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0.999969 | Greece marched twice, both first and last. According to the tradition, Greece always walks first due to its historical status as the progenitor of the Olympics, while the host nation always marches last. Since in Athens, Greece was also the host nation, they walked twice.
0. In response to the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, 14 Eastern Bloc countries including the Soviet Union boycotted the Games. The IOC awarded Los Angeles the Games by default, as no other city was interested.
Under what name does Republic of China, commonly known as Taiwan, participate in the Olympics?
Chinese Taipei. The People's Republic of China opposes the use of "Republic of China" or the common name "Taiwan" for the country because it would imply an acceptance of Taiwan as a sovereign state. The Taiwanese also rejected "Taiwan" as they officially still claim the sole legitimate government of all of China.
Hungary vs USSR. By the start of the Olympics, the 1956 Hungarian Revolution had been suppressed by the Soviets, and many players saw the Olympics as a way to salvage pride for their country. After the extraordinarily violent game, many of Hungary team members sought asylum in the West. Hungary won 4:0.
Who won the battle of Marathon?
Greeks. According to Herodotus, an Athenian runner named Pheidippides was sent to run from Athens to Sparta (225 km, 140 miles) to ask for assistance before the battle. Then, following the battle, the Athenian army marched quickly the 40 km (25 miles) to Athens, in order to head off the Persian forces. Later these two events became confused with each other, leading to a legendary but inaccurate story (first recorded by Plutarch in 1st century AD) of Pheidippides running from Marathon to Athens after the battle, to announce the Greek victory.
Which martial art is an Olympic sport next to judo?
Taekwondo. Gyeorugi, a type of taekwondo sparring, has been an Olympic event since 2000. There have been attempts to introduce karate as Olympic sport as well. In the 117th IOC Session (July 2005), karate received more than half of the votes, but not the two-thirds majority needed to become an official Olympic sport.
Which country won the most medals in the alpine skiing competitions at the Olympic Games throughout the whole history?
Austria. Of the total number of 397 medals awarded so far, Austria got 105, nearly twice as much as Switzerland, which comes second with 56 medals. Austrian dominance is not limited to the Olympic Games - Austrians won also nearly 30% of all Alpine Skiing World Cup races.
4th century AD. The Olympic games were disbanded as "pagan rituals" shortly after Christianity was made the official religion of the Roman Empire. Theodosius the Great dissolved the order of the Vestal Virgins in Rome and banned the Olympics in Ancient Greece. | 2019-04-24T17:54:01 | https://globalquiz.org/en/top-olympic-games-facts/ |
0.99976 | " Chemical A and Chemical B are reacted to form Mixture C. Mixture C contains a residue of Chemical A. Chemical A, which is a carcinogen, is present as a residue in the mixture at less than .1%. Is an MSDS required for Chemical A?"
In order to ensure we are using the correct terms, we are restating your question slightly as follows: Substance A and Substance B are reacted to form Substance C. However, a residual of Substance A remains after the reaction occurs. Therefore, the new product is Substance C, plus less than 0.1% of Substance A, or Mixture D. Would information on the hazards of Substance A be required on the MSDS for Mixture D?
Given that Substance A constitutes less than 0.1% of Mixture D, the answer would generally be no. The exceptions would be if, under paragraph (d)(5)(iv) of the HCS, you perform a hazard determination and find there is evidence that the chemical can still present a health hazard to workers in that concentration, or that it could be released and exceed established permissible exposure limits or threshold limit values. In these situations, information regarding Substance A would have to be included on the MSDS for Mixture D.
I hope this discussion has been helpful to you. Please feel free to contact us again if we can be of further assistance.
Keep your reactions well-stirred with stirrers from Safety Emporium.
We are requesting guidance regarding Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) for residues in a mixture. We would appreciate the Agency's response to the following question.
Chemical A and Chemical B are reacted to form Mixture C. Mixture C contains a residue of Chemical A. Chemical A, which is a carcinogen, is present as a residue in the mixture at less than .1%. Is an MSDS required for Chemical A?
I have previously conferred with Jennifer Silk on this issue and she indicated that an MSDS would probably not be required for Chemical A. We are requesting confirmation of this interpretation. | 2019-04-19T14:31:02 | http://www.ilpi.com/msds/osha/I19901012.html |
0.999992 | If you're moving soon, this really doesn't have to be a stressful experience. These moving tips can help you achieve a successful and efficient move.
Summarize everything that needs to be finished before your move - notify your post office, newspaper carrier, publishers, transfer your fire/homeowners insurance etc.
Get rid of physically unnecessary things, like: broken devices, unwanted tools, old clothing, toys and other items that you no longer need, before you move. Give usable items to charitable organizations or hold a yard sale.
3. Choose an experienced moving services.
Choose a moving firm with an established reputation and experience for good service and reliability. Make sure that your moving team has an available phone number for you at all times.
Get boxes in various sizes. Collect them from your local store, or purchase them from your moving company. Get many more than you think you'll need. If purchased, you can always take them back for a refund if unused, and if you got them free, just discard any extra.
5. Pack on a room-by-room basis. Keep the contents of each room in separate boxes and marked them properly. This will eliminate confusion and save time when you're unpacking.
6. Close and tape all moving boxes.
Many people don`t realize that professional movers can`t move "open boxes." The main reason is "open boxes" can`t be stacked in the truck and/or dolly in a protected way, as there is a higher risk of damage with items falling out of an open box.
If you have jewelry, or you need to bring some cash, keep them with you at all times. Refrain from putting valuable small items inside boxes or packing crates, lest they get lost or stolen.
8. Moving your pet safely.
Some pets are excited by trips in the car, but most of them associate it with vet visits or transfers to a boarding kennel. Even if your pet does like to travel, moving long-distance, over a few days is much harder than you will have anticipated.
9. Get organized with your unpacking.
Unpack a room at a time, simply because it's better to have one room complete than to have three rooms half-done. If your child is able to unpack their own stuff, let them and encourage them to make their space their own.
Contact insurance companies, including household, auto and health. Find out if you're currently covered or if you need to create new policies with a new company. This is important to check especially if you're moving to a new state or province. | 2019-04-22T06:34:30 | http://www.miamigardensmovingservices.com/moving_tips.php |
0.9998 | Text: “I have just returned with my uncle, the General, from the Panorama of Waterloo,” said Lady Mary. “He described the action so well, that I really could see the Cuirassiers charge three distinct times, could in return hear the Scottish Royals and immortal Greys shout ‘Scotland for ever.” I could see them hew in pieces the steel-clad warriors of France, could see Napoleon’s countenance change at the operations of ‘ces terribles chevaux gris,’ and could behold its expression of consternation, as when leaning over the horse of his peasant guide, and discerning the columns of Prussians advancing like a cloud in the horizon, he exclaimed, ‘tout est perdu!’ […] I advise you to go and see it: it is well worth your while; and I trust that the scene will have interest for a Briton a century hence, when we and when our’s are no more. Our heroes have gathered their laurels in vain, unless the dews of immortality falling from on high preserve them; the brave but sleep, the coward perishes and is forgotten.” Here a glow of heroism lit up her countenance, and she appeared to me something more than woman.
I now prepared to follow her advice; and went directly to the Panorama. The room was crowded with company, and the representation was just what she had described. Luckily for me, I fell in with an officer of the intrepid Scotch Greys, who gave me much information on the subject: that corps covered itself with glory; and of course, no one was better able to describe the battle, than one who had so much contributed to its renown.
When the officer had concluded his observations, I retired to a corner in order to observe the company. In all assemblages of people, a spectator may learn much. The following is a roughly sketched outline of what struck me most.
There also was the exquisite militaire, youthful and blooming, affected and vain, lounging with an air of sans souci, a toothpick or a violet in his mouth, a quizzing-glass either suspended round his neck or fixed in the socket of his eye, seeming to disdain taking an interest in the thing, yet lisping out, “Upon my thoul, it’s d–d like, d–d like indeed,— yeth, that’s just the place where we lotht tho many men, — it’s quite ridicttlouth, how like it ith.” What a contrast! so much valour, yet so much feminine conceit, starch and perfume, whalebone and pasteboard! It is however not less true, that these fops, who take so much care of their pretty persons out of the field, take no care of them in it.
Here were idlers looking at the action merely as a picture; and there were vacant countenances staring at nothing but the company:— in one place a fat citizen came in merely to rest himself; and in another, a pretty brunette of the second class, whose only business was to meet my Lord. In a third corner I could see a happy couple enjoying the short space previous to a permanent union, and who came here for fashion’s sake, or to be alone in the world, and thus to escape the attention of a smaller circle; for there exists a certain retirement or solitude in crowds, known only to the few. This couple took as much interest in the battle of Waterloo as in the fire of London.
“Not so with Lady Evremont,” exclaimed a disdainful woman of quality, (whose short upturned nose, step à la Française, rapid delivery in discourse, and fiery eye, bespoke heat of temper and swelling of pride),— “not so with her ladyship! she thought herself the very loadstone of attraction, and considered dancing as a loss of time. I am sure if I were her husband —” “You would,” interrupted an elderly Exquisite of sickly composure but of satirical dissatisfied aspect,— “you would do just what her husband does, namely, not care sixpence about her, but leave her to herself.” This produced a general laugh, but in the moderate key of fashionable mirth; for the whole circle was composed of her enemies.— Why? Because she is beautiful.
“What brought you here, Sir George?” sighed out a languid looking widow of fashion. “The attraction of your beauty.” “Stuff!” exclaimed the widow, in a more animated tone, biting her lips (not spitefully but playfully) and twinkling her eyes. “And you, Major?” ” A shower of rain,” replied the Hibernian. “Oh! then I have nothing to do with your coming.” “Nothing, except (recovered Pat) that whilst it rains without, you reign within, in every heart and in every mind.” “None of your nonsense!” cried the Widow, putting her hand on his lips. “I hate flattery — blarney I believe you call it.” “Just what you please; truth is truth still, in English, Irish, or even Dutch,” concluded he. The lady appeared delighted; but turning round to a boarding-school cousin, endeavoured to hide her satisfaction by saying, “I do hate so many compliments.” I extricated myself from this buz of high life, giving and receiving acknowledgments from those of my acquaintance who formed a part of the circle; and on my exit, I perceived some wry faces and some discontented looks at the door. These were French people come over here, all with, a view of gain, in some shape or other, but who sickened at any thing which lowered France, avec ses armées victorieuses, which so long gave laws to the greater part of Europe, but could never dictate them to us. As much was said by the French, about their Légion d’Honneur and Napoleon’s Invincibles, as ever ancient history has trumpeted concerning the sacred battalion commanded by Pelopidas, but I did not stay long to listen to them.
Comments: Felix Bryan M’Donogh (1768?-1836) was an Irish soldier then essayist, who wrote a series of travel books under the name of ‘The Hermit’. The Panorama was an invention of the artist Robert Barker, who patented a means of exhibiting a large, highly realistic landscape painting on the inside of a cylindrical building. It was first exhibited in Edinburgh in 1788, and moved to London’s Leicester Square in 1793, where it remained a popular (and much imitated) attraction for seventy years. The Waterloo panorama was painted by Barker’s son Henry Aston Barker and was first exhibited in Leicester Square in 1816, a year after the Battle of Waterloo itself.
This entry was posted in 1810s, Travel writing, United Kingdom and tagged Audiences, Felix M'Donogh, London, Panoramas, Waterloo (1816). Bookmark the permalink. | 2019-04-18T22:33:03 | http://picturegoing.com/?p=4372 |
0.999205 | Why did the cop not pull me over for speeding?
So I was going home at night, there were barely any cars. I believe I was going 10mph over the speed limit, a cop car next to me (which I thought wasn’t a cop) gave me, what I believe a warning siren screech. So I slowed down and came to a red light, he merged to the lane behind me and waited. It was taking a while... show more So I was going home at night, there were barely any cars. I believe I was going 10mph over the speed limit, a cop car next to me (which I thought wasn’t a cop) gave me, what I believe a warning siren screech. So I slowed down and came to a red light, he merged to the lane behind me and waited. It was taking a while for the light to turn green so the cop just went away. I know cops can check your license plate and see if you have a questionable background. In my case I have no charges, what so ever. So long story short can he still give me a citation without pulling me over?
It sounds as if he didn't see your actions as actually dangerous. When you slowed down after he got your attention, and didn't do anything else wrong, he didn't feel it was necessary to actually pull you over and create paperwork for himself.
Does it matter? The cop gave you a break.
Yes but chances are that you won't be getting one. Your first assessment was likely the correct one, the cop just gave you a warning blast from his siren to get you to slow down.
1. Yes he could, will he? Nope or he would have.
2. He may be going to something worse.
3. He might be on Lunch.
4. He may have finished his shift, Heading home.
5. Your excessive speed, just might be OKAY for the time, weather, and road conditions.
6. He might be a friend of yours.
7. He could be in a good mood.
Perhaps he thought a warning was quite enough for only 10mph over the limit, most cops will give you a bit of leeway unless you are doing something really dangerous like 20mph over the limit. You got lucky.
So I was going home at night, there were barely any cars. I believe I was going 10mph over the speed limit, a cop car next to me (which I thought wasn’t a cop) gave me, what I believe a warning siren screech. So I slowed down and came to a red light, he merged to the lane behind me and waited. It was taking a while for the light to turn green so the cop just went away. I know cops can check your license plate and see if you have a questionable background. In my case I have no charges, what so ever. So long story short can he still give me a citation without pulling me over?
Can you operate a firearm while stoned on weed?
Will the 2 Cops in Connecticut who shot up an unarmed couple in car seconds after jumping out of their police vehicles get disciplined?
I am 20 and my girlfriend is 16 i was just minding my own business and i had gasoline pour all over me and i was set on fire, file a lawsuit? | 2019-04-21T04:35:18 | https://au.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20190325042229AAgfo47 |
0.999991 | Can I use dual boot in my Android mobile phone?
I want to know is there any boot loader modifying tool for android so that I can use my cell as dual boot. Like Symbian- Android, Android - Windows Mobile, Android - Java, Android - Bada.
I'm not sure we have the relevant expertise. Getting WP7 (for example) to run on an Android device would require just as much WP7 knowledge as Android knowledge, I would think.
Lie's answer does answer the question, but is it useful? A specific answer for a specific device would be useful, but most of the time the answer will be "No, no one's figured out how to do this on that phone. As far as I know."
It's a real question. There are valid reasons for wanting to do this.
It's at least partly on-topic. We deal with Android as hardware, not just the Android OS. We've had some relatively decent questions about Ubuntu Linux on Android devices.
It's constructive. Well, the current version of the question isn't, but as noted it could be rewritten.
We create a CW question to cover this, the converse of Can I install Android on my non-Android device? — "Can I install a different OS on my Android device?" Dual booting specifically could be covered in this or possibly another CW question.
Does anyone have thoughts on these ideas or any other ideas?
I'm really of two minds on these kinds of questions. On the one hand, I can understand their basis as an "Android question" in that we do handle hardware stuff on a regular basis here. From that standpoint, I think a canonical CW question is probably a good idea since the answer to the vast majority of these questions is "Sorry, nobody's done this yet." This is especially true of OSes like Windows Phone and iOS which are not open source, and thus cannot be easily ported.
On the other hand, completely honestly, I think these questions are off-topic. They're not Android questions, and I don't personally consider them Android hardware questions either because they don't involve using the hardware while running Android. These are WP or iOS or whatever else questions because they are questions about how to port these OSes to hardware that happens to be designed to run Android. I think the Ubuntu et al questions we've had are very different because they all (so far) involve running Ubuntu in a chroot environment within the Android userspace. However, a question along the lines of "Can I run Ubuntu natively on X device?" would be off-topic to me. Extending that logic, emulating the OS or apps in question would be on-topic.
However, some of this also depends on where we're drawing the line on hardware questions. In the past we've accepted things like "What is this sticker on my battery?" which I would have considered off-topic myself. If we're going to allow questions about Android hardware then I think we pretty much have to accept these OS porting and dual booting questions in some capacity.
Well, you know, there are such things as on-topic questions that no one can answer.
Or, more accurately, the person who can answer just hasn't visited the site.
A well-written question with the right keywords will certainly draw websearch traffic, so it's only a matter of time until we get an answer (we hope).
On the other hand, dozens of "how do I install OS (x) on device (y)" won't be helpful. A canonical question to trap them all would be good.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged discussion scope question-appropriateness . | 2019-04-22T08:31:31 | https://android.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/892/what-should-we-do-about-questions-involving-other-operating-systems-on-android-h |
0.998383 | Does the Q68 have any ethernet access? Or is anyone looking at providing ethernet access?
No ethernet access yet, there aren't currently any drivers for the network adapter.
I'm not sure if anyone is currently working on this, but it would be really cool to get the Q68 online!
definitively Tcp/ip drivers for Q68 are a must for Q68 (also Qx0) even if I hardly believe one of our guru could find the time to develop them.
robheaton wrote: No ethernet access yet, there aren't currently any drivers for the network adapter.
dex wrote: What ethernet controller does Q68 use?
duncan wrote: Back in 2006 Jonathon Dent was working on a TCP/IP internet connection package. I had a version, as did others to test called soQL3_1.zip. At that time the only way to connect a hardware QL to the internet was through the serial port. Does anyone know what happened to that?
I did ask Jonathan Dent if he could implement soQL on the Q60, which he said could be easily. But the implementation never really got off the ground.
I will have look at what was sent to me and all the correspondence.
If the TCP/IP stack was written or use of on chip solution. What applications are available?
Applications required are: graphical browser, email client.
Email: Maybe Qbox or Pbox BBS software be used sent emails, but the is no HTML support.
Could the soQL allow file transfer between PC / Q68?
soQL could be used on the Q68 Serial port. I will have a look at this in due course to see if the current soQL package can be implemented. There is some source code in the soQL package, maybe could be another Github project.
SERnet can be used to connect the Q68 to a QPC2 runnng QPC2, at 115200 Baud, which is faster than the QL Network. Connection to the Windows filesystem can be obtained by using the DOS device.
Typing DIR "s1_dos1_" will give a directory listing of the Windows directory defined by DOS1_ in QPC2.
Or are you thinking of a Q68 SMSQ/E transfer to Windows?
Derek_Stewart wrote: Or are you thinking of a Q68 SMSQ/E transfer to Windows?
Currently one of the main problems I have found with the Q68 is getting files to and from a source (like my PC.) Any file transfer system which is basically reliable will do. I really didn't want to have to install a serial card into my PC for Kermit to use, and then there is the problem of getting kermit onto the Q68.
Perhaps there are established methods of getting files onto and off the Q68. As I am a, fairly, new user I do not know them. | 2019-04-19T18:28:33 | https://qlforum.co.uk/viewtopic.php?t=2662 |
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0.928581 | What is Foreclosure in Anchorage County, Alaska?
Foreclosure is the legal process by which the lender in a mortgage arrangement takes possession of the property (typically a house) that secured the loan. This is done when the Anchorage County, Alaska debtor has repeatedly failed to make their payments. Foreclosure typically requires the house to be sold at an auction. Typically, banks want to rid themselves of the property as soon as they can, in order to collect as much money as possible.
In all states in the United States, including Alaska, foreclosure by judicial sale is an option. This allows the sale to be conducted under the supervision of a court, to ensure that the bank makes a good faith effort to get a fair price, and that the proceeds above and beyond the balance of the mortgage (if there are any) go back to the debtor. In many states, original mortgages are considered non-recourse loans, meaning that if the house is foreclosed and sold for less than the debtor owes, the bank cannot go after the debtor for the remainder. You should consult with an attorney in Anchorage County, Alaska to see if this is the case. However, this typically doesn't apply if the mortgage has been refinanced.
First and foremost, you should not ignore the possibility of foreclosure. Failing to respond to collection calls from your lender will not make the problem go away. As unpleasant as this might seem, you should stay in contact with your creditor, and be forthright with them. One should remember that banks usually don't want to take your house in Anchorage County. They issued your mortgage expecting to earn a profit on the interest. Taking possession of, and selling, your house is a last resort for them. Therefore, if you are forthright with them about your financial situation, they are likely to make reasonable accommodations to prevent you from defaulting.
How Can A Anchorage County, Alaska Attorney Help?
If you are facing foreclosure, a good Anchorage County, Alaska real estate attorney can help. While keeping your home might not always be possible, a lawyer can increase your odds of success, and help you minimize the negative impact if you do end up losing your home. | 2019-04-18T16:22:17 | https://bankruptcyattorneys.legalmatch.com/AK/Anchorage-County/foreclosure-lawyers.html |
0.999999 | "It really could have gone either ways. I go for holidays proud of the things that I'm doing." .
Arriving at the gates on Friday morning, he said: "Rafael Nadal". "I deserved it, too".
The first semifinal at Centre Court, between No. 8 seed Kevin Anderson of South Africa and No. 9 John Isner of the US, features two powerful servers with similar games who have a lot less star power and considerably fewer Grand Slam trophies, to say the least: The Nadal-Djokovic combined count is 29, including five at Wimbledon. It's been a roller-coaster for him in the last couple of rounds but he had a day off and that means a lot. "I wish I had one", Djokovic said.
And another all-time great awaits him on Sunday in either Nadal or Djokovic.
Nadal was flagging, though, and it told in the 18th game of a 91-minute final set.
"It's hard to pick the words", said Djokovic, who has won his past eight five-setters at Wimbledon.
By the latter stages, with break chances so rare, murmurs would spread through the Centre Court stands whenever a game's returner just got to love-15 or love-30.
The American's serving stats were highly impressive, as he put 73 percent of his first serves in play and won 90 percent of those points.
Wimbledon doesn't use tiebreakers in the fifth set for men, or third set for women, so there's nothing to prevent a match from going on and on and on - and that's precisely what Isner and Anderson did, often thanks to one ho-hum hold after another.
Novak Djokovic has reached his first Wimbledon final since 2015 courtesy of a five-set win over Rafael Nadal in the semi-finals of the famous competition. The other instance was in 2001. That one took three days to complete and officially lasted 11 hours 5 minutes.
The match is being played with the Centre Court roof closed - the same conditions that the first three sets were played under.
The final set of a men's singles match at Wimbledon is traditionally decided by a difference of two games, like at the Australian Open and French Open.
After being kept on the run for six hours and 36 minutes, the longest ever singles semi-final at the All England Club, how the 32-year-old was still standing was anyone's guess.
Djokovic was cursing himself for missing a return as the clock ticked to 11pm but on the final lung-busting rally, it was Nadal who faltered first. "Both of us deserve it", Nadal said wearily. Djokovic retired in that match because of a toe blister.
Djokovic increased his all-time lead over Nadal to 27-25 and took a 2-1 edge in five-set matches between the two.
It was one of three successful drop shots from the Spaniard in the tiebreaker alone, but Djokovic answered with one of his own to save the second set point at 7-6.
He also improved to third all-time with his 13th career victory against a player ranked No. 1 since the world rankings were introduced in 1973. Nadal now holds the first rank in men's singles. | 2019-04-25T00:05:34 | http://ofopinions.com/2018/07/18/anderson-sympathises-with-isner-after-marathon-clash.html |
0.999987 | Could Lightbringer be the Night's Watch?
One of the biggest guessing games for readers is trying to figure out what "weapon" will end up being Lightbringer. The Azor Ahai prophecy refers to Lightbringer as the "red sword of heroes." And we have no shortage of impressive/seemingly important swords, including Dawn, Longclaw and Oathkeeper.
But what if Lightbringer isn't a literal sword at all?
Depending on whether you believe AA is Jon or Dany, other parts of the prophecy haven't unfolded literally.
The red meteor isn't literally a "bleeding star," Dany wasn't literally "reborn" in Drogo's funeral pyre, Jon's wound wasn't literally smoking, etc.
Many of the prophecies, including Quaithe's and the Ghost of High Heart's, deal heavily with symbolism. The only prophecy I can think of that has unfolded more or less literally is Maggy's prophecy to Cersei. Given this, why should we assume that Lightbringer, if and when it appears, will be an actual sword? We already have one fake Lightbringer that's an actual sword. Might that be a cheeky way of showing that not only is Stannis not AA, but Melisandre (who's been wrong before) is also wrong to claim that it's a physical sword?
I'm starting to think of "sword" as an interchangeable term for a "weapon." A fighting force can be a weapon. A "red sword" need only mean a weapon/force that's seen and survived combat.
Night gathers, and now my watch begins. It shall not end until my death. I shall take no wife, hold no lands, father no children. I shall wear no crowns and win no glory. I shall live and die at my post. I am the sword in the darkness. I am the watcher on the walls. I am the fire that burns against the cold, the light that brings the dawn, the horn that wakes the sleepers, the shield that guards the realms of men. I pledge my life and honor to the Night's Watch, for this night and all nights to come.
Here we have an oath that uses a sword as the metaphor for the Night's Watch. Lightbringer is supposed to give off heat; the Night's Watch burns against the cold. It is the "light that brings the dawn." The original defeat of the Others is called the Battle for the Dawn. Could this mean that Lightbringer has been staring us in the face practically the entire time? I think it might.
The Azor Ahai legend and the origin of the Night's Watch are, we're led to believe, roughly contemporary. Azor Ahai's legend has to do with defeating the Others, which is also the Night's Watch's mission. As such, the AA legend and the Night's Watch are inexorably linked. The "wielder of Lightbringer" might simply mean the person who commands the Night's Watch. For all we know, AA might himself have been the founding Lord Commander.
It also occurred to me that AA's sacrifice of Nissa Nissa might somehow tie into the Night's Watch promise to not take wives. We understand that promise to simply be putting duty before familial loyalty, but what if there's more to it? If AA did sacrifice Nissa Nissa to "forge" Lightbringer, and the Night's Watch is itself Lightbringer, then the rule against taking wives literally goes back to the first days of the Watch and has a deep symbolic meaning beyond just utility.
So that's my idea. I've seen other people make the same point, and I've long suspected that the parade of awesome swords is really just a sleight of hand, getting people to look off in Direction A to find Lightbringer when it's been in Direction B all along.
This is a really lovely theory. It makes an awful lot of sense too. By the way, could Nissa Nissa have been used in the bloodmagic that went into the making of the Wall itself?
Very well could be. The Age of Heroes and especially the history of the Wall seem to be quite murky, so anything really could be the case. I think the important thing is to not take the story — either its origins or its prophecy — literally.
I couldn't agree more. I think Melisandre's greatest mistake is for taking the prophecies too literally and it's going to get her and Stannis into a lot of trouble. Anyway, I really like your theory, it fits in so neatly with everything and I love how you connected the NW oath to the prophecy.
I think Melisandre's greatest mistake is for taking the prophecies too literally and it's going to get her and Stannis into a lot of trouble.
Agreed, but I think it's already gotten them into a lot of trouble. Even if he's not dead, Stannis doesn't seem to be in the best of ways right now, and Mel doesn't seem to know what's going on.
This is definitely very interesting. There was something that appeared on another thread about blood sacrifices that went into building the Wall, and that post said that once/if the Wall comes down, those who had been sacrificed would rise again, etc. So, running with that and this, could Nissa Nissa could be one of those?
And the NW being "the horn that wakes the sleepers" will do just that, literally. Horn of Winter?
Also, I don't recall this, is there any mention regarding the 'where and when' of the whole AA/Nissa Nissa/Lightbringer business?
Apple Martini: The NW as Lightbringer seems to be a compelling idea when you look at the vow.
1) The NW isn't what it was anymore, it degraded to a rather useless bunch of criminals and low life, just when AA (or the LC) would need it at the utmost strength to fight the supernatural threat of the Others. So you could probably say that if the NW is Lightbringer, it's about time to sharpen that sword. And there are no indications whatsoever that's gonna happen.
2) The NW just killed their second LC in a row. This point is certainly connected to the first one, since they seem to think that they're not bound to obey their LC whenever they think he doesn't act the way they want him too. So how could the LC (AA) wield this weapon when it's shown to be rather unwilling?
3) The NW doesn't seem to care too much about the threat of the Others, they seem more concerned with the Wildlings and with the politics of the Realm (and that they're not party to it whichh is ridiculous when they're drawn into it whether they will it or not). They all but forgot the true meaning of their vow. There's this scene in ADWD where Jon recites the vow and argues against the very narrow interpretation of the NW raison d'etre against Bowen Marsh.
4) The NW don't know how to fight the Others. This really connects again to the third point. They are ignorant and they also don't learn.
So, taken all that into account I think - if the NW is lightbringer, then Westeros is doomed and the Others can already prepare for their victory.
To kind of wrap everything up in one package, I'll just say that the series isn't over yet and it's possible that the Night's Watch might surprise you. Kind of a pat answer, I know, but I don't think it's fair to make a judgment call when the most critical part of the story is still to come. There's no way to predict what the implications will be after the, uh, incident in ADWD, and depending on the aftermath of that, the Night's Watch might look very different. I'll also suggest that given what's happened, there's nowhere for the Night's Watch to go now but up — they've already hit rock bottom. Remember that it took AA three tries to get Lightbringer "right." So it stands to reason that Lightbringer, in whatever modern shape that it takes, won't be "perfect" out of the gate.
It's also possible that Lightbringer is symbolic in a normative sense, and that the Night's Watch must remember its purpose before it can truly become Lightbringer. In that case, it'd be about the Watch fulfilling its potential. Being Lightbringer isn't just about what something is, it's also about what it does.
Yes, I agree. I’ll add that it would make sense to hit rock bottom at this stage in order to rise again. To use a pop culture example, it’s similar to Star Wars in the sense that the middle of the story - The Empire Strikes Back, and here AFfC and ADwD – is the moment when characters are faced with the direst situations. And that this serves a purpose: it’s the moment when they will learn and grow in order to be able to deal with the threats in the next instalment.
Well I'd like to see Bowen Marsh on fire.
I really like your ideas, Applemartini. When reading Ghost Rider's post, a small alteration came to my mind though: what if the NW is not LB, but AA (and the Wall then LB)? Then, its "rebirth" to former glory would still be ahead...at least maybe this could explain the huge difference between their current situation and the hypothetical glorious former state.
Since stabbing your LC(s) probably doesn’t qualify as ‘being true’, could this have an impact on how the Others become able to come south of the Wall?
I really like your interpretation of lightbringer. And I hope it will turn out to be true. Good work!
Your theory is very interesting. There are a few things that I have trouble with for it to fit but I will let it rest for the moment, and try to find the aspects that make it work first!
Maybe it will take three attempts to forge this lightbringer too.
I would say Jon have had one try so far, do you think he will get back on his feet and try again, and then again? Or do you think that the AAR is anyone who gets command when Jon is incapacitated and they get the second try?
Jon was the 998 LC, so the LC that steps in at this point trying to salvage the NW will most likely fail given how things stand at the Wall. Whoever takes command after that will be the 1000 LC, and it could result in the third try to shape up the NW.
His vision of himself armored in ice and wielding a red sword would point to this (I had always considered that a bit of a red herring to be honest).
Of course that LC could be Cotter Pyke, Stannis or Patchface for all I know... That would just... urk. Please no one mention Melisandre in this context, that would be the worst of all.
Was not part of the AAR prophecy also that the one who pulls Lightbringer from the fire is the one who is the AAR? I wonder what fire that may be. I remember that the CotF (and/or Coldhands) said to Bran that the wights find them if they light fires. This could of course mean just that they see the smoke of the pyre and go there, but it could also mean something else. Like a heat detector sense. To pull the NW from the warmth of the castles at the Wall could be an interpretation, meaning they must go north and find the enemy.
Oh also ditch Melisandre and her fire-obsession.
I have a question... Is there any mention to what happened to the original Lightbringer? I've been looking for info on this but I can't find much. I've found sources placing Azor Ahai 8,000 and 5,000 years before Aegon's Landing; either way, it was thousands of years before AL. Still, isn't it possible that the actual sword is still around?
Does anyone know if that's an actual quote?
It is a quote, just found it. ACoK, chapter 10, Davos. It's Melisandre speaking.
What if the symbolism goes all the way back to the beginning, and it's always been the Night's Watch, and was never a sword at all?
Very intersting... The timeline fits. The quote in my previous post is something Melisandre said, so I think it has to be taken with a pinch of salt. I'm searching for other references to Lightbringer and AA.
i like this theory a lot!!! especially considering the oath of the NW.
Can't edit previous post, sorry. But this idea fits quite well with the bit up thread where Bran remembers what Old Nan told him about the Wall and the NW.
I've been thinking about this, and I've remembered maester Aemon questioning Stannis' sword being Lightbringer because there is no heat. This made me think about his knowledge of this prophecy coming from, among other things, the Citadel. And I think this might just be one of the most important things we will learn from Samwell's POVs in the next books. | 2019-04-26T14:15:59 | https://asoiaf.westeros.org/index.php?/topic/59078-could-lightbringer-be-the-nights-watch/&do=findComment&comment=2788966 |
0.998736 | As bank customers increasingly conduct transactions online, the number of bank branches is expected to decline, which should limit employment growth in this sector. You can choose whether to allow people to download your original PowerPoint presentations and photo slideshows for a fee or free or not at all. Therefore, the value of a derivative security is derived from the value of an underlying real asset or other security A corporation that sells shares in the fund and uses the proceeds to buy stocks, long-term bonds, or short-term debt instruments. Along with the other duties, all financial managers are responsible for unique tasks specific to their industry. Senior executives understand that adverse legislation can cripple productivity, a prelude to financial losses later on down the road. Certain managers transfer to new firms and assume positions similar to their previous ones; while managers with pervasive experience money and experience can start their own consulting firms. Graduates from these programs will develop analytical skills, understand financial analysis methods, and learn about new technology.
How can managers make choices that add value to their companies? It depends on the countrys economic, political, and social environment. Fosters and promotes the welfare of the job seekers, wage earners, and retirees of the United States. Department of Labor oversight improves working conditions, advances opportunities for profitable employment, and protects retirement and health care benefits. They must understand changes in federal and state laws, new and complex financial innovations, and the complexity of global trade. Financial managers must also be informed about special tax laws and regulations affecting their organization. Operating expenses are estimated by collecting data, especially data on patient volume, patient acuity, and required staffing and supply levels for providing care. Complete financial statements include a balance sheet, a statement of income, a statement of cash flows and a statement of retained earnings.
Explain the economic role of brokers, dealers, and investment bankers. Protect investors; maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets; and facilitate capital formation. Financial managers work closely with top managers and with departments that develop the data that financial managers need. They produce financial reports, direct investment activities, and develop strategies and plans for the long-term financial goals of their organization. The Objectives of profit maximization that financial management should ensure that the profit of the firm are maximized. Advances knowledge for agriculture, the environment, human health and well-being, and communities by supporting research, education, and extension programs in the Land-Grant University System and other partner organizations. Claims whose value depends on what happens to the value of some other asset.
These managers authorize loan requests, invest capital, and generate additional business while obeying federal and state laws and regulations. The Origin of Finance The discipline of finance originated from accounting and economics. An independent agency created by Congress that recognizes the importance of financial education, particularly for people with little or no banking experience. A financial management specialist also may analyze operating data and business performance to recommend investment ideas to a firm's senior management. Experienced candidates may have an advantage over candidates with more formal education for some positions, for example, potential bank branch managers.
The laws and rules that govern the securities industry in the United States derive from a simple and straightforward concept: all investors, whether large institutions or private individuals, should have access to certain basic facts about an investment before buying it, and so long as they hold it. Required Return — return necessary to induce an individual to make an investment 2. International Financial Management came into being when the countries of the world started opening their doors for each other. The service offers information on financial security, farm financial management, and environmental and resource economics. They also develop financial plans for mergers two companies joining together and acquisitions one company buying another. Financial managers need to remain updated on computer technology to improve financial operation efficiency. In subsequent transactions of the claims secondary markets , they serve as market makers, providing liquidity, price discovery, and other information processing functions.
From 2016 to 2026, employment of financial managers is projected to grow 14 percent in this industry. The largest employers of financial managers were as follows: Finance and insurance 29% Professional, scientific, and technical services 12 Management of companies and enterprises 11 Government 7 Manufacturing 7 Financial managers work closely with top executives and with departments that develop the data financial managers need. The Women's Institute for Financial Education is the oldest nonprofit organization dedicated to providing financial education to women in their quest for financial independence. CareerOneStop CareerOneStop includes hundreds of with data available by state and metro area. It may also discuss the major industries that employed the occupation.
They assess the performance of stocks, bonds, and other types of investments. Work Environment Financial managers work in cozy offices near senior management, have direct access to the best computer systems, and work directly with divisions that compute the financial information necessary for these managers to perform their duties. There are links in the left-hand side menu to compare occupational employment by state and occupational wages by local area or metro area. The major economic role of brokers, dealers, and investment bankers is that of market maker in the direct financial markets. Education A bachelor's degree in finance, accounting, economics, or business administration is often the minimum education needed for financial managers.
This is expected to lead to employment growth for risk managers. CareerOneStop CareerOneStop includes hundreds of with data available by state and metro area. Services provided by financial managers, such as planning, directing, and coordinating investments, are likely to stay in demand as the economy grows. Investment decision it means to determination of the amount of funds to be invested on fixed assets and on current assets. Financial managers render more data analysis and discuss their ideas for increasing revenue with senior management. Dedicated to fostering fair and honest relationships between businesses and consumers, instilling consumer confidence, and contributing to an ethical business environment. Corporate Finance Functions A corporate finance specialist studies a company's financial statements, compares historical and current data, detects business trends and then recommends adequate financing sources to corporate leaders. | 2019-04-22T23:02:03 | http://midiaindoor.com/financial-environment-in-financial-management.html |
0.998923 | At what point does the famed twin bond kick in? Because I've heard a lot about it, and I've watched and waited with Miss2 and Mstr2.
9am they wake up (sorry, had to rub that whole 9AM thing in, again). I am usually alerted by Miss2 yelling "bad...bad" at her brother. Kind of a muffled reprimanding, as she's saying it through at least 2 dummy's shoved in her mouth. This is because she took a liking to the dummy at the age of 1 and a bit, in order to give her brother the shits. He is very much attached to his one single dummy (one that is no longer manufactured - so when I say ONE SINGLE DUMMY, I really mean ONE SINGLE DUMMY - if it is ever lost or broken, I'm moving out). She likes to flaunt her multiple selection of pacifiers at him at every opportunity. Literally, from the moment they wake up.
Since Miss2 doesn't suffer from Dummy Discrimination like her brother does, she will gladly hoard any dummy she can get her hands on. Often those I'm not sure belong to our household. She especially covets her brothers - like I said, to give him the shits. If she manages to get his, he goes postal on her. I'm talking one of Mstr2's infamous full-blown girly-man tanties. Complete with flapping arms, bouncing on tippy toes, glowing red head and sound barrier shattering screaching. Even after I return THE beloved dummy to him, his indignation lasts for a good 30 minutes. I know this, because I have timed it. Probably should've intervened earlier, or perhaps tried to placate and console him rather than timing it. But anyway.
So breakfast (like all other meals) goes with the twins covertly snatching their preferred food from the selection on the other twin's plate - before even consuming their own identical meal. It's like a combat zone. The least favoured food is lined up on the outside of the plate, guarding the prized favourite in the middle. Miss2 is a pro with a fork, and will spear your hand if you get in the way of her and...well, actually, any food at all. Mstr2 just has a complete fit if you covet his banana. And that's not speaking metaphorically.
Miss2 then rules the toy room. I call it that because it's covered in a mess of toys. It's not technically a toy room, but I never get around to cleaning the toys out of it, so therefore it is a justified mess by labelling it a toy room. She rules ALL toys like a true tyrant - through fear and intimidation - stalking around the room in a circle yelling random words at whichever toy looks like it's about to make a bid for freedom.
Mstr2 sits in the corner, back to the wall (smart little dude, it's where I'd be too), rocking back and forth and frowning fretfully at her. As soon as she settles down to torture/play with any given toy - he is there. He catapults out of the corner like a missile and snatches her toy. A bit of chasey ensues until one or both trip over themselves (they inherited Mummy's co-ordination). Then there's a bit of wrestling that would surely get them a gig with the WWE / WWF / WCW / WWWhatevertheycallthemselvesthesedays. Miss2 is a body slammer, and Mstr2 is a scratcher and elbower.
Eventually Miss2 wins, and runs off with an evil and victorious "ha ha ha". Mstr2 lets rip with a wailing semi-tanty. It's only a semi-tanty because he's eyeing the room at the same time, looking for back up from Me or Miss5 (in her Miss25 way she usually likes to step in and berate them both in a manner I'm assuming mimicks her Teacher - because it's way too calm and nice to be copying my discipline style). Failing back up, he looks for any of Miss2's favoured toys to kidnap and hold for ransom.
This goes on all day. Every day. There is very little love - lost or shared - between these two. On the very odd occasion they forget they are siblings, they will share a giggle over some private joke. Usually when they're drawing over something of mine.
In fact, the only time they normally come together with a show of twin unity / twin power - is when they launch an attack on Miss5. They usually corner her on the trampoline. I'm a vigilant parent who has one of those trampolines with the netting around it - because I can guarantee I'll forget they're on something that could potentially hurt them, and will walk away to answer the phone, read the paper, check the internet...so the netting is like my parental back up.
So while one twin is blocking the exit from the netting, the other goes in for the kill with a quick elbow as they bounce close to her, or a scratch, or yanking out a few strands of hair. Then, when they get her on the floor of the trampoline, they go for the kill with a bit of double-bouncing, and the odd "misplaced" foot bouncing too close and actually touching her (and I do mean JUST touching her. She goes nuts more when they only lightly touch her than if they are full blown attacking her. No idea why. Think it's the disgusted Miss25 in her that is outraged they would dare to touch her).
I do step in, but I have to admit - it does tug at the heart strings to see them working together. To hear them laughing in shared delight. But Miss5's screaming and wailing drowns that out eventually, and I have to make it stop before someone draws blood.
Lunch time, afternoon - exactly the same as the morning.
Bath time and it's kind of a 'survival of the fittest' situation. Miss2 lays down to splash, and Mstr2 bunches up in the corner "ergh...ergh...ergh"ing at her. They can no longer have toys in the bath, as they were bashing each other with them, and I swear I caught Miss2 trying to drown Mstr2 by pouring water all over his face with any toy that would hold water. But he was mid-tanty, and I totally get that she just wanted the noise to stop.
Nap time and they throw everything in their cots at each other. Miss2 has almost worked out how to pull her mattress up and throw that at him. She is, no doubt, strong enough to throw it too.
And so on and so on when they wake up, until they go to bed.
Is the twin bond real? And when will it bloody well kick in?!
I am trying not to laugh out loud but I am! You are just too funny! I have heard about these special twin bond things coz my ex colleagues were identical twins and they wer FREAKY! | 2019-04-18T17:12:01 | http://www.parentalparody.com/2011/02/that-special-twin-bond.html |
0.999997 | The fourth season of Downton Abbey doesn't premiere in the US until January, but with the finale already airing yesterday in the UK, the shows has already been renewed for another series set within the spooky Yorkshire country house haunted by Maggie Smith and her hats.
The season four finale last night earning year-high drama ratings in its native home, sparking the long-expected response from ITV, officially declaring a fifth season to eventually follow the annual Christmas special that, naturally, won't be airing on PBS until the holiday season of late February.
"Audiences have enjoyed their regular Sunday evening visits back to Downton once again this autumn, and we are thrilled to produce a new series of the show next year," said executive producer Gareth Neame in a statement. "We promise all the usual highs and lows, romance, drama and comedy played out by some of the most iconic characters on television. All the actors and makers of the show continue to be humbled by the extraordinary audience response and want to take the show from strength to strength next year."
As is typical of the UK's upstairs-downstairs formula, it's expected that the fifth series will be the one that sees the ruling and servile classes finally come together in a gruesome vision of Cronenbergian body horror.
\n\nThe fourth season of Downton Abbey doesn't premiere in the US until January, but with the finale already airing yesterday in the UK, the shows has already been renewed for another series set within the spooky Yorkshire country house haunted by Maggie Smith and her hats. | 2019-04-26T13:55:14 | https://iwatchstuff.com/2013/11/downton-abbey-to-spend-another-season-in.php |
0.999722 | What qualifies as a piece of art? Artists have been trying to answer this and similar questions for centuries, each with an answer as elaborate as the next. One particular question posed by French artist Marcel Duchamp in the 1910s has been a source of great debate: Does an artwork have to be made by an artist?
Although this question may sound simple at its face, it was a hot topic in the art world for decades. The time in which Duchamp posed the query was the era when industrial mass-production was beginning to replace manual manufacturing. So, in 1917, when Duchamp decided to exhibit a piece titled “Fountain,” which was a toilet bowl that he had signed, the art world went into a frenzy, as people started to question what actually made art, art. Did a piece have to actually be made by an artist, or could new value be found within something that’s already been made?
In celebration of its fifth year, Museum SAN in Wonju, Gangwon, is presenting two exhibitions that stand on opposite ends of an artistic spectrum. While one exhibit features sculptures made by contemporary Korean artists, another taking place next door features works that have been created for a purpose, but are presented in a different light by people.
While “Art of Everyday: Object” displays items that have been given a new meaning from their original purpose through creative minds, the “Looking into Korean Art, Part 3 - Sculpture” exhibits works that have been carved and shaped by professional artists who have influenced the modern Korean art scene. Inside one exhibit stands works created by the hands of artists, while in the other, objects that were already made are reimagined.
Having taken a friendly and light approach to the idea of art with familiar things that we see in our bedrooms and living rooms, a totally different air of tranquility overtakes the visitors inside the sculpture exhibition. Featuring sculptures by 16 renowned artists from the local modern art scene, the exhibit takes on a deep and profound ambience that leaves visitors awestruck.
Terracotta bust “Sochunh” by Kwon Jin Kyu, Kim Yun-shin’s wooden work “Divided into Two, Dividing One,” a stone and steel tower named “Accumulation” by Park Suk-won and a welded steel work by John Pai dubbed “Convolution” are some of works that visitors can see. Each sculptor shows off their own creativity with various materials such as stone, wood and metal. Although most of the forms do not directly resemble an object, visitors can see how abstract ideas can be expressed onto real materials after reading the provided guide books and explanations.
“Inside the broad category of sculpture are installations and objects displayed at the other exhibition. By taking a look at both exhibitions, viewers will be able to take a step closer to the world of three-dimensional art,” said curator Noh.
Both exhibits will be held until Sept. 2. For more information, visit www.museumsan.org. | 2019-04-24T08:22:17 | http://mengnews.joins.com/amparticle/3046926 |
0.999949 | Using information from the article by Wright et al., describe the major issues, themes, needs, and challenges that biracial individuals face.
- Identify effective interventions for biracial individuals in the workplace.
- Describe how biracial individuals are similar to and different from other groups.
- Describe what current researchers say about these issues.
- Apply your findings to how these issues and ideas support cultural sensitivity and positive interactions in the workplace.
- Discuss how these findings promote fair and equal treatment and consideration for the biracial individual.
- Further, you may address the issue of the term "biracial" in your response.
What does biracial mean in today's society? Some would define biracial as the mixing of a whites and blacks, others would say it is someone who posses' genes from several different cultures, still others would say it is anyone born with different genes other then European. Over the last decade America has seen more and more blending of cultures leading to either acceptance of biracial individuals or further discrimination.
This solution clearly describes the major issues, themes, needs, and challenges that biracial individuals face. | 2019-04-20T22:18:46 | https://brainmass.com/education/sociology-of-education/biracial-perspectives-400423 |
0.999922 | Using a piece of paper and a pen, make dots that represent the random nature of x-ray photons exposing a surface like in an image. This is an example of how visual noise in an image is formed.
Think of some common events that might occur randomly with time (telephone calls, rain, etc). This is an example of how radiation events, such as the emission of radiation from a radioactive source occurs.
Let's think of a radioactive source that is emitting an average of 100 photons each second. Describe the actual number of photons that you would expect to be emitted in each one-second interval over a 10-second period. There is no way to know the actual number in each but use your knowledge of the statistical distribution to produce reasonable estimates.
Now, draw a simple graph showing the general distribution of how many times you would expect to have the different number of photons in many one-second intervals. This is to demonstrate the frequency that the different numbers of photons, like 98, 86, 100, 55, etc would be expected to occur.
Describe the general characteristics of a Gaussian statistical distribution and how the standard deviation (SD) applies to it. Think of some things in medicine and biology that probably follow a Gaussian distribution.
If we are counting radiation photons from a radioactive source to measure its activity, it appears that we will get a different number each time we count (measure) because of the normal statistical distribution. Let's assume that for our example being used here, the average or mean of 100 photons per second is an indication of the true activity. Calculate the errors (% of true value) if you observe each of the following for several one-second measurements: 95 counts, 80 counts, 75 counts.
That was easy, but the problem in the real world is if we make just one measurement (lets say we get 85 counts) we cannot calculate the error because we do not know what the mean values is, that would take many measurements to determine.
1. What is the probability (% chance) that our one measurement value was within one (1) SD of the true value, or mean value if we made many measurements?
2. What range of measurement values, expressed in SDs, would we expect our one measured value to be included in 95% of the time?
3. What range of measurement values, expressed in SDs, would we expect our one measured value to be included in most (over 99%) of the time?
Describe the general relationship that is being observed here between error values and the probability of errors falling within certain ranges.
Describe the Poisson distribution characteristics applied to radiation events that relate the value of the SD to the mean value of many measurements if they were to be made.
Now describe the observed relationship between the number of photons in a measurement and the range in size of the expected error.
Determine the number of photons that must be collected in a measurement to have an error of not more than 1% at a 95% confidence level.
Consider a situation where on digital image is to be subtracted from another, as in DSA. Here we will consider one pixel in the images. The SD of the number of photons captured by a pixel is a general indication of the expected noise in the image.
Describe your observation on the effect of image subtraction on noise. | 2019-04-24T10:00:43 | http://sprawls.org/resources/STATISTICS/objectives.htm |
0.999079 | Gary Jules, born in Fresno California (50 years old) (born March 19 1969 as Gary Jules, born in Fresno California (50 years old) Aguirre Jr.) is an American singer-songwriter best known for his cover version of the Tears For Fears song Mad World which Gary recorded with friend Michael Andrews for the film Donnie Darko. It became the UK Christmas Number One single of 2003. Since then Jules' version has been used on many American TV shows such as CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and House as well as in a commercial for the video game Gears of War.
When is Gary Jules's birthday?
Gary Jules was born on the 19th of March 1969 , which was a Wednesday. Gary Jules will be turning 51 in only 334 days from today.
How old is Gary Jules?
Gary Jules is 50 years old. To be more precise, the current age as of right now is 18294 days, 16 hours, 1 minutes and 20 seconds.
What is Gary Jules's zodiac sign?
Gary Jules's zodiac sign is Pisces.
Where was Gary Jules born?
Gary Jules was born in Fresno California.
Is Gary Jules still alive?
Yes, Gary Jules is still alive. | 2019-04-20T23:14:20 | http://howold.co/gary-jules |
0.999491 | Why do you need a running coach?
One of the best things about running is that it's an individual sport. In general, you don't have to rely on anyone else to participate. You just lace up your shoes and go. But, really, is anything in life that simple?
Unfortunately, no. Even the most experienced runners could use a little help. Sometimes, you get injured. Sometimes, you lose focus and motivation. Sometimes, you want to improve but you just don't know how to get there. And searching the Internet just leaves you confused with differing information from people that don't know much more than you. So, now what?
1. Personalized Training Programs - A training program really doesn't have any value if it isn't designed specifically for the runner using it. A coach is going to design a program based on YOUR current fitness, which means it's going to take your health history, your injury history and your running experience into consideration. The program will also reflect your specific goals regarding training paces, race times, how much time you have before your race, and your own personal schedule. Plans that you find online are a good starting point, but they often are either too advanced, not advanced enough, too short, or just don't give you enough training. By having a personalized plan, you increase your chances of having a great training and racing experience while remaining healthy and injury free.
2. Constant Source of Motivation - A good coach isn't going to make you run at a level that isn't right for you. This will only produce a runner with low confidence because they can't get through their training runs! Not to mention the possibility of injury. A good coach is going to provide you with a plan that will challenge you to the point of accomplishment, not failure. The workouts may be hard, but you will always be able to do it. Besides, having to be accountable to someone other than yourself is a great source of motivation.
3. Your Own Personal Cheerleader - A good coach will always believe in their clients. If your coach doesn't tell you that you're doing a good job, that you CAN get through your training and/or race, you need to get a new coach.
4. Endless Information Available - Having a personal running coach is like having your own personal running encyclopedia at your side at all times. Coaches go through extensive training to become certified, in addition to the years of experience being an actual runner. Coaches will provide you with the practical information that will keep you healthy and injury free as well as the personal experience you can't get from a Google search.
5. Injury Prevention - Injury prevention has been mentioned several times and we're only half-way through our list. A personal coach is going to design a plan that will minimize your risk for injury. Believe it or not, but there are actual reasons why you do specific mileage one week to the next. And most training plans you find online don't take that into consideration.
6. Your Own Personal Sounding Board - A good coach is going to listen to your ideas, thoughts, fears, hopes, and musings regarding your training program. If you want to try a certain sports drink, a coach will tell you what they think about how it will help you (or hurt you). If you want to try something new with your training program, a coach will work with you to reach your goals.
7. Your Running Toolbox - A coach is going to give you the tools necessary to improve your running. These could be physical tools, such as a speed workout specific to only your fitness or a long run based on your favorite running route. Or they could be mental tools, such as giving you the confidence you need to get through race day.
8. They Do The Thinking For You - A coach is going to figure out the who, what, where, when, and why you're running a particular distance or training pace. A coach is going to take the guess work out of when to do your 20-mile runs in your marathon training, or when to introduce speed work.
9. They Will Help You Discover New Things - These new things can be a new and different way to stretch or different strength training or cross training activities that will make you stronger. Or your coach will help you discover that you always had it in you to set and reach your goals. You just needed a push.
10. They Make Running Fun - Coaches often have little tricks and workouts you'll never find online. Coaches find ways to make your training program exciting, varied, and different from week to week. They'll take the workouts that have been the most successful, and fun, and put them together to make a plan that will keep you running! That is the point, right? | 2019-04-22T16:00:14 | http://www.monsterdirectory.info/why_you_need_a_coach.html |
0.999999 | UK requests short extension on Brexit, what happens next?
The UK has asked the EU for a delay to Brexit, what comes next?
The U.K. has delivered a letter to the European Union asking for a short extension to its departure from the bloc.
The EU has already flagged that the U.K. would have to have a good excuse for asking for a delay to its departure, due March 29.
Here's a quick guide to what could happen next.
As widely expected amid ongoing Brexit confusion and uncertainty, the U.K. has delivered a letter to the European Union asking for a short extension to its departure from the bloc.
In a short statement on Wednesday, EU Council President Donald Tusk said suchan extension was possible but would be conditional on a positive vote in the U.K. House of Commons.
The EU had already flagged that the U.K. would have to have a good excuse for asking for a delay to its departure, that was due March 29, and that it will not renegotiate the Brexit deal.
The U.K. has asked the EU for more time before it leaves the EU – which it was supposed to do on March 29. In a letter to Tusk, May sought a delay to Brexit until June 30 and said a longer delay was not in anyone's interests.
In a short statement on Wednesday, Tusk responded: ""In the light of the consultations that I have conducted over the past days, I believe that a short extension will be possible, but it will be conditional on a positive vote on the withdrawal agreement in the House of Commons."
Why did May ask for delay?
A delay has been requested because the British parliament has rejected U.K. Prime Minister Theresa May's twice - once in January and again earlier in March. The biggest problem the U.K. has over Brexit is that there is no consensus in Parliament (or indeed, among the public which remains divided over the referendum) over what the future relationship with the EU should look like.
As such, the Brexit deal failed to find support among Leavers and Remainers in Parliament alike. Brexiteers, or those who voted to leave the EU, dislike the Irish "backstop" part of the deal. The backstop plan is essentially a legally-binding insurance policy to ensure there is no hard border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.
This would keep the U.K. in a customs union with the EU if both sides fail to strike a trade deal in a post-Brexit transition period (one that only exists if there is a deal).
The EU tried to reassure the U.K. that this was only a last-resort but that failed to placate Brexiteers in Parliament, and the Northern Ireland's Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), which props up Theresa May's government.
The letter to Brussels comes ahead of a crucial EU summit on Thursday where the bloc's 27 leaders are expected to discuss the U.K.'s request. They all need to agree for an extension to be granted. Several EU leaders on Wednesday expressed their willingness to support an extension.
There is palpable frustration in Europe at Britain's lack of clarity over Brexit, however. European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker said Wednesday morning that it is "highly probable" that Britain will not leave the EU on March 29 and showed his frustration at the proceedings.
Speaking to Deutschlandfunk radio, he said, "When it comes to Brexit we're in God's hands. But even God has a limit to his patience." He reiterated that the EU won't renegotiate the Brexit deal.
In her letter to the EU Wednesday, U.K. Prime Minister Theresa May said she intended to bring her Brexit deal back to Parliament next week despite the Speaker of the House John Bercow, ruling Tuesday that the deal would have to be substantially changed in order for her to be able to put it to MPs for a third time. The government could now look for ways around that decision. It hopes that Brexiteers will be encouraged to vote for the deal this time if faced with a potentially long delay.
Frustration and disbelief at the uncertainty surrounding Brexit is not confined to the EU alone. Those closely following the latest twist in the long-running Brexit drama say it has reached tragic proportions.
"Even Shakespeare could not have imagined a bigger drama," Holger Schmieding, chief economist at Berenberg Bank said in a note Wednesday, adding that U.K. Brexiteers had once set out to "regain control" but had instead given the EU more leverage to control what happens next.
Will the EU agree to a delay?
In a short statement Wednesday the EU Council President Donald Tusk said a short extension was possible but was "conditional on a positive vote in the House of Commons."
Adding that the EU would not give up on apolitical solution "until the last moment," Tusk said he did not see any need at this point for an emergency EU summit but it was possible.
That followed comments from the EU's chief Brexit negotiator Michel Barnier who said Tuesday that Europe must protect itself when considering a Brexit extension. At the forefront of the EU's concerns is preventing any disruption to European parliamentary elections between May 23-26.
Berenberg's Schmieding said that the EU27 being "exasperated" with the U.K.'s dithering on Brexit was "understatement of the year." Still, the EU wants to avoid a "hard" Brexit (where no trade relationship with Britain is in place) and doesn't want to be blamed for causing a "no-deal" Brexit.
That means that the EU could either endorse the U.K.'s request for a delay in principle on Thursday, or that EU could ask the U.K. to specify by 28 or 29 March "whether it wants to use the delay simply to finalize and ratify one of the three easy Brexit options, namely May's deal, an augmented customs union or full single market membership," Schmieding said.
"The EU could then call a special summit at short notice to formally grant the Brexit delay request," he noted.
If the U.K. said that it wanted a customs union or full single market membership this would require only limited changes, if any, to the Brexit deal (or 'Withdrawal Agreement', as it's officially known). But if the U.K. cannot endorse one of the three options on the table by 28 March, the delay would have to be much longer, Schmieding said.
How long could a delay be?
Although the delay requested is for three months, it could be extended, potentially (and particularly) if the U.K. again fails to agree on the next course of action. A delay of nine months to two years has even been mooted as possibilities.
On a technical note, the U.K. is legislated to leave the EU on March 29 whatever happens so to avoid this the U.K. would have to legislate to prevent a "no-deal" departure on March 29.
If a short delay is not enough to break the deadlock over Brexit in the U.K., the country would likely have to take part in the EU parliamentary elections – but could be blocked from taking part in EU decision-making in the meantime.
If the delay is longer, it's likely that the U.K. Parliament would have to vote on that and already Brexiteers are threatening to vote against a longer delay. Former Conservative Party leader Iain Duncan-Smith said Wednesday that many MPs would vote against a longer delay and that the only way a delay would work is if the deal was changed.
"Any delay creates a bow wave of problems, not just for the government here but for the governing party around the country," Duncan Smith, now a backbencher in May's party, told BBC Radio.
"There is only one reason that would pass muster, and that would be because the agreement has to be changed... Any delay must be hinged around the idea of getting change to the deal, but any other reason simply doesn't work." | 2019-04-21T20:06:41 | https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/20/uk-requests-short-extension-on-brexit-what-happens-next.html |
0.999967 | The two leaders of the World Championship tournament in Mexico, Vladimir Kramnik and Viswanathan Anand left their games disappointed on Sunday after allowing winning positions to slip away to draws.
Playing on Mexico's National Day - which saw a three hour military parade snake past the tournament venue in the Centro Historico of Mexico City - only Levon Aronian could convert his advantage, leaving first and last in the tournament still separated by only a point.
Kramnik gained half an hour with his quiet 11.a3 move and another half an hour with the dangerous-looking 13.Qc7. By move 20 Grischuk was down to 14 minutes on the clock and Kramnik began to take control.
"At some point my position started to get better and better," said Kramnik, "and sometime around move 37 I was completely winning. The question is how many wins did I miss? 5, or maybe 7. So of course it is a big disappointment for me that I did not win this game."
A relieved Grischuk explained his slow play as follows: "I was really afraid that I would lose my rook on b2 - that's why I spent so much time. [Then] my position was completely playable but at some point I started to play really badly. Then I was lost, even after the time control, but somehow I survived."
Anand was equally harsh on himself - "It's a shame what I did today."
Anand, like Kramnik, outprepared his opponent and was soon ahead on the board and on the clock. "After 23.Nd5 Bb7 I was a little worse and after a few more unfortunate moves I was completely lost," said Morozevich. "I thought that after 23.a4 Nf4 I would lose a piece but of course I have 24.g3. I really need to play a4."
"[In the end] it was not my achievement that I made a draw," Morozevich continued and Anand could only nod in agreement. "After 30...Rc7 it's just winning [for Black]...it's pretty bad technique not to win this [endgame]."
Anand consoled himself with saying "+1 is not such a bad score," but he knew he had missed a big chance to consolidate his position in the tournament.
The Mexican press continued their theme of questioning the players about short draws. This time it was Morozevich who was asked, given that he is "such a creative player" why he does not ask FIDE for Sofia rules (no draw offers) to be implemented in top tournaments. "Sometimes I like to take short draws myself," Morozevich replied. "If [people like me] spend time worrying about regulations, who would play the games?"
Aronian was rewarded for taking risks in his game agains Leko, described by the Hungarian as "a nightmare."
In a perfectly ordinary position Leko carelessly played 27...Bd8 and had no way back after 28.e5!
1.c4 c5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 e6 5.Nc3 Nc6 6.a3 Be7 7.e4 0-0 8.Nf3!?
A strange square for the knight after which Black is able to set up a hedgehog-style position without disturbance.
13...d5 is playable for Black, but Leko, like a true hedgehog player, saw no need to clarify the position too quickly.
That f3 square again - White would prefer not to play f4 unless absolutely necessary. Black's position is now perfectly satisfactory but Leko was already down to less than half an hour to reach move 40.
"I spent all my time trying to work out what my opponent wanted," said Leko. "There was no need to think so long since he didn't want anything special. [But my clock was the reason] I went for a repetition."
20...Ba8 21.Red1 Nde5 22.Nd2 Ng4 23.Qe2 N4e5 24.f4!?
"Since my tournament was not going so well I felt obliged to fight, especially with the White pieces; that's why I played 24.f4," explained Aronian.
24...Nd7 25.Nf3 Bf6 26.Qe3 Re8 27.Be1 Bd8?
"Levon wanted to fight and that's why he played 24.f4 but it gave me a wonderful psoition. If I had played 27...Be7 followed by ...Nf6 I think it is much more easy to play for Black," explained Leko. "It's like a dream position. White will have to play h3 or g3 but then ...d5 will be hanging in the air."
Leko suggested that he could try 28...b5 but then 29.Rxd6 seems crushing for White.
"I realised the move I wanted to play [...Bc7] was bad," Leko said, " but the piece sacrifice was the worst possible choice."
29.Rxd7 exf4 30.Qe2 e5 31.Ne4 Be7 32.c5!
Black's only counterplay lies in playing ...f5 and ...e4, but Aronian makes sure that his e4 knight will always have an attractive square on d6 to go to if pushed.
32...bxc5 33.bxc5 Bc6 34.Rdd1 Bb5 35.Qb2 Qa7 36.Bxb5 axb5 37.Bf2!
Now the knight cannot be prevented from reaching d6 and the game is effectively over.
"Maybe the long game yesterday didn't help," said the Hungarian when asked if his 100 move defensive effort yesterday had exhausted him. "Even so, I shouldn't have had that [lapse] in concentration."
Gelfand held his third Petroff's Defence in four rounds with ease against Svidler.
"The head-banging against the Petroff wall continues," said a disappointed Svidler after the game, "with the same result as always. After the slightest inaccuracy you have nothing. After16 ...Qd7 I should have played 17.Qd3 keeping queens on the board and at least then the game continues. With queens off the board Black doesn't even have to play accurately."
At the post-game press conference Spanish journalist Leontxo Garcia made the mistake of suggesting that if so many Petroff games were being seen and being boring, perhaps it was time to turn to Fischer Random/ Chess 960, where the pieces on the first rank are shuffled before the start of the game.
Svidler, who had already taken issue with the press conference MC for translating 'head-banging' as 'a discussion', was not amused - "There is a time and a place for Chess 960 and it's not here!"
Can anyone survive Kramnik's preparation with White? Can anyone beat Anand's preparation with Black? Will the players stop saying "It's a really tough tournament - every game is important." at the press conferences?
However at least one question has been answered: those who suspected that Kramnik might not play hard in order to avoid a rematch with Veselin Topalov have already been proven wrong. As the man himself said, "I want to win the tournament. I am not thinking about who I play next - I am concentrated fully on this."
Ian Rogers is soon leaving Mexico City, so multimedia journalist Macauley Peterson will be taking over as CLO correspondent. | 2019-04-19T21:20:53 | http://www.uschess.org/content/view/7878/349/ |
0.999844 | An illustration from "Beauty and the Beast"
Juries for the National Book Awards (which will be presented later this week) are famous for coming up with nominees that defy expectation and prediction, but there are nevertheless a few things you can be sure you won't see on the NBA short lists. Books that aren't published in the U.S. or translations from other languages, for example, are disqualified, as are "anthologies containing work written by multiple authors." Those restrictions make sense, but what about this stipulation, from the official rules posted on the NBA website: "Collections and/or retellings of folk-tales, myths, and fairy-tales are not eligible"?
Two authors recently wrote to the National Book Foundation, asking the organization to reconsider its exclusion of retold fairy and folk tales from NBA consideration. (The rule applies to both the "fiction" and the "young people's literature" categories.) Maria Tatar is a professor of folklore, mythology and Germanic languages and literature at Harvard, and Kate Bernheimer is the founder and editor of the Fairy Tale Review, a literary journal, and editor of a sumptuous new book of short stories based on fairy tales, "My Mother She Killed Me, My Father He Ate Me." Contributors to that anthology -- which wouldn't be eligible to begin with, on account of containing "work written by multiple authors" -- include Joyce Carol Oates, Neil Gaiman and Michael Cunningham, and as the title suggests, we're talking about the unexpurgated, frequently gruesome, old-school-style fairy tales, not the sanitized Disney versions.
Bernheimer and Tatar point out that the NBA rules don't exclude "retellings of the Bible and Shakespeare's plays," or, for that matter, retellings of any other literary form. The singling out of fairy and folk tales belies a long-standing uneasiness with the form, its vaguely disreputable air. The fairy tale plays havoc with the premium we moderns place on originality. Where do these stories come from? Tatar, who has translated, edited and annotated editions of the folk tales collected in the 19th century by the Brothers Grimm, informs us in her introduction to "The Grimm Reader" that many of the Grimms' sources, at first said to be simple peasant folk, instead turned out to be members of the brothers' middle-class social circles. We can't even be certain that the most iconic fairy tales are as ancient as they're made out to be.
A fairy tale, like a myth, has no single author, no definitive version. Yet it can be identified despite significant variations. The story of "The Three Bears" originally featured either a fox or an old woman as its protagonist; only in the 19th century, when it was written down by the poet Robert Southey, did the star become a nosy blond child named Goldilocks. If literary quality resides above all in the best words arranged in the best order, then fairy tales may not qualify as "literature" at all. They can dispense with words entirely, yet remain themselves; "Sleeping Beauty" is still "Sleeping Beauty," even if you tell the story in pantomime.
On the other hand, fairy tales can certainly provide the springboard for literature. The late British author Angela Carter (to whom Bernheimer's anthology is dedicated) proved this definitively in 1979, with "The Bloody Chamber," among the greatest short story collections of the 20th century. A.S. Byatt, another contemporary novelist fascinated by the form, speculates in her preface to "The Grimm Reader" that childhood exposure to these strangely "flat" stories, with their recurring motifs of talking animal helpers, wicked stepmothers and patterns of three (brothers, wishes, castles, etc.), lays down "the narrative grammar of our minds."
That may be why so many decidedly literary classics can also be viewed, in the right light, as retold fairy tales. Is "Pride and Prejudice" a Cinderella story, or a variant of "Beauty and the Beast"? Exactly how far away do you need to get from the original (although of course there are no originals) to evade the label of "retelling"? The record shows that the National Book Awards themselves have not strictly enforced the exclusion; as Bernheimer and Tatar note in their petition to the NBF, the 1964 NBA winner for fiction, John Updike's "The Centaur," "retells multiple classical myths." Furthermore, the back-cover ad copy for the 1973 winner, John Barth's "Chimera," describes that book as "three of the great myths of all time revisited by a modern master."
According to the NBF's executive director, Harold Augenbraum, the organization will reconsider the exclusion. "My understanding," he told me in an e-mail, "is that the use of folk and fairy tales has never excluded a book from consideration for the National Book Award: Only straight, unchanged or little-changed retellings have been excluded." (Although, again, the absence of definitive originals would make this a difficult case to prove.) Besides, the rule is probably superfluous. Having served on a couple of prize juries myself, I can testify that judges are always on the lookout for ways to narrow the field, and don't need to be admonished to pass on a work that's significantly derivative of another.
At any rate, no one on the NBF's current staff was around when the rule was ordained or knows why it was thought necessary in the first place. Perhaps there was a rash of shameless Grimm Brothers knockoffs in the 1950s, when the awards were launched? It's ironic that this prohibition against fairy tales has roots nearly as obscure as those of the stories themselves. Chances are, though, it won't last nearly as long as they have. | 2019-04-21T03:07:49 | https://www.salon.com/2010/11/17/fairy_tales/ |
0.997922 | Is anyone else bothered by McCain's repeated use of the word "proud" to describe how he feels about his vice presidential candidate, Sarah Palin?
"I'm so proud of the way she ignites the crowds. The way she has conducted herself in my view is incredibly admirable," McCain said.
Let's suppose for a moment that McCain hadn't plucked Palin out of relative obscurity (at the urging of the ultra-right in this country, most notably Rush Limbaugh, who started pushing for her as the GOP VP candidate back in February 2008).
Suppose he had picked Mitt Romney or Rudy Giuliani.
"I'm so proud of Rudy, the way he responded to 9/11."
Doesn't that sound just a wee bit condescending? Like McCain is her dear, old Uncle, patting her on the head?
Bryn surely has the most thorough and clear understanding of the PL/SQL language of anyone I have met (definitely including me).
His talk was detailed and precise (and maybe just a little bit overwhelming. He needed twice the time allotted) on this most important topic.
The bad news about this talk is that most PL/SQL developers will never be able to hear Bryn present it.
The good news is that everything he talks about (and more) may be found in a newly published whitepaper of the same name.
Simply visit the Oracle Technology Network PL/SQL Homepage and click on the hyperlink for that paper.
Notice also that Bryn has published an in-depth whitepaper on SQL injection, a very serious and widespread security risk in many applications.
I just realized it's been a little while since I offered some PL/SQL thoughts on this blog. Sorry, the election campaign is twisting around my priorities. So how about if I share with you what I believe is far and away the most important new feature for PL/SQL developers in Oracle11g: the function result cache.
Suppose you have a table that is queried frequently (let's say thousands of times a minute) but is only updated once or twice an hour. In between those changes, that table is static. Now, most PL/SQL developers have developed a very bad habit: whenever they need to retrieve data they write the necessary SELECT statement directly in their high-level application code. As a result, their application must absorb the overhead of going through the SQL layer in the SGA, over and over again, to get that unchanging data.
If, on the other hand, you put that SELECT statement inside its own function and then define that function as a result cache, magical things happen. Namely, whenever anyone in that database instance calls the function, Oracle first checks to see if anyone has already called the function with the same input values. If so, then the cached return value is returned without running the function body. If the inputs are not found, then the function is executed, the inputs and return data is stored in the cache, and then the data is sent back to the user. The data is never queried more than once from the SQL layer - as long as it hasn't changed. As soon as anyone connected to that instance commits changes to a table on which the cache is dependent, Oracle invalidates the cache, so that the data will have to be re-queried (but just once). You are, as would be expected inside an Oracle database, guaranteed to always see clean, correct data.
Execute query each time Elapsed: 5.65 seconds.
Oracle 11g result cache Elapsed: .30 seconds.
Can you see the difference? Not much of a change, right? I just added that single RESULT_CACHE line. And notice that I would not have to change any of the code that was already calling this function.
Here's the bottom line regarding the function result cache: get ready now to take advantage of this feature. Stop writing SELECT statements directly into your application code. Instead, hide your queries in functions so that you can easily convert to result caches when you upgrade to Oracle11g.
I watched the VP debate. Yep, there is no doubt about it: we now know that if Sarah Palin is given a month to prepare for a debate, then she will not totally screw things up. In fact, what we found is that she will be able to pretty much ignore whatever question is presented to her and instead spit out her pre-programmed statements.
And she will do it in an aggressive, condescending manner that indeed makes one think of a pitbull with lipstick and very nice $400 eyeglasses.
Doggone it, but she reminded me so much of a Stepford Wife. She just didn't seem entirely human.
Well, that does it, then. I will vote for Obama. | 2019-04-23T09:05:12 | http://feuerthoughts.blogspot.com/2008/10/ |
0.99998 | New trend in the strategy of the Belarusian KGB: resisting the influence of Russian corporations in Belarus. This approach becomes obvious after reading the article “KGB Is Warning” published on the official website of KGB (the Belarusian secret service has kept the traditional soviet name).
The official website of KGB (the Belarusian secret service has kept the traditional soviet name) publishes an interesting analytical article “KGB Is Warning”.
Despite of the somewhat dry style of the text, it is certainly worth reading. The main topic of the article is the protection of the state secrets. KGB accentuates the stable interest of foreign secret services towards Belarus. The main reason for that, according to KGB, is the economic interest.
According to the authors of the article, the main factor of this hostile interest towards Belarus is “the urge of certain foreign states to acquire access to the information of economic and military-strategic nature”.
“These attempts become especially active in the course of the country’s integration into the international economy and the development of the good-neighbor relationships with the influential foreign partners. In some cases our rivals use strong financial potential in order to prevent Belarus from entering the world markets”.
“More and more often do the state security agencies come across the facts, when the representatives of foreign firms try to use subversive methods… Among the initiators of such actions are some foreign countries, as well as foreign private structures, the rivals of the Belarusian enterprises in the domestic and international market. As a rule, the executors of such actions are state security services, and special departments of large corporations, which employ former secret service agents, as well as the actual agents, working under cover. Such structures, for example, have been created in some foreign oil companies and airlines.
One should mention that there are no other international oil companies on the Belarusian market except the Russian ones.
“Now secret services pay major attention to Republic Belarus becoming an independent state, to its foreign policy, especially regarding its choice of strategic partners… The result of the unpunished activity of foreign secret services can be the increased resistance to the course of the Belarusian foreign policy, undermining its economy by drawing the country into non-profitable economic deals, irrational military cooperation, conducting scientific research in the dead-end spheres, foisting off the contracts on buying outdated and ecologically harmful production and technologies”.
Among other things, one can’t help thinking: is it the project to build (cheap and fast) a nuclear power station with Russia as a partner which is being hinted at?
True, the article is written in the old soviet manner. However, one can definitely notice the evolution of the major Belarusian secret service towards the new understanding of the country’s interests. One can even make a conclusion, that the activity of KGB is also aimed at resisting the influence of Russian corporations in Belarus. | 2019-04-25T14:02:19 | https://nn.by/?c=ar&i=10016 |
0.999129 | If cat poop is so toxic to pregnant women, why aren’t there more birth defects? Can cat poop cause schizophrenia?
Two related questions: As a cat owner, I've been a little concerned recently about rumors that cat poop can cause schizophrenic behavior in people who are overexposed to the waste. How much truth is in this — and if there is any truth to it, what amount can possibly count as overexposure? I'm also bothered by the supposed risk to pregnant women that changing the litter box can cause — not so much to them as to the fetus, through bacteria and whatnot. If that's really true, then with a third of all Americans owning cats, why don't we see higher rates of these dreadful birth defects? Certainly some of these women must get pregnant sometime, and I doubt they all know the dangers posed to them by cleaning up what Puss left behind. What gives?
Buckle up, friend. This one’s bizarre.
While you’re surely right that not everyone has gotten the word, the medical profession and hopefully most women of childbearing age know that if you’re pregnant you don’t want to get near cat feces. The problem is the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, for which cats are the principal host. The microscopic parasites reproduce in the cat’s gut, the eggs are excreted, and by a process I’m not about to describe the critters wind up in your brain and muscles, where they create tiny cysts, leading to a condition known as toxoplasmosis. Unpromising as this sounds, the symptoms of toxoplasmosis are generally mild to nonexistent in adults, which is good, because roughly a third of all humans are infected, with the rate in some tropical countries approaching 100 percent.
For some, though, things are less benign. If a woman initially becomes infected while pregnant, there’s a fair chance the T. gondii will migrate across the placenta to her unborn child, with ghastly results ranging from cerebral palsy, seizures, and mental retardation to death. Women infected prior to pregnancy don’t run the same risk, which no doubt explains why we haven’t seen an epidemic of toxo-induced birth defects — the parasite’s ubiquitousness confers a sort of immunity. I’ve seen no research suggesting there’s a threshold exposure below which there’s no danger, and in my opinion it’d be foolish to assume there is one. Besides, you’ll never get a better excuse to make somebody else clean the litter box.
Here’s where things get strange. While the link between toxoplasmosis and birth defects has long been recognized, scientists now suspect that T. gondii may cause schizophrenia too. That in itself represents a major change in thinking — till recently the assumption, based on twin studies and the like, has been that schizophrenia is transmitted genetically. No way, scoffers say: schizophrenia is so profoundly disabling that sufferers tend not to reproduce. Germs are a likelier candidate. Studies typically have found T. gondii antibodies occurring in schizophrenics at twice the rate seen in control groups.
But get this. Forty-five percent of schizophrenics tested positive in one study for both T. gondii and D-lysergic acid diethylamide, better known as LSD. To quote a recent paper: “These results support the hypothesis that T. gondii may cause schizophrenia and may do so by producing or triggering the production of an hallucinogenic chemical” (“Genes, Germs, and Schizophrenia,” Ledgerwood et al, Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 2003). Mindful that rodents are often an intermediate host for the parasite, the authors go on to say, “Production of such a compound may have been favored by natural selection because an infected, hallucinating rodent would be more easily captured by a cat.” In other words, schizophrenia in humans may be a side effect of T. gondii‘s attempt to set cats up with a steady supply of tripping mice, the better to ensure its own reproductive success. Told you this was bizarre.
A word of caution: our authors’ impressive theoretical edifice is built on some pretty thin evidence. It’s simplistic to say T. gondii works by triggering the production of LSD — among other problems with the idea, acid mainly gives rise to visual hallucinations, whereas the delusions of schizophrenics are primarily auditory (e.g., hearing voices). No doubt genetics plays some role in schizophrenia, if only by establishing a predisposition to the condition. Still, even without the hallucinogen angle, this is a promising line of research. If germs are in fact a cause of schizophrenia, which afflicts more than two million Americans, there’s a better chance we’ll be able to come up with a method of prevention if not a cure.
Do cats have belly buttons?
Why do some animals have pellet poop?
Which is smarter, cats or dogs? | 2019-04-18T15:36:18 | https://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2637/if-cat-poop-is-so-toxic-to-pregnant-women-why-arent-there-more-birth-defects/ |
0.999501 | The board used for this game has 9 row(s), 9 column(s), 2 levels, 162 cells/squares.
3D version of checkers, chess and shogi . 3D version of checkers, chess and shogi. | 2019-04-21T18:33:31 | https://www.chessvariants.com/index/sameboard.php?itemid=dimensionalized |
0.99993 | Mono + Libre by another name?
The Walter Hayes Trophy is undoubtedly one of the best events of the year to watch, though mysteriously it remains one where spectators unconnected to the participants are a rare commodity. Apart from that, it's like a time machine back to the 80's. Close racing, nothing one-make, variety, interest, and commentator Ian Titchmarsh using the "Silverstone-type finish" line. The MSA and the FIA must hate it because it shows just where they've gone wrong. And who can argue with a meeting where a Lamborghini Gallardo and a BMC Mini are in the same race, and another with a Capri, a Radical, and a March 707 CanAm car.
The main event was won by Wayne Boyd (from row 7) after neither of the front row made it to the end of lap 1. Dan Fox, ace Mono fettler/builder and occasional racer with us, raced in organiser James Beckett's PRS and finished 10th in the Historic Final.
The Libre race ("Open Wheel Scratch Race Sponsored by CE Facilities") was the closest to Mono. Held in wet conditions, it was won by Henry Chart, an F3 Cup competitor, so technically a Mono member, in an F3 Dallara which looked nailed to the track. Former champion Mark Harrison in his F306 lost out on the first lap but regained his grid position of 2nd after 10 laps chasing Cian Carey in the Formula Renault he ran with us. Cian eventually finished 3rd, while Ray Rowan, having so much enjoyed his Tiedeman outing at Snetterton provided much entertainment. He was solely responsible for the wet weather having bought new slicks, and ran 3rd on the first lap but dropped as low as 6th at one point, only to fight back to fourth. 5th placed Josh West, in the Speedsport Van Diemen Duratec FF with wings seen at Rockingham, narrowly edged out Combe Tiedeman man Chris Lord, wringing the neck of the RF82 in such esteemed company. Lou Watts brought the Mygale (curiously down as a Migal UR2 Van Diemen - sounds like a telephone entry to me) into 11th after what can only be described as a lurid spin in front of the BRDC grandstand. Amongst the non finishers, Matt Hayes, possibly there for the family Trophy? was out in the usual green Jamun, pitting only 4 laps from the end, while the final Mono connection of which I'm aware (apart from a couple of F3 Cup runners) was Myles Castaldini in a bike powered RF94, which I think might be the ex Peter Dittman car.
Disclaimer: The above represents only the unofficial view of the writer and not of the Monoposto Racing Club in any way whatsoever. Subheadlines and captions are not originated from the named author. We are unable to reproduce results due to copyright reasons. If any pictures are copyright and the owner wishes them removed please email us. | 2019-04-22T09:24:45 | http://startline.org.uk/slol86/WalterHayes/template.htm |
0.999996 | Are grass-fed cows considered inhumane?
I have been a vegetarian for almost 8 years and have just recently given up eggs. I am finding it much harder to let go of cheese though. I tried avoiding foods with large amounts of cheese or milk, but am finding it extremely frustrating.
I know that when a cow goes without being milked for too long it becomes very painful and aggitates them, and have always felt that because of this, getting milk from a cow is the opposite of cruel. I have been trying to do research on cheeses and milk that come from farms with free range cattle that have been treated humanly, since the only reason I became vegetarian was animal welfare. Are there any such places that have a good reputation that sell online?
You sound a lot like me! I know just what you're going through- cheese was my last step to veganism. I just loved it so much and thought I could find a way around the cruelty by finding a nice farm. You might be able to find a grass fed farm on localharvest.net, and it might be worth a look. I personally found those options few and far between.
As far as the cows needing to be milked, I too thought the same thing. After a bit of research I figured out that my vision of dairy farming was incredibly inaccurate, unfortunately. I'll include this link here in case you want to learn about> how cows are treated on dairy farms.
I totally understand your frustration-- going vegan after learning about animal farming data is truly inconvenient. You'll probably always have to do a bit more research to make sure your purchases align with your beliefs, but you should always feel good about what you are doing. Try not to let the frustration win over. Good luck!
Comments for Are grass-fed cows considered inhumane?
Cheese is definitely the most difficult thing to give up. I was vegetarian for 20 years, and cheese (or dishes with cheese) took the place of meat at least 50% of the time. I'm still not sure I'm over it completely, though it's now been a year since I've eaten it.
What is helping me stay away from it is how I feel. I've always been highly excitable. I had started feeling panicky, like I would have panic attacks. I went vegan and cut out sugar completely. I feel that my anxiety attacks symptoms were helped at least 50%. Another 25% goes to just learning how to deal with things betters. So now I'm almost where I need to be, I guess. If I returned to my normal diet, I'm sure my heart would get to racing again, and I'd be anxious. I don't like that.
So think about the health benefits maybe. | 2019-04-24T21:55:25 | https://www.vegan-nutritionista.com/are-grassfed-cows-considered-inhumane.html |
0.999997 | Will AT&T buy a portal?
The telco makes a tremendous move in the Net space with the proposed TCI merger, and observers wonder whether buying a portal firm is next.
It isn't hard to figure out what AT&T wants: a lot of loyal customers.
Although it is understood that the Internet continues to play an important role in the telco giant's strategy, the strategy itself--especially in light of the news of today's proposed acquisition of Tele-Communications Incorporated--is not entirely clear.
With all its ups and downs in the Net space--which culminated with today's announcement--observers have wondered whether the telco's next step will be buying a portal for itself.
In spite of AT&T's size and resources, it has floundered on the Internet, as have many telcos. Like old media companies that have struggled to dominate the online medium, AT&T has had difficulty translating its successes offline onto the Net.
A case in point: its Internet access service WorldNet has not taken off to the degree executives have wanted.
So in the last few months, AT&T has been busy trying to make inroads on the Net in other ways. It formed partnerships with three leading portal sites, Excite, Lycos, and Infoseek, in which users will be given access via AT&T WorldNet with a home page branded by one of the search engines.
Earlier this month, the company announced that it will be setting up a system that lets customers pay their bills over the Net.
And just last week, AT&T reportedly offered to buy America Online, the world's largest online service.
Now, with the AT&T-TCI merger, AT&T potentially could offer customers a full complement of communications services, including telephone, high-speed cable access (TCI has a controlling stake in cable access firm @Home), and Internet service.
But offering service is only the beginning. AT&T still faces fierce competition in at least some of those categories; it needs to find a way not only to attract customers, but also to keep them.
And that's where a play for an Internet portal--the hottest commodity on the Net these days--could arise.
"It seems like the whole point here is to provide a package of integrated services to the consumer that could include, but is not limited to, local long distance, broadband access, cable, and satellite service," said Mark Mooradian, an analyst with Jupiter Communications.
But is AT&T looking to purchase a portal?
"AT&T needs to maintain a one-to-one customer relationship as best as possible. If they can engender that relationship with a portal relationship--which certainly does afford them a wholesale consumer relationship--then yes," added Jupiter senior analyst Regina Joseph.
A portal of its own could provide AT&T with customer loyalty by giving people community and an email address. But it also could be a vehicle to allow AT&T to get more information about customers, such as their buying and spending habits.
On the other hand, a company such as AT&T may not really see the value in the flip side of the business that portals are promising: e-commerce, said Kate Delhagen, an analyst with Forrester Research. "Their goal is to provide services that they can bill customers for on a monthly basis," she said. "We don't think they're interested in [an e-commerce and advertising] revenue model at all."
However, AT&T won't balk at the revenues it stands to gain from properties it will acquire with TCI, such as SonicNet, a popular online music news and information site.
Discuss: Will AT&T buy a portal? | 2019-04-24T06:01:41 | https://www.cnet.com/news/will-at-t-buy-a-portal/ |
0.999999 | Sweet amber and golden honey, cream accord, blue lilac, and a drop of cardamom.
I’m not a huge floral person, but I’ve discovered that I really enjoy the smell of lilacs. They’re a big part of one of my favorite scents ever, Jareth, and a friend was kind enough to decant a little bit for me to try. Since this was a BPAL 2017 Lupercalia scent, it is no longer available.
In the bottle: Florals and spices. This actually reminds me of a commercial “oriental floral” type of scent.
On the skin: This scent definitely becomes more nuanced on the skin. The lilacs become more distinct, and I can also smell the cardamom. It’s a delicate cardamom however, not very powerful, but enough to add some spicy dimension. There’s a creamy smoothness to this as well that I think pairs really well with the lilac. I like this!
TL;DR: Lilacs with a soft undercurrent of creamy spices. Very feminine. 3.5/5. | 2019-04-22T14:55:09 | https://thescenturion.wordpress.com/2017/10/23/black-phoenix-alchemy-lab-cave-of-treasures/ |
0.998108 | A book for dummies, or by dummies?
When Benjy, my pet Lhasa Apso, came into my life not quite three years ago, I had no idea how to look after a cute but stubbornly independent puppy. I needed all the information I could get on house training, feeding, bathing, veterinary care, grooming and the like, so I happily turned to Puppies for Dummies, and later Dogs for Dummies, as my primary reference guides.
I found them immensely helpful in raising Benjy, but things only really began to improve when I finally realized that the dog trains the owner and not the other way around.
After my positive experience with the two canine books, I was looking forward to reading the recently published second edition of Buying and Selling a Home for Canadians for Dummies. I was sorely disappointed.
In my entire career in real estate law, I have never seen a book with so many misleading statements and outright mistakes. Even though it may have almost 400 pages of helpful explanations and tips for buying, selling and financing properties, the average reader won't be able to distinguish the good parts from the mistakes and the garbage making it a dangerous book.
The book was written by a Vancouver realtor and seems to have been based on a similar book written for American readers. As a result, many of the references particularly in the legal area are either wrong or have no relevance to the Ontario real estate scene.
Readers are told to "watch out for waterways" in buying homes near bodies of water, but there is no mention of checking with the local conservation authority to see whether a homeowner's land is subject to flooding.
In addition, I couldn't find any reference to the use of Registered Retirement Savings Plan funds as a source of down payments for homes in Canada, or to the use of mortgages in a homeowner's self-administered RRSP to self-finance a purchase. These are major omissions.
In my opinion, this Dummies book is so bad and so misleading it made me wonder whether it was written for dummies, or by dummies.
Book reviews will sometimes say that the new publication is available "at better bookstores everywhere." This time, though, I would have to say that if you're really shopping at a "better" bookstore, it definitely wouldn't be carrying this turkey. | 2019-04-19T00:31:47 | http://aaron.ca/columns/2003-08-30.htm |
0.999904 | PSDI's Business Law advisor Terry Reid talks to Radio New Zealand International about the implications for doing business in Vanuatu of the recent passage of modernized business laws. He told RNZI's Bridget Tunnicliffe that PSDI is working with the Vanuatu government to make setting up and running local businesses smoother.
TERRY REID: Recently, the government passed a suite of laws - the Companies Act, the Companies (Insolvency and Receivership) Act and an Insolvency (Cross Border) Act, which effectively gives the country an entire new company law framework, which will make it more accessible for the vanuatu private sector.
BRIDGET TUNNICLIFFE: And what has the ABD's role been in the process?
TR: The ADB has provided technical assistance to the government in designing the bills and supporting them through their implementation. We did that first under our technical assistance and individual stand-alone technical assistance, and then through our Pacific private sector development initiative, which was at that time funded by the Australian government.
BT: So in what ways will it make doing business in Vanuatu easier? Can you give me some examples?
TR: The new laws introduce some newer types of companies, which will make it easier for, for example, smaller businesses to incorporate. It is possible now to form single shareholder companies. Also a new type of entity is a community company, which will allow communities to form a company and use their assets to operate businesses. And we now will embark, under our technical assistance, our Pacific private sector development initiative, which is co-financed by Australia and New Zealand. And we will implement these laws now which will involve putting in an electronic registry. So that will lower the transaction costs for people. It will mean that it will be very quick in terms of time to update their information and so on.
BT: I suppose for small countries like Vanuatu it's helpful to have company laws that are suitable for small island economies, typically where you would get a number of very small businesses.
TR: That's absolutely true, and Vanuatu was operating under a very old piece of legislation that certainly wasn't developed with their small island economy status in mind at the time. And these new laws are now tailored to the needs of Vanuatu, hence the introduction of the new entities. And the electronic aspect will make it much, much easier for people who are not necessarily located in Port Vila to incorporate companies and operate them.
BT: There have been complaints from local businesspeople or entrepreneurs that a lot of focus in the last few years has been on encouraging foreign investors that bring in a lot of money. Will this help shore things up a bit?
TR: Well, what this is does, this certainly creates a very favourable environment for local entrepreneurs and people that want to do business in Vanuatu to take advantage of the corporate form, and certainly lowers the cost of doing so. So I think this will have a very positive impact on the local private sector. | 2019-04-18T19:29:04 | http://www.adbpsdi.org/2013/09/new-laws-to-open-up-business-in-vanuatu.html |
0.999999 | People typically choose to enroll in a language class because they want to develop abilities to use that language. As learners, we trust that our teacher will select appropriate course materials, and teach us using methods that help us on our road toward using the language. Most students are fine with their teachers explaining sounds, vocab, and grammar clearly, especially if that's what will be on an upcoming test. Additionally, students often believe that noticing forms such as sounds, word order, word endings, and so on, will be of help later on when they want to use the language to interact with other people, read books and websites, write, and so forth. However, teaching communicatively--that is, teaching language for the purposes of speaking, writing, reading, etc. in real time with other people, and teaching toward these goals through frequently using the language to interact with students in the classroom--can get a little weird when the in-class communication is framed as "getting to know each other." I've made up a few examples here in different social contexts, to show how this looks in and outside the classroom.
Teacher: "Did anyone do anything fun this weekend?"
Teacher: "What did you do?"
Student: "I visited my grandma."
Teacher: "'I visited my grandma.' Notice how she said 'I visited' with that -ed on the end. Excellent, who else did something fun?"
Person 1: "So, I work in finance."
Person 2: "Oh, how long have you worked in finance?"
Person 1: "Eight years now, and notice that I said 'in finance,' and not 'at finance.' The preposition there is important."
Daughter: "Can I help prepare anything for dinner?"
Parent: "No, that's ok, I got this. You go catch up with your brother."
Daughter: "Ok, and I'm excited that we're eating at home and not in a restaurant or at a cafeteria."
Daughter: "I need to use all of the words on this vocab list that my teacher gave me in our dialogue right now."
Friend 1: "Bruh, you want go surfing over there?"
Friend 1: "You notice how my intonation stayed high and then dropped down at the end, bruh?"
I'm not saying I don't point out form when we use the target language to converse in class, and I do think students tend to tolerate it more than people would outside of class. But it would typically be very antisocial to do this outside of a classroom setting, maybe except in cases where a person asked for help with their speech. In class remedy this by leaning in stronger to show interesest in the person after I ask the class to notice some form in what we just said. I think there's also an extra social layer to my purpose for recapping what we just said to the class: I expect that not everybody understood what exchange just happened. By clarifying meaning, I aim to do two things in that moment: first, include everyone in the room in the discussion, and second, aid language acquisition through the clearer matching of form and meaning in the current context. I then go back into showing interest in the student I'm speaking to, to show them we weren't just practicing language to end with the focus on form as the most important purpose for our interaction. I genuinely want to build community in our classroom, and pedagogical goals are a part of the community-building. If I don't delicately re-focus our attention back to the person in the room, showing that we genuinely are interested in learning about each other, then I'm acting in a way that would be considered jerk behavior in any other context, like in the dialogues above.
In the Hawaiian classes I've been observing (and learning Hawaiian from), there are about six to ten undergrads who already speak some Hawaiian. Most of them picked it up from childhood school activities (like learning numbers), and some had more immersive school experiences. Our kumu (teacher) has been using comprehension-based approaches in our Hawaiian 101 course this semester. He added some element for everyone (I don't believe he did this for the heritage speakers specifically): he wrote on the board new rejoinders, numbers, qualifiers like "(very/somewhat) warm/cold", and other responses for us to shout out at any time during class discussions and tournaments (like our card game, "War" played in front of the class). When he calls for volunteers to play Lono-Mauli-Pau (rock-paper-scissors), he asks for volunteers, and it's usually the heritage speakers who run up first. The contestants introduce themselves to each other in Hawaiian, the whole class counts, shouts Lono-Mauli-Pau, and the winner shouts "[my neighborhood] is the best!!" The kumu glosses any new words or phrases on the board, and the activity generally keeps vocab sheltered and repeating. I see how the whole class benefits from this: (1) the heritage speakers self-select to serve as secondary discussion and activity leaders (and input-providers for everyone else), (2) the class learns their names, home neighborhoods, and other local culture tied directly to them, and (3) the fun energy and discussion content are coming from more than just the teacher; student buy-in is coming from a reliable portion of the class. There's more going on, but these are the top three observations I find most relevant here. It appears to be at least somewhat empowering for the heritage speakers themselves to have a space where their voice is important and useful for everyone in the room.
Heritage and native speakers are fequently placed into novice-level language classes. This can be motivated by administrators' expectations of lock-step textbook learning of linguistic rules as revealed in a discreet-item placement exam--showing the learner doesn't yet know the program's grade-level sounds, grammar, and specific vocabulary. Intro-level placement can also be motivated by particular aspects of proficiency, like the person can understand daily conversation just fine but they can't read or write, or speak on topics covered in the program's classes. Intro-level teachers who teach for proficiency often point out that when they speak at the levels of their true-beginning-level learners in the target language, for example, "What (pause and point to the board) do you (pause and point) like (pause and point) to do (pause and point) on Saturday (pause and point) mornings (pause and point)?" the heritage/native speaking students start to show an attitude. What is this attitude, we might wonder. I'm going to share a story about when I found myself in similar shoes. I hope as you read this, a certain heritage perspective will become obvious and clear. I'll end with notes for a solution, from a Hawaiian class where I've seen heritage learners integrated very well into novice-level discussions and activities.
Quick story about me. I finished my Masters degree at Sichuan University in Chengdu, China, in 2011. At the start of my third semester there, I, along with a classmate from New Zealand and another from Canada (English was our first and primary language), were called into the International Students Office. The office secretary informed us: "All international students are required to complete an ESL course." We protested: "That requirement is for students who don't already speak English...our classmates from Thailand, Japan, and Korea." She was firm, repeated the rule about ALL international students needing to finish the ESL requirement, and she told us the room and time to attend. The class would be around two hours long (it may have been three, but it's been years since already, so I'm going to play it safe and say it was two hours).
So we went. A local Chinese teacher (there is nothing wrong with a non-native teacher, in my opinion, but I believe her being non-native did influence our interaction in this particular story) presented English listening activities and discussion topics around the ACTFL Intermediate-mid to Advanced-low levels. Besides us three, everyone else in the class was was from East and Southeast Asia. I remember sitting for a while, and feeling very bored. I remember the teacher looking around the room, but avoiding eye contact with us native speakers. About half-way through the class, the teacher passed out a question sheet, and then played a recording. We were asked to listen three times to the recording and use the information to answer the questions. The recording was confusing, and went something like this, an elderly British man saying: "For this holiday, we are going to need to bring an umbrella, a jacket, and other warm clothes. We plan to visit [place X], [place Y], and [place Z]." And it ended a woman saying something like, "Nothing leaves a person more tired than a vacation!" The teacher read aloud to some of the higher-order thinking questions, asking us to infer from the details why the woman at the end said that. The other students seemed like a shy bunch, so I raised my hand. The teacher showed a sudden combination of surprise and disappointment--she made a kind of slouching down movement--as she called on me. I answered in an American-college-style, higher-order thinking-style, musing on hypotheticals-style (so intentionally asinine-style) exploration of the woman's attitude toward travel and the relevance and irrelevance of the details offered by the man. I talked for two to three minutes (it may have been five). The teacher nodded and said, "Oh. Thank you," and then moved on to another activity. At the end of the class, the three of us spoke with her. She said, "You don't need to be here. Write your names here, and I'll mark you as present for the semester." And that was the end of that.
So I've been a native speaker in a room full of "learners" (I put that in quotes because everyone is a learner throughout their lifetime, but everyone is also many identities), and I understand the frustration and boredom of misplaced students.
But what about our first question about heritage learners placed in intro-level classes? I'll write that up on this post, here.
Backward design & can-do goals as "pole" versus "container"
In my experience with university students using performance-based assessments, the classroom experience leading up to the assessment should treat the assessment goals as a "pole" to keep coming back to, and extending from, instead of a "container" to always stay within and never stray from. Straying is good. So if my performance-based assessment requires that learners use the target language to request food in a restaurant, then we whole-class discussions like PictureTalk, PQA, Story-asking, Read & Discuss, etc. should all contain many reps of the phrases needed for the assessment. However, these whole-class discussions also contain whatever else the students find interesting that can remotely tie to the general topic of restaurants. This way, they (1) get the input reps needed to have the backward-designed patterns in their heads (phrases for requesting food in a restaurant), and (2) the whole-class discussions included language for whatever else they wanted to talk about. Over time, these non-targeted linguistic bits provide enough input-data to allow the learner to creatively talk about whatever they want on a broader range of topics.
I've been extremely fortunate to know Kumu Kekeha (Hawaiian: teacher Kekeha) at the University of Hawai‘i. We met at a Blaine Ray TPRS® workshop about four years ago. Years later, Kekeha invited me to present a similar comprehension-based, beginner-level teaching workshop for his graduate course, Teaching Hawaiian as a Second Language. Cut to present day: we have agreed to do a trade-off: I sit in on his Hawaiian 101 classes in exchange for emailing him notes about his teaching and how he can continue to help his beginning learners. I'm gaining a lot in terms of language comprehension, word and grammar familiarity, and local culture and history. I'm also seeing Kekeha make leaps and bounds in his ability to use the language comprehensibly with everyone in the class--a mix of heritage and beginning learners. I see people around the room show that they comprehend through responding with words, head nods, and laughter. Now, just a month into the course, the slowest learners are beginning to respond in full sentences on their own.
Kekeha and his colleague, Ka‘iuokalani, spend time after class on Fridays to talk shop about teaching. I brought up one one of the features of Kekeha's style of speech during class that took me many weeks to begin to parse for myself: his natural, razor fast fluency. I gave an example in Chinese of how I would write and gloss my words on the board on the first day, and how I would talk in a slow and segmented manner, as I pause and point. I do this at the start because day-1 beginning learners typically don't have the implicit (unconscious) phonological (sound) and lexical (word) knowledge to parse the teacher's speech stream on their own yet. I showed Kekeha and Ka‘iuokalani how different it feels as a total beginner in a new language to have the teacher parse the sentences for them. Kekeha expressed how much mental work it is for the teacher to keep track of all of these micro-skills at once. I responded: "Teachers needs to chew the food for beginning language learner because these baby birds aren't developmentally ready to do it for themselves." We laughed about the metaphor--it's a little gross, to be sure.
Whatever a teacher says about fast speech being more helpful in the long-run, I've never met a teacher who was comfortable hearing fast speech during a day-1 demo in Chinese, Vietnamese, or Hebrew. More data is needed to compare effects from the two kinds of experience--immediate effects on learning from fast versus slow speech from teachers during the first days of classroom interaction, and the long-term effects as well. What I have seen over and over is this: beginning learners show they don't understand fast speech, and they then struggle to use the language in any kind of productive task after the lesson. Conversely, learners who experienced slow, segmented speech do show comprehension during the lesson, and show greater confidence and fluency in using the language after just that first demo lesson. For beginning learners, I identify slow and segmented speech as a higher-leverage teaching practice (stronger outcomes toward a desired learning goal given one teaching practice over another in a given period of time).
Hatchling: a juvenile bird in the time immediately following its exit from the egg. Metaphor for language teachers: new learners bring into the classroom a sense anxiety and fragility about learning and use a new, unfamiliar language. This likely comes from other people (and much of society) reinforcing the idea that any language will be hard to learn (most of all Chinese, which I teach), and learning is rarely successful. The hatchling stage begins from the moment learners enter the classroom, and might continue through the first several class meetings. These are times when teachers can repeatedly show learners, "You CAN use the language to interact and to read." Recommended high-leverage teaching practice for building learner-confidence and basic familiarity with simple statements and questions for everyday communication during the hatchling stage: Consistent, super easy language used by the teacher in interaction with the whole class and with individuals.
Nestling: the juvenile bird spends all of its time snug in its nest, relying on its parents for protection and food. Metaphor for language teachers: build on your learners' self-confidence and simple language abilities with more simple language. The nestling stage might continue for weeks and even months. Recommended high-leverage teaching practices for language learners at the nestling stage: Continue to "chew the food" for your learners by parsing your speech and pointing to pictures and glosses as you ask questions and make statements about the learners, what they care about, and the culture you wish to teach. Shelter vocabulary for the majority of your interaction and texts--too many unknown words reduces comprehensibility, and re-introduces the notion to the learner that the language is hard after all (too "too hard for me so I'd better drop this class before it gets any harder! See ya!").
Brancher**: the juvenile bird hops around on branches, building muscle before trying first flights. Metaphor for language teachers: These are the emerging talkers, who contribute to conversation when the floor is open to everyone. Branchers often talk in one word utterances, or simple multi-word phrases. They show signs of constrained grammatical creativity, but are using the chunks of language they know, or that they can read from the board and walls, to participate in the interaction. Recommended high-leverage teaching practices for language learners at the brancher stage: applaud branchers to draw attention to the growing success of abilities to use the language. We can also throw quick meta-comments that contain yet-unused (less sheltered) words to our branchers, to keep up the novelty in the interaction for them. We expect learners to progress at different rates, so while we see our first branchers start to talk, we continue to attend to the needs of the nestlings in the room. As long as we keep talking about new and interesting topics, branchers continue to build fluency from hearing, reading, and producing familiar words and patterns in meaningful contexts.
also: to leave the nest after acquiring such feathers"
Metaphor for language teachers: Fledglings are the emergent talkers who can sustain some continued back and forth interaction, even if in just a brief exchange. High-leverage teaching practice for language learners at the fledgling stage: continue to mainly use provide input that is appropriate to the slower-processing learners in the room, but use that language to talk about more complex content. For example, instead of just talking about two people in the room, talk about four people. Some of those people can be in pictures of people from history or current target-language-speaking communities. Pepper in some more natural target-language comments to the fledglings, but still keep their confidence up by taking a quick moment to help them understand (a quick sandwich translation takes up the least time and often provides the clearest meaning).
Note that not all learners need to show outward signs of talking to progress in each of these stages. It is common in comprehension-based communicative classrooms to see learners who almost never speak to suddenly start talking in full, creative sentences. An observant teacher can often see who is struggling to process in the normal non-verbal cues the students give in response during classroom interaction, or on free-speaking assessments (e.g. "say as much as you can about this picture," or "narrate a story from this series of pictures").
*There is already good research on input and song practice in song birds (for example, here), but that is beyond the purpose of this post. The focus here is on a metaphor teachers can use to treat beginning learners differently across early stages of language development.
**I found all bird terms and descriptions here, except for the term, 'brancher', which I found here.
The 2017 National TPRS conference was my first experience being approached by many teachers who more or less said: “Oh you teach Mandarin? Ni hao! Wo xihuan he kafei. Wo meiyou shui. Wo yao he cha. Baba mama ai wo.” When I asked when and how long they had learned Chinese, most said it was from one demo lesson (or several consecutive days of demo lessons) at the National TPRS conference the year prior. Some had experienced the demo a year or two earlier, and some had done it fresh, just days prior. Later that year (2017) at ACTFL, Diane Neubauer and I attended a TPRS teacher’s party. There we met a TPRS Spanish teacher, Andrea Schweitzer, who similarly approached us and showed off the Chinese sentences she remembered. I had an idea, borne out of the need for immediate convenience.
Our reading interaction went like this (I’m approximating what happened partially to illustrate how I did this each time with different teachers after).
She would read each new question or statement out loud in Chinese and I helped her recognize each new character (which I had typed only if I had heard her say it before). I helped by either saying the meaning of the word in English or by saying the Chinese word. Both proved equally helpful. She would read the question out loud and then say the answer to me, all in Chinese. If she showed hesitation in saying a word in Chinese, I would check comprehension after by asking for an English version of the whole sentence.
This year at the 2018 National TPRS conference, as soon as Andrea saw me we immediately sat down to do more Chinese texting, with one big difference. I showed her how to set up a Chinese pinyin keyboard on her iPhone, and after each question I sent her, I showed her how to type in pinyin and choose the characters to send responses and questions back at me. Throughout the rest of the conference we sent each other silly texts about chocolate and beer, who likes it, who wants it and who has it, it. If she sent anything worthy of corrections (e.g. 我要和茶 which should be 我要喝茶), I would first respond with a reaction to the meaning (meaning: “I want to drink tea”; so I wrote 茶!!!!!!!!!) and then I would use the corrected character in a relevant response (我也要喝茶!!!) and I might add a pinyin version after to confirm the sounds (wo ye yao he cha). She often added pinyin in a text just under mine so she could look back and remember each character and the sound that matched to it.
Andrea soon started texting with Linda Li and the two of them had fun, they each told me. What makes me most excited is the relative quickness Andrea made from receptively sounding out sentences I sent her, to then enjoying sending me sentences back, to then texting with other people without my help.
At this year’s National TPRS conference I did this again with about four other people. Each time I started this, I first needed to hear what words the person knew and how they used them in a sentence. From there character recognition came fast, so long as I made the character repeat five or six times before moving on. Terry Waltz calls this “proximal repetition” in her book, TPRS with Chinese Characteristics (2015), and I find the term and concept very useful. The Chinese texting we did is essentially Cold Character Reading (CCR) as Terry conceptualizes it (having people read Chinese characters that they already have the sound and meaning for firmly in their heads), but instead of introducing Characters in a story text, it’s through real-time interpersonal communication on an everyday communication device: our phones.
I hope more people try this.
Another "Tool in the Toolbox"
At language teaching workshops and conferences a very common complaint I hear from teachers goes something like this: "That presenter told us to do X, but I remember another workshop where a (possibly more authoritative) presenter told us to do Z. Well, which is it?"
I'll give a metaphor to illustrate how I understand this statement: "I was recently at a woodworking workshop where the presenter said if we want to secure nails down, we need to use a hammer. Now this new presenter says if we want to secure screws down, we need to use a screwdriver. Well, which is it?" The difference clearly is in the purpose of each tool.
1) Input: If you are a teacher who believes input is simply a model for practicing speaking, then you probably want to use input briefly to model the language needed, and then have your students go and practice speaking with each other according to that model. And if you are a teacher who believes input allows learners' minds/brains to repeatedly process information so that sounds and meaning become automatically associated and sorted into mental categories (and possibly that a Universal Grammar acts on that input to further represent sentences in the mind), then you probably want to spend much more time providing input through whole-class discussion (where the students and teacher negotiate what to talk about, but the speaking is mostly coming from the teacher in the form of open questions to the students).
2) Output: If you are a teacher who believes output is any form of speaking and writing (in meaningful situations, of course), then you probably want to help your students save time and effort by having them read from scripts to each other. And if you are a teacher who believes that output is only language that comes out of a person's mental representation, then you probably want to ask students to talk (about pictures, their opinions, etc.) without any textual sources to read from.
3) Authenticity: If you are a teacher who believes that only talk and writing that is created by and for monolingual native speakers counts as authentic, then you probably want to have your students watch lots of movie clips and read lots of menus and newspaper clippings, and you will also probably want to suspend that definition when you have students role-play as waiters, bankers, customers, etc. And if you are a teacher who believes that a classroom is itself a real place with real people who bring with them their real experiences and real opinions, then you may want to use a lot of class time to use the target language to talk about each other and the people you are familiar with.
My comments here are directed at both presenters and teachers. Presenters should be clear about their claims regarding what each "tool" (teaching practice) is intended to do. What we should not say is this: "REMEMBER! [Person/Organization] says we should always do X, and never do Y." What exactly is missing from this advice? Well a purpose of course. Teachers as well should be looking for that purpose in addition to quick solutions. As a teacher it's always easiest to hop around sessions and say, "Oh that looks fun! My students are going to love this one!" My response to that is this: "Great! So I'm hearing that engagement and motivation are your purposes for that activity. Additionally, is that activity also meant to achieve acquisition, skills, and/or knowledge? I'm guessing it is, but you should be clear on these purposes before you add it to your teaching toolbox.
Knowledge: explicit awareness and memory for cultural products, practices, perspectives, and people.
There is a general thrust that I look for in my own teaching of language (mostly Chinese Mandarin, though I also do demos in Vietnamese for language teachers who already speak Chinese). Proficiency is a fancy word that takes too much time to define in each conversation about it, so I prefer the word "use". Can learners use the language? Use where? Use with whom? And use when?
Taking functional "usage" as my guide post, I've taken A LOT from other teachers, and we all have taken, in turn, from each other. Of the thousands of teachers I plug in with on social media (mainly Facebook groups), I have seen over and over how any one teacher will borrow a teaching idea from the group (for example, creating a lending library for the class), try it with their own group/s of students, discover new needs that are special to that group (including the teacher's unique needs), and then share their modified version back with the larger group of thousands of teachers (e.g. adding sticky notes that students can leave in their book with comments and star-ratings for the next reader, adding intrinsic motivation for the next borrower).
What I have been very slow to take from other Chinese teachers is "culture". I put this in quotations here because I do not believe that most of the cultural lessons that I've seen many Chinese classrooms is knowledge or skill that can be used after the lesson. And I mean anywhere, ever. Not in the classroom again, not outside the classroom, and not with communities of people who speak the language (native, non-native, or even classmates).
I'll start here with an example of "culture" that I think was appropriate for the class I used it in. Teaching a small group of 2nd and 3rd graders, we discussed a cartoons made small children in China about moon cakes, during the Mid-Autumn Festival. The kids enjoyed it. And then it never came up again. It's possible that they kids will grow up, and say to someone then, "Oh yeah, Mid-Autumn Festival. I saw a cartoon once about that when I was really little." But for me as a teacher, that's not enough.
Let's look at a stronger example. At a STARTALK program I lead, where the theme was "A Musical Journey Through China", we showed Wang Lihong's Twelve Zodiacs music video. This, I believe, was age appropriate for our high schoolers. They requested to see it again on the following days, and I caught some of them watching it with headphones on their phones during breaks, of their own free will. I was happy to see that they had learned about someone relevant that they could talk about with Chinese speakers (native, non-native, and classmates). And this is what I really want: something learners can use in talk with people, be they native, non-native, or even classmates, and not just because the teacher told them to talk about it, but because they find it meaningful to bring up on their own out of their own personal interest. That means I have to get to know my students and their age group, and frequently check with them about what they're into. (note: if learners show they find a fictional story entertaining, then I think it's perfectly appropriate for that group, as they may choose to read more about it, discuss it with classmates and the teacher, write about it, etc. This differs from the Chinese cultural presentations and activities I see where students, for example, tie a Chinese knot, and then never talk about it again unless the teacher pushes them to).
Too often I see Chinese teachers think like the adults I grew up with in Los Angeles (general white Americans), trying to introduce things to kids and teenagers while always betraying that they really had no idea what we liked. If language is going to be useful for communication, then teachers need to know what learners want to communicate about, and, in addition, learners need to see the language as relevant for their own communication. Things I don't want to do in a classroom include: showing Chinese cartoons to learners over age 10, unless they show it is nostalgic to them (but how could they if they didn't grow up with it?), singing songs intended for small children, showing calendars and pictures that teach holidays without reference to what people do then (including examples from real people's lives). I also can't imagine a speaker of the language (native, non-native, or fellow classmate) having any interest in talking about these things ("Do you know Mid-Autumn Festival?" "Yes, I do." "Oh, so you know Mid-Autumn Festival" is the best I can think of). My perception is that most of what shows up in textbooks and teacher materials (found or created) is boring to learners and to anyone they might find themselves conversing with (or reading about, or presenting on).
These can be used for level-appropriate (e.g. beginner) PictureTalk and MovieTalk or for readings (unmodified, elaborated, or edited). Their whole purpose is that they are up to date, so communication with other speakers (again: native speakers, non-native speakers, and classmates) at least has a chance of being relevant and interesting.
In sum, and most importantly, I want to keep asking "Is this useful for my particular group of learners, given their age and learning goals" (again coming back to use as my guiding post). I hope more Chinese teachers might share what they are doing with up-to-date resources like these in their classrooms, so that I, in-turn, might further adapt tasks and activities into something new again, and we can all work together to keep the profession developing.
Special thanks to Diane Neubauer for suggesting PictureTalk and MovieTalk as activities here.
My co-presenter, Diane Neubauer, summarized our talk on her blog, here. The presentation slides are there to download as well.
One note on teaching social justice: I'm just now learning about how this is done in the field (in research and in classroom practice). This presentation only gives brief mention of how teachers can write socially critical ideas into their stories. I hope to learn more starting now, so my future presentations can do better to place social justice and critical perspectives at the center of my discussions.
I was at a STARTALK conference a few years ago, where I sat at a table with teachers of several languages. The topic of student choice came up, and I said something like, "A lot of my students go right for Spongebob. Even my college students think he's funny." One older Hindi teacher sitting across from me gave a deep scowl, which I interpreted as "We need to teach about the culture of the target language, and nothing else." I've since then thought about roles for target culture instruction, in terms of a balance with what learners themselves want to talk about.
One benefit I've noticed in learning about culture is that I find it useful, interesting, and fun to gain insights on who speaks these languages. Where do they live? What do they eat? What do they do? This third question reminds me of my own time living in China, where a lot of my conversations revolved around things that were Chinese, like local events and geography, as well as things that were not Chinese, like foreign movies, books, and music. I remember having long discussion about Game of Thrones in Chinese with an MA classmate.
I have also noticed a cost to doing target-culture-only activities, particularly when the information is new to many learners in a classroom. This has to do with who possesses the knowledge required to contribute to the conversation, and who does not. Implicitly, expert/non-expert roles emerge. Only the teacher, and possibly one or a few students who have spent time in the target language community, can be experts. Everyone else is left to be non-experts, without relevant knowledge to contribute. Non-experts are forced to either ask receptive questions ("what's that?"), or to remain passive as listeners.
By contrast, in a whole-class story collaboration, the teacher can contribute cultural knowledge in the forms of locations, people, foods and other things from the target language community, and learners can contribute knowledge from their own experience and preferences. This also allows learners to use any language (words or longer utterances) they can at any given point in time. But a culture-only discussion requires participants to know the exact language for what the teacher has presented as relevant in each moment. This restricts the selection space in both language and content that participants can offer as relevant. Again learners are left as passive receivers of language and knowledge, prohibited from active contributions.
Given more time, I did see my own college students begin to recycle Chinese historic people, places, and foods into our later discussions, after they had gotten to know these people from my recurring introductions.
So I'm not arguing here for the abolition of culture-presentations. But I am advising that teachers consider both the benefits and costs of this practice, to find a balance. | 2019-04-20T06:19:05 | https://researchinthelanguageclassroom.weebly.com/teaching-blog |
0.997836 | In other words, the count of Members of Parliament (The U.K.) is 1.10 times 620.
In other words, the count of Stores in the Mall of America is 0.830 times 620.
It's about four-fifths the number of Inductees in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
In other words, 620 is 0.8280 times the count of Inductees in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and the count of Inductees in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame is 1.210 times that amount.
In other words, the count of Kernels on an Ear of Corn is 1 times 620.
It's about one-and-three-tenths times the number of Olympic Gold Medals Won by the Soviet Union.
In other words, 620 is 1.310 times the count of Olympic Gold Medals Won by the Soviet Union, and the count of Olympic Gold Medals Won by the Soviet Union is 0.7630 times that amount.
In other words, 620 is 0.7360 times the count of Population of Vatican City, and the count of Population of Vatican City is 1.360 times that amount.
In other words, the count of Sesame Seeds on a Big Mac bun is 0.560 times 620. | 2019-04-19T22:21:29 | http://www.bluebulbprojects.com/CountOfThings/results.php?coeff=x&c=620 |
0.994173 | A glockenspiel (German pronunciation: [ˈɡlɔkənˌʃpiːl] or [ˈɡlɔkŋ̍ˌʃpiːl], Glocken: bells and Spiel: play) is a percussion instrument composed of a set of tuned keys arranged in the fashion of the keyboard of a piano. In this way, it is similar to the xylophone; however, the xylophone's bars are made of wood, while the glockenspiel's are metal plates or tubes, thus making it a metallophone. The glockenspiel, moreover, is usually smaller and higher in pitch.
Glockenspiels are quite popular and appear in almost all genres of music ranging from hip-hop to jazz. Percussionist Neil Peart of the rock band Rush uses the glockenspiel in several of the band's arrangements, most notably in the commercial hit songs "The Spirit of Radio" and "Closer to the Heart", and also in album tracks "Xanadu" and "Circumstances". A keyboard-operated glockenspiel, as played by Danny Federici on such hit songs as "Born to Run" and "Hungry Heart", is considered part of Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band's signature style.
Jethro Tull drummer Barriemore Barlow used glockenspiel on many of Jethro Tull's classic albums Thick as a Brick, A Passion Play (namely on "The Hare Who Lost His Spectacles"), War Child (namely on "Skating Away On the Thin Ice of a New Day"), Minstrel in the Gallery (namely on "Baker St. Muse"), Too Old to Rock 'n' Roll: Too Young to Die!, Songs From the Wood, Heavy Horses and Stormwatch.
Two well-known classical pieces that use the keyboard glockenspiel are Handel's Saul and Mozart's Die Zauberflöte, both of which originally used instruments constructed using bells rather than bars to produce their sound. (The part is sometimes performed on a celesta, however, which sounds quite different from the intended effect.) Solo glockenspiel can be heard briefly, but notably at the beginning of Shostakovich's 15th Symphony, and reappears in harmonic support with short interjections throughout the first movement (originally subtitled by the composer "The Toyshop," in part for its use of the toy-like instrument). A modern example of the glockenspiel can be heard in Steve Reich's 1970–71 composition Drumming, in which the glockenspiel plays a major role in the third and fourth movements.
↑ George Grove (ed.), A Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 4 vols. (London: Macmillan and Co., 1878–1889).
↑ Cromelin, Richard, (19 April 2008). "E Street Band's keyboard player," Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
↑ Funk, Peter (19 January 2006). "Paul Duncan: Be Careful What You Call Home". PopMatters. Retrieved 2011-05-08.
↑ Cummings, Robert. "Dmitry Shostakovich – Symphony No. 15 in A major, Op. 141". AllMusic. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
↑ "The Vibraphone and Glockenspiel". All About Mallet Percussion. Archived from the original on July 6, 2010. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
↑ Campbell, Murray; Greated, Clive (1994). The Musician's Guide to Acoustics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 436. ISBN 019159167X. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
"Glockenspiel". Encyclopædia Britannica. 11 (11th ed.). 1911. | 2019-04-26T04:55:15 | https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/Glockenspiel.html |
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What is it and how to make it Infographic?
Infographic or in the language of Indonesia: infografik or graphic information is one of the many visual forms of communication are utilized for a variety of purposes, ranging from science, statistics, journalism, even commercial. Infografik has existed which is varied, ranging from signs, maps, visual instruction, up to journalistic infografik found on mass media. The popularity of infografik in visual communication is the blessing of the nature and function of exceptional infografik: passing on information as a whole, fast and easy to understand.
Specifically, the creation of the part being infografik closely linked to journalism. The accuracy of the data and facts to the attention of important, so often the team infografik should relate to journalists, r & d, or other trusted resource.
Now the challenge is how to present the available data in order to be easily understood by the audience, as well as how to cultivate creativity in presenting and filter the data and facts, so that the work becomes visually appealing infografik, at once meet the communication function.
Infographic is a visual representation of an information or data delivered through a graph. This is an effective way to change the subject of elaborate or confusing experience easy to digest and aesthetically as well as fun for anyone.
This could be a brilliant and effective ways for marketing products, promote experience, educate and increase awareness of the subject you can think of. An effective and attractive design that can Captivate and inspire people to act.
In this the information age when there is so much information to digest and compete with one another, the images and the use of a well thought out typography can tell the story of a faster and more effective.
Infographic can be super effective tool in marketing campaigns and digital infographic can also be used so easily by small businesses as well as large organizations.
It is not surprising that the Illustrator and designers everywhere was commissioned to create a variety of beautiful things and unsightly. During the last two years, use infographic has been increased substantially.
Some clients will explain to you well about a few things, good background to subject the data to be used in the infographic. Some might even have rough frames, the color palette is set up so that the infographic made seem so symbolize the company.
Read all the data that you get thoroughly and take some extra time in doing your own research into the subject before you start it. Even if it is a subject that you already know, it is important to know what you communicate because it will have an impact on the tone of voice and image that you create.
In other cases you may be approached by a client who is not fully aware of what that infographic, you should know that they are using it but just have an idea that is less clear on what they need. In this case, the designer turned into researchers, editors, copywriters and project manager. This is the most interesting infographic but becomes challenging.
Guide your clients through the process of making a infographic a great experience. Also influential on the client to approve your design. Learning so much about new topics and have so much control over content would certainly be very fun! However, there is a lot to consider before you jump right into the design. You can read, researched and compiled the data and content. It means to find articles and books relevant to the subject and compose the information will help communicate the message.
After you have gathered the information, it will be very helpful to get the thoughts of how to tell a story with data. An infographics need narrative with a plot (the plot). You basically create a visual journey through the initial discussion of the terntentu and with each story we need a beginning, middle and end.
For example, we see the infographic Singapore below was made to Maytech. Entitled “do you know where your data?”, which aims to raise awareness among IT professionals and a Director of the company on the importance of sharing data monitoring and updating the security policy.
So, how do I create the initial narrative that lends itself to start suatuinfographic? How long narrative that should be made? Whether to include the history of the topic or company? The next thing is to manage the data stored and also find out other data which may be required for the manufacture of infographic. In addition you should also be able to keep such data properly so that the data is not to change hands or missing either as to where.
There is a clear and narrative flow. Before starting the design process, you’ve gotta have a narrative and flow of a story that is already mapped. Sort your content, and edit until you have a good storyline and then set into several parts that are identified as well.
This is a very important process and it is always best to get a signed wireframe before you begin design. There is nothing worse than spending hours on the design, creating an illustration in advance only to find your clients are not happy with the content that you create.
Now you have Your wire frame to approve time to start changing text and data into a visual. This could definitely be rather complicated and sometimes you may need a brief explanation to go along with your picture.
However, try to change as much as you can into the picture. In some cases, the subject matter will determine how many. For example, see the infographic was created about the psychology of influence and persuade.
5. Do not get bored!
The key is to really think about how you can visualize each slice data rather than just write in a nice typeface and placed the creative ways.
Don’t be lazy and lose interest. Don’t be bored. In other words, you have to really think about how you can change the layout and the flow and make it more interesting. Try to find new ways to define and break the parts but don’t get too carried away. You still need your readers know where they should look for, and in what order. If you run out of ideas how to visualize something, get a pair of eyes on it before you resort to the average pie charts and graphs. A client will be able to create its own standard charts, there are many tools out there. This is where you have to think out of the box.
6. Note the types of Fonts!
Can we use typography in any design which is very important and can be the difference between small and large designs. Try to limit the use of the font for the two or three at the very maximum. Select one fontyang suitable for the title and subtitles with the kind of letter that can be read for each body text or notes.
Too many typefaces can confuse the eye and makes it difficult to decide which one should first read and disrupt the flow and narrative. Be selective in the people who use the font family to share information and content is appropriate.
Make sure the font is appropriate for the audience and the subject and look appropriate if juxtaposed with the font used. Sort fonts before you start it. Maybe you should have some unique fonts to forge Your creativity.
A bright color palette doesn’t necessarily mean that it will automatically take the attention. Color choice can make the difference between people or make them turn around and run away in fear. It is very important to consider the theme color used before you start to make infographic.
Think about your subject, your audience will consider things like color psychology and how you want users to feel it. Think when you see the infographic in Singapore, click Here !!!
Consider who you make this design for whom? What do they buy? Think also of the product that you promote, do you need to strengthen your brand with color? Make sure you determine whether there are any guidelines you need to follow before you start.
Similarly, font, don’t overdo it with the number of colors. Use one or two main colors and maybe only two more for his accent. Use the color accents to decipher between parts or a different theme.
Test Your infographic on some colleagues and anyone you wish. What is the design that can flow, can easily represent for storytelling, whether the text is too small/too large/too much/too little, whether of animal illustrations that you made the original animals looked like?
It is very important to check everything is in order that makes sense to other people. Do not let you create illustrations which are not visible or too general so that the audience does not know or is unaware of its existence. Make sure that Your illustrations are useful to help with explanation melaluiinfographic data presented.
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0.999594 | What does it mean when Megan Draper makes spaghetti?
When did spaghetti bolognese (or with meatballs) become the classic Anglo-American middle class dinner in the US?
Over in FanFare, we Mad Men fans always make note when Megan Draper seems to be making spaghetti for dinner. Which always seems accompanied with a bottle of red wine and continental flair.
In the 21st century, pasta is considered a convenience food, something you make when you're out of ideas or short on time. In my own 80s childhood, I remember spaghetti bolognese being in heavy rotation, but it didn't have the drab associations it does today (in fact it was my little brother's favorite food).
Obviously there would have been a time in the US when pasta was as exotic as curry or tajine is now, and before that, a time when it was unheard of. Also, spaghetti bolognese seems much more firmly ingrained into the American kitchen in a way that other Italian cuisine isn't (for example pizza is still something you get at restaurants, and baked ziti is mostly traditional in Italian-American families).
When did that transition happen? How did spaghetti go from foreign cuisine to comfort food? And why spaghetti bolognese, out of all Italian-American cuisine?
I don't think pasta Bolognese, which is a rich, complicated dish of veal and pork cooked in milk, from the north of Italy (Bologna obviously), is the basis of American spaghetti with red sauce. I think spaghetti in red sauce grew out of the spaghetti al pomodoro tradition of southern (Sicilian) immigrants, who made up the majority of the Italian immigration of the late 19th century to New York. Spaghetti al pomodoro is a frugal dish and more what poor immigrants were eating. But the addition of meatballs -- polpettone - to the dish is not traditional anywhere in Italy that I know of.
And why spaghetti bolognese, out of all Italian-American cuisine?
Do most people really call it spaghetti bolognese? I think most people just call it meat sauce. Thinking about it that way, it makes more sense. Americans like meat.
When you think about it, it is a great American food. Bottled sauce, cheap ground beef, and a package of noodles. It can be ready in under a half hour and a box, 1lb of beef, and a jar is just about the right amount for a family of 4-5 people.
And the truth is, you know, pizza is also quite popular in the US although most people purchase it rather than baking it themselves.
All other dishes require either costlier ingredients, more time, or both. So pasta and sauce is a natural choice.
Well, depending on how good a source you consider Alton Brown to be, he did cover it in one episode of Good Eats.
In the seventies, when most Americans first realized there was pasta beyond tomato sauce, spaghetti alla carbonara was a revelation.
This seems to agree with my half-remembrances of cooking articles and books I've seen from the 50s, which is where you start to see a bit of culinary variety beyond "boil everything" but they were still mistranslating all kinds of concepts, or just doing lots of weird stuff centered around the sales of particular products.
fingersandtoes, in the US (and I think in the UK as well), spaghetti bolognese just means red sauce with ground beef.
Although the imagery of meatballs resting on a ring of pasta has near iconic stature, I think most Americans just add browned beef to a jarred red sauce.
I will say this. My SO, from England, asks for Bolognese. I make him the thing my uncles form Venice made me. He hates it. He wants the kind of red sauce, tinned stuff he remembers, which is much more al pomodoro and very easiy to make whacking great amounts of in an industrial setting. That kind of cooking, Southern-Italty-by-way-of-Italian-Americans-by-way-of-mass production got cemented as go-to convenience food around the time Mad Med is set, and would have been what "Italian" food was for a lot of people.
I have an MFK Fisher book from the forties in which she talks about how spaghetti with butter and parmesan is this classy dish that one makes hot in front of guests, and the recipe seems to suggest that breaking the spaghetti is normal. Admittedly, her recipe (except for breaking the noodles) seems likely to give good results, but internal evidence suggests that it is from a time when non-Italian-Americans just didn't eat spaghetti regularly.
My guesses: that there's a post-WWII connection with Italian food and soldiers being stationed in Europe, not unlike with pizza. In the late fifties and early sixties you start to see a lot of cookbooks in English which provide Mediterranean recipes (Adele Davis) for one thing, and then you see wider distribution of different foods post-war so it's possible for ordinary people to cook differently. And there's the sixties backlash against fifties convenience food, and there's also (as a slightly silly ripple effect of Black Power) more consciousness of white immigrant communities, "ethnic" becomes more fashionable. I also know that my parents, who are a little younger than Megan would be, grew up with the "classy" cuisines being French and Italian.
Can we get away from the derail about What Is Spaghetti Bolognese, please? This is very much not a question about authentic regional Italian cuisine.
I think I know what you're talking about. Growing up, the only pasta my family ever had was spaghetti with meat sauce. this was in the 1980s and 1990s. No penne, or farfalle or anything like that. I think for a long time, spaghetti with meat sauce was the only type of pasta for a lot of Americans.
I think I first tried pesto in like 1997, when I was 16. But now, of course, spaghetti with meat sauce is just one of many kinds of pastas. So I would say that in America, pasta diversified sometimes in the 1990s.
Anyways, I specifically remember reading an article online a few years ago about this very phenomenon. It was titled something like "When Pasta Replaced Spaghetti" or "When Spaghetti Became Pasta." But I don't think that was the exact title because googling that doesn't return much. Here's a Chowhound thread that has a bunch of personal anecdotes about this, though.
I grew up in the 60's. Very anglo, whitebread American. We NEVER had spaghetti. Not once. Not with or without meatballs. I never had lasagna until I grew up and went to college.
I eat almost nothing I ate as a child. Thai? Unheard of. Sushi? Never. I remember thinking how radical yogurt was when I was in high school. The thought of curdled milk turned my stomach.
On the other hand, we ate squirrel, venison, and a lot of things no red-blooded American would touch now. Times and tastes change.
Sophia Loren, in the 50s, told an anecdote where where she was visiting New York for the first time and saw all the pizza places and thought America wasn't as rich as it said it was not realizing it was supposed to be something fun and not a meal "Like having a hot dog."
The American version of pasta with red sauce is much simpler to make, time to boil water and brown ground meat, a very handy housewife meal. It seems like it got mixed with up later with actual Bologense which is veal and milk and takes freaking forever. Someone like Megan, from cities on the east coast with big Italian-American populations (Montreal has a big one) would've absorbed some basics of noddle + sauces + meat as sufficently wholesome and Not Wonderbread.
Spaghetti and meatballs or spaghetti and meatsauce (never called bolognese) standard in my East Coast US house in the 70s and early 80s, not thought of as "Italian food" but also not a "give up and make pasta" fallback meal. Rather, a standard dinner like meatloaf, or curry chicken (with curry powder from the supermarket and not thought of as "Indian") My mom also made manicotti but that was thought of as somewhat more fancy. We are not Italian, as should be clear.
I think the book that you want is We Are What We Eat: Ethnic Food and the Making of Americans by Donna Gabaccia, who is a very respected immigration historian. It's been a long time since I read it, but I think she argues that eating "exotic" immigrant (or fake immigrant) food became a safe way for Anglo-Americans to cross class and ethnic boundaries in the early to early-mid-20th century. So they were basically a little scared of those weird people who lived in those weird neighborhoods in big cities, but they could make those people feel a little less scary and more familiar by eating what they thought of as their food. Meanwhile, ethnic entrepreneurs realized that they could make a lot of money selling watered-down versions of home-country specialties to mainstream Americans.
Prince Pasta had a campaign in 1969 about Wednesday being spaghetti night. My father, who grew up in Portland, Maine, will to this day respond with spaghetti (meaning with tomato sauce with either ground beef or meatballs) when asked what he'd like for dinner midweek.
Yeah, Mizu beat me to it. Prince made a huge contribution to making spaghetti American.
"Advertising for the company during the period before the 1950s was mainly done in Italian newspapers since spaghetti and macaroni were considered an ethnic food.
Around 1953, Mr. Pellegrino hired the advertising firm of Jerome O'Leary of Boston where they created the famous slogan "Wednesday is Prince Spaghetti Day." This was an attempt to introduce non-Italians to pasta products. The advertising at this time was done on radio. Prince sponsored "The Stan Freberg Show"; and later did television commercials sponsoring the Sunday Night Movie of the Week. This was a big advancement for Prince. Joseph P. Pellegrino II continued to take an active part in the business in the early 1960s with aggressive advertising and promotions. In 1969, the famous "Anthony" TV commercial was introduced to the public."
Megan is from Montreal. My grandpa was from there and would have been about Don Draper's age. He made a wonderful spaghetti with meat sauce, even though he wasn't Italian. It was just a popular Montreal dish. I don't know that Mad Men would have figured that in, but it's worth considering. I grew up with spaghetti in the 70s and 80s, although I'm told that spaghetti was exotic to my parent who started dating the child of my Quebecker grandpa. My grandpa must have learned to make spaghetti in the late 30s or so, since he signed up for the war at the end of his teens and didn't return.
The WWII tip might be correct. The Good Eats episode Aleyn linked mentions a 1953 cookbook by an US Army cook called Italian Cooking For The American Kitchen as formative in spreading what we think of as spaghetti and meat sauce today.
It stands to reason that said cook probably knew plenty of American GIs who'd been in Italy and craved Italian foods after the war, and thus knew there was a market for these recipes outside the Italian-American community. And his Army cook training probably prepared him to adapt Italian recipes to the American kitchen and palate.
Sadly, it's not available as an ebook via Google Books.
Just a research hint: in certain Italian parts of the US east coast (including South Philly, where I was born but not anywhere resembling where my family is 'from'), the red sauce ladled on spaghetti noodles has long been referred to as 'gravy', as any regular viewer of The Sopranos should be able to confirm.
I think Megan's connection with spaghetti is as comfort food. She mentions how her mom made it for her and she tries to cook it for the kids too. It's her go-to "Let me signal that I'm comforting you" flag. I'm imagining her parents fled Europe around WW11 so maybe it was something they brought with them? Or picked up in Montreal as Chausette suggests?
Just to back up my above 'spaghetti & gravy' comment, instead of me linking to article after article regarding the issue here's me linking to a google search of 'spaghetti & gravy', which might confuse things but also appears to open many new doors. American cuisine is confusing, so therein lies your answer. Or not.
According to Wikipedia, the Encyclopedia of Cleveland History, and NPR, Ettore "Hector" Boiardi - better known as "Chef Boyardee" - had to begin producing his spaghetti sauce and other pre-packaged Italian dishes in a factory in order to keep up with demand. This began in 1928, and by 1938 he found it necessary to move the company from Cleveland to Milton, PA to get access to enough tomatoes. At one point they were allegedly producing 250,000 cans of spaghetti sauce per day. I can't find any info on how quickly his products spread nationwide, but the company also began producing meals for the Army during WWII, and Wikipedia states that "Meat & Spaghetti in Tomato Sauce" was on the C-ration menu by 1943.
The Library of Congress notes a massive influx of Italian immigrants between 1880 and 1920, and Boiardi and the owners of Prince Pasta can't have been the only Italian-Americans looking to make their fortune by mass producing and mass marketing their native dishes (or variations thereof).
So I'd think something like in the 30 years or so before WWII, there's a growing number of Italian restaurants and Italian food products on the shelves of supermarkets, and then there's all those GI's returning to America having tasted spaghetti in meat sauce either in Italy or as a C-ration, with the GI's (being basically the core of the middle-class) providing the sort of "critical mass" to move spaghetti from "exotic" to "standard."
IOW, "sometime in the 10 - 15 years post-WWII" sounds about right to me as an answer to the question of "when?"
"Why spaghetti?" is probably because it's dead simple to make, and the ingredients (boxes of noodles, cans of sauce) were very easy to make & ship on a large scale back in the 30's, 40's and 50's.
Like others have said, I was always told that spaghetti became popular around/after World War II (similar to the spread of pizza), both from the influence of Italian immigrants (usually from Southern Italy/Sicily) and descendants opening usually affordable restaurants in NY, NJ, PA, and New England (and Montreal?), and GI's who were exposed to spaghetti in the army rations, in Italy and in these Italian American restaurants.
My mother-in-law had a popular 1960 cookbook that we inherited from her called Elegant But Easy by Marian Burros and Lois Levine. It was about making meals for company/entertaining, and included a pretty basic/classic spaghetti with red sauce with meat as one of the recipes, just called "Meat Sauce for Spaghetti", as well as a recipe for meatballs to be served with spaghetti. As Deathalicious says, Americans like meat, so meat sauce or meatballs make sense as something they would take to.
My mother, the child of German immigrants, who grew up in Philadelphia in the '30's and '40's (big Italian population) made spaghetti with meat sauce as part of her dinner meal rotation well before she (and the rest of the country) began to experiment with "ethnic" cuisines.
I think links are covered, but I can remember being a very young child in my very ethnically diverse, very tri-state hometown and asking if my Irish aunt was Italian because of how good her spaghetti and meat sauce was. I remember it being chilly, and I recall a calendar with Revolutionary war battle dates printed on it, so going to guess this was in the winter or early spring of 1976.
I note that my dearly departed Mother's 1964 copy of The Joy of Cooking has a recipe for "Italian Spaghetti with Sauce" (pg. 185) which says, "In Italy spaghetti is served in one dish, the sauce in another and grated cheese in a third." The instructions say to coat the noodles with melted butter, then cover with sauce at the table.
The suggested accompanying "Italian Meat Sauce" recipe calls for a pound of ground round and half a pound of pork, two cups of "Italian tomatoes," half a cup of "Italian tomato paste," stock, salt, pepper, and a bay leaf.
There's a lot on this in How America Eats: A Social History of U. S. Food and Culture (which I recommend!).
In the forties. fifties and sixties, living in the suburban and rural South, I knew some Italian families who were truck farmers and learned from them how to make some Italian dishes. We had enjoyed, in the forties, American spaghetti with tomato sauce as an economical and filling alternate to potato dishes. Plain old-fashioned American spaghetti from a cellophane package with sauce from a can or jar. topped by grated cheddar cheese had been a staple since the war. It also came premixed in cans and jars. That was pretty bland but it was comfort food for a generation.
Later I learned from my Italian-American friends to make what they called red gravy to be used with pasta dishes. It involved lots of garlic, onions, and a long slow browning of ground beef, taking care to break it down into the smallest bits before adding tomato paste which was sizzled just a little and followed by tomato sauce and a lot of whole tomatoes with the pot then simmering for a very long time until everything melded together and was thick and rich. Sometimes, rarely, I was presented with some homemade noodles to use with this but I never learned to make them myself. This authentic red gravy with fresh or packaged spaghetti and aged, freshly grated parmesan was a gourmet family dish of the fifties and sixties and also good for supper parties.
I made both kinds of spaghetti. In the sixties and seventies I also made lasagna and eggplant parmigiana from recipes I got from my Italian-American farmer friends. Sometime in the sixties, there was a priest from Italy staying on the farm with them for a time and he made Spaghetti Carbonara for us. We promptly added that to our repertoire that summer, along with vodka gimlets he introduced for happy hour. Party food of the sixties also included elaborate curries and the popular craze for luaus -- Hollywood Hawaiian food. In those days, fads and fashions travelled less quickly than they do today so what I experienced in the sleepy south might have been already old news in big cities. There was a real sense of exploring the world's cuisine although today, we actually do that a lot better; anybody with a computer and a few bucks who chooses can be an international gourmet. I love the internet!
I've often wondered about the Italian families who moved to the rural South and prospered as truck farmers, always growing vegetables and gravitating toward all kinds of food production and presentation. I've met them in evangelical churches and heard the story of their older generations, especially the women, who felt abandoned by their church and found it impossible to be Catholic when there were no priests available to give the sacraments to so few immigrants until one by one the families despaired of Rome and found a protestant church closer to the farm. I first met Italian-Americans at a protestant church. My first crush, in fact, was on the beautiful son of one of these farmers. That was not to be but it left me with a deep appreciation for their family atmosphere and their lovely cuisine.
Pasta (macaroni and spaghetti) with tomatoes was certainly appearing in mainstream cookbooks by 1930. The linked page seems to show that pasta was in reasonably common use in the decade prior to WWII.
In the UK tinned spaghetti was the gateway pasta, eaten widely as an alternative to baked beans in the late sixties and early seventies; then people traded up to real spaghetti, common by the mid seventies. The revolting tinned variety probably shaped expectations of what spaghetti was supposed to be, with default spaghetti al sugo coming closest and baptised bolognese for no good reason.
Might not be the same in the US.
In my copy of Fashionable Food: Seven Decades of Food Fads, Sylvia Lovegren has a couple of paragraphs on early sightings of pasta in the 1920s, and includes a 1924 recipe that involves boiling the spaghetti for one (!) hour, then pouring a cooked tomato-cream sauce over it and throwing it in the oven for a further 20 minutes.
She doesn't mention when adding meat to the sauce became a thing, and doesn't really touch pasta again until the chapter on the 1970s.
A few seasons back, Megan pitched an idea involving spaghetti. People were impressed.
The spaghetti pitch was a fluke, not a display of creative brilliance. There's no depth to Megan, she's just spaghetti. The writers are showing her up.
My mom told me that for her growing up in an Irish/WASP family (in the thirties and forties) Italian food was always something that you went out for and never cooked at home. She mentioned that people didn't like having the garlic smell in the house. I assume that there was a classist element to this attitude.
Fresh Air did a segment on this 3 years ago.
My mother, born in 1948, likes to tell the story of her mother's "spaghetti and red sauce"--egg noodles with ketchup and cottage cheese on it. This was New Jersey in the 1950s in a very Jewish, suburban household. Spaghetti was clearly on the radar even if the particulars weren't quite understood.
This is probably a pointless anecdote at this point, but I was a kid in the 1960s and 1970s, white, German, lower middle class. We were not Italian but a lot of our neighbors were. We ate spaghetti a lot. My grandfather would complain about eating strange foreign food if my mom made it when he visited. So it must have come in sometime between my grandparents time and my parents.
Somewhere at home I have some old newsletters from a hiking club in Philadelphia in the 1950s that my great aunt belonged to. One of the hikes includes a stop at an Italian restaurant, but those who don't like Italian food are assured they have American food as well.
Judging by the movies, spaghetti was in transition during the 1960s, from exotic, to safely-exotic (the sort of thing not-very-adventurous people could feel adventurous eating), to every-day.
Others have mentioned Lady and the Tramp (1955), but I think it's important to note that in the movie, spaghetti is something that you get at a fancy restaurant, while a stereotypically foreign waiter sings to you in Italian.
In The Apartment (1960) preparing spaghetti is part of showing that Jack Lemmon's character is just cosmopolitan enough. He prepares spaghetti with meatballs, but he clearly treats it as ethnic food (for example singing faux Italian gibberish while he prepares it) and he certainly doesn't have the proper equipment to prepare it, instead making do by straining it through a tennis racket. All this is in stark contrast to his sleazy, predatory boss, who has the white-bread house in the suburbs but sneaks out to take his mistresses to Chinese restaurants on the sly.
Even as late as 1967 the perceived noxiousness of the cooking smell from pasta sauce is one of the many, many bones of contention in The Odd Couple, and only persnickety Felix understands the difference between spaghetti and linguine.
And to add a personal anecdote, there are still places where spaghetti with meatballs is not a part of the classic comfort food repertoire. My wife's small-town Scandinavian-Minnesotan family will gladly eat pizza (as long as the sauce is sweet and devoid of spices) but I've never seen them eat pasta, and I think they would be rather discomfited if we tried to serve it to them.
My mom typed up a bunch of family recipes a few years ago, including one for spaghetti with meat sauce (which involves adding things like canned tomatoes and mushrooms and dried parsley to jarred sauce). It's listed as being from the kitchen of (great grandmother) Romelda, which dates it to the 1930s or 40s. I'm pretty sure Romelda lived in Michigan.
That side of the family had lived in America for several generations and was super German.
Google Books yields some pre-World War i (One) cookbook appearances for spaghetti with tomato sauce, indicating the stuff was already pretty current at that time. But nothing before 1900.
1905: "Maccaroni [or Spaghetti] and Tomatoes" (scroll to page 47) — from Italian Recipes for Food Reformers. Note: this is a vegetarian cookbook ("advocat[ing] for the discontinuance of the grosser and more barbarous forms of food, consisting of the bodies of creatures who have once had life"). The "Maccaroni" section heading notes that "[u]nder this heading may be included Spaghetti, Tagliatelli, Nouilles Gnocchi, etc."
In The Gold Rush, Charlie Chaplin cooks his shoes and then twirls his shoelaces the way you twirl spaghetti on a fork (1:59). The film came out in 1925. For the shoelace gag to be funny, eating spaghetti would have had to be totally mainstream by then.
For a taste of how American spaghetti had become by 1967, see Dinner at Eight, a seventh season episode of The Andy Griffith Show.
The residents of Mayberry act like spaghetti is an exotic Italian dish--you'll never guess the secret ingredient!--yet somehow everyone poor Andy encounters that evening has cooked another heaping helping of the stuff.
Maybe it was a Wednesday.
I remember an old b/w episode of the Andy Griffith Show in which he had to have dinner with different townspeople in their homes on successive nights and each time the housewife made her best dish to impress, spaghetti. The kicker was, each woman confided in him that she used a special secret ingredient to make it taste good: oregano. That would've been early/mid 60s.
"And to add a personal anecdote, there are still places where spaghetti with meatballs is not a part of the classic comfort food repertoire. My wife's small-town Scandinavian-Minnesotan family will gladly eat pizza (as long as the sauce is sweet and devoid of spices) but I've never seen them eat pasta, and I think they would be rather discomfited if we tried to serve it to them."
Seconding this. One of my friends growing up had a grandfather from the Midwest who seemed to find pasta one of the most offensive horrors of modern society ("look, who in their right mind would eat wet bread ??!!" was said in complete seriousness on more than one occasion).
> For the shoelace gag to be funny, eating spaghetti would have had to be totally mainstream by then.
Not true, it just had to be widely known/believed that that's how people (presumably Italians) who ate spaghetti did it.
I just pulled out the Railroader's Cookbook from the Wyoming Division of the Union Pacific... the wives put it together I think- its from 1965.
In the movie "Big Night," set in 1950s New Jersey, the restaurant-going-public's expectation of spaghetti and meatballs merits its own scene.
As recently as the eighties around Chicago, there was a strong sense among non-Italian-Americans that the "Italian" kids were trashy/lower-class/sexually licentious/etc - that was certainly how things were organized socially in my high school. It wasn't articulated quite like that, but the Italian-American kids were definitely way less likely to be in honors and were considered trashy even if they were. There were also some genuine subcultural/fashion differences in terms of hairstyles and musical taste - more of the Italian-American kids had ties to the city and were less parochial, basically.
My point being that there really used to be a lot of hostility by WASPs to people of Italian descent and that it was strong enough to persist until very recently in a relatively well-off and cultured area, so it would be no surprise that the adoption of Italian food would be uneven and political in nature.
Having moved to Minnesota from the Chicago area, I am not surprised about people's hostility to pasta. You just cannot get good Italian food around here - even the "good" local Italian food is not a shadow of what I could get in, like, the downtown of a very ordinary railroad suburb back home.
Also, MFK Fisher, writing in the thirties and forties, refers to noodles/pasta as "pastes", clearly from the wheat "pastes" used to make them, which seems to me to underline the exotic nature of pasta at the time. She was very well-traveled and non-parochial, so if something seemed novel to her, it was probably not well-known among WASPy USians.
My much older sister got married in 1969. I was 5. She would have my parents and I over for dinner once every 2 - 3 weeks, and spaghetti and meatballs was almost always the meal she made. Homemade sauce and meatballs. This was a meal my mother never made, and I had only had at restaurants before. My parents thought it exotic; I found it delicious; and, my sister found it cheap. Win, win, win. We were an upper middle class family outside of Boston. My father looked like a character from Mad Men when he went to work - suits, hat, briefcase, etc.
a couple of paragraphs on early sightings of pasta in the 1920s, and includes a 1924 recipe that involves boiling the spaghetti for one (!) hour, then pouring a cooked tomato-cream sauce over it and throwing it in the oven for a further 20 minutes.
Yeah, I've found a lot of references to baked/casserole-style pasta (often macaroni, not spaghetti) with tomato sauce from the 20s and 30s. Since that's not how most Anglo-Americans think of spaghetti with meat sauce today, it's not really an answer.
Though one point of confusion I had was how spaghetti became so ubiquitous when it revolves around what, at one time, must have been a hard to find specialty ingredient. Knowing that it had been available decades before it became popular in its modern form helps understand the transition. Spaghetti and meat sauce in the 50s is more like a tofu dish today (tofu, available in every supermarket), not a tofu dish in 1970 (tofu, a weird health food store thing).
Now that I'm more awake, coming back to add that the foodtimeline site has some history for you. If you go to the section on pasta, macaroni and noodles, they have a nice sub section on spaghetti in the U.S.A, spaghetti and meatballs, tomato sauce and tomato gravy, etc..
In thinking about the sauce, I started wondering about cheese. I looked up the history of Kraft grated parmesan, and found it was introduced in the U.S. in 1945, and in Canada a year later. This post has stuff on the rise of Italian food and cheese manufacturing.
You sound like you would enjoy The United States of Arugula: The Sun Dried, Cold Pressed, Dark Roasted, Extra Virgin Story of the American Food Revolution, for which the hardback copy has the description "One day we woke up and realized that our “macaroni” had become “pasta,” that our Wonder Bread had been replaced by organic whole wheat, that sushi was fast food, and that our tomatoes were heirlooms. How did all this happen, and who made it happen?..."
Spaghetti is mentioned in the book (according to Amazon's search) though I don't remember whether it specifically addresses the transition of that food, but the book definitely addresses the underlying question you're asking about how the US got to be more cosmopolitan in its food consumption somewhere between the 50s and the 80s. | 2019-04-24T20:58:47 | https://ask.metafilter.com/262413/What-does-it-mean-when-Megan-Draper-makes-spaghetti |
0.9962 | How much does a Counselor Pre Retirement make in Rhode Island, United States?
The average counselor pre retirement salary in Rhode Island, United States is $76,297 or an equivalent hourly rate of $37. This is 5% higher (+$3,870) than the average counselor pre retirement salary in the United States. In addition, they earn an average bonus of $3,342. Salary estimates based on salary survey data collected directly from employers and anonymous employees in Rhode Island, United States.
An entry level counselor pre retirement (1-3 years of experience) earns an average salary of $43,466. On the other end, a senior level counselor pre retirement (8+ years of experience) earns an average salary of $96,791. | 2019-04-20T14:35:11 | https://www.salaryexpert.com/salary/job/counselor-pre-retirement/united-states/rhode-island |
0.9999 | I certainly took my time with this one, haven't I?
I got Panic around the time NARS first launched their new line of Dual-Intensity blushes (there are six of them), and promptly put it aside in (excuse the pun) panic, only allowing myself to stare at it with disbelief once a day. Seriously, look at the colors and the sheen of its finish. Was this thing going on my face? I needed some time to even take the photos and swatch this blush, but that first finger-dipping led to actually playing with Panic and learning what I can do with it and what it can do for me.
NARS Dual-Intensity blush is the sibling of their Dual-Intensity eye shadow (see my swatches here, here, and here). I love the eye shadows and use them often as the focal point of an evening makeup look. They're among the most beautiful eye shadows I have, and once you figure out various ways to use each of them, they're also quite versatile. The question is if the same thing applies to a blush of similar finish and pigment intensity.
The formula of these NARS products was created to be used either dry or damp with equal effectiveness. It's not only true, but a damp brush (or a mini sponge-- try the eye shadow with the pea-size new Beauty blender) do not harm the the product that's still in the pan. It doen't change texture and never develops an icky crust. That's a brilliant feature right there. But unlike with those eye shadows where you sometimes want a foiled finish with a mega sheen, a blush might be a different story.
The swatches you see above are dry. The ones on my fingers are the result of lightly touching the surface of the blush, not even swiping it. And when I did the arm swatch I got the pearly color-fest you see in the last photo. Obviously, you need to blend this stuff as though your life depends on it, and use a small fluffy brush (a small duo-fiber is also an option). Neither the bright fuchsia nor the coral are exactly natural, but they are very very beautiful, and used judiciously they can impart some radiance and life to an otherwise sallow skin. But there's no way that I'm leaving the house sporting a metallic coral cheek, so the damp option, at least for Panic is irrelevant for me.
A friend of mine who truly understands makeup, texture and finish has told me that in her opinion the best technique for a "damp" use is actually to go all out and do a "wet" application. Meaning, mixing the blush with enough water to create a cream-to-liquid product, and then you can truly paint and blend it into a sheer color with an inner glow. I haven't tried it with Panic yet, but if NARS ever add a rich yet more muted color option to this range (it's truly missing a duo between Fervor and Adoration) I promise I'll do that. Another tip from my friend is that the real winners in this line are the highlighter colors. The more I think of it, the more Jubilation appears as a gorgeous versatile way to add dry or liquid sheen where you want it.
Bottom Line: extremely pretty, but not for the casual user.
NARS Dual-Intensity Blush In Panic ($45) is available at the counters, Sephora, NARS boutiques, and narscosmetics.com.
What's the point of this post? all the serious bloggers got the entire line from Nars and shown swatches of everything months ago. Here you are with a bunch of old news, one product and no new information from the company that promotes the blushes. Why should anyone take you seriously?
Wow Anon - if you feel this blog isn't relevant, why bother reading it much less commenting in such a nasty manner?
Perhaps I'm out of touch, these products are news to me and I'm happy to hear about them. Gaia's blog is always a fun & informative read and adds a touch of beauty to my day.
If you don't like the posts then don't read the blog. No need to be nasty and $#%^ all over the place.
Love this!! Panic would definitely be the shade I'd pick up from this range!
Thanks for your review of this product! I always enjoy reading your blog and appreciate your color cosmetic reviews since I think we share a similar skin tone. I also learned something new from the tips your friend gave you, I must try a wet application now!
Might be fun for a 70s studio 54 look?
Argh, I hate google! This is the third time I'm typing my comment - that's how much I like your blog!
Gorgeous - thanks for posting. This is the first review I've seen on the product - sounds like it would make a better gift than a personal purchase.
Will try the wet application on my bronzer - thanks for the tip!
These are gorgeous colors but wow, are they super-pigmented!
I think it may be a nice look if used under foundation for a 'lit from within' look. That's what I typically do for very bright/intense colors and it works like a charm, lasts all day but much softer a look…. I should give these a try at Sephora sometime! | 2019-04-18T20:38:46 | http://www.thenonblonde.com/2015/06/nars-dual-intensity-blush-in-panic.html |
0.999999 | How can I help my child be successful in school?
That's an excellent question, one which Ward Halverson has been asked hundreds of times over the years, first as a public school professional educator and later as a child and family therapist often working very closely with both parents and school personnel. Ward feels the best answer to that question begins first with the parents' attitude toward school and education.
Pretty much every parent values education, Ward has observed. Some parents show that value in the daily interactions with their child, and others mostly just talk about it. Those who really show it, tend to raise children who do well in school, and those who just talk about how important education is with their children, but don't follow through on a daily basis, often have children who struggle.
So how do you really show it, if that's the case?
1. Number of days in school.
2. Pages of homework read.
3. Hours of TV watched.
4. A love of reading.
5. Two parents in the home.
It should come as no surprise that children do better in school when they attend class, do their homework, and read a lot. It should also be self evident that turning the television off will help with this; Ward sees TV as essentially the opposite of reading. As for having two parents in the home, every parent knows how complex and active life with children usually is, and that help in any form - especially another loving parent - can make a huge difference.
What about being frustrated with the school system itself?
Someone once said, The schools would have driven me nuts, if it were not for the fact that I always considered it my responsibility to educate my children. I was grateful for what ever help I received along the way from them. In that sense, schools only "set the table," they cannot force children to eat. Some children have huge appetites, and cannot get enough. Others are picky eaters, and will not consume a well-balanced diet, as they should. Still others are inclined to start food fights. These activities are largely beyond the control of the schools, but usually fully within the control of parents. In that sense, holding teachers accountable for student achievement is as ludicrous as holding a dentist responsible for the number of cavities his patients receive. Ward believes that educational performance will not improve until parents realize that every home is a school, and that they are the teachers. The only thing schools can do is attempt to improve the quality of the meal being served.
It's no surprise to anyone that children need time with their parents. And even though most parents are extremely busy, whether they work outside of the home or not, they do find time to spend with their children. But they want that time to count in helping prepare their children for the world they will find outside the home.
What matters most is what we say and do at home, not how rich or poor we are or how many years of school we have finished. When children can count on getting attention at home, they have a greater sense of security and self-worth. This will help them do better not only in school, but also when they grow up.
If you think about it, school, while very important, does not really take up very much time. In the United States, the school year averages 180 days; in other industrialized nations, the school year can extend up to 240 days, and students are often in school more hours per day. So, the hours and days a child is not in school are important for learning, too.
Communicate. This is probably the most important activity we can do in our home, and it doesn't cost anything. Ask questions, listen for answers. These are no-cost, high-value things to do. Think of conversation as being like a tennis game with talk, instead of a ball, bouncing back and forth. Communication can happen any time, any place, in the car, on a bus, at mealtime, at bedtime. Ward is a huge fan of the nightly family dinner, as well as "Family Night" and other regular family activities.
Start early. Here are some things you can do when your children are young: Let them see you read, and read to them and with them. Visit the library. If they are old enough, make sure they have their own card. Keep books, magazines, and newspapers around the house. Keep pencils and paper, crayons, and washable markers handy for notes, grocery lists, and schoolwork. Writing takes practice, and it starts at home. Teach children to do things for themselves rather than do the work for them. Patience when children are young pays off later. Help children, when needed, to break a job down into small pieces, then do the job one step at a time. This works for everything - getting dressed, a job around the house, or a big homework assignment. Develop, with your child, a reasonable, consistent schedule of jobs around the house. List them on a calendar, day by day. Every home needs consistent rules children can depend on. Put a plan into action and follow through. Give each child an easy-to-reach place in which to put things away. Set limits on TV viewing so that everyone can get work done with less background noise, or just turn the TV off altogether. But if children do watch TV (or use the Internet), join them, share the process, talk about what you see and think of it.
Handling homework. These are the messages to get across to your children about homework: Education is important. Homework has to be done. Let children know that this is what you value. Try to have a special place where each child can study. Help your children plan how to do all the things they need to do - study, work around the house, play, etc. Let your children know that you have confidence in them. Remind them of specific successes they have had in the past perhaps in swimming, soccer, cooking, or in doing a difficult homework assignment. Don't expect or demand perfection. When children ask you to look at what they've done - from skating a figure 8 to a math assignment - show interest and praise them when they've done something well. If you have criticisms or suggestions, make them in a helpful way. The time we spend exchanging ideas at home with our children is vitally important in setting the tone, the attitudes, and the behaviors that make the difference in school.
In the Community. In many parts of our nation, the ties among neighbors have been weakened. For the sake of our children, they need to be rebuilt, and you can help. Be sure to introduce your children to your neighbors. You might even try a "child watch" program where adults who are home during the day keep an eye out for children when they walk to and from school and stand at bus stops. Some schools are helping families connect with the community by, for example, becoming centers for social services as well as for education. Getting to know your child's school can help you, in a very real way, get to know a major part of your community. It can also help you build a network of wider community support for your family.
At School. Parents can become involved with the schools in several different ways, by working with children at home, volunteering, sharing information, and helping to make policy. We need to remember that what works in one community (or for one family) may not necessarily work in another. It may no longer be possible for parents to volunteer as often for school activities. However, working with children at home and sharing information with the school are two things all parents can do.
How about a simpler version of that?
1. Wake kids up as early as necessary in order to be on time for school.
5. Children should keep their backpacks, desks and rooms organized so they can find what they need easily and nothing gets lost.
6. Praise your children, encourage them, use positive reinforcement, work closely with them, and let them know you are available for help if needed.
7. Create a study routine; a good rule of thumb is to have kids do their homework right when they get home from school, usually while snacking.
8. Go over homework together.
9. Check backpacks for notes, missed assignments, book orders, and such.
10. Promote healthy habits like healthy snacks which are low in sugar, or fresh fruits and vegetables.
11. Make sure your children ask questions - it's how we learn.
14. Make sure children should write down their assignments carefully. Parents should keep the number of a few classmates in case children forget to write it down.
15. Parents: be a role model.
16. Have your child read to you often and regularly.
17. Children should take notes when the teacher repeats something, tells them to write it down, says it's very important or will be on a test, or if is written on the board.
18. Children: don't cheat, don't be lazy, do your projects and assignments like reports, ahead of time. Study and learn: you will be proud of yourself.
19. During tests, read all of the directions, follow directions, read the questions carefully, and double check answers if there's time afterwards.
20. Parents: keep in touch with your children's teachers. | 2019-04-22T10:03:36 | http://wardhalverson.com/child-services/school |
0.999352 | A teenager described as a model student shot a teacher and a police officer dead and took more than 20 of his schoolmates hostage in a classroom on Monday, days before Russia hosts the Winter Olympics under tight security.
The suspect was disarmed and detained about an hour after the shootings after talking to his father, the owner of the two rifles with which he forced his way into the school in northern Moscow at midday.
The incident rattled nerves in a country on high alert for Islamist militant violence as athletes and spectators arrive for the Sochi Games, a prestige project that will help shape President Vladimir Putin's legacy.
Putin, who says young Russians are suffering from a moral vacuum left by the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, said the attack might have been avoided with better cultural education. It is almost unheard-of for a student to attack a school in Russia.
A horrific assault in 2004 on a school in Beslan in the North Caucasus, in which more than 330 people were killed, was the work of Islamist separatists.
Investigative committee spokesperson Vladimir Markin said the Moscow student may have suffered an "emotional breakdown". The attacker knocked on the door of the 10th grade class about five minutes after the start of a lesson, his classmate Ivan Chekanov, one of the students who was held hostage, said later on Monday.
"We were glad to see him at first – but then he shot the geology teacher," Chekanov (16) said.
"He fired the shot, then he got up onto the podium, laid out his rifles and said he had 100 bullets and that he had come to die."
"Andrei Nikolayevich [the teacher] was dripping with blood, he had fallen but he was still alive," he said. [The attacker] asked us: 'Why is he still alive? I killed him.' Everyone was silent."
"He said, 'Well, guys, your answer gets a 'D', and fired several more shots," Chekanov said by telephone.
The shooting sent dozens of other students scurrying into the street in sub-zero temperatures while a police helicopter landed in a snow-covered field outside and at least six ambulances rolled up to the scene.
Officials said the assailant had also shot a policeman responding to the incident, who died in hospital, and that another policeman had been wounded.
The incident began around noon when the attacker cocked a gun at a guard who tried to stop him entering the school, the federal investigative committee said. It said the guard had managed to press an alarm button, bringing police to the school.
"When the police entered, the shooter opened fire at them, wounding one and killing another." Markin said the assailant fired at least 11 shots. His father was brought in and spent 15 minutes talking to his son by phone before being given a bulletproof vest and going into the classroom.
His son began releasing students 30 minutes later, Moscow police chief Anatoly Yakunin said. "Once all the students were released and he was alone with his father, special forces ... seized the moment and the 10th grader was neutralised and detained," Yakunin said at the scene.
The attacker had phoned his mother from the classroom, Chekanov said. "Then his father called, and he told him where the geography room was, and to come unarmed."
"His father asked him what he done, where he had got the rifle," Chekanov said. "He got the weapons at home and he got the ammunition from the dresser or the cabinet – he answered something like that."
A former classmate, Sakhobudin Tagoyev, said the alleged attacker was a model student who in the past had "set an example for the whole school".
"The teachers liked and respected him," Tagoyev said in an exchange with Reuters online. "He was like Einstein."
But Tagoyev also said the alleged attacker was quick to get nervous "if something did not work out for him ... or if he got bad grades".
Russian media said the alleged assailant might have been settling a score with the geography teacher. But Markin said there were "no serious grounds" to suspect the attack was the result of a personal conflict.
Putin told a meeting of a Kremlin advisory council on the arts and culture in Pskov that "the new generation of audiences needs to be raised with good artistic taste and the ability to understand and value the theatrical, dramatic and musical arts". | 2019-04-24T00:19:23 | https://mg.co.za/article/2014-02-03-student-kills-two-in-moscow-school-in-possible-revenge-attack |
0.998649 | It helps to know that מָשִׁיחַ (moshiach or messiah) means "anointed one" and that Χριστός (Christos or Christ) is simply the Greek translation of that. They aren't two separate titles but the same title transliterated from two languages. So Messiah-bearer = Christ-bearer.
I would love to see/compete in/work as a writer for Bible Jeopardy! I've got a bunch of categories already prepared: SIMONS; 3:16s; GOLD, FRANKINCENSE, OR MYRRH? (That last one gets a little racy.) But I also have reservations about... well... I guess... hmmm. My concern involves the sub-culture(s) that would be involved and I don't know how to express it publicly so I won't try.
I'm currently reading The Handmaid's Tale and now a pet peeve of mine is when the main character's name is pronounced as "off-red" when it really should be "uv-fred" as in Of Fred. I haven't seen the TV series, but I think they pronounce it like that, and that's also how Alex pronounced it last night (i.e. the way I consider to be incorrect).
When I first began “The Handmaid’s Tale” it was called “Offred,” the name of its central character. This name is composed of a man’s first name, “Fred,” and a prefix denoting “belonging to,” so it is like “de” in French or “von” in German, or like the suffix “son” in English last names like Williamson.
I don't know the book or the TV series yet (but hey, I just discovered the Kindle book is free with Amazon Prime!), but might the point of pronouncing it that way, assuming that people in Gilead do, be to both describe and euphemistically conceal the horrifying chattel nature of the relationship? Maybe even, in the series, give the audience the chance to figure the meaning out for themselves?
I don't know the book or the TV series yet (but hey, I just discovered the Kindle book is free with Amazon Prime!), but might the point of pronouncing it that way, assuming that people in Gilead do, be to both describe and euphemistically conceal the horrifying chattel nature of the relationship?
The other handmaids have names like Ofglen and Ofwarren, which clearly wouldn't be pronounced with the first syllable as "off," so I don't think that theory would make sense. Also there definitely is not any intent to conceal the nature of the relationship.
Atwood does say the name was also meant to convey a second meaning of "offered," so there is that.
Anyway, it's a very captivating and scary book so far. I recommend it.
I was asked to write a 10 Commandments-themed trivia game for a fund-raiser for my church.
For those board members with Navy experience the miss on the rank for the 2-striper would be a good time not to have a drink in the mouth.
I got confused because, with an Air Force background, the word "stripes" sent me to enlisted ranks. I'm familiar with the insignia the clue is talking about, but somehow never thought of it as "stripes". If the clue had referenced the collar insignia (which are essentially the same between the Air Force and Navy), in this case two bars, I would have made the correct conversion from Air Force Captain to Navy Lieutenant.
For FJ!, I fell into the initial trap of thinking of Titanic which was a 1997 movie that won its Academy Awards in 1998. Even if I had avoided that mistake, and even if I had picked up on the brothers clue, I'm not sure I would have gotten it. Too bad, because I think Frances McDormand is great.
Same here. "Stripes" to me are on the shoulder, and two stripes are a corporal, or in the navy a what, petty officer?
The army captain and navy lieutenant wear two BARS, although I guess I'm forgetting naval ranks being displayed with stripes at the end of the sleeve. It's all so confusing. All I ever have to remember is that my wife outranks me. Or so she keeps saying.
This definitely had some "you either know it or you don't" flavor to it. There are actually three Naval officer ranks that have two cuff stripes -- Lieutenants Junior Grade (O-2) have a wide plus a narrow, Lieutenants (O-3) have two wides, and Rear Admirals (O-8) have a wide and an extra-wide. But in Navy jargon, only the Lieutenant is known as a two-striper. Pretty much inside baseball, and possibly too subtly esoteric to make a good Jeopardy question.
As a personal side note, my wife DID outrank me and I had to salute her every time she administered the oath at each of my reenlistment ceremonies. I was a Staff Sergeant (E-5) when I married her while she was a Captain (O-3). I retired as a Chief Master Sergeant (E-9), and she's a retired Lieutenant Colonel (O-5). Seventeen years married while on active duty; 24 years as married civilians since military retirement. We're still wondering if it will last.
Last edited by AFRET CMS on Fri Nov 30, 2018 12:19 am, edited 2 times in total.
We had a Uranus clue in this game. Contestants should get double the value if they add a guffaw to their response.
Or they can at least add ", Alex?" to the end of their response. So much funnier to say "What is Uranus, Alex?" Maybe points for saying "Where" instead of "What" as well.
We'll return to Junior High Jeopardy! after these important messages.
FJ: never heard of her, still don't know who she is.
Congrats on marrying up! My sister was a Captain but got Riffed after 12 years service (I think) and is still on the same job as a Civilian (with better pay) for 20+ years. She had married a tech sergeant and he stayed in for 20+ and also has kept the same job. The USAF was my sister's life, and she would have taken the lower pay forever. Unfortunately, she may have been derailed by the old policy against fraternization, which is a career killer. It was probably just too crowded during a forces downsizing, but the family thinks she was Major material even if she did burn my nose with a fireworks punk on my 10th birthday (lesson - don't give 2 year olds fireworks).
Did you see Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri or Fargo (1996 movie)?
Knew many folks in "mixed marriages" during our time in the service; at least during our time in the '70s through the early '90s the only specific fraternization rule was "not in the same chain of command, disclose it to each individual's commander, and keep it professional on the job." Pilots were married to weather forecasters, avionics techs were married to civil engineers, lawyers married security personnel, and there were MANY "mixed marriages" in health care (we were one -- we met when we were assigned to the same aeromedical squadron doing in-flight patient care). The USAF philosophy was very different from some of the other services, in that it treated any "fraternization" the same way, whether it was officer/enlisted, senior officer/junior officer, or senior enlisted/junior enlisted. A sergeant dating a lieutenant, a master sergeant dating a staff sergeant, or a colonel dating a captain were subject to the same rules. In other services, relationships between the enlisted and officer corps were frowned upon, but relationships within the respective corps, even between junior and senior, were OK -- and they could cause just as many problems.
Depending on the time frame, it's likely your sister simply got caught in a numbers crunch. There have been several periods of downsizing when many highly qualified people were let go when the service would have preferred to retain them. And it sometimes varied by career field, depending on overages and shortages. There were periods when super-sharp people were being riffed from one career field while relatively mediocre people in another career field were receiving retention bonuses. But her service is appreciated and I hope she enjoyed her service as much as we did ours.
Yes, I've been making the same point about the name, Kirk, dyed-in-the-wool pedant that I am.
As demonstrated by your profile pic.
Anyway, it just feels wrong to break up syllables between consecutive 'f's. It's not buf-falo or cof-fee or of-framp, so good luck convincing people it's -really- of-fred.
What I was going to say is "then it's understandable that you've never heard of her". In view of your reply, I don't think I have an appropriate response. | 2019-04-20T14:24:58 | https://jboard.tv/viewtopic.php?p=296070& |
0.999811 | Exponents are a way of representing repeated multiplication (similarly to the way multiplication is a way of expressing repeated addition). In some instances, we may need to perform operations on numbers with exponents; by learning some basic rules, we can make the process much simpler. These rules can be of great value in more advanced algebra when dealing with variables (or otherwise unspecified numbers) that have exponents.
Let's say we want to multiply two exponential expressions with the same base, such as and . The "brute force" approach to finding the product would be to expand each exponent, multiply the results, and convert back to an exponent (assuming an exponential representation of the result is desired).
Note carefully that when we multiply two exponents (again, assuming they have the same base), the result is multiplication of the factors of the first exponent and the factors of the second exponent. The total number of factors is thus the sum of the two exponents. We can generalize this rule using letters to stand in the place of unspecified numbers.
You may often see the multiplication operation expressed using a dot (·) instead of a cross ( ), or you may see it expressed without any symbol at all. Thus, each of the following expressions is equivalent to the others.
We can derive a similar rule for division. Let's take a look at what happens when we divide by .
This is nothing more than writing the original fraction in an equivalent form. Instead of the fraction involving a single number, it involves a series of operations (multiplication, in this case).
The simple way to look at this is that any factors in the numerator can simply cancel equivalent factors in the denominator. Thus, for every instance where 2 appears in the numerator and denominator, we can cross that pair off.
Let's consider one more case: what if an exponential expression is itself raised to an exponent, as with the example below?
Expand the expression to see what it looks like in terms of multiplication.
Notice that the expression in parentheses has three factors, and we must multiply this expression four times. Thus, the total number of factors of two is 12, or the product of the exponents. Generally, the rule can be stated as follows.
The key to using these rules is to note that the exponential expressions must always have the same base-the rules do not apply to exponents with different bases. To recap, the rules of exponents are the following.
Practice Problem: Write each of the following as an exponential expression with a single base and a single exponent.
Solution: In each case, use the rules for multiplying and dividing exponents to simplify the expression into a single base and a single exponent. Note in part c that any number is equal to itself raised to the first power. Note also the usefulness of these rules of exponents in part d: multiplying 150 twenty (or twenty-six) times is a tough proposition, and even most calculators cannot provide an exact product. The use of exponents, however, allows us to have an exact representation of the result.
We now look at a slightly different case: a product of two (or more) factors, all raised to an exponent. Let's consider the example below.
Notice that the expanded form has four factors of 2 and four factors of 3. This expression is the same as the following (multiplication is commutative, so we can rearrange the factors in the product).
The results should be the same; so, let's equate the two and see what information we can glean from the result.
Let's rewrite the exponential expression as follows.
But the rules of exponents allow us to write this expression as an exponent raised to another exponent.
Thus, any number a raised to the power of –1 is equal to .
Using our rules of exponents, therefore, we can determine generally what it means to raise a number to a power that is a negative number (specifically at this point, a negative integer). The derivation below follows the pattern of the example we considered above.
Let's consider a quotient (fraction) raised to a power. We can use the exponent rules we have studied thus far to derive an equivalent result. First, we'll use the above product rule as shown below.
Now, we'll use a negative exponent and other exponent rules.
Rewrite the second exponential as follows.
Practice Problem: Evaluate or simplify each expression.
Solution: Use the rules of exponents along with the fact that a negative exponent indicates that the reciprocal of the base must be taken.
Although exponents may at times seem like an obscure or less than practical mathematical tool, they have numerous important and practical applications. For instance, exponents are used in so-called scientific notation, which is a way of representing decimal values that are very large or very small. Consider the two numbers below.
Because of their sizes, writing these numbers is extremely cumbersome. If we could write them simply as 1.37 followed by some indication of the number of zeroes that follow or precede these digits, we could make the process of expressing these numbers much simpler. Note that we can obtain the larger number by repeatedly multiplying 1.37 by 10 some number of times.
We can do likewise with the smaller number. In this case, 1.37 must be divided by 10 some number of times.
In this case, the denominator contains 22 factors of 10. Let's use what we know about negative exponents to write this in a form similar to the one we used above for the larger number.
Scientific notation is this method of representing numbers. The general format is a single integer digit followed by some number of decimal places, all multiplied by an integer power of 10. Let's take a look at two more examples of conversion from standard notation to scientific notation.
Note that the exponent can also be viewed as the number of places that the decimal point must be moved to the left (for positive exponents) or to the right (for negative exponents) when going from the standard number to scientific notation.
Practice Problem: Convert each number to scientific notation.
Solution: For each number, write a decimal containing the non-zero digits with the decimal point following the first digit, then multiply by the appropriate power of 10.
Practice Problem: Convert each number in scientific notation to a decimal in standard form.
Solution: Conversion to standard form simply requires movement of the decimal point the number of places indicated by the exponent. For a negative exponent, the decimal point must be moved to the left, and for a positive exponent, it must be moved to the right. | 2019-04-25T19:43:21 | https://www.universalclass.com/articles/math/pre-algebra/the-mathematical-rules-of-solving-exponent-problems.htm |
0.999997 | I'm counting entries from a separate spreadsheet, and have figured out how to do that, e.g., =COUNTIFS(Catalog.E4:E6000,"x",Catalog.G4:G6000,"x",Catalog.M4:M6000,"x").
However, in some instances, there are other entries in the required columns beside "x", and I want to include all entries. So, in the above example, in "Catalog.M4:M6000" I need to include not only "x", but also "D" and "T". How do I adjust the formula to include all those entries?
You could possibly also use a regular expression.
This solution will not work if there are multiple characters in the same cell; I read the question initially as meaning there would be only one character per cell.
Thank you for your input. I also discovered that, to include all entries in a column (in this case, "x", "D", "T"), I just needed to replace the "x" in my original formula with "<>".
The string <> (without value) as criteria for SUMIF(S) means "not equal to empty string". So if you need to filter out empty cells, use it.
If you need to include all values possible in a column (including empty), then simply don't apply any condition to the column at all, i.e. remove the two arguments for that column from the formula. | 2019-04-23T14:12:13 | https://ask.libreoffice.org/en/question/173944/count-with-eitheror/?sort=votes |
0.999999 | Aaron Brand - Played for the (minor league) St. Johns Maple Leafs, 98-99.
Aaron Israel - Goalie, Harvard University, 94-95; with Hershey Bears (minor league) 95.
Alex Levinsky - Toronto Maple Leafs, 31-32. On first Leaf Team to win the Stanley Cup. He was also on the first Chicago Black Hawk team to win the Stanley cup (1937-38).
Bernie Wolfe - Goalie, Washington Capitals, 1976-79.
Bill Harskin - Former Winnipeg Blue Bomber (Canadian Football League). Original owner of the WHA Winnipeg Jets.
Bob Plager - St Louis Blues, 1968-76. Convert to Judaism.
Brian Shactman - Hockey star for the Amherst College Lord Jeffs in the early 1990s.
New Haven Nighthawks,1988-89; Los Angeles Kings 1990-92. Gold Medalist, Canada Maccabia Games.
Famous coach and figure in hockey. His father, David, donated the Hart Trophy, which is given annually to the Most Valuable Player. Cecil was the coach of the Montreal Maroons, 1924-26. He also coached the Montreal Canadiens, 1928-31. The Canadiens won the Stanley Cup in 1930 and 31. Only hockey figure in the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame.
Minor league with the Phoenix Road Runners, 89-90. NHL with the Buffalo Sabres in 91; and then back in the minors with the Rochester Americans 91-93.
Played for the Florida Panthers, 97-98; St. Johns Maple Leafs, 98-99.
Original owner of the Philadelphia Flyers, now President of the team. (Team was sold to Comcast Corporation.) The Flyers were the first expansion team to win the Stanley Cup. Mr. Snider refused to sign hockey players from the then Soviet Union due to the USSRs policy on Jews. In 1976, when the Soviet Red Army team threatened to leave a game against the Flyers during a rough 1st period, Mr. Snider forced the Russian team to continue to play or face a lawsuit over the contract. (The Flyers defeated the Soviet Red Army team, the only NHL team to do so in 1976.) Mr. Snider was honored by the Philadelphia Chapter of the Anti-Defamation League of Bnai Brith (ADL).
Played for the (minor league) St. Johns Maple Leafs, 98-99.
Goalie, Harvard University, 94-95; with Hershey Bears (minor league) 95.
Toronto Maple Leafs, 31-32. On first Leaf Team to win the Stanley Cup. He was also on the first Chicago Black Hawk team to win the Stanley cup (1937-38).
Former Winnipeg Blue Bomber (Canadian Football League). Original owner of the WHA Winnipeg Jets.
St Louis Blues, 1968-76. Convert to Judaism. | 2019-04-20T20:18:27 | http://www.jewogle.com/article/Sports/Hockey/ |
0.99999 | mcj882000 had the most liked content!
Why would he even bringing up the design of all things of a declassified report anyways, except as an attempted excuse to talk politics?
I'm so tired of the Flames just the bed every single time they make the playoffs, assuming they even get that far.
I bring this up again because I think I've stumbled upon something interesting about this uniform. Consider this: for the 1999-00 season there were five different NHL games on the market: EA's NHL 2000, Sony/989's NHL Faceoff 2000, Fox Interactive's NHL Championship 2000, Konami's NHL Blades of Steel 2000, and Sega's NHL 2K. EA & Sony's offerings came out before the season started (with Faceoff hitting stores on an incredibly early August 31), Fox's released right as the season was beginning, and Konami & Sega's games came out in early-2000 when the season was already half-over. I bring this up because as I've discovered, the other two games that released on or ahead of time, Faceoff and Championship, have more-or-less the exact same away jersey for the Thrashers as NHL 2000 did, with minor differences like number fonts and sock designs. Faceoff: Championship: (Not the best photos so I apologise, these old games' replay systems are a bit janky. ) So what to make of this? Either: -3 competing game studios didn't know what the jersey was going to look like, and they all made the exact same wrong guess, essentially; or my new theory: -This was actually planned to be the Thrashers' away jersey, and it was shelved before the season started but after the games were finalised.
Frankly if Columbus pulls off the sweep it'd be almost as big as winning the Cup anyways; they could even raise a banner - "2018-19: UPSET THE STRONGEST TEAM IN 23 YEARS"
There's no logical, rational reason that I like whites/lights at home, I admit - it's just what I grew up with and what I got used to, so I prefer it. Maybe also being a huge NBA fan, who themselves wore white at home until they went off the deep end with their jerseys a couple years back, contributed to that.
Bit of an odd case here, of a fictional team being used as a legal stand-in for a real team in a video game: in 2005 EA Sports released NHL 06, the PlayStation 2 version of which featured a port of the Genesis version of NHL '94, and because some non-NHL entity (either the city of Hartford or the state of Connecticut IIRC) held onto the trademarks for the Hartford Whalers after their 1997 relocation until ~2009, EA had to replace them in-game with a new team; and thus were born the Hartford Canes: Everything else about the team in-game is the same (navy & green uniforms, Brass Bonanza playing at faceoffs, etc.), they just have a different name and Hurricanes-esque (and Canadiens-esque TBH) logo.
Contraction was, and is, never going to happen. Frankly MLB was stupid for even bringing it up as a suggestion in the first place - there was no way the PA was ever gonna agree to cutting 50 full-time jobs and 30 part-time jobs (in fact I'm surprised they're apparently agreeing to do the latter now) - much less that one of the teams on the chopping block was an Original Sixteen franchise.
I don't think I could be less enthused about the idea of a black Wild jersey, to be honest. It's not a team colour so it's just for the sake of being trendy, and the team colours they do have are too dark to really work with it that well - the green in particular won't show up on black at all. This just overall sounds like a really bad idea.
Personally I'm on Team Johnny Canuck, for the simple reason that maybe the team named after him should actually feature him somewhere. If they do make him their primary logo, it only took 'em 50 years! | 2019-04-23T22:25:30 | https://boards.sportslogos.net/profile/1894-mcj882000/ |
0.999993 | Why does sugar dissolve faster in hot milk?
A solution, which is a mixture of two or more individual substances that cannot be separated by mechanical means, is formed when molecules of a substance or substances (called solutes) occupy inter-molecular spaces (spaces between the molecules) of another substance (called solvent) When the solvent is heated, it expands and creates more molecular space (as the number of molecules remains the same although the volume is increased). Availability of the additional space allows more solute to go into the solvent at a faster rate. In this case, sugar is the solute and milk is the solvent. | 2019-04-24T00:43:52 | http://www.goodkids.in/why-does-sugar-dissolve-faster-in-hot-milk/ |
0.999951 | Those who managed to catch a previous article on the delights of Dalston may recall a mention of a certain venue called Café Oto. A jewel in London's experimental music scene, with its mixture of free jazz, avant-rock, folk, and abstract electronica, this staunchly independent venue has become a huge success since opening five years ago.
An Anglo-Japanese venture ("Oto" means "sound" or "noise" in Japanese), it's sparsely-lit interior takes you into an alternative world of music that has become a by-word for, in their own words, "providing a home for creative new music that exists outside the mainstream." Most of the acts will be wilfully obscure to many, but they have hosted some big names, including Sonic Youth's Thurston Moore and Kim Gordon, The Sun Ra Arkestra (who have a Christmas residency most years), Terry Riley, Yoko Ono, bonkers Japanese space-rockers Acid Mothers Temple, and British jazz legend Evan Parker.
at an impressive 11.3%; needless to say your writer felt duty bound to try a bottle of the stuff, and promptly found himself slurring many words afterwards.
Open as a Café from 9:30am to 5:30pm (after which the venue closes for soundcheck, before reopening in the evening for concerts and talks, most of which charge an entry fee), the place can be a delight in the day.
Located on Ashwin Street, a strip hid away from the hustle and bustle of Kingsland High Street due to seemingly never-ending building works on a large patch of land, the Café sits right between the similarly independent-minded and creative Arcola Theatre and Dalston Print House venues with seats inside and outside while you enjoy their coffee. The whole vibe feels very pleasant and relaxing.
Food-wise, meanwhile, a particular recommendation is a 'residency' by Soli Zardosht in the café on Friday-Sunday (12pm-4pm), an Anglo-Iranian cook who serves some gorgeous Persian food (such as the hummus and bread dish in the picture below that your writer can vow was truly tasty), with fragrant stews and salads being a speciality. Zardosht also runs a stall on Broadway Market the rest of the time serving the same wares.
On other days, meanwhile, and capitalising on the Ango-Japanese theme of the venue, the Café serves pastries (courtesy of The Little Bread Pedlar) alongside Japanese snacks (as well as Japanese Sake and Shochu beer).
In short, the venue is a jewel in the middle of Hackney, and well needed at a time when many other alternative arts spaces in London (The Foundry and City and Arts Music Project to give just two examples) have closed down. Café Oto remains a beacon of individualism in a slowly engulfing sea of homogenisation. | 2019-04-26T14:52:30 | https://www.weekendnotes.co.uk/cafe-oto/ |
0.998812 | Kenneth Lee Pike (June 9, 1912–December 31, 2000) was an American linguist and anthropologist. He was the originator of the theory of tagmemics and coiner of the terms "emic" and "etic".
Pike was born in Woodstock, Connecticut, and studied theology at Gordon College, graduating with a B.A. in 1933. He initially wanted to do missionary work in China; when this was denied him, went on in 1935 to study linguistics with Summer Institute of Linguistics (S.I.L.). He went to Mexico with SIL, learning Mixtec from native speakers there.
In 1937 Pike went to the University of Michigan, where he worked for his doctorate in linguistics under Charles Fries. His research involved living among the Mixtecs, and he and his wife Evelyn developed a written system for the Mixtec language. After gaining his Ph. D. In 1942, Pike became president of Summer Institute in Linguistics (SIL). The Institute's main function was to produce translations of the Bible into unwritten languages, and in 1951 Pike published the Mixtec New Testament. He was the President of SIL International from 1942 to 1979.
As well as and in parallel with his role at SIL, Pike spent thirty years at the University of Michigan, during which time he served as chairman of its linguistics department, professor of linguistics, and director of its English Language Institute (he did pioneering work in the field of English language learning and teaching) and was later Professor Emeritus of the university.
He was a member of National Academy of Sciences, the Linguistic Society of America (LSA), the Linguistic Association of Canada and the United States (LACUS), and the American Anthropological Association. He served as president of LSA and LACUS.
He was nominated for the Nobel Prize 15 years in a row and the Templeton Prize three years (Headland 2001:506).
Pike is best known for his distinction between the emic and the etic. "Emic" (as in "phonemics") refers to the subjective understanding and account of meaning in the sounds of languages, while "etic" (as in phonetics") refers to the objective study of those sounds. Pike argued that only native speakers are competent judges of emic descriptions, and are thus crucial in providing data for linguistic research, while investigators from outside the linguistic group apply scientific methods in the analysis of language, producing etic descriptions which are verifiable and reproducible. Pike himself carried out studies of indigenous languages in Australia, Bolivia, Ecuador, Ghana, Java, Mexico, Nepal, New Guinea, Nigeria, the Philippines, and Peru.
Pike developed his theory of tagmemics to help with the analysis of languages from Central and South America, by identifying (using both semantic and syntactic elements) strings of linguistic elements capable of playing a number of different roles.
Pike's approach to the study of language put him outside the circle of the "generative" movement begun by Noam Chomsky, a dominant linguist, since Pike believed that the structure of language should be studied in context, not just single sentences, as seen in the title of his magnum opus "Language in relation to a unified theory of the structure of human behavior" (1967).
He became well known for his "monolingual demonstrations". He would stand before an audience, with a large number of chalkboards. A speaker of a language unknown to him would be brought in to work with Pike. Using gestures and objects, not asking questions in a language that the person might know, Pike would begin to analyze the language before the audience.
Pike also developed the constructed language Kalaba-X for use in teaching the theory and practice of translation.
When asked whether he was a missionary or a linguist, he replied "I am a mule." He explained that a mule is part horse, part donkey, combining traits of each. He pointed out that sometimes he did more of the work of a horse, other times he did more of the work of a donkey, but he was always both (Headland 2001:508). | 2019-04-22T23:07:22 | http://fampeople.com/cat-kenneth-lee-pike |
0.999293 | I find it interesting that they decided to call a spelling competition a spelling bee. How did the word bee come to also mean a competition, not just an insect?
A bee, as used in quilting bee, working bee or spelling bee, is an expression used together with another word to describe a gathering of peers to accomplish a task or to hold a competition.
[...] Sense of "meeting of neighbors to unite their labor for the benefit of one of their number," 1769, Amer.Eng., is from comparison to the social activity of the insect; this was extended to other senses (e.g. spelling bee, first attested 1809; also hanging bee "a lynching").
They have Merriam-Webster listed as a source. Thus, the specific origin of bee in this sense is ambiguous. The term spelling bee, however, is just a variation of the usage and appears to have been introduced in the early 1800s.
a community social gathering at which friends and neighbors join together in a single activity (sewing, quilting, barn raising, etc.) usually to help one person or family. The earliest known example in print is a spinning bee, in 1769. Other early occurrences are husking bee (1816), apple bee (1827), and logging bee (1836). Spelling bee is apparently an American term. It first appeared in print in 1875, but it seems certain that the word was used orally for several years before that.
So a "spelling bee" doesn't refer so much to a competition as such, but more to a gathering of people in order to partake in the singular action of spelling.
What is the etymology of 'physician'? | 2019-04-18T17:10:02 | https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/34449/what-are-the-origins-of-using-bee-to-mean-a-competition-as-in-a-spelling-bee |
0.999178 | Facial recognition technology represents a valuable, and likely inevitable, method of identification for cops and Feds. Unfortunately, it's largely unregulated, error prone, and insecure.
During a hearing held by the US House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform on Wednesday, Chairman Jason Chaffetz (R-Utah) acknowledged the potential utility of facial recognition technology even as he expressed concern about the way it is being used.
Chaffetz said the technology makes mistakes, with one in seven FBI facial recognition searches incorrectly returning a list of innocent people as matches, despite the presence of the actual matching image in the database. Chaffetz also expressed doubts about the government's ability to secure such data. "I don't believe they can keep all this information locked down and secure," he said.
At issue is whether US citizens can avoid being subject to facial recognition scans in public and which laws will govern such systems.
"Is it the right public policy to populate a database with everybody's face in it…or [just those] who have 'earned it'?" mused Chaffetz.
The hearing comes on the heels of a May 2016 Government Accountability Office report, "Facial Recognition Technology," which happens to include a spoiler in its subtitle: "FBI Should Better Ensure Privacy And Accuracy."
The GAO reviewed the FBI's Next Generation Identification-Interstate Photo System (NGI-IPS) and found that the agency failed to publish data on the privacy risks, failed to adequately evaluate the error rate of the technology, and failed to assess the accuracy of systems operated by external partners, such as states and other federal agencies.
Legislators also revisited the findings of a report published last year by Georgetown Law's Center on Privacy and Technology. According to that report, the faces of 125 million US adults have been stored in criminal facial recognition databases, most of them innocent of any crime.
EFF senior staff attorney Jennifer Lynch during her testimony observed, "An inaccurate system will implicate people for crimes they didn't commit," shifting the burden onto those individuals to prove their innocence. And those falsely implicated are more likely to be minorities because of their disproportionate representation in facial recognition databases, Lynch said.
Lynch urged the committee to introduce legislation to require a warrant for accessing non-criminal facial recognition databases and for using real-time facial recognition tracking.
Plans for that are already underway. Earlier in the hearing, Jim Jordan (R-Ohio) said he was working with lawmakers including Ted Lieu (D-Ca.) to developing a legal framework that will limit how facial recognition is used.
In prepared remarks, Alvaro Bedoya, executive director of the Center on Privacy & Technology at Georgetown Law, said law enforcement agencies in Chicago, Dallas, Los Angeles, New York and West Virginia either have brought real-time facial recognition systems, have announced plans to use the technology, or are actively exploring it. An agency in Seattle has such as system, Bedoya said, but does not use it for real-time identification.
Responding to questions during the hearing, Bedoya added that about a quarter of police body camera vendors are making provisions to implement facial recognition support in their devices.
Bedoya concluded his remarks on an optimistic note. "We do not need to choose between safety and privacy. Americans deserve both," he said. | 2019-04-24T01:48:51 | https://www.theregister.co.uk/2017/03/22/facial_recognition_tech_questioned/ |
0.999999 | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum from isolated hepatic triglyceride accumulation (steatosis); through hepatic triglyceride accumulation plus inflammation (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH); and ultimately progressing to fibrosis/cirrhosis and potentially hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption.
NAFLD is strongly associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). With the advent of increasingly sedentary lifestyles and changing dietary patterns, NAFLD prevalence has increased dramatically in concert with the rapidly progressing epidemics of both adult and childhood obesity and T2DM. NAFLD has therefore become one of the major health concerns due to its potential to progress to advanced liver disease and metabolic complications.
The overall objective of the EPoS project is to develop a global understanding of how host and environmental factors interact at the cellular, organ and organism level to promote the development of NAFLD and, importantly, the progression to fibrosing steatohepatitis (NASH) and end-stage liver disease; and so provide a clear path for integrating these datasets to inform cost effective diagnosis, prevention and treatment strategies in Europe.
Generate high quality data defining the pathophysiology of NAFLD using a multi-‘omics’ approach: Using samples and data from established histologically characterised patient cohorts, we will select individuals across the spectrum of NAFLD severity to form the ‘core’ EPoS Cohort. Large scale genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, metagenomic and metabolomic profiles will be analysed from members of this cohort.
Develop a multi-dimensional pathophysiological profile across the spectrum of NAFLD using a systems medicine platform: The complex ‘omic’ datasets will be integrated across the spectrum of NAFLD and factors that associate with and/or predict disease progression identified.
Validate these findings and identify translatable mechanisms: Specifically, we will study the effects of diet and environment on liver tissue, hepatocyte fat content, glucose/insulin tolerance, lipid homeostasis, proteomic/lipidomic signatures and the microbiome using in vitro systems and in vivo models of NAFLD. Expected outcomes include improved understanding of pathogenesis and first-stage validation of potential clinical biomarkers.
Validate findings against clinical outcomes: Findings will be subsequently validated against clinically relevant outcome measures through the longitudinal follow-up of recruited patients (and assessment of samples from additional prospectively recruited cases) to determine utility as biomarkers.
Measure health trends & clinical practice determinants: To inform future care pathway development so that new diagnostics/biomarkers and treatments from EPoS may be exploited and effectively delivered in the clinic we will assess the impact of NAFLD in European hepatological hospital medicine (including patterns of practice, clinical investigation strategies and determinants of disease severity) in cases presenting to outpatients with subsequent modelling of healthcare costs. | 2019-04-19T20:30:50 | http://epos-nafld.eu/ |
0.999997 | Why isn't the night sky uniformly at least as bright as the surface of the Sun? If the Universe has infinitely many stars, then presumably it should be. After all, if you move the Sun twice as far away from us, we will intercept one quarter as many photons, but the Sun's angular area against the sky background will also have now dropped to a quarter of what it was. So its areal intensity remains constant. With infinitely many stars, every element of the sky background should have a star, and the entire heavens should be at least as bright as an average star like the Sun.
The fact that the night sky is not as bright as the Sun is called Olbers' paradox. It can be traced as far back as Kepler in 1610, and was rediscussed by Halley and Cheseaux in the eighteen century; but it was not popularized as a paradox until Olbers took up the issue in the nineteenth century.
There's too much dust to see the distant stars.
The Universe is young. Distant light hasn't even reached us yet.
The first explanation is just plain wrong. In a black body, the dust will heat up too. It does act like a radiation shield, exponentially damping the distant starlight. But you can't put enough dust into the universe to get rid of enough starlight without also obscuring our own Sun. So this idea is bad.
The premise of the second explanation may technically be correct. But the number of stars, finite as it might be, is still large enough to light up the entire sky, i.e., the total amount of luminous matter in the Universe is too large to allow this escape. The number of stars is close enough to infinite for the purpose of lighting up the sky. The third explanation might be partially correct. We just don't know. If the stars are distributed fractally, then there could be large patches of empty space, and the sky could appear dark except in small areas.
But the final two possibilities are surely each correct and partly responsible. There are numerical arguments that suggest that the effect of the finite age of the Universe is the larger effect. We live inside a spherical shell of "Observable Universe" which has radius equal to the lifetime of the Universe. Objects more than about 13.7 thousand million years old (the latest figure) are too far away for their light ever to reach us.
Historically, after Hubble discovered that the Universe was expanding, but before the Big Bang was firmly established by the discovery of the cosmic background radiation, Olbers' paradox was presented as proof of special relativity. You needed the red shift to get rid of the starlight. This effect certainly contributes, but the finite age of the Universe is the most important effect.
References: Ap. J. 367, 399 (1991). The author, Paul Wesson, is said to be on a personal crusade to end the confusion surrounding Olbers' paradox. | 2019-04-19T04:31:18 | http://www.edu-observatory.org/physics-faq/Relativity/GR/olbers.html |
0.99931 | I have recently contacted around 30 health and wellbeing retreats and spa centres across Australia with a collaborative proposal. Perhaps somewhat unusual and cutting edge (I love cutting edge!), my proposal was cost-neutral, with multiple, tangible benefits for the wellbeing centre, clearly client-focused with unquestionable win-win-win outcomes. Essentially, the proposal involved enriching the centre's package of services available to their clients with my independent, attractively discounted, cutting edge coaching program, plus group workshops on health & wellbeing related topics both paid and free delivered at the centre. What else could you want? I thought, expecting to receive several expressions of interest, at least about the free workshops.
Some centres replied that they didn't have any practitioner positions available, but will contact me when they do. It appears that the concept of 'collaboration' was foreign to them and so they took my approach as a job seeking enquiry. A handful of initial and follow up replies from those who understood the nature of my proposal repeated pretty much the same line: "Thanks, but we are offering similar/identical services and so we are not interested in including yours." Even after my further explanation that, while their programs may be similar, they are certainly not identical, as I have developed my very own, unique methodology -- their position remained unchanged.
It struck me that what they saw was a conflict of interest, rather than an opportunity for a collaborative arrangement with an independent professional, providing more support options for their clients, plus some attractive additional benefits for the centre, included as an incentive.
What they were really saying was -- "We don't want your competition!"
I was more than disappointed -- I was stunned.
I have a vision of being a part of a wellbeing centre, with many health and wellbeing practitioners in the complementary as well as same type of fields, alongside counsellors, naturopaths, energy healers, massage therapists and -- yes, other life coaches -- working together in collaboration to deliver holistic client management and a wide range of services that the clients could choose from. What seems to elude many people in this new (?) paradigm (in the personal development/wellbeing space) is that every professional can offer something different and unique that speaks to some people and not to others. I've had clients coming to see me after completing programs with other life coaches with no results they wanted. I have also referred a number of enquirers to other professionals more suited to offer help that those people sought and needed. One size does not fit all.
Competition is an unsavoury concept to me as it delivers a win-lose outcome. Whenever I am asked by marketers and business strategists -- "Do you know your competitors?" I reply -- "I don't have any." And it's not a conceited statement saying that I'm at the top, but the reflection of my values which, thank goodness, are the unquestionable foundation of the highly evolved society we are destined to become: let's not compete but collaborate for the benefit of those whom we serve with our products, services, knowledge, skills and talents. Everyone has something unique to offer that no other person can.
The attitude of competition cuts off the energy flow. It activates the lower energy centres governing survival and power. It invokes judgment and criticism, and puts you in a silo. It creates resistance to freely communicate, exchange experiences and ideas from which we all can learn. It shuts you down, revealing your fear of not being good enough and a fear of scarcity (losing clients). This fear, by the way, is propagated by the old-school marketing principle -- "It's either you or someone else. Beware."
How about let's work together, i.e. collaborate for the benefit of those whom we serve...?
I love when a hardware store attendant says to me quarter to five: "We do have something similar that you can use, but I think the hardware two blocks away has exactly what you're looking for" and gives me meticulous directions to get there on time. They don't compete -- they collaborate to meet the customer's needs. I make sure I come back to this store with my future hardware requirements.
I allow on my website free meditation download ads right next to my own guided meditation products that I sell. It might raise eyebrows in some people; to me it's an enrichment of my services. I know that those who will benefit from my unique meditations will be drawn to and purchase my products, whether or not they will also download the free ones offered by another company. I say yes to the Universe, rather than no which would cut off the flow of the universal energy.
So -- compete or collaborate? In resolving this dilemma, remember that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. It's not just a clever throw-away line -- it's synergy, that works.
This content originally appeared on Anna's blog. | 2019-04-22T08:10:53 | https://www.huffpost.com/entry/compete-or-collaborate_n_10005322 |
0.999949 | Crime Watch: Kiwi Author skewers Dame Ngaio?
Kiwi Author skewers Dame Ngaio?
As I've noted before here on Crime Watch, including with my 'Kiwi crime bookshelves' photo back in July (see right), I've found myself collecting a lot of out of print and hard to find Kiwi crime, mystery and thriller titles over the past year or so. There have been some terrific finds in various online and 'real' secondhand bookstores etc - and since July I've probably added another 20-25 books, as well as found out about several others that could be added (if or when I can get my hands on them). Along with a strong present and a (hopefully) very bright future, New Zealand crime fiction has a much richer and more varied history than most people realise.
Recently I headed down to Nelson (my hometown) for a bit of a break, and browsed a couple of cool secondhand bookstores while I was there. There are a handful of out of print Kiwi crime books and authors that I've been trying to find copies of for quite a while, so I'm always looking out for them, along with any other books that fall within the genre that I might stumble upon. At one store I ended up walking out with about 8-10 such 'forgotten' Kiwi crime novels, including three I'd been trying to find for ages - one of which was BLUE BLOOD by Stevan Eldred-Grigg.
Eldred-Grigg isn't someone most New Zealanders would associate with crime fiction - he's an historian and author who writes in a eclectic variety of 'genres' and styles. When I was at high school we had to read ORACLES AND MIRACLES, his first novel. It's a story about two girls "living in a world of dreams while growing up in poverty" in historic Christchurch. I remember thinking it was okay, but not that great - but in fairness that was probably more to do with being a high school student who read a lot, and so was primed to be a little against the 'old, boring stuff' that the teachers 'forced' on us. I do remember enjoying the novel more than I thought I would (I thought it was okay, whereas most of my classmates hated it), and I'd probably appreciate a lot more about it if I read it now.
Eldred-Grigg's most recent book is the acclaimed non-fiction work DIGGERS, HATTERS, AND WHORES, a very lively account of the gold rushes from the 1850s to the 1870s which were "the biggest single event in the history of colonial New Zealand".
Back in 1997 though, Eldred-Grigg wrote his one and only 'crime novel', a book that stirred a little controversy at the time. BLUE BLOOD is touted as a "parody, and a darkly comic deconstruction, of the classic interwar crime novel" - I'd stumbled across a reference to it online several months ago, and had been looking out for a copy ever since, so was stoked to discover one in the secondhand bookstore on Hardy Street in Nelson (opposite Lone Star).
"Summer, 1929. Three young women are rocketing across the hot Canterbury Plains in a fast roadster: smoking, drinking - laughing. But soon all this is to change. In a plot worthy of a Ngaio Marsh fiction, lives are about to be shattered by shafts of jealousy, madness and revenge.
Stevan Eldred-Grigg's brilliant novel is a tough tale about a woman at the turning point of her creative and emotional life. It is also an enquiry - both mischievious and disturbing - into the psychopathology of a murder which might affect even the author herself."
It certainly sounds intriguing. On its release there was some media debate about whether or not the novel "cruelly defames... a cultural icon of New Zealand". Auckland journalist and reviewer Claudia Marquis called it "an enjoyable hour or two of bitchy pleasure". At least Dame Ngaio was being recognised as a cultural icon, I guess. In some ways we seem to have forgotten her a little now - at least in the wider public consciousness - although hopefully that is changing.
So I'm very much looking forward to trying BLUE BLOOD for myself, both to see Eldred-Grigg turn his hand to crime fiction (parody or not), and to form my own opinion on the (now largely-forgotten, like the book) controversy.
Have any of you read (or even heard of) this hard-to-find piece of New Zealand crime fiction history? What do you think of crime novels that incorporate fictionalised versions of real characters? Do you like scouring secondhand bookstores? What are some of the coolest books you've found in secondhand stores? Please share your thoughts and comments.
Craig - I have to admit, I hadn't heard of this one before, but it does sound awfully intriguing!! No wonder you were on the lookout for it! I'm going to be very interested in finding out what you think of it once you've read it.
Don't feel bad Margot, most Kiwis will have never heard of it either.
I imagine you're also a bit of a fan of secondhand bookstores? What sort of gems have you found over the years?
As can be expected, I hadn't heard of the novel or the author.
I don't care for the practice of turning real people into fictionalized detectives. I have tried several of them and found them uninteresting. The character is poorly developed: if the author didn't keep reminding me that the "detective" is a famous person, I would forget it. The plots are simplistic and predictable.
My guess is that if the "detective" did not happen to be "Queen Elizabeth I" or "Jane Austen" or "Charles Dickens," it probably couldn't get published.
At least, that's my opinions of the ones I've read and suspect it's true of the ones I haven't.
I found a copy of this in the wonderful Regent 24 Hour Book Sale, but haven't had a chance to read it yet. I'm intrigued to see how it portrays our Ngaio. | 2019-04-22T12:57:01 | https://kiwicrime.blogspot.com/2010/09/kiwi-author-skewers-dame-ngaio-blue.html |
0.999472 | service technician and thanks to the perfectly harmonised mobility solutions, represents the highest degree of efficiency as well as the maximum in productivity in the day-to-day work routine.
Image 1: The conversion of Volkswagen's Crafter Commercial Vehicle is based on an SR5 van racking system, which has been adapted to be branch specific for the HVAC industry.
Image 2: The conversion of Volkswagen's Crafter is based on an SR5 van racking system, which has been adapted to be branch specific for the HVAC industry.
Image 3: Even pressurised gas cylinders can be lashed directly to the SR5 aluminium side profile through holders with belts and ratchet turn buckle belt.
Image 4: The foldable workbench with vice enables mobile adjustments of materials at the site of operation.
Image 5: The conversion of Volkswagen's Crafter is based on an SR5 van racking system, which has been adapted to be branch specific for the HVAC industry.
Image 6: The conversion of Volkswagen's Crafter is based on an SR5 van racking system, which has been adapted to be branch specific for the HVAC industry.
Image 7: Sortimo demonstrates the full compatibility of the Sortimo EcoSystem in the Crafter with the integration of complementary products.
Image 8: One of the Hilti cases is integrated in the SR5 van racking system.
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Image 10: The side panel table with a load capacity of up to 50 kg, is ideally suited as a workplace in the vehicle.
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Image 2: Electricians and service technicians are guaranteed the highest levels of productivity and an optimisation of their work processes by the SR5 van racking solution.
Image 3: The rotary block which is integrated in the SR5 equipment, is particularly practical as it allows direct access to the drawer contents through the side slide door.
Image 4: The rotary block which is integrated in the SR5 equipment, is particularly practical as it allows direct access to the drawer contents through the side slide door.
Image 5: The SR5 van racking solution because it provides a consistent systemisation of the transported materials via the integrated Sortimo BOXXes and shelves.
Image 6: The SR5 van racking solution because it provides a consistent systemisation of the transported materials via the integrated Sortimo BOXXes and shelves.
Image 7: The SR5 van racking solution because it provides the maximum of organisation and structure through labelling possibilities via mySortimo labels and tool inlays.
Image 8: The SR5 van racking solution because it provides the maximum of organisation and structure through labelling possibilities via mySortimo labels and tool inlays.
Image 9: The SR5 van racking solution because it provides the maximum of organisation and structure through labelling possibilities via mySortimo labels and tool inlays.
Image 10: SR5 is compatible with the ProSafe load securing system.
Image 1: Carpenters and joiners receive a branch specific equipment solution with the woodworking solution in the Ford Transit Custom.
Image 2: Carpenters and joiners receive a branch specific equipment solution with the woodworking solution in the Ford Transit Custom.
Image 3: SR5 provides diverse possibilities for the secure and organised stowage of materials and small components in the LCV through a multitude of shelves and SR-BOXXes in various sizes.
Image 4: SR5 provides diverse possibilities for the secure and organised stowage of materials and small components in the LCV through a multitude of shelves and SR-BOXXes in various sizes.
Image 5: SR5 provides diverse possibilities for the secure and organised stowage of materials and small components in the LCV through a multitude of shelves and SR-BOXXes in various sizes.
Image 6: SR5 provides diverse possibilities for the secure and organised stowage of materials and small components in the LCV through a multitude of shelves and SR-BOXXes in various sizes.
Image 7: The two WorkMos enable mobile working directly in the vehicle or at the place of operation.
Image 8: The two WorkMos enable mobile working directly in the vehicle or at the place of operation.
Image 9: The installed XL-drawers Jumbo-Unit exploit the full depth of the vehicle and thereby provide maximum stowage area for large and heavy loads of up to 100 kg.
Image 10: The XL-drawers enable ideal access to the materials via the extremely strong telescopic slides.
Image 1: The TopSystem provides additional stowage space on the roof of the vehicle and also saves valuable time thanks to its easy operation.
Image 2: The new Sortimo floor SoboPro Restraint Pole is especially for load securing and extends the load securing in a way that adds value.
Image 3: SR5 provides lots of stowage space for tools and work materials in the area of Facility Management.
Image 4: SR5 provides lots of stowage space for tools and work materials in the area of Facility Management.
Image 5: SR5 provides lots of stowage space for tools and work materials in the area of Facility Management.
Image 6: SR5 provides lots of stowage space for tools and work materials in the area of Facility Management.
Image 7: SR5 provides lots of stowage space for tools and work materials in the area of Facility Management.
Image 8: SR5 provides diverse possibilities for the secure and organised stowage of materials and small components.
Image 1: Service technicians will find everything that the tradesman desires in the Opel Combo.
Image 2: Service technicians will find everything that the tradesman desires in the Opel Combo.
Image 3: SR5 provides diverse possibilities for the secure and organised stowage of materials and tools.
Image 4: SR5 provides diverse possibilities for the secure and organised stowage of materials and tools.
Image 5: A 180° degree rotary block is mounted on the sliding door of the Opel Combo that enables the direct access to the contained tools and consumable materials from outside.
Image 6: The sturdy and compact aluminium side profiles are the basis for each SR5 shelf and require just a small space on the vehicle floor, what ensures maximum load space usage.
Image 7: In the Opel Combo small components and consumable materials are stowed in an organised fashion in the worldwide unique SR-BOXXes.
Image 8: SR5 provides diverse possibilities for the secure and organised stowage of materials through a multitude of shelves.
Image 9: SR5 provides diverse possibilities for the secure and organised stowage of materials through a multitude of shelves. | 2019-04-23T02:48:28 | https://www.mysortimo.com/en/press/portal/vehicles-on-mysortimo-marketplace |
0.999996 | Question: When a magistrate makes a decision is it what has to happen or is there yet another step?? We saw magistrate in custody matter 2 weeks ago. They called this morning and said decision is beign mailed out today. But when I check the online docket this is what it says: "REPORT OF MAGISTRATE AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON PETITIONER'S " Is what he says only a recomendation or do the parties HAVE to do what it says?!?! I'm confused now. Please help, any personal experience, professional input, or even just thoughts? We are in Florida, case was heard in Santa Rosa County if it makes a difference.
Each state handles this a little differently. Usually magistrates do not have final decisionmaking authority over "dispositive" orders (unless, let's say, they are presiding over small claims court, traffic court, or other very small matters). The docket entry you've provided with the language therein seems to support this position. Generally, a "report and recommendations" is an order drafted by a lower judicial officer (like a magistrate) to a higher judicial officer (like a district court, circuit court, or county court judge). What it says is -- "this is what I find, and this is how I think the case should be decided." What often happens with these R&R's is that the higher judicial officer reads or reviews it, each party has time to provide "objections" to the R&R, and then the higher judicial officer either "adopts" the R&R or "overrules" it and makes his own findings and order. In many places, the higher judicial officer's review is "de novo," meaning that he does not have to give the magistrate any deference at all, if he doesn't want to. In my experience (in federal court) if no one objects to the Magistrates R&R, then the court will adopt it. (Even if there are objections, more likely than not, the Court will adopt it.) From then, it usually becomes a final order that's appealable to an appellate court as if the trial court, district court, county court, etc., had entered it. Since this appears to be state court, and you called it a "custody" matter, that throws a wrench into the certainty of my answer, since each state does family law matters much differently. But you need to check with a clerk or with an attorney to see if you can file objections to the magistrate's R&R and what "standard of review" the higher level judicial offier and how long you have to object to it if it's adverse. Good luck.
Originally Answered: I have a problem making big decisions (or any decisions for that matter) question is at bottom?
Well you sound exactly like me. A genius trapped in an idiots body. I too suffer from indecisiveness, probably a little worse. Im 26 now I still dont know what I enjoy, or what I should be doing. Of course, I am extremely naive and have been fed useless information for about 19 years by my parents until I finally had enough. Do what make you happy (within reason that is). Because the most important thing in life is to be happy, regardless of your situation. If your not happy in your current position in life, then change. But if you feel as though cant then only you can prevent forrest fires......no. This is where my brain shut off.
I do the same thing. I make plans and lists and set times to do things and it never happens. The best way I've found is to be accountable to someone. So at night, my spouse reads off a checklist for each of us and marks what we did and didn't do. There's no punishment or reward, but having it pointed out to me that I didn't do what I intended to today makes me remember it better tomorrow. Its not a perfect solution, I still forget, but each day it seems that checklist looks a little better. Maybe this is something a parent or sibling could do for you?
I don't know, I have the exact same problem! Once, I was in a shop for half an hour choosing a chocolate bar!
In the hierarchy of courts, magistrate courts are on just about the lowest rung, just above a justice of the peace. In civil law,even with a court of exclusive jurisdiction such as a tax court there is always an appeal to a higher court. But, the down side is that in your appellate brief you must allege some reversible error by either the court or by counsel for the adverse party.
Originally Answered: Decisions decisions? the husband using wifes account?
buy a cheap used mossberg 500 or one of its many clones. like $160. 12 gauge, pump action, 5+1 shotgun. a basic home defense & hunting gun if you want/. #4 birdshot for home defense and your choice of bird, buck or slug for hunting. if money is an issue right now also consider a hi point c9; its like $150 and probably the best handgun you can buy under $400. accurate, reliable, simple, rugged and inexpensive. 9mm caliber easy to find ammo and inexpensive to practice frequently. its cheap so if you find you don't like it no big loss, wouldn't set you back too much. pretty easy to dump it too if you change your mind, price it at like $100 or tell the people on hi point firearm forums and they'll gladly take it off your hands.
You already have an SKS rifle. Such a rifle can harvest game animals up to the size of deer and it has an effective range of 150 yards. You could try it on larger game animals, but it wouldn't be as effective. (In an emergency, you'll use what you have at the moment.) The SKS is effective for home defense, but there are two concerns to be aware of... ~over-penetration of projectiles may endanger bystanders ~noise from firing a rifle indoors, especially without hearing protection. For home protection and concealed carry, a handgun is preferable. For home protection only, a shotgun is very effective. But it's difficult to carry concealed while outside of the home. If you don't have the money to purchase a new firearm, then don't spend yourself into deeper debt. Just make the best use of the SKS you already have. Purchase some quality ammunition intended for your situation. There are other common-sense things you can do that may improve your home defense situation and help you remain safe while traveling outside your home. I suggest reading articles about making your home less attractive to thieves and home-invaders. I suggest also reading about personal-defense practices and strategies to keep you and your family safe while away from home.
If you have your own answer to the question judicial review of case stated, then you can write your own version, using the form below for an extended answer.
Police search warrant unsafe? a search warrant was signed by a magistrate on the information given by police?
I'm torn between 2 big decisions in my life?
I am torn between two decisions, I really can't figure out what I want to do?
AGREE? LIFE IS FULL OF DECISIONS?
2nd Amendment Supreme court decisions?
Decisions on career path;; need assistance?
Do you still believe in democracy? There are very powerful people behind the gov making all the decisions.?
Could anyone summarize these decisions cases from the Marshall Court?
Were there any events in the history of US when unconstitutional decisions had to be made?
1. What are four decisions that consumers must make when they buy goods and services? a. The producing the goo?
TV Networks base all decisions on audience 18 to 49 yr olds only. Everyone over 49 is unimportant to them?
How do I make decisions when writing a wedding guest list?
Moms and Dads: Do you and your spouse/s.o. have differing views on some parenting decisions?
Need help in thinking of fake scenarios about hard decisions for youth club?
What impact would it have on society if the courts were held more accountable for the decisions that are made?
If pro choice advocates are so against the government interfering and making decisions for a persons own body?
Some people believe that political leaders must be free to make decisions without regard to public opposition.
Question regarding future life decisions bearing relevance to college. Answers are to be explicitly relevant?
The Supreme Court decisions in New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985) and Vernonia School District v. Acton (1995) show?
My tutor at college doesnt treat me like a mature student/make my own decisions at college and im 18? | 2019-04-19T00:58:06 | http://highpointdistribution.co.uk/26777-magistrates-decisions.dhtml |
0.999999 | This article is about the Roman statesman who reorganized the army, and was seven times Consul. For other people with the name Marius, see Marius.
Gaius Marius (157 BC – January 13, 86 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. He was elected consul an unprecedented seven times during his career. He was also noted for his dramatic reforms of Roman armies, authorizing recruitment of landless citizens, eliminating the manipular military formations, and reorganizing the structure of the legions into separate cohorts. Marius defeated the invading Germanic tribes, for which he was called "the third founder of Rome." His life and career were significant in Rome's transformation from Republic to Empire.
Marius was born in 157 BC in the town of Arpinum in southern Latium. The town had been conquered by the Romans in the late 4th century BC and was given Roman citizenship without voting rights. Only in 188 BC did the town receive full citizenship. Although Plutarch claims that Marius' father was a laborer, this is almost certainly false since Marius had connections with the nobility in Rome, he ran for local office in Arpinum, and he had marriage relations with the local nobility in Arpinum, which all combine to indicate that he was born into a locally important family of equestrian status. The problems he faced in his early career in Rome show the difficulties that faced a "new man" (novus homo).
In 134 BC, he was serving with the army at Numantia and his good services brought him to the attention of Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Africanus. Whether he arrived with Scipio Aemilianus or was already serving in the demoralized army that Scipio Aemilianus took over at Numantia is not clear. According to Plutarch, in a supper with Scipio Aemilianus, Marius asked the last where the Roman people would find any such chieftain and leader to follow, and Aemilianus gently tapped on Marius' shoulder, saying: "Here, perhaps". It would seem that even at this early stage in his army career, Marius had ambitions for a political career in Rome. He ran for election as one of the twenty-four special military tribunes of the first four legions who were elected (the rest were appointed by the magistrate who raised the legion). Sallust tells us that he was unknown by sight to the electors but was returned by all the tribes on the basis of his accomplishments.
In 120 BC, Marius was returned as plebian tribune for the following year. He won with the support of Quintus Caecilius Metellus (later known as Metellus Numidicus), who was an inherited patronus. The Metelli, though neither ancient nor patrician, were one of the most powerful families in Rome at this time. During his tribunate, Marius pursued a populares line. He passed a law that restricted the interference of the wealthy in elections. In the 130s voting by ballot had been introduced in elections for choosing magistrates, passing laws and deciding legal cases, replacing the earlier system of oral voting. The wealthy continued to try to influence the voting by inspecting ballots and Marius passed a law narrowing the passages down which voters passed to cast their votes in order to prevent outsiders from harassing the electors. In the passage of this law, Marius alienated the Metelli, who opposed it.
Soon thereafter, Marius ran for the aedileship and lost. This loss was at least in part due to the enmity of the Metelli. In 116 BC he barely won election as praetor for the following year (presumably coming in sixth) and was promptly accused of ambitus (electoral corruption). He barely won acquittal on this charge, and spent an uneventful year as praetor in Rome (as Urban Praetor, Peregrine Praetor or President of the extortion court). In 114 BC, Marius' imperium was prorogued and he was sent to govern Lusitania, where he engaged in some sort of minor military operation. During this period in Roman history governors seem regularly to have served two years in Hispania, so he was probably replaced in 113 BC.
He received no triumph on his return and did not apparently run for the consulship, but he did marry Julia, the aunt of Julius Caesar. The Julii Caesares were a patrician family, but at this period seem to have found it hard to advance above the praetorship. (Only once in the 2nd century – in 157 BC – did a member of the family become consul.) To judge by this marriage, Marius had apparently achieved some substantial political or financial influence by this point (possibly from his governship in Hispania).
Under these circumstances, Marius was triumphantly elected consul later that year, for 107 BC. He was campaigning against Metellus's apparent lack of swift action against Jugurtha. Because of the repeated military debacles from 113 BC to 109 BC and the accusations that the oligarchy was open to flagrant bribery, it became easier for the virtuous new man who had worked with difficulty up the ladder of offices to be elected as an alternative to the inept or corrupt nobility. The Senate had a trick up its sleeve, however. In accordance with the provisions of the Lex Sempronia on Consular provinces, which dictated that the Senate in a given year was to determine the Consular provinces for the next year at the end of year before the elections, the Senate decided not to make the war against Jugurtha one of the provinces and to prorogue Metellus in Numidia. Marius got around this through a ploy that had been used in 131 BC. In that year there was a dispute as to who should command the war against Aristonicus in Asia, and a tribune had passed a law authorizing an election to select the commander (there was precedent for this procedure from the Second Punic War). A similar law was passed in 108 BC and Marius was voted the command by the People in this special election. Metellus shed bitter tears when he learned of the decision. Upon returning home, he avoided meeting Marius, and was granted a Triumph and the agnomen Numidicus (conqueror of Numidia).
The most dramatic and influential changes Marius made to the Roman army were named the Marian Reforms. In 107 BC, shortly after being elected as Consul, Marius, fearing Barbarian invasion, saw the dire need for an increase in troop numbers. Until this time, the standard requirements to become a Roman soldier were very strict. To be considered a soldier in the service of the republic, an individual had to be a member of the 5th Census Class or higher and own property worth over 3000 sesterces in value. Furthermore, soldiers were required to provide their own arms and uniform for combat. Marius relaxed the recruitment policies by removing the necessity to own land, and allowed all Roman citizens entry, regardless of social class (Plutarch, The Life of Marius). The benefits to the army were numerous, with the disenfranchised, unemployed masses enlisting for military service alongside the more fortunate citizens. Poorer citizens were drawn to life-long service, as they were rewarded with the prospect of settlement in conquered land. This also 'Romanized' the population in newly subjugated provinces, thus reducing unrest and lowering the chance of revolt against the Roman Republic. The new Roman army, its numbers vastly bolstered by lower class citizens whose future was tied to their permanent career, was always able to provide reserves in times of disaster. In addition, the growth of the army ensured continued military success due to the high number of fresh soldiers available for each campaign. Even though the army increased in size considerably, Marius also sought to improve organization among his troops.
Marius needed more troops, and to this effect he made a change in procedure used for recruiting troops, probably unaware of the momentous implications of this change. All of the Gracchian agrarian reforms had been premised on the traditional Roman levy, which excluded from service those whose property qualification fell below the minimum property qualification for the fifth census class. The Gracchi had tried to restore the smallholders who would constitute the majority of those qualified to serve. The end of the Gracchan land legislation did nothing to change the military crisis that gave rise to that legislation. It seems that the minimum qualification for the fifth census class (the lowest one eligible for military service) was lowered from 11,000 to 3000 sesterces of property, and already in 109 BC the consuls had had to seek suspension of Gaius Gracchus' restrictions on the levy. In 107 BC Marius decided to ignore the census qualification altogether and recruited with no inquiry into the property of the potential soldier. From now on Rome's legions would largely consist of poor citizens (the "capite censi" or "head count") whose future after service could only be assured if their general could somehow bring about a land distribution on their behalf. Thus the soldiers had a very strong personal interest in supporting their general against the Senate (i.e., the oligarchy) and the "public interest" that was often equated with the Senate. Marius did not avail himself of this potential source of support, but in less than two decades Marius' ex-quaestor Sulla would use it against the Senate and Marius.
Marius found that it wasn't as easy to end the war as he had claimed. He arrived comparatively late in 107 BC and in that year and the next he forced Jugurtha to the south and west toward Mauretania. Marius' quaestor in 107 BC had been Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix, the son of a patrician family that had fallen on hard times. Marius was supposedly unhappy at receiving the dissolute youth as his subordinate, but Sulla proved a competent military leader. By 105 the king of Mauretania, Bocchus, who was also Jugurtha's father-in-law and reluctant ally, was worried about the approaching Romans. After receiving word that an accommodation with them was possible, Bocchus insisted that Sulla make the hazardous journey to his capital, where Sulla induced Bocchus to betray Jugurtha, who was duly handed over to Sulla, thus ending the war. Since Marius held the imperium and Sulla was acting as his subordinate, the honor of capturing Jugurtha belonged strictly to Marius, but Sulla had clearly been immediately responsible and had a signet ring made for himself commemorating the event. Sulla would later claim that the credit for ending the war was his. Meanwhile, Marius was the hero of the hour, and his services would be needed in another emergency.
The Cimbri and the Teutones (both migrating Germanic tribes) appeared on the Rhône, and while Caepio was on the west bank he refused to come to the aid of Mallius on the left. Eventually the Senate got Caepio's reluctant agreement to co-operate, but even when he crossed the river to help the threatened Mallius, he refused to join forces and kept his own at a fair distance. First the Germans routed Caepio and then destroyed Mallius's army on October 6, 105 BC at Arausio. Since the Romans fought with the river at their back, flight was not possible and reportedly 80,000 were killed. The losses in the preceding decade had been bad enough, but this defeat, apparently caused by the arrogance of the nobility and its refusal to co-operate with talented non-nobles, was the last straw. Not only had huge numbers of Romans lost their lives but Italy itself was now exposed to invasion from barbarian hordes. The failure to deal with this threat marked the start of a period when dissatisfaction with the oligarchy (and thus, conflict between the optimates and the populares) was becoming increasingly, and dangerously, bitter. Sometime during this war Marius participated in the Trial of Trebonius.
The Cimbri conveniently marched into Hispania and the Teutoni milled around in northern Gaul, leaving Marius to prepare his army. One of his legates was his old quaestor, Sulla, which shows that at this time there was no ill-will between them. In 104 BC, Marius was returned as consul again for 103 BC. Though he could have continued to operate as proconsul, it seems that the position as consul would make his position as commander unassailable and avoid any problems with the consuls if he was only a proconsul. Marius seems to have been able to get exactly what he wanted, and it even seems that his support determined whom the people would elect as his colleagues (his choice was apparently determined, on several occasions, on the basis of their malleability: only Catulus in 102 BC, and Flaccus in 100 BC, would have been serious candidates in their own right without his support, and even Flaccus was described as more servant than partner in the office.) In 103 BC, the Germans still did not emerge from Hispania, and conveniently Marius's colleague (L. Aurelius Orestes, son of C. Gracchus's commander in Sardinia in 126 BC–124 BC) died, so Marius had to return to Rome to oversee the elections, being re-elected for 102 BC.
In 102 BC the Cimbri returned from Hispania into Gaul and together with the Teutones decided to invade Italy. The Teutones were to head south and advance toward Italy along the Mediterranean coast; the Cimbri were to attempt to cross the Alps into Italy from the northwest by the Brenner Pass; and the Tigurini (the allied Celtic tribe who had defeated Longinus in 107) were to cross the Alps from the northeast. This decision proved fatally flawed. The Germanic soldiers divided their forces, making each contingent manageable, and the Romans could use their shorter lines of communication and supply to concentrate their forces at will.
First, Marius had to deal with the Teutones, who were in the province of Narbonensis marching toward the Alps. He refused to give them a battle where they wanted, and withdrew to Aquae Sextiae (a settlement founded by Gaius Sextius Calvinus in 124 BC), which blocked their path. The leading contingent of the Germanic warriors, the Ambrones, foolishly attacked the Roman position without waiting for reinforcements and 30,000 were killed. Marius then hid 3,000 troops in ambush, so when the main Germanic contingent finally attacked, the hidden Roman troops could fall on them from behind. In the ensuing defeat, the Teutones were completely annihilated, to the number of something over 100,000.
Marius's colleague Quintus Lutatius Catulus in 102 BC did not have as much luck. He botched the holding of the Brenner Pass, allowing the Cimbri to advance into northern Italy by late 102 BC. Marius was in Rome, and after becoming elected consul for 101 BC and deferring his Triumph over the Teutones, he marched north to join Catulus, whose command was prorogued into 101. Finally, in the summer of that year a battle was fought at Vercellae in Cisalpine Gaul. Once again, Roman discipline overcame a larger barbarian force. At least 65,000 were killed (perhaps as many as 100,000 again) and all the remainder enslaved. The Tigurini gave up their efforts to enter Italy from the northeast and went home. Catulus and Marius celebrated a joint Triumph, but in popular thinking all the credit went to Marius, who was praised as "the third founder of Rome." Catulus became alienated from Marius and would later become one of his chief opponents. As a sort of reward (the danger was now gone) Marius was returned as consul for 100 BC. This year would not go at all well for Marius.
During this year Lucius Appuleius Saturninus was tribune for the second time (having apparently had Marius's support on both this occasion and the previous one), and advocated reforms like those earlier put forth by the Gracchi. He pushed for a bill that gave colonial lands to the veterans of the recent war and offered to lower the price of wheat distributed by the state. The Senate, however, opposed these measures and violence broke out. The Senate then ordered Marius, as consul, to put down the revolt. Marius, although he was generally allied with the radicals, complied with the request and put down the revolt in the interest of public order. He then went to the east and into retirement.
What is important in this incident is that instead of seizing the opportunity to establish himself as supreme ruler and reformer of the state, Marius showed the senate, who had always been suspicious of his motives, that he was one of them instead of the outsider that Quintus Metellus said he was in 108 BC. Marius' overall concern, for his part, was how to maintain the Senate's esteem.
After the Social War, King Mithridates of Pontus began his bid to conquer Rome's eastern provinces and invaded Greece. In 88 BC, Lucius Cornelius Sulla was elected consul. The choice before the Senate was to put either Marius or Sulla in command of an army which would aid Rome's Greek allies and defeat Mithridates. The Senate chose Sulla, but soon the Assembly appointed Marius. In this unsavory episode of low politics, he was helped by the unscrupulous actions of Publius Sulpicius Rufus, whose debts Marius had promised to erase. Sulla refused to acknowledge the validity of the Assembly's action.
Sulla left Rome and traveled to the army waiting in Nola, the army the Senate had asked him to lead against Mithridates. Sulla urged his legions to defy the Assembly's orders and accept him as their rightful leader. Sulla was successful and the legions stoned the representatives from the Assembly. Sulla then commanded six legions to march with him to Rome and institute a civil war. This was a momentous event, and was unforeseen by Marius, as no Roman army had ever marched upon Rome—it was forbidden by law and ancient tradition.
Once it became obvious that Sulla was going to defy the law and seize Rome by force, Marius attempted to organize a defense of the city using gladiators. Unsurprisingly Marius' ad-hoc force was no match for Sulla's legions. Marius was defeated and fled Rome. Marius narrowly escaped capture and death on several occasions and eventually found safety in Africa. Sulla and his supporters in the Senate passed a death sentence on Marius, Sulpicius and a few other allies of Marius. A few men were executed but (according to Plutarch), many Romans disapproved of Sulla's actions; some who opposed Sulla were actually elected to office in 87 BC. (Gnaeus Octavius, a supporter of Sulla, and Lucius Cornelius Cinna, a supporter of Marius, were elected consul). Regardless, Sulla was confirmed again as the commander of the campaign against Mithridates, so he took his legions out of Rome and marched east to the war.
Some of the soldiers went through Rome killing the leading supporters of Sulla, including Octavius. Their heads were exhibited in the Forum. All told some dozen Roman nobles had been murdered. The Senate passed a law exiling Sulla, and Marius was appointed the new commander in the eastern war. Cinna was chosen for his third consulship and Marius to his seventh consulship. After five days, Cinna and the populares general Quintus Sertorius ordered their more disciplined troops to kill the rampaging soldiers.
Marius died just one month after his return to Rome.
Cinna was elected to two more consulships afterwards and then died during a mutiny when trying to lead his forces into Greece. The forces of Sulla returned to Italy at Brundisium in 83 BC in another civil war, and Gaius Marius the Younger died defending Praeneste, a city east of Rome. Upon his return to Rome, Sulla instituted a new reign of terror that dwarfed everything that came before. Thousands, including Senators, Knights, and other Roman nobles who had supported Marius in any way, were outlawed and executed. Julius Caesar, a nephew of the wife of Marius the Elder and married to the younger daughter of Cinna, was one of the many who were outlawed. Caesar was to divorce his wife – or to be killed. The young Caesar refused to divorce his wife but several of Sulla's council and friends entreated that he let the young Caesar live. Sulla's wrath was spared on the young Caesar, but Sulla remarked: "...in this youth are many a Marius...". A great-nephew of Julius Caesar – the first emperor Augustus – was also a descendant of Gnaeus Octavius. The second wife of Caesar was Sulla's granddaughter. A descendant of Sulla married a daughter of Emperor Claudius, a great nephew of Augustus.
Marius was a successful Roman general and military reformer. His improvements to the structure and organization of the Roman legion were profound and effective. However he was, in part, responsible for the breakdown in relations with Sulla which led to Sulla's march on Rome. He himself had broken with tradition on previous occasions and his effort to reverse the Senate's appointment of Sulla as commander of the Mithridatic War was highly questionable under Roman constitutional tradition. The five days of terror upon his return to Rome saw many hundreds slaughtered in his name.
The Marian reforms to the legions, recruiting among un-propertied urban citizens, were one of the steps leading to the eventual collapse of the Republic. Marius set the precedent of recruiting among the poor and then granting these veterans land upon the conclusion of the campaign. Thus the legions became more loyal to their generals rather than the state. The loyalty of such legions is what allowed Marius himself, Sulla, and eventually Julius Caesar to march on Rome.
The historical novel The First Man in Rome, by Colleen McCullough, is largely focused upon the rise of Gaius Marius and his subsequent lengthy career. The historical novel Emperor:The Gates of Rome, by Conn Iggulden, largely based on the rise of Gaius Julius Caesar.
^ Plutarch. Life of Marius. pp. 27.5. http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Marius*.html.
^ Hildinger, Erik (2002). "Chapter 5: The Jugurthine War". Swords Against the Senate: The Rise of the Roman Army. Rome: Da Capo Press. pp. 59. ISBN 0306811685. "To gain political advantage with the common people he later claimed to have risen from poverty, but actually his father had been some sort of local knight or noble and he held the Roman citizenship – it had been granted to Arpinum in 188. Far from being a mere son of the soil, as he'd later have the ignorant believe, Marius was a knight, and though his fortune must originally have been modest by the standards of the Roman aristocracy, it would not have been entirely negligible."
^ Plutarch, (Lucius?) Mestrius. "Marius". The Parallel Lives. Loeb. pp. 565. "When, that is, he was quite young and living in the country, he had caught in his cloak a falling eagle's nest, which had seven young ones in it; at sight of this, his parents were amazed, and made enquiries of the seers, who told them that their son would be most illustrious of men, and was destined to receive the highest command and power seven times."
^ Hazel, John (2002). Who's Who in the Roman WOrld. Routledge. pp. 187. ISBN 0415291623. "[As tribune of the plebs] he threatened METELLUS Delmaticus for his opposition, thus earning the hostility of that family, which cost him the aedileship."
^ Sallust; trans. John Selby Watson. Sallust, Florus, and Velleus Paterculus. George Bell and Sons. "Per idem tempus Uticae forte C.. Mario per hostias dis supplicanti magna atque mirabilia portendi haruspex dixerat: proinde quae animo agitabat, fretus dis ageret fortunam quam saepissiine experiretur, cuncta prospere eventura. At iilum iam antea consulatus ingens cu pido exagitabat, ad quern capiendum praeter vetustatem familiae alia omnia abunde erant industria probitas mili tiae magna scientia animus belli ingens domi modicus libidinis et divi tiarum victor tantum modo gloriae avidus."
^ Shuckburgh, Evelyn Shirley. "Chapter XXXVII – The First Period of Civil Wars, 100-84". A History of Rome to the Battle of Actium. Macmillan and co. pp. 577–581.
Carney, Thomas Francis. A Biography of C. Marius. Chicago: Argonaut, 1970 (hardcover, ISBN 0824400232).
Evans, Richard J. Gaius Marius: A Political Biography. Pretoria: University of South Africa, 1994 (hardcover, ISBN 0869818503).
Kildahl, Phillip Andrew. Caius Marius. New York: Irvington Publishers, 1968 (hardcover, ISBN 0829017569).
Weinrib, Ernest Joseph. The Spaniards in Rome: From Marius to Domitian. London: Taylor & Francis Books, 1990 (hardcover, ISBN 0824033086). | 2019-04-24T07:57:00 | http://enacademic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/49375 |
0.99894 | In pushing out a new release of one of the frameworks we use in my office, I had an idea that I started exploring at home. Its previous release was built on AngularJS 1.5 using the UI-Router, and we had put in a lot of work to abstract-out data calls in the UI-Router resolve properties in our state definitions. This allowed us to build up view models very simply with a mapping of data dependencies that are automatically wired-in when a new state loads.
I wanted to see if I could do the same thing with the Angular Router, using @ngrx/store.
TL;DR: If you’re just interested in looking through the code, you can find it published on my GitHub.
The idea here was to set up page dependency data that every page in the app could declare, and the application would ultimately be responsible for pulling down from a backend and putting in a Redux-powered store. Every time a new view is loaded, new data would be stashed in the store. Every time an old view is removed form the DOM, it would be responsible for cleaning up its data.
To keep things simple, I have a basic @angular/cli app running with a single store and a single reducer with actions for adding data to the store, and removing data from the store. Since the goal here was to dynamically set a view-model based on the components loaded into the various router-outlets, I didn’t get into modifying any data in the view. To me that’s basic Redux, and there are plenty of other tutorials that do that.
I also mocked out the fetching of data by adding some mock JSON files to the assets/ folder in order to simulate a backend data call.
It’s worth noting that for simplicity sake I added this data fetch to a resolve property on each route. Since all of the views extend a BaseView class, which you’ll see, I could have added a lifecycle hook there instead. resolve was just the easier way (in my opinion) to go to get something up and running.
One of the things that’s helped our teams stay platform-agnostic has been an action-mapping setup that maps commands to data calls. On the web, this looks like overkill, but once you’re working in multiple platforms with a hybrid mobile or desktop application, where you can leverage calls to an internal database, or use device-specific threading to fetch data for your webapp, it makes a lot more sense. It also helps with cleaning up the store if you know which views are dependent on which data, as you’ll see later.
// about them as impacting how you'd build a dynamic view model.
// the goal here was to show how route actions map to data calls.
Two things are really worth noting here. The first, I’m really unhappy with how I was able to get this working. I had to run a combineLatest on a combineLatest, and that just looks terrible. I’m hoping there’s a method for flattening those two that I missed that someone can point me to. If you want to know more about how combineLatest latest works, check out the documentation.
Pretty straight-forward, right? I assign whatever variables are in the payload to a new object, combined with the already-existing state. So as, for example, a band object is resolved in ModelResolve, it’s added to the existing state, which might already have a bands array as well.
Now let’s take a look at how we can access that data, as well as clean it up automatically.
Since I’m resolving data automatically for all of my routes, I can probably go ahead and assume that there will be some boilerplate code that I can abstract out into a parent class, one that each of my view components – “smart” components in the Redux world – can extend.
Ideally, a parent class in this case would set up a subscription to the store, accessing the view-model exposed therein, as well as clean up after itself automatically when it gets removed from the DOM. That way the store doesn’t get too bloated with unnecessary data.
Ok, so now anything that extends this BaseView class will get a model instance variable for free, set up to consume whatever I have in my store. Nice. Using the routes defined above, I would have my parent list view get a model.bands property, and my child detail view get a model.band property.
At this point, my BaseView subscribes to data on initialization, and unsubscribes on destruction. Ok, that’s a good step in the right direction, but we’ll want to go one step further and make sure data is removed form the Store so that it doesn’t get bloated as a user navigates through the application.
In order to do that, we’ll first need to set up a property in the store called dependencyKeys, which will be a list of all of the data types necessary for the most-recently activated view.
Why do this, one might ask? As each view loads into a router-outlet, it’s going to fetch data and add it to the store; we can generally assume that there will always be one or more views active at a time – e.g. if you have a two-column view that shows list data on the left, and a selected item’s detail data on the right. In cases like that, once both views have been loaded, we have no way of knowing which view is responsible for which set of data in the store, unless we have some sort of reference back to the dependencies object in a view that resolved that data to the store in the first place.
With the dependencyKeys property, we can keep a list of the data types that have been resolved for the most recently activated view, based on Object.keys() of the dependencies object as it’s passed into the store.
So in clicking on a list item in the left side of a two-column view, the resulting most recently activated view will be the detail column (generally the right side), and the dependencyKeys property of the store from the list view will be overwritten with the dependencyKeys from the detail view.
So now when each view is destroyed, it’ll remove its data dependencies from the store automatically, so long as another object hasn’t written a new version of the same dependency already.
For example, in my working demo, the details view (right side in my two-column) has a data dependency of band, as does its child view. So when the details view is destroyed, it’ll make sure not to take with it any new instance of band in the store. We can assume that the band in the store is the new view’s object, since by the mantra of Redux we’re always overwriting the store, never modifying directly.
For my purposes, this ends up being a nice clean solution, and a simple way to build out the view model. Since all of the view data goes into one location, it’s easily referenced across views, if I need to for any reason. With all of this logic in place I can check-off fetching data as something that’s done by listing a few commands as I define my routes, and I can spend my time focused on other things.
Be sure to check out the code on GitHub, and feel free to leave comments below or open issues on the repo if you have any thoughts or questions.
Isn’t it better to get the data via a dispatched action and effect? | 2019-04-19T16:41:01 | https://webcake.co/dynamic-view-model-with-ngrxstore/ |
0.998755 | Between 2001-2005, Palisades Toys produced what is perhaps the single greatest toy line, ever (no hyperbole there. I hate hyperbole). Originally a celebration of the 25 anniversary of the Muppet Show, the resulting 9 series (and many exclusives) of Muppet toys were a love song to the creations of Jim Henson (Palisades also produced a limited series of Pink Panther figures of equal quality). The company went bankrupt in 2006, resulting in many announced figures being cancelled, including the first wave of Sesame Street figures, which would have brought the likes of Bert and Ernie, Oscar the Grouch, and Guy Smilie to the same fully realised form.
Collectors have since regarded the Muppet line as something of lightning in a bottle, achieving so much in a short amount of time, and with a level of quality that can't be hoped to be matched. That no other company has tried to pick up where Palisades left off is both surprising, and understandable. Would you want to follow them?
Below, I look at the 9 best figures produced by Palisades. Not best in terms of over all quality, but best in that against all odds, these things exist, and the world is the better for it. Hit the jump for the list.
Penguins, perhaps more then anything, best encapsulate the absurdity of Henson's creation. Yes, there are bears and pigs and chickens and things running around, but it all seems somehow normal. The guests accept these things. And then, occasionally, there are penguins. Gruff, slightly rude penguins. And that they exist in toy form is almost beautiful. Yes, there is a Kermit, a Fozzie, a Gonzo and the rest. That is expected. They are icons. But occasionally, there are penguins.
The Palisades line could become unusually specific at times with what they chose to create (more on that below). Even if they assumed they'd be making these figures for years to come, some of the choices were unusual. For instance, the Lobster Banditos, a trio of Mexian lobsters who appeared in seven episodes, often to terrorise the Swedish Chef. The figures come complete with sombreros, moustaches and pistolas.
For whatever reason, towards the end of the Palisades run, they made a lot (relatively to the rest)x of Muppet Treasure Island specific figures: Captain Smollett, two variations of Sam Arrow, Polly, and the Cabin Boy versions of Gonzo and Rizzo. Now, a sensibly person would ask why Treasure Island and not Christmas Carol, and they would be correct, that is a highly valid question, and I can only assume the answer has something to do with the licensing rights. But in the absence of a Charles Dickens Gonzo and Rizzo set, these will do.
Kermit the Frog for Sesame Street news is as iconic a role as Kermit himself, and one that Palisades couldn't adapt because of the aforementioned licencing rights (though they would later acquire the Street rights, thus retroactively making reporter Kermit one of only two Street figures produced). Luckily, Kermit did play his reporter alter ego on the Muppet Show, reporting from the planet Koozbane, where the natives reproduce by throwing themselves at each other at high speeds and exploding. Why wouldn't you make a play set out of that?
This figure was the largest Palisades produced. It was so big and heavy that it couldn't be boxed with the Back Stage play set as intended (more on that later), and had to be sold by himself. Literally, by himself. One of the hallmarks of the line was the sheer number of accessories that were included with each figure, but Sweetums stands alone. Though, after the fact, the Robin figure fits perfectly in his hand.
The Steve Martin episode was another sticking point with Palisades, producing several figures based on their appearance in that specific episode. Perhaps oddest of all was the Vaudeville Statler and Waldorf, released before the conventional Statler and Waldorf figures (who would be sold separately), and memorialise one of the few times the hecklers were part of the stage show (OK, just the auditions, but you get my meaning).
They released a mega version of Gonzo and Beaker as well, but only with Mega Animal can you reenact the "instra-grow" scene from The Muppet Movie.
Palisades released five major play sets during their production years: Chef's Kitchen (with Chef), Muppet labs (with Beaker), Electric Mayhem band stand (with Animal), Swinetrek bridge (with First Mate Piggy), and the creme-de-la-creme, the full Backstage. Complete with Kermit's desk, the stairs heading up to the dressing rooms, stairs heading down to the exit, and mounting places for many of the accessories that had come with the figures. The Backstage was also the only way to get the standard Rowlf figure, previously only released dressed in a tux. Considering that Henson viewed Rowlf, not Kermit, as his signature character, the rarity of the figure seems almost reverent.
Of course, there can be only one truly great toy of the line, and it could only be the one they made of Jim. Based on the appearance of the Henson Muppet used in the Country Trio (the universe is cruel enough that the Frank Oz and Jerry Nelson companion figures will never exist), the company consulted Henson's family on the design on the figure's pants, a feature the original Muppet lacked. It comes with the banjo (which can also be put to good use with the Kermit figure), and a black director's chair with Henson's signature on it. A rare (and expensive if you can find it) figure, it is the centre piece to any collection.
All of that being said, the collapse of the company left a specifically shaped void in collector's lives, based on one of the announced and cancelled future products. Next week, I attempt to fill that void. | 2019-04-18T14:35:31 | http://www.disgruntledindividual.com/2013/01/list-9-best-palisades-muppet-toys.html |
0.999806 | Trailing by as many as 11 points in the first half, the Express would go on a 24-7 run before halftime and close the game on a 33-18 run en route to a 83-68 win on the road against Columbus State.
The game was tight over the first seven minutes of the ball game, with Owens leading by a handful of points until the Cougars got the lead at 13:31 mark in the first after a free throw by the Cougars' Anthony Butler to put the home team ahead 12-11. Columbus State would go on a 12-2 run to put themselves up 24-13 with 8:44 to go in the first half. It was capped off by a pair of free throws by Mario Young.
Larry Green would start the comeback though, with a three pointer at the 7:05 mark of the half, and when the clock hit zero, the Express were on the right side of a 37-31 half time score. Marquevious Wilson's jumper with 14 seconds left in the first half was the exclamation point on the Express's plus 17 finish to the game's opening twenty minutes.
The Cougars would not go away however. Columbus State would pare the Owens lead to just in the first four minutes of the second half, on a Chris Byrd three that made the score 41-40 in favor of Owens. The Express would go on a 9-4 run to push their lead back to six, but the Cougars would answer with a 6-0 run of their own to tie the game at 50-50 with 10:54 to play in the game.
That's when Larry Green got hot. The freshman would hit four three pointers down the stretch for 12 points, while Gabe Simpson scored 9 points to help the Express pull away over the game's final ten plus minutes to secure the 15 point win in the team's final regular season road game of the season.
Simpson would finish as the game's leading scorer with 24 points on 10-19 shooting. He also finished with seven rebounds and four steals on the afternoon. Green was hot off the bench. He scored 15 points on 5-8 shooting from beyond the arc. The scoring output is Green's career high in his short career with Owens.
Three other players would finish in double figures. Julian Egbo scored 13 points on 5-7 shooting and he also grabbed eight boards in 22 minutes of play. Marquevious Wilson scored 11 points despite shooting just 5-15 from the floor. He also tied Gabe Simpson for second on the team in rebounds with seven. Jamiri Bennett had a solid outing as well. He scored 10 points on 4-8 shooting. He also grabbed six rebound and led the team with five assists during the game.
Dru Pettigrew also chipped in eight points of the bench as well in 18 minutes of action. Columbus State was led in scoring by Chris Byrd with 18 points. Anthony Butler had 15 off the bench for the Cougars.
The Express shot 40.3% (31-77) from the field and 38.5% (10-26) from three during the game. They were a perfect 11-11 from the charity stripe. The Cougars shot 37.1% (26-70) from the field and just 15.4% (2-13) from three.
Owens is now 19-7 overall after the win and 13-2 in the OCCAC, which keeps them a game behind Cuyahoga in second place with one game to play. The win was also the Express's 12th victory in a row. This is their longest win streak of the season, which started back on January 10 with a 89-63 win over Sinclair College. This is the program's longest winning streak since the 2005-2006 season when the Express won 14 games in a row. The current team has a chance to match that streak, if they are able to win the their final game of the regular season and win one game during the District tournament.
Columbus State fell to 16-9 overall and 10-6 in the OCCAC.
The Express will close out their regular season this coming Saturday March 3rd when they host Clark State . Owens won the first matchup against the Eagles back on January 27 when they won 90-87. Tip off from the SHAC is scheduled for 1:00 PM. | 2019-04-24T19:58:53 | http://owensexpress.com/sports/mbkb/2017-18/releases/201802263vkzbs |
0.998492 | Is it possible to use the Proximity Sensor near the magnetic field (magnet)?
Because the core is not used, the influence of the magnetic field is not received.
If DC/AC magnetic field is 200G or less on the sensing surface of sensor, it is possible to use it.
The proximity sensor cannot oscillate and turns on when using it in the environment where 200G or more magnetic field is generated.
The sensing distance extends when the proximity sensor does not turn on, and there is a possibility that faulty reset and turning on are generated by the environmental temperature change. | 2019-04-25T10:27:48 | https://www.ia.omron.com/support/faq/answer/41/faq00434/ |
0.997641 | It's a shame that the big snake effect at the climax was so dreadful, because all kidding aside the story really was quite good.
This time I watched the version with the enhanced special effects created for the DVD release several years ago. You want to take any guesses on whether I thought it was an improvement?
Much can be said about "special editions" and revisionist history in media. Sometimes they can be done very well, as was done with the remastering of Star Trek: The Motion Picture. Sometimes they can be done very poorly -- and yes, I am specifically thinking of the wretched meddling inflicted upon the original Star Wars trilogy by George Lucas himself. The big difference between the two? In the case of the former, the changes were specifically made to remain within the fabric of the story as was originally scripted and intended to be filmed. With the latter, I am sure that Lucas started with the best of intentions but ultimately he was just not able to contain himself. This led to overindulgent tweaking and the cramming in of spectacle for the sake of its own self and outside the fabric of the original work. The results speak for themselves.
Here, then, we have one of my favorite Fifth Doctor stories, and one in which the show's reach truly exceeded its grasp. Writer Christopher Baily didn't really understand the constraints of the program, which he fully admitted after filming completed and for which he asked for (and received) a second crack. This resulted in the excellent sequel story Snakedance in the following season, which is also one of my favorites.
Case in point, the entire story hinges on the final showdown with the Mara inside the circle of mirrors. The BBC effects department did absolutely the best they could with the material as written, and unfortunately within the constraints of the budget and technology available to them at the time that "best" was laughably bad.
Here, then, is a golden opportunity for this excellent story to get a second chance at landing the story as originally written. Not an embellishment, not a gratuitous splurge of PrettyShiny, just a chance to tell the story the way the writer originally intended and had hoped to see executed.
That, my friends, is a thing of beauty. The Mara looks amazing, in an effect that blends perfectly with the original material. This is the kind of thing that special editions were made for. I was literally running on the treadmill, grinning ear to ear, and saying, "Niiiiiiiiice...."
So yeah, it was a good day on the treadmill. This may be a ridiculous project, but two years on it still brings me a stupid amount of joy. | 2019-04-18T10:21:53 | http://timetreadmill.com/Home/Post/4435/I-think-paradise-is-a-little-too-green-for-me-as-well |
0.999999 | 1. In a large skillet, heat olive oil over medium heat. Add garlic and onions; cook for about 5 minutes until fragrant.
2. If using fresh spinach: add spinach to skillet, increase heat to medium-high and cook until spinach is tender.
3. Set aside cooked vegetables to cool.
4. In a large bowl, combine remaining ingredients: turkey meat, egg, oat flour (or breadcrumbs), parsley, oregano, pepper flakes, honey/brown sugar (optional), salt and black pepper. If using frozen spinach, add it in this step.
5. Add cooled cooked vegetables and mix thoroughly.
6. Lightly coat baking dish with cooking spray.
7. Scoop about 1/4 cup of turkey mixture and shape into balls; place into baking dish. Lightly coat or drizzle each ball with olive oil.
8. Bake meatballs uncovered for about 20-25 minutes until cooked through; turning after 10 minutes of baking if necessary.
Note: When made with oat flour, these meatballs are very moist! If you like your meatballs to have more bite use bread crumbs or a bit more oat flour. | 2019-04-19T08:26:05 | http://mybodymykitchen.com/baked-spinach-turkey-meatballs/ |
0.999387 | Is Moog Heading For a Slowdown?
In this series, I examine inventory using a simple rule of thumb: Inventory increases ought to roughly parallel revenue increases. If inventory bloats more quickly than sales grow, this might be a sign that expected sales haven't materialized. Is the current inventory situation at Moog (NYSE: MOG.A) out of line? To figure that out, start by comparing the company's inventory growth to sales growth. How is Moog doing by this quick checkup? At first glance, OK, it seems. Trailing-12-month revenue increased 3.3%, and inventory increased 7.1%. Comparing the latest quarter to the prior-year quarter, the story looks decent. Revenue expanded 2.9%, and inventory increased 7.1%. Over the sequential quarterly period, the trend looks healthy. Revenue grew 3.6%, and inventory grew 1.3%.
What's going on with the inventory at Moog? I chart the details below for both quarterly and 12-month periods.
Let's dig into the inventory specifics. On a trailing-12-month basis, finished goods inventory was the fastest-growing segment, up 6.9%. On a sequential-quarter basis, finished goods inventory was also the fastest-growing segment, up 7.0%. Moog seems to be handling inventory well enough, but the individual segments don't provide a clear signal. | 2019-04-25T17:45:59 | https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2013/05/06/is-moog-heading-for-a-slowdown.aspx |
0.999238 | Who is ISIS? What have they done? What do they want to accomplish? Where do they come from? These are the questions anybody should ask, who's not informed of the Sunni jihadist organization located in Syria and Iraq.
ISIS stands for Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, and is a self-proclaimed caliphate. A caliphate is an Islamic state that is headed by a caliph, a man who has extreme religious and political power from being chosen by Allah. The man who's in reign of ISIS, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi (Caliph Ibrahim), self-proclaimed himself as a caliph, and is establishing ISIS to claim religious authority over all Muslims across the world. ISIS hopes to establish a world-wide caliphate, where Muslims will create a world-wide government under the path of jihad. That path, however, is very unlikely to be accomplished. It's pursued by Islamic extremists that commit atrocities and war crimes, and the majority of the Islamic audience do not consider that vision.
ISIS originated in Iraq at around 2004 (before undergoing numerous name changes), shortly after the invasion led by the USA in 2003. Many of today's leaders and military strategy advisors for ISIS, gained experience in guerrilla warfare against the American military. After the American military withdrew its last troops from Iraq in 2011, ISIS took advantage of several situations. The Iraqi insurgency between the Shia-central government and Sunni-militant groups continued at a larger scale. Syria became involved in a civil war, and there was no American military presence to interfere. ISIS took control of several regions in Iraq, and began to expand in Syria, establishing its headquarters in Ar-Raqqah, Syria. They've expanded to about 100,000 fighters, and that number continues to grow, as Syrian rebels who have originally fought against ISIS, are giving in to their side. They're noticing that the Sunni-extremist group is gaining the upper hand in its conquered territories, and would be involved in an inevitable loss.
ISIS is a force to be reckoned with. They're militarily superior to practically every rebel group that exists in the Middle East, they operate businesses in their controlled territories to generate wealth for funding their campaigns. They're able to (and do) pay their fighters $400-500 a month, and are developing traits that are affiliated with mafia and gang operations. What can we do about it?
You've been informed, form an opinion. | 2019-04-26T01:38:51 | http://www.kapiwolf.com/journal/2014/8/31/isis-and-their-mission |
0.998011 | Configurable List: How to display the widget in multiple rows?
I've been working to format a Configurable List Widget into multiple rows as opposed to columns. I have 19 pieces of data I'm trying to capture utilizing different types of fields.
I've been trying to follow the instructions of this support ticket to recreate their solution, but I'm finding my fields stop displaying after the first 6.
I have cloned your form and I'm checking it right now, I will work to provide the needed CSS code to achieve what you want, please allow me some minutes, I will get back to you as soon as I have this completed.
Thank you, Kevin_G! I look forward to your update when you can.
I just have finished with the CSS code, it was quite hard because of the 19 elements that you have in your configurable list; however, it is possible to display all the fields in different lines, at this sample I will display the fields on 7 lines.
If you want to use this in other configurable list widget you can do it, the only changes that you will do are these.
It is the only code that will not change.
It is only for the first column, in your case you will use this same code 19 times, because you have 19 columns, but if you only would have 6, you will use this code only 6 times increasing the .col1 until reach the number of columns in your widget.
The same as the code above, you will use this code the same number of times as columns that you have in your widget, in this case this code is used 19 times.
You will notice that you have 19 elements in your widget, but I have used this code until the number 20 and this is because this is the number of the "Add" button, for example, if you would have only 6 elements in your widget, you will use td.col7 instead of td.col20.
I would suggest you to remove all the code that you currently have in your form in order to avoid confusion, once this is done, you need to paste all the code provided above.
Here is my cloned form with this CSS applied on it: https://form.jotform.com/60975605584971.
Feel free to clone it and see what I did, this guide will help you to clone my form: http://www.jotform.com/help/42-How-to-Clone-an-Existing-Form-from-a-URL.
I'm really blown away by the assistance you have offered me. Thank you so very much for your code AND the instruction for how it all works... incredible! I am currently incorporating your code into my form and am tweaking things to optimize the format. I'd like to show you what I've accomplished and I think I might end up having another question for you about little things like side-by-side radio buttons within this manipulated configurable list we have created.
If you can keep this ticket open I'll post my update sometime today to you.
Heck, I don't know if I can text you a coffee or something, but I'd love to thank you more formally... any forums for sending a thank you to your boss or something like that?
I'm very glad seeing you are very happy with the solution Kevin provided you, he is indeed an outstanding member of our support team, thank you for the great feedback for him.
I can't tell you enough how much I appreciate Kevin_G's assistance! He has really gone above and beyond and I truly thank him for a job well done!
I hope you had a good weekend! Say, I wanted to show you my updated form based on your input and instruction... thanks for making me dangerous! While I have two things I'd like to change, I only need to focus on one... can you help me figure out how to remove the space between the last row of data fields and that submit button? I tried to do with with the data field instructions you provided and the last column you created for the button... but it doesn't seem to impact. Any ideas? I'd also love to make the radio buttons on that first row of data fields align horizontally... but I don't want to have to tweak all my layout work arounds... if you happen to know of a trick or something without big impact, I'd be open to that too.
Here's the link to the updated form. I really appreciate your continued guidance! I'm learning a lot!
Great, thank you for sharing the result of your form, it looks good.
This code will fix the issue with the space between the widget and the submit button.
You will need to change .col3 with the class of the column where is the radio button field.
You will not need to change anything else on the code that you currently have in your form, you may paste the code provided above at the end of all the code that you currently have and it will take effect.
Please, take a look to my cloned form again, I have applied these changes: https://form.jotform.com/60975605584971.
Thanks for all of your help! I have been able to format my form just as I hoped! Thanks for all of your time and expertise!
I wish you the continued best... you are a true resource for Jotform! Keep up the great work!
First off, thank you for your kind words, I will try to keep doing my best to make JotForm users happy, this is our main target, help users to achieve what their want.
Now, I checked your form and I'm glad to see that it helped you, I also see that you were able to customize the code that I provided, this is good.
Do not hesitate to contact us anytime if you need more help or have questions, we will be more than happy to assist you. | 2019-04-20T02:40:36 | https://www.jotform.com/answers/813057-Configurable-List-How-to-display-the-widget-in-multiple-rows |
0.998847 | Facebook isn't just for friends anymore. Increasingly, businesses are using Facebook for marketing, the New York Times reported last month. And why not? With 300 million users, Facebook is likely to be home to a substantial portion of a business' prospective and existing customers. For that reason, Facebook helps businesses find new customers, build online communities to retain and provide perks to existing customers and even to access demographic information.
1. Goals and Target Audience Definition: Just like there's more than one way to skin a cat, there's more than one way to market a law practice on Facebook. To figure out which marketing approach (or approaches) are right for you, you need to define your goals and identify your target audience. For example, if you market to consumer clients, you may want to attract them with direct ads or try to educate them with articles or links to blog posts on relevant topics. As discussed below, creating a Fan Page would support these goals. By contrast, if you're trying to attract more conservative corporate clients who don't spend much time on Facebook, direct advertisements wouldn't have much value. However, you might locate these clients indirectly through referrals from colleagues whom you can get to know personally through a Facebook friends page.
2. Set Up A Fan Page: A Fan Page is a Facebook page for a business or corporate entity rather than for an individual. As a lawyer, a Fan Page is important because it provides a way that you can interact with clients without allowing them to become privy to personal information and photos that you might share with close friends. You can use a Fan page for a variety of purposes - to respond to questions about legal matters (in a general way, of course, to avoid any perception that you're giving legal advice), to share links to recent blog posts or to engage "fans" of the site in conversation. You can also use a Fan page to issue invitations to events or to make special offers available - for example, free consultations or a discount on certain legal services.
3. Direct Advertising: With so many users on Facebook, advertisements can potentially attract a large audience. Moreover, you can very specifically target ads to various demographics, including, country, state and city, gender, age and workplace. There's more information on Facebook ads available here.
4. Building Relationships: Personal referrals are the primary source of business for most lawyers. And most people prefer to make referrals to lawyers whom they know on a personal basis. Facebook offers a way to get better acquainted with colleagues and build a relationship that goes beyond the office or the bar meeting room. In addition, when you interact with colleagues more frequently, you'll be at the top of their mind if they're asked to refer a matter.
Have you thought about using Facebook to market your practice? How are you using it?
Ross Ipsa Loquitur: Thoughts on law practice management and technology issues, product reviews, etc. | 2019-04-24T22:11:31 | http://www.legalmarketingblawg.com/2009/12/marketing-a-law-firm-on-facebo.html |
0.999758 | In short, diffusion, involves molecules moving from higher concentration to lower concentration. This movement is known as the concentration gradient.
This happens with liquids and in gases. As gases are more difficult in an experiment to show children how diffusion works I will use this experiment which involves liquid, in this case water.
We will also experiment with temperatures in the experiment and talk about how temperature effects the rate of diffusion.
500ml of water to one large clear cup and 500ml of hot water to the other clear cup.
You will need a responsible adult present as you are dealing with hot water.
Now get your pipettes. Add 2ml of one colour to the centre of the top of your cold water.
The colder the water the better, so long as it is still in liquid state.
Now add 2ml of the second colour in the centre of the top of the hot water.
As I said, in this experiment we will look at how temperatures effect the rate of diffusion.
The diffusion of food colouring in hot and cold water showed us clearly how temperature effects the rate of diffusion, with the process being much faster in hot water than in cold water.
This is because heat provides energy and the energy from the heat makes the molecules up and makes the move faster so the diffusion process works quicker.
The cold can take a lot longer however it will eventually completely diffusion into the water, which is of lower concentration (as it has no food colouring in to start with) until the whole cup is full of equal amount of concentration.
Concentration gradient - gradient is the change in the volume quantity.
Diffusion is something that happens in the body, at the alveoli. As we breath in air, the air that arrives has a higher concentration of oxygen than the air in the alveoli sacs.
This increase in concentration creates a concentration gradient for oxygen what causes the oxygen to diffuse through the thin walls of the alveoli and enter the blood in the capillaries that surround the alveoli, that's being pumped around the body by the heart.
Not all the oxygen goes through the wall, the oxygen in the alveoli and the oxygen through the wall is just balanced out: we do still breath a bit of oxygen out when we exhale.
At the same time the air arriving into the alveoli effects the concentration of the carbon dioxide, as when new air comes in the carbondioxide (CO2) in the alveoli decreases as air is low in CO2 concentration.
This causes the carbon dioxide in the blood to diffuse into the alveoli, which is why there is more carbon dioxide present when we breathe out.
This experiment helps us understand how and why the exchange of these gases happen and is one of the experiments I use to demonstrate to kids how this happens.
Many of the students are interested in experiments, like diffusion,egg membrane be using for this like explanation. But this like complete evident is really a great one. If any one need a help of an expert for this like thesis paper preparation,choose custom thesis writing service provider. | 2019-04-21T00:44:34 | http://www.anordinarylife.co.uk/2015/07/science-experiment-diffussion.html |
0.914302 | Will world no. 3 Elina Svitolina be the one to end the nine-match winning streak of Petra Kvitova when they meet in the third round of the Qatar Total Open on Thursday?
Physical freshness might be the key for world no. 3 Elina Svitolina as she tries to end a six-match losing streak against Petra Kvitova at the Qatar Total Open on Thursday.
Svitolina, one of nine top-10 WTA Tour players who was in the field at the start of the week – all of them still remaining at the time of writing – has established herself a serious force at the Premier-5 level, winning all three of the Premier-5 events she contested in 2017 (Dubai, Rome and Toronto). This year it’s the Qatar Total Open’s turn to be rated Premier-5 – it alternates for that honour with the Dubai Duty Free Tennis Championships – and Svitolina extended her winning streak at Premier-5 events to 15 matches when she opened her Doha campaign with a victory over Marketa Vondrousova. The last player to beat her at a Premier-5 event? None other than Kvitova, at the Wuhan Open in 2016.
The Ukrainian, who had won just one match in three previous appearances at the Qatar Total Open, has every reason to feel great about her chances at the 2018 edition of the event. She comes into Doha at a career-high world no. 3 ranking after a career-best season in 2017, and a very bright start to 2018, winning her first ten matches of the year to claim the tenth career of her title at the Brisbane International (defeating top-10 players Karolina Pliskova and Johanna Konta) before making her first quarterfinal at the Australian Open. Svitolina might not feel too good about that Australian Open run, given that it saw her beat just one player ranked inside the top 100 and then crash out 4-6, 0-6 to the unseeded Elise Mertens in the last eight, but the Ukrainian was struggling with an injury which should mitigate that defeat.
Moreover, Svitolina has had plenty of time to recover from that injury and that defeat – unlike many of the players in the Qatar Total Open field, including Kvitova, she didn’t play Fed Cup and hadn’t played a match since the Australian Open before Tuesday’s straight-sets victory over Vondrousova, which saw the third seed turn in a self-assured performance to defeat the talented Czech 6-2, 6-4.
Kvitova, meanwhile, has had a much heavier workload of late. The Czech crashed out of the Australian Open in the first round, losing 8-10 in the third to Andrea Petkovic to cap a disappointing January which saw her win just one match. But the two-time Wimbledon champion took a wildcard into the Premier-level St Petersburg Ladies Trophy the week after the Australian Open ended and made full use of it, beating Elena Vesnina, Irina-Camelia Begu, French Open champion Jelena Ostapenko and the very in-form Julia Goerges to reach her first final since Birmingham last June, where she dropped just three games against defending champion Kristina Mladenovic to claim her twenty-first career title.
Kvitova, always a formidable indoors player and an excellent Fed Cup player, went on to extend her winning streak to seven matches when she stepped up to lead her country’s squad in singles when world no. 5 Pliskova suffered from a stomach illness, beating Viktorija Golubic and Belinda Bencic as part of a crushing victory for the Czech Republic over Switzerland.
With no first-round bye thanks to being ranked world no. 21 and hence seeded sixteenth in such a packed field, Kvitova had to make an extremely quick turnaround from indoor hard courts in Prague, where she played on Sunday, to her first match on the outdoor hard courts of Doha on Tuesday as she took on wildcard Cagla Buyukakcay. It seemed to work to her advantage as Kvitova came out swinging, playing the kind of instinctual, deadly tennis she excels at and recording a 6-0, 6-3 victory – but back on court the very next day, Kvitova had an extremely tough task against Agnieszka Radwanska, the Pole whose crafty game and superlative defense is simply a nightmare match-up for the Czech. Radwanska had won their last three matches and looked on the way to another victory when she took the first set 7-6(3) despite Kvitova having been up a break three times and serving for it once. But Kvitova orchestrated an excellent comeback, dominating the second set and then battling her way through the third to win 6-7(4), 6-3, 6-4 in over two and a half hours. Her commitment to aggressive serving and going for her shots paid off, as she finished the match with 68% of points won behind her first serve and a total of 63 winners to 54 unforced errors.
It was really a great victory for Kvitova and extended the three-time Qatar Total Open quarterfinalist’s winning streak to nine matches – but has the length and difficulty of the match hurt her chances of beating Elina Svitolina, especially when she has played so much tennis recently?
Kvitova has a superb record against Svitolina, having lost their very first match in Cincinnati in 2014 but won all six subsequent matches – five of the six in straight sets. But they haven’t played since the final of the WTA Elite Trophy in Zhuhai at the end of the 2016 season, which was before both Kvitova’s career-threatening, surgery-requiring hand injuries and Svitolina’s elevation into first a top-10 and then a top-five player throughout 2017. Neither are the same player they were when Kvitova built that 6-1 record vs Svitolina, with the Ukrainian a much improved and more aggressive player as well as much more experienced at beating top opposition on big stages. Kvitova is perhaps more of an unknown quantity, both physically – she still doesn’t have full feeling in her left hand – and mentally. I think she’ll find Svitolina much more willing and able to dictate points than before, which means that unless Kvitova can dictate points herself – which relies on an excellent serving performance – from first to last, she’ll find herself on the back foot, and I’m not sure Kvitova has the energy after so many recent matches to win this Qatar Total Open contest from there.
Halep vs Svitolina tennis live streaming, preview and predictions – Can Halep avoid fourth straight defeat to Svitolina in WTA Doha semifinals? | 2019-04-25T19:46:38 | http://www.livetennis.com/category/wta-tournaments/elina-svitolina-vs-petra-kvitova-wta-doha-tennis-live-20180214-0012/ |
0.999999 | To answer this question one should consider the plain meaning of the words, historical context, including hadith, and textual comparisons.
So what does this passage really say? First, the word used in the text for ill-conduct is nushuz, meaning a grave sin or disloyalty within the marriage. Accordingly, the verse only applies to this specific situation. Moreover, the passage lays out a three step process which requires each step be utilized and ineffective before resorting to the next step, including wadribuhunna, or lightly hitting. In fact, a husband that abuses this legal guideline by resorting to the second or third step where the first suffices is liable to pay compensation to the wife under Islamic law.
There are numerous verses in the Quran regarding marital relations which repeatedly speak about mercy and affection and kindness when discussing marital relations and marriage. Moreover, in practice, the Prophet Muhammad, the ideal for every practicing Muslim male, never hit a woman.
Prominent Islamic scholars likewise agree that spousal violence is prohibited. For instance, Ata, from the 1st century of Islam stated, “a man must not hit his wife“. Likewise, Imam Al-Bhukari named one of the chapters in his famous book “The Hitting of a Woman is Disapproved”. Furthermore, shari’ah records of Othmani courts contain evidence of “the ability of women to seek retribution when subjected to abuse”.
Thus, this verse was effectually meant to stop physical spousal abuse, diluting it to only one specific instance and only allowing it after this process was initiated and unsuccessful; and, only then was a husband allowed to hit his wife, with the caveat that he didn’t leave a mark. Subsequently, with the actions, sayings and guidance of the Prophet, and contemporaneous scholarly and legal opinions, the concept of spousal abuse has become repugnant to most Islamic scholars. Even Ibn Hajar, the pillar of late medieval Sunni Hadith scholarship, concludes that the Hadiths of the Prophet leave no doubt that striking one's wife to discipline her actually falls under the Shari’ah ruling of 'strongly disliked' or 'disliked verging on prohibited'. Accordingly, the consensus among scholars is that Islam does not condone any level of violence toward women. | 2019-04-19T00:21:10 | https://www.islamin500.org/quran/2018/2/15/the-beating-of-a-woman-verse-434 |
0.999381 | Home Unlabelled How will 3-D printing impact aerospace sourcing?
The average aerospace firm's supplier portfolio is quite large. If a company can produce certain components better than another, than it's likely to see business from enterprises specializing in constructing aircraft.
3-D printing may shift the procurement portfolios of many aerospace manufacturers, however. The technology offers a few advantages over assembly-based production, and further development promises to make 3-D printing more feasible for companies interested in transitioning responsibilities to their own facilities.
According to IndustryWeek, U.S. aerospace manufacturing has witnessed positive activity over the past three years, receiving more than $25 billion in investments since 2012. The news source commented on the findings of a study conducted by ICF International, which recorded and scrutinized approximately 2,000 investment transactions from 2012 to the present. The aerospace industry aside, the research acknowledged the fact that many operations and jobs previously established in China are now being transitioned to the U.S.
Reshoring is becoming more popular among U.S. enterprises due to the prevalence of increased factory automation, tempered energy expenses and rising labor costs in China. ICF aviation consultant Kevin Michaels maintained that these elements are a launching pad for the domestic aerospace industry.
"The U.S. has been a magnet for new aerospace investment," said Michaels, as quoted by the source. "Boeing is looking at doing more of the aero structures in its own factories."
Boeing isn't the only company transitioning production responsibilities in-house. One of its chief competitors, Airbus, is using investments from foreign enterprises to open a production plant in Alabama, offering the state 1,000 jobs. The first aircraft will be delivered from the factory in 2016.
Is 3-D printing contributing to this reshoring trend?
To be upfront, 3-D printing is somewhere in the middle between the research and full-scale production phases. Many manufacturers are exercising caution in integrating 3-D printing into their operations, leaving it to others to determine whether implementing the technology is economically feasible.
GE Aviation's operations leaders seem to think 3-D printing can do wonders for their processes. Business Insider noted the firm is investing $70 million in an Auburn, Alabama, facility that will make 3-D printed fuel nozzles for its LEAP jet engine. GE Aviation isn't "taking a chance" with 3-D printing, either - the company discovered that using additive manufacturing to create the fuel nozzles eliminates the need to weld together 20 different parts.
"We get five times the durability," said GE Aviation's 3-D printing leader Greg Morris, as quoted by Business Insider. "We have a lighter-weight fuel nozzle. And we frankly have a fuel nozzle that operates in an environment more effectively and more efficiently than previous fuel nozzles."
In regard to GE Aviation's investment, it's evident that 3-D printing is contributing to the reshoring trend, albeit on a small scale. However, if companies continue to follow GE Aviation's lead, 3-D printing may become a signature component of U.S. manufacturing.
As was mentioned earlier, further development of 3-D printing is likely to drive adoption rates. 3D Systems is a major player in the additive manufacturing space, and was recently awarded two research contracts from America Makes and the Air Force Research Laboratory, noted Aerospace Manufacturing and Design.
"These important research projects will position leading industry manufacturers to 3-D print high-performance precision parts at convincing scale with enhanced functionality," 3DS Vice President of Alliances & Partnerships Neal Orringer told the source.
This move is a clear indication that 3-D printing will become a more prevalent technology in the aerospace industry in the future. Further research and development will advance additive manufacturing's usability and feasibility. | 2019-04-23T12:42:07 | https://www.strategicsourceror.com/2015/02/how-will-3-d-printing-impact-aerospace.html |
0.999846 | How is nervous system working? It functions by sending electrical impulses across a specialized group of cells called neurons. Learn the whole process here.
The nervous system is a complex network of interconnected excitable cells. These cells, called neurons, are capable of transmitting an electrochemical signal when appropriately stimulated. Normally, a slight negative electrical potential is maintained in the neurons (relative to the outside) and this is momentarily reversed during transmission of nerve impulse.
Activation of neuron cell and generation of a nerve impulse that moves forward from its point of origin is known as action potential. As already mentioned, the inside of a neuron is slightly electrically negative. Moreover, the inside of the neuron is relatively deficient in sodium ions (positively charged) and relatively rich in potassium ions (also positively charged). Normally, the neuron cell membrane is not permeable to these sodium and potassium ions. However, there are specialized channels that open up during action potential and allow for the movement of such ions. When an action potential is initiated, sodium channels open first and this causes entry of sodium into the neuron cell and now the inside of the neuron becomes relatively positive. After this, the potassium channels open up and the potassium from inside of neuron moves out, and the inside of the cell again becomes negative. All the nerve impulses are propagated in the form of this electrical activity caused by an action potential.
Neurons are interconnected with each other at specialized junctions called the synapses. Electrical impulse travelling in a neuron is transferred to another neuron at a synapse. Transfer of signal across a synapse usually involves release of specialized chemicals, called the neurotransmitters. When an electrical impulse reaches the end of a neuron, it causes release of a neurotransmitter in the space between the two neurons. The released neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the second neurons and initiates a cascade of reactions responsible for generating new electrical impulse that propagates forward. Some synapses do not require neurotransmitter. In such synapses, the nerve terminals of the two neurons are situated very close to each other and the electrical impulse can "jump" from one to another.
Some nerves carry signals for the contraction of muscles. The point of connection of the nerve and the muscle is known as the neuromuscular junction. The signal transmission between the nerves and muscles is somewhat similar to the synapses. When the electrical signal travelling in the nerve fiber reaches the terminal portion of the nerve (near the muscles), it causes release of a neurotransmitter chemical (acetycholine). The acetycholine binds to receptors on the muscles and then initiates a chain of reactions that ultimately result in the contraction of muscle. The nerve terminals are not physically connected to the muscles.
How the nervous system works as a whole? The brain and the spinal cord constitute the central nervous system. The brain and the spinal cord are connected to the other parts of the body (muscles, organs, etc.) by nerves. These nerves, together with their neuron bodies aggregated in the ganglia outside the spinal cord form the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system is further subdivided into somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system.
Somatic nervous system carries the voluntary nerve impulses causing the contraction of the skeletal (~voluntary) muscles in the body. Therefore, this division of the nervous system controls the movements of the body. The nerve fibers of the somatic nervous system are carried in the spinal nerves and the cranial nerves.
Autonomic nervous system or the visceral nervous system is the second major subdivision of the peripheral nervous system. It is also called involuntary nervous system because it is not under conscious control of the brain. In some special cases (for e.g. breathing), the functioning of autonomic nervous system can be slightly altered by the conscious control. The autonomic nervous system has control over variety of functions like heart rate, respiration, sexual arousal, salivation, sweating, size of pupils, urination etc. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) is subdivided into two subsystems: parasympathetic nervous system and sympathetic nervous system.
Other than these, there are various other sensory receptors in the human body that sense variety of physiological parameters, for e.g. blood pressure (baroreceptors), carbon dioxide and oxygen in the blood (chemoreceptors), lung's stretch (pulmonary stretch receptors), etc.
Functioning of all the sensory modalities is organized on same general outline. There is a receptor capable of sensing a physiological parameter, and this receptor is linked to a sensory nerve that carries the information to central nervous system. The information is processed in the central nervous system and appropriate response (if needed) is send through the nerves. | 2019-04-23T18:31:59 | https://www.md-health.com/How-The-Nervous-System-Works.html |
0.998482 | What's the answer for failing schools?
"During my administration, funding for education has increased by over $930 million."
The state of Georgia lost 16 percent of its employees last year, and that percentage has risen over the past three years.
The Georgia Department of Economic Development assisted with the creation of 28,776 jobs, an increase of 29 percent from last fiscal year, and $5.97 billion in investments, a 32 percent increase.
"Over the last 10 years, Georgia's public health has declined."
"Illegal aliens are costing Georgia taxpayers over a billion dollars every year." | 2019-04-19T10:37:27 | https://www.politifact.com/personalities/nathan-deal/statements/byruling/half-true/ |
0.999377 | These steps demonstrate the simplicity of daily operation of Aqua Phase from start-up to shut-down. You will notice that there are only FIVE steps for actually washing an item in Aqua Phase.
Inspect water supply hose connections - check to make certain fill and drain hoses are properly connected to Aqua Phase.
Reservoir Screen - check to make certain reservoir screen is clean and in place (reservoir screen is located in the bottom of the water reservoir located inside the wash chamber).
Water Reservoir - check to make certain that the water reservoir is free of debris.
Rear Filter Screen (if present, newer models do not have a rear filter screen) - check rear filter screen and clean if necessary.
Chemical Solutions - check chemical supply levels.
Power Supply - plug in Aqua Phase and press the reset button located on the GFCI (ground fault circuit interrupter) in the Aqua Phase power cord.
Water Supply - turn on water supply.
1. Load the item to be washed into wash chamber and close the front door.
1. For washing wheelchairs - position the front, small diameter wheels into the wheel carriage loading rack, tip the wheelchair forward, and slide it into the wash chamber until the rear, large diameter wheels rest between the rotation system drive bars.
2. For washing items other than wheelchairs - it is recommended that you use the Equipment Rack for easy loading, positioning, and unloading.
2. Select the "Wash Time" (3, 5, or 7 minutes) on the control panel if your Aqua Phase is equipped with variable wash times. Choose the length of wash time based on the condition of the item to be washed.
3. Set the "Run/Drain" switch on the control panel to "Run".
4. Select the wash mode ("Clean & Disinfect", "Clean Only," or "Disinfect Only") on the control panel if your Aqua Phase is equipped with the Disinfectant Application System.
5. Push the "START" button on the control panel.
1. After pressing the "START" button, the computer will check to see if there is water in the water reservoir. If the reservoir is not full of water, Aqua Phase will automatically fill to the appropriate level. The reservoir holds approximately 5-1/2 gallons.
2 When the reservoir is full, the pump will start and begin the wash cycle spraying the item being washed.
3. Detergent is automatically injected shortly after the wash cycle begins.
4. The machine will now be in the wash phase and will continue depending on the wash time you have selected - 3, 5, or 7 minutes.
5. When the wash phase is complete, the dirty wash water will be pumped out of the machine to the drain.
6. Aqua Phase will automatically refill to the appropriate level with fresh water.
7. After the reservoir is filled with water, the pump will start and the machine will begin its final rinse phase.
8. The rinse agent is automatically injected shortly after the rinse phase begins. The rinse cycle will last for approximately 30 seconds.
9. The disinfectant application cycle will begin if selected and if installed on your machine.
10. When all the lights are off, the wash sequence is complete.
a. Set the "RUN/DRAIN" switch to "DRAIN".
b. Push the "START" button. The machine will drain the water.
c. Prior to beginning the next wash cycle, set the "RUN/DRAIN" switch to "RUN".
d. When the next wash cycle begins, the machine will automatically fill with fresh water for the wash phase.
- Set the "RUN/DRAIN" switch to "DRAIN". Press "START" button.
2. Water Supply - turn off water supply.
3. Power Supply - unplug Aqua Phase.
4. Reservoir Screen - clean reservoir screen (reservoir screen is located in the bottom of the water reservoir located inside the wash chamber).
5. Water Reservoir - check to make certain that the water reservoir is free of debris.
6. Rear Filter Screen (if present, newer models do not have a rear filter screen) - check rear filter screen and clean if necessary.
7. Chemical Solutions - check chemical supply levels. | 2019-04-19T10:39:41 | http://medwashers.com/OperationSteps.html |
0.997108 | To find the numerical aperture of a given optic fibre and hence to find its acceptance angle.
Optical fibers are fine transparent glass or plastic fibers which can propagate light. They work under the principle of total internal reflection from diametrically opposite walls. In this way light can be taken anywhere because fibers have enough flexibility. This property makes them suitable for data communication, design of fine endoscopes, micro sized microscopes etc. An optic fiber consists of a core that is surrounded by a cladding which are normally made of silica glass or plastic. The core transmits an optical signal while the cladding guides the light within the core. Since light is guided through the fiber it is sometimes called an optical wave guide. The basic construction of an optic fiber is shown in figure (1).
In order to understand the propagation of light through an optical fibre, consider the figure (2). Consider a light ray (i) entering the core at a point A , travelling through the core until it reaches the core cladding boundary at point B. As long as the light ray intersects the core-cladding boundary at a small angles, the ray will be reflected back in to the core to travel on to point C where the process of reflection is repeated .ie., total internal reflection takes place. Total internal reflection occurs only when the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle. If a ray enters an optic fiber at a steep angle(ii), when this ray intersects the core-cladding boundary, the angle of intersection is too large. So, reflection back in to the core does not take place and the light ray is lost in the cladding. This means that to be guided through an optic fibre, a light ray must enter the core with an angle less than a particular angle called the acceptance angle of the fibre. A ray which enters the fiber with an angle greater than the acceptance angle will be lost in the cladding.
Where n0 is refractive index of medium outside the fiber. For air n0 =1.
Therefore, for light to be propagated within the core of optical fiber as guided wave, the angle of incidence at core-cladding interface should be greater than θ'c. As i increases, θ increases and so θ' decreases. Therefore, there is maximum value of angle of incidence beyond which, it does not propagate rather it is refracted in to cladding medium ( fig: 3(b)). This maximum value of i say im is called maximum angle of acceptance and n0 sin im is termed as the numerical aperture (NA).
The significance of NA is that light entering in the cone of semi vertical angle im only propagate through the fibre. The higher the value of im or NA more is the light collected for propagation in the fibre. Numerical aperture is thus considered as a light gathering capacity of an optical fibre.
Numerical Aperture is defined as the Sine of half of the angle of fibre’s light acceptance cone. i.e. NA= Sin θa where θa, is called acceptance cone angle. | 2019-04-22T09:01:15 | http://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=189&sim=343&cnt=1 |
0.999986 | This question is required to continue.
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From where did you access the website? From where did you access the website? | 2019-04-20T09:15:25 | http://iiasurvey.theiia.org/flashsurvey/se/0B87D7847EDA63BB |
0.999552 | Key to the universe found on the Iron Range?
Eureka? U physicists are hopeful that what they have found at the bottom of an old iron mine is evidence of dark matter.
Two tiny dots encircled and projected on a screen in the University of Minnesota's physics building Friday afternoon signaled a potentially monumental discovery.
It is believed to account for most of the universe's total matter. If its existence can be proven, it would go a long way toward unlocking celestial mysteries that have baffled scientists.
"There is not enough gravity in observable matter to keep stars and galaxies together," said Marvin Marshak, the University of Minnesota physics professor who directs the lab at the Soudan underground mine near Ely. The fact that these spiraling entities don't fly apart suggests that something else holds them together, something humans can't see.
How they've searched for it reads like science fiction: Deep underground, away from the worst interference from cosmic rays, they installed 30 cryogenic detectors out of germanium and silicon and cooled them to nearly absolute zero -- minus 459.69 degrees Fahrenheit.
Then, those part of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search experiment monitored the detectors for signs of collisions caused by weakly interacting massive particles [WIMPs], which could be a type of dark matter created just before the Big Bang.
Particle physics theories suggest that WIMPs would rarely interact with normal matter but may occasionally bounce off or scatter from an atomic nucleus like billiard balls, leaving a small amount of energy that is detectable under the right conditions. The Soudan lab has been searching for WIMPs since 2003.
"What they're looking for is the simultaneous release of electrical energy and heat," Marshak said. "Heat is hard to detect. So you chill the detector so that very little heat makes a measurable temperature rise."
Recently, they detected what they believed could be two such collisions, described by officials at the federal government's Fermilab, which is part of the experiment, as "two events that have characteristics consistent with the particles that physicists believe make up dark matter."
Oleg Kamaev, a postdoctoral researcher at the lab, projected an image of how those collisions looked -- the two tiny dots -- at Friday's event at the U. The results await corroboration by the collection of more data more sensitively measured by bigger detectors, as well as other independent studies.
"Within a year of two, we should have a pretty good idea if this is right," said Marshak.
If the collisions, each monitored in a separate detector, hold up to scrutiny, it will be Earth-shaking, but that remains a big if. Chances of the dark matter readings being false positives are roughly one in four, Kamaev explained.
But one reason for optimism is that the results came deep underground. The Soudan lab hosts some of the world's most sensitive equipment, Marshak said.
"Half-a-mile of Earth is the filter" for many of the cosmic rays and other fallout that could contaminate findings, he added. "The problem is you can never get rid of everything else. If they were unlucky and got a lot of outside stuff, then this is a lot of nothing."
Marshak and Fermilab officials remain cautiously optimistic. A breakthrough could eventually add exponentially to understanding the universe, scientists say.
"This kind of basic research underlies the technology that affects our lives," explained Marshak, who gave an example of how science gets applied. "I'm sitting in Los Angeles right now talking to you by talking into my laptop."
The applications of dark matter to technology are years, if not decades off.
Marshak said searchers plan to install larger detectors in an even deeper lab in Canada. The larger equipment hopefully will measure more of the disturbances of the type witnessed at Soudan, statistically ruling out chances of a false positive, Marshak explained. Also, other scientists will try to duplicate the results from Soudan. Finally, Marshak said, theoretical physicists "will decide if this thing that has been measured is enough to hold the galaxy together."
As Kamaev told his colleagues at the University of Minnesota Friday afternoon, "Stay tuned." | 2019-04-24T03:25:37 | http://www.startribune.com/key-to-the-universe-found-on-the-iron-range/79624932/ |
0.999999 | The Wi-Fi app indicates that there is a problem with my in-home network. What should I do?
Interference from devices using the same Wi-Fi radio frequencies.
Congestion caused by accessing too many internet services on too many devices at the same time.
Only Wi-Fi weak signals being available in some parts of your house.
Move your router away from electrical devices: Halogen lamps, electrical dimmer switches, stereo or computer speakers, Christmas fairy lights, TVs and monitors and AC power cords have all been known to cause interference to broadband routers.Keep your router as far away as possible from other electrical devices as well as those which emit wireless signals such as baby monitors etc.
Move your router: The walls and furniture in your house act as an obstacle to the Wi-Fi radio frequencies. Ideally routers should be kept centrally within the home and placed on a table or shelf rather than on the floor.
Try restarting your wireless router: This may automatically select a less busy Wi-Fi radio frequency.
Check the instructions: Look at the instructions for the wireless router to see if it allows you manually to select a less busy Wi-Fi channel.
Try running the app again: Run the app again closer to your wireless router. If this improves performance, try using your devices in these locations.
Turn off your internet connected devices: Try turning some of your internet connected devices off and running the app again. If performance improves you may be suffering from congestion in your Wi-Fi network. More recent home routers are often able to better cope with congestion.
Make sure you're using the router correctly: Check the router instructions to confirm it is operating correctly and has a connection to your broadband provider. Many home routers now indicate this using a light on the front panel.
Consider upgrading: If your home router is several years old you could try using a more recent one which often has improved performance.
The Wi-Fi app indicates that there is not a problem with my in-home network, but I am still experiencing problems. What should I do?
You may have a low broadband connection speed. Your broadband provider should be able to let you know what your connection speed is. If a better connection is available from your current or another broadband provider, you may want to consider upgrading to a higher speed connection.
What radio frequencies does Wi-Fi use?
Wi-Fi uses radio frequencies at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. These frequencies are used by your wireless home router and those in your neighbours' houses. In addition they are used by a wide range of devices including baby monitors, garage openers, cordless phones, microwave ovens, and so on. This means that interference can occur in these radio frequencies, which can reduce Wi-Fi performance.
The lower 2.4 GHz frequencies tend to be more effective indoors than the higher 5 GHz frequencies. However, the 5 GHz band can support higher speed connections and is usually less congested than the 2.4 GHz band.
Nearly all wireless in-home routers support the 2.4 GHz frequencies. The 2.4 and 5 GHz bands are increasingly being supported in new in-home routers.
What are the maximum connection speeds supported by different home routers using different Wi-Fi technologies?
Wi-Fi technology has evolved to offer higher connection speeds. However, these higher connection speeds are often only achievable close to the home router.
802.11b: This is the oldest Wi-Fi technology, and can support a top speed of 11 Mbit/s.
802.11g: Operates at 2.4 GHz. It can support a top speed of up to 54 Mbit/s.
802.11n: Operate at either 5 GHz or 2.4 GHz, but not both at the same time. It can support a top speed of up to 150 Mbit/s.
802.11ac: The most recent wireless standard. Operates at either 5 GHz or 2.4 GHz, but not both at the same time. It can support a top speed of up to 800 Mbit/s.
How do I find out what type of Wi-Fi technology my home router is using?
Look on the box it came in, or on the router itself. If you can't find it there, and your home router was provided by your service provider, they may be able to provide the answer.
Why does wireless coverage vary throughout the home? I can only get Wi-Fi access in certain areas.
The walls and furniture in your house act as an obstacle to the Wi-Fi radio frequencies. The greater the number of obstacles and distance between your home router and your devices the lower the likely level of the Wi-Fi signals which reduces its performance.
In addition to this, interference from other devices in your or your neighbours' houses is likely to change depending where you are in your house.
Do not place the wireless router on the floor or next to other electrical items. Put it on a table.
Place the wireless router in the centre of the house.
If possible, plug the device directly into the wireless router with an Ethernet cable.
How much data will the test use?
On an average broadband connection, the test will use less than 1MB of data each time it is run. It could use more on very fast connections.
Ofcom is no longer collecting data from our mobile research app.
Frequently asked questions on the accessibility of communication services. | 2019-04-21T18:27:10 | https://www.ofcom.org.uk/cymru/phones-telecoms-and-internet/advice-for-consumers/advice/wireless-checker/wifi-app-faqs |
0.999895 | What specialties and professions can I get in the School of Culinary Arts?
Students who study in cookery courses receive, perhaps, the most practical-oriented education - it is impossible to imagine mastering culinary art without constant practical exercises and experiments. Regardless of your priority area of future activity - chef, sommelier, restaurant critic, author of cookbooks - in the best schoolsUSA and Switzerland you will find a huge number of practical problems and theoretical knowledge.
Why the United States and Switzerland? Yes, there are culinary schools all over the world - but it is in these countries that the culture of high-quality, impeccable service is practically cultivated and successfully combined with the progressive culinary views of the best specialists. Switzerland and the USA, in addition, are multicultural countries - culinary masters here are open to cooking recipes from around the world, boldly experiment and master the best dishes and professional tricks of different countries.
Each sphere has its own peculiarities and subtleties, its variants of building a career. For example, general cookery includes the work of the chef (do not forget to develop organizational skills!), And the assistance and work of the sous-chef, restaurant management can appear in the form of filling a wine card, and a diploma in the specialty "Baking and confectionery" grow In his own bakery.
Almost all foreign schools oblige their students to undergo pre-diploma practice: working in the restaurant kitchen, assisting the chief sommelier or chef, managing the restaurant, assisting in management, working with guests, etc. Many of the best hospitality schools (especially in Switzerland) have under their care entire hotels and restaurants that are constantly managed by students and provide the widest opportunities for a variety of practice and internships.
The famous "blue ribbon" academy "Le cordon bleu") is a world-recognized quality standard: the main school of this corporation was founded in Paris in 1895 and is today considered the best profile institution on the planet. This is the largest in the world institute of hotel and restaurant business: Le Cordon Bleu was finished by famous restaurateurs and legendary chefs, respected critics and culinary authors.
In Chicago, the institute offers mainly certification courses, junior academic degrees and short courses, ideally suited for professional development. All programs are tested and approved by the head school in Paris, meet the highest standards of quality Le Cordon Bleu. The specialization can be very different: the cuisine of Italy and the Mediterranean, the decoration of cakes, the organization of picnics and catering, etc.
This college was named the best by none other than the legendary Michelin Guide restaurant guide. In Kendall College in addition to culinary directions (baccalaureate and junior degree, which can be obtained in 2 years) are offered and other occupations of the hospitality industry - for example, hotel management or business management.
Mostly, a well-known Swiss school is enrolled to receive a bachelor's degree - this will be required 3 years. On a mandatory basis, students undergo two more six-month internships (available in Switzerland, available in other European countries), which is well paid for - on average students receive CHF 2200 per month. In addition to the basic educational program and diploma, you can get a prestigious certificate in the field of confectionery, cooking and working with chocolate.
Perhaps the most elite and prestigious profile school in Switzerland has been cooperating with Royal Academy of Culinary Arts. Here, students can receive both classical culinary education and improve as managers: the Bachelor's Business Administration (International Hospitality Management, Culinary Business Management). This is an ideal option for those students who want to take management positions in the best restaurants in the world, open their own successful institution (or field service business, etc.), master event management, develop a menu and a sheet of combining dishes and wines.
The legendary Swiss school of hotel and restaurant business that produces The world's best specialists in tourism and hospitality. Like the rest of the Swiss higher schools, offers students a useful and long-term internship: on a three-year undergraduate program, students spend almost a year (2 practices for 6 months) in the best hotels and restaurants in the country and Europe (paid internship). The basic programs for culinary skills are bachelor's degree, one-year degree course, second higher education and advanced training (1 year).
The culinary school is part of the prestigious organization Swiss Education Group, which automatically makes it one of the most elite schools in Switzerland and the world. It has two equivalent campuses - in Lucerne and Le Bouvre. Internships are held in luxury hotels in Switzerland and Europe: The Ritz Carlton, Hilton, Pan Pacific, Sandals, Rosewood) and others. Among the popular programs are bachelor's and master's degrees, a certification course (not only cookery programs but also business management courses are available).
The leading Italian culinary school, equally aimed at the upbringing of chefs and skilled sommeliers. Internships are mandatory: students at the beginning of the course at least 2 months spend in training kitchens, but graduates are waiting for a 5-month practice in the best restaurants and hotels in Italy. Among the training courses the most popular are undergraduate and graduate courses (lasting 7 months).
Good day! My name is Gulnara, I am a leading specialist at the Center for DPO of the Siberian University of Consumer Cooperatives. Our university would like to collaborate with culinary schools to exchange experience, improve qualifications and internships. Contact me by phone or by e-mail. | 2019-04-20T12:51:23 | https://smapse.com/shkoly-kulinarnogo-iskusstva-za-rubezhom-obuchenie-kulinarii-za-granicej/ |
0.999946 | Examples: Could it remove a cubic inch of material from the center of a bowling ball?
Could it remove and replace a single electrical component from the circuit board (which would require a complexly defined volume)?
Both require closely adjacent (or connected) volumes to be transported from within larger objects.
Klingon transporters can, at least.
two humpback whales into the cargo bay of a Klingon ship.
I believe the transporter was capable of precision transport.
In the TNG episode Rascals, Captain Picard and three others are physiologically reduced to the age of 12 during a transporter mishap. Doctor Crusher eventually ascertains that their de-ageing is the result of missing viroxic sequences in their cellular RVN.
The episode is resolved with Dr. Crusher programming their original sequences into the transporter, which then manages to reconstruct them as adults.
TNG era transporters also had a biofilter, by means of which a transporter could remove biological contaminants of humanoids as they were being beamed aboard.
The above are two instances of transporter precision; one deals with beaming matter into place, one deals with beaming matter out.
So, I believe that the transporter was fully capable of removing a cubic inch from a bowling ball, or a component from an electrical circuit. | 2019-04-26T14:44:53 | https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/190811/can-a-star-trek-transporter-transport-a-precise-volume-of-space |
0.999906 | Is Nokia 8 going to support it for the micro SD card? Or do I have to return the device? I only have 3 weeks left to to return it.
Look in the play store you will find something called paragon NTFS this adds NTFS file system support to android. It has a trial so you can see if it works for you. I believe only reading from NTFS is supported, it is a plugin for the total commander file browser, it does also work with the default file browser built into android. I've only tested it with an external usb bus powered drive with a usb c other adapter. My phone was able to power the drive up and mount the drive using paragon. I was then able to read and copy files off it. I did not try writing to it. As to whether Nokia will support NTFS drives in the future, this is highly unlikely since NTFS is a Microsoft proprietary disc format and licenses need to be paid to use it. Hence also why the app is a paid for app.
Thank you buddy for your fast reply, but I had already tried that app: it does not work with the micro sd card.
I'm definitely returning it and buying something else.
You should perhaps consider whether your expectation of NTFS support is reasonable. In my opinion, it's actually quite unreasonable to expect it.
The official standards for SD cards specify FAT for SD and SDHC, or exFAT for SDXC. Both Nokia and Android support those just fine. Why do you have such a strong desire to use a non-standard format, which is poorly supported across all relevant industries? What benefit are you expecting from it? NTFS does have some useful improvements over FAT for large computer filesystems (desktops and servers running Windows), but most of those are either irrelevant or marginal in the context of a media storage card (or on non-Windows systems).
All my previous smartphones supported ntfs just fine, and I used it, so why do I have to take a step backwards? It's 2018, 4k video recording is here (and not only), so this whole blabbering about standards is totally useless and out of place (and time).
SDXC with exFAT format (on an appropriately speed-rated card) is more than capable of handling 4K video. NTFS does not give any significant benefit for that scenario. FAT and exFAT are not "a step backwards", they are still the current industry standard for media cards, with the major advantage of being widely supported. Android as a whole (not just Nokia) does not support NTFS because it is quite unnecessary and irrelevant to the platform. For the internal storage case (including "adopted" SD cards, used to expand internal storage on Android), where FAT's characteristics could actually be problematic, it uses the Linux ext4 filesystem. The SD Association's standards are far from useless and quite relevant; they ensure excellent multi-vendor and multiplatform interoperability. You are unfairly criticising Nokia for something which is generally unsupported across the entire industry sector (now that MS have abandoned the industry), and which is unsupported by the vast majority of Android vendors.
Dude, Nokia doesn't support NTFS and exFAT, both of which allow the micro SD card store files bigger than 4gb. Nokia 8 doesn't even support SDXC cards, so I don't understand why you are using them as an example.
All my previous smartphones (I also own 2 tablets) allow the micro SD cards store files bigger than 4gb, so yes this whole situation is definitely a step backwards. I couldn't care less whether it is NTFS or exFAT, I WANT THE MICRO SD CARD TO STORE FILES BIGGER THAN 4GB.
What makes you think it does not support SDXC? The official specs say microSD up to 256MB, which means SDXC (and consequently also exFAT). They can't legally use the SD trademark without meeting the standard. Have you actually tried a SDXC card with exFAT format?
This is from what I understand and what I have deducted from my own usage of the Nokia 8 and other Android devices that I have owned. First of all none of them have supported NTFS. This is because NTFS is a Microsoft disc format designed for Windows based operating systems. A license fee has to be paid to Microsoft to use this disc format. It is not supported at all by the Android OS and I don't know of any vendor that has added support either. Paragon produce a tool that enables NTFS volume to be mounted as read only, it does not allow you to write to it, even if it did allow you to write to it I would not recommend it. Now we come to exFat, this is just an extension of Fat32 to allow larger file sizes, again this is a Microsoft disc format, a license fee has to be paid to be able to use it, most Android vendors do not pay for the license fee therefore support is not added for it. It is not part of AOSP Android which is what Nokia use therefore it is not supported. If you insert a large micro SD card into the Nokia 8 it will say it is corrupted and offer to format it for you. This will format the card to Fat32, not exFat as it's not supported. Again the Paragon software in the play store does allow you to mount an exFat formatted disc for both read and write. For the record I personally I have only tested Paragon with external drives connected via the usb c port of the Nokia 8. When mounted via this app you can only access the drives through the internal android browser or through total commander. Apps like the camera etc will not store photos or video on it as it won't show as an available drive. This is probably also why this method does not work for the op. My suggestion to the op is what are you trying to do that requires this amount of storage on a phone? I'm wondering if perhaps you are using the wrong device for the job. If you want it shoot 4k video then my suggestion would be let it store it on the internal storage and let it backup to Google drive, you can then clear the space once it has done this on your internal storage. All your photos and videos are still accessible via the Google photos app since it will be logged into your Google drive account. This is the best your going to get from a mobile phone with android on it. Seeing as windows phone is practically dead I don't think you will find a better option even the top end apple iPhones won't do what you want.
I tried, it doesn't work. The card I tried is actually a micro SDXC. I meant that Nokia 8 does not support normal sized SDXC cards, which don't fit in.
EVERYTIME I tried to format the card with something else other than the phone, it would report "damaged card".
In a few words, Nokia want their customers to be stuck in the 90's (FAT32 was released in 1996).
I'm returning the device as fast as the lightning, and for the same price getting a much better device.
Thank you mate for your effort to help me out.
Huh, ok, that's actually quite concerning. If there's really no exFAT support (and I'm not doubting what you have reported), I believe there may be a legal issue for Nokia. I would need to read the SD licenses more closely to be certain, but I think it may actually be trademark infringement to say "microSD, up to 256MB" on the spec sheet, if there is no exFAT. "microSD" is a trademark, so can't be used other than under license. Without exFAT, it seems to me that they should not be advertising more than 32GB max (i.e. SDHC), and not implying any level of SDXC support. They don't have to actually block the use of oversize FAT32 cards, but it's wrong to imply proper / full support per SD specs. Just my opinion, I'm not a lawyer, perhaps they are narrowly on the white side of grey.
Yep the phone formats it as Fat32, which limits the maximum file size. It's not possible on the Nokia 8 to mount the SD Card as part of the phones file system either which would also have gotten around your problem as it would have formatted the card differently. If you purchase another device you will likely run into the same issues you are having now, I had a Samsung phone before this one and it treated SD Cards in exactly the same way. It would format them to Fat32.
I have Samsung and Honor smartphones, and Asus and Huawei tablets, none of which has this absurd problem. My next purchase is not going to have it either, I checked out its features.
Out of curiosity, what Samsung phone did you have?
I had the galaxy S4, it had some of the biggest software I've ever encountered in a smartphone. It's radio would crash and it wouldn't make or receive calls properly I was forever having to reboot it. I tried everything to get it to work reliably even flashed it with Odin in an effort to sort it out. In some ways it was the worst phone I've ever had, in other ways it was excellent. But the basic phone functions never worked well on it.
The funny thing is that my Samsung phone is an S4 too, and it never gave me any kind of problems, except for the low internal memory (16gb, only 9gb usable). I used at first a 64gb micro SDXC card, later replaced by a 200gb micro SDXC card (both cards are Sandisk).
I used to move the installation folders of the installed apps from the internal memory to the cards to make room for the new apps, so I could overcome the problem of the low internal memory.
Yeah I think I was just unlucky with mine and it must have been faulty. Still it has put me off getting another Samsung phone. I also found it frustrating that Samsung just abandon older models and then don't update them at all leaving you stuck with an old OS.
It's because they use AOSP Android and haven't paid the license fee to use exFat, hence why only Fat32 is supported. The majority of users would not even notice this or even think it an issue. It's one of those annoying things you often don't find out until you actually own the device. Hope your next device works out better for what you require.
In fact I found out about it 5 days after I had bought the device. It left me speechless.
My next device supports exFAT for the external memory, this time I will not get caught unprepared and off guard again.
Murph, you never tried or had an SDXC card do you?
Rubbish, my SDXC card formatted to FAT32 currently has 43.26GB of data on it, the Nokia 8 didn't simply give up at 32GB. | 2019-04-25T02:05:31 | https://community.phones.nokia.com/discussion/2545/ntfs-file-system |
0.999056 | 1. Mr. Amri : Good morning students. How are you today ?
D. How do you do ?
Father: How do you do, Mirza ?
C. How do you do ?
4. Gilang : …….will you come back ?
Andika: Tommorow at 4 o’clock.
8. Nindya and I is very happy, because …… has a new bicycle.
10. The students have a new computer. …….. computer is in the laboratory.
Mom, after school we will go to “ Bunda Hospital “ to visit Linda.
So, I will be late to go home.
13. The text above tells us about ….
14. Who is sick ?
15. Where does Anita will go ?
16. Based on list of things above, where we go to buy ?
17. How many kinds of goods are there on the list ?
18. Ismail : how does Adam go to school ?
Isa : ……… to school by bicycle.
19. Aminah : Who is that girl, Aisyah ? Is she Khatijah ?
Khatijah is a beautiful girl but Betty is a …………….... girl.
20. Ali : Who is that boy, Umar ? Is he Yunus ?
Ferry is a lazy boy but Yunus is a ……..………….. boy.
II. Answer these questions correctly !
I will tell you about an animal which I usually see in my garden. It likes to run around my garden. It is a rabbit. It is a male rabbit. I call it Choky.
Choky has two long ears. It also has two yellow eyes. He has soft and grey fur. He likes to jump. He likes to eat carrot. He likes to play in the garden.
1. What is kind of the text above ?
2. What is Choky ?
3. How is Choky’s fur ?
4. Where does Choky like to play ?
5. What does Choky like to eat ?
1. Complete this dialogue !
6 Ariel : ………………………………... ?
7. Rearrange into good sentence !
In – restaurant – buys – Anis – hamburgers.
8. Change the verb in the brackets into the correct forms !
9. The antonym of clean is …….
10. The synonym of big is …….. | 2019-04-26T11:40:52 | https://www.materipendidikan.info/2018/09/soal-uts-binggris-kelas-7-smp.html |
0.999858 | Let's name a thing: dominant data formats.
A data format is a specification for how to turn information into a digital encoding that a computer can work with, and of course how to reverse that back into a human-readable method.
A dominant data format is one that is used to such an extent that tools for converting it are essential for any successor format, and such tools will continue to be maintained and universally available for many years after it is no longer the most popular format, because so much data was stored in it that you are likely to run into it frequently.
A super-dominant data format is an extremely long-lived dominant format that becomes the foundation of multiple dominant data formats.
ASCII is super-dominant. UNICODE UTF-8, at least, is super-dominant.
RS-232c isn't a storage format, it's a data protocol. I think it's a dominant data protocol, as is ethernet, as is MIDI.
CSV is dominant, even though it's terrible.
For a long time, WordPerfect's file format was dominant. Nobody uses it, but tools to read and convert it are close to hand.
XML and JSON are probably dominant, but it's possible that they will be replaced by some other cross-program interchange format in the blink of an eye (relatively speaking).
WAV is dominant. MP3 is probably dominant.
ZIP is super-dominant. Tar and gzip are dominant -- are they super-dominant?
EPUB is currently dominant; it's built on top of UTF8, HTML, and ZIP.
not standardized enough to be re-implemented. | 2019-04-19T16:22:32 | https://blog.randomstring.org/2019/03/21/dominant-data-formats/ |
0.998405 | Didn't make full recovery and can't return to former work with PTD?
What will happen with my Iowa Workers' Compensation if I don't make a full recovery and cannot return to my former work?
If you have suffered from a work injury in Des Moines, and your injury prevents you from returning to work, then you may claim Permanent Total Disability (PTD). This may become available when a job-related injury results in a permanent disability, and you cannot return to gainful employment. If you have been permanently disabled by a work injury in Des Moines, PTD benefits may be payable as you remain totally disabled.
Temporary Total Disability (TTD) - this may become available when a work injury in Des Moines results in more than 3 calendar days of disability. In this case, TTD benefits will become available on the 4th day of disability, and continue until the employee is capable of returning to work or placed at MMI- maximium medical improvement by the injured workers doctors.
Temporary Partial Disability (TPD) - this may become available if the employee returns to work while healing at a lesser paying job because of a work injury in Des Moines.
Permanent Partial Disability (PPD) - this may become available when a work injury in Des Moines results in a permanent disability, even if the employee returns to gainful employment making the same or better money.
The amount of your permanent disability benefits will depend upon a number of factors including the location of your work injury (arm or leg versus your back, neck, or hip), if you sustained a scheduled member injury and have previoulsy had a prior scheduled member injury (note: the first scheduled member injury does not have to be caused by a work injury to qualify for 2nd injury fund benefits), permanen restrictions, wages, etc. Your Des Moines Workers' Compensation lawyer can help advise you on what types of benefits you may be eligible for.
If you have suffered from a work injury in Des Moines, you may be eligible for compensation through an Iowa Workers' Compensation claim. To file a claim, you can get the professional help of a Des Moines Workers' Compensation lawyer. In a Workers' Compensation claim, a Des Moines Workers' Compensation lawyer may help you to negotiate an acceptable settlement. | 2019-04-24T02:22:37 | https://www.iowainjured.com/faqs/what-will-happen-with-my-iowa-workers-compensation-if-i-dont-make-a-full-recovery-and-cannot-ret.cfm |
0.989714 | To clarify my reasons for writing the following: I’m an enthusiastic supporter so far of the nonviolent Egyptian revolution, who is dismayed by the U.S. launch of yet another Middle Eastern war against Libya.
More specifically: I am neither a heart-led romantic who thinks thousands mass in the streets spontaneously without help, nor a heartless cynic who thinks that former State Department officials like Jared Cohen have no right to try to change the world.
What concerns me here is that power corrupts, and the power of a few in America to quietly help make a nonviolent revolution in Egypt seems to have led very swiftly to heavy missile attacks against Libya.
Your search – … – did not match any documents.
If you follow Movements.org at all, you’ve noticed that our network is made up of grassroots activists from around the world. At our summits, and here on this site, the goal is for people to share information with each other so that they can more effectively tackle campaigns for social change. Much of what I do is work on improving these training resources and facilitate the sharing of best practices among activists. As an example, on our private listserv there have been some questions lately out of Cameroon and Nigeria about how best to set up a campaign to monitor elections. On the list, we—me, Mark Belinsky of Digital Democracy, Ken Banks of Frontline SMS, Juliana Rotich of Ushahidi, and a few others—were able to get some helpful information out to these folks. Movements.org is first and foremost about making it easier for activists to connect with each other and get the information they need.
The Shabab April 6 Movement, which was at the inaugural summit [in New York City of the Alliance of Youth Movements] in 2008, is one of the grassroots groups that has played a role in this network of activists. As is mentioned in a diplomatic cable released by Wikileaks and cited this week at The Nation, Newsweek, the New York Post and ABC News, April 6 was able to connect with other grassroots activists – who they remain connected to – at this event. That gets at the real value (hopefully!) of this website and the annual summit: helping activists to learn from each other by providing a platform and offline events that facilitate information sharing.
At the 2008 event in NYC, members of the Obama campaign new media team shared what they had learned with activists….
“In the same way Policy Planning works by bringing together a lot of stakeholders in government, out of government, and across different sectors, so, too, will Google Ideas do something very similar,” Cohen said.
“It’s not designed to be, ‘Let’s pool all of Google’s resources and tackle global challenges,'” the former State Department official told Foreign Policy.
Cohen said challenges Google Ideas may focus on include “hard challenges like counterterrorism, counterradicalization, and nonproliferation, to some of the ones people might expect it to focus on, like development and citizen empowerment.
Jared Cohen, a high-profile advocate of the State Department’s forays into “21st-century statecraft,” is leaving Foggy Bottom for New York….
There have been diverse consequences so far of the Egyptian revolution.
3) “Libya: No End in Sight” — On March 19th, an American president commences bombing in order to destabilize a dictator in a far-away region of the world. Our goals are to prevent him from harming his own people, to prevent his actions from spreading chaos in a region and to see regime change in his country.
In 2003, it was George W. Bush initiating our conflict in Iraq. In 2011, it was Barack Obama committing to a no-fly zone above Libya. The approach toward international collaboration has been different and the stated scope of this mission is different, but there is also a shiver that runs up my spine about what is the same: We’re entering a military conflict in the Arab world and don’t know our end goal.
10 Global Post, February 21, 2011, http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/egypt/110221/egypt-facebook-wael-ghonim.
12 Justin Krebs, “Libya: No End in Sight,” http://www.wnyc.org/blogs/its-free-blog/2011/mar/21/libya-no-end-sight/. | 2019-04-20T17:04:20 | https://www.globalresearch.ca/googling-revolution-in-north-africa-how-deep-politics-successfully-corrupts-a-non-violent-protest-movement/23860 |
0.999978 | Aricent Aptitude Question Paper 2011 Placement Papers.
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(A) 11.00 a.m. (B) 12.30 p.m.
(C) 12.00 noon (D) 11.30 a.m.
What least number must be subtracted from each of the numbers 17, 17, 34, 42 so that the ratio of first two is the same as the ratio of the next two?
A man borrows Rs. 1200.00 from a bank for a period of 3 months. He finds that he has to repay Rs.
A man works for 2 days and then rests for one day, then works for 2 days and rests for one day and so on. For everyday he works, he earns Rs. 100. How much will he earn from Monday to Saturday?
Unscramble the letters of words and find odd one out.
The price of T.V. set inclusive of sales tax of 9% is Rs. 13.407. Find its marked price. | 2019-04-25T22:28:46 | https://www.oldquestionpapers.net/2013/07/aricent-aptitude-question-paper-2011-placement-papers.html |
0.999994 | This article is about the US Army Major General and the lead investigator in the Lindbergh kidnapping. For his son, the Gulf War general, see Norman Schwarzkopf Jr.
Official portrait of Col. Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf (Badge #1), 1st Superintendent of the New Jersey State Police.
Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf (/ˈʃwɔːrtskɒf/; August 28, 1895 – November 25, 1958) was the first superintendent of the New Jersey State Police. He is best known for his involvement in the Lindbergh kidnapping case. He was the father of General Norman Schwarzkopf Jr., the commander of all Coalition forces for Operation Desert Shield/Storm.
Schwarzkopf was born in Newark, New Jersey, to Julius George Schwarzkopf and Agnes Sarah Schmidt, of Germany. He graduated from Barringer High School. He received an appointment from Walter I. McCoy to attend the United States Military Academy at West Point, graduated in 1917 and served in World War I.
After receiving a commission as a second lieutenant in the cavalry, Schwarzkopf was sent to Europe as part of the American Expeditionary Forces. He was gassed with mustard gas, making him susceptible to respiratory illnesses for the rest of his life. During the occupation, he served as a provost marshal, partially because of his organizational skills and partially because of his fluency in German.
After returning to the United States with the rank of colonel, Schwarzkopf was appointed in 1921 by New Jersey Governor Edward I. Edwards to head the newly formed New Jersey State Police. He personally trained the first 25 state police troopers and organized the state police into two troops: a northern troop, utilizing motorcycles, to patrol the Mafia-controlled narcotics, whiskey, rum-running, and gambling rings in the New York City area; and a southern troop, with troopers on horseback, to crack down on moonshiners. He left the force in 1936 after being relieved of his duty by a governor with whom he frequently clashed.
On the evening of March 1, 1932, Schwarzkopf, then 37, and the chief of the New Jersey State Police, was among the officials called to the East Amwell residence of Charles Lindbergh, following the kidnapping of his 20-month-old son, Charlie. He arrived on the scene with his second-in-command, Major Charles Schoeffel, and established a police command post in the three-car garage on the side of Lindbergh's house opposite the nursery, though he found it impossible to protect the area from contamination. Further complicating the investigation was the fact that the controlling Lindbergh used his fame and influence to exert authority over matters, which meant that Schwarzkopf had to essentially work around him, despite ostensibly being in charge of the investigation, a fact for which Schwarzkopf has been criticized by experts such as FBI profiler and author John E. Douglas. Schwarzkopf requested a list of all the employees who worked on Lindbergh's house, which was constructed following Charlie's birth, as well as those who worked in the house and at Next Day Hill, the palatial Englewood estate of Lindbergh's inlaws, Dwight and Elizabeth Morrow, where the Lindberghs stayed during the week prior to the completion of their own home. Although they stayed in the incomplete home only on weekends, they did not return to Next Day Hill by Tuesday, March 1, because Charlie was ill. Schwarzkopf believed the kidnappers were local and nonprofessional, based on their apparent familiarity with the Lindbergh house, the location of the nursery from which the infant Charlie was abducted, and the relatively modest ransom request of $50,000.
Schwarzkopf (right) with Charles Lindbergh, following grand jury testimony.
Schwarzkopf suspected gang involvement, as kidnapping was a common criminal enterprise during the Great Depression, and wanted to contact members of the underworld, but during the course of the investigation, John F. Condon, a 72-year-old retired Bronx school teacher, became an intermediary between Lindbergh and the kidnappers after he placed an ad in Home News, to which the kidnappers responded. Schwarzkopf wanted to place a trace on Condon's telephone, but Lindbergh overruled him, and setting up a trap would have been made difficult or impossible by Lindbergh's management of the case. Schwarzkopf reluctantly agreed to keep law enforcement away from the arranged ransom drop. Although the man Condon gave the ransom money to in Saint Raymond's Cemetery in the Bronx on April 2 gave Condon a note describing a boat where Charlie could be found, no such boat was found. When Charlie's skeletonized corpse was found by a truck driver on May 12, Schwarzkopf inspected the shallow grave, four miles from the Lindbergh home, whose lights were visible from the site. Following identification of the corpse as Charlie, and the determination from the level of decomposition that he was killed immediately after abduction, Schwarzkopf informed Charlie's nursemaid, Betty Gow, and Elizabeth Morrow, who then informed Charlie's mother, Anne Lindbergh. Charles Lindbergh's need for control over the case was now over, and by the time the case was months old, and trails had gone cold, Schwarzkopf was the target of widespread and recurring criticism. Following the suicide of Violet Sharpe, a maid for the Morrows who had been acting suspiciously before the incident and during its investigation, some, such as Violet's sister, Emily Sharpe, accused Schwarzkopf and Jersey City Police Department investigator Harry Walsh of harassing her to death with their rough interrogations, but experts such as Douglas have disputed this notion.
To test the theory of how the baby was abducted and then killed early on, Schwarzkopf had duplicates constructed of the makeshift ladder used to climb into Charlie's second-story nursery window and the ransom letter, and reenacted the crime himself. The 165-pound Schwarzkopf carried a sandbag weighing the same as Charlie down the ladder, and when he stepped onto the highest rung of the lower portion of the wooden ladder (which, like the real one, consisted of two hinged sections and a third one attached at the crime scene), the side rail split, just where it had on the real ladder. Schwarzkopf dropped the bag, and it struck the cement windowsill of the library, echoing the massive skull fracture that served as Charlie's cause of death. Schwarzkopf had the written communications in evidence sent to graphologists, who concluded that they were all written by one person, most likely German in origin. In the fall of 1932, Schwarzkopf was put in touch with New York psychiatrist Dudley D. Schoenfeld, who concluded from the kidnapper's writings that the perpetrator was a mechanically inclined, 40-year-old German suffering from dementia paralytica, caused by feelings of powerlessness, which is considered an impressive early example of criminal profiling. Schwarzkopf also had pieces of the ladder analyzed by wood technologist Arthur Koehler, who determined from four extra nail holes that rail sixteen of the ladder, unlike the wood used to make the rest of the ladder, had been previously used for some other purpose. It was presumed that this was because the kidnapper ran out of lumber and cannibalized whatever wood was on hand for that rail. Koestler concluded on November 19, 1933, that side rails twelve through fifteen came from National Lumber and Millwork Company in the Bronx. Investigation of bills from the ransom money that turned up in circulation led to the September 19, 1934, arrest of Bruno Hauptmann, a 35-year-old German skilled carpenter who once worked at National Lumber and Millwork, which was ten blocks from Hauptmann's residence. By matching grain patterns and nail holes, Koehler determined that rail sixteen had been removed from Hauptmann's attic, which was missing a floorboard, and featured nail holes in four successive joints where it would have been hammered down. Hauptmann was tried and convicted for murder, and was executed on April 3, 1936.
In 1936, Schwarzkopf was fired from the New Jersey State Police after a personality clash with a new governor and went on to narrate the radio program Gang Busters for a short period of time (he can be heard in the March 28, 1941, episode The Case of the Nickel and Dime Bandits) before returning to active duty in the U.S. Army with the onset of World War II.
Schwarzkopf was posted to Iran in 1942 owing to the efforts of Mohammad Vali Mirza Farman Farmaian and was tasked with organizing the Iranian police after the UK-Soviet intervention that made Iran an Allied protectorate. His recruits, the Gendarmerie, were active in suppressing the Soviet-inspired attempt to destabilize Iran by backing separatists in Azerbaijan and Kurdistan (Mahabad). For his work in Iran, Schwarzkopf was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal.
After World War II, he was promoted to brigadier general and in the late 1940s was sent to occupied Germany to serve as provost marshal for the entire U.S. sector.
Before retiring from the Army in 1953 with the rank of major general, Schwarzkopf was sent by the Central Intelligence Agency as part of Operation Ajax (correct name TPAjax, TP meaning Soviet backed Tudeh Party of Iran), to convince the self-exiled Iranian monarch, Mohammad Reza Shah, to return and seize power. Schwarzkopf went so far as to organize the security forces he had trained to support the Shah, and in so doing he helped to train what would later become known as the SAVAK.
Schwarzkopf was appointed by New Jersey Governor Robert B. Meyner to "examine and investigate the management by Harold G. Hoffman," a former governor of the state and director in the division of employment security. Both Schwarzkopf and Hoffman were active members of the Adventurers' Club of New York.
Schwarzkopf died in 1958 from complications of lung cancer and is buried at West Point Cemetery, on the grounds of the United States Military Academy.
Schwarzkopf was married to Ruth Alice (née Bowman) (1900–1977), a registered nurse from West Virginia. Ruth was a housewife who was distantly related to Thomas Jefferson. Together, they had one son, Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. and two daughters, Sally and RuthAnn. Schwarzkopf was a member of St. John's Lodge #1 of Free and Accepted Masons, Newark NJ. He Achieved the Sublime Degree of Master Mason.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to H. Norman Schwarzkopf, Sr..
^ Wren Jr., George J. "Of Competence and Character: A New Jersey Story Passed on from Father to Son", Association of Former New Jersey State Troopers. Accessed March 14, 2019. "After graduating from Barringer High School in Newark, Herbert was granted a Congressional appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point from the Honorable Walter I. McCoy, Judge of the Supreme Court in Washington D.C."
^ a b c Eisenhower, John (August 25, 1991). "Schwarzkopf: Desert Storm And Before". Chicago Tribune. Tribune Publishing.
^ a b Pyle 1991, p. 10–11.
^ a b c d Melson, Richard (September 6, 2006). "Norman Schwarzkopf Sr". Retrieved December 28, 2015.
^ Gill, Barbara (1981). "Lindbergh kidnapping rocked the world 50 years ago". The Hunterdon County Democrat. Retrieved 2008-12-30.
^ a b c John E. Douglas and Mark Olshaker. The Cases That Haunt Us, 2000, Simon & Schuster, "Chapter 3: The Lindbergh Kidnapping", pp. 119–185.
^ "Col. H. Norman Schwarzkopf". Richard Hauptmann (Lindbergh Kidnapping) Trial'. UMKC School of Law. Archived from the original on 2010-06-21. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
^ History Commons. "Profile:Norman Schwarzkopf Sr". Retrieved 2009-01-13.
^ N. R. Keddie and M. J. Gasiorowski, eds., Neither East Nor West. Iran, the United States, and the Soviet Union, New Haven, 1990, pp. 154–55; personal interviews.
^ "Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf Sr". Find a Grave. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
^ a b Grossman 2007, p. 312.
^ a b McNeese 2003, p. 13.
^ a b Archer 2000, p. 7.
^ a b Pyle 1991, p. 20.
^ Schwartz 2006, p. 424.
This page was last edited on 15 March 2019, at 00:05 (UTC). | 2019-04-24T20:42:06 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Schwarzkopf,_Sr |
0.999935 | - in the first area at the bottom of the screen on the wall left of the gate, you can bypass the gate completely (as if there is a hallway at the bottom). Is this intentional?
- In the area after the nightmare prison, I found that by pressing x that you can open doors that you shouldn't be able to open (they stay open for about a second. Long enough for the player or enemies to get through). Also, the doors in the boss stage can also be opened without beating the boss.
- In the area with the rats, one of the rats in the top left corner got stuck in the wall on many of my playthroughs.
- Some of the text is incorrect.
- the nightmares in the prison have the ability to sometimes attack me, even when there is a wall corner between me and it, but I can't attack it in the same manner; this is very strange and unfair in many ways, especially since the area is already so condensed.
- speaking of the prison, having little objects on the ground to restrict the player's movement is annoying, not only from the restricted movement, but because it is difficult to see what is blocking the player. There's also the problem with the view being a little too much pointed down that the walls block the view of doorways.
- Why is it that I can turn on and off some the torches in the first level, but not in other places in the game?
- I like the delay in the weapon in that it forces you to time your attacks well, but the range of the weapon (the fact that I can only hit things in the second dimension when the game takes place in the third dimension) is not very good.
- there were a lot of missed opportunities for secrets with the torches. You could make a sequel of this with it taking place in a labyrinth of darkened corridors with lighting torches in certain ways (like a combination) opening hundreds of hidden passage ways.
I enjoyed the ambience, music, sounds, and the story concept. My suggestion would be adding more enemies (maybe creepy representations of people, and other stuff), more choices (to reflect the many different paths, both super dark and super light and in-between) that a person can take, and maybe some more puzzles and riddles. Good job on the game and I look forward to your next creation.
Lost of thanks for your great review, you realy helped me solve those bugs, i feel embarrassed they slipped by.
About the the torches, there are some you can turn at the beginning for the player to get use to interacting with things, but latter afterward i use torches that light up automatically to act as guide to the player and discover things hidden in the darkness.
I plan to make a sequel when i have more experience under my belt, it will be a rouge like inside a labyrinth of dark corridors, were things change when light don't touch them, and choices of ideologies change the way you play.
I realy thanks you for taking the time to review my game, and don't worry, i will make sure the next one is much better.
The game was lagged to the point where i couldn't enjoy it but it seems nice though. I like the music and idea of the game.
I like atmosphere you created. Music + good character + location design works good together.
Not sure how intro text related to main hero(knight) or game setting(medieval castle).
Some help texts a bit blurred.
A bit boring after few minutes.
about the setting, is actually a nightmare.
wow, your comment is very flattering, thank you!
Engaging and dark. It's frustrating how you can't walk over puddles or get stuck by a chair or crate. Also, are there controls to attack? You do have a sword. | 2019-04-20T00:49:34 | https://www.newgrounds.com/reviews/portal/664563/2/date/3 |
0.999999 | In this article I am going to explain twelve things you should know about the extreme-right hate group called Britain First.
Britain First was founded by a guy called Jim Dowson who ran a British National Party call centre in Belfast until he abandoned the party after being accused of indecently assaulting a woman in a hotel room. Dowson tried to claim that the accusations were part of a "dirty tricks" campaign to discredit him because he opposed BNP leader Nick Griffin's plan to comply with court rulings to remove discriminatory clauses from the BNP constitution. It's not much of a defence to say that the accusations against him were fabricated because he was even more right-wing than Nick Griffin, but that's the story he came out with.
Jim Dowson has got a track record of involvement with loyalist paramilitary groups in Northern Ireland, and with anti-women's rights groups. He is also very open about his homophobic views.
The treasurer of Britain First is also an ex-BNP man. Paul Golding was a BNP councilor in Sevenoaks between 2009 and 2011 and he also served as the BNP's communication officer.
This ex-BNP pair stood as the Britain First candidates in Wales and Scotland in the 2014 European elections. As Britain First didn't stand any candidates in England, they advised their followers to vote for UKIP, which would hardly seem to be the kind of endorsement that Nigel Farage would want for his "we're definitely not fascists" party.
UPDATE: Britain First founder Jim Dowson quit in July 2014 saying that "No matter how many times I told [Paul Golding] I did not want decent Muslims intimidated, he just continued doing it ... I have come to the conclusion that no matter how hard I tried, you cannot escape from the fact that the group is being overrun with racists and extremists".
Over one million people have decided to "like" Britain First's Facebook page, meaning this extreme-right hate group has more followers than any other political party in the UK.
It should be a source of acute national embarrassment that at a time when the British public should be looking to genuine political alternatives to the bankrupt neoliberal status quo in Westminster, that hundreds of thousands of people are turning to an extreme-right hate group hell bent on scapegoating minorities, and that these followers are spreading the Britain First messages of hate and fear all over Facebook.
One of the most distasteful things about Britain First is the way that they elicit donations to their right-wing political party through animal cruelty shock tactics.
The image to the right is one of their most popular fundraising campaigns ever (shared a mind-boggling 791,234 times).
The image description says "help us stop this cruelty!" and includes a link to their Paypal donations page. The problem is that Britain First have made absolutely no effort to segregate funds raised through this "help us stop this cruelty!" appeal from their general donations. Neither have they explained anywhere how they plan to use all of this money to actually prevent animal cruelty.
Britain First believe that they can get away with appealing to people's good nature (abhorrence at animal cruelty) in order to soak up huge numbers of donations from unsuspecting people who imagine that their donations will be used to prevent animal cruelty, rather than fund an extreme-right political party.
In my view Britain First are guilty of obtaining party political donations under false pretenses, and of illegally funding their political party with overseas donations. I have written to the Electoral Commission to ask what they plan to do about it.
One of the most commonly occurring images on the Britain First Facebook page and on the Britain First website is a picture of the murdered soldier Lee Rigby. It is absolutely sickening that they choose to continue desecrating his memory by making him the "poster boy" of their extreme-right hate group despite the objections of his family.
In the 2014 European Elections they even used the phrase "Remember Lee Rigby" as their party description on the ballot papers in Wales. The Electoral Commission were hit by a tidal wave of condemnation for allowing them to use Lee Rigby's name like that, and eventually issued a groveling apology to the Rigby family.
Here's what Lee Rigby's mother had to say about their use of his name on the ballot paper.
Another one of Britain First's most disgusting tactics is to desecrate the poppy symbol by using it to raise funds for their extreme-right hate group.
The worst thing about it is that some vulnerable people may see the poppies and think that they're donating to a cause which helps former soldiers, rather than an extreme-right hate group.
The Royal British Legion have been informed that Britain First are using the poppy symbol to sell their tatty jackets and t-shirts, but even if the RBL come out and condemn this tactic in the strongest terms, one would expect Britain First to completely ignore them, just as they completely ignore the suffering they are inflicting on Lyn Rigby.
Britain First are also guilty of spreading outright lies on their Facebook page. In one widely shared Britain First meme they claim that asylum seekers and illegal immigrants receive £29,900 per year in benefits.
Asylum Seekers and illegal immigrants are not the same thing, so they wouldn't have the same entitlements.
Illegal immigrants are not even entitled to benefits. Given that they are in the country illegally they are extremely unlikely to turn up at the Jobcentre asking for benefits.
The Tory benefits cap was introduced at £26,000 per year, so it seems more than a little unlikely that they are giving £29,900 per year to illegal immigrants.
The extreme right love to use the argument that "we can't even talk about immigration without being labeled racists and bigots". The problem is of course that they're not just "talking about" immigration, they are spreading outright lies about immigration.
In my view it is unacceptable to label someone a racist or a bigot if they raise legitimate concerns about immigration. However, if they resort to spreading outright lies about the subject in order to stir up resentment and hatred of immigrants, then fire away, because those are clearly the tactics of racists and bigots.
The admins on the Britain First Facebook page are an appalling bunch of hypocrites. They whine endlessly that their views are under threat from censorship, however they have a policy of purging their page of any critical comments and banning dissenting voices from ever coming back again.
Dozens and dozens of people have told me how they were banned from Britain First for daring to leave non-conformist comments, but you don't have to take my word for it, the Britain First admins are quite open about the way they routinely delete all critical comments.
If you still don't believe it, maybe you should try leaving a couple of politely worded criticisms (you shouldn't use the poppy symbol to raise funds for your own political party) or questions (what exactly have you done with the money raised through your animal welfare appeal?) and see how long it is before you experience the Britain First "delete and ban" treatment yourself.
To harp on and on about "free speech" whilst simultaneously engaging in one of the biggest mass censorship campaigns Facebook has ever seen is such an appalling display of hypocrisy that anyone, no matter what their political orientation, should be shocked by it.
These people hate free speech, and they only ever invoke it to claim that they have the right to do and say whatever they like (conning people out of money with animal cruelty shock tactics, debasing the poppy symbol, making a dead soldier their "poster boy" despite the protestations of his family, telling outright lies). When it comes to other people's free speech the Britain First admins can't hit the "block and ban" button quickly enough. In their view freedom of speech is the freedom to agree with them, if you happen to disagree with them, then freedom of speech doesn't exist for you.
The fact that they have censored such a huge number of people has inspired me to come up with this "I've been censored by Britain First" certificate which people can use as their Facebook banner image, because it should be a mark of pride that you've been censored by a bunch of extreme-right hatemongers.
The Britain First Facebook page is a classic example of a closed ideology echo chamber, in which information, ideas, and beliefs are amplified or reinforced by transmission and repetition inside an enclosed system.
Their policy of routinely purging the page of critical comments and banning dissenting voices demonstrates their commitment to keeping their followers brainwashed in an atmosphere of conformity.
Any group or society in which people who ask awkward questions or present counter-evidence are routinely censored is clearly a closed ideology echo chamber. With over 400,000 followers the Britain First Facebook page is one of the biggest examples of a ruthlessly enforced closed ideology environment in the history of Facebook.
The American author Laurence Britt defined 14 characteristics of fascist regimes (you can see a copy of his article here). I'll list the 14 characteristics and compare with Britain First policies and strategies.
1. Powerful and Continuing Nationalism - Britain First make constant use of patriotic mottoes, slogans, symbols and other paraphernalia. Flags are seen everywhere, as are flag symbols on clothing and in public displays.
2. Disdain for the importance of human rights - One of Britain First's most common complaints is against the European Human Rights Act.
3. Identification of Enemies/Scapegoats as a Unifying Cause - Britain First rally people into a unifying patriotic frenzy over the need to eliminate a perceived common threat or foe: racial, ethnic or religious minorities; liberals; communists; socialists, terrorists, etc.
4. The supremacy of the military/avid militarism - Britain First constantly intersperse their posts with posts designed to glorify the military (often in order to sell their own merchandise or convince people to sign up to their organisation).
5. Rampant sexism - Britain First's founder Jim Dowson is strongly opposed to women's reproductive rights. This subject is never mentioned on the Britain First page because it would interfere with their populist appeal.
6. Controlled Mass Media - Thankfully Britain First haven't got to the stage where they can exert any control over the media, however their policy of ruthlessly censoring dissenting opinion on their Facebook page indicates their contempt for freedom of speech and their desire to control the spread of information.
7. Obsession with national security - Britain First are always harping on about threats to national security in order to whip up fear amongst their followers.
8. Religion and ruling elite tied together - Fortunately Britain First are not part of the ruling elite, but it is absolutely clear that they see religion as an integral part of their political mission. Here's a quote from their statement of principles: "Britain First is committed to maintaining and strengthening Christianity as the foundation of our society and culture".
9. Corporate Power is Protected - Britain First like to present themselves as an alternative to globalisation, however their dalliance with the neoliberal Tea Party fringe in the US show that they have more in common with hardline neoliberals than they like to let on. Another indicator that they are no opponents of globalisation is the way they use their Facebook page and website to propagandise for Cadbury's, which was once a British company, but is now owned by the American multinational giant Kraft.
10. Power of labor suppressed or eliminated - Britain First make a big deal out of opposing socialism and trade unions as enemy ideologies and they also use their Facebook page to attack the minimum wage.
11. Disdain and suppression of intellectuals and the arts - The Britain First Facebook page is rife with anti-intellectual comments and infographics.
12. Obsession with Crime and Punishment - Britain First are obsessed with crime and punishment, making frequent calls for the death penalty to be re-introduced. Nooses and gallows are recurring motifs on the Britain First page, and they also use public outrage at judicial decisions, in order to con people into donating to their political party.
13. Rampant cronyism and corruption - Thankfully Britain First have no political power, so they are not in the position to use their power to enrich themselves and their cronies, but judging by the fact that there is no open process over how appointments are made within the party, and their deceitful fundraising tactics, it's not hard to imagine what Britain would be like if these guys were in charge.
14. Fraudulent elections - Once again, these guys are not in charge of the country, so they haven't got the power to rig elections in their own favour.
Of the fourteen characteristics of fascism identified by Laurence Britt, Britain First meet most of them, and the only ones they don't meet are the ones that it is impossible for them to meet due to their absolute lack of political power.
A severe economic depression followed by the rapid rise of right-wing nationalist extremism and the scapegoating of minority groups seems to be a case of history repeating itself.
An interesting contrast can be made with the rise of the left-wing anti-corruption party Podemos (We Can) in Spain. They experienced a similar lightning rise in popularity, with their Facebook page passing 500,000 followers within three months of the foundation of the party. But instead of fostering fear and and inciting hatred of minorities, they lay the blame firmly at the door of the corrupt Spanish establishment and propose reforms to put political power back into the hands of the people.
Podemos are committed to fighting corruption and increasing people power through democratic participation. Britain First are committed to parading around on paramilitary style marches, invading mosques, scamming money from unsuspecting people and spreading outright lies.
It's pretty sad that in Spain, a country that was still ruled over by a fascist dictatorship less than 40 years ago, people are looking to a party that presents a real alternative to neoliberalism and corruption, whilst in Britain, a country that has never experience a full-on fascist regime, people are looking to the extreme-right fringe in their hundreds of thousands.
Given the enormous sacrifices made by previous generations in the fight against fascism, it is a national disgrace that right-wing extremism is on the rise in the UK. What makes it even worse is the fact that Britain First use those very sacrifices in order to raise funds for their own brand of right-wing extremism.
Given that it is impossible to fight back against Britain First on their own page due to their "delete and ban" censorship policy for all dissenting voices, people who oppose Britain First's brand of right-wing extremism need to find other ways of criticising them. In this section I'll outline a few tactics.
Criticise the shared versions of their images - Britain First can use their admin powers to delete all criticism from the original iterations of their pictures, but they can't delete criticism on the new iterations that are created when their followers share their work. If you see any of your Facebook friends sharing Britain First images, you can leave comments expressing your distaste.
Report them - If you see Britain First using deceitful tactics to raise party donations you can report them to the Electoral Commission. If you see them using poppy images to sell their own merchandise you can report them to the Royal British Legion. If you see any Britain First posts that you consider to be in breech of Facebook terms and conditions, you can report them to Facebook. If you see them using Royal Crests and you suspect they have no permission, you can report them to The Lord Chamberlain's Office. If you see anyone posting unlawful comments on there (such as incitement to murder, racist or religious hate crime, criminal threats ...) you can report the individual to the police. If you see someone using making extremist and offensive statements(using the term "muzrats" to describe Muslims, or calling for a Nazi style holocaust against all Muslims) you can click on their profile and see if their employer is listed and send screen shots of their extremist comments to their employers.
Convince your friends to unlike the page - Clicking this link allows you to find out which of your Facebook friends follow the Britain First page. You could consider sending them a message explaining your objections to this extreme-right hate group and asking them to consider unliking the page (feel free to follow these 3 simple steps if you like).
Spread awareness - You can spread awareness of Britain First's disgustingly hypocritical censorship policy by using this "I've been censored by Britain First" certificate as your Facebook banner.
Laugh at them - There are several Britain First parody pages out there including Britain Furst and Britian First. Sometimes the best thing to do when it comes to the extreme-right fascist fringe is to take the piss out of them and laugh at them.
Who actually approves of this grotesque Tory barbarism? | 2019-04-25T04:40:04 | https://anotherangryvoice.blogspot.com/2014/06/12-things-britain-first.html |
0.998398 | Johnston, Sophie (2017) Wednesday does not last forever. Nursing Times .
Why does the second year of nursing feel like being stuck in the middle of the week? Contemplating the answer, University of Cumbria second year nursing degree student Sophie Johnston understood the importance of taking care of herself to deal with the rigours of the second year.
Sophie Johnston is currently in her second year studying adult nursing at the University of Cumbria. | 2019-04-23T14:53:19 | http://insight.cumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/2893/ |
0.999999 | Rig Review: What worked and what didn't on the Re-Tour?
Rig Review is a new type of post that I'm going to try to write up after most trips, where I'll note any things that worked really well, or could have been better. The idea has always been to optimize the Tacoma build and setup over time, so there's nothing really new from that perspective.
I won't talk about everything I've got going on - just new equipment to the trip and/or any outliers that deserve a mention. At the very least, I figure that long-term, real-world reviews of the products I use are good for everyone!
The Re-Tour was an amazing trip. Sure, it had a bit of deja-vu with 2017's The De-Tour weather wise right at the beginning, but by the end we had sunny skies during the day and cool nights - a great combination if you ask me. All in all, the truck worked wonderfully on this trip, with just a few things that deserved a bit of discussion.
TL;DR - conceptually the fold-down-and-out table is cool but I need to rework how the far corner is supported for it to be useful. Oh, and it can't have any wooden components, since they swell up in wet weather.
It was never really level - the weight of the stove caused the far (unsupported) corner to sag. Note the rocks supporting the stove in the photo below.
It never worked after it got wet (the third night) because the wood supports swelled up and were "stuck" in the closed position.
I've got ideas about how to fix all of this with a second revision of the table, but for now, the initial prototype has served it's purpose and is coming off the truck. Or at least, I'm not planning to use it as-is anymore.
TL;DR - There are pros and cons to this new system, but it's not quite right for me so I'm changing it all up again.
The Coleman Classic Camp Stove and Lodge Cast Iron Grill/Griddle were new to me on The Re-Tour, replacing the Weber Q100 grill that we've used for the last 5 years. My hope was that these would pack better and take up less room than the Weber, making packing of the bed easier.
They did a great job at that, and I also loved how little propane the stove used, and how quickly the grill/griddle heated up.
However, I grill almost every night when I'm camping, and I really missed the easy (read: none) clean-up of the Weber grill. With the cast iron griddle, there was real cleaning involved, and it was big, heavy and awkward to clean. Plus, due to the size of the grill, I couldn't use the it and a pan at the same time on the stove - something I could do on the Weber.
However, I think I have a solution. I'm going to get the Coleman Camp Grill/Stove, a combo unit that has a burner for a pan and a burner for a grill. I didn't get it the first time because I thought it was a bit kitschy, and that the burner for the pan would be too small. But now, I think it might be just right.
TL;DR - Though it's a great battery, my days of running a single Group 24F Toyota TrueStart battery are numbered; I'm moving to a dual battery system. And, I can no longer recommend the DBPOWER 600A 18000mAh Portable Car Jump Starter, since it failed to start my truck when I had a dead battery.
To date, I've run a single battery - the main starting battery - in my rig, and it's worked great. The battery I've been running (since 2011) is a Group 24F Toyota TrueStart, and it's done everything I asked of it - started the truck, run all of the communication equipment (Kenwood D710G dual-band ham radio) (Uniden Pro 520XL CB radio), charged phones and tablets, powered the ARB on-board air compressor, kept the ARB 50qt fridge at 35ºF, and even powered the Warn M8000 winch a couple of times.
On this last trip though, I had a bit of trouble on at least two separate occasions, where the fridge went into an error mode overnight due to lack of battery capacity.
This issue was compounded by the realization that the DBPOWER 600A 18000mAh Portable Car Jump Starter I carry in the truck doesn't have enough power to start the truck when the battery is really dead - something I found out after I returned and tried to start the truck for the first time.
I don't blame this on the battery at all - quite the contrary; I think the Toyota battery has probably performed better than it was ever expected to perform. That said, it's time to make a change - a change to a two-battery setup, so that I can run the fridge at night without worrying that I may not be able to start the truck in the morning.
Likely I'll go with two Northstar Group 24F sealed lead-acid batteries, but I still need to do some research into exactly how I'll setup the whole system. Suffice it to say, this will be a winter project for me this year.
TL;DR - I'd like to find a ham radio antenna that is more flexible/floppy than the one I've currently got, and that doesn't have a small section of wound metal in the middle, since that gets stuck on trees and pulls at the roof mount.
I've been running a Diamond NR770HBNMO mobile antenna since I got my ham radio, and from a Tx/Rx perspective, it's awesome. However, I'm always worried that when I hit low-hanging branches, it's trying to rip itself out of my roof. Evidence of this is often clear, as it was on my last trip to the Pryor mountains.
I'd like to find a whip antenna that I can replace the Diamond with so that - hopefully - when I hit a branch, it just flexes and scoots by, rather than catching itself on the foliage.
TL;DR - I continue to be really happy with the main tent, for the most part. I am not however, happy with the rain fly on it due to the "stargazer" windows never ever drying off.
The @Cascadia Tents Mt. Shasta Pioneer tent has been a game changer when camping. Being up off the (often wet) ground, having quick setup and tear-down, and just being all-around more comfortable are big pluses in my book. However, since the beginning there's been a problem: drying the rain fly.
The plastic they are made of is not clear enough to actually see the stars. I mean, you can tell there are stars in the sky, but everything's blurry because the plastic is all "warped." So, they fail at their reason to be.
The bigger problem however is that they never dry off. Unlike a normal rain fly that heats up in the morning sun to evaporate any water (rain, dew, etc.), these plastic windows either reflect all sunlight/heat or just let it pass through, and so they never warm up. As such, any water on them (and water droplets form on both the inside and outside of them) takes forever - literally hours and hours - to dry.
So, nearly every morning I find myself balancing on the edge of the truck rails with a beach towel in my hand, toweling off the sopping wet stargazer part of the tent - while everyone else (with normal rain flys) just let their tents dry out in the morning sun.
Unfortunately, I don't have a solution to this problem. Really what I'd like is a non-stargazer rain fly. However, I don't know if CVT even makes those anymore since stargazers are now "standard" on all tents. Plus, I bet they are expensive.
My recommendation to anyone else getting a tent: do everything you can to avoid the stargazer (or similar roof-window) option.
Rig Review: Hiking Death Valley - What worked and what didn't?
There is an easy fix for keeping tree junk out of the 'coil' in your antenna. Find a short piece of approx 1" diameter shrink-on and shrink it over your coil. Keeps branches and leaves from collecting in the coil and there is absolutely no impact on antenna performance.
The best solution in the long run is to get away from the expensive high gain antennas and make your own 1/4 wavelength whip. As a ham, you know how to figure what a 1/4 wavelength of 146 mHz (center of 2m band) which will be (about 20.2 inches). Cut a wire whip to that length, add/make a cap for safety, and just replace your 'road' antenna with your 'offroad' whip when you hit dirt. HRO has a whip antenna you can modify for about $20. Your offroad antenna is now now pretty much indestructible and line of sight range on the whip is 10-15 miles, more than enough to keep in touch with your group or monitor for traffic. In an emergency, just remount your high gain antenna - which won't be broken or bent ;).
Thanks Michael - the offroad 1/4 wavelength is a great idea, I'll probably give that a shot. I considered the heatshrink over the coil on the high gain antenna, but was worried that I'd affect the SWR (I know that the plastic cap on my firestik cb antenna dramatically alters SWR, even though I wouldn't expect it to).
I use a Larsen NMO 2/70 along with the optional Larsen base spring. I trimmed the antenna length to get good SWR (compensating for the additional length of the spring). I love this combo, extremely flexible and retains the high gain. It has a smaller phase coil in the center like the Diamond but i've been thru trees regularly and it never catches thanks to the spring.
Interesting. Do you have a link to the base spring you're talking about? I wonder if I could use something similar with the Diamond I'm currently running. | 2019-04-23T03:01:26 | https://adventuretaco.com/rig-review-what-worked-and-what-didnt-on-the-re-tour/ |
0.999926 | * What if Slack went free/libre and open source?
I recently turned down a job interview with Automattic, that I had literally waited months for them to schedule, because they insisted I use Slack for the interview and have switched WordPress.org development over to using Slack. Automattic used to use IRC and Skype for such prospective employee chats and for WordPress.org developer chats. I had hoped to add a real-time component to WordPress via Node.js and Automattic's socket.io to help make WordPress into a premier platform for real-time communications, decision support, and sensemaking, and said that in my application. To me, using Slack to interview with Automattic felt like it would have been significantly inconsistent with my stated goals for my work there. Readily agreeing to use Slack at Automattic just for an interview would also indicate tacit approval of Automattic's move to use Slack for WordPress.org as if there are not significant consequences for the WordPress community (a community which I am part of as a WordPress plugin developer and as a WordPress.org Trac participant helping identify and fix a significant WordPress core bug).
Some of these issues also apply to any organization choosing to use a proprietary centralized third-party platform for communications. Others are perhaps ignorable by some free software communities (like data mining risks if they work completely in the open anyway).
Now, not all free/libre software projects might follow all these rules and principles, depending on how much they are works of expediency versus works intended to support a free/libre culture. For example many FOSS projects use proprietary IDEs or use things like GitHub issues or JIRA (proprietary services). But the further free software projects get from these sorts of ideals, the more problematical the situation becomes.
Below are some notes with more details on these major issues that go beyond what I sent Automattic. I don't even include all the points I sent Automattic here though, some of which were more specific to that company.
This essay is inspired by, and builds on, Drew DeVault's essay "Please don't use Slack for FOSS projects". Thanks for being one of the first to take a stand on this issue, Drew.
Richard Stallman also asked some insightful questions which contributed towards these answers, and asked me to write thirty lines on this topic. This is not really what he asked for, but maybe someone else can summarize this and rewrite it into thirty lines? I put it under a CC-BY-SA license to facilitate that.
He (RMS) has also pointed out this essay would be much better if it distinguished between whether issues related specifically to a non-free client application (which could be fixed by the efforts of free software developers), and issues relating to the proprietary nature of the service (which could not be fixed). After all, free software developers do routinely make free software that interfaces with proprietary services (e.g. Google GMail or Amazon S3). Such Cloud and SaaS systems may present issues (centralization, privacy, running proprietary software on other people's computers), but they are somewhat different issues than strictly client-side free software issues. I agree this is an important distinction and this essay would be better if I had made it (and I might revise it to add that at some point). That said, since the current Slack API TOS prohibit using the API to make competing products, it is not clear to me that free/libre Slack clients are possible without violating the Slack API TOS, which may make that distinction moot. A FLOSS Slack client both replaces the proprietary Slack webapp which Slack might decide to add advertising to at some point, and such a client also could easily support competing messaging services (like Matrix.org). The legality of the Slack API TOS prohibiting such use may eventually need to be tested in court, but that is not a prospect for any free software developer to look forward to given the uncertainty of what happens to their personal finances and free software in the meanwhile.
A big concern prompting my writing this essay is the fact that Automattic's move to Slack is now being used to pressure other free software communities like Drupal to move to Slack. This essay is in hopes of heading that off.
Slack is a company with a proprietary webapp and backend service (also called "Slack") currently running on AWS servers that uses a proprietary API for messaging (although in a human readable JSON-based protocol). Slack stores all the messages you send to other Slack users on those centralized servers in an unencrypted form so the messages can be searched by you and others (including Slack itself for data mining). Slack the company claims (with some justification) Slack the service is easier to use and manage compared to IRC (if you use only Slack for all your communications), especially for teams in medium sized business. This is mainly because Slack is a pre-installed "software as a service" (SaaS) and supports some features email has but IRC does not like embedding HTML and images in chat messages. Slack also supports scrolling back through old messages and search, which IRC as an API does not (but email clients or some IRC clients do).
Slack has obtained US$340 million in investments, a lot of which could be used for advertising and US$80 million of which Slack is planning to invest in other companies developers to integrate their services with Slack, so expect to see a lot of Slack hype over the next couple of years.
A nonfree program denies users freedom, which is unjust in itself. Making the ethical issue sharper, for you to use Skype is to encourage someone else to use Skype, which means you're pressuring someone else to surrender freedom as well.
Slack is a proprietary software similar to Skype, Google+, or Facebook, and free alternatives exist (Mattermost) or could be created in an even better way (as with Matrix). You can't run Slack on your own hardware at any price. You can apparently export your Slack project to Mattermost, which is free software.
"Many larger organisations run all software on-premises, often because of security, scale and control. Since Slack doesn’t offer an on-premises version, we searched for other options. We found Mattermost to be the leading open source Slack-alternative and suggested a collaboration to the Mattermost team."
For many small to medium-size companies or non-profits, there can be business value in using Software as a Service (Saas) that someoen else hosts. Many small organizations do not have the IT staff needed to maintain, secure, and update communications software, whether a simple website or a more complex chat system. Thus the value in services like WordPress.org or DrupalGardens, or that of multiple third-party email hosts or website hosts.
However, even when outsourcing such services makes sense, picking a proprietary application using a proprietary API for a fundamental cross-organizational need like communications is very problematical for multiple reasons listed here.
Even Google Gmail, a centralized email system, supports a global standard (email). If you hooked GMail up to your own domain name, you can even switch from it to another provider and keep the same email address. You just can't do that with Slack.
Automattic is in the business of promoting FOSS communications tools and encouraging contributions by FOSS developers, a mission which, to me at least, is undermined by promoting a proprietary communications tool like Slack.
A free software project like WordPress choosing to abandon IRC and choose Slack for free software developer chat sends a message that free software is not good enough for regular communications and is not worth investing in to improve to meet whatever needs the proprietary software meets. That has a negative impact of the future of free software projects including ironically even WordPress. That was perhaps my single biggest concern for Automattic's use of Slack and so not wanting to agree to use Slack for a job interview at Automattic.
"For the first time in my life, I want to thank Larry McVoy. He recently eliminated a major weakness of the free software community, by announcing the end of his campaign to entice free software projects to use and promote his nonfree software. Soon, Linux development will no longer use this program, and no longer spread the message that nonfree software is a good thing if it's convenient. McVoy's great triumph was the adoption of this program for Linux development. No free software project is more visible than Linux. It is the kernel of the GNU/Linux operating system, an essential component, and users often mistake it for the entire system. As McVoy surely planned, the use of his program in Linux development was powerful publicity for it. It was also, whether intentionally or not, a powerful political PR campaign, telling the free software community that freedom-denying software is acceptable as long as it's convenient. If we had taken that attitude towards Unix in 1984, where would we be today? Nowhere. If we had accepted using Unix, instead of setting out to replace it, nothing like the GNU/Linux system would exist. ..."
Few free software (GPL) projects in the communications space have more visibility than WordPress, which runs about a quarter of the world's websites (according to Automattic). That is why promoting Slack by Automattic is so tragic. Automattic is in the business of promoting FOSS communications tools and encouraging contributions by FOSS developers in order to "make the web a better place". That is a mission which, to me at least, is undermined by promoting a proprietary communications tool like Slack. A big selling point of Automattic's services vs. say Wix or SquareSpace is that Automattic is a company specializing in reliable FOSS-based communications with open import/export standards and expandable with plugins and so on. It sends a very mixed message to the WordPress community when Automattic then starts promoting proprietary communications software as (implicitly) the best thing -- even going so far as to claim Slack is more "open" than IRC.
As an analogy, consider Seed Saver’s Exchange whose mission is “Saving America’s Heirloom Seeds”. Such seeds are free and open source in the sense that they are not covered by copyrights or patents, and you can save your seeds from this year’s crop and grow from them the next year’s crop (which you can’t legally do with a lot of commercial seeds now). As they say in their story, “Diane and Kent went on to form a network of gardeners interested in preserving heirloom varieties and sharing seeds. Today, with 13,000 members and 20,000 plant varieties, Seed Savers Exchange makes its home on 890 scenic acres in Winneshiek County, Iowa, at Heritage Farm.” Now, imagine if Seed Savers decided to “improve” those acres to make them more “open” to stakeholders who were coming for a big get together to create the future of Seed Savers. Imagine, to spruce up the place, Seed Savers replaced all the flowers by the main buildings with commercial proprietary flower varieties because they were easier for gardeners to get and cheaper to buy. Imagine they served only GMO produce from Monsanto at the get-together because it was likewise cheaper and easier to get and such food had some advantages claimed by Monsanto (a major developer of proprietary GMO seeds). Imagine they even announced a big partnership with Monsanto at the get together and on the CEO of the organization’s blog. And, imagine Seed Savers paraded these decisions in front of stakeholders of evidence of how hip and cool and “open” and heirloom-gardener-friendly they were being, and said that using Monsanto products at the heart of their operation did not matter to their mission because they were still growing heirloom seeds in the actual fields. And imagine people came along to suggest trying new varieties of free and open heirloom seeds to meet whatever needs Monsanto was supposedly meeting and just got told there was not enough time or money to consider that. How many stakeholders do you think would walk away from that stakeholder meeting shaking their heads in bewilderment? Or worse?
Slack requires signing up and agreeing with a long Terms of Service (TOS); the TOS can be changed at any time, and historically such TOS have changed for the worse over time for other services once a lot of users adopt the service and become locked in by inertia and interlocking usages with other groups.
"You may not use the Slack API to replicate or compete with core products or services offered by Slack. You acknowledge and agree that Slack has or may in the future offer products or services that are similar to your Application, and nothing will prevent Slack from doing so...".
This could be seen as prohibiting even discussing Slack alternatives on software gatewayed into Slack for notification. Agreeing to an arbitrarily-changing TOS when you want to develop free communications software is just not a prudent thing to do for a free software developer, which was a personal reason of mine for not wanting to use Slack, since I would like to write free software (like Twirlip https://github.com/pdfernhout/Twirlip2 ) that competes with Slack as far as supporting all sorts of (near) real-time messaging (whiteboards, chat, NarraFirma, structured arguments, IBIS, etc.). BitKeeper, for example, prohibited using BitKeeper for developing BitKeeper alternatives.
Automattic is agreeing to, and essentially forcing thousands of free software developers to agree to, a Terms of Service agreement which Slack can terminate or change at any time. Given Slack is potentially a competitor to Automattic in the communications space, that seems problematical to me, given the TOS might be recrafted specifically to harm Automattic, or for that matter, free communications software.
For Automattic, there is a potential concern about Slack's TOS saying you can't use Slack APIs to compete with Slack and Slack can take your product ideas and do what it wants with them. applies potentially for Automattic and their WordPress integration with Slack.
Any organization, especially a governmental one, might want to have lawyers review the Slack TOS first, including in an employment context of what requiring Slack use is actually asking employees to agree to (especially given the terms can be changed at will by Slack).
Slack can terminate the Slack service or any user at any time for any reason with no recourse (or at best, individual arbitration, preventing class action lawsuits). Remember when Twitter got rid of regular RSS feeds for tweets after everyone became dependent on Twitter as a core internet service? Letting your free software community become dependent on such a brittle resource is just unwise in the long term.
A big organization might be able to get some service level agreement; I don't know what is possible there.
If you are not online, you can't access your Slack messages from your web browser (not sure about the mobile apps). Further, if you participate in a community and are dropped from the community, you lose access to your whole communications history with that group (unlike an email mailing list).
"Note that our servers need to fetch every URL in a message in order to determine what kind of content it references. If you'd like to stop this from happening, set both unfurl_links and unfurl_media to false when posting the message."
Slack centralizes communications in a non-encrypted searchable form making government surveillance trivial, and thus further altering the balance of power between citizens and government.
Slack could potentially inject unwanted messages into your message stream from a single global central server system (advertisement, disinformation, malware, whatever). Still, that is true for any centralized service. But as Slack aspires to completely replace IRC and other forms of chat and shared messaging (including screensharing), and has a lot of money to promote itself, this is still worrisome.
Also, if Slack is down, your community is down.
If Slack goes out of business, your community or business may go out of business if you are completely dependent on it, including for access to your organization's shared knowledgebase.
"To make the product better we have to understand how users are using it. We have a fair bit of data about usage and we intend to use it many different ways to improve our products, including research. This policy is not intended to place any limits on what we do with usage data that is aggregated or de-identified so it is no longer tied to a Slack user."
"Apply your expertise in quantitative analysis, data mining, and the presentation of data to inform and influence product and business decisions"
For example, imagine if one group of officials from one political party paid Slack to data mine all the communications of another group of officials from another party? Whether the TOS permits it now (and I think it probably does permit that to some extent, even if Slack might be ill-advised to take money to do that), the TOS might permit it next year.
You also don't know who might buy Slack soon (Facebook, Google, Microsoft, IBM). What are the potential legal issues if a regulated business like IBM buys Slack and now has access to all the government's internal discussions about IBM or some other company? What if a billionaire individual like, say, Bill Gates or Tom Golisano buys Slack (or some chunk of it) so he can have a peak inside into internal governmental discussions about himself and his corporate holdings?
Now, personally, in some alternative reality, I might see someone making an argument that all government communications or even corporate communications of any nature should be on the record and easily publicly inspectable. I'm not saying I advocate for that because the practical consequences might be unmanageable in our current society -- just that I could see an argument for it in some hypothetical alternative reality. If the government decides to adopt such a complete transparency policy though, then Slack use might make more sense, given Slack is part of the public and so preferential access does not apply, even if Slack might not be the best way to make all government or corporate communications publicly available. Even then, asking citizens to agree with an arbitrary third-party TOS from Slack to review everything a public official or CEO or their staff has ever said to anybody itself is still problematical. But at least then we would just be talking accessibility, not fundamental privacy expectations or political balance of power.
I myself would not prefer Slack for any sort of communications one might want to have a record of like design documents or whatever. It is also not prudent to use Slack for communications one might not want an arbitrary third-party to have. Yet, I send emails around with ideas, and I know email is like a post card as far as data protection. I don't have much faith in encryption in practice, either. I assume all such communications are logged by multiple third-parties. There's even a small part of me, a part interested in history and archiving, who hopes that is true, so in 100 years people (and/or AIs) can learn about these "interesting" times we are living through. Assuming the logging consequences themselves taken across society (including both political and psychological aspects) were not seriously bad, which they might be. :-( Most of the work I do, I do in public whenever possible, since why pay the price of hiding stuff when the government and your connected and perhaps underhanded competitor probably has it all anyway? So, a bunch of these privacy concerns to me specifically are more about the principle of privacy than the practice, as well various unintended consequences of making data aggregation easy -- which is what Slack is designed to do.
By contrast, I'd suggest a lot of public officials or corporate executives might feel differently about that privacy issue in practice if they or their staff thought at all about it or the implications if Slack changes hands. But, I could easily be wrong about that; people take so many things about the web for granted now and just assume things about it being private. They do that even when they should know better, like with the Anthony Weiner scandal.
Of course, all systems have weak links (often the people involved, even if the software is perfect in some sense). I can also see the case for some organizations deciding they would rather trust some third-party with terrific data security teams to secure their information than, say, a locally-hired part-time IT consultant. And even teams of full-time well-trained professionals make mistakes (like with Steam's recent caching issues). So, this is not a black-and-white issue for many small businesses who might, in that sense, actually have more privacy in practice with Slack (ignoring Slack's data breach in March 2015 of course). The same argument can be made for Google's or Amazon's servers as well or other cloud technologies.
But somehow centralizing all the world's private instant messaging in Slack in an easily searchable unencrypted form (apparently the goal of Slack) feels different to me than spinning up an AWS EC2 instance to host a public website. Slack just poses a very tempting target for cybercriminals.
Also, even if you like Slack and want to outsource hosting for it for IT reasons, why not get a reliable third-party to host the FOSS Mattermost software for you instead, to avoid vendor lockin? If your host proves problematical or cuts off you arbitrarily or violates your privacy, you can then always move. That is the Automattic/WordPress.com business model, and it seems a sensible one to me.
Many government officials might perhaps just shrug and say they use Facebook and Skype and SnapChat and so what is the issue with one more third-party service like Slack?
If you look at Slack solely from the point of view of public officials communicating with constituents who want to use it, it is hard to say there is any issue with such use given emerging practical necessity. If that is the way constituents want to communicate with their elected or appointed officials (instead of other proprietary services like Facebook or Skype or WhatsApp or open standards like email or IRC), it is indeed irresponsible-seeming to say no to that. That can be true even if one can still make a conceptual argument for supporting communication standards and not services.
However, even given the above point, as a personal opinion, I feel a democratic government, considered as a whole, is, in a way, a special type of free and open source community given a public interest mission which includes encouraging civic participation. Thus, like any FOSS community, a government should always lean strongly towards supporting free and open standards for communications.
As Professor Eric von Hippel of MIT suggests, typically 80% of significant product improvement ideas come from the user community in some contexts. Government choices of what software to use can have enormous impacts as to how many people use these systems, and thus how many people make suggestions about them as an informal "free and open source" community of ideas -- or who help improve such systems either as part of their jobs or on their own time out of fun or a joy in service. So, who is going to be getting all those improvement ideas coming from government employees or other citizens? And can such ideas be acted on in-house if needed?
In the internet age, free and open source software provides a way to distribute value to the public at no incremental cost. That is one reason why it makes sense for digital public works funded by tax dollars and charitable dollars to be accessible and free to all. Proprietary companies can then build on top of free and open source software if they so choose, as can anyone, with a level playing field. Since much of what government workers (at least at the Federal level) is in the public domain, ideally the ideas they contribute as users should be towards free and open systems anyone can build on.
Essentially, the government's choice of any proprietary communications platform is providing a huge subsidy to any product in terms of Quality Assurance (QA) and user-suggested improvements. It is unfair to other commercial competitors (or would-be competitors), if the government provides such a huge non-financial subsidy to just one commercial company. It is also unfair to the FOSS projects in that area, given the commercial competitor will likely be using software patents and other monopoly advantages to disrupt competitors whether FOSS or proprietary. By choosing FOSS communications tools, at least the government is providing that non-financial QA and innovation subsidy to, essentially, the public knowledgebase, creating a more level playing field for all communication tool developers who can then draw from that public knowledge.
Since citizens have many different preferences and needs as to how to communicate, ideally government systems should be based on accessible open standards supporting many different types of clients (like email and IRC do).
Since governments discuss many sensitive matters, they should always have the option of hosting such discussions on their own equipment to their own standards -- or choosing (via a publicly accountable process) a specific trusted vendor to host a specific system meeting specific requirements including supporting open standards and without vendor lock-in.
As the US GSA's 18F Group advocates, free and open source software makes a lot of sense for government IT acquisitions.
So, a government organization should require a high bar of justification for adopting a proprietary communications system for any purpose, especially a proprietary systems where content is controlled by a non-governmental third party (whether Slack or anyone else), given communications is at the heart of most government activity.
It may be OK and even desirable as above to support proprietary systems like Slack (or dozens of competitors) as needed for interoperation with the world beyond government offices, but proprietary systems are problematical at the core of governance (at any scale).
Slack focuses on small teams and central administration, but free software communities are more open and decentralized.
In most cases Slack makes you pay for each user and limits how many guest accounts you get and what they can do. Having to pay for each user means you tend not to invite a lot of people you’d like to have on the Team. This friction is like throwing sand into an engine. You need to have the freedom to invite anyone you want and not worry about money.
"In my desperation, I tried to manually send out the invites. That's when I was confronted with an ominous message: "You have reached the maximum number of users". My heart sank. Our contributors had sunk so many hours into building Slack features. We'd endorsed Slack to thousands of people on our Twitch.tv streams, and even mentioned it in interviews with the media. We were heavily dependent on their service. In a cold sweat, I started googling. There was literally nothing on web saying anything about Slack having a maximum number of users - only marketing material saying that free tier organizations could have as many users as we wanted. Apparently, we were the first community to ever hit Slack's undisclosed limit. ..."
Supporting millions of users communicating with each other via different preferred clients may just require a fundamentally different conceptual architecture than Slack uses to support small teams (perhaps more more like the kind of thing email with mailing lists does).
Searching old messages past 10,000 (easily reached quickly in a big community) or *deleting* messages in a big community is not free-as-in-beer.
Slack is actually quite expensive for free communities at $8 per user per month as the lowest price point. At 500 users in a community, this would US$4,000 per month for a free software community that wanted to have complete archives available to Slack users.
Most free software projects want to be "on the record" with their discussions (at least, most of them). How can I now look at old developer chats about WordPress done on Slack? I just can't. Previously, there might have been public IRC logs, or I could have used a service like IRCCloud or set up my own software to log the WordPress developer IRC chat messages for me without agreeing to the Slack TOS.
Slack archives are not accessible publicly, unless each user who wants to see the archives signs up with Slack, which raises the cost per user (compared to say, just using GNU Mailman and Pipermail archives).
It looks like you could setup the new "SlackArchive" service to make Slack discussions publicly viewable, but now you are using yet another proprietary service to host your data.
There also seems to be "CloudPipes" to search Slack chats, as another proprietary service? I don't know how it works or what the limits are.
Since the Slack TOS prohibits competing with Slack, and Slack might move into these areas with paid services, how long will SlackArchive or CloudPipes' Google-to-Slack service even be around before Slack cuts off API access?
Administrators in some Slack configurations can see all private messages. This may be OK or even needed in some business contexts, and there is notice, and such terms could be rejected (by not using Slack or participating in the community). However, the Slack TOS as above could always be changed to not require notice.
Slack may be purchased at any time by another company (Facebook, Google, Yahoo, Microsoft, Apple, a hedge fund, a patent troll), meaning you do not know who will have a copy of your communications tomorrow, how such a new company will change the TOS, or what such a new company will do with any software you build onto Slack.
What if Slack went free/libre and open source?
Slack might also become FOSS and hostable at multiple places like Mattermost. If so, much, but not all, of my concerns outlined here would not apply.
Still, even then, as with Mattermost, I'd suggest such systems should ideally use some common communications backend that acts like Matrix.org (discussed below).
What proprietary communication service should a free software community choose when, eventually, there may be dozens of proprietary Slack clones to choose from and none of them interoperate? Shouldn't the ideal answer be, "none of the above", and let's use a common standard like email, IRC, git, or something even better (like Matrix.org)?
"Evaluate whether to replace drupal IRC channels with another communication medium"
That topic's title was first something like "Replace IRC with Slack or Open Source version" until some Drupal community pushback.
Wordpress increased the number of connected people 4x when switched (doesn't necessarily mean 4x the participation) @todo add a link to source of statistic. Their #wordpress support channel still remains only on IRC.
Slack, SASS. It meets most, if not all, of the requirements listed.
Lets chat, F/OSS. Node+Mongo, meets many of the requirements listed, but not as integrated or used as slack. Also needs to be hosted locally.
Hipchat, SASS. It meets many of the requirements listed. 3rd party integration.
"Some people might dislike new chat client, especially if it requires running an application just to communicate with the Drupal community."
"Personally I really do not want to see this happen. Thank you for the well-thought summary as it already has many of my objections covered. I'd add that IRC being an open protocol with huge amount of open source support means it's extremely flexible. Making chat participation easy can be achieved building on top of IRC. It's possible to set up all kinds of web-accessible interfaces and even gateway bots between different services so I'd argue things can be improved without a migration to something else. There are also ways in which these tools like Slack/Hipchat raise the barrier of entry rather than lower it. Most of them, like Slack, require registration. Everyone stays on their own little island that you have to separately register to. With IRC there is no registration and with so many open source projects on Freenode you may well already be set up to just join another channel. I wasn't convinced by the arguments put forth by the WordPress team at all. The only one that I do think is a good point is about the maintenance overhead. Regarding the WordPress participation: I think it's too early to assess the impact fully. The claims I've seen about increased participation were also made a pretty short time after the move so I'd like to know what's the latest on that."
As implied in the comment there from Antti J. Salminen, there is a huge difference between a *standard* everyone uses (email, IRC, whatever) and a *service* everyone uses (Google+, DropBox, Slack, HipChat, whatever). Standards bring people together (hopefully), services can pull them apart through fragmentation as services all try to lock people into into walled prisons. Granted, free standards is not exactly a free software issue specifically, even though you would hope free software developers would know better by now.
Still, despite that, there are indeed many things about IRC people don't like. There is a need here, no doubt. So, the circumstances are ripe for change, as they were in source control when people were getting tired of CVS issues, especially in far-flung distributed FOSS communities. But change to what?
Email is really a problematical way to discuss complex nuanced issues, as is chat. It is hard to track points and counterpoints and so on. The free software community could benefit from structured arguments and multi-perspective analysis about what technology platforms to use and why. :-) I'd even like to build such tools (based on ideas from the intelligence community).
Automattic was really on to something using IRC and internal advanced P2/O2 blogs instead of email for most of its internal work. But Slack is now starting to take all that over, and probably less flexibly than when content is hosted on WordPress and plugins are supported.
On the other hand, many such services may fail, like Kato which died on August 31, 2015 -- taking all your organizational memory with it unless you exported it first, and even then what can you easily do with the export?
"WHY... In short — Slack ate the world and we failed to gain traction. Our SAML- and SCIM-enabled enterprise product had no takers from larger companies. he unique Kato features that made it stand out from the competition—proper multi-team support, swim-lane multi-chat design, great search, Vim-based keyboard shortcuts, the fast-forward button (esp. on mobile), and flexible group mentions—weren’t unique enough to get a critical mass of people publicly excited about the product.
All this forced us to stop working on Kato in January—we “pivoted” the company to Sameroom.io, the multi-protocol gateway that connects chatrooms across services.
We were hoping to keep Kato running on autopilot indefinitely—to wait things out, but our software eventually disagreed: the service started getting sick, causing annoying issues on a daily basis.
Since we are committed to operating with 100% uptime and we can no longer give it our best effort, we have to kill Kato. It’s a pity."
Sadly, frankly, brokering what proprietary services to use is not the business I want to be in though, helping smooth over a Babel of proprietary systems as opposed to replace them all with free software and open standards (whether Mattermost, eXo, Hack Chat, Kandan, Kollab, kune, Let's Chat, Rocket.Chat, Twirlip, Zulip, or improvements to email, IRC, Matrix.org, or other standards). So, once again, my millions and billions slip away. :-) But financial obesity can be pretty ugly as a social thing, anyway. So, maybe I am better off to avoid it.
Also, as Kato said in their Swan Song, it looks like they then created sameroom.io provides a paid service to bridge some chat systems, and likely they would just compete with such a plugin in various ways. Of course, when you use sameroom.io, presumably you are now trusting yet another specific (potentially aggregating) third-party with all your bridged external communications (apparently the same one behind the failed Kato).
It may now be very costly for Automattic to move away from the proprietary Slack software which it has now widely promoted. Just think of all the Automattic employees and thousands of WordPress.org participants who would also have to change the tools they use. Automattic has by now also created multiple bots and such that integrate with Slack. That all will be used to justify not changing from using of Slack now.
And that’s the reason a lot of people use FOSS WordPress over Wix or SquareSpace or whatever as a primary community communications platform, even, and perhaps especially, if they choose to host WordPress at WordPress.com. :-) Knowing WordPress.com users could easily leave is an incentive for Automattic to keep innovating and stay responsive. What is Slack's incentive to keep innovating or stay responsive after they have locked you and all your friends in?
"Matrix is an open standard for decentralised communication, providing simple HTTP APIs and open source reference implementations for securely distributing and persisting JSON over an open federation of servers. ... Matrix’s initial goal is to fix the problem of fragmented IP communications: letting users message and call each other without having to care what app the other user is on - making it as easy as sending an email. The longer term goal is for Matrix to act as a generic HTTP messaging and data synchronisation system for the whole web - allowing people, services and devices to easily communicate with each other, empowering users to own and control their data and select the services and vendors they want to use ... Matrix is an open initiative which acts as a neutral custodian of the Matrix standard. It’s not actually incorporated anywhere at the moment but we are looking at the best legal structure for the future (and as of October 2015 we have hopefully found one). Whatever the legal structure, we are committed to keeping the Matrix project open. ... We firmly believe it is what is right for the consumer. As people begin to use interoperable communications tools, service providers will see the benefit and compete on quality of service, security and features rather than relying on locking people into their walled garden. We believe as soon as users see the availability and benefits of interoperable services they will demand it. ..."
"Git" equivalent of real-time communications is; could Matrix be that?
Matrix is even better than Mattermost in this regard. Still, I can hope we see bridges between Mattermost and Matrix.org, and I don't see in theory why such bridges are not possible, like if the Mattermost frontend is overlayed a Matrix.org backend.
I do not know whether Matrix works well or will succeed, or whether there are currently better alternatives to it, but their heart is clearly in the right place from a free software / free culture perspective based on what they write above. So, in contrast to Slack, Matrix is more the kind of thing free software developers should be supporting as a standard. That's the kind of thing WordPress and Drupal communities should then be emphasizing interfacing with and using IMHO instead of Slack. WordPress/Automattic has already committed to Slack apparently, but at least Drupal/Acquia has not.
Even for WordPress.org, it seems like they could switch over to Mattermost in a short while and then go from there towards Matrix.org integration.
Ultimately, a standard like Matrix.org is a better general solution than a specific FOSS solution like Mattermost, even if Mattermost may be a great piece of software. That's the difference between email as a standard versus a specific locally-hosted email client/server combination as a standard.
Of course, I have my own ideas for a way forward (Twirlip/Pointrel, as a step towards a "social semantic desktop"), but Matrix.org has social momentum, and likely whatever I want to do could be built on Matrix.org or otherwise be compatible with it.
I use Skype for business. I signed up back when it was peer-to-peer, before Microsoft bought it. I also use GitHub (which at least supports the git standard for the core of its services, even if its issues are locked in). I could be using GitLab instead. Call me a hypocrite perhaps, but Slack is just the newest threat to free software and free discussion, and it is sad to see us going backwards as a global community.
But as for Slack use by me personally, it's true that I'd rather not agree to another random company's TOS. :-) And I really don't want to see Slack succeed in destroying IRC without something better that is FOSS replacing IRC real soon now.
Realistically, I may well have to get a Slack account eventually if everyone starts using it. I'm not independently wealthy and I have to find paying programming work now and then, and I live in a rural area and can't be too picky, especially regarding work-from-home jobs. It was probably a dumb idea for my family to not interview with Automattic over the Slack issue, and my wife is (justifiably) very angry with me about it. Automattic only hires about 20% of people it interviews, and I had some other much smaller concerns about me fitting into the company (no place is perfect), so taking a stand on Slack relating to an interview is not the same as, say, if I already worked at Automattic and loved it and quit over just Slack.
As long as the Slack TOS doesn't specifically make me agree not to develop FOSS communications software (or have some other restriction few FOSS programmers or few average people would willingly agree with), I probably would have no significant problem getting a Slack account for work (beyond grumbles as above). I have not looked recently at whatever TOS Skype has have since Microsoft bought them; I just use Skype mostly for work stuff at other people's suggestion. I would probably treat a Slack account the same way, but I would be sad about it.
However, in contrast, the Automattic case is special, given Automattic is in the communications business, and the kind of work I'd like to do at a place like Automattic would have been replacing the need for using Slack with WordPress plugins. If Automattic is so strongly committed to Slack, it means such work is likely not possible there.
The issue of Slack use came up again in the context of a job application I made to a governmental organization interested in using Slack, my having mentioned the issue with Slack and Automattic. Unlike with Automattic, I told them I would have no major problem using it there in the context of work. I have different expectations about government than someplace like Automattic (both positive ones and negative ones). Regarding Automattic, the issues isn't so much about Slack itself as what Automattic's promoting Slack (over other FOSS solutions, even Automattic's own P2/O2 blogs) said about Automattic and how feasible work was that I wanted to do as my day job there. A governmental organization using Slack might be problematical and perhaps ill-advised IMHO (as with privacy or availability guarantees), and I'm sure there will no doubt eventually be some other governmental choices I might feel that way about. :-) But Automattic using Slack was IMHO long-term self-destructive for both Automattic and the WordPress.org community given WordPress is a FOSS communications tool supported by (sometimes ideologically-motivated) free software developers -- even if perhaps Automattic maybe can't quite see that yet or has forgotten that somehow.
So, it is not the end of the world to me to use Slack (though I'd rather not, since I might write competing messaging software and I also don't like Slack's Terms of Service). No doubt everyone will be using Slack soon, and it will become a broad job requirement. The world and IRC can only stand so long against US$340 million worth of Slack-funded hype, especially given IRC really is not that easy to use to begin with and Slack does address some serious usability issues (even if introducing different issues about privacy and central control of information). Again, and worth repeating from the Hacker News article, the issue of Slack vs. IRC is not "BitKeeper vs. Git" but "BitKeeper vs. CVS". We still have yet to see what is the Git equivalent of Slack. But I hope we do see something like that soon (whether Mattermost, Matrix.org, or something else).
What bothered me most regarding Automattic and Slack was Automattic apparently just giving up on improving fine-grained real-time collaboration via WordPress, leading to a conflict between stated values (promoting free and open source communication tools like WordPress, the base of their prosperity) and actions (getting people to use a proprietary communication tool including at WordPress.org to develop FOSS). I might expect that conflict between statements and actions of many many people, even at any governmental organization perhaps given politicians are politicians and are always making shifting alliances related to politics. I am no stranger to it in my own actions too sadly (as with working for NBCUniversal instead of developing FOSS, despite having claimed to believe FOSS is overall the better way). But when your business revolves around promoting the value of free communications software like WordPress, that conflict does not bode well, even if it is true we all have multiple principles to balance and choose priorities from (like family vs. FOSS or difficult business decisions about core competencies vs. an essential need for instant messaging in a distributed company). That Slack situation mostly suggests what I wanted to do there with improved real-time collaborative decision support and sensemaking tools for WordPress was not likely to go well if Automattic has abandoned the field of real-time messaging to Slack.
Trying to come up with an analogy about some action that Automattic might take and I would approve of, and which I would be appalled if government would take, imagine if both Automattic and a state government in the USA decided to implement an "Employee Stock Ownership Plan", where all the assets of the organization would be distributed equally among the employees. In the Automattic case, while one might question whether such a plan will work given Manuel De Landa's point about all real systems being mixes of meshworks and hierarchies, such a plan would still be exciting to try. I'd be very interested in writing democratic decision support software to help make that work as well as it could for Automattic. Such a plan would not be in conflict with Automattic's fundamental mission of making the web a better place (whether one agreed with it as a prudent business model or not). By contrast, if a state government was going to vote to distribute all public lands equally among legislators and current legislative employees, then as a citizen, I'd have a big problem with that, whether or not I got a cut. :-) Further, if the state government was going to use eminent domain to claim all the rest of land in the state (which it also implicitly owns) to distribute all that land likewise to legislators and their staff members, to implement a feudal model across the state with Dukedoms for current legislators, Baronies for current staffers, and non-voting serfdom for all other state residents not currently working for the legislature, I'd have an even bigger problem with that. :-) I would not take a job implementing software for such a project, even if I got to release all the software I wrote as FOSS, and I could work from home, and I got paid a million dollars a year, and I got a title of "Baron", and I was granted round the clock police protection (which anyone would need in that situation to protect from neighbors with pitchforks). Such a plan done by a state government would violate the notions of public trust, public stewardship, and democratic process implicit in a state government's mission. If such a plan was being discussed seriously in state government, the most responsible thing any state citizen in a democracy could do would be to first politely (or maybe even impolitely :-) explain why such a plan was a terrible idea in a democracy, and then if needed because the plan goes forward anyway, oppose such a plan. Joining up with such a plan would be seen by most of the community as a compete violation of a public trust.
Of course, feudal systems have their own dynamics, and have been stable for hundreds or thousands of years with mutual obligations between serfs and Lords and various social benefits (including fast flexible decision making and high security with low taxes). So, it is not like you can't make a case for feudal systems of government depending on your priorities or likely social position in the resulting changeover. :-) But that is just not the form of governance we have right now in the USA or what political officials in the USA have been elected to oversee. Likewise, there are many proprietary communications software development projects, and some like Slack are indeed nice in some ways, but proprietary communications software development is not what Automattic shepherds with WordPress.
If a state government uses Slack, one could even see that as government trying to be progressive and efficient, even if the choice specifically was unwise for reasons listed here. That choice would not be a betrayal of the state's mission of good governance -- even if it was a bad idea. Governments try stuff all the time; some plans are always going to turn out to be bad ideas because they were incompletely thought out or subject to unknowns only discoverable by doing, and you learn from that experience, and you move on. By contrast, a company like Automattic that has succeeded among users and FOSS developers based on promoting the value of FOSS communication tools to make the web a better place is betraying its mission to promote proprietary communication tools like Slack external to the company -- no matter how convenient or useful they are. Internal to the company one might make a case, although even then, it is probably unwise overall since it will still implicitly be promoting the tools and be used as an example to others, as in: "See, even Automattic uses proprietary communication tools in house, so why set up in-house P2/O2 WordPress blogs when we can just use Slack?" Is that really the message Automattic wants to be sending into the world related to its mission of making the web a better place? Is that a good message for Automattic to be sending for its very own survival as a business? If I really believed in that mission, how can I support that betrayal whether before or after I was hired?
Granted, a more practical person might argue I should have used Slack to argue against Slack at Automattic (as one Automattician advised me), and maybe that would have been prudent including for me and my family (assuming it is not currently against the Slack TOS). So, I won't say it is a completely black and white issue. In that sense, it was a probably a dumb personal decision to refuse an interview at Automattic based on Slack, and I may well be paying for that decision in multiple ways for a long time to come (some mix of costly and time-wasting unhealthy long commutes, working on proprietary stuff, less productive working conditions on-site in noisy spaces, lower pay, family disapproval, etc.). Although, there was only a 20% chance of getting hired from the point of an interview anyway, so it most likely would not have worked out anyway. And I can still hope other jobs at other places might potentially have their own advantages comparable to Automattic's in their own ways even if they come with various different disadvantages.
Likely that refusal will have zero effect on Automattic as well. Presumably thousands of people who make the resume cut are literally waiting months just for job interviews there. Automattic likely has no shortage of willing would-be Slack users. Given Slack is indeed a cool piece of technology from a webapp UX perspective (ignoring all the other various issues), a lot of would-be Automatticians might see using Slack as a real plus to working there and likely have Slack account already.
Still, Automattic is ten years old in an ever changing industry and may or may not be here in another ten years depending on how such decisions like asking FOSS developers to use Slack play out. By contrast, most governmental organizations in the USA are typically about two hundred years old and are going to be here ten years from now pretty much no matter what they do or what software they use or abandon for whatever short-term or long-term reasons. :-) That is true even if faces may change and policies may change at governmental organizations over time based on civic feedback.
The biggest challenge of the 21st century is the irony of technologies of abundance in the hands of those still thinking in terms of scarcity.
Update: 2016-01-11 (added feudal analogy, reclassified eXo as FOSS, added point on QA/innovation subsidy, added point on client/service FOSS distinction, added more proprietary services to list and stuff on Kato demise and sameroom.io, added practical point near end). | 2019-04-24T18:37:05 | https://pdfernhout.net/reasons-not-to-use-slack-for-free-software-development.html |
0.999999 | A barman who pushed his lover 50 feet off the top of a car park and then tried to claim she jumped has been jailed for eight years.
Shaun Foley, 45, rushed to a nearby pub and told customers he had seen his partner Teresa Parkin, 29, run over the edge as he tried to cover up.
But the jury rejected his lie and convicted him.
The truth emerged when detectives checked CCTV cameras in Torquay, Devon, and a witness came forward who overheard him shouting he was going to 'kill that f****** slag' minutes before the attack.
Footage showed Miss Parkin trying to walk away after Foley cornered her. He is then seen knocking her over before chasing her as she tried to flee across a raised causeway which leads from the top storey to a nearby street.
In the last image of the blonde chambermaid alive she can be seen backing away from Foley towards the railings. She then disappears from view, reeling backwards as he has his arms raised.
Drunk Foley was in a jealous rage after he rang his on-off partner's mobile and it was answered by a 'strange' man, Exeter Crown Court heard. In reality she had left the phone on a bar.
The defendant, who lived just yards from the murder scene in Rock Road, Torquay, had denied murder but was found guilty of manslaughter.
Judge Graham Cottle jailed Foley in his absence after he refused to attend court for his sentencing - and said claims that Ms Parkin jumped were 'absurd'.
In remarks addressed to the defendant who was already in custody, the judge said: 'The prosecution case against you is that you either pushed or threw the deceased from the top level of the car park, in consequence of which she fell more than 11 metres to her death.
'The case advanced by you was that she had jumped, presumably in an act of suicide. The jury clearly rejected that absurd notion.
'You must have used considerable force, bearing in mind the height of the railings and the height of the deceased.
'It was an intentional and deliberate act to put her over the railings and an appallingly dangerous act that led directly to her death.
During the two week trial the jury spent hours studying the CCTV and were also taken to see the car park where Teresa died.
Foley has previously served a ten year jail term for an armed supermarket hold-up.
Mr Paul Fitton QC, prosecuting, said: 'In police interviews he claimed that Teresa Parkin had quite deliberately thrown herself off the roof of the car park right in front of him.
'He said there had been no argument or tensions between them but the CCTV shows he became angry, aggressive and violent towards her.
'They continue to argue, apparently pushing and shoving each other. He lost his temper and forced her off the car park roof.
'His account that she committed suicide is a lie told to escape from any blame of what he did.
Foley had claimed that Parkin was upset after a row with her ex-partner about custody for her ten-year-old son. | 2019-04-21T23:17:41 | https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1352239/Barman-pushed-lover-50ft-death-car-park-said-jumped.html |
0.999979 | Empathy. What is that? What do I need it for? Do I have to be born with it or can I learn it? These questions, among others, will be dealt with in the following article. But before we start, let me give you a little example.
I hope you have never been part of a conversation like that. If you have, make sure to show your dialogue partner this article — if they are still working at that company. Empathy is one of the most important skills when it comes to customer support and the example that I have just given shows what a complete lack of empathy looks like. Let‘s check what empathy means and how you can avoid a conversation like the one from my example.
Put the focus on the conversation.
Let your counterpart finish what they are saying.
Recap the most important facts.
Don't stop at level one.
Empathy describes the ability to perceive what’s going on inside somebody else. You feel empathy for the other person’s thoughts, emotions, motives and personal attributes. In other words: You engage with somebody. This includes perception, comprehension and being able to relate to the other party’s actions, statements and attitude. But empathy isn’t just about taking in. It is also about reacting in a suitable way.
Affective or emotional empathy: You have the same feelings as your counterpart. This type is also called compassion or commiseration. Because that‘s what is happening: you feel miserable, even if the other person’s problem isn’t directly affecting you. Imagine a friend telling you that their parents just died in a horrible accident. Neither your own parents nor yourself are affected by that accident. Still, you may have a strong feeling of loss and misery — commiseration.
Cognitive or mental empathy: you perceive feelings, emotions, and attributes of your counterpart. But in contrast to affective empathy, you don’t have those feelings yourself. You keep a certain distance and although you understand what’s happening inside that other mind, you don’t feel what they feel Here’s an example: You see a random person, sitting in a cafe. He is bent over, lets his head hang and stares into his pot of coffee with drooping corners of his mouth. Now and then, he sighs deeply. Without talking to him, you understand that he’s obviously not happy, just by interpreting his body language and actions.
Social Empathy: in this field, we’re moving away from single people and towards groups. Social systems, i.e. groups of people, have their own attributes and values. Those don’t necessarily have to be the same of the individual member of the group. Think of a group of screaming teenagers in front of the concert hall where they are about to see their idol. You usually don’t see the member of that group walking down the road, screaming like mad. Nevertheless, once they gather in a group and all have the same goal of seeing their icon, they act differently. Understanding this group behavior is described in the concept of social empathy.
Overall, empathy means to understand that there’s more than your own reality and perception. One requirement for observing the reality of your environment is to recognize yourself. Your senses – sight, touch, taste, smell, and sound — help you with that. They tell you where you end and your environment starts and draw a clear line between. Usually, you’re pretty good at telling where “you” begin and “the outside” ends. You also have some understanding of how your body works and what it wants to tell you when you can’t keep your eyes open late at night. Most people have an image of themselves inside their head that includes their appearance as well as their feelings. This image helps us to put ourselves in context with our environment. For example, if you‘re in a conversation with another person, you usually know pretty well if it‘s you who’s currently talking or if it‘s your counterpart. This works although your ears do the very same thing in both cases: they just detect sound.
Another aspect of empathy is that it not only enables you to interpret current events, but you can even tell the future, to some extent. By analyzing the body language, way of speaking and actions of a person, you can make predictions about their goals and motives. At the same time, you can adjust your own reactions accordingly. Fancy an example? Think of your local supermarket. You need some information. You will probably walk up to one of the shop assistants and at some point stand in front of them. An attentive employee will make eye-contact even before you reach them. Another one, being just about to start their lunch break, may take their heels as soon as possible. Both “read” your actions and body language, come to their conclusion about your aims and react to it.
Empathy is beneficial in different situations.
Empathy improves your communication. If you understand your conversational partner and whatever they are thinking, feeling or saying, you can respond in a suitable way. You bring both parties on the same level and may even be able to predict the goal of the conversation. Thus, you can either work towards that goal yourself or you can turn the discussion in another direction. You also detect impending friction quicker than if you only stubbornly listened to the spoken word. You find the right words, talk on a level playing field and “come for them”.
Empathy supports customer-focused work. If your goal is to have a customer-oriented company, this won‘t happen if you don’t understand your customers. You need to be able to interpret their motives, emotions, and thoughts because a good amount of information is only transmitted between the lines. Especially in that field, you can earn a lot of bonus points by making your customers feel human instead of being a random number or a set of anonymous classification figures.
Interdisciplinary teams benefit from empathy. If different departments come together in one team, they often bring their own set of rules, technical terms, opinions, and approaches. When the team members can understand the other individuals on their team and can interpret their behavior and statements, collaboration is considerably simplified. Misunderstandings can be solved more quickly or can even be avoided at all and unfamiliar work routines don‘t slow down all of.
You can set clearer boundaries. Wait, haven‘t we been talking about how one should engage with their environment and feel somebody else’s feelings? On the one hand: Yes. But if you’re clear on when you adopt emotions and motives of your environment as your own, you automatically also create a border to yourself. You don’t encapsulate yourself but rather protect yourself against too much empathy that otherwise could hurt you and wear you down. Empathic people often have a hard time saying “no”, be it in the personal or job-related area. They pity others or are afraid to hurt somebody’s feelings. Thereby, they can harm themselves. If they are aware of that fact, they can purposefully go against it.
To a certain degree, empathy seems to be innate behavior. Think of it like any other talent: while one person is a natural singer, another one learns one foreign language after the other. Yet another may be born with the ability to put themselves into other people’s feelings.
The good news is: even if you’re no natural, you can learn empathy. As with other skills, it will be easiest if you have been raised in an environment that supports this special ability. An environment that fosters a culture of sympathy and self-reflection. But also as an adult, it’s not too late to give empathy a go.
Be aware that empathy isn’t a one-off effort that you’ll then master for life. Compare it to learning a foreign language. The keys are regular revision and practice. A theory is a foundation, but practice makes the difference. You should concentrate on the following topics.
In the previous paragraph, I have compared learning empathy to learning a language. This doesn’t only go for practicing, but also for the time that you need to invest. You won’t become a master of empathy overnight. You may be able to memorize theoretical basics. But just as you would learn a language, you won’t make it very far without the vocabulary. Take your time to learn the vocabulary of empathy, to practice the different actions that are described in the following paragraphs.
The same also goes for having conversations: Take your time listening. Don’t only give your conversational partner time to talk, but to FINISH talking. Don’t interrupt. It’s simply rude and not empathic at all. Especially if you have conversations in a professional area, don’t put your foot in it.
Concentrate on the discussion. Don’t check your emails or Facebook, don‘t do other work and don‘t get distracted by outside influences. Stay focused on the conversation that you’re having. Once it is finished, you can spend your time on other things.
This goes without saying. Still, it’s important. Don’t interrupt your conversational partner. You may miss an important or fascinating line of thought that could have been helpful.
One goal of communication should be to check whether you have understood everything correctly. The easiest method? Pose this question. This doesn’t only go for the factual level, but also for emotions and objectives that you feel you have noticed. A simple question like “Am I right with…” or “Is it possible that you are sad/delighted/upset” doesn‘t take much time but can deliver valuable information.
Paraphrase the comments of your counterpart. Summarize their most important statements. Don‘t wait until the end of the conversation, but dig deeper now and then, once you feel a chain of thought has come to its end. By doing so, you make sure that you understood everything correctly and that you got the core statements.
Don’t stop at level one.
Each statement works in different ways. Friedemann Schulz von Thun, a German psychologist, has invented the Four Sides Model of Communication. In it, he describes that each message has four different levels. The first is the factual information side. It carries the objective information which can be true or false. Second, there’s the appeal side. What do I want to achieve from my counterpart? The relationship side shows what the sender thinks of the receiver of the message. Finally, the self-revelation side gives implicit information about the sender, their intentions, motives and so on. Sounds complicated? Wait until you learn that there are not only four messages that the sender launches. There are also four different ears that the recipient uses to listen to the message. Does he receive the objective facts? Does he feel like he‘s called upon something? Does he perceive the message as a statement about the relationship between him and the sender? Or does it say something about the sender?
It doesn’t come as a huge surprise that sender and recipient aren‘t always on the same side. They talk at cross-purposes. If you want to listen actively, always keep those four sides in mind and check which messages are delivered between the lines. In this case, as well, paraphrasing and checking back can help prevent misunderstandings.
What’s being said is only a small part of communication. The sender of the message is just as important. Even without talking, we tell a lot about ourselves. You can utilize that fact. Watch out for your counterpart’s body language. What is their posture like? Are they standing tall and gesticulate with large movements or are their shoulders slumped and don’t they lift their head? Do they look you in the eyes while talking or do they avoid eye contact? If you want to learn more about body language, Samy Molcho is a great resource. He’s a pantomime that has been engaged in this topic for decades.
In addition to body language, the voice also tells a lot about the sender. Especially if you‘re communicating by phone, body language doesn’t help. In this case, pay special attention to WHAT the other party says, but also to HOW they say it. Is their voice trembling with fear, does it crack with rage or is it clear and solid because the person is relaxed? Do they sound angry, annoyed or friendly?
Over and above body language and voice, the appearance of a person tells a story. Are they dressed casually or is even the smallest detail in tune? Do they look plain or are they a dazzling personality? But beware: all these signs are only clues. Not everybody that is walking bent over is bowed down with grief. Maybe that person is in pain. We don‘t always laugh just because we’re happy, but also if we are really embarrassed. Somebody dressed in acid colors could be extremely insecure, trying to hide this with a striking facade. Be ready to mess up your opinion about your counterpart at any time once you learn that appearances are deceiving.
Your environment sends direct and indirect signals. You do the same. Your environment, in turn, reacts to your signals, so you’re well advised to get your own impact straight. Think of the doormen at a club. Usually, they don’t talk much but still tell a lot, just through their body language and their appearance. Their behavior commands respect. This makes perfect sense in front of a club. If you’re working as a sales rep or a shop assistant, you may want to choose a different appearance.
Observing yourself also helps with setting clear boundaries. Empathic individuals often have a hard time keeping their environment at bay. They can’t easily say “no” and also try to please everybody. By observing yourself, you also force the perception of yourself. You should check now and then how you feel, how you communicate, what your body language tells your environment. Are you annoyed, do you need a break? Or did you just have a great conversation that brought out the best in you? Make sure to also please yourself!
Empathy and prejudices don’t match. All of us simplify our environment, so we can process it more easily. For that, we press people into schemes, like it or not. This doesn’t even have to mean harm. We may offer a woman a seat because we think she’s pregnant, and we try to be nice. Are you sure of her condition? On the other hand, we often have prejudices against people who won’t fit into our schemes. This could be one of the reasons that you most likely haven’t yet seen a bank accountant who is covered in tattoos. If you have, I suppose it has been in their leisure time because they have to follow the dress code during work.
These schemes ease our environment. But they can also set us on the wrong track. That being said, observe your counterpart in an attentive, but also a neutral way. Always give them a chance to change your opinion about them.
These hints aren’t by far conclusive. They are a good start to become acquainted with empathy and give a first overview. If you want to dig deeper, make sure to also check out personality theories. There are lots of different approaches that provide schemes to divide the surrounding people into groups with matching character traits. Examples are 16 Personalities or The Big Five Personality Traits, just to name a few. Some theories are based on each other or focus on special groups of people. You’re right, we have just discussed not to force people into schemes. But it’s true that many individuals share one or more personality traits. Personality theories try to focus on those matching traits to help you assess your counterpart, at least on a basic level.
In the end, once again: knowing the theories is nice. But you will only really learn about empathy if you practice and practice and practice again.
Use this comprehensible guide on how to free up more time for your business by getting rid off your biggest obstacle: your customers. One guide fits all! | 2019-04-24T09:06:57 | https://simplixite.de/en/skills-customer-support-empathy/ |
0.99995 | How much is Bob Stoops Worth?
Bob Stoops Net Worth: Bob Stoops is an American college football head coach who has a net worth of $18 million. Bob Stoops was born September 9, 1960 in Youngstown, Ohio. He is best known as the head coach of the Oklahoma Sooners football team of the University of Oklahoma. During the 2000 season, he led the Sooners to an Orange Bowl victory and a national championship. Before he began his coaching stint at Oklahoma, Stoops held various coordinator and coach positions with Iowa, Kansas State and Florida. In 2000, Stoops led his team to three consecutive wins over ranked teams including Texas, Kansas State and Nebraska. During his college years at the University of Iowa, Stoops was a four-year starter, and one-time All-Big Ten selection at defensive back and one of the Big Ten's Most Valuable Players in 1982. He went on to coach in Iowa (1983-87), Kent State (1988-90), Florida (1996-98) before settling in with the Oklahoma Sooners in 1999. Stoops was awarded the 2000 Paul "Bear" Bryant Award and the 2000 and 2003 Walter Camp Coach of the Year. Younger brother Mike Stoops is the defensive coordinator for the University of Oklahoma and was previously head coach for the University of Arizona. Another brother (the youngest), Mark Stoops, recently became the head coach at the University of Kentucky. Older brother Ron Jr., is an assistant coach at Youngstown State University in Youngstown, Ohio. | 2019-04-26T08:25:33 | https://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-athletes/richest-coaches/bob-stoops-net-worth/ |
0.999619 | 5. Step 2: Market Needs Analysis Does this product meet a clear market demand or solve a problem? • Assuming all things are still positive, the next step is to investigate a marketing concept for the product. This step is called the Market Needs Analysis. The questions are straightforward and simple: who will buy the product, how many will they buy, and how much will they pay? Discovering this information is not as simple as asking the questions. At this level of analysis, the information comes primarily from secondary sources such as trade journals, periodicals, existing market studies and electronic data. The permissible margin for error at this level is large. This activity is designed more to qualify the market opportunity than quantify it at this point in the process. The purpose here is to develop a level of confidence about the marketability of the product. • Definition: The process of determining whether the concept demonstrates superior ability over current solutions to meet a market need. • Objective: The objective of a market needs assessment is to identify a potential market for the concept, estimate the market size and determine a preliminary value of the product. • Product: The product of this step is a short summary of information from trade journals, data bases, and interviews which follows the marketing section of a standard business plan format. • Marketing Activities: The marketing activities common to this step are those necessary to demonstrate that the product is unique and sustainable in a competitive marketplace. • During the conceptual phase the following activities must be completed: • • Identify three unique features or benefits of the product; • Identify the competition; • Establish customer requirements for the product; • Identify potential market barriers; • Identify market distribution channels; • Identify product pricing criteria • Milestones: Background research materials • Funding Sources: Personal finances, Family and friends • Marketing Information: Completion of the conceptual marketing step will usually result in a rationale of why the product will receive a positive market response, gross estimates of the market and its segmentation, a simple explanation of how the product will be marketed, and an estimated price for the product. • Key Questions : • Have you assessed the needs of the market? Do you know the product uniqueness? Do you know the product competition? Do you know the customer requirements? Have you identified the barriers to market entry? Have you identified distribution channels? Do you know the pricing criteria?
6. KEY QUESTIONS 1. Have you assessed the needs of the market? 2. Do you know the product uniqueness? 3. Do you know the product competition? 4. Do you know the customer requirements? 5. Have you identified distribution channels? 6. Do you know the pricing criteria? 7. Have you identified the barriers to market entry? | 2019-04-19T17:28:00 | https://pt.slideshare.net/stephenongch/tcm-step-2-market-needs-analysis-70535195 |
0.998706 | Method I is to be used for the determination of alcohol, unless otherwise specified in the individual monograph. It is suitable for examining most fluidextracts and tinctures, provided the capacity of the distilling flask is sufficient (commonly two to four times the volume of the liquid to be heated) and the rate of distillation is such that clear distillates are produced. Cloudy distillates may be clarified by agitation with talc, or with calcium carbonate, and filtered, after which the temperature of the filtrate is adjusted and the alcohol content determined from the specific gravity. During all manipulations, take precautions to minimize the loss of alcohol by evaporation.
Treat liquids that froth to a troublesome extent during distillation by rendering them strongly acidic with phosphoric, sulfuric, or tannic acid, or treat with a slight excess of calcium chloride solution or with a small amount of paraffin or silicone oil before starting the distillation.
Prevent bumping during distillation by adding porous chips of insoluble material such as silicon carbide, or beads.
For Liquids Presumed to Contain 30% of Alcohol or Less By means of a pipet, transfer to a suitable distilling apparatus not less than 25 mL of the liquid in which the alcohol is to be determined, and note the temperature at which the volume was measured. Add an equal volume of water, distill, and collect a volume of distillate about 2 mL less than the volume taken of the original test liquid, adjust to the temperature at which the original test liquid was measured, add sufficient water to measure exactly the original volume of the test liquid, and mix. The distillate is clear or not more than slightly cloudy, and does not contain more than traces of volatile substances other than alcohol and water. Determine the specific gravity of the liquid at 25 , as directed under Specific Gravity 841 , using this result to ascertain the percentage, by volume, of C2H5OH contained in the liquid examined by reference to the Alcoholometric Table in the section Reference Tables.
For Liquids Presumed to Contain More Than 30% of Alcohol Proceed as directed in the foregoing paragraph, except to do the following: dilute the specimen with about twice its volume of water, collect a volume of distillate about 2 mL less than twice the volume of the original test liquid, bring to the temperature at which the original liquid was measured, add sufficient water to measure exactly twice the original volume of the test liquid, mix, and determine its specific gravity. The proportion of C2H5OH, by volume, in this distillate, as ascertained from its specific gravity, equals one-half that in the liquid examined.
volatile acids and bases Render preparations containing volatile bases slightly acidic with diluted sulfuric acid before distilling. If volatile acids are present, render the preparation slightly alkaline with sodium hydroxide TS.
glycerin To liquids that contain glycerin add sufficient water so that the residue, after distillation, contains not less than 50% of water.
iodine Treat all solutions containing free iodine with powdered zinc before the distillation, or decolorize with just sufficient sodium thiosulfate solution (1 in 10), followed by a few drops of sodium hydroxide TS.
For Liquids Presumed to Contain 50% of Alcohol or Less Mix 25 mL of the specimen under examination, accurately measured, with about an equal volume of water in a separator. Saturate this mixture with sodium chloride, then add 25 mL of solvent hexane, and shake the mixture to extract the interfering volatile ingredients. Draw off the separated, lower layer into a second separator, and repeat the extraction twice with two further 25-mL portions of solvent hexane. Extract the combined solvent hexane solutions with three 10-mL portions of a saturated solution of sodium chloride. Combine the saline solutions, and distill in the usual manner, collecting a volume of distillate having a simple ratio to the volume of the original specimen.
In preparing Collodion or Flexible Collodion for distillation, use water in place of the saturated solution of sodium chloride directed above.
If volatile oils are present in small proportions only, and a cloudy distillate is obtained, the solvent hexane treatment not having been employed, the distillate may be clarified and rendered suitable for the specific gravity determination by shaking it with about one-fifth its volume of solvent hexane, or by filtering it through a thin layer of talc.
Use Method IIa when Method II is specified in the individual monograph. For a discussion of the principles upon which it is based, see Gas Chromatography under Chromatography 621 .
USP Reference Standards USP Alcohol DeterminationAcetonitrile RS. USP Alcohol DeterminationAlcohol RS.
Apparatus Under typical conditions, use a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame-ionization detector and a 4-mm × 1.8-m glass column packed with 100- to 120-mesh chromatographic column packing support S3, using nitrogen or helium as the carrier. Prior to use, condition the column overnight at 235 with a slow flow of carrier gas. The column temperature is maintained at 120 , and the injection port and detector temperatures are maintained at 210 . Adjust the carrier flow and temperature so that acetonitrile, the internal standard, elutes in 5 to 10 minutes.
Test Stock Preparation Dilute the specimen under examination stepwise with water to obtain a solution containing approximately 2% (v/v) of alcohol.
Test Preparation Pipet 5 mL each of the Test Stock Preparation and the USP Alcohol DeterminationAcetonitrile RS [noteAlternatively, a 2% aqueous solution of acetonitrile of suitable quality may be used as the internal standard solution] into a 50-mL volumetric flask, dilute with water to volume, and mix.
Standard Preparation Pipet 5 mL each of the USP Alcohol DeterminationAlcohol RS and the USP Alcohol DeterminationAcetonitrile RS [noteAlternatively, a 2% aqueous solution of acetonitrile of suitable quality may be used as the internal standard solution] into a 50-mL volumetric flask, dilute with water to volume, and mix.
in which C is the labeled concentration of USP Alcohol DeterminationAlcohol RS; D is the dilution factor (the ratio of the volume of the Test Stock Preparation to the volume of the specimen taken); and RU and RS are the peak response ratios obtained from the Test Preparation and the Standard Preparation, respectively.
System Suitability Test In a suitable chromatogram, the resolution factor, R, is not less than 2; the tailing factor of the alcohol peak is not greater than 2.0; and six replicate injections of the Standard Preparation show a relative standard deviation of not more than 2.0% in the ratio of the peak of alcohol to the peak of the internal standard.
Apparatus The gas chromatograph is equipped with a split injection port with a split ratio of 5:1, a flame-ionization detector, and a 0.53-mm × 30-m capillary column coated with a 3.0-µm film of phase G43. Helium is used as the carrier gas at a linear velocity of 34.0 cm per second. The chromatograph is programmed to maintain the column temperature at 50 for 5 minutes, then to increase the temperature at a rate of 10 per minute to 200 , and maintain at this temperature for 4 minutes. The injection port temperature is maintained at 210 and the detector temperature at 280 .
Test Preparation Pipet 5 mL each of the Test Stock Preparation and the USP Alcohol DeterminationAcetonitrile RS [noteAlternatively, a 2% aqueous solution of acetonitrile of suitable quality may be used as the internal standard solution] into a 25-mL volumetric flask, dilute with water to volume, and mix.
Standard Preparation Pipet 5 mL each of the USP Alcohol DeterminationAlcohol RS and the USP Alcohol DeterminationAcetonitrile RS [noteAlternatively, a 2% aqueous solution of acetonitrile of suitable quality may be used as the internal standard solution] into a 25-mL volumetric flask, dilute with water to volume, and mix.
System Suitability Test In a suitable chromatogram, the resolution factor, R, between alcohol and the internal standard is not less than 4; the tailing factor of the alcohol peak is not greater than 2.0; and six replicate injections of the Standard Preparation show a relative standard deviation of not more than 4.0% in the ratio of the peak of alcohol to the peak of the internal standard. | 2019-04-25T19:56:09 | https://www.drugfuture.com/Pharmacopoeia/USP32/pub/data/v32270/usp32nf27s0_c611.html |
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