 8.7 × 106M⊙ (all-types; Saglia et al. 2016). While the MBH−σe relation shows a very tight correlation, it is still not fully understood. A number of galaxies have been reported, which show strong deviations from the MBH−σe correlation leading to the question of whether or not all different types of galaxies follow the scaling relations or show different scaling behaviors. The estimate of MBH within NGC 4414 provides a new measurement in the lower mass regime where, due to observational constraints, not many SMBHs have yet been observed. In addition, in the past, only a small number of black hole masses have been recorded for late-type Sc spiral galaxies (Atkinson et al. 2005; Pastorini et al. 2007; Greene et al. 2010, 2016) reinforcing the need for more measurements.
In this paper, we present optical and adaptive optics-assisted near-infrared integral-field spectroscopic data for NGC 4414, in order to study the stellar kinematics in the vicinity of its central black hole. In Sect. 2, we describe our observational data and in Sect. 3 the extraction of the stellar kinematics from the GMOS and NIFS integral-field spectroscopic data. In addition to the kinematics, we combine high-resolution HST and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data to model the stellar surface brightness and thus examine the stellar brightness density of NGC 4414. In Sect. 4 we present the dynamical models which we constructed using two different methods: 1) Jeans Axisymmetric Modeling (Cappellari 2008) and 2) Schwarzschild’s orbit superposition method (Schwarzschild 1979). We analyze our assumptions for the dynamical modeling and discuss our results in the context of the MBH-host galaxy relationships in Sect. 5, and finally conclude in Sect. 6.
Basic properties of NGC 4414 taken from the literature.
We used the NIFS and GMOS ground-based integral-field units (IFU) to obtain stellar kinematics in two spatial dimensions allowing better constraints on the black hole mass estimate. High-resolution NIFS data is essential for a precise measurement of the stellar motions in the vicinity of the central black hole, while the large-scale GMOS data constrains the global stellar mass-to-light ratio (M/L) and the stellar orbital distribution.
In order to achieve the best possible resolution to probe the vicinity of the central black hole, we wanted to utilize adaptive optics in combination with a natural guide star (NGS). Therefore, we undertook a careful study to identify possible targets with bright nearby reference stars by cross-correlating the all-sky 2MASS point and extended source catalogues (Skrutskie et al. 2006). We searched for feasible NGSs close to all galaxies which fulfilled certain criteria: 1) being a northern object since we conducted our observations at the GEMINI observatory; 2) having an available stellar velocity dispersion measurement allowing prediction of the black hole mass based on the MBH−σe relation (Ferrarese & Ford 2005), that was relevant at that time; 3) from the stellar velocity dispersion and the predicted black hole mass we calculated the sphere of influence of the central black hole given by rinfl = GMBH/σ2 where G is the gravitational constant and σe the stellar velocity dispersion of the host bulge and only considered objects with rinfl> 0.06′′ reaching the diffraction limit of Gemini at 2.3 micron (Krajnović et al. 2009; Cappellari et al. 2010); 4) the existence of high-resolution HST imaging data. These NGS specifications yielded a sample of six galaxies which were observable at the time of the data acquisition from which NGC 4414 was the only unbarred spiral.
Using the NIFS instrument (McGregor et al. 2003), NGC 4414 was observed in May and June 2007 at the 8.1 m Gemini North telescope under the science program GN-2007A-Q-45. In order to improve the natural seeing correction, NIFS operated by using adaptive optics with natural guide star assisted mode. Integral-field spectroscopy in combination with adaptive optics reduces wavefront distortions of the Earth’s atmosphere and thus increases the resolving power of the telescope. Figure 1 shows the star, which served as the natural guide star for our observations. Projected on the sky it is around 10″ away from the center of our target. The observation was conducted in the K-band to reduce dust contamination and covers a field of view (FOV) of approximately 3″ × 3″ centered on the core of NGC 4414 and covering its bulge (Fig. 1). In total, NGC 4414 was observed for 34 × 600 s (~5.5 h) with NIFS.
The NIFS observations were reduced using the Gemini NIFS reduction routines which are provided in IRAF1. The data reduction includes bias and sky subtraction, flatfield calibration, interpolation over bad pixels, cosmic-ray removal, spatial rectification and wavelength and flux calibration with arc lamp exposures. After the data reduction, we merged eleven individual science frames into a final data cube to increase the flux of the spaxels and thus the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). The science frames had to be re-centered to a chosen reference frame by determining their relative shifts to each other and calibrated to the same wavelength range and pixel sampling. According to the method presented in Krajnović et al. (2009), the re-centering was performed by comparing and re-aligning the science frame’s isophotes. The isophotes could not always be matched perfectly as in some cases the outer and inner isophotes were not concentric. This inconsistency can result from uncertainties in the adaptive optics correction. While the inner isophotes are more strongly influenced by the point spread function (PSF), the outer isophotes contain less flux and are more affected by statistical uncertainties. Therefore, we used a compromise between the geometrically more robust outer isophotes and the more flux-significant inner isophotes to deduce the relative shifts. Using the determined shifts, all of the frames were aligned to the reference frame. Finally, the frames were merged with a sigma-clipping pixel reject algorithm to create the final data cube. A new square pixel grid of 0.05″ scale was defined, individual science frames were interpolated to this grid and the flux values of the final data cube calculated as the median flux values of the single data frames as in Krajnović et al. (2009).
Before extracting kinematics from a data cube a high S/N has to be guaranteed; typically S/N ≥ 40 (van der Marel & Franx 1993; Bender et al. 1994), as the higher-order moments of the line-of-sight velocity distribution (LOSVD) are very sensitive to noise effects. To keep a roughly constant, high S/N, we used the Voronoi adaptive binning technique2 introduced by Cappellari & Copin (2003). As the size of the Voronoi bins varies according to the local S/N, a high spatial resolution can be retained in the central pixels. An initial estimate of the noise N of the unbinned spectra was determined by smoothing each galaxy spectrum over 30 pixels and then taking the standard deviation of the residual between the respective galaxy spectrum and the smoothed spectrum. According to our initial S/N estimate, the critical S/N threshold was chosen to be 60. Using the Voronoi binning method, adjacent pixels of our data were binned together into 1546 bins. The single spectra of the binned pixels were co-added to provide a S/N ≥ 60. Then, we computed the residual-noise (rN) of each bin as the standard deviation of the difference between the observed galaxy spectrum and the kinematic model (see Sect. 3). The final signal-to-residual-noise S/rN lies between 35 and 85, with lower values at the edges of the FOV.
Parallel IFU observations were conducted with the GMOS instrument (Allington-Smith et al. 2002) at the Gemini Observatory to cover the complete bulge of NGC 4414 (science program GN-2007A-Q-45). The GMOS observations were performed with the B600 grating in the g_G0301 filter and with two pointings keeping the target nucleus in both. The combined FOV covers 5.5″ × 12″ which enables us to further constrain the bulge of our target. In total, NGC 4414 was observed 5 × 1800 s (2.5 h) at two different wavelengths (475 and 483 nm). Figure 1 displays the FOV and the orientation of the NIFS and GMOS data relative to each other and to the extent of the galaxy. Different routines of the IRAF package (see footnote 1) were used for the data reduction of the GMOS data, which consisted of bias subtraction, correction of the spectrum-pixel-association, flat-fielding, wavelength-calibration, and cosmic ray removal. The wavelength-calibration was carried out by comparing the GMOS spectral lines with reference spectral lines of a copper-argon lamp. In addition, a bad pixel correction was applied. One of the blue fiber bundles of the GMOS spectrograph had reduced flux passage resulting in two columns of bad pixels in the science frames. Depending on whether the bad columns lay inside or outside of the observed galaxy nucleus, two different corrections were applied. Due to symmetry, bad pixels inside the galaxy nucleus were corrected by mirroring the flux level of the opposite side of the galaxy nucleus. On the other hand, outside the galaxy nucleus, bad pixels were corrected by interpolating the horizontally adjacent pixels. This correction only affects the absolute flux level of the bad pixels, but does not influence the absorption lines, and, therefore, does not alter the kinematics. In total, nine science frames were merged with the method described in Sect. 2.2 to create a final GMOS data cube. As the central region of NGC 4414 was mainly probed with the better resolved NIFS data, we Voronoi binned adjacent spaxels together to achieve a S/N ≥ 60 for each spaxel. The final S/rN of the GMOS data lies between 40 and 100.
Schematic overplot of the NIFS (red) and GMOS (blue) field-of-view on the WFPC2 F606 image. The kinematic data only map the very core of NGC 4414 which is not polluted by dust. The orientation of the NIFS data is 150° and that of the GMOS data is 60° counterclockwise from north. The star in the south-western part of the bulge served as a natural guide star for our observations.
In order to construct dynamical models, appropriate imaging data of NGC 4414 is required to measure the surface brightness and determine the gravitational potential of the stellar component. The imaging data must have a large FOV to cover the light of the whole galaxy and a sufficient spatial resolution in the very central regions where the central mass dominates the galaxy potential. Therefore, we retrieved Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) imaging data in F606W from the ESA Hubble Science Archive, which generates automatically reduced and calibrated data. Except for F606W, all WFPC2 images of NGC 4414 were saturated in the center and were therefore not usable for our modeling. The prior data calibration process involved the steps of masking bad pixels, performing an analog-to-digital (A/D) correction and the correction of bias, dark and shutter shading (WFPC2 Handbook3). Because of the central saturation of most of the WFPC2 images, it was not possible to remove cosmic rays by comparing the different images. That is why we corrected the images for cosmic rays by determining pixels (at least five pixels beyond the center) that had a large count gradient towards their neighbors and masked these pixels prior to the fitting of the light distribution (Sect. 4.1). We also masked pixels which were significantly affected by dust extinction. These pixels were determined by the method described in Sect. A.1.
In order to fulfill the large FOV criteria, we used ground-based SDSS imaging data in the g-, r- and i-band as our second source. We used the Montage-based online tool Image Mosaic Service4 provided by NASA and Caltech to create a 0.2 × 0.2 square degrees mosaic centered on NGC 4414. Image Mosaic Service uses the individual SDSS images and overlaps them by preserving the fluxes and astrometry.
Dust can have a significant effect on the accuracy and reliability of photometric models as it alters the apparent shape of the galaxy and dims the light due to the wavelength dependent extinction. The images of NGC 4414 indicate large dust and gas patterns in the disk of the galaxy, which obscure the attained light of the galaxy in the SDSS r-band images such that the actual surface brightness is not observable. Using a method described in Cappellari et al. (2002) we corrected the SDSS r-band large FOV image for these extinction effects in order to be able to fit the underlying surface brightness profile. The details of the dust correction are outlined in A.1. The largest correction was around 25% of the measured flux (see Fig. A.2). After the correction, the disk region of NGC 4414 shows a more homogeneous flux distribution than before with a larger dust correction on the eastern side of the galaxy.
Optimal template for NIFS (top) and GMOS (bottom) observations. The black line represents the total galaxy spectrum, which is composed of the spectra of all single spatial pixels, the red line shows the optimal template, which is fitted to the total galaxy spectrum. The fitting residuals are presented as green dots spread around the residual = 0-line (green solid line), where both are shifted upwards by an arbitrary amount. The shaded regions contain emission lines and are not included in the fit.
Kinematic maps of NGC 4414 derived from NIFS (top) and GMOS (bottom) observations. From left to right the maps show: the mean velocity V, the velocity dispersion σ and the Gauss-Hermite moments: h3 and h4. The maps are aligned such that the northern side of the galaxy is at the top.
The observed spectrum of a galaxy is the convolution of the integrated spectrum of its stellar population with the instrumental broadening and the LOSVD. In order to extract the kinematics from the galaxy absorption line spectra, we used the penalized Pixel-fitting method (pPXF (see footnote 2); Cappellari & Emsellem 2004). pPXF fits the observed spectrum by convolving a template spectrum with the LOSVD which is parametrized by the mean velocity V, the velocity dispersion σ and Gauss-Hermite polynomials (Gerhard 1993; van der Marel & Franx 1993). The success of pPXF depends critically on the provision of a good set of template stellar spectra that match the galaxy spectrum as closely as possible. In order to avoid a template mismatch, an “optimal template” is created as a linear combination of spectra taken from a stellar template library covering the observed wavelength region. The stellar templates used for GMOS and NIFS were the Medium resolution INT Library of Empirical Spectra (MILES; Sánchez-Blázquez et al. 2006) and the Winge et al. (2009) compendium of Gemini Near Infrared Spectrograph (GNIRS) and NIFS observed stars, respectively.
We applied the same general procedure to both data sets: assuming that the whole galaxy consists of the same stellar population, we first determined the optimal template by fitting the stellar template library to a composite spectrum which was created by adding all spectra of the galaxy data cube. During the later application of pPXF, this optimal template was fitted to each bin of the data cube in order to determine the LOSVD of each spatial bin. We specified the LOSVD with the V, σ,h3 and h4 moments and included a fourth degree additive polynomial in order to correct the shape of the underlying continuum. From the pPXF fitting we obtained the values of the moments for each spatial bin. We then checked each spectrum visually for template mismatch and for the quality of the fitting, but no peculiarities were found.
The uncertainties of the stellar kinematics were determined by using Monte Carlo simulations. Therefore, we applied the following procedure to the spectrum of each Voronoi bin: we determined the standard deviation between the spectrum and the pPXF fit and perturbed the spectrum 100 times by adding an appropriate random Gaussian noise at the order of the standard deviation. For each of the 100 realizations, the LOSVD was determined. Finally, we took the standard deviation of the derived LOSVD moments.
The following two sections explain the particular specifications for the two data sets and the results from the kinematic fits are presented in Sect. 3.2.
As NIFS provides spectra in the near-infrared regime, a stellar template catalog in the K-band is required. Therefore, we used two stellar template libraries5 by Winge et al. (2009) which consist of G-, K- and M-stars with spectra centered at 2.2 μm and a spectral resolution of approximately 3.2 Å. One template archive was observed with GNIRS (23 stars), the other with NIFS (31 stars). In order to work with the GNIRS stellar library it was necessary to take the different instrumental resolutions into account. By fitting ten characteristic lines of the sky observation, we determined the spectral resolution of NIFS to be σNIFS = 3.2 Å compared to GNIRS with σGNIRS = 2.9 Å. Therefore, we had to convolve the GNIRS templates with the quadratic difference in resolution. Furthermore, we used the spectrum to the interval shown in Fig. 2 to mitigate edge effects and possible contamination from emission lines. The most significant features in the NIFS spectra are the four CO absorption lines which are well fitted by pPXF.
For the optical GMOS data, we used the stellar templates from the MILES library, which covers a wavelength range from 3525 Å to 7500 Å and consists of 985 stars in total. Similarly to the NIFS preparations, the difference between the stellar template resolution and the instrumental resolution has to be taken into account when comparing the different data sets. The instrumental resolution of GMOS was derived by applying the pPXF routine on an extracted twilight exposure and measuring the mean velocity dispersion by using a solar template. Thus, we achieved the spectral resolutions of σGMOS = 2.16 Å compared to σMILES = 2.5 Å (Falcón-Barroso et al. 2011). As both instrumental resolutions are similar, we did not convolve the GMOS spectra to lower resolution in order to retain important kinematic information. We analyzed the effect of not taking the convolution into account by using a well-defined sub-sample (in total 52 spectra) of the Indo-US stellar library (Valdes et al. 2004) which covers a wavelength range of 3460 to 9464 Å and a spectral resolution of σIndo−US = 1.35 Å (Beifiori et al. 2011). We extracted the kinematics of GMOS based on the Indo-US library, but this time taking the difference in resolution into account. The resulting kinematic maps show the same general features and trends as the kinematic maps which are based on the MILES template and without accounting for convolution. However, the comparison revealed systematic offsets in the even LOSVD moments of σ ≈ + 8 km s-1 and h4 ≈ 0.02. These offsets are in the order of a factor of 3 and 2 times the corresponding errors for the central and 2 and 0.5 times the errors for the outer spaxels. Differences between the kinematic results could be inferred from a template mismatch in the Indo-US library since we build our optimal template from only 52 stellar spectra. Therefore, we decided to use the MILES spectral library in the further analysis, whilst keeping the offsets in the even velocity moments as additional uncertainty.
The two-dimensional kinematic maps for NIFS (top) and GMOS (bottom) are presented in Fig. 3. The two panels on the left show the rotational velocity of NGC 4414 for the NIFS and GMOS observations. Both observations are consistent with each other and show regular rotation patterns without any major asymmetries. The northern part of NGC 4414 moves towards us, while the southern part is the receding side. After subtraction of the systemic velocity, the extreme values are approximately ±77 km s-1 for the NIFS observation and ±90 km s-1 for GMOS. The velocity dispersion map shows an elongated dip down to approximately 105 km s-1 in the central region of the NIFS data which is orientated along the major axis. This dip is not distinctly visible in the GMOS data due to the limited spatial resolution and the large Voronoi bins in the center. Instead, the GMOS data shows a dumbbell-shaped central increase with peculiar lobes along the minor axis of approximately 114 km s-1. Both the extended maximum of the GMOS velocity dispersion and the elongated minimum of the NIFS velocity dispersion coincide with the photometric center of NGC 4414. The third Gauss-Hermite moment h3, which is loosely related to the skewness of the distribution, is strongly anti-correlated to the rotational velocity. The h4 map, which relates to the kurtosis, shows a dip in the central 2″ of the GMOS data, while it is uniformly distributed over the NIFS h4 map (with an underlying gradient from blue to red towards the northern side).
Radial distribution of kinematic errors of the NIFS (red) and GMOS (blue) observation. Shown are the errors of the mean velocity ΔV, velocity dispersion Δσ, Δh3 and Δh4. The errors are uniformly low in the central regions and increase towards the edges of the maps.
The radial distribution of the errors derived from the Monte Carlo simulations are illustrated in Fig. 4. The NIFS errors are uniformly low in the central 1″, but increase sharply towards the edges of the map and thus follow the S/rN of the observation. A similar behavior is seen in the GMOS errors. However, the GMOS errors are lower as the spectra were binned to a higher S/rN. Apart from the central region of the velocity dispersion map, the overall comparison between the NIFS and GMOS data shows good agreement. This allows a combination of both data sets in the latter sections of this paper.
A key parameter for characterizing the quality of the data is the effective spatial resolution expressed as the width of the PSF of the reconstructed unbinned data cube. A precise measurement is not only important to estimate the seeing conditions during the observations but also to determine how far the dynamics in the center of the galaxy can be probed. In order to measure the NIFS PSF, we convolved the HST data with the sum of two concentric circular two-dimensional Gaussians such that it matched the NIFS data (as done e.g., by McDermid et al. 2006; Davies 2008; Krajnović et al. 2009). The GMOS PSF was determined by convolving the HST data with only a single Gaussian such that it matched the GMOS data. Both PSFs are parametrized by the full width at half maximum FWHMPSF of each Gaussian component and their relative fluxes. Details of the fitting and the (double) Gaussian fits are given in Sect. B.2 and the parameters are given in Table 2. The NIFS PSF is comparable to measurements from other papers which use laser guide star adaptive optics (Krajnović et al. 2009; Walsh et al. 2015). In addition, we used the narrow component of the NIFS PSF to determine the Strehl ratio which yields 30.8% (details are given in Appendix B.3).
Parameters of the double Gaussian fits for the NIFS and GMOS PSF.
A prediction for MBH in NGC 4414 can be achieved by inserting its effective stellar velocity dispersion σe into the MBH−σe relation. The effective stellar velocity dispersion is the integrated velocity dispersion within one bulge effective radius and can be determined from our spectral data. Unfortunately, the GMOS data does not completely cover the bulge effective radius Re of NGC 4414, which is approximately 3.9 ± 1.4″ (Fisher et al. 2009). Consequently, it was necessary to extrapolate the measured integrated velocity dispersion towards σe. We considered two different methods for determining σe: 1) extrapolating σ to the desired value on the basis of typical velocity dispersion profiles and 2) extracting a velocity dispersion map from Jeans Anisotropic Modelling (JAM; Cappellari 2008, see footnote 2) models.
Based on galaxy velocity dispersion profiles of the CALIFA sample (Sánchez et al. 2012), Falcón-Barroso et al. (2016) provide an extrapolation of σe for late-type galaxies and extend the work of Cappellari et al. (2006) on early-type galaxies. They show that the velocity dispersion profile for galaxies follows a power-law which has the form (σR/σe) = (R/Re)α where σR denotes the velocity dispersion at a given radius R. The exponent α is positive for late-type galaxies (αLTG = 0.077) and negative for early-type galaxies (αETG = −0.055). While NGC 4414 is a late-type galaxy, its GMOS σ map shows a decreasing trend with radius which is why we also tested the power-law with a negative exponent for our data. In order to measure σR from the GMOS data, we first co-added the spectra of each spaxel within an elliptical aperture of radius 2″. The resulting spectrum equals a spectrum that would have been observed with a single aperture having a semi-major axis of R1 = 2′′ ≈ 1/2 Re. Applying pPXF to the composed spectrum provides σR,1 = 121.5 km s-1. We used that value in the power-law equations and obtained σe,LTG = 127.9 ± 4 km s-1 and σe,ETG = 117.1 ± 3 km s-1. Using α = −0.066 (Cappellari et al. 2006) results in σe,ETG = 116.3 ± 3 km s-1. The results diverge by approximately 10%. It must be noted that the velocity dispersion profiles generally show a very large scatter with different galaxies (see Cappellari et al. 2006, Falcón-Barroso et al.). We therefore also decided to derive σe using another method.
JAM can be used to predict VRMS, V and σ maps of 10″ × 10″ size, sufficiently enough to contain the effective radius of 3.9″. We used the luminous mass model (for details see Sects. 4.1, 4.2) and constrained the JAM model with the GMOS FOV. This model reproduced the general features (increased sigma lobes in the center, decreasing velocity dispersion with increasing radius) of the GMOS velocity dispersion map quite well. The value for σe was then derived by adding up the luminosity-weighted pixel values within an aperture radius of the effective radius of the bulge of 3.9 ± 1.4″. This method yielded an effective stellar velocity dispersion of 113 ± 5 km s-1.
Previous measurements predict that the central velocity dispersion for NGC 4414 in a rectangular aperture of size 2″ × 4″ yields σc = 117 ± 4 km s-1 (Barth et al. 2002; Ho et al. 2009). This value is consistent with the effective stellar velocity dispersion based on the JAM model and from the power-law extrapolation for early-type galaxies. As a result of the given analysis we conclude the effective stellar velocity dispersion of NGC 4414 to have an averaged value of 115.5 ± 3 km s-1.
In this section, we present the dynamical models which were constructed to measure the mass of the central black hole. In order to assess the robustness of the results, we used two methods which contain different assumptions and therefore provide independent results. The first method is the predefined JAM method Cappellari (2008, see footnote 2) which is based on the Jeans equations (Jeans 1922). In the second method, we applied the more general Schwarzschild orbit superposition method (Schwarzschild 1979; Cretton & van den Bosch 1999; van der Marel et al. 1998; Gebhardt et al. 2003; Cappellari et al. 2007; Onken et al. 2014) which is a complex numerical realization of the central galactic orbits. Both methods are further described in their allocated sections. A common requirement for both methods is the determination of the stellar gravitational potential which can be derived from the stellar luminosity of the galaxy combined with its M/L, which is discussed in the following section.
We modeled the dust-corrected galaxy surface brightness by using the Multi-Gaussian Expansion (MGE) introduced by Monnet et al. (1992) and Emsellem et al. (1994). In order to simplify the convolution and deprojection calculations the projected surface brightness is parametrized as a sum of two-dimensional concentric Gaussians (1)where N is the number of Gaussians with each having the total luminosity Lj, an observed axial ratio between and a dispersion along the major axis.
We performed our MGE modeling of NGC 4414 by using the software and method developed for general application on galaxies by Cappellari (2002, see footnote 2). A well-constructed dynamical model requires the combination of deep imaging of large FOV data with high-resolution data in the center of the galaxy. This provides a good estimate of the M/L in the outskirts and also reveals the nuclear morphology of the galaxy. In order to properly decompose the components of the light profile, we used the MGE routine on the ground-based wide-field SDSS r-band (12′ × 12′) and high-resolved HST/WFPC2 F606PC (36.4″ × 36.4″) image simultaneously. Due to the large amount of dust, we used the HST image only to fit the innermost isophotes (R ≤ 5″) and the dust-corrected SDSS r-band to measure the shape of the outer-disc isophotes. For the inner and outer regions, we kept the same constraints for the axial ratio of the two-dimensional Gaussians. As the dust attenuation significantly changes the shape and the amount of measured light, we applied a dust mask to the contaminated regions (see Appendix A.2). Before the MGE model of Eq. (1) can be compared with the observed surface brightness, the instrumental and atmospheric PSF have to be taken into account. We obtained a model of the HST/WFPC F606PC PSF at the center of the galaxy using the Tiny Tim HST PSF modeling tool (Krist & Hook 2001) and parametrized it with a circular MGE model (see Appendix B.1).
Comparison between the r-band isophotes of NGC 4414 (black) and the MGE surface brightness model (red) from the combination of the HST F606W and the SDSS r-band image. The upper panel shows a wide-field view with isophotes from the SDSS r-band image, the lower panel shows a magnification to the central 4 × 4″ region based on the HST F606W isophotes. Foreground stars and strong dust patterns were masked during the MGE fit. The upper panel is orientated such that north is at the top and east is on the left of the image, the lower panel is orientated as in Fig. 1.
MGE parameters for the deconvolved combined HST/SDSS surface brightness of NGC 4414.
The final MGE model is composed of eleven concentric Gaussians. Except for the dust structures on the eastern side of the galaxy and the spiral arms, the MGE model reproduces the shape of the isophote contours very well (Fig. 5). The best fitting MGE parameters of NGC 4414 in physical units are listed in Table 3 following prescriptions in Cappellari (2002).
We then de-projected the derived MGE model by using the MGE formalism to retrieve the three-dimensional intrinsic galaxy luminosity density. The de-projection provides non-unique solutions (Rybicki 1987) from which the MGE fit then chooses a density profile which is consistent with the observed photometry.
Finally, the galaxy luminosity density can be converted to the galaxy total mass density by multiplication with the galaxy’s stellar (M/L), which can be different for each Gaussian. In our models, we assume a constant M/L. The luminosity density is used in the next sections to construct dynamical models of NGC 4414.
The first method to derive the mass of the central black hole is based on the Jeans (1922) equations which follow on from the steady-state collisionless Boltzmann equation. The Jeans equation relates the galactic gravitational potential to the second velocity moment and the galaxy luminosity density (Binney & Tremaine 2008). The additional anisotropy parameter βz measures the anisotropy of the velocity distribution and therefore the orbital distribution in the galaxy. The solution of the line-of-sight integral over each Gaussian component is given by Eq. (28) in Cappellari (2008). The second velocity moment is well approximated by the observable quantity (2)where V is the stellar mean velocity and σ the velocity dispersion which parametrize the LOSVD and were measured in Sect. 3. Cappellari (2008) provide the JAM software (see footnote 2) which allows to construct a model of the central dynamics of NGC 4414 based on the Jeans formalism. Although the JAM method does not allow for a general anisotropy and could, in principle, produce biased results, it was shown to provide results in agreement with more general techniques in the cases where it was compared (Cappellari et al. 2010; Seth et al. 2014; Drehmer et al. 2015). Of particular interest is the case of the black hole in NGC 1277, where the Schwarzschild’s model of van den Bosch et al. (2012) indicated a significantly larger black hole than the models by Emsellem (2013), based on an N-body realization having the same 1st and 2nd moments of a JAM model (computed via Eqs. (19) to (21) in Cappellari 2008), which generalizes the MGE formalism. The latter black hole estimate turned out to be confirmed by subsequent work (Walsh et al. 2016) using high-resolution IFU data. This illustrates the usefulness of comparing black hole determination using different techniques based on different assumptions.
Results of the JAM modeling method. The left panel shows the bi-symmetrized observed with NIFS. The middle panel shows the JAM model for the upper limit of the mass of the central SMBH MBH = 0 M⊙ and the best fitting anisotropy parameter β = 0.12. It is clearly visible that the model cannot reproduce the NIFS VRMS very well. The right panel shows the grid of computed models (black points) overplotted with smoothed Δχ2 contour lines to find the best fitting model (larger black dot). The smoothing was applied by a minimum curvature algorithm. The thick contour line denotes the 3σ threshold.
From the derived MGE surface brightness we constructed several axisymmetric models. The models have three free parameters which are 1) the anisotropy parameter βz; 2) the mass of the black hole MBH; and 3) the dynamical mass-to-light ratio M/L. We fixed the inclination of the galaxy to that of the large-scale atomic and molecular gas disk (Vallejo et al. 2002; Wong et al. 2004, Sect. 5 of this paper).
In total, we constructed 54 dynamical models in a grid of βz = [0.07,0.17] and MBH = [0,3 × 105M⊙]. The formally best fitting model parameters could be determined by minimizing χ2 between model Vrms,model and the NIFS observation Vrms,obs. Figure 6 illustrates the βz−MBH grid of our constructed models. The JAM models are plotted as black points. In order to describe the agreement between the JAM models and the observed Vrms, we overplotted the contours of on the model grid with defined by the best fitting model. The mass of the black hole is not constrained resulting in an upper limit measurement of MBH = 1.5 × 105M⊙ (for one degree of freedom, marginalizing over βz) and MBH = 2 × 105M⊙ (for two degrees of freedom, see Fig. 6,) at 3σ significance obtained solely from the NIFS observations and the JAM models. This is approximately 50 times lower than that predicted by the MBH−σe relation (e.g. Greene et al. 2016, late-type). In addition, JAM provides the dynamical M/L of the best-fitting model of M/L = 1.84 ± 0.04.
For a visual comparison, we show the Vrms data and the best fitting JAM model in Fig. 6. Formally the best fitting dynamical model is given by MBH = 0 M⊙ and β = 0.12. We note that the JAM models generally do not reproduce the observations very accurately, but resemble the observed VRMS. However, while the actual shape of the Vrms cannot qualitatively be reproduced by the JAM models, the distinct Vrms drop from the center of the observations is also present in the models. This drop is very crucial as it provides important implications on the central black hole. Models with higher black hole masses fail more distinctly to reproduce this drop in the Vrms (see Sect. 5.2 and Fig. 11).
We constructed dynamical models based on the Schwarzschild (1979) method, generalized to fit stellar kinematics (Richstone & Tremaine 1988; Rix et al. 1997; van der Marel et al. 1998). The implementation we use was optimized for integral-field observations and is described in Cappellari et al. (2006). Briefly, the first step of the method is a construction of a library of orbits which evenly sample the space of three integrals of motion: energy E, vertical projection of the angular momentum Lz and the third integral, I3. Energy is sampled at 41 logarithmically spaced points specifying the representative radius of the orbit, while at each energy we used eleven radial and eleven angular points for sampling Lz and I3, respectively. Each model library comprises a total of 2 143 150 prograde and retrograde orbits bundled in groups of 63 = 216 orbits with adjacent initial conditions. The orbits are integrated in the potential defined by the MGE parametrisation of the light distribution (Sect. 4.1), which was projected at an inclination of 55 degrees, while assuming axisymmetry. The two free parameters which define the total potential are the mass-to-light ratio (M/L) and the mass of the black hole. Once the orbits are integrated, they can be projected onto the observable space (position in the sky and the LOSVD parameters), while taking into account the PSF and the Voronoi bins. Each orbit is assigned a weight in a non-negative least-squared fit (Lawson & Hanson 1974), and when combined they reproduce the observed stellar density and kinematics in each bin. Both NIFS and GMOS kinematic data are used to constrain the models, however we exclude the GMOS data from the central 0.8 arcscec (we verified that including the GMOS data does not change the results). As our Schwarzschild model is axisymmetric by construction, we first symmetrized the kinematics (V, σ, h3 and h4 maps) using point-(anti)symmetry around the photometric major axis, averaging at positions: [(x, y), (x, −y), (−x, y), (−x, −y)], while keeping the original errors in each bin. Finally, when running the linear orbital superposition, we used two levels of regularization, a moderately low Δ = 10 and a high one Δ = 4 (as defined in van der Marel et al. 1998). Both regularizations gave equivalent results and we present the one with moderate regularization.
Grids of 441 dynamical models are presented in Fig. 7. The contours show the Δχ2 levels, which are calculated for a two-parameter distribution, while the thick contour displays the 3σ level. In the left hand panel there is a discontinuity of the 3σΔχ2 level at lower masses, suggesting the possibility of also constraining the lower limit of MBH. However, this is not real and likely a spurious result of the models. Running a smaller orbital library constructed by sampling the three integrals (E, Lz, I3) with (21, 7, 8) starting conditions, results in several of these local minima in the region below MBH< 106M⊙. Regularizing the Schwarzschild models does not significantly improve the grid of Δχ2 values. The grid of Δχ2 becomes, however, significantly smoother when the size of the orbital library is increased, as shown here. A further increase of the library size would likely remove the present discontinuity.
Grids of Schwarzschild dynamical models (round symbols) with different mass-to-light ratios and black hole masses. Contours are the levels. The thick contours are the 3σ levels. Both panels are for regularization parameter of Δ = 10, while the right hand panel shows smoothed Δχ2 contours using the local non-parametric regression LOESS algorithm (Cleveland 1979; Cappellari et al. 2013b), with the local polynomial set to quadratic. The large red circle shows the model with the formal χ2 minimum. The LOESS smoothed χ2 contours indicate that no χ2 minimum is reached within our grid when models are marginalized over all M/L ratios. The dashed (green) line indicates the values of MBH for which the sphere of influence is three times smaller than the resolution of our NIFS data (this value is also close to the prediction based on the McConnell & Ma (2013)MBH−σe scaling relation). The dashed-double dotted (orange), long-dashed (blue) and dashed-dotted (red) vertical lines indicate predictions for MBH of the van den Bosch (2016), Saglia et al. (2016) and Greene et al. (2016) scaling relation (for all galaxies in their samples), respectively.
Comparison between the observed NIFS velocity dispersion map and three low MBH Schwarzschild models, all at the same M/L = 1.80. From left to right: the data, the model with the lowest MBH used in this work, a model which is formally outside the three-sigma uncertainty level, and the formal best fit model from Fig. 7left panel. The MBH values are given above the maps. There are no significant differences between these three models, and the differences with the data are on the level of systematics, arguing that the three-sigma uncertainty level on the left hand panel of Fig. 7 should be continuous and no lower limit to the MBH is found in NGC 4414.
As the increase in the orbital library is expensive in terms of computing, we examined the difference between these models in Fig. 8. Next to the observed velocity dispersion (NIFS), we plot two models with the lowest MBH and the model of the formal best fit from the left hand panel in Fig. 7. It is obvious that these models are not different in any significant way, even though the formal χ2 value is sufficiently higher for the model in the middle to exclude it from the three-sigma uncertainty level. The differences between the models are at the level of the systematic errors affecting the data, and this is likely connected to the size of the orbital library and intrisinc degeneracies such as the deprojection at a relatively low inclination (see Krajnović et al. 2005, for a similar situation related to the degeneracy in recovering the inclination and van der Marel et al. (1998) for a discussion on the topology of Δχ2 contours due to finite numerical accuracy of the models).
Summary of the derived M/L in NGC 4414.
Figure 8 suggests that one could apply a moderate level of smoothing to improve the topology of Δχ2 contours (e.g. Gebhardt et al. 2003). For the right hand plot of Fig. 7 we adaptively averaged Δχ2 contours using the local regression smoothing algorithm LOESS Cleveland (1979), adapted for two dimensions (Cleveland & Devlin 1988) as implemented by Cappellari et al. (2013a, see footnote 3). We used a limited number of points for the LOESS kernel with the fraction (of total number of points) equal to 0.2, and a local quadratic approximation, as the location of the χ2 minimum is similar to a quadratic function. This produces a smooth Δχ2 with a well-defined upper limit, fully consistent with the original grid. The formal best fit now has a somewhat larger MBH, and a slightly smaller M/L, but these should not be taken literally as there is no sufficient difference between the models within the three-sigma uncertainty level (see also the first model in Fig. 11).
The Schwarzschild models constrain the mass-to-light ratio to M/L = 1.80 ± 0.09, in good agreement with other estimates (Sect. 5.1 and Table 4). As discussed, we do not constrain the lower mass limit of MBH at 3σ level, while the upper mass limit is 1.56 × 106M⊙. In Appendix C we show the comparison between a representative Schwarzschild model within the three-sigma uncertainity level having M/L = 1.80 and MBH = 5.81 × 105M⊙, and the kinematics from GMOS and NIFS observations.
Both the Jeans and the Schwarzschild models from our previous analysis provide consistent results for the black hole mass of NGC 4414, constraining only the upper limit value. These upper limits mark the mass boundary of where the models start to become clearly inconsistent with our data. Below we carry out a comprehensive error analysis of our measurements, discuss our results with respect to the resolution limit and place the galaxy on the most recent and relevant MBH-host galaxy relations.
Many assumptions and uncertainties go into the dynamical models to determine the mass of the central black hole. While the statistical errors given in the previous sections account for the uncertainties of the models, it is also important to take a closer look at systematic effects which can drastically change the results. In this section, we evaluate the importance and effects of dust contamination, distance accuracy, dark matter contribution, variation in M/L with radius, and kinematical tracers.
Dust contamination: a large amount of dust pollutes the facing side of NGC 4414 (see Figs. A.2, A.4). This especially affects the visual light WFPC2 F606W PC and SDSS r-band images, less so in the infrared. Therefore, we corrected both images before modeling the surface brightness (see Appendix A.2). We checked the effect of the dust-correction by also creating MGE models from the WFPC2 F606W image in combination with different dust masks and even without a dust mask. Constructing dynamical models for these modified MGE models, however, revealed no significant change in the upper limit measurement, but the models represented the data less well.
Distance: NGC 4414 has approximately 40 distance measurements based on Cepheids and Tully-Fisher methods which span a range between 5 and 25 Mpc. Taking only distances into account that have a conservative error below 1 Mpc, the distance span lowers to between 16.6 ± 0.3 and 21.1 ± 0.9 Mpc (Kanbur et al. 2003; Paturel et al. 2002). This gives a difference of [–1.7, +4.0] Mpc to our applied distance value of 18.0 Mpc. In our dyncamical models, the distance operates as scaling factor and is directly proportional to the mass of the black hole and anti-proportional to the M/L. This means the uncertainty from the distance is around 20%. Taking the distance uncertainty into account for our models, we get MBH ≤ 1.85 × 106M⊙ and M/L = 1.8 ± 0.35.
Comparison between the CO observations and our convolved two-dimensional velocity model. The left and middle panels show the CO data obtained by Wong et al. (2004) and our model which best describes the CO data. The right panel shows the rotation curves of the CO observations (red points) and the best-fitting model (black solid line). We also separately plot the rotation curves from the stellar (blue solid line) and dark matter (green solid line) potential. All model curves are convolved with the kernel by Qian et al. (1995).
Dark matter: both dynamical modeling methods do not explicitly take dark matter (DM) into account. Consequently, the models are only reliable when the shape of the total density distribution is well approximated by the stellar density distribution within the region where we fit the kinematics. However, different studies (Gebhardt & Thomas 2009; Schulze & Gebhardt 2011; Rusli et al. 2013) report a change in black hole mass measurements when including the presence of dark matter in the region covered by the kinematic data. This happens when the dynamical models include kinematics at sufficiently large radii that the difference between the slope of the total and stellar density becomes significant. The reported effect of accounting for dark matter in the dynamical modeling method is a factor between 1.2 and 2 in the black hole mass and results from the degeneracy between the dark matter halo mass, the stellar mass-to-light ratio and the black hole mass. Therefore, neglecting the dark matter component increases the M/L leading to a smaller MBH to fit the observed kinematics. Vallejo et al. (2003) fit a Navarro-Frenk-White halo (Navarro et al. 1996) to the rotation curve of NGC 4414 and report a low-mass DM halo in the central region of the galaxy. As the low-DM assumption is important for the black hole measurement, we further validated our dynamical results by deriving the dark matter fraction within the observed region of NGC 4414.
Therefore, we constructed a model circular velocity map and compared it to CO observations deriving the stellar mass-to-light ratio and probing the existence of dark matter in the center of the galaxy. The CO velocity fields were derived by Wong et al. (2004) from mm-interferometric observations, which cover the CO emission for a large portion of the visible galaxy (R ≈ 50″). By fitting Gaussians to the spectrum of each pixel, using a customized version of the MIRIAD task GAUFIT, the authors derived the velocity map of their data. We used the mass model from Sect. 4.1 to derive the circular velocity profile along the galaxy major axis vmj. The central DM contribution was parametrized with a pseudo-isothermal sphere which predicts the following circular velocity for the DM component: (3)where ρ0 denotes central mass density of the sphere and rc is the core radius. We added the contribution of the pseudo-isothermal sphere quadratically to the stellar circular velocity. Using the standard projection formula (4)with the radius r2 = x2 + (y/ cosi)2 and galaxy inclination i, it is possible to construct an axisymmetric two-dimensional velocity map model from the velocity profile (Krajnović et al. 2005). The Wong et al. (2004) CO velocity field is sampled on square pixels of 1 arcsec size, while the observations had a beam of 6.53 × 4.88 arcsec. We convolved our model velocity field with the circular beam size of 6.53 arcsec using the kernel of Qian et al. (1995). The constructed velocity field is a function of stellar M/L, galaxy inclination i, central DM density ρ0 and core radius rc. In order to find the velocity field model which best represents the CO data, we tested different parameter grids and finally obtained M/L = 1.75, i = 55°, ρ0 = 0.2 and rc = 20″. The degeneracy between stellar mass-to-light ratio and dark matter was clearly visible while constructing the different models. The derived value for the M/L is consistent with the other measurements in this paper. In Fig. 9, we present the CO data, the best matching two-dimensional velocity field and a cross section of our velocity field model (black line) and the CO data (red dots) along the major axis. Except for the most central point of the CO data, our model reproduces the entire CO data very well. However, this outlier is tightly related to the CO emission hole in the center of NGC 4414. Figure 9 also illustrates the stellar and dark matter contribution of the velocity profile separately. We note that, for r< 10″, which is probed by the NIFS and GMOS data, the dark matter contribution is small; approximately 10% of the total mass.
We also tested the DM content of NGC 4414 by running another set of dynamical JAM models, this time adding a spherical dark halo component, modeled as generalized Navarro-Frenk-White profile (Navarro et al. 1996) with fixed rs = 20 Kpc, to the galaxy potential. We then calculated a parameter grid of MBH, M/L, the halo density ρs at rs and the dark halo slope γ for r ≪ rs. These models showed consistent results with the CO data. Therefore, the no-dark-matter assumption is acceptable for the dynamical models of the central region of NGC 4414. This is consistent with other findings (Vallejo et al. 2003; Cappellari et al. 2013a).
Stellar M/L Variation: our dynamical models assume that the M/L stays constant for different radii. However, stellar population changes can result in different M/L. Various observations and models suggest that different evolutionary histories in different regions of spiral galaxies lead to variations in the stellar M/L (Bell & de Jong 2001), which can affect the results of the dynamical models (Portinari & Salucci 2010). We tested the M/L variation by applying pPXF to our GMOS data and fitting a linear combination of Simple Stellar Population (SSP) model spectra to the galaxy spectrum.
In order to cover the optical wavelength range of the GMOS spectrum, we used the model spectra from the MILES SSP model library (Vazdekis et al. 2010) which spans an equally spaced 50 × 7 grid of age ranging from 0.06 to 17.78 Gyr and metallicities between [Z/H] = –2.32 and 0.22. As initial mass function (IMF) we assumed the standard Salpeter (1955) IMF and the Kroupa (2001) revised IMF. We used the method described in McDermid et al. (2015), Shetty & Cappellari (2015) to determine the stellar population of NGC 4414, by applying weights to the different SSP model spectra and constrain these with the pPXF built-in regularization option which specifies the penalization of the χ2. Models with similar ages and metallicities were assigned smoothly varying weights until difference in χ2 between the current and non-regularized solution satisfied the following criteria where N is the number of pixels fitted in the spectrum (Press 2007).
We analyzed the stellar populations using two different approaches. In the first approach, we fitted the SSP models to the composite spectrum of the entire GMOS cube from which we determined the mass-weighted age of NGC 4414 to be approximately 4.5 Gyr and the mass-weighted metallicity of ⟨ [M/H] ⟩ = 0.0975 for Salpeter as well as 4.5 Gyr and ⟨ [M/H] ⟩ = 0.0812 for Kroupa. The derived stellar population provides the mass-weighted M/L, calculated as (5)where wj denotes the weight given by the pPXF fit to the jth template, M∗ ,j is the mass of the jth template given in stars and stellar remnants, and Lr,j is the r-band (AB) luminosity of the template. We determined a M/L = 2.1 from the stellar population. In our second approach we were interested in the strength of the M/L gradient for NGC 4414. Therefore, we co-added the spectra in circular apertures of different radii and applied pPXF to these composite spectra. Figure 10 shows the radial trends for the derived stellar M/L, the mass-weighted metallicity and the mass-weighted age for the two different assumed IMFs.The difference in IMF solely introduces an offset between the results. Clear evidence for a gradient in M/L is visible in Fig. 10, however, the stellar M/L only changes by 10% between 0.5′′and 6.5′′. The uncertainty in the black hole mass due to the stellar M/L variation also yields approximately 10%. Therefore, we conclude that within the level of precision achievable with our dynamical modeling methods, M/L = const. is an adequate assumption. By keeping the dynamical M/L constant, we are also able to account for the small amount of dark matter found in the center of the galaxy (McConnell et al. 2013).
Table 10 gives an overview of the M/L measurements of NGC 4414 which we determined with very different methods. The measurements show great consistency with each other. However, the stellar M/L values derived from the stellar populations show noticeably higher trends than the dynamical M/L. The dynamical M/L measurements are strongly dependent on the distance accuracy of NGC 4414. As noted above, this distance uncertainty increases the measured dynamical M/L uncertainty by 10%. Thus, assuming a distance of 16 Mpc instead would increase the Schwarzschild M/L to 2.0 ± 0.1 which is more consistent with the stellar M/L. Therefore, we conclude that the different M/L ratios result from uncertainties in the different methods.
Kinematic tracer: in order to construct dynamical models, we would ideally use a luminosity density which was observed in a similar band to the kinematical tracer. Using a luminosity density in the r-band while probing the central kinematics in the K-band could lead to tracking different stellar populations. Therefore, we tested the compatibility between the r-band and K-band surface brightness of NGC 4414. Figure B.1 provides initial evidence of how well the the HST data matches the NIFS K-band image. After convolution with the NIFS PSF, the HST data fits the center of the collapsed NIFS data very well and discrepancies arise at the edges of the NIFS data where dust begins to emerge. In a second attempt to compare both tracers, we constructed a MGE model from the combination of the reconstructed NIFS image, the WFPC2 F606W image and the SDSS r-band image. We used the reconstructed NIFS image to probe the central 1.2′′ of NGC 4414, HST between 1.2″ <r< 5″ and SDSS for the remaining extent of the galaxy. We then constructed dynamical Jeans models from this new MGE in combination with NIFS kinematics. From this test, we determined the best-fitting model parameters to be MBH = 0 M⊙ and M/L = 1.79. Within 3σ statistical uncertainty the χ2 criterion provides an upper limit of 2.4 × 105M⊙, which is consistent with our r-band image-only MGE model results. Therefore, inaccuracies in the tracer distribution do not affect our final results.
Radial trends of the stellar M/L, the mass-weighted metallicity and the mass-weighted age of NGC 4414 derived from pPXF. The given radius is the radius of a circular aperture around the galaxy center which defines the spectra used for the respective composite spectrum. We tested the Salpeter IMF (blue) as well as the Kroupa revised IMF (red). For improved clarity, the red points have been shifted very slightly to the left.
Comparison between the observed NIFS velocity dispersion map and three representative Schwarzschild models, all at the same M/L = 1.80 and with different black hole masses. From left to right: the data, the formal best fit MBH (using LOESS) model, a model with MBH a factor of five higher than the previous one (70% higher than the derived upper limit), and the model with MBH for which the sphere of influence is the same as our spatial resolution. The MBH values are given above the maps. Note the appearance of the central velocity dispersion peak for models above the formal upper limit. The same comparison is given for the JAM Vrms models in the lower panels.
The case of NGC 4414 provides important conclusions relating to the resolution limit of black hole measurements. In this study, we are able to constrain the black hole upper mass limit of NGC 4414 to a significantly lower value than the resolution limit given by our high-resolution NIFS data.
The vertical lines in Fig. 7 show expected values for the MBH in NGC 4414, based on the predictions from recent MBH−σe scaling relations (McConnell & Ma 2013; Saglia et al. 2016; Greene et al. 2016) and the MBH-size-mass relation proposed by van den Bosch (2016). The closest to the derived upper limit is the MBH-size-mass relation by van den Bosch (2016), which predicts MBH = 3.66 × 106M⊙ based on the galaxy effective radius (Davis et al. 2012) and the total galaxy mass (which we obtained from JAM) . This prediction is followed by the McConnell & Ma (2013) relation for all galaxy types, which, assuming the velocity dispersion of NGC 4414 within the effective radius, predicts MBH = 9.4 × 106M⊙, approximately five times larger than our formal upper limit. A similar mass is obtained if one looks for the lower MBH limit that we should have been able to detect, assuming that the black hole sphere of influence is three times smaller than the resolution of NIFS data (0.13′′). Krajnović et al. (2009) showed that it is not necessary to resolve the sphere of influence to estimate MBH if one has IFU data covering approximately one effective radius of the galaxy as well as the high resolution adaptive optics assisted IFU observations of the nucleus. With such data it is feasible to estimate MBH for black holes when the sphere of influence is up to three times that of the spatial resolution of the data (see also Cappellari et al. 2010). For our observations of NGC 4414, this lower MBH limit is 7.5 × 106M⊙. Given these limits, the quality of the data presented here, and predictions from the latest estimates of the scaling relations for late-type galaxies (e.g., 9.8 × 106M⊙; Greene et al. 2016, late-type) or low mass galaxies, we would have been able to measure MBH, if it were as predicted by the MBH−σe relation. However, the upper limit obtained from Schwarzschild models is still several factors smaller than the expected MBH, which suggests that the NGC 4414 has an under-massive central black hole, if any at all.
Furthermore, Fig. 11 shows that the models start significantly departing (such that it is visually easy to see the differences) from the observed data for MBH a few times larger than the formal upper limit. The velocity dispersion map of the highest mass black hole in this figure is obviously very different from the observed velocity dispersion. The central peak is completely absent in the data. This peak decreases with smaller MBH, and is not visible for the models within the 3σ confidence level. The kinematically cold nuclear structure essentially limits the mass of the central black hole to a few times 106M⊙, a factor of ten smaller than expected from the latest scaling relations (e.g., Saglia et al. 2016; Greene et al. 2016. The same results can be recovered from less general JAM models as well (constrained using only the high resolution data).
Crucially, this suggests that when one uses high quality IFU data, the predicted sphere of influence should be taken only as a very rough guide for the possible MBH one could measure. In the case of NGC 4414, the sphere of influence for the black hole of 106M⊙ is approximately 0.004 arcsec, while the resolution of the NIFS data is approximately 0.1 arcsec, a factor of 25 lower. Nevertheless, in this case, the models are able to rule out MBH ≥ 2 × 106M⊙, as visually confirmed in Fig. 11.
The measured upper limit for the black hole mass is approximately five times lower than the black hole we would formally be able to measure based on the sphere of influence criterion only. Constraining dynamical models with high quality IFU data and imaging (high-resolution and having a large field-of-view in both cases), can therefore bring down the measurement of black holes for at least this factor compared to the prediction based on the formal resolution limit and the sphere of influence argument. This implies that not being able to resolve the sphere of influence is not a hard limit which prohibits the detection of the corresponding massive black hole in future observations. The sphere of influence should be taken only as a rough indicator for black hole mass measurements. High Strehl ratio IFU data (covering a large area of the galaxy) can be, however, trusted to provide constraints for SMBHs several factors lower than predicted by the simple sphere of influence argument.
Location of the upper limit mass measurement of NGC 4414 in the MBH−σe relation. The data points were taken from the BH compilation of Saglia et al. (2016) in addition to measurements by Verdoes Kleijn et al. (2002), Greene et al. (2010), Coccato et al. (2006), De Lorenzi et al. (2013), den Brok et al. (2015), Walsh et al. (2015, 2016), Greene et al. (2016), Thomas et al. (2016), Bentz et al. (2016) and divided into early-type galaxies (blue), S0 type (green) and late-type galaxies (red). Our upper-limit measurement is indicated by a red star. We have also added the scaling relations by Saglia et al. (2016) for all types of galaxies (solid) and Greene et al. (2016), McConnell & Ma (2013) for late-type galaxies (dashed,dashed-dotted).
The MBH−σe relation (Ferrarese & Merritt 2000; Gebhardt et al. 2000; Tremaine et al. 2002) can be described by a single power law over a wide range in effective stellar velocity dispersion (Graham et al. 2011; McConnell & Ma 2013; Kormendy & Ho 2013). Its effective stellar velocity dispersion of σe = 115.5 ± 3 km s-1 (Sect. 3.4) indicates that NGC 4414 contributes to the low-mass end of the MBH−σe correlation, which is poorly populated. Figure 12 shows a reconstruction of the most recent version of the MBH−σe relation (McConnell & Ma 2013; Saglia et al. 2016; Greene et al. 2016) for spirals and all galaxies. We created the diagram with the SMBH sample from the compilation of Saglia et al. (2016) and added a number of spiral galaxies and previous outlier upper-limit measurements ((Verdoes Kleijn et al. 2002; Greene et al. 2010; Coccato et al. 2006; De Lorenzi et al. 2013; den Brok et al. 2015; Walsh et al. 2015, 2016; Greene et al. 2016; Thomas et al. 2016); Bentz et al. 2016). The location of NGC 4414 in the MBH−σe relation is indicated by a red star. It is clearly visible that our MBH measurement lies below the shown scaling relations, but is possibly located within the region of late-type galaxies. Comparing our upper limit result with the SMBH masses derived from the scaling relations, we find a deviation of 1σ for Saglia et al. (2016), 1.5σ for McConnell & Ma (2013) and 2.5σ for Greene et al. (2016) whereas Greene et al. (2016) assumes much smaller errors. Therefore, NGC 4414 could be located in the region spanned by the scatter of the relations, if not even lower. This scatter is generally very wide in the σe scaling relations, both in the low and also the upper end.
NGC 4414 is not the only galaxy, which shows a significant divergence from the black hole scaling relations. Many outliers can be found in the upper-mass end of the relations, but a number of galaxies have also been found for which the dynamical models predict an upper limit to the black hole mass, putting them below the MBH−σe scaling relation (Sarzi et al. 2001; Merritt et al. 2001; Gebhardt et al. 2001; Valluri et al. 2005; Coccato et al. 2006). Below the scaling relation there are three upper limits of which only NGC 4414 is obtained from stellar kinematics. Vittorini et al. (2005) suggest these objects could likely be “laggard” galaxies (e.g., Vittorini et al. 2005; Coccato et al. 2006) that could not yet completely develop their massive black holes. These galaxies have spent most of their lifetime isolated in “the field”, where encounters are so rare that gas fueling of the galactic center is slowed down causing a limited growth of the black hole mass.
NGC 4414 seems to continue the trend seen in the late-type galaxies of Greene et al. (2016) and more work in this σ range is necessary to better constrain the slope of the black hole scaling relations.
We obtained high-resolution NGS adaptive optics-assisted Gemini NIFS and large-scale Gemini GMOS IFU observations of the spiral galaxy NGC 4414 to map its kinematics which trace the gravitational potential of the central SMBH. The stellar kinematic maps reveal a regular rotation with a maximum of ± 90 km s-1 and an elongated central velocity dispersion decrease going down to 105 km s-1. We combined the kinematics data with a luminous mass model from dust-corrected HST WFPC2 F606W and SDSS r-band images and constructed dynamical JAM and Schwarzschild models from the light model and the kinematic information. The dynamical models cannot constrain the lower mass of the central mass hole and only predict an upper limit mass. The JAM models provide MBH< 1.5 × 105M⊙ and a M/L = 1.84 ± 0.04, while the more sophisticated orbit-based Schwarzschild models state MBH< 1.56 × 106M⊙ and a M/L = 1.8 ± 0.09 at 3σ significance. This upper limit measurement is 1σ below the Saglia et al. (2016) and 2.5σ below the Greene et al. (2016)MBH−σe relation assuming σe = 115.5 ± 3 km s-1. In order to analyze the robustness of the measurements, we tested how various systematic uncertainties, such as dark matter content, dust attenuation, M/L variation, distance uncertainty and kinematic tracer variation, influence the results. Taking the different uncertainties into account, we remain in the black hole uncertainty given by the 3σ significance of the χ2 criteria. We are able to accurately constrain the black hole upper limit to approximately five times less than the black hole mass predicted by the resolution of our instruments. This result shows that AO-supported IFU data permits us to look for black holes with masses significantly below the resolution limit. This is especially important in the low-mass black hole regime, which is still largely underpopulated in the black hole-host galaxy relations. While our measurement of NGC 4414 provides a new measurement in this undersampled black hole domain, additional black hole mass measurements are needed in order to find a consensus on what happens in the low-mass end of the scaling relations.
Before deriving the MGE model from the SDSS/r-band image, we corrected it for the effects of dust absorption based on the method described in Cappellari et al. (2002), Scott et al. (2013). The main assumption of this method is that the dust can be summed up to a light absorbing screen between the observer and the galaxy (Carollo et al. 1997; Cappellari et al. 2002). Due to the extinction, this screen changes the intrinsic color of the dust-affected galaxy fragments which are assumed to have the same intrinsic color as the adjacent regions. According to the Galactic extinction law we derived the r-band extinction Ar from the color excess between the g- and i-band images Ar = 1.15 E(g−i). The main steps of our dust correction were the following: 1) For each pixel, the color (g−i) was calculated and plotted over the logarithm of the semi-major axis distance; 2) assuming that the intrinsic galaxy color varies linearly with the logarithm of the radius, we performed a robust linear fit to the radial color profile to determine the underlying color gradient of the galaxy. The color profile of NGC 4414 is presented in Fig. A.1. As typically for spiral galaxies, the profile shows a color gradient with the central regions being redder than the outskirts of the galaxy. The color excess E(g−i) was then computed for each pixel as the difference between measured and intrinsic galaxy color. Thus, we retrieved a E(g−i) color excess map of NGC 4414. All pixels above a threshold, chosen to be E(g−i) > 0.11, were significantly affected by dust extinction and corrected in the SDSS/r-band image by using the Galactic extinction law. The method corrected patchy dust absorption which could be found in the disk regions of the eastern side of NGC 4414 which faces towards us (Fig. A.2). The figure also shows quantitatively how much of the measured flux was corrected (where 0.1 means 10% (blue) and 0.25 means 25% (orange)). The largest correction was approximately 25% of the measured flux in the eastern side of NGC 4414. The lines in the center of the image are edge artifacts from assembling the single SDSS images to a large FOV montage and were masked in the surface brightness modeling.
Color profile of the SDSS g−i map used for the dust correction. The best-fitting linear line obtained by a robust fit is shown in green. We decided the red line to be the threshold in order to assure the same width of the gradient under the line-fit and above. All pixels above the red line and for log (d) < 1.9 ( ≈ 80) [arcsec] were corrected for extinction.
Dust-corrected central region of the observed SDSS r-band image. The correction was only applied within a major axis radius of 80″ (see caption of Fig. A.1). The over-plotted color coding indicates the degree of the correction where 0.1 means that the observed flux increased by 10%. The lines in the center of the image are edge artifacts from assembling the single SDSS images to a large FOV montage.
As NGC 4414 shows further dust patterns in the central regions, we also attempted to correct the dust in the F606W PC image. This dust correction is very important for the models as the PC image probes the direct vicinity of the black hole. It was not possible to apply the same dust correction as for the SDSS r-band image, as NGC 4414 PC images of other bands were all saturated in the center. Therefore, we decided for creating a dust mask in order to account for dust attenuation in the MGE modeling.
Logarithmic surface brightness profile (in photon counts) of the HST F606W image used for the dust-masking. Every dot is a pixel in the image, the lower envelope fit of the surface brightness is given by the red solid line. Each pixel below the line is masked in the photometric measurement of the MGE. The green dashed line marks the edge of the image which is used for the MGE modeling.
Dust masked region of the HST/F606W image. The black parts of the image are the regions which were masked to account for dust attenuation. The green circle marks the region which was used in the MGE modeling (r< 5′′).
We chose to mask those pixels which deviated significantly from the characteristic galaxy surface brightness profile (Fig. A.3). Both the dust patches and hot pixels are clearly evident in this profile. We distinguished the dust affected from the unaffected pixels by fitting the lower envelope of the main surface brightness profile with an appropriate function (four parameter logistic function) and masked the pixels below this fit. The masked pixels are shown in Fig. A.4.
In order to compare the MGE model of NGC 4414 (Sect. 4.1) with the observed surface brightness, it is necessary to convolve it with the central image PSF. We generated the PSF for the WFPC2/F606PC image by using Tiny Tim. The PSF was modeled by a sum of concentric circular Gaussians using the MGE method. Each of the Gaussians was assigned a relative weight which is normalized such that the sum of the weights equals one. The MGE parameters of the single Gaussians are given in Table B.1. On the other hand, modeling the Tiny Tim PSF with one circular Gaussian, we obtained FWHM = 0.09″.
MGE parameters of the HST/WFPC2/F606PC circular PSF fit.
Determination of the NIFS (top) and GMOS (bottom) PSF by comparing the light profiles of the NIFS/GMOS and HST images along the major axis. In both panels the open circles denote the IFU profiles and blue solid lines the HST profiles. The HST profiles were convolved with the PSFs of Table 2 to fit the IFU data and are shown as dashed blue lines.
In order to determine to which scales we can probe the inner dynamics of NGC 4414, a proper estimate of the spatial resolution of our IFU data is indispensable. When no point sources can be found in the observed FOV, the observed images have to be compared with reference images of significantly higher resolution (Davies 2008; Krajnović et al. 2009). The HST/WFPC2 image that we obtained to derive our luminosity mass model provides sufficient resolution. The spatial resolution of the IFU’s could then be determined by convolving the HST image with a PSF and then degrading the image until it matched the reconstructed IFU image. A good description for the PSF can be obtained by a sum of two circular and concentric Gaussians, G, one having a broad- and the other a narrow shape (B.1)where f1 is the relative flux of the narrow Gaussian. We used two Gaussians to determine the PSF of the NIFS observation and a single Gaussian for the GMOS observation. In order to compare the different images with each other, we aligned them by rotating them such that the major and minor axes of the galaxies were coinciding. After the convolution, the HST image was rebinned to the same pixel scale as the respective IFU observation. The best fitting PSF parameters are found by minimizing the residual between the convolved HST image and the reconstructed IFU image. Finally, the PSF of the HST image (Sect. B.1) had to be added quadratically to the measured PSFs. The best-fitting parameters of our PSFs are given in Table 2 and a comparison of the light profiles of the used images along the major axis is shown in Fig. B.1. The convolved HST profiles (blue dashed lines) reproduce the IFU (open circles) profiles very well in the majority of cases.
The Strehl ratio measures the effect of wavefront aberrations on the optical quality of the observations. It can be determined by comparing the peak intensity of the measured PSF and the peak intensity of the ideal diffraction limited PSF assuming an ideal working LGS AO. In this work, we obtained the FWHM of the narrow Gaussian component of the NIFS observation to be 0.126″ (see table 2), while the diffraction limited FWHM at 2.2 microns on the Gemini 8-m telescope is approximately 0.07″ (McGregor et al. 1999). We created normalized 2D Gaussians from those two FWHM and compared the peak intensities to obtain a Strehl ratio of 30.8%.
the edge of our grid in MBH. Therefore we present here a representative model close to the upper mass limit given by the 3σ uncertainty level. The model reproduces most of the kinematics features both on NIFS and GMOS data. For the NIFS data, the major difference is an over prediction of the central velocity dispersion and under prediction of h4 Gauss-Hermite coefficient at approximately two and one sigma level. For GMOS data the models reproduce the kinematics maps to a similarly good standard with the exception of the central regions on the velocity dispersion and the h4 maps. Note that the central one arcsec was not fitted for the GMOS data, which partially explains the over-prediction of the velocity dispersion and the under-prediction of h4 at approximately the two sigma level.
Top row: symmetrized NIFS maps showing (from left to right) the mean velocity, the velocity dispersion and h3 and h4 Gauss-Hermite moments. Middle row: Schwarzschild dynamical models for M/L = 1.80 and MBH = 5.81 × 105M⊙. The maps show the same quantities as in the row above. Bottom row: the difference between the Schwarzschild model predicted and the observed kinematics, divided by the observational errors.
As in Fig. C.1 but for GMOS data. | 2019-04-23T14:17:26 | https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2017/01/aa29480-16/aa29480-16.html |
0.999404 | Review: Many centuries ago, there was once a monarch, King Lear (Paul Scofield) who was nearing the end of his life, so to take some of the weight of power from his shoulders, he decided that instead of allowing his kingdom to be carved up after his death, he would divide it up himself. He had three daughters, and brought them together at his castle to tell them the good news; Goneril (Irene Worth) and Regan (Susan Engel) were appropriately grateful, but the youngest sibling Cordelia (Anne-Lise Gabold) refused to say anything in thanks, and received a dressing down from her father. But was this because she had foreseen the major problems he was creating with his actions?
Peter Brook is one of the greatest theatre directors of the twentieth century, but as was the case with many such talents, he was coaxed to the film world to make pictures there; not very often, but his adaptations of famed plays and books were respectfully noted, even among those who did not like what he conjured up. Perhaps the most controversial of these was what he did to William Shakespeare's King Lear, which was informed by some stark texts on how to make the Bard relevant, as well as the place of the individual in the universe and how if you took a very sober view of even the greatest of men and women, in the long run none of their achievements meant anything.
So imagine where that leaves the rest of us ordinary folks, but as far as translating such weighty themes to the big screen the main criticism of Brook's approach was that in his drive to craft a scenario as apocalyptic as possible, he sacrificed coherence and wasted Scofield's interpretation of what many believed was his greatest role. It was true to say that over and above the high-falutin' philosophising it was the film's emphasis on a madness taking hold of what had been a peace so precarious that nobody had realised how fragile it was, made its visual channelling of that horror of impending mayhem something of a mishmash of terrible weather and blustering thespians.
Make no mistake, it looked bloody freezing, all shot in Denmark at what looked like a typically bitter winter, so that even when in the latter stages they hit the beach it was the most unforgiving stretch of sand the production could have found. The unspoken influence here was obvious however, not some theatrical theorist but a film director, Ingmar Bergman, whose stark black and white imagery was evoked throughout. If Bergman had become the last word in the human condition as far as film went, it was a little dispiriting to see Brook so slavishly attempt to refashion that same unblinking examination of our foibles, vanities and outright follies and calamities, not that this King Lear was going to play out as if the Swedish master had helmed it himself - but you had to ponder the Scandinavian setting, for a start.
Another issue was that if you did not know the play beforehand, you would be pretty lost by about half an hour in, given Brook's liking for closeups on his cast's faces outlined in the contrast between the dark and light and a depiction of the snow, wind and rain that was more a record of how difficult it was to film under such a climate than it was of dramatic use. You would have an advantage if you had seen Akira Kurosawa's Ran, his eighties filming of Lear, which though chaos was a big part of the storyline, was nevertheless easy enough to follow, unlike the murky imagery you had here. But that may have been the point, that we were all standing on the brink of that chaos, and it took one wrong decision, one display of hubris or overconfidence, to topple over into the abyss, a message that never got old, sad to say, and was paramount in what you took away from Brook's savage invention. On the other hand, you had to be truly dedicated to stay the course to this cynical, sorrowful conclusion.
This review has been viewed 28 time(s). | 2019-04-20T16:22:11 | http://thespinningimage.co.uk/cultfilms/displaycultfilm.asp?reviewid=12310 |
0.999985 | The Peace Corps is one of the best known and respected volunteer organizations in the United States. It was established in 1961 to promote world peace and friendship through the service of American Volunteers abroad. More than 170,000 Americans have served in the Peace Corps over the last 40 years throughout 137 countries.
I think the Peace Corps has a great deal to offer and two years isn't that long when you consider what you can accomplish in the PC. However, you should be prepared for a lengthy, time consuming application process -- and yes the bureaucracy of the United States Government.
I have been asked this question by many people over the last 8 months, so I will try to boil it down into a concise answer. I have wanted to join the Peace Corps since attending the MA program at UT Austin, however my career took first priority. I am glad I made the decision to focus on my career, since I have enjoyed every single aspect of it. And, I think I am now in a much better place in my life to pursue this dream and make an impact. I wanted to join the Peace Corps for several reasons. At the most basic level, I wanted to give back , to learn to appreciate a new culture and way of life, to learn a new language and to go home each night feeling like I am making a contribution or impacting at least a few people. I have been very fortunate in my youth as well as my adult years, and I wanted to give back and help a few people that have not been as lucky as me. The last reason is much more personal, but I will share it anyway. I found myself at a crossroad -- I could clearly see the next step in my career in the advertising industry. I wasn't sure if that was what I wanted to pursue for the next 30 years. I decided that I owed it to myself to take a risk and look at things upside down instead of right side up. I hope this experience will give me the opportunity to compare two distinctly different options and make a decision on the best and most appropriate path for my future. Who knows, I may return to the Advertising industry, work for the UN, go into politics or I may find a new pursuit that I haven't even considered. And yes, being single with no kids made the timing appropriate, but I don't think it made the choice any easier.
Since 1960, when then-Senator John F. Kennedy challenged students at the University of Michigan to serve their country in the cause of peace by living and working in developing countries, more than 170,000 Peace Corps Volunteers have served in 136 countries all over the globe. They have been teachers and mentors to countless children. They've helped farmers grow crops, worked with small businesses to market products, and shown women how to care for their babies. More recently, they've helped schools develop computer skills, and educated entire communities about the threat of HIV/AIDS.
Throughout its history, the Peace Corps has adapted and responded to the issues of the times. In an ever-changing world, Peace Corps Volunteers meet new challenges with innovation, creativity, determination, and compassion. These are the qualities that have allowed the Peace Corps to achieve its mission since 1961, and they remain the keys to achieving that mission today. | 2019-04-20T14:59:15 | http://youngterry.tripod.com/pc.htm |
0.969118 | "Why is it necessary to categorise non-fiction books?" I hear you asking. Well, I've got an easy answer for that: walk into your nearest book store. What do you see?
Way too many books, that's what.
Narrative books are books that tell a story. Examples include biographies, memoirs, and histories.
Tree books are books that lay out a framework of ideas. A good example is Daniel Kahneman's Thinking: Fast and Slow, which lays out his life's work — the entirety of behavioural economics — in a single book. (So an entire field, like a tree of knowledge, in one book. Geddit, geddit?) Other books I can think of in this category are High Output Management by Andy Grove, and Principles by Ray Dalio.
Branch books are the most common type of book you'll find in the non-fiction section. These are books that consist of a single idea. The rest of the book is then padded out with examples, extrapolations, and implications of that single idea. A good example of this is Nicholas Nassem Taleb's Antifragile, which can be summarised in a single sentence: "the world consists of systems that are fragile (break easily), robust (are difficult to break) and are antifragile (gets stronger the more you try to break it e.g. like democracy)." The rest of the book explores the full implications of seeing systems as 'fragile/robust/antifragile'.
I've used the term 'tree' and 'branch' because a branch is a subset of a tree. I've often found books on management to be a subset of the framework outlined in Andy Grove's High Output Management, for instance. As a concrete example, the management branch book Radical Candor is simply a detailed examination of ideas that are implied in High Output Management. The ideas in a branch book can often be hung up on the framework developed by a tree book.
Another concrete example: you can hang up pretty much any book by psychologist Dan Ariely on the tree of ideas developed in Daniel Kahneman's Thinking: Fast and Slow.
It's no accident that I summarised Taleb's Antifragile in a single sentence above. The key feature of branch books, for me, is that you can easily summarise them. Which then implies that if someone has written a good summary of a branch book, you can read the summary instead of reading the full book.
If someone has written a good summary of a branch book, you can read the summary instead of reading the full book.
This is a useful thing to know. Conversely, tree books and narratives are difficult to summarise. And I'd warn against reading summaries of those books in lieu of reading the actual text: too much gets lost in translation.
The other implication, then, is that services like Blinkist are completely useless for 2/3 of the types of books in non-fiction.
Are these the only kinds of books? Definitely not. There are other books out there that are hybrids: Being Mortal by Atul Gawande is an example of a narrative+branch book (how to die in the modern world, intertwined with the story of his father's death) and Ben Horowitz's The Hard Thing about Hard Things is narrative+tree (the story of his entrepreneurship journey, combined with lessons for CEOs).
But by and large these 3 categories are all you need. I've decided against adding a fourth category (for technical books, which demand a different approach to reading them). Keeping it to 3 categories simplifies matters, especially for when you're next in a book store, looking for something to read.
Similarly, not all branch books are bad, and — despite being rarer — not all tree books are good. Some branch books, like The Rise and Fall of American Growth, or The Better Angels of Our Nature, are a tour de force of writing and research, made to advance a single argument.
There's another implication here: you can skim branch books. You shouldn't skim narratives and tree books.
With tree books in particular, I find that slowing down to reflect on each chapter to be incredibly rewarding, so long as the tree book is a good one.
But branch books: man. It's absolutely possible to skim branch books while still maintaining an optimal amount of learning.
Read/skim each chapter: Read the title, the first few paragraphs or the first few pages of the chapter to figure out how the author is using the chapter and where it fits into the argument of the whole book. Then skim through headings and subheadings to get an idea of the flow. Read the first sentence and last sentence of each paragraph. Once you get an argument, feel free to move on to the next argument, skipping over the many repeated case studies or examples.
End with the table of contents again, looking through, and summarising each.
I've had friends who have told me that they've found many non-fiction books infuriating: "the author repeats himself way too much!" or "I got the point a chapter in, and every subsequent chapter just drove the point home needlessly."
They're not wrong; they're simply reading a bad branch book. My personal suspicion is that badly written branch books are a reflection of the thought-leader-speaker industry. These authors have one good idea, and need to pad out 200 pages of paper in order to gain access to the highly lucrative world of conference speaking.
The best approach with these kinds of books are to: buy them second hand, read them quickly, or to read a summary ... which is to say: to not read them at all. | 2019-04-25T22:28:31 | https://commoncog.com/blog/the-3-kinds-of-non-fiction-book/ |
0.998856 | Why I have to read this "Frequently Asked Questions"?
This are our Frequently Asked Questions in the last 10 years and we recieve these questions daily. Please look for the right question and you will find the correct answer to that, but if you have any other questions, please contact us.
First I have to book the accommodation or the transfer?
According to our policy we can send you the offer only, if an exact destination and travel time is given. Important to know that we are not a travel agency. With over 10 years of experience, we recommend that you first select the destination and date, then book your accommodation and only after ask for a quotation to avoid misunderstandings. Please note that we need the final and full details to send you an offer.
When and what details do you need from me for the offer?
With pleasure we send you an offer, but not earlier than 6 month within your planned departure date and knowing all information which is needed. The reason is that we can not forecast the fares (toll fee, costs of fuel, parking fee.. etc) so much time in advance and can not guess your pick-up place, drop-off place or the day of travel, if you are also unsure about it. We thank you for your understanding.
What type of transportation do you have?
We have private transfers only. Send us your route and we would be happy to assist you on your journey.
Do you have airport transfer between Budapest and neighbourhood countries?
We have long-distance transfers only, so yes is possible between Budapest and Vienna Airport, Bratislava Airport or Zagreb Airport. In case you like travel to an airport which is far, we recommend to travel one day prior in order to avoid being late and miss your flight.
Yes, of course and the costs will vary depending upon distances and waiting times.
Is the driver staying in the vehicle when we stop for lunch or we explore a place on the way?
He always stays in the vehicle during your excursion and wait for you at each stop. The drivers task is, apart from driving to take care of all your staff left behind in the car during sightseeing. Should you leave the car for a tour, you can leave luggage inside the car and we take responsibility for highest security of your belongings.
Do you provide transfer between Budapest city central and Budapest airport?
No. We have long-distance transfers only. We recommend you the official yellow taxi or the 100E shuttle bus in Budapest.
Is it a problem, if the pick-up place is not in Budapest?
Not problem. Accommodation of the driver will be covered always by the company, so not an extra costs for the customers.
Each passenger has an allowance of 1 big suitcase and 1 hand luggage without any weight limit. We don't charge extra large luggage, if notified to us in advance when making your reservation. It is your responsibilty to let us know well in advance.
We have a modern fleet of vehicles consists of European cars (Volkswagen, Ford, Citroen, Mercedes) and trailers. All vehicles we operate are in very good condition, having service check every 2 weeks. The exact type of vehicle we can give you only 48 hours before the travel day as each vehicle run minimum 150.000 km a year and need a lot of maintenance.
Do drivers speak foreign-languages and how safe are they driving?
Our drivers are not native English speakers, but all of them have at least intermediate knowledge of English, so you can easily communicate with them. They drive safe, not exceeding speed limit.
How can I find my chauffeur?
Our chauffeur is showing you the invoice with your name on it, to recognise the company.
Can I get an estimated price for my trip?
According to our policy we need to know the full travel details in order to check for available vehicles and drivers. Prices depends on the date and travel time of your transfer. If you require an extra sight-seeing stop on the way, the costs will vary depending upon distances and waiting times.
How early do I need to book my private transfer?
We recommend that you book as early as you can, because we can confirm only upon availability, but up to 24 hours before the travel start. Please be aware that for the offer or reservation we need full information about your trip.
Are your prices quoted per person or per vehicle?
Prices are quoted per vehicle.
All our transfers have fixed prices, which cover all taxes, liability insurance, toll fee, parking fee, luggage assistance, transportation by air-conditioned and non-smoking vehicle, costs of fuel and full professional local chauffeur.
How can I book the private transportation?
First you can send only a request online through our website and our team will get in touch with you. It is really important that you provide all necessary details of your travel, so we can double check and send you a tailor made offer. After you agree with all and you send a written confirmation, we definitely make a fix reservation for you. Please note that to send an enquiry means only that we registered you in our system, reconfirmation is obligatory. After that we send you the e-Voucher (Confirmation Voucher by e-mail) which includes the booking details, chauffeur contact details and your reservation number.
What you need from me for the reservation?
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All cancellation needs to be forwarded in written to us. In case of no show or late cancellation we reserve the right to take legal steps and force the contracted amount through the Police and Courts. From your first e-mail we have your IP address, location and other information.
Tipping is regarded as a sign of good service here, if you decide not to tip then no-one will think any less of you. All our drivers expect from you is the fare you were quoted and if you decide to tip, surely they will appreciate it.
Can I take my pet with me when I travel?
We will study your request and carefully assess whether the carriage of your pet is possible or not. Please bear in mind that animals always need to be safely placed in an appropriate animal transport box (except for guide dogs) and can never travel alone.
What happens if my driver is delayed?
By the last 10 years experience we had, it happened maximum 3 times that we were late 10 - 15 minutes. In this case we call you right away, it is not neccessary to ring us. Should the driver be late more than 5 minutes and we did not call you, please call further emergency number, provided on your booking confirmation and our dispatcher will assist you immediately. All our vehicles are installed with a GPS tracking system. We can track our vehicles anytime, anywhere in Europe.
Do you provide cheaper shared shuttle transport between countries?
We don't operate shared transport, furthermore we are not recommending to use this type of service for long-distance travel, because there is no legal company in Central-Eastern Europe for that, so this is dangerous. Official shared shuttle can be offered only at airports on each city and not between countries. You might wish to consider using the train or bus instead.
In case of an excursions how long is the travel time and how long is the real excursion?
The given duration for the excursion means the real timing for excursion (sightseeing, lunch.. etc) starting from the stopping time.
I am travelling with a baby, do you have a seat for it?
This is not a problem, we can provide a baby seat or booster seat free of charge. Please provide information on the number of children and their ages at the time of booking. This is your own responsibility, as we do not know their age.
I am disabled. Can I travel with a wheelchair?
A wheelchair can be transported free of charge, if notified to us in advance when making your reservation.
Is it allowed to smoke, eat and drink in the vehicle?
Sometimes we have more transfers in one day, so it is forbidden to smoke and eat in the vehicle. Only mineral water can be consumed. In case you would like to smoke or eat, please signal to the driver and during a short stoppage, it is possible to do this outside the vehicle.
Can you recommend any other supplier instead of you?
No, in this case we can not help. We do not like to recommend any other company, because in case of any inconvenience we can have a bad reputation, but be careful if the prices are too low to be true.
Can I book a vehicle without driver?
No, because we are not a car hire company.
We have full public liability insurance in the case of accidents. We do, however, recommend that you have a travel insurance policy that is valid for the duration of your trip.
Are your transfers cheaper compared to travel by train, bus or plane?
Travelling long distances in Central-Eastern Europe with private transportation service is much better than train, bus or plane. The most significant benefit is the travel time, which is much shorter compared to the regular bus or train connection. Plus, with bus or train you need time and another form of transport to get to and from your address or hotel to your final destination, so if you travel by train or bus you will also have to add costs for getting to and from the train or station from your hotel. With our door-to-door transport, there are no other stops on the way unless you ask us to do so (for toilet, lunch, sightseeing.. etc). For example, if four person is travelling then the total price is around the same as travelling by bus or train. Generally for larger groups it might be cheaper travelling by private transfer. Last but not least, sometimes there is no direct connection by travelling train or bus and you are forced to wait long hours by changing the vehicles.
We are group of four people and have a lot of luggage. Will they fit into a car?
In case you think the offered vehicle is too small for your luggages, it is better to book a bigger vehicle. This is your own responsibility, as we do not know how many luggages you plan to carry with you. We have experienced that in every country medium and large luggages mean something different.
Do you have other question or do you need an offer? | 2019-04-25T22:33:19 | https://privatetransferbudapest.com/faq.html |
0.999594 | sooner or later, and that's a well known fact! With that said ,, some cars are very likely to malfunctioning than the others, and if you're in the tough situation, you may be left to wonder: should I attempt a DIY auto repair or hire a mechanic? An oil change is a good demonstration of something a novice driver could do, but if you have problems beyond that, acquiring a car mechanic to perform the repairs could be a good idea and here's why: Experience You may have simply no idea what you're doing and you could actually wind up making things worse. Although you may seem like you're a DIY savvy person, you might find yourself causing other parts of your own car to malfunction. Not to mention, you merely have no idea what's actually wrong with your vehicle, unless you carry it apart and hope with all your might you are able to place it together again again. An automobile mechanic has been carrying this out for many years and the man can readily diagnose and repair any problem your automobile might be up against. Right Tools You need the best tools plus a decent workspace to get started on working on auto repair. If you do not happen to have a full garage with equipment and tools devoted to this task, you will have to spend money on the required tools to repair your automobile. Obviously, without prior experience dealing with car repair, you may not know what you ought to purchase, not to mention, you might never start using these tools again. Hiring a professional car mechanic can eliminate the necessity for one to invest money into equipment and tools you're unlikely to make use of again since he will already have everything accessible. Speedy Repairs If you simply have one household car you should employ to reach work with time, you need to ensure your car is fixed without delay. Of course, if you attempt a DIY repair, things may go wrong, and in many cases once they don't, it takes you plenty much more time to acquire your automobile running than if you decide to employ a mechanic. You might have your vehicle away from commission for a couple of days when taking it to a mechanic, but it really sure beats being unable to go to work! Reduce Costs Perhaps one of the most compelling excellent reasons to drop your automobile off for repair with a mechanic's is to save money. You won't have to invest money into tools, equipment, and auto parts you may never need. Along with, while your car or truck has run out of commission, you might need to rent an auto or consider the bus-- costing you more income! Employing a mechanic for auto repair can save you inside the long haul, particularly if you consider that work well done can prolong the lifespan of your respective vehicle. The very next time your automobile provides you with trouble, why not stop at the car mechanic's? | 2019-04-23T17:54:08 | http://mobile.actionyp.com/auto-repair/kingman-fuel-injection-service.php |
0.996841 | Job Purpose: Carry out a range of clerical and administrative tasks and assist with general day-to-day office duties, including dealing incoming / outgoing phone calls and enquiries from customers needing smoke alarms and safety checks. Assisting staff conduct visits to customers homes to execute the Safe and Wellbeing visits - visiting properties throughout Northumberland. Job Context: Resources Staff None.
Finance May be required to process orders, invoices etc. Physical Required to Climb ladder and screw into ceiling to fit smoke alarms, moving boxes of smokes alarms around.
Clients Required to work with internal and external service clients, in particular those with vulnerabilities during home visits. Duties and key result areas: Undertaken individually or as part of a team, these are examples of some of the duties that may be expected to be undertaken by the post holder. The actual duties may vary depending on the requirements of the role. | 2019-04-26T09:37:56 | https://www.northeastjobs.org.uk/Default.aspx?page=jobdetail&module=jobs-userjobdetails&jid=183396 |
0.999791 | How can objects serve as a physical hashtag? This project plays with the idea of having physical shapes that serve as a common ground for an archive of known items in Augmented Reality.
The reason I named it to the Unreliable Toolkit is because these objects ultimately serve no functional purpose ( eg. if it looked like an apple it wouldn't mean you could eat it) and since they are a changing archive, what you get at that moment would be unpredictable. If the concept was pushed further, I think it would be interesting to see how these objects would live if you were to imagine them in a p2p scenario, and what the experience would be if the objects behaved only during a small sliver of time.
Monica and Adam both have their set of tool kits. Monica wants to ' give ' Adam an apple so she sends the data to change Adam's sphere into an apple. But, the sphere in Adams hand is in a cycle morphing between different objects within the same shape, and there is only a small window, effected by constraints like location, time, emotions etc. They can only see the intended message at a very precise moment of alignment.
The objects archive is influenced by your memory of similar shaped objects & environments. Now your toolkit becomes personalized to you and your interaction with the world. Monica remembers a fond day when her niece gave her a balloon. It was red, her favorite color, and she remembers the positivity, warmth, and happiness of this small object. She sends her information to Adam's toolkit. The toolkit picks a shape that fits a memory that will elicit the same emotions that Monica felt, but from Adam's memory archive.
We were then asked to create a physical form that was dictated or inspired by our previous images. My form was intended to be viewed at every rotation. With the black background the lines, shape, and image you focus on and see will change, when the black acrylic inside blends in with the background. I liked the idea of pushing things into and out of focus, with just color and shape, constantly redefining the form even though it never changes.
In exploring different interactions within the AR realm, I used three different action word that my AR experience should aim to achieve as a jumping point.
Thinking about visual illusions, I was attracted to signs of humanity : dim lights, scuffed floors, punctured pin boards, ripped help wanted posters etc. I decided to take those images and blur them out, to begin to visually extrapolate the relationship between the positive and negative space created when objects undergo human presence. It was an interesting exercise that helped me think abstractly about how silhouettes can help hide and reveal information.
I was then inspired by the concept of hashtags -- how one word leads to another, what is considered the most popular hashtag and whether or not those images appeared elsewhere and in combination with what other hashtags.
The final form was a collection of basic 3D shapes that would be scene as a morphing object in AR. In the example I used for the demo, you saw a 3D pentagon in physical form, but when you looked through AR, it was morphing through an archive of similarly shaped fruits. | 2019-04-23T14:42:14 | https://www.soheewoo.com/fruit |
0.999807 | Do I need more or less headroom or width? Less distance between arch anchor points makes a narrower, taller arch; more distance makes a wider, shorter arch.
Will my tent fit, both height and width? This is usually only a problem if you have a *big* dome or one of those cabin tent thingies. One option with cabin tents is to pitch the tent right against one of the quonset openings, which can help avoid a wind tunnel effect.
All PVC is schedule 40. Don't use the thin wall stuff, or it *will* collapse!
7 pieces of 10' long, 1" diameter PVC pipe.
3 pieces of 7" long, 1 1/4" diameter PVC pipe.
6 pieces of 2' long, 1/2" or 3/4" diameter rebar.
3 pieces of 3' long, 2" wide innertube, or a big roll of duct tape.
Drilling hammer or small sledgehammer.
Fabric to cover the frame (20' x 10' for full playa to playa coverage).
A bunch of 6" cable ties.
5 pieces of 10' long, 1" diameter PVC pipe.
2 pieces of 7" long, 1 1/4" diameter PVC pipe.
4 pieces of 2' long, 1/2" or 3/4" diameter rebar.
2 pieces of 3' long, 2" wide innertube, or a big roll of duct tape.
Fabric to cover the frame (20' x 10'/section for full playa to playa coverage).
Some of the materials used here are susceptible to UV deterioration, and the playa itself is very hard on some metals. PVC and cable ties both degrade in UV, and will become brittle over time. The week or so on the playa for Burning Man is not nearly enough time to affect them, though, so storage off the playa is the concern. | 2019-04-18T16:18:49 | http://maxicon.com/Burning_Man/PVC_Structures/quonset_hut_materials.htm |
0.99961 | Improvements to the job market remain "frustratingly slow," Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke told Senators Tuesday, repeating the same language he used a year ago.
NEW YORK (CNNMoney) -- Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke gave senators a rather gloomy outlook for the economy Tuesday.
Europe's debt crisis and fiscal cliff in the United States are threatening the recovery, he told the Senate Banking Committee in his semi-annual report to Congress. Meanwhile, economic growth has probably already slowed, and the unemployment rate is unlikely to fall below 7% for at least another year.
Congress needs to act now to support the economy, he urged.
But instead of focusing on how to put Americans back to work, many senators decided to slam Bernanke on the recent Libor scandal.
The very first question of the hearing was from Senator Tim Johnson. "Can you tell the American people: What did you know, when did you know it, and what did you do about it?," Johnson said, referring to the scandal.
Bernanke defended the New York Fed, which he said investigated the issue and made recommendations. But ultimately, British banking officials are responsible for overseeing Libor.
The testimony is supposed to focus on monetary policy. How will the Fed solve persistently high unemployment? What is the outlook from here?
Bernanke gave few hints about how the Fed will act going forward, but reiterated that he stands ready to act should the economy need an extra boost.
"We've looked at a range of possible tools," Bernanke said. "We are looking for ways to address the weakness in the economy should more action be needed to promote a sustained recovery in the labor market."
He cited many possibilities for stimulus, but noted that all have risks. The Fed could buy more Treasuries or mortgage-backed securities, for example, in a policy popularly known as quantitative easing. That policy is meant to push interest rates even lower than their current historic lows.
Other options could include communicating the Fed's future plans more thoroughly to the public or cutting the interest rate the Fed pays on excess reserves. The Fed currently offers banks a 0.25% rate to keep their extra cash at the central bank. Lowering that rate could get them to put those funds to another use somewhere else in the economy.
Wall Street has been hoping for additional stimulus from the Federal Reserve, and stocks turned lower as Bernanke spoke.
Bernanke said improvement in the job market is likely to remain "frustratingly slow," the same phrase he used a year ago to describe the economy. The Fed's forecast predicts the unemployment rate will still be stuck above 7% or higher at the end of 2014.
Bernanke also noted concerns about economic growth, saying that after a 2.5% gain in gross domestic product for the second half of 2011, growth slowed to less than 2% in the first quarter of 2012, and he pointed to a "still smaller gain in the second quarter."
Independent economists have been slashing their forecasts for economic growth recently given weak hiring, foreign trade and retail sales.
"The U.S. economy has continued to recover, but economic activity appears to have slowed somewhat during the first half of this year," Bernanke said.
But the Fed Chairman had better news on inflation, saying that the lower price of oil has brought inflation down to a manageable level.
Bernanke was mildly positive about the housing sector, saying that new and existing housing sales have been gradually trending upward since last summer.
But he noted the large number of vacant homes remains still elevated, lending standards are tight, and a significant number of households are still "underwater" on their mortgages -- meaning they owe more than their houses are worth.
Bernanke said the most effective way Congress could help support the economy right now would be to address the nation's fiscal challenges in a way that won't harm the recovery.
"In no way am I saying that we shouldn't be making strong efforts to achieve long-term sustainability," Bernanke said. "It would be better to make that plan soon but to have the effects come in more gradually to allow the recovery the air it needs in the short-term." | 2019-04-22T10:01:01 | https://money.cnn.com/2012/07/17/news/economy/bernanke-senate/index.htm?section=money_topstories |
0.999999 | by Charles B. Garlet, Jr.
In his Miscellaneous Writings, (J. J. Miller, Cumberland, MD., 1896, p.195), Jacob Brown, while discussing the Garlitz family, said.
"-------Garlitz, father of Christian, Henry and John, and two sisters, was born in Montgomery county, Md. During, or near the close of the Revolutionary War, he removed with his family westward and located in the southeastern part of Somerset, (then Bedford,) Co. Pa. Here his family grew up, Henry and John remained in Pennsylvania, and Christian stepping over the line into his native State.
"Christian Garlitz I, soon after the American Revolution, moved from Montgomery County, Maryland to what is now Greenville Township, Somerset County, Pa. He settled just north of the Maryland line and was one of the first settlers of that township, then well forested and a fine hunting ground. In the census of 1790 Christy Garlick is listed in Bedford (now Somerset) County with a family of five males and three females. Three of Christians sons were Christian, John, and Henry."
As an aside here, though the distinction may not be important, the 1790 census gives the name as Christly, not Christy.
Those statements raise the question to be answered in this paper: Is Christly Garlick, (named Christian I by Hoye), the true Garlitz progenitor of western Maryland and Pennsylvania? I believe the answer is no.
Christly Garlick, as Hoye says, is documented in the 1790 census for Bedford County, Pennsylvania, which puts him in the right county. He has five males and three females. One of the females is probably, though not necessarily, his wife. The other two females could be the two daughters mentioned by both Brown and Hoye. Except for the head of family the five males, (two more than mentioned in the histories), are all under 16 years old.
From this, and apparently without further research, Hoye concluded that Christly is the earliest Garlitz family settler, and called him Christian I. Many Garlitz researchers since have accepted this conclusion as fact. I will show that it is not so.
On the face of it, the two names are similar; GARLICK/GARLITZ. Still, they are a bit hard to reconcile. Each can be found in a variety of spellings. Garlick, for example is recorded as Garlach, Gerlach, Garlic, Garlough, Gerlough and other versions, while Garlitz is found as Garlets, Garlitts, Gharlitzs, Corlitz, Goerlitz, Gerlits, and Görlitz. The phonetic similarity, you see, is found consistently in the first syllable; never in the last.
Note that neither Christly nor Stephen was on the militia list but Stophel was and neither Stephen nor Stophel was listed in the 1790 census, while Christly was. Later, in the 1800 census, Stephen is listed while Christly and Stophel aren't. And in 1810, Stephen is enumerated in Bedford County, Providence Township. This is the same Township where Stophel appeared on a militia list, and where Stephen and Christopher were found. Providence Township is north and east of Greenville Township where Brown and Hoye put the pioneer Garlitz. In fact, Providence Township is now located in Fulton County, two counties east of Somerset County. We will pursue this question of the township later.
In correspondence with another researcher, the suggestion was made that Christly was a contraction of the given name Christopher. It was also suggested that Stophel was similarly a contraction of Christopher. If that is true, then Steven Garlick, Stophel Garlick, Christopher Garlick, and Christly Garlick are quite possibly one and the same. This theory is supported by the fact that they can all, including Christly as we will see, be placed in the same location and that both Stophel and Christly disappear in later records.
To confirm this suggestion, I consulted an Internet site by Charles F. Kerchner, Jr., that gives "nicknames, akas (also known as), and translations for some baptismal and given names used by 18th Century Pennsylvania Germans."5 In his list, we find the following.
Christ and Christli are often used in place of Christian and Kit, Stoffel and Christopher are substitutes for the German Christoph.
"Christy is normally a nickname for Christian. Stoffel was the nickname for Christopher. Sometimes people who never heard Stoffel read it as Steffan. And I have seen people whose names were Christopher called Christ or Christy or Christly."
This information supports a conclusion that the Christly Garlick listed in the 1790 census and identified by Hoye as the pioneer Garlitz is the same person as the Stephen, Christopher, and Stophel Garlick found in other records. And, because of his location in Providence Township, it also supports the suggestion that this Garlick fellow is not the first Garlitz. The pioneer, you'll recall, was placed by both Brown and Hoye in Greenville Township. Further, the great supply of people named Garlitz still living in that area and across the border into Maryland agrees with that statement.
Those who have searched it know that the 1790 census is not an index. The names are not listed alphabetically. Nor, as is recorded in a note, are the names listed by township. However, an analysis of the names in the listing provides an interesting clue.
Of the thirteen names, counting Christly, eight are Providence Township taxpayers. Probably the others are Providence Township residents as well.
I conclude from this that Christly Garlick is not the pioneer Garlitz Hoye writes about and is not Christian Garlitz I. We must look elsewhere for that pioneer's identity.
I am convinced from this analysis that the first Garlitz to locate in the western parts of Maryland and Pennsylvania is still unknown but is most likely named Hendrey or Henry. Which of the two listed in the census remains to be seen.
1 Pennsylvania Archives, Series 6, Volume III, part 1, p. 30.
2 Pennsylvania Archives, Series 3, Volume 25, page 520. "Warranties of Land, Bedford County."
3 United States Direct Tax of 1798 for Fulton Co., PA, Vol. 7 (McConnellsburg, Pennsylvania: Fulton County Historical Society, Inc., 1985) p.88.
41808 Triennial Tax Assessment, Bedford County, PA, Providence, Twp. Vol. 12 (McConnellsburg, Pennsylvania: Fulton County Historical Society, Inc., 1990) p. 116.
5 "18th Century PA German Nicknames" by Charles F. Kerchner. 21 September 1995, (updated 13 May 2000). Available at (www.kerchner.com/nickname.htm).
6 Letter to the author from Rev. Frederick S. Weiser dated 17 October 2000.
7 Christly Garlick appears on page 20.
8 Albert Edwards, An Every-name Index for U.S. Direct Tax of 1798 for Fulton County, PA (Box 586, Kalaheo, HI 96741: 1992).
9Tax List in Year 1796, Salisbury Centennial Souvenir Book (Salisbury, Pennsylvania: Salisbury Centennial Corporation, 1962) p 28. | 2019-04-19T22:58:59 | http://www.pagenweb.org/~somerset/bios/garlitz_new.htm |
0.837264 | After England secured a series win in Sri Lanka, Joe Root was in an understandably bullish mood as he stated his desire to make his side the best in the world.
By completing a whitewash of Sri Lanka, they rose to No 2 in the ICC rankings and there was optimism that Root's goal could be achieved sooner rather than later.
However, fast-forward a couple of months and England are preparing for the third Test against Windies having already lost the series and slipped to fifth in the rankings, behind an Australia side shorn of its two star batsmen for the past 11 months; even a win in St Lucia wouldn't be enough to overhaul their Ashes foes.
What has gone wrong in the Caribbean is no secret, nor is it a new problem. Root aside, England lack top-order batsmen of the required quality for Test cricket.
Some argue the side is made up of too many all-rounders and not enough specialists - batsmen or bowlers. The solution therefore is to simply pick the best five batsmen, an all-rounder, a wicketkeeper and the best four bowlers for the surface.
That back-to-basics approach may be what is needed but those calling for it should be prepared for that line-up to look eerily similar to the team outplayed by the Windies in Antigua because while few would argue that Jonny Bairstow, Ben Stokes and Jos Buttler are best-suited to batting at No 6 in Test cricket, the two not given that slot are almost certainly among England's best five batsmen.
You can include Stokes as the all-rounder at six with Bairstow at seven and keeping wicket but without those two on the list, Buttler's case for being among England's best five batsmen is only strengthened - after all he's scored a century and six fifties since his Test recall last May.
Root then takes his favoured place at No 4 and suddenly you're left with the same dilemma that has been facing England for some time - trying to find a top three capable of scoring runs consistently at the highest level.
Twelve batsmen have been handed debuts since 2015 and only Haseeb Hameed (43.80), who's form has disintegrated since a broken hand cut short his spell at the top of the order after three Tests, averages more than 30.
The need for an opener to partner Alastair Cook was often viewed as the most pressing issue and following his retirement the problem has doubled - although Rory Burns has shown some promise early in his Test career.
Finding a No 3 or 4, depending on where Root has batted in any given series, has been equally problematic though, which is why Bairstow has now been shunted up the order with the gloves handed to Ben Foakes, who has subsequently added his name to an ever-growing list of players capable of doing a more than reasonable job in the lower-middle-order. Also see: Moeen Ali and Sam Curran.
Of all the names mentioned though, and there is no doubt that these are some very talented players, only Root has the numbers to have threatened the places of the top seven that last took England to the top of the Test rankings.
That Cook, Andrew Strauss, Jonathan Trott, Kevin Pietersen, Paul Collingwood, Ian Bell and Matt Prior all averaged over 40 in Test cricket was largely taken for granted, when the reality is that England were incredibly fortunate to have seven batsmen of that calibre available to them at the same time - and not only for a couple of series but for a number of years.
Root's average has dipped below 50 after two disappointing Tests in the West Indies but it remains higher than any of the 2010/11 Ashes-winning seven. The problem for England is that none of the other seven players to have batted in the top seven in the Caribbean average above 38 and only Bairstow (37.29) averages 35 or above - Foakes averages 41.50 in his 10 Test innings but has batted at eight against the Windies.
Options to replace those currently in possession of the shirt are decidedly thin on the ground. There are no candidates from the County Championship whose form gives the selectors no option but to pick them - Burns was the last and he currently averages a shade over 26 after five Tests.
Somerset fans have been screaming for James Hildreth to be given a chance for some time but at 34, his chance appears to have gone. Recalling Bell is another popular shout but while he topped the Division Two averages last summer, hitting five hundreds, it should be remembered that in his last season in the top flight, he averaged only 25.91, and he will be 37 by the time the first Ashes Test comes around in August.
As good as he was for so many years in an England shirt, and as much as there appears to be shortage of high-quality young batsmen suited to red-ball cricket, England are even less likely to find a long-term replacement for Bell if they ignore those that have shown potential in favour of seeing a couple more cover drives - elegant as they are - in Test cricket from the man himself.
"This is not a great England batting line-up. England haven't won previous series because of their batting line-up, they've won despite it," Nasser Hussain said after the defeat in Antigua.
"Quite simply, our batting has been poor," added Trevor Bayliss.
The reasons why we have reached this stage can and will continue to be debated - county schedules, the influence of white-ball cricket and so on - but the harsh truth is that it is some time since England had a genuinely high-quality batting line-up in Test cricket and there is no one quick fix that will change that.
The next Cook, Strauss, Trott, Pietersen, Collingwood, Bell or Prior may just be about to emerge but until they do, those in the squad are the best we've got and it is their misfortune that they have come so soon after the best top seven England have had in generations.
That they have performed well below their capabilities in the West Indies is clear but anyone expecting the current top-order to morph into the team of 2011 may have a long wait on their hands.
Watch the third Test between Windies and England live on Sky Sports Cricket from 1.30pm on Saturday. You can also follow over-by-over commentary and in-play clips on our rolling blog on skysports.com and the Sky Sports app. | 2019-04-19T05:10:52 | https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/12173/11628649/englands-batsmen-continue-to-under-perform-but-there-is-no-quick-fix-and-few-alternatives |
0.99893 | The final phase of a criminal case, absent an appeal, is sentencing. It is during the sentencing phase that the judge decides what a convicted criminal's sentence will be for the crimes that were committed. There are both objective and subjective factors that come into play during sentencing, making it one of the most important and controversial stages of any criminal case.
A criminal sentence most often includes a fine, incarceration or probation or any combination of these three types of punishments. The judge must consider several different things when determining the sentence. First, the judge must consider the sentencing guidelines for that particular crime in that particular jurisdiction. The sentencing guidelines take into account the particular crime committed and the defendant's criminal history. This is to ensure that an individual who is convicted of murder and who has a prior criminal history of violent crimes receives a harsher sentence then a first time convicted criminal who is found guilty of tax evasion. Second, in some jurisdictions, judges may also take into account special circumstances and the testimony of character witnesses when deciding a criminal's sentence.
If a criminal is convicted of multiple crimes during the same trial then the judge must decide if the sentences for each crime will be served consecutively or concurrently. For example, if a defendant is convicted of a home invasion and an armed robbery in the same trial and is sentenced to 10 years for each offense, then the judge must decide if the defendant will serve both sentences at the same time for a total of 10 years in prison or serve each sentence separately for a total of 20 years in prison.
Sentencing criminals serves several important functions. Sentences are meant to deter future criminals, punish and rehabilitate convicted criminals and protect society from convicted criminals.
Some scholars argue that in order for criminal sentences to have the desired deterrent effect on future criminals, that the sentences imposed must be consistent so that would be criminals understand the likely consequences of any criminal conduct.
Each individual sentence is most applicable to the defendant who must serve the sentence. Sentences are designed to both punish and rehabilitate the criminal so that the criminal pays his or her debt to society and learns not to repeat the same mistake. The effectiveness of the American system of criminal punishments on the rehabilitation of criminals is often debated. Of course, the other benefit to criminal sentences is to protect society against a person who has been convicted of a crime.
In 2004, state and federal courts convicted over 1 million adults of crimes with the vast majority of those being convicted in state court. The state courts sentenced over 70% of those convicted to time in jail or prison. Another 28% of those convicted received probation.
Therefore, sentencing is an important topic for both those who have been convicted and the people who live in their communities.
This article is intended to be helpful and informative. But even common legal matters can become complex and stressful. A qualified sentencing and sanctions lawyer can address your particular legal needs, explain the law, and represent you in court. Take the first step now and contact a local sentencing and sanctions attorney to discuss your specific legal situation. | 2019-04-19T01:11:50 | https://resources.lawinfo.com/criminal-defense/criminal-procedure/sentencing-and-sanctions/ |
0.99999 | How and when to mention negative conditions or complaints in a resignation letter.
Bringing up a complaint in a resignation letter is tricky. On the one hand, it can be important for your (former) employers to know why you're leaving if it can help them make their company better or safer. On the other hand, a vindictive former employer can use your own words against you and make it difficult to find work elsewhere. As such, it is best to be polite and brief, but to include negative feedback when the risk is worth it.
When deciding whether or not to include negative feedback in a resignation letter, one thing to consider is your own future circumstances. If you will not need your former employer as a reference (you have another job lined up, you're retiring, etc.), negativity won't be such a potential danger. If you're relying on your former employer to put in a good word for your next application, use caution. Even saying something as innocuous as "I have enjoyed my time here but need to find work that causes me less stress" could be used to argue that you don't have stamina, that you're unsuited for certain positions, or that you can't tough out difficulties in your field.
Another question is how much you like and trust your boss. If you feel like your employer will be understanding, sympathetic, and open to criticism, the resignation letter can be a conduit toward productive feedback. Many employers want to hear the truth, and may be less inclined to give you a good reference if they feel like you quit for no reason. If that's the case, however, it's still best to air the grievance during an exit interview. A resignation letter often goes in your file, and you don't know how it will be used after that.
Finally, one of the most important questions to consider is whether including negativity in your resignation will have a positive impact. Bringing up hazardous work environments, low pay, long commutes, harassment, or overwork might not put you in your employer's good graces-but it might spark change within the company, especially if they have a high turnover rate. Giving feedback that the environment is driving employees away may help them identify the problems and work toward fixing them.
Additional note: While it is possible that airing a grievance in a resignation letter will convince your boss to fix it (or give you a raise, or give you a promotion) in an effort to keep you with them, it's a risky move. It's better to bring up the grievance with your supervisor (or HR) before you decide to resign. If they do nothing, and you feel you can't work in those negative circumstances, feel free to bring it up in your resignation letter as a final ploy. However, chances are good that they'll just let you leave, so be prepared to follow through with your resignation. | 2019-04-24T20:39:23 | https://www.resignationletters.biz/preview/Negative_Resignation_Letters |
0.999531 | Based on discussion in court, self-representation would work this way: Bin Attash could call himself the lead lawyer, but he would be assigned a court-approved, American standby counsel with a security clearance to handle the secret parts, if the captive allows the standby counsel to do it.
Defense attorneys call it a scheme, derived from the federal courts’ handling of cases involving classified information, that denies a defendant’s constitutional right to see the evidence against him. The prosecutor, Army Brig. Gen. Mark Martins, has said that while the case involves pretrial discovery the defendants cannot see, he intends to hold an open trial.
Attorney Jay Connell, defending Mohammed’s nephew, Ammar al Baluchi, recited a long list of prison conditions at Guantánamo’s secret Camp 7 that would challenge a captive’s ability to mount a competent trial defense — no privacy, no access to a law library, no Internet, guards going through privileged legal materials and a policy that defines historical material on the war on terrorism as forbidden contraband.
Attorney Cheryl Bormann said in court on Tuesday that included Bin Attash’s inability to get a guard to turn down the air conditioning on Monday in his cell at the war court compound, Camp Justice. The Yemeni’s cell was so cold, according to Bormann, Bin Attash suffered from hypothermia, recalling his CIA torture. The remark went unchallenged except by the judge who said that the military sometimes has trouble with temperature controls.
The prison, for its part, declined on Tuesday to respond to the description of conditions — or explain why it offers no rehabilitation program.
Bin Attash and the four others are accused of orchestrating, financing and training the men who hijacked four aircraft and killed nearly 3,000 people at the World Trade Center, Pentagon and a Pennsylvania field on Sept. 11, 2001. The prosecutor is seeking their execution if they are convicted.
All five men were held for three or four years in secret CIA prisons, called “Black Sites” — with no access to attorneys or the International Red Cross — until President George W. Bush ordered them brought to this remote U.S. Navy base in 2006 for trial. A Senate Intelligence Committee investigation of the Black Sites shows agents used manipulation of room temperature as well as cold water dousing, coupled with sleep deprivation, to enhance their interrogations.
For these hearings, the office of the prosecutor brought nine people to the court this week to observe as victims of the Sept. 11 attacks or the family of victims. | 2019-04-20T02:24:50 | https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/guantanamo/article40482276.html |
0.999947 | Why was Thomas Jefferson famous?
Thomas Jefferson was famous as the third President of the United States of America and as the Author of the Declaration of Independence and for his negotiation of the Louisiana Purchase with France which doubled the size of the United States. The next US President was James Madison.
1743 Born on April 13, 1743 in Albermarle County, Virginia.
1775–83 The American Revolution, the American War of Independence, led by George Washington was fought between Great Britain and thirteen British colonies in North America, and ended in a global war between several European great powers.
1817 - 1818 The First Seminole War when American slave owners travelled to Spanish Florida in search of runaway African slaves and Seminole Indians who had been trading weapons with the British in the War of 1812.
1826 Thomas Jefferson died of natural causes, most likely dehydration resulting from dysentery, at the age of 84. His death occurred on July 4, 1826 in Monticello in Virginia and was buried at the family estate in Charlottesville.
American History Timelines provide fast facts and information about the life famous people in American history, such as the President Thomas Jefferson Timeline, who precipitated a significant change in World and American history. The life of this major historical figure is arranged by chronological, or date order, providing an actual sequence of past events which were significant to this famous figure in American history as detailed on the Thomas Jefferson Timeline, the third President of the United States. The lives of many historical people and figures, such as the life biography detailed in the Thomas Jefferson timeline, occurred during times of crisis or evolution or change. The Thomas Jefferson timeline describes famous, critical and major incidents in the dated biography of the life of this US President. The Thomas Jefferson timeline provides fast information via a timeline which highlights the key dates of major historical significance in a fast information format. Specific information can be seen at a glance with concise and accurate details of the life and biography of President Thomas Jefferson. The American History timelines include timelines and chronologies of many important people including the Thomas Jefferson timeline, the third President of the United States. | 2019-04-19T19:17:33 | http://www.datesandevents.org/american-timelines/thomas-jefferson-timeline.htm |
0.999998 | Truesdail has in place all of the equipment required in your for a robust and comprehensive drug testing program. We have multiple units on line of liquid-liquid extractions and solid-phase extractions (SPE) of samples. We also have multiple units of the major capital equipment items you require. Summarized below are the major instrumentation we have in-house.
This system is equipped with a high efficiency UHPLC Exion LC system rated for 660 bars. Sample handling for the UHPLC is done with a PAL Liquid Injection System with a LC-MS wash module and three drawer thermostated stack that provides high sample capacity, high throughput and low carryover.
The mass spectrometer is equipped with a probe that can be easily switched between APCI and ESI ionization. Rapid switching between positive and negative polarity is possible during a run to optimize sensitivity when a variety of molecules are present.
Instrument operation and data collection is done with the latest version of Thermo’s XcaliburTM software. The UHPLC portion of this system is part of a Thermo Transcend II LX-4 multiplexing system.
The Transcend II LX-4 system allows four HPLC systems to be connected to one detection system to optimize sample throughput. Up to four separate methods can be run simultaneously on independent LC channels. When fully optimized, the LX-4 has the potential to achieve the throughput of four separate LC/MS systems with only a single MS detector.
The benefits of multiplexing does not reduce data quality. The operation of each multiplexed LC system is staggered and parallel. The mass spectrometer is dedicated solely to a single sample stream during the critical elution step. This maintains sensitivity and data quality for all channels.
The Transcend II system is controlled by Thermo’s AriaTM Operations software.
Do structure elucidation using “All Ion Fragmentation”.
Resolve complex samples with up to 100,000 resolutions.
The mass spectrometer is equipped with a probe that is easily switched between APCI and ESI ionization. The instrument also allows rapid switching between positive and negative polarity during a run to optimize sensitivity when a variety of molecules are present.
The LC/MS system includes a Thermo Accela UHPLC front end capable of using microbore columns operating at up to 600-bar pressure. Automation of sample analysis is done with a CTC PAL thermostated auto-sampler with UHPLC injector. Instrument operation and data collection are accomplished with the latest version of Thermo’s XcaliburTM software.
Approximately 18 months after bringing the Exactive into full-time screening mode, Truesdail upgraded the Exactive System by adding multiplexing capability. Multiplexing basically allows multiple HPLC’s to feed into one MS detector. Presently, our system is using two HPLC’s to increase the sample throughput although the system we purchased will allow up to four HPLC’s.
This novel technique takes advantage of the time an MS typically spends idle while columns are flushed and/or equilibrated by time-staggering the LC methods so that the compounds being sought elute in succession. The MS is still dedicated to the portion of the LC run where compounds elute so the data quality remains the same.
We estimate that by multiplexing we can screen 30% to 40% more samples in a given timeframe. Since we often test multi-days of race samples from one shipment, the ability to get a larger number done in a shorter timeframe helps us significantly with meeting our clients’ turnaround time requirements.
This system is equipped with a Shimadzu 20AD HPLC system that has 3 pumps for complex gradients, column temperature controller, and an additional UV detector.
Sample handling for the HPLC is done with a CTC HTS-PAL thermostated auto-sampler, which has the capability of holding up to 400 vials.
The Agilent 7890A/5975C Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer is equipped with a 7693A automatic liquid sampler, a large-volume injector, and an APEX ProSep Series 7 large-volume inlet. The large-volume injector allows for an increase in the sample volume to be injected into the instrument, thus attaining an increase in sensitivity for the majority of compounds. The use of this large-volume injector was first applied at the University of California, Davis, to improve their sensitivity for direct instrumental screening. This injector coupled with the latest Agilent GC/MS model provides exceptionally sensitive testing. Extracted samples are dried in vials that the autosampler dispenses derivatizing reagents directly into. It then injects the sample. Derivatization of the sample occurs directly on the ProSep inlet. The system is controlled by Chem Station software. The libraries on the system are NIST, AORC, and Truesdail.
Agilent 1200 Series HPLC System with binary pumping system, multi-wavelength UV/Visible Detector, high performance vial and microwell auto-sampler, thermostated column oven, micro vacuum degasser, and Chem Station data acquisition software.
A Shimadzu 10A system including: two LC-10AT pumps, SCL-10AVP controller, and SIL-10ADVP auto-injector. The system has a SPD-10AVP UV-Vis detector and a SPD-M10AVP diode array detector.
One Shimadzu LC-6A High Performance Liquid Chromatograph pumps with SPD-M10A Photo Diode Array detector, SIL 9-A Auto Injector, and Class-VP Chromatography Data System. HPLC photo diode array detector and data system.
Bio-Tek EL808 Microplate Reader with Bio-TekGen5 data collection and analysis software.
Bio-Tek EL312 ELISA Microplate Reader with computer data system.
Bio-Tek EL311 ELISA Microplate Reader with computer data system.
DPC Mark V Robotic Pipettor for ELISA sample-handling with computer data system.
Perkin Elmer Multi-probe II Plus robotic Pipettor for ELISA sample handling with computer data system.
Packard MultiProbe 104DT pipetting system (for ELISA sample handling) with computer data system.
This benchtop ICP/MS system features full computer control and auto tuning. It features the octopole reaction system which provided optimum removal of interferences and thus, excellent sensitivity. The P.C. controlled system has Agilent’s “Mass Hunter” software for data processing and report generation. The unit is configured with Agilent’s X500 Autosampler. This unit provided space for up to 360 samples. | 2019-04-24T23:58:20 | https://www.truesdail.com/drug-testing-laboratory-equipment/ |
0.999983 | When shopping for your project, it is important to know how much material will be needed. The most effective way to determine the needed quantity is to properly measure the area of the home where you will place the vinyl siding.
It is important to measure properly entered to save you money and, more importantly, save you time. Below, you will find a comprehensive article detailing the most effect is way to properly measure your home for vinyl siding.
Do the following to estimate the siding and materials you will need. Square footage will simply be referred to as SF.
1. Find the home's Main SF. Take measurements in feet of the perimeter (P) of your house. Find the measurement from the eaves to the bottom of the siding (EH). By multiplying this height by the perimeter, you will find the house's main SF: P x EH = Main SF.
2. Find the Gable SF by measuring the gable height (GH) and gable wall width (GW) at the eaves. By multiplying the gable height and gable width, then dividing by two, you will have each gable's SF: (GW x GH) / 2 = Gable SF (of each gable).
3. Find the Gross SF by adding the square footage for all the gables and the main SF: (Sum of all Gable SF) + Main SF = Gross SF.
4. Find the square footage of major openings (such as large windows, patio doors, and garage doors) by multiplying the height of each opening (OH) and the width of each opening (OW): OH x OW = Opening SF (of each opening).
5. Find the Net SF. The net SF will be the gross square footage minus the square footage of major openings: Gross SF - (Sum of SF of all Openings) = Net SF.
6. Find the number of squares of siding needed by dividing the net SF by 100: Net SF / 100 = # of squares needed.
7. Find the number of outside and inside corners. First, count the outside corners and measure the length of each corner. To determine the number of outside corners you will need, add together the lengths of the corners and divide by 10: (Sum of all outside corner lengths) / 10 = # of outside corners needed.
To determine the number of inside corners needed, repeat the steps for the inside corners: (Sum of all inside corner lengths) / 10 = # of inside corners needed.
8. Find the number of lengths needed, which is the perimeter divided by the length of the starter strip: P / length of starter strip = number of lengths needed.
9. Determine the lengths needed by first measuring all the gable slope lengths and the perimeter around all doors and windows. The number of lengths needed is the total of linear feet divided by the length of each J-channel: (Sum of door & window perimeters) / length of each J-channel = # of lengths needed.
10. To find the number of lengths needed, take measurements of all window widths and all eaves lengths, then divide these numbers by the length of each utility trim.
Use our project tool to calculate the cost of your vinyl siding project. | 2019-04-22T00:39:49 | http://www.vinylsidingoptions.com/project-tools/how-to-measure-vinyl-siding/ |
0.999789 | St. John’s Wort is backed by centuries & centuries of positive anecdotal & scientific research, seeping its roots deep into the collective Western human experience for its reliable, well-documented antidepressant benefits & mood-balancing support.
So is a Nootropic Geek review really all that necessary?
You’re damn right it’s necessary: Judgment Day has cometh for our dear Hypericum.
Although, let me be frank: I’ve used & enjoyed this herb for years now, particularly during the short, dark days of winter. I praise it for its antidepressant effects. But does that automatically qualify the plant as a cognitive enhancing nootropic?
TL/DNR: St. John’s Wort, or Hypericum perforatum, is one of the world’s most popular herbs for naturally treating depression, recreationally used for its mood boosts. While the exact biomechanisms of SJW remain largely unknown, researchers have essentially pinned the plant down as a serotonergic supporter, a prime reason why you shouldn’t mix this potent herb with pharmaceutical grade antidepressants.
Is St. John’s Wort a Good Nootropic?
To immediately address your first question: Yes, it’s St. John the Baptist.
In ye later olden days, the modern psychological concept of depressive disorder was viewed as a form of possession, a “disease of the soul.” Swiss philosopher, physician, & botanist Paracelsus recommended St. John’s Wort for “healing of the soul” — a prescription for phantasmata, i.e. psychoses & hallucinations.
On that note, frankly, who cares how St. John’s Wort reviews as a nootropic.
This plant SAVES YOUR SOUL.
What am I going to review next? Holy Water???
Stay tuned for my next review.
The first theorized St. John’s Wort biomechanism: SJW inhibits beta adrenergic receptors in the brain, consequently reducing the reuptake of neurotransmitter norepinephrine.
Wow! …What does that mean?
Norepinephrine co-facilitates the stressful “fight-or-flight” effects in the brain, a useful function whilst fighting or flighting but not so much while doing essentially anything else, i.e. studying, reading… quietly existing. Excess norepinephrine activity disrupts normal neuron-to-neuron signalling, limiting the neural pathways underlying basic cognitive functions. By inhibiting the beta adrenergic receptors, reducing norepinephrine reuptake, SJW sustains neural signalling & functionality.
One rat study found 300 mg hypericum extract (0.3% hypericin, 4.1% hyperforin) to increase extracellular dopamine levels by 40% in the prefrontal cortex after only 1 hour following administration. A similar reduction in DOPAC and HVA acidic metabolites seemed to suggest that the dopamine increase was a result in SJW extract inhibiting dopamine conversion. Hyperforin extract and, to a greater degree, pure hyperforin strongly inhibit the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in longer dopamine activity in the brain.
Some sources recommend St. John’s Wort for ADHD, although this claim is currently unsubstantiated, with one study finding no significant improvement with SJW supplementation (see below). Rather, SJW provides a seemingly safer alternative to pharmaceutical antidepressants with regards to moderate mood & depressive disorders — perhaps major depressive symptoms, pending a physician’s recommendation.
Any quote-unquote “nootropic” enhancements on cognition (i.e. focus, memory) only come secondary to St. John’s Wort’s mood improvement benefits.
In this randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 54 children aged 6-17 with ADHD diagnoses were administered either 300 mg SJW or placebo three times daily for 8 weeks, while other ADHD medications were not allowed. The ADHD Rating Scale-IV & Clinical Global Impression scales for Improvement and Severity measured changes in ADHD behavior, ultimately demonstrating no significant difference between the groups on any measure. In their conclusion, the researchers ended the report with: “use of Hypericum perforatum for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder over the course of eight weeks did not improve symptoms.” More on ADHD Nootropics.
Standard SJW dosage recommendation is 900 mg daily, split into 3 servings.
SJW extract std. to 0.3 – 5% hypericin dosage recommendation is 300 mg.
Take Note: Due to St. John’s Wort potent serotonergic bio-effects, mixing SJW with pharmaceutical antidepressants is almost universally recommended against. The combination of pharmaceutical serotonergic support and SJW’s inhibitory action may lead to dangerously active levels of serotonin, a life-threatening status known as Serotonin Syndrome. Speak with a physician before stacking SJW with other drugs.
As a self-diagnosed Seasonal Affective Disorder sufferer (it’s actually not that bad, nor am I qualified for legitimate self-diagnosis), I occasionally dabble in the Hypericum during winter-time to introduce a little saintly sunlight into my frosted, sublunary existence.
My preferred form of SJW: Plain powder stirred into tea.
A scoop of St. John’s Wort powder, consumed intermittently, usually 3 times daily if I’m particularly down in the dumps, which, again, tends to be the case during winter-time.
Not “high” in any druggy sense of the word but a noticeable mood-lift that was initially jarring. Although, occasionally I felt (or noticed) nothing, leading me to think my self-diagnosis was off: That I’m not truly depressed by any clinical definition. That the mood-lifts were circumstantially based on temporary states of general dysphoria.
Even so, I qualify the plain powder SJW experience as positive, reliably peaking for me around the January-February calendar mark.
Yes — St. John’s Wort may help your cognition.
Although, biomechanically speaking, St. John’s Wort isn’t a true cognitive booster nootropic, at least not directly. With that in mind, I don’t necessarily qualify it as a bona fide nootropic, let alone a good nootropic.
My recommendation for new SJW users: Try 300 mg SJW extract std. to < 0.5% hypericin, 3 times daily for a total of 900 mg daily. If you’re a prude like me, start with the powder then amp it up as needed. | 2019-04-20T16:58:54 | http://nootropicgeek.com/st-johns-wort-review/ |
0.995354 | The walk-in refrigerator is the major cold storage area in a food service establishment. The temperature of a walk-in refrigerator must be sufficient to adequately hold the food temperature at 41 degrees Fahrenheit or below. The temperature of a walk-in refrigerator is usually colder than 41 degrees Fahrenheit. to compensate the opening and closing of doors and demands of adding additional foods for storage and cooling.
Foods need to be stored to prevent contamination. All cooked foods and foods that will receive no further cooking should be stored above other foods. Foods need to be stored to allow enough space for air to circulate around them. | 2019-04-22T19:03:36 | https://co.jefferson.wa.us/609/Walk-In-Refrigerator-Temperature |
0.998249 | An important aspect to consider that is often overlooked when renting a crane is the drop-off and pick-up process. It's especially helpful to know just how long the crane will be around before and after you actually need it if you don't have a lot of spare room at the project site.
Even if you do have some storage space available, having to house the crane longer than expected can make completing other aspects of your project inconvenient. So ask each potential service provider you consult with about their drop-off and pick-up policies. Will the crane be delivered on the day you'll actually need it, or will it show up several days beforehand? The same question should be asked about pickup after you're done using the crane.
It's also important to find out how the crane and accompanying equipment will be managed while it's at your project site. You should have a complete understanding of who is expected to ensure the equipment's safety both during business hours and throughout the night. Will there be an employee assigned to stay on-site and oversee the care of the equipment, or will you have to appoint someone to do it?
Is there special care that has to be taken when cleaning up the equipment for the night or when preparing it for the next day's work? Ask each service provider you consider hiring to provide you with a complete list of management responsibilities you'll be charged with while the crane is in your care.
Don't assume that you'll automatically get the protection that you want for your project site and employees when renting a crane. While most companies provide basic coverage in case something goes wrong due to neglect or mistakes on their part, insurance coverage for accidents or injuries that occur due to mistakes on your company's part may not be included automatically.
However, some companies offer the opportunity to purchase extra insurance coverage that will protect the crane, your project site, and your employees in case of accidents, no matter who is technically at fault. When meeting with potential service providers, find out how accidents are handled and obtain an exhaustive list of all insurance options available so you can compare your options side-by-side.
You should also consider the experience that each service provider's team members have before choosing which company to rent a crane from. Some companies hire employees direct based on experience and credentials. But others make use of temporary labor agencies to hire workers with various backgrounds and experience levels, which means you won't know how qualified the guy is who delivers, manages, and picks up the crane you rent.
So it's a good idea to make sure that any service provider you consider renting crane equipment from knows exactly who you'll be working with throughout the rental period. They should be able to provide you with a breakdown of their experience and credentials.
Many construction equipment rental companies have partnerships with other types of service providers within the industry, and they may be able to offer you discounts for working with their partners. You may be able to score discounts for things like concrete or painting services through the rental company you choose to work with. Ask about service discounts during each consultation so you know what all your options are ahead of time and you can plan additional projects for your site accordingly.
Making these considerations should help ensure that all of your project needs are met while renting that crane you need. For more information on crane rental, contact a company like A C Jones Trucking Inc. | 2019-04-18T12:16:14 | http://oh-4510.com/2016/08/18/5-things-to-consider-when-choosing-a-company-to-rent-a-crane-from/ |
0.999926 | This article is about the 52d Fighter Wing activated in 1948. For the New York Air National Guard unit, see 52d Fighter Wing (Air National Guard).
The 52d Fighter Wing (52 FW) is a wing of the United States Air Force stationed at Spangdahlem Air Base, Germany. It was activated in 1948, but derives significant elements of its history from the predecessor Second World War 52d Fighter Group, which is now the 52d Operations Group, subordinate to the wing.
The 52 FW maintains, deploys and employs F-16CJ aircraft systems in support of NATO and the national defense directives. The wing supports the United States Air Forces in Europe - Air Forces Africa (USAFE-AFAFRICA), Supreme Allied Commander Europe with mission-ready personnel and systems providing expeditionary air power for suppression of enemy air defenses, close air support, air interdiction, counter-air, strategic attack, and combat search and rescue. The wing also supports contingencies and operations other than war as required.
The wing conducts operations at Spangdahlem Air Base, Germany, one of 16 major operating locations in USAFE. The wing is authorized for about 5,560 active-duty members and about 210 Department of Defense civilians. The wing is organized with four groups responsible for operations, maintenance, mission support and medical operations, and has headquarters staff.
In concert with USAFE wings at Ramstein Air Base, Germany, the 52d Fighter Wing directly supports the strategic mobility mission once conducted at Rhein-Main Air Base, Germany. The wing provides logistics support for C-17 Globemaster III and C-5 Galaxy aircraft, crew, passengers and cargo to sustain air mobility operations throughout Europe, Africa and Southwest Asia.
The 52d Fighter Wing also supports USAFE's Joint Fires Center of Excellence, whose mission is to conduct joint and combined training focused on the effective integration and application of tactical fires.
For World War II lineage and history, see 52d Operations Group.
2d Fighter-Interceptor Squadron McDonnell F-101B-100-MC Voodoo Suffolk County Air Force Base, New York, 1965 firing an MB-1 Genie air-to-air missile.
Established as the 52d Fighter Wing, All Weather, on 10 May 1948, the wing served in the United States as an air defense unit in the northeastern United States from 1947 until the end of 1968.
The 52d was reactivated on 18 August 1955 and designated 52d Fighter Group (Air Defense). It was assigned to Air Defense Command and equipped with F-86 Sabre aircraft. It served once more as an air defense unit in the southeastern United States.
In December 1971, it became the host wing at Spangdahlem Air Base, Germany, and inherited tactical squadrons from the 36th Tactical Fighter Wing at nearby Bitburg Air Base. The wing participated in numerous tactical exercises, operations, and tests of USAFE and NATO and provided close air support, interdiction, and base defense operations. It operated with other NATO forces in frequent "squadron exchange" programs and hosted US-based units on temporary duty in Europe. In January 1973, a Wild Weasel defense suppression mission was added. After October 1985, using the F-4 Phantom II model aircraft, defense suppression became the wing's sole tactical mission. In 1987, the 52d acquired F-16 Falcons and became the first wing to integrate F-16Cs with F-4Gs to form hunter/killer teams within individual fighter squadrons.
It deployed aircraft and personnel to strategic locations in Saudi Arabia and Turkey in support of the liberation of Kuwait from September 1990 – March 1993. Near the end of 1992, it began receiving A-10 Thunderbolt II aircraft. It received F-15 Eagles in 1994 but lost its F-4Gs. In January and December 1999, the wing supported Operations Northern Watch, Allied Force, and Decisive Forge with numerous deployments to Italy and Turkey.
Following the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and The Pentagon in the United States on September 11, 2001, the 52d Fighter Wing began preparations for possible combat tasking.
Within one month the wing had deployed people and equipment in support of Operation Enduring Freedom in and around Afghanistan. The 22d Expeditionary Fighter Squadron began flying operations at a deployed location in support of the war on terrorism within 100 hours of tasking notification.
Personnel assigned to the 52d FW continue to deploy in support of Operation Enduring Freedom today.
In April 2010 the wing's strength was reduced by one third. Twenty F-16Cs were flown to the 148th Fighter Wing, Minnesota Air National Guard, one F-16 was transferred to Edwards Air Force Base, California. All aircraft were from the 22d Fighter Squadron. As a result of the drawdown of F-16s, the 22d and 23d Fighter Squadrons were inactivated on 13 August 2010 and formed a single "new" squadron, the 480th Fighter Squadron.
On 18 June 2013, the 81st Fighter Squadron was inactivated at Spangdahlem Air Force Base in Germany. The inactivation marked the end of A-10 operations in Europe at that time.
In December 2014, the wing commander, Col. Peter Bilodeau, who had commanded the wing for six months, was relieved of his command for "a loss of faith and confidence in his leadership." His deputy served as commander until Col. McFall took command.
On 1 April 2017, the 606th Air Control Squadron, Detachment 1 was inactivated at Spangdahlem Air Base in Germany following the relocation to Aviano Air Base, Italy.
Inactivated on 6 February 1952, personnel and subordinate units assigned to 4709th Air Defense Wing.
Redesignated: 52d Fighter Wing on 1 October 1991.
^ The emblem was updated 3 December 1996. It was originally approved for the 52d Fighter-Interceptor Group on 11 January 1951. Robertson, Factsheet 52 Fighter Wing. Its heraldic description is "Quarterly per fess nebuly, first and fourth argent, each charged with a dagger in pale point downward gules, hilt and pommel of the same, grip or; second quarter azure; third quarter, sable." Maurer, p. 115.
^ a b Svan, Jennifer H. (January 22, 2015). "Spangdahlem bringing back former vice wing commander". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved May 2, 2015.
^ Hammermann, Katharina (January 23, 2015). "Welcome back: Neuer Airbase-Chef kennt Eifel schon". Trierischer Volksfreund. Retrieved May 2, 2015. ; (in German) Nuckolls, A1C Dylan (February 5, 2015). "New commander takes charge of 52nd FW". 52nd Fighter Wing Public Affairs. Archived from the original on February 6, 2015. Retrieved May 2, 2015. .
^ Robertson, Patsy (May 7, 2013). "Factsheet 52 Fighter Wing (USAFE)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved May 2, 2015.
^ a b Gradishar, A1C Kali L. (April 26, 2010). "F-16 drawdown to begin". 52nd Fighter Wing Public Affairs. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016.
^ Polesnak, 1/Lt Kathleen (August 13, 2010). "480th activated as Spangdahlem's newest F-16 squadron". 52nd Fighter Wing Public Affairs. Archived from the original on February 4, 2016.
^ Knee, SSG Daryl (June 16, 2013). "Fighter squadron inactivation signals end of A-10s in Europe". 52nd Fighter Wing Public Affairs.
^ a b Pawlyk, Oriana (December 30, 2014). "Wing commander relieved of post in Germany". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved May 2, 2015.
Ivie, Tom and Paul Ludwig. Spitfires and Yellow Tail Mustangs: The 52d Fighter Group in World War 2. Crowborough, East Sussex, UK: Hikoki Publications, 2005. ISBN 1-902109-43-0. | 2019-04-23T00:51:17 | https://wiki2.org/en/52d_Fighter_Wing |
0.995188 | College admissions scandal: What did the students know about 'the side door,' and what should happen next?
No students have been charged in the sweeping college admissions scandal, which involved bribery, test doctoring and fraud. What becomes of them? | 2019-04-19T15:12:08 | https://www.igetcontent.com/2019/03/college-admissions-scandal-what-did_27.html |
0.991065 | Objective: After gaining her Dragon magic back, Elucidas sends Nythera to talk to the DragonLords to gain insight on how normal humans view dragonkind.
Objective completed: What did Nythera just DO?!
Elucidas: Easy, youngling. The dragon-child is safe, thanks to you. Your mistress would be proud, and so am I.
Elucidas: In saving Nythera, you have done the Creatioux a great service.
Elysia: But she's still hurt!
Elysia: You're just joking to make me feel better, aren't you?
Elysia: *smiles weakly* Right. I think I WON'T be around you when you practice.
Elysia: When I do magic... weird things happen. Or, at least, they have so far.
Elucidas: Young one, you saved Nythera. Your magic acted as you needed it to, WHEN you needed it to the most. That is a good start.
Elucidas: Nythera, child. You have realized that your powers are not enough- YET- to enable you to face the Decadere.
Elucidas: ... now that you have awakened the first of your new powers.
Elucidas: We shall send you to the DragonLords.
Elucidas: They are well-versed in Dragon-kin, and by talking with them, you will learn how ordinary humans view those touched by Dragons.
Elucidas: Elysia will go with you. She can introduce you to her parents; they will help you, I have no doubt.
Elucidas: I believe they are staying in Falconreach at present.
Amara: Oh, 'Lysia, it is so GOOD to see you!
Amara: You are looking so well. And the glow about you! I can see that life with Celestia agrees with you.
Gervin: You might not become a DragonLord, but I have no doubt that you will do us, and our Dragons, proud one day, daughter.
Gervin: But who is this with you?
Amara: Ah, yes, yes I think we have.
Gervin: Warlic's young apprentice, aren't you?
Nythera: The Creatioux Eldest wanted me to talk with you, to see how you view Dragons.
Gervin: Amara and I were on our way to deal with... an issue... when the two of you entered the Inn.
Gervin: We really mustn't delay investigating it any longer.
Amara: Your father is right, Elysia. I'm sorry, Nythera.
Nythera: Wait, just wait. What IS the issue? If it deals with Dragons, well, I'm half-dragon. Maybe I can help.
Gervin: Hmm. It may be dangerous. I'm not sure I want you young women to be exposed to such... vileness.
Amara: No, dear. Look at our daughter, so grown and learning things about Dragons we can't begin to comprehend.
Amara: And her friend looks... well-suited to dealing with something of this nature.
Amara: There is an air of... capability surrounding her. Let them come with us.
Gervin: Very well. We will be traveling to a storage facility which houses troublesome creatures that we DragonLords must deal with.
Gervin: If you feel faint, or unable to continue, we'll have to leave you at that facilities entrance while we continue on.
Gervin: So it's best to be sure you want to come with us.
Gervin: Once we're in the mountain, we may face danger. If we get separated, just keep following the path to the main holding area.
Elysia: We'll be fine, Papa! Trust us!
Gervin: We've had word that some of the more mundane monsters- less dangerous ones- in the facility have broken free.
Gervin: Our target is still locked up, thankfully. But we'll need you girls to be careful as we make our way to its holding area.
Elysia: Don't WORRY so much, Papa! Both Nythera and I have defenses. AND attacks!
Elysia: Oh! You don't mean- you have a Decadere? Here?
Amara: That would be most appreciated.
Amara: We're still not sure how THIS one appeared. If, as you say, it's from the Void, perhaps a random portal to it opened somewhere?
Amara: Gervin will lower the shield for you now, Nythera. Stand back, Elysia!
Amara: Oh my! THAT was certainly unexpected! But... what does it mean?
-- Leon ShadowHart for coloring and corrections. | 2019-04-21T18:43:35 | https://forums2.battleon.com/f/tm.asp?m=17906914 |
0.999946 | Every now and then a commentator will say, about some politician's display of invective, "He must not have gotten the notice about the 'new civility.'" It is easy to deride the president's call for civility in public debate, either when the president or politicians supportive of his policies demonize or otherwise unfairly characterize their opponents (there is no easier charge to make in politics than that of hypocrisy), or more generally because it may seem strange to exalt civility as a supreme value when extraordinary issues of life and death are at stake.
However, there is a legitimate point in the call for civility: in a democratic society, when there are contentious issues of public debate, and when it really matters that we move forward as a country (and not simply endure the pendulum swing between the ascendancy of one party and the ascendancy of the other), really having a dialogue, really trying to find common ground, really trying to find and incorporate all that is best in different positions is important---really recognizing that we belong to the same polity, the same "civitas."
Really, there are at least two applicable meanings of "civility" here: (1) recognizing that we disagree, even fundamentally, but trying to find a way to live together anyway; (2) trying to move forward constructively in a public debate. In the first case, there is no real public debate. This, it seems to me, is the situation we face right now with the issue of abortion. I found President Obama's call for civility in "the debate" over abortion (in his commencement address at Notre Dame) to be disingenuous: there is no debate in this country right now over abortion. There is a deep divide between those who think that the child in the womb is a fully human life, and those who do not. To be sure, there are occasional "debates" about reasonable restrictions on abortion, but these are not debates about abortion: they are effectively tugs-of-war between the two sides.
The case is different, I think, when it comes to various issues concerning homosexuality, perhaps especially "gay marriage." The situation is like that of abortion in that there is a deep divide between those who regard homosexual activity as intrinsically disordered and those who do not---and I am not sanguine that natural-law discussions will get any better hearing here than they do in the case of abortion. But there are in fact points of debate: for example, what is society's interest in defining marriage? what would be the basis for a "right" to gay marriage? should society concern itself with the matter at all, or leave it up to religious communities? what are the likely societal outcomes of permitting gay marriage? There is no reason at all there cannot be a public debate on these and other such topics. Without that, all we will get will be an ongoing tug-of-war. And I fear that the libertarian ethos of our society will get the better of it here; younger generations---the future voting majority---seem not to regard homosexuality as a big deal.
Civility in public debate? Yes. But let's be honest about what is a debate and what is not. When the Washington Post lauds the president for calling for civility in the "debate" about abortion and demonizes political candidates who are firmly opposed to gay marriage, it gets the situation exactly wrong: there is no debate about abortion, but there needs to be one on issues related to gay marriage. | 2019-04-18T22:32:00 | http://www.witnessworks.org/witnessworkssite/soapbox.cfm?act=article&article=70 |
0.989225 | But Trump, who hired Newman to star on his show "The Apprentice" and then gave her a almost $180,000 job at the White House as his liaison to the African-American community, remained true to his rep as a "counter-puncher".
Trump had already branded "Omarosa" - as she is commonly known in America - a "lowlife" after she released a recording of her firing by chief of staff John Kelly, seemingly recorded in the White House Situation Room.
She recalls her time working for Trump in the book Unhinged: An Insider's Account of the Trump White House, released yesterday. "I had a blind spot where it came to Donald Trump".
"There's a lot of corruption that went on both in the campaign and in the White House and I'm going to blow the whistle on all of it", Manigault Newman said.
Patton then describes having a conversation with Trump about the alleged tape: "I said, 'Well, sir, can you think of anytime this might have happened?' and he said, 'No'". "And I think that all Americans should be concerned when the President of the United States is showing mental decline, lack of impulse control and he's downright mean", she said. And despite the variety of responses criticising Trump's use of the word "dog" - which included tweets from republican senators - the president's original tweet has still been favourited over 81,000 times.
White House spokeswoman Sarah Huckabee Sanders insisted Tuesday that the president's insults were not racially motivated, saying: "This has absolutely nothing to do with race and everything to do with the president calling out someone's integrity".
Carlo Allegri/ReutersOmarosa Manigault claims President Donald Trump considered getting sworn in on his book, "The Art of the Deal", instead of the Bible.
"It's the greatest business book of all time", Trump said, according to Manigault-Newman. The former Apprentice contestant also wrote that Melania and Donald's relationship is seriously on the rocks: "In my opinion, Melania is counting every minute until he is out of office and she can divorce him".
Pete Souza, the official White House photographer during the Obama years, has carved out a new role for himself he seems to be enjoying nearly as much as taking photographs: trolling Donald Trump. "He is embarrassed", Pierson, now a senior adviser on the Trump re-election campaign, says during a phone conversation with Manigault-Newman and another Trump aide, HUD official Lynne Patton. | 2019-04-22T05:12:19 | http://steelerslounge.com/2018/08/white-house-press-secretary-apologizes-after-false/3556971/ |
0.998926 | The computer runs very slowly when compared with other computers having equivalent specifications.
What shall I do to prevent the computer from slowing down?
- Close some applications to reduce the number of running applications.
- Run the [Disk Defragmenter] program.
- Click [Start]->[Programs]->[Accessories]->[System Tools] and select the [Disk Defragmenter] to run the program.
- Remove the unnecessary TSR program.
- Click [Start]->[Run]. On the Run dialog box, type "Msconfig" and click [OK].
- Select the [Startup] tab at the system setup utility screen. By deselecting items, you can disable the programs that are not required.
Do not remove all the TSR programs in the system setup Utility. Please contact the manufacturer of the application software for more detail of the setting for each TSR program.
- Click [Start]->[Accessories]->[System Tools] and select the [System Information].
- Check the [System Resources] and make sure the resources does not drop below 50%.
- Restart the PC regularly will help to avoid the system resources to drop below 50%.
Other possible cause to slow down the operation speed are when the computer is connected to network or when the computer loading some virus program during the start up.
How to refrain children or other users from running specific programs on the computer?
How to set specific time limits for children or other users to use the computer? | 2019-04-19T16:36:23 | https://www.sony-asia.com/electronics/support/articles/S500008924 |
0.998995 | Mini breakfast frittatas are perfect for busy schedules! You can make them ahead quickly and then they are ready to go through the week. There are so many different ways to make them as well, which will keep it interesting - here they are made with a combination of egg, cheddar cheese, and chicken breakfast sausage.
1. Prepare muffin tins with non-stick pan spray and preheat the oven to 425 degrees Fahrenheit.
2. In a mixing bowl, crack 12 eggs. Then stir in cheddar cheese.
3. Fill each muffin tin with the egg and cheese mixture. Then divide the chicken sausage pieces among the baking tin.
4. Bake for 15 - 20 minutes, until the frittatas are golden brown and the egg is cooked through. Remove from the oven and let sit for 5 - 10 minutes before removing from them pan. | 2019-04-19T19:14:01 | http://www.creativenutritionsolutions.com/simplynutrition/2017/9/6/mini-cheddar-and-sausage-breakfast-frittatas |
0.999887 | The task was not simple for this design. Make a 15 feet boat with 4 bunks, head and pantry. Suitable for outboard engine, electric trolling motor and pedal drive. Well I didn't succeed! The boat became 9 inches longer; it was simply not possible to squeeze everything into 15 feet so almost an extra foot was necessary.
The boat has a simple classic layout two bunks forward and two bunks aft. In between is the head and pantry. With 4 adults onboard the boat will properly be a little crowded but two adults and two kids should be all right.
The boat is not suitable for unprotected waters. The high freeboard will make it difficult to make maneuvers in strong wind, so therefore it is best to go on calm lakes, rivers or canals.
Displacement = 672 kg / 1482 lbs.
Hull weight = 214 kg / 472 lbs. | 2019-04-22T06:07:06 | https://boatplans.dk/boat_plans.asp?id=50 |
0.999966 | Imagine if a professor of Semitic languages at a European university comes to the country’s Parliament to give a lecture to the Christian Democrats on minorities in northern Iraq. When he speaks of the Kurds, he says "Kurdistan", but when it comes to Assyria he calls it "Atra". How many MPs would understand the word Atra? A similar case has actually occurred in Holland. Our Assyrian leaders and activists must therefore refrain from rewriting the original toponym of their national homeland.
I have often noticed that many Assyrian leaders and activists from Iraqi Assyria nowadays fail to call their occupied country by its real name. Instead, they use alternative terms, which Orwell would criticise as 'political language', like Atra or Beth-Nahren. Likewise, they name the Assyrian people as Bnay Amman (members of our people), Bnay umtan (members of our nation) or Amma diyyan (our people).
Even Assyrian organisations in the Diaspora are using words such as The Homeland in their associations' activities. Recently I read such an advertisement for an Assyrian local association in the United States and wrote to the member who shared it on social media. She agreed with me that it is inappropriate to use the vague term "Assyrians in the homeland", but told me that there are those who insist on avoiding terms such as "A Walk for Assyria" in order not to offend members belonging to churches other than the Assyrian church of the East.
The phenomenon of rewriting Assyria has also reached European Orientalists and experts. Mrs. Attiya Gamri, a former Dutch MP, recently brought one such example to my attention: a few years ago, Herman Teule, professor of Semitic languages, was invited to the Parliament in The Hague to lecture for the party Christen Unie on the situation of the minorities in northern Iraq. He mentioned several times the word "Kurdistan" but when it came to Assyria, he just said "Atra". Mrs. Gamri kindly asked him why he used an expression that no one in the congregation understood. He said that the Assyrians he had met in Iraq used to say “Atra”. So he assumed that the land which they described was called just Atra.
Those who use these rewritings about their ethnic identity prefer to be politically correct in the ongoing name conflict and the divisions between Assyrians of different church affiliations. But the gist of such reasoning is that the Assyrian patriots, who value their ethnic Assyrian identity and nomenclature above their church affiliation, thus are bowing to the misconception that the name Ashuri (Assyrian) applies only to people from the Assyrian Church of the East. This propaganda has been touted by the Syrian Orthodox and Chaldean church leaders since the 1930s, after the Simele massacre, and still creates frictions within the Assyrian community.
In order to reach a political consensus Assyrian organisations from time to time have tried to find a solution to the name issue by merging different names. After World War I, the term Ashur-Chaldo came in use when the Peace Conference would determine the future of the remnants of the Ottoman Empire. The Assyrians demanded an independent Assyria and submitted a map under the name "La Nation Assyro-Chaldéenne". It failed because the great powers were not interested and the Assyrian delegations were internally divided.
After Saddam's fall in 2003, Assyrian political organisations and churches gathered to a meeting in Baghdad, organised by the Assyrian Democratic Movement (Zowaa). The meeting adopted the double name Chaldo-Ashur to be written into the new Iraqi constitution for the people "who spoke Syriac" (in Arabic: al-nateqin bi al-Lugha al-Suryaniyya). Shortly thereafter the unity was broken when the newly appointed Chaldean Patriarch Mar Emmanuel Delli refused to accept the compound term, which included Ashuri, to apply to his denomination. As a reaction, the East Assyrian bishop in Iraq Mar Giwargis Sliwa (now the Patriarch of the AssyrianChurch of the East) wrote a letter to the Constitution Committee and declared that he accepts nothing but Ashuri. The new constitution was adopted in 2005 where the Assyrians are classified as Assyrians and Chaldeans, i.e two different people, who speak Syriac. In February2016 the Syrian Orthodox Patriarch Mar Afrem II Karim, was on a visit to Baghdad. He met with the speaker of the Parliament and expressed the wish that the Syrian Orthodox too should be included in the Iraqi constitution, written as Suryani in par with Assyrian and Chaldeans. If this occurs, the Assyrian people will be constitutional classified under their denominational churches and affiliations.
This is what the Kurdish president Massoud Barzani aspires for. Ten years ago he brought Sarkis Aghajan, an Assyrian member of the KDP – a party founded by Massoud's father Mustafa Barzani, to play a central role. Aghajan was presented as a counterweight to well-known Assyrian leaders who had been elected to the political assemblies through legitimate and genuine Assyrian voters. Barzani has a great interest in Assyrian matters because he is occupying their country and would like to assimilate them into a manufactured Kurdistani identity, where they are eventually reduced to mere Kurdish Christians. Therefore, he went into the game to gain a greater grasp of Assyrian politics. He made sure Aghajan was honoured with medals by all Assyrian Patriarchs. Even the Pope and other Christian leaders gave Aghajan medals.
In 2006, Aghajan gathered overall Assyrian organisations to a meeting in Arbil where a new party alliance were formed. They also adopted a new name by merging the triple designation ChaldeanSyriacAssyrian. These three names represent the three largest Assyrian churches with same names in Iraq, ranked by size. TV channels, some funded by Barazani, which had spread widely among the Assyrians were paid to market the new triple designation. Since then the politically correct Assyrian representatives are using this combined name even outside of the context of Iraq.
The triple name is thus fully inline with Barzani's desire to present the Assyrians as "Christian citizens of Kurdistan" and by extension "Christian Kurds". From his point of view, it is nonetheless an understandable tactic, but from the Assyrian organisations’ side it is a sign of weakness against the de facto power. For a few years, Zowaa and ADO admittedly remained faithful to the compound Chaldo-Ashur term, but then yielded to the triple name, on the grounds that they do not want to stand in the way of Assyrian unity. However, we have not seen any noteworthy unity developing from this yet.
The development of the name issue, however, has taken a new wrong turn when some Assyrian leaders are solely using the term "Christians" when they want to avoid their people's genuine ethnic term. However, the term "Christian" faces criticism by many Assyrian patriots who see their ethnicity eroding and fear that it promotes Barzani's assimilation policy. The Assyrians are proud of their Christianity, but they are not just Christians. They have national and territorial rights in their own country to defend.
Whatever the reasons are for the renaming of Assyriaand Assyrians, the Assyrian National movement must speak out and call their occupied country by its real name. When, for example, some Swedish-Assyrian politicians use the name Bethnahrin in their speeches in Swedish, it is equally incomprehensible to the Swedish audience just as when the Dutch parliamentarians' confusion the term 'Atra'. We must not be ashamed in saying: we certainly do not have a recognised Assyrian state, but own a historic area that is occupied, named Assyria.
The astute reader will may criticise our argument, by saying: but the pioneers of our Assyrian national movement both wrote and sang about Bethnahrin (Mesopotamia). It is true, that is what we also have done for decades. But the conditions for using the indigenous name Bethnahrin have changed, now even the Kurdish occupiers of 'Bethnahrin' are claiming Mesopotamia, as their own; both as a geographical area and a toponym. Our pioneers wanted to use the neutral name Bethnahrin to unify a nation split by sectarian schisms, at a time when the Assyrians still populated the Assyrian heartland in upper Mesopotamia. But now the indigenous Assyrians are on the edge of extinction from their homeland. Therefore it is more important to mark our ethnicity by our own country Assyria. It automatically includes the national rights of such an ethnic group. If we as Assyrians accept to be solely called "Christians", these rights will not be obvious under international law. In such a case, we may accept the fact that the state where Assyrians are living guarantees us nothing but civil rights -at best. | 2019-04-19T21:28:58 | https://auginhaninke.blogg.se/2016/july/when-assyria-becomes-atra-or-homeland.html |
0.995413 | One of the developers of MEDUSA, a commercial CO2 forecast system She is a genius who uses MEDUSA at age of 10 to control market and engrossed in money game, believing that money is everything.
She hides her true face when talking to others through her computer console because she doesn't like people. She possesses a teddy bear (named Pudding) which she talks to as if it were a real person. Pudding "responds" to Karin's comments though one would assume it is actually Karin talking to herself in a funny voice. Her parents are actually dead during an air crash, but she is made to believe that they are very busy with work, leaving her alone all the time. Karin buys out the entire Akihabara for her own after getting tired from shopping around. After she tries to hack into Zeus, she is pursued by Atlas authority. She escapes arrest by escaping to Akihabara. As the story progresses, her personality becomes slightly accepting of people as she only hides her eyes with sunglasses when she talks to them. She tries to make Mikuni the successor of Atlas when Mikuni seeks refuge in Akihabara. | 2019-04-18T15:30:25 | https://myanimelist.net/character/21002/Karin_Ishida |
0.998537 | Senate Judiciary Committee Must Investigate McLean; Feinstein.
Now that the Senate, with the aid of the Senate Judiciary Committee, has completed its confirmation process of Justice Brett Kavanugh, the question is what, if anything, does it have to do next?
In light of the fact that a 36 year old story was brought to the Senate for its serious consideration regarding a judicial nominee absent any corroborating information or evidence, the question that many have is whether this was the result of a good faith presentation, or was it a concerted effort to disrupt the nomination process and derail the appointment of a qualified judicial nominee?
If the answer to this question is a negative, then there is no further action to be taken. But, after all the shenanigans, all the posturing, and all the insults, the reality is that absent an investigation, there is no way of knowing. And if the allegations were brought forth merely for political expediency or personal gain, then the nomination process will have been placed under great peril for no valid reason, something the Senate cannot allow.
The Senate may begin with Senator Diane Feinstein. Senator Feinstein allegedly came to learn of Ford's allegations through a letter she received from Congresswoman Anna Eshoo in July. According to the Senate testimonies, by the time she met with Judge Kavanaugh, Senator Feinstein was already in possession of this letter and had even assisted Dr. Ford in obtaining a lawyer. Amazingly, Senator Feinstein did not bring up the allegation with Kavanaugh during their July 20th meeting.
Also of great interest is the comment Ford made during her testimony indicating that Feinstein and she had agreed to keep her letter confidential until the end of the hearing. It was a comment that Arizona Attorney Rachel Mitchell was in the process of developing when Blaisey Ford's attorneys hurriedly interjected.
If Senator Feinstein withheld material information from the Senate Judiciary Committee for over a month with the specific intent of railroading the confirmation process, then Feinstein's actions represent the most egregious of ethical breaches. For these reasons, her role in the presentation of Dr. Ford's testimony must be brought to light.
The other question is the role of Monica McLean. McLean is a life long friend of Dr. Ford's and a 24-year FBI operative who quit the agency about six months prior to President Donald Trump's inauguration. McLean's role in the development of Ford's story is certainly suspect. Bear in mind that McLean lives in Delaware, which is where Ford was when she wrote the letter to Eshoo. Additionally, McLean is the person who was identified by another friend of Dr. Ford's, Ms. Leland Keyser, as the person who had tried to pressure her into changing her testimony. Such a change in testimony would have been very important since, up to that point, Kelly, who had been identified as one of the four people to have witnessed Kavanaugh's alleged assault on Ford, said she had no recollection of such a gathering nor did she know Judge Kavanagh.
It was McLean who allegedly received the coaching from Dr. Blaisey Ford on taking polygraphs, a contention McLean denies. If true, the finding would make Ford's testimony before the Senate not credible since she told the Committee that she did not know anything about polygraph tests. If it was learned that Ford had so much familiarity with polygraph testing that she was able to coach others on how to take one, Ford's credibility would seriously suffer as would the validity of the polygraph results.
Finally, it is interesting that McLean was one of the few acquaintances of Dr. Ford who was present at the Senate hearing.
Undoubtedly, the Senate must find out the truth regarding Dr. Ford's testimony. If indeed, the events of the last two weeks were the result of a concerted effort at derailing the nomination process, then the Senate must punish those nefarious actors supporting it, and just as importantly, it must take steps to prevent such a destructive orchestration from ever happening again. | 2019-04-18T21:05:46 | http://www.thefederalistpages.com/articles/senate-judiciary-committee-must-investigate-mclean-feinstein |
0.929934 | Text The unit of measurement given using the UN/CEFACT Common Code (3 characters) or a URL. Other codes than the UN/CEFACT Common Code may be used with a prefix followed by a colon.
StructuredValue The value of the quantitative value or property value node. For QuantitativeValue, the recommended type for values is 'Number'. For PropertyValue, it can be 'Text;', 'Number', 'Boolean', or 'StructuredValue'.
Vehicle The time needed to accelerate the vehicle from a given start velocity to a given target velocity.
Demand The amount of time that is required between accepting the offer and the actual usage of the resource or service.
Demand The typical delay between the receipt of the order and the goods leaving the warehouse.
Demand The duration for which the given offer is valid.
EngineSpecification The volume swept by all of the pistons inside the cylinders of an internal combustion engine in a single movement.
Note 1: You can link to information about how the given value has been determined using the valueReference property.
Note 2: You can use minValue and maxValue to indicate ranges.
Note 1: There are many different ways of measuring an engine's power. For an overview, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horsepower#Engine_power_test_codes.
Note 2: You can link to information about how the given value has been determined using the valueReference property.
Note 3: You can use minValue and maxValue to indicate ranges.
Vehicle The capacity of the fuel tank or in the case of electric cars, the battery. If there are multiple components for storage, this should indicate the total of all storage of the same type.
Person The height of the item.
Vehicle The permitted weight of passengers and cargo, EXCLUDING the weight of the empty vehicle.
Note 1: Many databases specify the permitted TOTAL weight instead, which is the sum of weight and payload.
Car The permitted total weight of cargo and installations (e.g. a roof rack) on top of the vehicle.
Vehicle The speed range of the vehicle. If the vehicle is powered by an engine, the upper limit of the speed range (indicated by maxValue) should be the maximum speed achievable under regular conditions.
Note 1: Use minValue and maxValue to indicate the range. Typically, the minimal value is zero.
Note 2: There are many different ways of measuring the speed range. You can link to information about how the given value has been determined using the valueReference property.
Vehicle The permitted vertical load (TWR) of a trailer attached to the vehicle. Also referred to as Tongue Load Rating (TLR) or Vertical Load Rating (VLR).
EngineSpecification The torque (turning force) of the vehicle's engine.
Note 1: You can link to information about how the given value has been determined (e.g. reference RPM) using the valueReference property.
Vehicle The permitted weight of a trailer attached to the vehicle.
Person The weight of the product or person.
Vehicle The permitted total weight of the loaded vehicle, including passengers and cargo and the weight of the empty vehicle.
Vehicle The distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels. | 2019-04-26T10:59:20 | http://sdo-scripts.appspot.com/QuantitativeValue |
0.99816 | Maternal/neonatal vitamin D deficiency: a new risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants?
The objective of the study was to investigate the possible association between maternal/neonatal 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) levels and development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).
One hundred and forty-five preterm infants less than or equal to 36 weeks of gestation were enrolled. 25-OHD levels were determined in maternal/neonatal blood samples that were obtained at the time of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit.
Of the 145 enrolled patients, 26 (18%) developed NEC. Maternal/neonatal 25-OHD levels in the NEC group were significantly lower than those of the no-NEC group (P=0.001 and 0.004, respectively). In univariate logistic regression analysis, both maternal/neonatal vitamin D levels were a significant predictor of NEC (odds ratio (OR): 0.92 and 0.89; P<0.001 and P<0.005, respectively). However, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only maternal vitamin D level was a significant predictor of NEC (OR: 0.86, P<0.0009).
This is the first study to propose a possible association between maternal/neonatal 25-OHD levels and subsequent development of NEC in preterm infants.
"The incidence of NEC varies. It is stated most often as 1% to 7% of all neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions, or 1 to 3 per 1,000 live births"
"Necrotizing enterocolitis is a costly disease, accounting for nearly 20% of NICU costs annually."
"Necrotizing enterocolitis survivors requiring surgery often stay in the NICU more than 90 days and are among those most likely to stay more than 6 months"
"Although 90% of infants who develop NEC are born premature, full-term and near-term infants also develop the disease"
"It is estimated that nearly 12% of infants born weighing less than 1500 g will develop NEC; of those, about 30% will not survive." | 2019-04-20T03:27:00 | https://vitamindwiki.com/Premies+with+low+Vitamin+D+are+14+percent+more+like+to+have+expensive+gut+problems+%28necrotizing+enterocolitis%29+%E2%80%93+March+2017 |
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jeffer hasn’t received any thanks yous.
jeffer doesn’t have any fans yet.
jeffer isn’t following anybody yet. | 2019-04-18T17:13:16 | https://www.sitejabber.com/users/jefferd |
0.999093 | (Jennifer Abel @ ConsumerAffairs) The American Civil Liberties Union has released records it had obtained via Freedom of Information requests from police agencies across the state of Florida, detailing widespread law enforcement use of surveillance technology kept secret not only from ordinary American citizens, but from judges and the court system, too.
This secrecy is allegedly justified in the name of “national security” although, as the ACLU notes in the records it released yesterday, a detailed list of over 250 investigations from just one city's police department showed not a single case related to national security.
And although yesterday's ACLU investigation only looked at Florida, state and local law enforcement agencies in at least 20 states and Washington D.C. use this secret surveillance technology.
It's called Stingray, and its tracks people's whereabouts (more specifically, it tracks the whereabouts of people's phones) though the use of devices called “cell site simulators.” As the label suggests, such devices simulate cell phone towers in a way that forces cell phones in the area to broadcast information which can be used to locate and identify them.
How extensively does law enforcement use this program? The ACLU notes that Florida alone has spent more than $3 million on Stingrays and related equipment since 2008.
“The documents paint a detailed picture of police using an invasive technology — one that can follow you inside your house — in many hundreds of cases and almost entirely in secret.
In other words, police keep information about this program secret not only from the public they presumably serve, but from the judges who presumably are supposed to oversee those police to ensure their behavior stays within legal and constitutional guidelines.
[Tadrae McKenzie] and two buddies robbed a small-time pot dealer of $130 worth of weed using BB guns. Under Florida law, that was robbery with a deadly weapon, with a sentence of at least four years in prison. But before trial, his defense team detected investigators’ use of a secret surveillance tool. ... In an unprecedented move, a state judge ordered the police to show the device — a cell-tower simulator sometimes called a StingRay — to the attorneys. Rather than show the equipment, the state offered McKenzie a plea bargain.
McKenzie took the plea: six month's probation, no jailtime.
The “trade secrets” mentioned belong to Harris Corp., the Florida-based company that manufactures the StingRay and similar cell phone tracking devices. There's a lot of money at stake; a single StingRay sells for anywhere from $68,000 to $134,000, according to Department of Justice documents quoted by the Washington Post.
The ACLU's records also show that police have not been obtaining warrants before using these cell phone trackers to determine peoples' locations. The full Florida Stingray records collected by the ACLU are available online here. | 2019-04-25T06:09:22 | http://active-technologies.com/content/aclu-says-police-use-secret-cell-phone-tracking-program |
0.998486 | Jayson Tatum, Tim Hardaway Jr. and Kyrie Irving.
The Boston Celtics are back to having fun again after their fourth win in a row, a 128-100 victory over the New York Knicks in the NBA on Thursday.
Kyrie Irving scored a team-high 22 points and spoke after the game about the reason for Boston's recent success.
"I think the important thing to take [off] our shoulders early on was just how much of the fun we weren't having. It just wasn't fun," Irving said, via MassLive.com. "I know certain guys would probably be fearful to talk about it, but it goes on in every NBA locker room."
Boston have won five of their last six games and matched a season-high by moving to four games over .500 at 14-10. Irving said the Celtics have heard the criticism about the team's slow start from around the NBA.
"I still remember certain players on other teams asking us what was going on with us when we were 10-10," Irving said.
The Celtics have victories over the Minnesota Timberwolves and New Orleans Pelicans during their winning streak and have a chance to really go on a run with three of their next four games against teams at the bottom of the Eastern Conference.
So over the next few games, Boston have a lot of chances to have more fun, which is exactly what Irving wants his team to do.
Celtics wing Jaylen Brown made his first appearance of the year off the bench and promptly scored 21 points on seven-of-10 shooting.
Suns guard Jamal Crawford went 0-of-seven shooting, 0 for three from three-point range and the team were minus-25 with him on the court in a 108-86 loss to the Trail Blazers.
The Bucks (16-7) demolished the Warriors (17-9) the last time these two teams played. Stephen Curry got hurt in that game, which set off a chain reaction putting the Warriors into the roughest stretch of Steve Kerr's coaching career (by his own admission). But Curry is back from injury and looking like an MVP again. However, so is Giannis Antetokounmpo. | 2019-04-25T13:49:27 | http://www.loopjamaica.com/content/celtics-having-fun-again-after-fourth-win-row |
0.998497 | I am convinced that we are dead wrong about the nature of dreaming, itself.
At night, your astral body, an eternal spirit, restless and now free, travels to realms from angelic to demonic, spirit worlds of myriad vibrational levels; the pictures that you see on the backs of your eyelids, while you REM, are not dreams but visits, souvenirs of a greater reality.
Like goldfish, who never suspect a greater world beyond the pond's surface, the limited spiritual awareness of humankind, similarly floats beneath the surface of a greater reality, like goldfish, mouth agape, groping in total ignorance.
Astral traveling, consciously, can be as dangerous as astral travel. unconsciously, while sleeping.
One seeks to swim with the elevated porpoises one sees not too far from shore, but just as soon as one jumps into those tidewaters, sharks and, not the porpoises, move in, prevail in the ocean currents of unconsciousness, between 2 and 6 A.M..
Suddenly, survival depends on one's being able to ground oneself, an essential but elusive tool.
As we struggle into consciousness, each morning, a self erasing mechanism destroys memories of,' dreams', and only vague and vivid snippets remain as clues.
But how many people can recall dreams that were not,' dreams', at all?
Many have recall for hours and days, afterwards, of these shark like impositions, unlike the general amnesia accompanying a lifetime of their dreams.
After mind-blowing, 3-D-vivid terrifying astral experiences with reptilians and demons, where dreamlike images were broadcast into my mind, I have shockingly unlearned all Jungian and Freudian concepts of 'dreams'.
It's only our own languages impotence in calling these myriad astral recollections,' dreams'; the Eskimos have myriad words for snow, as snow is so endemic to their lives.
There are separate words, in their cultural language to delineate: wet snow, blowing snow, blizzard snow, icy snow, softly falling snow, drifting snow, blinding snow, while our cultural language uses ,'snow', as a predominant word.
Similarly, we have only one word for, 'dreams', that often are NOT dreams which we ourselves generate.
Angelic assistance does also appear, in, 'dreams', dreams we did not ourselves craft and foster.
So, too, alien astral abductions and horrid ghostly or demonic telepathic/ psychic attacks can loom as ,'dreams'.
My experiences in the extreme, illustrated this indigestible possibility to me.
Imposed nightmares, I now know, is a redundant expression; all nightmares are broadcast into the sleeping mind to bully and to cause fear, the empowering sweet food energy that Dark Force Entities crave.
One's nighttime, 'dreams' and 'nightmares' are powerfully revealed as imposed and broadcast, when paranormal events manifest around one, during daily life.
Hauntings and poltergeist phenomena ,'dreams' are quite dramatic, in this regard.
One straddles the fence of the Twilight Zone, surrounded by harassing, omnipresent, sinister, psychic, tenacious, unseen entities whose presences cause nightly wild, 'dreams', which fills one with trepidation, wonder and indignation.
These imposed,' dreams', are out of body attacks upon one's astral self and differ from self generated 'dreams', in their vivid, 3 -D, total sensory envelopment and the inherent viciousness in provoking angst, realistic in every way, compared to consciousness.
The perspective, of the dreamer, in such, 'dreams', is a struggle to awaken from nightmarish scenes, aligned with negative worst scenarios; these reveal that they are imposed, simply by virtue of their worst scenario plots and their vividness.
All nightmares are varying degrees of imposed psychic attacks as you are being negatively 'milked' ethereally for energy within raw angst, by an entity who you might have picked up in daily transit not unlike dog poo on your shoe bottoms.
The nightmares and bad dreams under a state of demonic possession seem realistic in every way compared to the intensity of waking consciousness and appear to be out of body attacks.
One feels at every nighttime that one flirts with the beast of madness, itself.
"Dreams", suddenly change, in one's understanding of the word, 'dreams', when one encounters such unseen discorporate negative thought entities who are masters of delusions and of broadcasting images onto the screen of the mind..
One recognizes the raw power of the vividness as more than one's murky dream scenarios could ever muster.
I am thus convinced that we are dead wrong about the nature of dreaming, itself. | 2019-04-19T20:32:44 | https://ufodigest.com/article/dream-little-dream-me |
0.999999 | Was the original show popular in the US?
I've liked all three of the new doctors though David Tennant is my favourite.
The head writer and executive producer of Doctor Who, Steven Moffat, is to step down from the show, the BBC has confirmed. His last series will go out in spring 2017 following a Christmas special, after which he will be replaced by Broadchurch writer Chris Chibnall. Moffat took over the reins on series five of the world's longest running sci-fi series in 2010. BBC One's controller, Charlotte Moore, said Moffat was an "absolute genius".
and now watching the clock begins... I am wondering if Capaldi is going to stay on. I hope so, because he is the most like Tom Baker who is my favorite. I know there are fans that said they hated the way Moffat handled The Doctor but I liked his work, just like I like his work on Sherlock.
The new Doctor Who companion will be revealed live on BBC One on Saturday night. The announcement will be made during half time of the FA Cup semi-final Match of the Day Live: Everton versus Manchester United at around 18:00 BST. The new companion will star alongside Peter Capaldi's Time Lord in the 10th new season of Doctor Who. They will replace Jenna Coleman, who played Clara Oswald, who left the show in 2015.
Pearl Mackie has been named as the new Doctor Who companion alongside Peter Capaldi's Time Lord in the Tardis.
The role of Doctor Who was previously offered to a black actor, executive producer Steven Moffat has revealed.
I started watching this in September, 2014, and have seen all the seasons from the reboot since then, I'm a big fan of this show, but I hate admitting it to people I know. Everyone I know thinks it's really weird, I'm waiting on the Christmas special this year, it's not very far away.
That's only because they haven't watched it. ;D ;D If they gave it a chance they would see how intelligent and interesting the writing is. Oh yes and definitely weird-one of the best aspects to be sure!
They have watched it. ;D I've considered watching the older ones, and will get around to it eventually. I personally find it to be weird, but I really like it anyways. ;D It's my favorite tv show that's running, and 2nd favorite tv show ever.
If you watch the old ones, watch the Tom Baker (4th Doctor) episodes first.
I don't know, I usually prefer to go chronological. If I watched series one first, I'd eventually get to the Tom Baker era, you know what I mean?
A "lost" Doctor Who adventure from 1966 whose original master tapes were wiped in the 1970s is to be released in animated form, the BBC has confirmed.
The animated makeover of The Power of the Daleks is based on film clips, surviving photographs and audio recordings featuring the original cast.
The six-part story was the first full outing of Patrick Troughton's Doctor.
It will be available on 5 November at 17:50 GMT on BBC Store, 50 years to the minute after its broadcast on BBC One.
Huh, that's actually pretty cool.
Reflecting on that time and with Patrick Troughton as the Doctor, I must had watched that series, I can remember Daleks exploding.
This year's Christmas special of Doctor Who will see the Doctor team up with a comic book superhero.
The 60 minute episode, called The Return of Doctor Mysterio, will be written by Steven Moffat and broadcast on BBC One on Christmas Day.
The Doctor, played by Peter Capaldi, will work with the superhero to save New York from a deadly alien threat.
Doctor Mysterio will be played by Justin Chatwin, who has previously appeared in Orphan Black.
The pair will be joined on their quest by an investigative journalist, played by Wolf Hall actress Charity Wakefield.
Matt Lucas, who announced his return to Doctor Who earlier this year, will also appear in the episode.
Jodie Whittaker has been announced as Doctor Who's 13th Time Lord - the first woman to be given the role. The new Doctor's identity was revealed in a trailer broadcast at the end of the Wimbledon men's singles final. The Broadchurch star succeeds Peter Capaldi, who took over the role in 2013 and leaves in the forthcoming Christmas special. Whittaker, 35, said it was "overwhelming, as a feminist" to become the next Doctor. She will make her debut on the sci-fi show when the Doctor regenerates in the Christmas special.
The 13th doctor is a woman! This is pretty amazing actually. It shows that the new writer is willing to take a risk and not play it safe. I think this could either be spectacularly bad or spectacularly good!
A lot of people are freaking out about the announcement in a negative way. I personally don't mind if The Doctor is a man or a woman, just be a good Doctor.
The Broadchurch and Trust Me star has begun filming as the 13th Time Lord. Whittaker, the first female Doctor, takes over from Peter Capaldi and will make her debut on screen when the Doctor regenerates in the Christmas special on BBC One. When her casting was announced in July, she said it felt "overwhelming, as a feminist" to have the role. She told fans not to be "scared" by her gender.
When is the regeneration set to occur? I am a former Whovian who got turned off by how formulaic this show is, but I could be coaxed back if they decide to mix things up now that they've got this female Doctor.
I think the next Doctor Who is due around Christmas Day, I think Karen will known?
The Christmas special this year, Twice Upon A Time will have Peter's regeneration to Jodie. I can't wait to see Peter and David (Bradley) both playing off of each other as 1 and 12 and neither wanting to regenerate. :) Although I am said that Peter is going.
No, it is going to show Capaldi regenerate, but in this one the First Doctor makes an appearance, and he is struggling with the idea of regenerating as well, so, parallel storylines, is what I have gathered.
Ah alright then. I want Who to change up its formula, not the sequence of events.
I thought the special was nice. Not mind blowing, but sweet. Gonna use a spoiler tag just in case someone hasn't had the chance to see it yet.
Peter had a good send off; and his advice for the next Doctor was perfect- :\'(.
I liked that they used the Rose/Bad Wolf music in part of the regeneration scene.
I also liked the hinting at female regeneration throughout the show with the first Doctor's patronizing ideas of females- that made me chuckle, even though Hartnell's Doctor wasn't like that.
When Peter's cover-up ring dropped from Jodi's hand, that was a nice touch.
Seeing Clara- briefly- was nice as well.
Even better was Bill. I love Pearl Mackie.
The WW1 Captain was a Lethbridge-Stewart!
So many callbacks to previous episodes,storylines and Doctors. I will have to watch it a few times to catch them all.
The biggest criticism I have is that the TARDIS had a tantrum and kicked the new Doctor out mid-flight. I know this was a callback episode, but, this has been done a couple-few times in the past, and I would have preferred they go in a different direction for Jodi.
Well..watched the pilot with jodi and not disappointed.
It's just a pilot ep, and with so much new-ness it was bound to be a bit awkward/clunky but it did not retract from the show. She really smashed it. :) Extended version will be on in a few and am watching again.
So nice to see Who back. | 2019-04-22T18:25:18 | http://www.inthe00s.com/archive/current-television-shows/smf/1340376061.shtml |
0.998587 | But what is really diversification? There are many ways to diversify an investing portfolio like buying different assets classes and choosing stocks from companies that operate in totally difference sectors. A well diversified portfolio can include stocks from small companies, big companies, government bonds, mutual funds and other securities like preferred shares.
An example of the importance of putting this concept to practice can be traced back to the financial crisis. People whose portfolio consisted mostly of stocks from banks saw those assets get wiped out at lightning speed. Imagine what would of happened if all your retirement funds where invested in Fannie Mae during the financial meltdown. All your money would have literarily disappeared in a few months. But if you owned Fannie Mae at the time but you had a diversified portfolio, depending on how assets were allocated, other investments would have kept delivering profits while Fannie Mae disappeared. As of today your net worth may have even grown as long as your other investments remained profitable.
A lot of professional investors are known to rebalance their portfolios if they notice that one stock is growing too fast compared to others or if stocks grow too fast so that the percentage of capital invested in stocks goes higher than what their ideal allocation would look like they sell shares and buy other assets. The point is that diversification lowers risk and at the end delivers more profits. Famous investor Benjamin Graham believed that putting all you money in one stock is not investing but basically gambling. One good diversification strategy that some investors use is to buy shares of a mutual fund that follows the S&P or the Dow Jones in addition to personally chosen assets.
Remember that diversifying involves sectors and sometimes even investments in foreign companies. When it comes to sectors there are many, some examples are: telecommunications, finances, retail, restaurants, services, software, food and drinks. The philosophy behind choosing assets that are spread through various sectors is to avoid portfolio losses if one industry runs into trouble. The same goes for investing in foreign companies.
A diversified portfolio also invests in bonds that include company bonds and government bonds. Government bonds from the U.S. are tax free and are considered the safest investment in terms of risk but it is also one of the lowest yielding in many cases. Still, for people near retirement it is a good idea to have more money in bonds than in stocks. A bond portfolio can be diversified by investing in corporate bonds and perhaps preferred shares from stable companies. Preferred shares tend to be less volatile but are favorites among retirees and are like a mix between a bond and stocks.
In conclusion, a diversified portfolio protects your wealth and reduces the risk associated with a poor performing stock. It also helps protect against other calamities such as industry or sector recessions. | 2019-04-25T20:10:17 | http://www.infobarrel.com/Investing_Portfolios_The_Importance_of_Portfolio_Diversification |
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