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0.997533 |
Best spray paint for wood furniture should you know to give you ideas to spray wood furniture with the best paint color, to make the furniture looks better. For a cheap and simple approach to spruce up old bits of furniture, restore them with a cover of best spray paint for wood furniture. Whether your piece is made of plastic, wicker, wood or cover, there is a splash paint for it.
1. Wash the bit of furniture with warm cleanser and water. Give it a chance to dry totally.
2. Sand wood furniture daintily before painting.
3. Stand 1 to 2 feet far from the bit of furniture.
4. Utilize wide clearing movements with the splash can, 12 to 24 inches far from the bit of furniture. Best spray paint for wood furniture excessively nearly will bring about trickles.
5. Apply the first layer, and let it dry completely before applying a second cover.
6. Seal wooden furniture with an agreeable splash polyurethane.
7. Wash and dry plastic furniture altogether before painting.
8. Select a spray paint that is particularly intended for plastic furniture.
9. Utilize wide clearing movements when painting plastic furniture while holding the can 12 to 24 inches from the piece to evade trickles.
10. Permit the paint to totally dry before applying the following layer.
11. Let plastic best spray paint for wood furniture sit overnight before utilizing it.
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0.945273 |
2007 temperature anomalies in March–May, with respect to a 1961–1990 base period.
The 2007 Asian heat wave affected the South Asian countries of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal, as well as Russia, Japan and the People's Republic of China. The heat wave ran during the months of May and June, which continued to September in Japan.
Heat-related deaths were reported from the capital New Delhi, northern Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. After three days of intense heat with temperatures hovering about 40 °C (104 °F), New Delhi was relieved as the temperature slid down to 37.2 °C (99.0 °F). Meanwhile, the temperature soared to more than 46 °C (115 °F) at several places in northern Madhya Pradesh, with Datia turning out to be the hottest at 48 °C (118 °F).
More than 120 peacocks died in Tughlakabad Fort and Surajkund due to the heat; additionally, reports of severe water shortages were common. A total of 400 peacocks died in Madhya Pradesh, about 200 of those being in Haryana and Punjab alone.
The cotton crop in Punjab was severely affected by the heat wave. Meanwhile, the persisting heat wave in various parts of Chandigarh rendered milk cattle dry. When the day temperature hovered around +48 °C (118 °F), milk supply to various milk plants of cooperative unions went down by 40,000 litres per day. In addition, milk collection by private-sector plants was reduced by 160,000 litres during the same period.
Coming at the end of May, a heat wave left at least 26 people dead. According to hospital sources most victims of the heat were rice farmers working in terraces exposed to the blazing sun for long periods. Nearly 200 people, including several children, were admitted to hospitals with symptoms of heat stroke. According to the meteorological office in Dhaka many northern towns showed day temperatures reaching over +40 °C (104 °F), which is not normal in the Bangladeshi summer. Additionally, there was a high level of humidity.
A heat wave affected the livelihood of a large number of poverty-stricken families who depend on day outdoor labour done outdoors, such as constructing roads, driving rickshaws, selling vegetables, making quilts and farming. According to the government's Department of Meteorology the temperature in Nepalganj got up as high as +44 °C (111 °F). It is estimated that at least 11 people died.
The heat wave over Pakistan was claimed to have brought the death toll there up to 192. The meteorological department registered a record maximum temperature of +52 °C (126 °F) in Sibi. Four people died as the temperature in Lahore touched +48 °C (118 °F) on 9 June, which was a record for the previous 78 years.
The heat waves hit Russia at the end of May. The temperature in Moscow reached +32.9 °C (91.2 °F) on 27 May. The Russian capital had not seen such a sustained heat wave for 128 years. On 28 May an absolute temperature record for May was set, breaking the record of +31.8 °C (89.2 °F) that had been registered back in 1891. The heat also affected agriculture, wiping out about 5,000 km² of spring sown fields.
Animals at Moscow Zoo found it hard to keep cool. Staff had to prevent walruses from bathing in their pool because the water was too warm for them.
Beijing opened up its warren of old air raid shelters to help people escape from the heat. The heat also set off explosives at a chemical plant in Shanxi. The explosions injured hundreds of people nearby.
Most of Japanese cities are highest level of an average temperature, since May to September. According to Meteorological Agency of Japan confirm report, the highest temperature recorded on Celsius 40.9 degrees hitting in Kumagaya, Saitama and Tajimi, Gifu, Celsius 40.3 degrees hitting in Koshigaya, Saitama, on 16 August. And above Celsius 29 degrees of average temperature points are Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka, Takamatsu, Shikoku. In September, major Japanese cities are recorded to high temperature of Celsius 32 to 37 degrees levels, with highest level of an average temperature in September, since 1868. According to Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in Japan confirm report, resulting to 923 people death of hyperthermia by heat wave in around Japan, and worst heat stroke disaster of Japanese and North Esat Asia's history.
^ "Some respite from heat". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 13 June 2007. Retrieved 13 June 2007.
^ "Sweltering Heat in Madhya Pradesh Claims Fifteen Lives". Indian Health News. 13 June 2007. Retrieved 13 June 2007.
^ a b Jha, Ravi S (12 June 2007). "Extreme hot weather taking its toll on birds". Khaleej Times. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2007.
^ "India – Punjab cotton crop wilts in heat wave". Business Standard. 12 June 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2007.
^ a b Dhaliwal, Sarbjit (12 June 2007). "Heat wave dries up milk at source". The Tribune. India. Retrieved 13 June 2007.
^ a b c "Heat kills 26 in Bangladesh". News24.com. 3 June 2007. Retrieved 13 June 2007.
^ a b "Heat Wave Kills over 400 in South Asia". Pakistan Times. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2007.
^ a b "82 more die in Pakistan heat wave". 12 June 2007. Retrieved 13 June 2007.
^ "Highest temperature in 78 years..." Daily Times. 10 June 2007. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 15 June 2007.
^ a b Buranov, Ivan; Geroyeva, Anna & Kornysheva, Alyona (29 May 2007). "Moscow Swelters in Heat Wave". Kommersant.com. Retrieved 13 June 2007.
^ Halpin, Tony (31 May 2007). "Russians feel the heat as temperature hits new high". The Times. London. Retrieved 14 June 2007.
^ "China turns to shelters to beat the heat". IOL.co.za. 12 June 2007. Retrieved 13 June 2007.
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0.991919 |
Norman Osborn had his eyes on everyone when he was in charge, so it shouldn't be a surprise that eventually hostility broke out between he and James Rhodes (aka War Machine). Their personal war began when Osborn used his H.A.M.M.E.R. forces to storm a secret facility in Colorado that housed the repro bod (a cloned body) of Rhodes, he then took it into custody. War Machine was unaware that Osborn had stolen the body because he was focused on exposing criminals and warlords across the globe. Meanwhile, Osborn had charged his Dark Avenger Ares with the task of taking down Davis Harmon (Eaglestar CEO and war criminal) in the occupied nation of Aqiria. It was in Aqiria that Ares ran into War Machine and the God of War decided to intervene with Rhodes' mission. Eventually, Ares motive changed and he embraced Rhodes and his mission calling the War Machine 'his champion'. Osborn then decided to offer Rhodes and his team a deal, as long as they ended their crusade. The team was offered everything from testimony to action figures (no joke) and Rhodes was offered the repro bod that Osborn had recently stolen. War Machine declined Osborn's offer, his mission was not complete.
Osborn kept tabs on Rhodes and his team, and when the group landed in Arizona during their battle with sentient killing machine known as Ultimo, Osborn requested the help of the American Eagle (aka Jason Strongbow). As War Machine, Rhodes broke into Mackelroy Army Base and Osborn contacted the American Eagle and asked that he intervene. Strongbow declined Osborn's request (remember that Norman tried to kill Strongbow back when he was the Thunderbolts director), despite the fact that Strongbow didn't agree with Rhodes' tactics.
Eventually the situation in Arizona involving Ultimo escalated, and Norman decided it was time to intervene. War Machine and the Iron Patriot cooperated in neutralizing Ultimo, but there was a twist. In order to defeat Ultimo, they needed to convince the machine that life was worth saving so they had to fill the machine with positive memories. Problem was, there were only two people that could interface with Ultimo, the Iron Patriot and War Machine, and since Rhodes was the target of Ultimo's destruction he couldn't be used. So Norman had to step up and provide some positive memories...what did he chose? The birth of his son Harry, how nice! Ultimo was inspired by Norman and called off its war against life on Earth.
Norman took the credit publicly for defeating Ultimo (even having a parade for himself) and he also tried to take the Ultimo technology for his own personal use. Before Osborn could steal the tech, Rhodes distracted him so that Suzi Endo (Rhodes' teammate) could escape into space with the Ultimo. While Norman reaped the benefits for the defeat of Ultimo, Rhodes continued his mission and he aimed his sights on the Bainesville Ten, a group of nefarious politicians and captains of industry. Rhodes successfully exposed these criminals and they were all indicted on a variety of charges. To counter the negative publicity created by Rhodes, Osborn decided to place War Machine on trial for war crimes and crimes against humanity. The trial was to take place in The Hague.
Secretly, Endo released drops of Ultimo tech back into Earth and sent them after the Bainesville Ten, who Osborn was trying to free from custody. Before Rhodes can see trial, his team along with Osborn's Avenger Ares freed Rhodes from incarceration. Osborn cooks up a story for the public that Rhodes' villainous cyborg body was created by Tony Stark and that Osborn had found the 'real' body of Rhodes and absolved it of all charges. War Machine's team wirelessly transferred Rhodes brain/memories into the repro bod, which breaks containment after beating up Osborn. Rhodes using the Ultimo tech to fill the Bainesville Ten's brains with the horrid memories of their actions, driving them mad and he left Osborn with the unsatisfying feeling that Osborntech had failed. Rhodes than went off to enjoy his second shot at life.
Rhodes got his repro body and Osborn was outsmarted. The two didn't meet again while Osborn was in charge, but they'll certainly see each other again in the future. Chalk up another defeat for Norman.
Lots of them here, let's get started. We all know that Ronin was the major proponent of just killing Osborn once he got into power, he had his chance here but Rhodes stopped him...interesting.
Wonder Man kicking Norman while he was down...good thing Norman got him placed in jail after Wonder Man's involvement with the Lethal Legion.
Couple of Christian references from Osborn, he did this a lot throughout his tenure at the top.
Norman's fond memories from his past, the birth of his son Harry. Here's a cropped version of the panel. I wasn't quite convinced that Harry's birth should be such a positive memory for Norman, we all know that Emily died shortly thereafter and that her death was associated with Harry's birth. I would contend that Harry's birth would be a negative memory...however, stealing Peter Parker's newborn would be a positive memory.
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0.991639 |
What is the content of the internal dialogue you have with yourself? It’s important because what you say to yourself has a huge impact on what happens to you and what circumstances you draw into your life. Always keep at the top of your mind that you are the author of your own life, and you write the chapters with every thought you have and every word you say. The more respect, love and appreciation you have for yourself, the more successful you will be in every area of your life.
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0.94804 |
what exactly happens after telomerase is used?
I know that it is an enzyme that has a short molecule of RNA with a sequence that serves as a template for extending the 3′ end of the telomere. But I see that after the primer is removed from 5′ it is still shorter than the other strand 3′. this is what it says in teh book”After the primer is removed, the result is a longer telomere with a 3′ -end “overhang (LM).” So what this mean?
Telomerase is an enzyme that adds specific DNA sequence repeats (“TTAGGG” in all vertebrates) to the 3′ (“three prime”) end of DNA strands in the telomere regions, which are found at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. The telomeres contain condensed DNA material, giving stability to the chromosomes. The enzyme is a reverse transcriptase that carries its own RNA molecule, which is used as a template when it elongates telomeres, which are shortened after each replication cycle. Telomerase was discovered by Carol W. Greider in 1984.
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0.999914 |
How do I install firmware updates for my player?
The way you install a firmware update depends on the capabilities of your player, and in some cases, personal preference. The options available will be listed in the installation instructions for the firmware update.
If your player is connected to the Internet, select the Network Update option from the Setup menu to check for and install any available firmware updates.
If your computer is equipped with a DVD burner and compatible burning software, you can download an available firmware update and then burn your own firmware update disc following the instructions provided with it.
After downloading the firmware (ZIP file), extract it and copy all of the extracted files to a CD or DVD.
If you have a computer equipped with a USB port, you can download an available firmware update and then following the instructions provided with it, transfer the files onto your USB storage device and perform the update.
After downloading the firmware (ZIP file), extract it and copy all of the extracted files to the root directory of a USB flash drive.
NOTE:The root directory is the top-most directory in the hierarchy file system of a drive.
To verify whether the information in this solution is applicable to your model, check the specifications on the operating instruction supplied with the product.
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0.992605 |
One-sentence summary: In the summer of 1960, Bronx-native Ricky Davis confronts his father's involvement with the criminal underworld when he tries to earn enough money to pay of their family's debt.
Do I like the cover?: I do -- it was designed by the author's son and is quite evocative of the novel's mood, setting, and family focus.
First line: The day started uneventfully.
Am... I in swoons over discovering a new publisher?: YES -- especially because this is, I presume, a local press. 617 is the area code for Boston and I'm tickled by their name!
Buy, Borrow, or Avoid?: Borrow or buy if you like NYC as a character, strong family narratives, coming-of-age stories, and conflict over family and loyalty.
Review: This is a devastating novel of a place, and an era -- the Bronx, 1960s -- and a young man's coming-of-age among horrifying violence. Ricky Davis, facing his Bar Mitzvah, has a crush on a Catholic girl in his building. His father, a dress cutter and part-time bookie, owes money to a local mobster, and one mistake after another leads to the family spiraling into real danger.
Ricky wants, of course, to make things better. He loves -- and fears -- his passionate, beautiful parents, a striking couple meant for better things, perhaps, but caught by real life. He tries to figure out how to make enough money to pay off his family's debt to the mobster so his parents can be happy again. He's encouraged by his rabbi to meditate on what it is to become a man, but Ricky faces challenges most adults don't have to grapple with.
Goldstein's writing is brisk, evocative; I raced through this book -- cringing, at times, because of the violence featured or sexual experiences of young Ricky (neither of which are gratuitous, and feel appropriate to the story) -- because I wanted to know how the Davis' would survive. At the heart of this book is family, and despite their dysfunction, Goldstein made me love them.
I'm thrilled to offer a copy of The Bookie’s Son to one lucky reader! To enter, fill out this brief form. Open to US/Canadian readers, ends 10/5.
This really is a great cover and I do enjoy NYC as a character and who doesn't like a good coming of age story?
The cover is marvelous -- it just captures Ricky's parents -- the idea of them, at least -- and NYC is so present in this story. Both NYC and the Catskills. You totally should get this!
I read this one too, and was totally gripped by the story. It was a mature story for sure, but I was so involved with just what was going to happen with the family, and above all, I just wanted Ricky to be alright. You described it perfectly when you called it devastating! Excellent review today. Mine will be up this week as well.
I didn't expect to like this one as much as I did -- I'm not wild about the '60s nor stories featuring guys -- but in this case, Goldstein made me care! The ambiance and events were just so real, so striking -- I couldn't put this down. Can't wait to see your thoughts!
I'm fascinated with the criminal underworld for some odd reason so this sounds good to me.
Then you'll enjoy this -- because it isn't romantic at all -- horrifically real (enjoyably so! what does that say about me?!). Wonderfully done.
I don't think this is my thing at all, but I'm glad you liked it. As always I marvel at your ability to pick just the right words! There's something so fascinating about places becoming characters in and of themselves, but I doubt I know enough about New York to really appreciate that aspect. Also, since this is a small press, I suspect I would have trouble locating a copy of this to read from the library.
Christina -- you're so kind! Thank you for saying so. Definitely, this is the kind of book for a particular reader or mood -- and in this case, it worked for me even though on the surface I thought I'd be 'meh' on it.
I really enjoyed this book too Audra. I love stories like this and even more knowing it was based on truth.
It had the feel of an autobiographical novel, which I always enjoy!
I have heard lots of pretty good things about this book, even though the topic doesn't totally sound like something I would normally find interesting. But you've made it sound like something I should try!
Jenna -- I'm with you -- it's not the kind of book I'd pick up if browsing, but I'm glad I did read it -- it has the wonderful gut punch of a great coming-of-age novel.
I like this cover as well...and the book sounds just as gripping.
Yay for discovering a new (and local) publisher!!! What an unexpected treat!
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0.991222 |
Why is the number 23 important to Dr Who?
Possibly because it marks as the day that Doctor Who began or "The Day of the Doctor", so to speak, which was on November 23rd, 1963. Every November 23rd since then has marked as an anniversary to Doctor Who which sometimes released amazing specials involving multiple doctors plus Whovians (Fans) across the world can celebrate the show's birthday in so many creative ways.
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0.999998 |
How many animal species were used on the set of Evan Almighty?
45. Over 100. 10. 90.
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0.992748 |
to help people in Flores ?
It will take around one hour trip to get this beautiful island, with white sandy beach and colorful sea creatures. The trip itself is very impressive with beautiful view between two islands: Flores and Besar island. If you are lucky, the dolphin will swim alongside your boat bringing you to your paradisiacal destination.
On that island, you can just lay down on beach or snorkeling on the sea above the very diverse coral reef and colorful fishes. Most of tourist said that this place is one of the best spot in Flores.
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0.950652 |
Did Pakal's priests prophecize danger?
If you have read my article Sarcophagus' Hidden Secrets you already know about the prophetic meaning of the glyphs corresponding each one to a 3-yr period from 1952 to 2012. It is of concern though, the last glyph, ending in 2012, the discussion of this section because of the way how Pakal falls into the Underworld.
" During his fall from the Tree of the World, Pakal is seated upon the Monster of the Sun. The monster is aptly represented in its state of transition between life and death: a skeleton from the mouth down, with eyes that have the dilated pupils of living beings. The sun enters into this state of transition at dawn and at dusk. Here, however, the emblem of the Monster of the Sun contains the cimi or sign of death, emphasizing imagery representing the "death of the sun" or sunset, with the sun located on the horizon, ready to sink into the Underworld . . . and take the dead king with it."
On December 21, 2012, a rare celestial alignment will take place, aligning the galactic and solar planes. At this point, the winter solstice sun will conjunct the Milky Way, creating a “gate to the underworld, the Xibalba kingdom ” in the “dark rift” of the Milky Way. Compare also the last glyph of Pakal's Lid representing the culminating period 2009-2012 with the glyph of the Table of 96 Inscriptions. This glyph describes one of Xibalba's six houses of the underworld.
In the Mayan mythology, we have arrived after 26,000 years to the gate of the Underworld, a kingdom with nine levels where the dead spirits are ruled by the God of Death: Ah Puch. The lowest point of this world coincides with the dead Sun also. At this time, humanity will face a test when Earth succumbs to the human population exceeding its natural capacity to nurture humans. This is the point of no return and no hope as the Mayans calculated as well for population control and their habitat because every land has a population density and limited natural resources. Fortunately for them, they abandoned their cities and settled in other lands. For us, unfortunately we cannot escape Earth and settle in another planet yet. The competition in the future will be fierce and devastating in this New World: our long-awaited Xibalba characterized with greed, social predation and destruction. At the end of the dieback curve (the collapse), population will stabilize itself with a new environmental resistance. Can you calculate how many will die in the process as the Mayans did to protect their people?
In the interpretation of the 2012 glyph, we see four points that represent the four cardinal directions, for lightening, thunder, fire, sky, water, corn, darkness, daylight, earthquakes, stars, planets, the sun and the moon, etc. The barrier represents the dark rift that will be broken on December 21, 2012, and then we see a narrow passage for which Earth will enter between two natural symmetrical forces or dimensions to the Underworld: space and time.
John Major Jenkins goes beyond this idea, in a web-article entitled, "Thesis (From The Center of Mayan Time, c 19994," to argue that the primary event in the Popol Vuh is the encoding of a rare astronomical alignment that is caused by precession. This alignment will occur when the winter solstice sun (One Hunahpu First Father) conjuncts the crossing point of the ecliptic and the Milky Way (the Tree of Life, First Mother). Specifically, the crossing point is where the "dark rift"(the Road to Xibalba, the birth canal of First Mother) is located in the Milky Way. This rare alignment is to occur on December 21, 2012 A.D. according to the calculations of the Maya. This date is also the end-date of this great cycle of the Mayan Long Count calendar. Stated another way, a precession-caused rare alignment, in which the December solstice sun (specifically the December 21, 2012 A.D. winter solstice) will move into conjunction with the great bulge (the pregnant Xquic) of the Milky Way near Sagittarius, heralds the end on one World Age and the birth of the next.
"I think Mother Nature will teach us a lesson that we will never forget. It's too bad that the poorest people on Earth will be the group to die first."
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0.979448 |
Based on Frederick Knott's play and Alfred Hitchcock's DIAL M FOR MURDER. Emily's stockbroker husband, Steven, knows about her lover, David. In fact he also knows that David has a history of defrauding lonely but wealthy women. Steven is prepared to forget about David's affair with his wife if he will carry out one task for him. The task is to murder Emily.
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0.982596 |
Does the musical world need more recordings of Frederic Chopin's piano music? If your answer is "no", perhaps Cardiff-based Scottish pianist Kenneth Hamilton can persuade you otherwise.
He offers listeners a different way of listening to Chopin, based on his research of historical performances.
Even his ordering of the pieces is unusual. Every major work is prefaced by one prelude. These short pieces, originally conceived to precede longer pieces, can now be heard in context.
The nocturne-like Prelude In C Sharp Minor (Op. 45), often played as a standalone piece, is heard before the "Funeral March" Second Sonata In B Flat Minor (Op. 35).
These two keys are harmonically related, and the ear perceives the movements as almost seamless.
In the Funeral March proper, the inclusion of bass octaves makes it sound doubly harrowing. His later inclusion of the stormy Prelude In E Flat Minor (Op. 28 No. 14) is canny too, serving as a belated echo to the sonata's eerie finale, once described as "wind blowing over the graveyard".
Hamilton's view of the Third Sonata In B Minor (Op. 58) is short-winded by omitting the first movement repeat, the perfect antithesis of Lang Lang's intractable reading.
In the "Heroic" Polonaise In A Flat Major (Op. 53), he plays Ferruccio Busoni's amplifications in the galloping octave episode, creating an over-the-top and thunderous effect.
Finally, he performs Franz Liszt's own elaboration of Chopin's Polish song Moya Pieszczotka (Mes Joies or My Joys) as remembered by Liszt student Bernhard Stevenhagen on a piano roll.
This is Chopin heard through new ears indeed.
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0.972227 |
Have you made Apple Cider Pork Chops?
1. In a large seal-able plastic bag, combine the flour, half the pepper, and the salt.
2. One at a time add the pork chops and shake to coat.
3. Heat the oil in a large nonstick skillet. Saute the pork until lightly browned, one to two minutes on each side.
4. Reduce the heat and add the cider. Simmer, covered, until the pork is cooked through and tender, about 15 to 20 minutes.
5. Transfer the pork to a platter and keep warm.
6. Add the vinegar, apple slices, and lemon zest to the pan juices and bring to a boil.
7. Cook, stirring occasionally until slightly thickened, about 5 minutes.
8. Season with the remaining pepper and spoon the sauce and apple slices over the pork before serving.
This recipe contains potential food allergens and will effect people with Wheat, Lemon, Gluten, Sulfites, Pork, Fructose Malabsorption, Beef, Vinegar, Apple, Citric Acid allergies.
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0.982936 |
Why do brothers and sisters fight so much?
Parents all the around the world worry about sibling rivalry and have had to put up with countless temper tantrums thanks to it. However, some kids do go on to become the best of friends with their brother or sister, but that would be few and far in between. In the majority of cases, sibling rivalry begins even before the second child is born. It then just continues to grow as the kids grow and eventually they may even find themselves competing for everything. Most of the time they are actually fighting for attention.
It can really be frustrating for parents to watch while their kids continue to fight for everything from their spot at the dinner table to who gets to use the bathroom first. But luckily, sibling rivalry is not something that lasts into adulthood always. It is also something that can be avoided and at the very least, managed. But first, you need to know why sibling rivalry even happens.
Many different things could trigger sibling rivalry. A lot of the time kids experience jealousy or competition and this can quickly escalate to them getting rough on each other. Apart from this, there can also be other reasons as to why siblings are fighting.
Their needs are evolving. It is completely natural for the needs and anxieties within children to also affect the way that they interact with each other. For example, a toddler may be very protective around his or her toys and would react aggressively if the other sibling were to pick it up.
They have individual temperaments. Your children are very different to each other. They may have identical facial features but they may process feelings and behaviours very differently. Therefore it is also normal for them to be at loggerheads on anything at all.
Your attention should not divide them. When you give attention to your kids, try to always make it equal. It is not intentionally that you would devote extra time to a sick child, but the sibling would probably not see it that way. For them, that is competition and a reason cause a conflict between siblings.
Special needs and sick children. If you have a child that is differently abled, you may have no other choice but to spend more time with them as they genuinely need it. However, as draining as it may be for you, your other children might feel neglected or even jealous that this is happening.
Role models. The way that you and your partner have built the culture of problem solving in your home could contribute to why siblings fight. For example, if they always see the both of you arguing with each other, they may genuinely believe that that, is the way to solve problems.
What can you do when the fighting begins?
Knowing what to do and what to avoid can make the difference between a quickly resolved sibling fight and a long, drawn out and dramatic one.
Don’t get involved as much as possible. Always step in wherever there could be a chance of one of your children getting physically hurt. If you always step in, the children will rely on your intervention rather than learning to figure things out on their own.
If you have concerns about the language that your children are using on each other during a sibling fight, coach them impartially about how they can express themselves without the need for hurtful language. Even then make sure you tell them what you should and then allow them to rectify the issue within themselves.
What if you have to get involved to stop sisters and brothers fighting?
Separate them until they have calmed down. Sometimes, it is intelligent to let them compose themselves for a while before you do a rehash of the conflict. There is no point of talking to kids while their emotions are running high.
Remember that it takes two to fight. It doesn’t matter who did what. Therefore don’t put your time into asking who started the fight. It helps kids see that you are not attaching importance to one child.
Try to create an environment where the kids learn to negotiate and compromise. If they both want to play with the same toy at once, you can always get them toys that are big enough and shareable for both of them to play at once. But if you notice that even then, one child seems to be not letting the other use that toy, remove it from both of them so that nobody can have it.
Remember that as kids learn and grow they also begin to learn about things like the respectful way to behave towards another person, what they should and should not say, accept difference in opinions and understand that their perspective may not be the only one around, and this is a very important part of growing up as well as cognitive development.
While sibling rivalry may literally be sucking the life force out of you, understand that there are many ways to deal with it and that you can be educated about it too. Gaining education in nannying and caring for children can really help you take the sibling rivalry phase with better confidence. If you are in the profession of nannying, this can help you look after the children entrusted to you better.
Did you enjoy reading our blog? Let us know. You can also speak to our team directly on [email protected] for more information.
0 responses on "Why do brothers and sisters fight so much?"
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0.92717 |
The Bahamas known officially as the Commonwealth of The Bahamas is an archipelagic state within the Lucayan Archipelago, and consists of more than 700 islands, cays, and islets in the Atlantic Ocean, just east of southern Florida. The designation of “the Bahamas” can refer either to the country or the larger island chain that the Bahamas shares with the Turks and Caicos Islands. Nassau is the capital of The Bahamas on the island of New Providence.
The Bahamas became a British crown colony in 1718, when the British clamped down on piracy, and became an independent Commonwealth realm in 1973, retaining the British monarch. In 2018 Queen Elizabeth II is head of state.
The Bahamas is one of the richest countries in the Americas in terms of gross domestic product per capita (following the United States and Canada), with an economy based on tourism and finance.
Generally when traveling to The Bahamas, all U.S. citizens are required to present a valid U.S. passport and proof of anticipated departure from The Bahamas. Those traveling to The Bahamas on a cruise may use another Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) compliant document.
An archipelagic state is a designation used for certain island countries that consist of an archipelago. The designation is legally defined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
Fiji, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, the Bahamas, and the Philippines are the five original sovereign states that obtained approval in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea signed in Montego Bay, Jamaica on December 10, 1982 and qualified as archipelagic states.
The Bahamas is the site of the first landfall in the New World by Christopher Columbus in 1492. At that time, the islands were inhabited by the Lucayan, a branch of the Arawakan-speaking Taino people. Although the Spanish never colonized The Bahamas, they transported the native Lucayans to slavery in Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles. The islands were mostly deserted from 1513 until 1648, when English colonists from Bermuda settled on the island of Eleuthera.
The currents that compose the North Atlantic Gyre include the Gulf Stream in the west, the North Atlantic Current in the north, the Canary Current in the east, and the Atlantic North Equatorial Current in the south. This gyre is particularly important for the central role it plays in the thermohaline circulation, bringing salty water west from the Mediterranean Sea and then north to form the North Atlantic Deep Water. The North Atlantic Garbage Patch traps debris in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, including plastic marine pollution is located in the gyre.
Cuba is located south of The Bahamas. The Turks and Caicos Islands, the West Indies, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, the British Virgin Islands, the US Virgin Islands, Anguilla, and St Barthélemy are located southeast of The Bahamas. Due east of The Bahamas is the Atlantic Ocean and Africa.
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0.987227 |
The United States of America (USA), commonly referred to as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major territories and various possessions. The 48 contiguous states and Washington, D.C., are in central North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwestern part of North America and the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. At 3.8 million square miles (9.842 million km2) and with over 320 million people, the country is the world's third or fourth-largest by total area and the third most populous. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The geography and climate of the United States are also extremely diverse, and the country is home to a wide variety of wildlife.
The United States of America is a federal republic consisting of 50 states, a federal district (where the nation's seat of government–Washington, D.C.–is located), five major territories, and various possessions. The 48 contiguous states and Washington, D.C., are in central North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwestern part of North America (also bordering Canada) and the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea.
States are the primary subdivisions of the United States, and possess a number of powers and rights under the United States Constitution, such as regulating intrastate commerce, running elections, creating local governments, and ratifying constitutional amendments. Each state has its own constitution, grounded in republican principles, and government, consisting of three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. All states and their residents are represented in the federal Congress, a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Each state is represented by two Senators, while Representatives are distributed among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial census. Additionally, each state is entitled to select a number of electors to vote in the Electoral College, the body that elects the President of the United States, equal to the total of Representatives and Senators in Congress from that state.Article IV, Section 3, Clause 1 of the Constitution grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50. Each new state has been admitted on an equal footing with the existing states.
United States usually refers to the United States of America, a country in North America.
The Code of Laws of the United States of America (variously abbreviated to Code of Laws of the United States, United States Code, U.S. Code, or U.S.C.) is the official compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal statutes of the United States. It contains 52 titles, and a further two titles have been proposed. The main edition is published every six years by the Office of the Law Revision Counsel of the House of Representatives, and cumulative supplements are published annually. The official version of those laws not codified in the United States Code can be found in United States Statutes at Large.
The official text of an Act of Congress is that of the "enrolled bill" (traditionally printed on parchment) presented to the President for his signature or disapproval. Upon enactment of a law, the original bill is delivered to the Office of the Federal Register (OFR) within the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). After authorization from the OFR, copies are distributed as "slip laws" by the Government Printing Office (GPO). The Archivist assembles annual volumes of the enacted laws and publishes them as the United States Statutes at Large. By law, the text of the Statutes at Large is "legal evidence" of the laws enacted by Congress. Slip laws are also competent evidence.
The Enforcement Act of 1871 (17 Stat. 13), also known as the Civil Rights Act of 1871, Force Act of 1871, Ku Klux Klan Act, Third Enforcement Act, or Third Ku Klux Klan Act, is an Act of the United States Congress which empowered the President to suspend the writ of habeas corpus to combat the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) and other white supremacy organizations. The act was passed by the 42nd United States Congress and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on April 20, 1871. The act was the last of three Enforcement Acts passed by the United States Congress from 1870 to 1871 during the Reconstruction Era to combat attacks upon the suffrage rights of African Americans. The statute has been subject to only minor changes since then, but has been the subject of voluminous interpretation by courts.
This legislation was asked for by President Grant and passed within one month of the president's request for it to Congress. Grant's request was a result of the reports he was receiving of widespread racial threats in the Deep South, particularly in South Carolina. He felt that he needed to have his authority broadened before he could effectively intervene. After the act's passage, the president had the power for the first time to both suppress state disorders on his own initiative and to suspend the right of habeas corpus. Grant did not hesitate to use this authority on numerous occasions during his presidency, and as a result the first era KKK was completely dismantled and did not resurface in any meaningful way until the first part of the 20th century. Several of its provisions still exist today as codified statutes, but the most important still-existing provision is 42 U.S.C. § 1983: Civil action for deprivation of rights.
SS United States is a luxury passenger liner built in 1952 for United States Lines designed to capture the trans-Atlantic speed record.
Built at a cost of $79.4 million ($724 million in today's dollars) the ship is the largest ocean liner constructed entirely in the U.S. and the fastest ocean liner to cross the Atlantic in either direction. Even in her retirement, she retains the Blue Riband, the accolade given to the passenger liner crossing the Atlantic Ocean in regular service with the highest speed.
Her construction was subsidized by the U.S. government, since she was designed to allow conversion to a troopship should the need arise.United States operated uninterrupted in transatlantic passenger service until 1969. Since 1996 she has been docked at Pier 82 on the Delaware River in Philadelphia.
Inspired by the exemplary service of the British liners RMS Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth, which transported hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops to Europe during World War II, the U.S. government sponsored the construction of a large and fast merchant vessel that would be capable of transporting large numbers of soldiers. Designed by renowned American naval architect and marine engineer William Francis Gibbs (1886–1967), the liner's construction was a joint effort between the United States Navy and United States Lines. The U.S. government underwrote $50 million of the $78 million construction cost, with the ship's operators, United States Lines, contributing the remaining $28 million. In exchange, the ship was designed to be easily converted in times of war to a troopship with a capacity of 15,000 troops, or to a hospital ship .
United States is the first full length hard rock collaborative album between hard rock guitar virtuoso Paul Gilbert and singer Freddie Nelson. The collaboration has been described as a cross between Queen and Mr. Big.
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0.976901 |
Why does an eight year old boy abuse a cat?
I feel this is an awfully difficult question but we need to explore and discuss the subject because it is very important. These are my thoughts, a complete layperson, thinking aloud.
Elisa has reported on this subject and I have touched on it too. I am prompted to write about it because of a short story on the internet in which a person sitting in a car in a car park saw a boy in the car next to hers abuse a cat. The father had left the two in the car while he went to the shops. When he returned she confronted the man and he said nothing and drove off. This almost sounds commonplace and it almost is. But it is hugely important that this boy gets help quickly. His whole life is ahead of him and it looks like it is going to be messed up.
In my view, it is subject that is neither about the cat nor the boy but the parenting. It is a reflection of poor parenting that has run from generation to generation forever perpetuating the same problem. However, I realize that it is not necessarily solely about that. As I said, this is a frighteningly complex societal problem.
My gut feeling is that, in this instance, the boy's actions were an expression of anger and power born out of hopelessness and powerlessness, while lacking a true understanding of the consequences of his actions. In other words he had no empathy with the cat's pain that would have been a barrier to the abuse.
I also feel that a lot of parents are not aware of the impact that their actions have on their children; often a lifelong impact.
It may well be that the boy's father is stressed, angry and powerless in his world, if he is psychologically healthy. The father passes this anger on to the family members. The boy has no control over the inhospitable family environment that the father creates and becomes angry himself, in part because he has learned anger from his father and in part because he is mad at the world and the situation that he finds himself in. He wants to hit out, hit back, hurt his dad but he can't and he can't understand.
The boy has neither power nor control over his life because he is a child and children are vulnerable to the behavior of adults, their parents in particular. Down the chain of vulnerability is the family cat. The child vents his anger and the next in line and at the bottom of the family hierarchy is the cat.
I can understand why people become angry, it is a normal human condition particularly when life becomes stressful due to employment difficulties etc. But to vent that anger on a living creature is morally reprehensible. The eight year old boy abusing a cat may well damage himself psychologically in the process.
He has learned from his parents or peers that it is acceptable to abuse a cat. The fact that the father did nothing in response to finding out about the cat abuse will reinforce the child's unacceptable behavior. If the boy learned this from his peers it is up to the parents to re-educate. This father seems to have no interest in doing that.
If nothing is done to change the situation, the boy may well grow up to be like his father and the cycle of abuse continues. I feel this happens a lot.
The domestic cat and dog are particularly vulnerable. The cat is quite passive and the dog obedient.
I feel that what can stop this cycle of learned abusive behavior towards animals is the cultivation of an empathy for animals. The boy has to learn to feel what the cat feels. At least then he will be more likely to express his anger against an inanimate object.
The complex cycle of poor parenting, anger and a feeling of powerlessness is a much harder nut to crack as the answers lie not only in individual behavior but in the wider society.
My thoughts are probably over simplified. Other views/ideas are welcome.
The Declawing Disconnect - another example of abuse born out of a lack of understanding of our place in nature.
I agree animal abuse is a huge problem in society these days. Parents dont necessarily parent their children today either. Most children spend their days at day care or school and parents have no way to monitor their children. Not only that but their is no supervision of the children at all on the streets especially as they become older. I found that out last summer with some kids wanting to shoot my racoons with BB guns. They were asking the neighbor if it was Ok and I just happened to be sitting on my deck at the time. I freaked out!!! WE love sitting out at night watching them especially when the mommas bring their little babies. Its against the law. I think they should have animal abuse as part of the education process in the schools. But they dont and they never will. Most humans see animals as competition to our survival and have little if no feelings for them at all.
It's terrible to think how many animals are abused because the children of the family grow up seeing their parent kicking the dog or throwing the cat across the room etc.
Even when they become old enough to realise it's wrong, they probably think animals don't feel pain as they do. The parents are to blame of course, but some children of bad parents turn out well when they grow up and think for themselves and see how others treat their pets kindly.
Sadly some continue to abuse animals all their lives without even a pang of conscience.
I think it's like the connected and disconnected people you wrote about Michael, it's as if there are two species of humans.
We watched a documentary the other evening about how humans evolved, one sort died out but the other thrived and we are descended from them.
I wonder if we'd all descended from the other sort everyone living since them might have been good people with no evil in them ? Or did the other sort not all die out and some of us are their descendants ?
We will never know but there definately seems to me to be two sorts.
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0.959273 |
I've been having some heavier bleeding and increased period cramps. I'm 34 and don't know why, but my doctor sent me for a pelvic ultrasound. He just called me saying the ultrasound showed a big cyst on my ovary. He wants me to see a gynecologist about it.
So I have two questions: What does a cyst on the ovary mean? And does having a cyst imply I must have surgery?
Thanks for your questions. I can best explain about ovarian cysts by reviewing with you the structure of the ovary and the process of ovulation or egg release.
The ovary is composed of a woman's lifetime store of hundreds of thousands of eggs plus supporting tissue, an outer coat and blood vessels that enter the centre of the ovary. Each of a woman's eggs has its own layer of encircling cells, sort of like a skin-this estrogen-making coat of cells together with the egg forms what we call a follicle.
Follicles move from the middle of the ovary toward the outer edge as they mature-this process continues regularly from birth until more than a year after our last period. As follicles mature they make more estrogen, get bigger and develop a lake of fluid in the middle. This fluid filled sac is called a cyst.
A follicle that has grown and matured so that it is ready to ovulate and release its egg has grown to be about 18 mm or half an inch across. With ovulation, that fluid-filled cyst bursts open. The fluid, egg and sometimes some blood are spilled into the abdomen. That can give a one-sided sharp pelvic pain called "Mittelschmertz" (in German, meaning "middle-pain") because it usually occurs about the middle of the menstrual cycle.
However, every month from the time we are babies, some dozen or more follicles start to grow. Some of these even develop enough to form cysts, but usually only one or none matures enough to ovulate. These smaller follicles with their lakes of fluid are called follicle cysts. These cysts are commonly the size of a pea. They are gradually absorbed by the ovary and disappear. These follicle cysts are common, perfectly normal, and occur in our ovaries long before we have our first period, when we are pregnant or on The Pill, and even occasionally after menopause. As we mature before our first period, our ovaries become stimulated and get larger, cysts are common, and occasionally cysts grow large enough to cause the ovary to twist and lose its blood supply (1). These follicular cysts are normal, don't need surgery and should be easy to see on pelvic or vaginal ultrasound as thin-walled fluid-filled circles around outer edge of the ovary.
Other follicles grow, make lots of estrogen and may develop into cysts that can become as large as a soft ball. These large follicles would have ovulated except for some imbalance in the complex system that stimulates ovulation. These cysts may remain in the ovary longer than follicular cysts, continue to grow, and occasionally cause discomfort by pressing on the bowels or bladder. These are anovulatory cysts and arise because of not ovulating. These large cysts are also fairly common, eventually are absorbed by the ovary and don't need surgery.
In some women, however, the hypothalamus and the pituitary have stimulated the ovary's outer coat to get thicker than its normal few cell layers. This outer coat, (called theca externa), makes estrogen and androgens (hormones such as testosterone that are normally high in men). The higher local and whole body levels of estrogen and testosterone interfere with ovulation. Thus anovulation (not ovulating) becomes chronic and often the ovary is ringed with multiple larger and thicker walled cysts. These cysts can make both estrogens and androgens-they are called "functional cysts." The person who has chronic anovulation with increased unwanted face or body hair, and a history of absent or rare periods has what CeMCOR calls Anovulatory Androgen Excess. This is also commonly called Polycystic Ovary Syndrome or PCOS. Either name means that for inherited and other reasons your body is not ovulating regularly, and is making too much estrogen and too much androgen-these changes cause far apart periods, unwanted male pattern hair and are also associated with weight gain especially around the waist, with an increased risk for diabetes. (Note: if you have been diagnosed with PCOS, you may qualify for a new study CeMCOR is just starting).
Occasionally following ovulation a cyst will form. After release of the egg, the part of the follicle left in the ovary, called the corpus luteum, that is now making progesterone as well as estrogen, may close off and fill with fluid. That is called a corpus luteum cyst. It is also not a worry because it is perfectly normal. The corpus luteum cyst should look different on ultrasound than other cysts.
Now to answer your second question-what to do? I suspect that you were not ovulating which caused your heavier flow and increased cramps. You may have a large cyst because of that. If it is a functional or follicular cyst it will be absorbed over several months. From what you said, that large cyst is not causing any discomfort and is unlikely to be pressing on the bladder, bowel or ureter-therefore it does not need surgery. To reassure yourself and your doctor, I'd suggest a repeat ultrasound in three months.
However, and this is important-you need to make sure your ultrasound report shows nothing suspicious of cancer like a solid bit or some non-liquid stuff inside the cyst. Note, also, that the ultrasound can't reliably tell the difference between ovarian cancer and rare but non-cancerous causes of cysts (cysts that grow teeth and hair called dermoids, or cysts filled with gummy stuff called cystadenomas). Because ovarian cancer is a very serious problem and hard to detect early (2), these suspicious-looking cysts need to be removed immediately.
I want to reassure you about ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer is rare-only about 0.2% likelihood in our lifetimes. And most cysts are not cancer. Therefore even if the cyst on ultrasound looks suspicious, the likelihood of ovarian cancer is low. Also I want you to know that if you need to have surgery, and that one ovary with the cyst needs to be removed, your remaining ovary will do just fine. That's why we have two! One ovary is able to produce all the ovulations you need for your desired fertility and continued menstrual cycles until a usual age at menopause.
Merrill JA. The morphology of prepubertal ovary: relationship to the polycystic ovary syndrome. S.Med.J. 1963;56:225-31.
Fung MF, Bryson P, Johnston M, Chambers A. Screening postmenopausal women for ovarian cancer: a systematic review. J Obstet Gynaecol.Can 2004;26(8):717-28.
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0.999639 |
Recently, you've been pulled over and tested for driving under the influence (DUI). It's a stressful event, and you might wonder what you should do next.
It's crucial that you take good steps toward handling your situation in the right ways, and that includes hiring a lawyer to help you through the process and advocate for your benefit.
1. Gather all available information.
Information is key when it comes to moving through DUI procedures. After the event, begin writing down everything you can remember, from the tests the officers performed to the events that happened in the hours you were pulled over. If you have any receipts from that time, be sure to put them in a safe place. You will need a record of what happened, and the longer you wait to record information, the greater the chance that it will be forgotten or fogged by memory.
Additionally, be sure the police officers handling your case have your necessary contact information. This can be communicated to family members who may need to assist you in your release from jail.
2. Decide how you want to pursue your release from police custody.
In Toronto, drunk driving results in a jail stay, but you can be released through obtaining a bail bond or committing to appear at your hearing on a certain date. Your case will bring its own specifics, but you can consider which option will be best for you.
At this stage, a lawyer can also offer expertise in finding an affordable bail bond or in wading through the paperwork involved in a promise to appear.
DUI lawyers are experts in handling cases like yours, and hiring one will be the best decision you can make during your ordeal. According to the Canada Department of Justice, the majority of drunk driving accusations result in charges, which means that you are likely to need legal representation simply to understand the nuances and details of your case and the procedural laws it will involve.
A drinking and driving lawyer can help you learn how to best handle the court system, your hearings, and appearances, as well as fight for your license to remain valid.
4. Appear at your hearing and subsequent court dates.
This is crucial. It will work against you if you do not appear when told, and it exacerbates the entire process of closing your case. If you want to get back on the road soon, be sure you can appear in court when called.
In Toronto, drunk driving affects many residents. If you have been charged, hiring a lawyer is the most important step you can take in the process. Before you head to your court dates, consider hiring a DUI lawyer who can use their expertise to advocate for you and your driving privileges.
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0.999998 |
If you notice that your client is showing signs of limited ankle mobility or they mention ankle stiffness, how can you help them?
For general stiffness or difficulty moving through the ankles during exercises like squats and lunges, it may be beneficial to incorporate some foam rolling and ankle mobility and strength exercises like the ones above into their warm-up. You can also suggest an exercise or two for your client to do at home, since improving mobility takes consistent practice and time.
If your client doesn’t see much improvement, has significant restrictions or is experiencing pain, then they may benefit from massage or physical therapy. In these cases, be sure to refer your client to an appropriate medical professional. Remember that, as a fitness professional, hands-on manipulation, as well as pain diagnosis and treatment, are out of your scope of practice.
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0.998471 |
Downloaded and installed StrawberryPerl 5.10.0 from http://strawberryperl.com/download/strawberry-perl-5.10.0-final.exe. Tried to install the DBD::ODBC module from CPAN and it failed. It looks to me like the initial error is: In file included from ODBC.xs:1: ODBC.h:13:61: DBIXS.h: No such file or directory After that, there's a whole litany of errors produced which are probably the result of some dependancy/library not being installed. See the attached build log for the entire story.
> This is not as bug in Strawberry Perl, it is a bug in the Makefile.PL > for DBD::ODBC, not looking for the .h file in a typical location. > > Recommend you refile this bug under DBD::ODBC.
Sorry, haven't used RT much. How do I reassign this bug? Nothing in the web interface seems to allow this. Do I need to create a separate bug?
> > This is not as bug in Strawberry Perl, it is a bug in the Makefile.PL > > for DBD::ODBC, not looking for the .h file in a typical location. > > > > Recommend you refile this bug under DBD::ODBC.
> The DBI-specific path will of course not be included in the INCLUDE > paths, as it is only needed for this specific case. > > This is not as bug in Strawberry Perl, it is a bug in the Makefile.PL > for DBD::ODBC, not looking for the .h file in a typical location. > > Recommend you refile this bug under DBD::ODBC.
> I'm not so sure this is an DBD::ODBC issue. When I install Strawberry > perl and repeat the exercise I get a Makefile containing snippets like this: > > # MakeMaker 'CONFIGURE' Parameters: > # INC => q[ -IC:\strawberry\perl\site\lib\auto\DBI] > > INC = -IC:\strawberry\perl\site\lib\auto\DBI > > # --- MakeMaker const_cccmd section: > CCCMD = $(CC) -c $(PASTHRU_INC) $(INC) \ > $(CCFLAGS) $(OPTIMIZE) \ > $(PERLTYPE) $(MPOLLUTE) $(DEFINE_VERSION) \ > $(XS_DEFINE_VERSION) > > So the path to DBI files is defined and added to the Makefile. > Unfortunately I cannot take this any further at the moment because I > don't have nmake or a compiler on this windows machine. > > Please look at the Makefile that was generated for you and search it for > lines like those above - have you got them? and if so then why is the CC > command being run without the INC?
> > ok, I've not got egrep on this windows machine but I now have a compiler > and the build works fine. After "perl Makefile.PL MAKE=nmake" I have the > following INC references in my Makefile: > > # INC => q > # INC => q[ -IC:\strawberry\perl\site\lib\auto\DBI] > PERLMAINCC = $(CC) > PERL_INC = C:\strawberry\perl\lib\CORE > INC = -IC:\strawberry\perl\site\lib\auto\DBI > CONFIGDEP = $(PERL_ARCHLIB)$(DFSEP)Config.pm $(PERL_INC)$(DFSEP)config.h > PERL_ARCHIVE = $(PERL_INC)\libperl510.a > CCCMD = $(CC) -c $(PASTHRU_INC) $(INC) \ > gcc -E -c $(PASTHRU_INC) $(INC) \ > $(CCCMD) -S $(CCCDLFLAGS) "-I$(PERL_INC)" $(PASTHRU_DEFINE) $(DEFINE) $*.c > > Note, my INC clearly contains the path to DBI.
> BTW, I've replied here rather than in DBD::ODBC where a bug was raised > because the reported does not seem to reply.
> OK, so this is clearly the problem that for some reason, you've got INC > setup properly, but mine didn't. Any ideas as to how we can track this > down? I'm going to retry on another machine from scratch.
> > OK, so this is clearly the problem that for some reason, you've got INC > > setup properly, but mine didn't. Any ideas as to how we can track this > > down? I'm going to retry on another machine from scratch.
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0.759504 |
After Louis XVIII came to power in April 1814, everybody was wondering whether the metric system was to be kept. Immediately there was a great confusion about weighing and measuring in all France. However, the Department of the Interior demanded a quick decision from the king who signed it on 4 July. It said that "the metric system is going on following the same level it previously was".
The Institute for Metrology and Technology continued its activities. Indeed, in August 1821, the management unit began a general review of department standards, in December 1825, a royal order laid down the general regulations of the Institute for weights and measures ascertaining.
Nevertheless, everyboy was complaining about the weights and measures persistent inconsistency. A review was imperative.
The government established a bill which read: "the former weights and measures that governments wanted to abolish remain, after so many efforts, and are still used in a huge number of cities.
"It was thought in 1812 that it would be possible to give the deathblow to local measures by restoring the names the people was used to, by bringing metric units closer to the former ones and above all by removing decimal divisions.
"These expectations have disappointed and were bound to. Habits were made more persistent by caring about them and by making concessions that were not enough justified. The 1812 lawmaker had not sufficiently understood that it was not people's "needs" but their "habits" which had resisted the metric system adoption.
"It seems that the time has come for a salutary revocation of the concessions that were made in 1812. Nowadays, people are more educated. The metric system is widespread since it is still taught in school. Primary education is developping a lot and therefore it will help the metric system spread better among the population and the poor, as soon as it is constant and implemented again. Everything indicates that the new law will not demand anything impossible and will establish indefinitely the uniformity of weights and measures by making the metric system compulsory everywhere and for everyone and by forbidding the use of other systems."
The Parliament passed the bill, which became the 4 July 1837 Act. Here are some excerpts: "The 12 February 1812 decree which deals with weights and measures is and remains repealed. Nevertheless, the use of weighing and measuring instruments made in compliance with this decree will be allowed until 1 January 1840.
"From 1 January 1840 on, any weight or measure other than the weights and measures established by the 7 April 1795 and the 10 December 1799 Acts that are constituent of the decimal metric system, will be forbidden as said in the sentences of the Penal Code article 479".
The decimal metric system was eventually and absolutely established in France.
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0.999999 |
I saw the devil's digital dossier with my name and mug shot splashed across the screen. It was a highly organized computer file that ticked down a list of accusations with bullet points.
The first points were milder words I recognized. Silly accusations about drinking coffee or mannerisms or the use of words. I've seen these types of accusations come from people who launched via social media and email.
Another classification of accusations came from people close to me. These allegations were of a more serious nature but they were not public, not entirely. These false jabs were not released directly at me. They were whispered behind in closed doors and then spread from one person to another until a false perception of who I am was forged in the minds of compromised, jealous preachers who thrive in atmospheres of gossip.
Moving further down the bullet-pointed list were more serious false accusations. I did not see them, but I knew they were there. I don't know what they were. I know the enemy has vain imaginations and comes to kill, steal and destroy (see John 10:10).
The Holy Spirit shows us things to come (see John 16:13). In this encounter, I saw the enemy's strategy, in part. Now I know in part and I see in part (see 1 Cor. 13:9) and can respond accordingly. Accusations against me are nothing new, and false accusations are almost as old as the world itself. I am sure you can relate.
"Blessed (happy, to be envied, and spiritually prosperous—with life-joy and satisfaction in God's favor and salvation, regardless of your outward conditions) are you when people revile you and persecute you and say all kinds of evil things against you falsely on My account. Be glad and supremely joyful, for your reward in heaven is great (strong and intense), for in this same way people persecuted the prophets who were before you."
Slander is not pretty. It means "to defame someone; to harm their reputation; to disgrace; or to accuse." Slander is a tool of the accuser of the brethren (Rev. 12:10). Consider this: the word "slanderer" in 1 Timothy 3:11 is the same word used for "devil." When we slander someone, we are acting like devils. We are mirroring the character of Satan. We can't walk in the anointing God has for us and mirror the character of Satan at the same time. We just can't.
No one likes to be slandered. I don't enjoy it. It makes me sorrow for the one who's committing the sin. The Bible says, "Whoever privately slanders his neighbor, Him I will destroy" (Ps. 101:5, MEV). And Romans 1:30-32 suggests backbiters are worthy of death. Paul told us not to keep company with a believer who has "a foul tongue [railing, abusing, reviling, slandering]" (1 Cor. 5:11, AMP)—Scripture actually lists the slanderer among the sexually immoral, the covetous, idolaters, drunkards and extortioners. The point is, God hates slander.
With regard to my encounter, my first response is to pray against the slander manifesting. These bullet-pointed accusations were like bullets in the enemy's gun, some of which he fired. I feel confident the accusations I did not see were bullets the enemy has not yet released. So I bind the accusations, and I examine my heart to make sure I am walking circumspectly and worth of my calling so I can claim 1 Peter 3:17, " For [it is] better to suffer [unjustly] for doing right, if that should be God's will, than to suffer [justly] for doing wrong."
Next, I determine in my heart that if and when slander manifests, I won't be overcome with evil, but I will overcome evil with good (v. 21). I will rejoice when I am persecuted because I know that when I respond the right way, I am blessed. My first response is to pray for those who persecute me. And pray. And pray. And pray some more. It keeps my heart clean. And the God who gave me a heads-up in this encounter is the God of my vindication.
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0.719312 |
Originally known as the Seahawks, and boasting red and green colours, the Hervey Bay Australian Football Club was established in 1977, and won a Senior premiership in the Bundaberg Australian Football League, in their debut season beating the North Bundaberg Kangaroos by 28 points. The Hervey Bay Seahawks initially played home games at Dundowran Oval.
The Seahawks were then forced into a different League in 1978, due to a majority of the Bundaberg clubs stating that they would disaffiliate their League if Hervey Bay was to participate again that year! The QAFL intervened and allowed the Seahawks to join the Sunshine Coast and Gympie Australian Football League from 1978 until 1981. The long distance travel took its toll, however, Hervey Bay did make the finals in three of the four seasons at the Sunshine Coast.
In 1982, Hervey Bay was readmitted to the Bundaberg Australian Football League and this resulted in instant success with a determined Seahawks gaining Senior Premiership Flags in 1982 and 1983 beating South Bundaberg Magpies both years, and in 1984 over the West Bundaberg Bulldogs. .
The 1985 season brought about a change of image, with the adoption of the Bomber emblem and Essendon-style black and red playing uniforms, as the club transferred to the Wide Bay Australian Football League. The club also fielded a "Seconds" side in the A Grade competition known as Hervey Bay Hawks which got as far as the Preliminary Final in their only season. One thing that did not change was the club's habit of success, as evidenced by further senior premierships in 1985 over Cooloola Coast Dolphins, and 1986 against the Gympie Cats.
In 1987 the WBAFL and the BAFL merged to form the Bundaberg-Wide Bay Australian Football League. The Bombers contested a grand final in the new competition's first season but lost to West Bundaberg Bulldogs. By way of making amends they then proceeded to claim the next five flags in succession (1988, 1989, 1990 and 1991 over West Bundaberg Bulldogs in four successive seasons, and 1992 beating South Bundaberg Magpies). This resulted in a run of 11 straight Grand Finals, with 10 Senior Premierships, an achievement that few Senior clubs anywhere in Australia have managed, in any era.
Thanks to the generous donations from Vince Balogh, the club moved to the suburbs of Hervey Bay, forming the Norm McLean Oval in 1991 at Raward Road, Torquay, which is the home of the current Hervey Bay Bombers Club.
The Hervey Bay Bombers won two more Senior Flags in 1994 against South Bundaberg Magpies, and in 1996 against the most competitive Maryborough Bears side seen in this competition.
The Bombers won two more Senior Flags in 2000 and 2002, both against new team ATW Bundaberg Eagles, who had the edge over the Bombers in three successive seasons (1997-1999).
In 2003, Hervey Bay Bombers joined forces with the other BWBAFL clubs, along with 4 Sunshine Coast clubs, to play one season in a Metropolitan League, known as AFL Queensland, Bundaberg Wide Bay Hinterland Division 3. Hervey Bay were Premiers in this League also.
The Bombers won in 2004 in the revamped BWBAFL and again in 2005, to make it 4 Flags in 4 Seasons. All 4 were against ATW Bundaberg Eagles, as was their 2007 Senior Premiership.
In 2009 Bombers defeated Brothers Bulldogs in the Grand Final, which was the club's 20th Senior Premiership.
Hervey Bay Bombers went through the 2012 season undefeated, winning the Grand Final over ATW Bundaberg Eagles by 10 points.
The Hervey Bay Bombers won the 2013 Grand Final, once again beating ATW Bundaberg in the 13th Grand Final between the two clubs. This time the margin was a massive 79 points.
In 2014, ATW Bundaberg travelled to Hervey Bay for the Grand Final and defeated the Hervey Bay Bombers. It was only the third loss all year to the Bombers who were Minor Premiers.
2015 was the toughest year for the Bombers in many years, with every win being fought hard for. To their credit, they made it to the Preliminary Final but lost it, resulting in an all Bundy Grand Final.... only for the third time since 1986.
The Bombers played their 40th Season in 2016. Unfortunately, like 2015, the Bombers went down in the Preliminary Final, this time to cross town rivals Bay Power, who eventually went down to ATW Bundaberg in the Grand Final.
A much more promising season in2017 resulted in the Bombers falling short by just 8 points, to eventual Premiers, Maroochydore in the Preliminary Final.
The formation of the Fruitbats in the Queensland Masters in 2004 keeps several ex-Bombers in the game and their colours are an amalgamation of the Seahawks red and green and the Bombers red and black.
Bundaberg Australian Football League (BAFL) - 1977, 1982, 1983, 1984 (4 total).
Wide Bay Australian Football League (WBAFL) - 1985, 1986 (2 total).
AFL Bundaberg Wide Bay - 2000, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007 (5 total).
AFL Queensland - Bundaberg Wide Bay Hinterland Division 3 - 2003 (1 total).
AFL Wide Bay - 2009, 2012, 2013 (3 total).
GRAND TOTAL = 22 Senior Premierships from 29 Grand Finals.
40 Seasons (1977 to 2016).
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0.999985 |
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: One can learn a lot about another person from the books and the movies that the person likes. 参考范文： Spending a significant amount of time with someone is necessary to get to know their personalities and temperaments. Sometimes, people can also tell a person’s quality and determine his or her personality by analyzing their behaviors. When it comes to the question of whether one can learn about another person from the books or movies that the person likes, I personally am in favor of this statement based on the following reasons. First off, by judging from the books or movies or even TV programs that someone like we can tell a person’s interests and hobbies, consequently we can learn more about them. For example, My roommate back in college was really into auto magazines, TV shows and even movies featuring fancy sports cars. At first, I didn’t know him so well to know his hobbies and interests, however, I was sure at that time that he must have been a big fan of cars. Indeed, my judgment was right and he was a car freak, he likes all kinds of vehicles like sedan, SUV, recreational vehicles, etc. It is not an exaggeration to claim that he can tell not only the brand but also the version of a specific vehicle by just checking out the picture of the cockpit of the car. Ultimately, we can tell a person’s hobbies by the movies and books they like. Additionally, the genre of the books that someone reads says a lot about the person’s character and temperament. Actually, it is natural for someone to shape their characters just because the characters in the novels or movies have a dramatic impact on the person’s behavior and attitude, regardless of the types of the characters like fairy, alien or someone with superpower. For instance, girls who read a lot of romantic novels like Gone With the Wind might be very emotional and very committed to someone they love. For someone who read science fiction novels or watch movies featuring future events and exploration of outer space tend to be very creative and willing to take risks, to be more specific, they might be someone who friends can depend on when they got stuck in some sort of exploration. For someone who likes to read classics of all times like the works by Jane Austen or Ernest Hemingway, they tend to cherish the simplicities and trivialities in lives. In a nutshell, by judging from the genre of the book that someone reads, not only can we tell a lot about the person’s interests and hobbies but also the person's character and temperament.
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0.912247 |
I’ve been getting a lot of mileage out of the Roku Streaming Stick I bought a few months ago. It’s completely replaced my Xbox 360 for streaming purposes. Also, since the Roku‘s platform neutral (versus Amazon, Google, and Apple’s devices), it supports an extremely large number of streaming “channels.” Admittedly a lot of them are useless for me; there’s a ton of channels that are religious, non-English language, or just seem to be pirated/second-rate public domain material.
Netflix is my most heavily used streaming service. While Netflix’s movie selection can be hit and miss sometimes (especially on newer films), it does comes with a wide selection of TV shows. Netflix is also producing more of its own TV shows, which should help make it less reliant on the whims of Hollywood media conglomerates.
I paid for Amazon Prime mainly for the faster shipping speeds, after being disappointed with a few items’ delivery speed last Christmas. That said, the video side is fairly useful. While some of it duplicates what’s on Netflix, it does carry its own exclusives, such as Viacom’s material (read: Nickelodeon).
Vevo carries a selection of music videos, along with a few unique items, such as highlights from the Grammys. It’s the same music videos one finds on YouTube.
Disney Channel offers a handful of episodes of its newest shows on its Roku channel, as well as a few older episodes of classics such as “DuckTales.” However, a cable TV subscription’s required to use this channel.
Similar to the Disney Channel, um, channel, Disney XD’s channel carries some episodes of its current lineup of shows, such as “Star Wars: Rebels” and “Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H.” Again, a cable TV subscription’s required to use this channel.
PBS offers a large amount of material on its Roku channel, including new and older episodes of its various documentaries, news shows, and dramas. Since the channel has you enter your local PBS affiliate after installing, it also carries local material your local PBS station might have.
PBS offers a separate channel for its children’s programming. New and older episodes and clips of shows like “Sesame Street,” “Dinosaur Train,” “Wild Kratts,” “Arthur,” and more are offered.
Google has a channel on Roku for its Google Play video services. Movies and TV shows are available for purchase or rental, as well as access to your Google Play video library.
YouTube has a Roku channel, allowing access to the same YouTube material (playlists, etc.) as through a browser. However, it’s not as slick as other Roku channels (or a browser) to use, though usability might improve in time.
Besides Netflix, this is the other reason I purchased the Roku. The Plex channel isn’t free (it costs $5, though there’s a 30 day trial), but it ties into the Plex media server software on my Mac Mini nicely. Plex offers a slick interface displaying my computer’s videos with its DVD cover art and/or movie posters. It also shows information about the individual episodes or movies; the information’s pulled from online sources.
Hulu Plus: Hulu has a Roku channel as well. However, since it’s tied to the non-free Plus service, which I don’t have, I haven’t tried the channel out.
Watch ESPN: ESPN has a Roku channel that’s tied to a cable TV subscription. It offers the various ESPN cable channels, as well as the streaming-only ESPN3 service. ESPN3 carries stuff that didn’t make it to its TV counterparts, such as Canadian curling contests, some soccer matches, etc.
Roku Media Player: This channel’s Roku’s default DLNA software, as an alternative to the Plex channel. Like Plex, it can play any video streamed from my computer; however, its interface isn’t as slick as Plex’s.
Which Roku channels do you enjoy using?
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0.999991 |
2-litre plastic dish or basin.
Divide the children into teams of seven and line them up at a starting point with the bucket of water at the last person's feet. On your start signal, the last player in line fills his cold-drink bottle with water from the bucket, sticks his palm over the bottle opening, and turns it upside down and passes it upside down to the next player.
Each player must keep the bottle upside down and use only their palms to keep the water in. When the bottle reaches the first player, he runs and pours the water into the dish at the finish line. He then runs to the back of the line where he refills the bottle, and starts it down the line of kids again. The first team to fill their dish wins.
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0.999996 |
The convex hull of a set of three or more planar points is, when not all of them are on one line, the convex polygon with the smallest area that has all the points of the set on its boundary or in its inside. Your task is, given positions of the points of a set, to find how much shorter the perimeter of the convex hull can be made by excluding two points from the set.
The figures below correspond to the three cases given as Sample Input 1 to 3. Encircled points are excluded to make the shortest convex hull depicted as thick dashed lines.
Here, n is the number of points in the set satisfying 5 ≤ n ≤ 105. For each i, (xi, yi) gives the coordinates of the position of the i-th point in the set. xi and yi are integers between −106 and 106, inclusive. All the points in the set are distinct, that is, xj ≠ xk or yj ≠ yk holds when j ≠ k. It is guaranteed that no single line goes through n − 2 or more points in the set.
Output the difference of the perimeter of the convex hull of the original set and the shortest of the perimeters of the convex hulls of the subsets with two points excluded from the original set. The output should not have an error greater than 10−4.
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0.982602 |
I love tamales. Whenever I spot them on the menu at a Mexican restaurant, there is no question about what I will order. There is a certain satisfaction in peeling back the corn husk to reveal that dense masa dough surrounding a flavorful filling. Tamales are, in my opinion, a top comfort food.
Periodically, I make a batch of tamales in my own kitchen. Usually, they are filled with chicken braised in salsa verde; occasionally, a beef or lamb roast gets shredded and spiced up with some of my homemade enchilada sauce; sometimes, I even take the extra step of smoking a pork roast before tossing hunks with some green sauce. All fillings are delicious, and I love having tamales in my freezer for easy meals.
However, my tamale supply has been empty for awhile now, and time hasn't been on my side to set up that assembly line of corn husks, masa and filling. For times like these, I have a cheater (and very Midwestern) version of tamales in my hip pocket: Tamale Pie casserole.
Like the real deal, the protein filling for Tamale Pie is very adaptable to whatever is on hand. I have made this with the prescribed chicken (usually leftovers from a roasted bird), but also with roast pork and ground beef. Serving along side a tossed salad makes a complete meal. Tamale Pie, truthfully, lacks the authenticity of real tamales, but this casserole makes up for it with delicious, comforting flavor.
Tamale Pie is a Midwest twist on an authentic Mexican dish.
Preheat oven to 400 degrees. Combine muffin mix, sour cream, egg, corn kernels, half of the green chilies and butter.
Pour the corn mixture into a lightly greased skillet or an oven-safe pan. Bake 15 minutes, until golden.
While the corn mixture bakes, heat olive oil in a large pan. Add onion and cook until translucent. Add garlic and cook for approximately 1 minute more. Add taco seasoning, shredded chicken, the remaining half of the green chiles, and 1 can of the enchilada sauce. (Here, I sometimes add Ancho Chili Powder for more flavor.) Mix thoroughly.
red or green enchilada sauce?
I have only used red enchilada sauce, but I am sure that if you prefer green, it would still be delicious.
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0.939451 |
This oil refiner is expected to grow at a 40% annual rate over the next five years.
Listed are the top five holdings for this small cap fund in this article.
The top five holdings of this natural gas fund are: EOG Resources Inc (EOG, 7.90%); Anadarko Petroleum Corp (APC, 6.60%); Schlumberger Ltd (SLB, 6.49%); Occidental Petroleum Corp (OXY, 5.40%); and Devon Energy Corp (DVN, 5.06%).
Barclay’s has recently upgraded the shares of this REIT to ‘Overweight’.
Analysts are forecasting higher earnings for this medical device company, which has recently announced to acquisitions, boosting its product offerings.
Analysts expect this energy company to grow at more than 45% annually for the next five years, and 16 analysts have increased their earnings estimates for the company in the past 30 days.
This tech giant beat analysts’ estimates by $0.05 last quarter.
In the past couple of months, the shares of this tech giant have been upgraded to ‘Overweight’ by Barclays and to ‘Outperform’ by RBC Capital.
Seven analysts have increased their EPS forecasts for this infrastructure company in the past 30 days.
The shares of this medical device company were just upgraded by JP Morgan to ‘Overweight’, and eight analysts have increased their earnings estimates for the company in the past 30 days.
Six analysts have increased their earnings forecast for this energy company in the past 30 days.
This oil refiner beat analysts’ earnings estimates by $0.13 last quarter, and eight analysts have raised their earnings forecasts for the company in the past 30 days. The stock has a current dividend yield of 3.85%, paid quarterly.
Diversifying your portfolio doesn't just mean mixing up the sectors in which you invest, but also your investing strategies.
The top five holdings of this real estate fund are: Lennar Corp (LEN, 5.51%), Land Securities Group PLC (LSGOF.L, 5.49%), Weyerhaeuser Co (WY, 5.44%), Global Logistic Properties Ltd (GBTZF.SI, 5.25%) and Cheung Kong Property Holdings Ltd (CHKGF.HK, 5.14%).
Estimates are rising for this cyber security company, and the valuation remains attractive.
This Real Estate Investment Trust just announced a big merger. The shares have a current dividend yield of 6.48%, paid quarterly.
Here’s an update on the three exchange-traded funds, designed for a rising interest rate scenario.
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0.999988 |
Filipino Style Recipe: Chicken Corn Chili is another mouth-watering chicken dish consist of shredded chicken, corn, chili and cream. This can be served as filling in pita bread or with steamed rice.
1. In a pot, boil water with salt then add chicken and cook for 5 minutes or until tender.
2. Remove chicken and reserve the stock. Shred the chicken using fork. Set aside.
1.In a wok, heat oil then sauce garlic and onion.
3. Pour chicken stock, corn kernel, cilantro then simmer until reduced.
4. Pour cream, cheese, remaining chopped chili then simmer for a minute.
5. Adjust seasoning according to taste then continue cooking until almost thickened.
6. Remove from heat then serve with pita bread or steamed rice.
Filipino Style Recipe: The salted caramel sauce is very easy to prepare compared to the usual cupcake frosting. The salt balances the sweetness of the cupcakes and the pecan gives it a crunch. The cupcakes are also moist and creamy. I would say this is one of my favorite combination for a cupcake.
3.Combine the flour, baking soda, baking powder and salt. Alternate adding the sour cream and dry ingredients in 3 parts in to the butter mixture until just blended.Do not overmix. Fold in the egg whites to the batter until evenly combined.
1. In a pan over low heat, put the caramel sauce and continuously stir until it starts to rapidly bubble and thickens. Remove from heat and stir salt. Let it cool. Scoop about 1/2 teaspoon into the top of each cupcake then top with pecan.
Filipino Style Recipe: Red velvet cupcakes with Frosting is one of the most popular type of cupcake nowadays. This recipe has a nice dark red color and soft moist cupcakes topped with frosting.
4. Scoop and spread the frosting on top of cupcakes. Refrigerate before serving.
Filipino Style Recipe: Cream dory in sweet soy sauce is another simple and quick fish dish that consists of cream dory cooked in sweet soy sauce made of soy sauce, oyster sauce, cornstarch and sugar. This can be serve together with steamed rice.
1. In a pan, arrange fish and ginger then pour enough water. Bring to boil for 5 minutes. Drain and set aside.
1. In a sauce pan, heat oil then saute garlic and onion.
2. Pour soy sauce, oyster sauce, water and sugar then bring to boil.
3. Add fish then simmer for 5 minutes.
4. Add dissolved cornstarch then bring to boil while keep stirring.
5. Add ginger powder, chili flakes then adjust seasoning with salt and pepper.
6. Transfer to serving plate then sprinkle with spring onions. Serve hot!
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0.999336 |
How do I make SQL queries in JIRA?
I am new to developing in JIRA and do not know where to start on making SQL queries to the database in JIRA. I'm trying to query all Issues that have a particular custom field, and then see if each of those issues contains a number of different strings for those Issues that do have the custom field. Can anyone point me in the right direction?
Really, don't bother. The JIRA database is built for data storage, not reporting or querying.
As an example, take a simple custom field - the SQL for answering "What components are on ABC-123" involves joining at least six tables together. Or for "what colour are the issues in that project? (colour being a custom field)" - you're looking at 7 to 10 depending on the type of field.
The database is abstracted from the application and it's far better to ignore it and use the API to make queries, especially as the API provides access to JQL - that gives you a list of issues, and then you can run that through a display of some sort.
Add to this the fact that the Java API Policy for JIRA does not specify anything at all about the datamodel. We do not consider the database layout to be part of the API, and even bugfix releases could break anything that you did.
When you're talking about a tiny custom plugin whose original author is still with the company, this might be something you can live with, but such things tend to grow out of control and become fragile over time. Life is easier for all of us when you stick with what we formally support.
All issue data is indexed using Apache Lucene so a JQL search will be much faster than querying the database.
Yeah I've come across that a few places but still haven't been able to find a likely quite basic explanation of how to get started with SQL queries in JIRA, do you know of any tutorials or resources?
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0.999852 |
Of course you have. Maybe only for a little, maybe your entire life. But you’ve felt it. You know how deep that cold sensation of abandonment can penetrate into your bones. You know how it plays games with your mind—makes you see things that aren’t real and hear things that aren’t there. You know what it’s like to play games against the darkness and loneliness and lose every single time. And if you’ve moved past it—good for you—but with Filth’s debut full-length record, you’re going to feel it again. The same band that has consecutively revived many listener’s faith in the low’n’slow variety of dark and dismal deathcore, Filth are back with their first LP, and, for lack of a better term, it’s a doozy. More aggressive and intense than the band has ever been, and ever-evolving in their attempt to add new influences and sounds into their backbone of brutalizing downtempo deathcore, The Burden of Isolation sees Filth sonically exploring the true meaning of the word alone, and coming up with a definition that even Merriam-Webster would have a hard time topping.
This entire review could be accurately summarized with one sentence: Filth are back. If you stop reading here, that’s fine—I don’t blame you—but not only are they back, they’re back with a vengeance. “Seventh Seal” sets the tone for the sonic slab of rotting flesh that Filth deliver with every track on The Burden of Isolation, and with every smack of percussionist Kevin Daniels’ kick drum and every lethal groove that pours forth from Sean Britt’s booming bass, the band grow more and more oppressive. Together, Britt and Daniels provide the ground level to the towering goliath that is Filth; and where some cuts, like portions of “Hedonist” and “Deprivation” see the duo moving more quickly (relative to their snail’s pace sludgy norm), other songs—“Collapse II” and “Idle Hands”—are just utter aural abuse, with the duo taking their sweet time in crafting breakdowns that bash bone into fine dust. The duo work to give guitarists David Gantt and Zared Hardin the baseline they need to create some of the most crushing breakdowns downtempo deathcore has ever seen. (well, or heard). Now—true—the genre is monotonous in its very nature, but Hardin and Gantt absolutely obliterate that stereotype, adding eerie effects, occasional nu-metal influence and the not-uncommon groovy riff into the mix to keep The Burden of Isolation from becoming a burden of boredom. “Idle Hands” is an excellent example of this—as is the bone-chilling “Deprivation” and “Mirrors.” Together, the duo spend most of their time crafting immense breakdowns and insanely heavy dirges, but they aren’t without variety, further establishing Filth as a unique and worthwhile band in a genre that gets a (somewhat deserved) bad wrap.
Then, there’s frontman Dustin Mitchell. Mitchell has always been a tremendous voice—and hell, he’d have to be in order to do justice to Filth—but with each release he has improved, and on The Burden of Isolation, he has grown tenfold over Filth’s previous effort. Here, Mitchell is simply absurd, and if you didn’t get the memo from hearing the second single, “Hedonist,” then you need to get your ears checked. Just about every track on the Burden of Isolation sees Mitchell’s range expanding to new depths and screeching highs, where other choice cuts—“Deprivation” and “Hedonist” among them—see eerie vocal styles, including cleanly sung segments and verses muttered in an almost trance-like state. Mitchell is another wellspring of diversity for Filth, keeping the listener engaged and on board, refusing to succumb to the notion that all downtempo deathcore need be boring and lackluster, as anyone who hears Mitchell’s voice in destructive dialectic with Gantt’s guitar work and Britt’s bass will be hard pressed to call anything about it boring.
Filth live up to their name—enough said. However, they do more than that; they exceed it, casting previous notions of their abyssal heaviness to shame. The Burden of Isolation is back-breakingly heavy in all respects, while adding a little catchiness, bounce and eerie atmosphere into the mix, making it a testament to the band’s ingenuity and determination to deliver nothing but the most addictingly oppressive music one can imagine.
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0.99987 |
The primary purpose of technical nonfiction is to A. share personal stories. B. portray a person's life. C. teach people. D. entertain people.
The primary purpose of technical nonfiction is to teach people.
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0.994606 |
Neutrophil migration to an inflamed site constitutes the first line of the innate immune response against invading microorganisms. Given the crucial role of endogenous lectins in neutrophil mobilization and activation, lectins from exogenous sources have often been considered as putative modulators of leukocyte function. Lectins purified from snake venom have been described as galactoside ligands that induce erythrocyte agglutination and platelet aggregation. This study evaluated human neutrophil migration and activation by C-type lectin BJcuL purified from Bothrops jararacussu venom.
Utilizing fluorescence microscopy, we observed that biotinylated-BJcuL was evenly distributed on the neutrophil surface, selectively inhibited by D-galactose. Lectin was able to induce modification in the neutrophil morphology in a spherical shape for a polarized observed by optical microscopy and exposure to BJcuL in a Boyden chamber assay resulted in cell migration. After 30 minutes of incubation with BJcuL we found enhanced neutrophil functions, such as respiratory burst, zymozan phagocytosis and an increase in lissosomal volume. In addition, BJcuL delays late apoptosis neutrophils.
These results demonstrate that BJcuL can be implicated in a wide variety of immunological functions including first-line defense against pathogens, cell trafficking and induction of the innate immune response since lectin was capable of inducing potent neutrophil activation.
Neutrophils are key players in the innate immune response and their recruitment from the microvasculature to inflammation sites includes rolling, firm adhesion, and transmigration through the vessel wall . Neutrophil activation leads to directed migration with changes in cell morphology from rounded cells covered with microvilli to elongated ruffled cells [2, 3]. Neutrophils exert their bactericidal activity at the inflammatory site through recognition and phagocytosis of the infectious agent, generation of toxic oxygen derivatives, and release of microbicidal molecules from their specialized lysosomes and granules . This sequential process relies on neutrophil interaction with chemoattractants, cytokines and other inflammatory mediators .
Viperid and elapid snake venoms contain complex mixtures of pharmacologically active molecules, including enzymes and proteins without enzymatic activity, such as C-type lectins. Based on their structural and functional properties snake venom C-type lectins have been classified as true C-type lectins, which contain a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and bind to a specific sugar molecule, and the C-type lectin-like domain proteins (CTLDs) with CRD-related non-carbohydrate-binding domains that do not bind to a sugar moiety [6, 7], but act as factor IX/X-binding proteins and those interacting with platelet receptors .
Bothrops jararacussu venom lectin (BJcuL) is typically a C-type lectin with specificity to galactose units and is unable to promote human platelets aggregation or even disrupt aggregation induced by ADP or thrombin . In murine models it is capable of producing edema, increasing vascular permeability and directly inducing cellular infiltration in endothelial cells of post capillary venules, creating an adhesive surface for leukocyte rolling . All of these reports indicate that BJcuL may be involved in the inflammatory process and the activation of immune responses; however, these immunological properties and biological activities are still unclear. It is currently recognized that the role of neutrophils and macrophages is not restricted to phagocytosis and pathogen killing, but that these cells are essential for immunity and for building and modulating the innate response. In this study we analyzed the ability of BJcuL to induce neutrophil activation observed by cell polarization, migration, and adhesion, as well as increase in phagocytosis, generation of respiratory burst, increase of the lysosomes volume, and inhibition of spontaneous apoptosis.
In order to localize the BJcuL glycoligands on the human neutrophil membrane, binding of the biotinylated lectin to the neutrophil was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. Results showed that BJcuL was evenly bound on the cell surface (Figure. 1B). The interaction was completely blocked by previous incubation with the specific carbohydrate (Gal, Figure. 1C), similar to that observed in cells incubated only with PBS (Figure. 1A). Incubation with the non-specific carbohydrate (GlcNAc, Figure. 1D) did not prevent lectin binding on the cell surface.
BJcuL is evenly distributed on the surface of human neutrophils. Isolated human neutrophils (106 cells/ml) were adhered to coverslips coated with Biobond, fixed and then incubated for 45 min at RT with (A) PBS; (B) Biotinylated BJcuL (10 μg/ml); (C) Biotinylated BJcuL pre-incubated with Gal 2 mM. (D) Biotinylated BJcuL pre-incubated with GlcNAc 2 mM. Cells were examined by fluorescence microscopy after reaction with streptavidin-FITC.
Since neutrophils are polarized when exposed to chemoattractants, we analyzed the capacity of BJcuL to induce polarization of human neutrophils. Lectin induced 87% of the neutrophil polarization. The chemoattractant fMLP induced 70% of polarization, whereas only 18% of cells incubated with RPMI were polarized (Figure 2). BJcuL activity in inducing neutrophil polarization was reduced by 72% with Gal and was not affected by GlcNAc. These monosaccharides exerted no effect on the neutrophil polarization induced by fMLP (not shown).
BJcuL induces neutrophil polarization, an effect inhibited by specific sugars. Isolated human neutrophils (106 cells/ml) were incubated with BJcuL (2.5 ng/ml) for 45 min at 37°C. In some experiments lectin was previously incubated with Gal (2 mM) or GlcNAc (2 mM). fMLP (10-6 M) was used as positive controls and the RPMI was used as a negative control. Results are shown as MFI (mean ± SD from at least three independent experiments) and p < 0.05, Student's t-test.
The induction of neutrophil migration by BJcuL was demonstrated in vitro and was dependent on sugar recognition. The original response to BJcuL (1234 ± 1.23) decreased drastically (19.34 ± 0.55) when lectin was pre-incubated with the specific carbohydrate (Gal) and was similar to that found in the absence of the stimuli (12.56 ± 0.72). This inhibition was selective since no blockage (1025 ± 1.34) was observed when BJcuL was pre-incubated with a non-specific carbohydrate (GlcNAc) (Figure 3).
BJcuL was able to induce neutrophil migration. Neutrophil chemotaxis assays were carried out in 48-well Boyden microchambers. BJcuL (2.5 ng/ml), pretreated or not Gal or GlcNAc was placed in the lower chamber wells; RPMI was used as negative control. The wells of the upper chamber received isolated neutrophils (1 × 106 cells/well). The number of cells that migrated through the filter separating the two chambers was scored in each field. The figure is representative of the results of three different experiments and expressed as mean ± SD (p < 0.05, Student's t-test).
We previously determined that BJcuL binds to fibronectin and matrigel (data not shown) and subsequently evaluated whether or not this property was relevant for neutrophil adhesion. In vitro assay showed that human neutrophils spontaneously adhere to fibronectin and matrigel-coated surfaces (Figure 4). A significant increase in the adhesion was obtained when neutrophils were previously incubated with BJcuL, and was more expressive in fibronectin-coated surfaces (Figure 4).
BJcuL induces neutrophil adhesion to Matrigel and Fibronectin. Neutrophils (1 × 104 cells/ml) were incubated with BJcuL (2.5 ng/mL) and allowed to adhere to Matrigel or fibronectin for 4 h at 37°C. The number of adhered neutrophils was determined as described in Materials and Methods. Data shown represent means ± SD of 3 experiments performed on neutrophils from different donors (p < 0.05, Student's t-test).
Phagocytosis - Neutrophils were incubated with BJcuL (2.5 μg/ml) or with the positive controls PMA (1 μg/ml) and CXCL-8 (2 μg/ml) in the presence of zimosan associated with neutral red. Neutrophil phagocytosis was evaluated by subsequent measurement of absorbance. BJcuL increased neutrophil phagocytic activity, surpassing the results observed for CXCL-8 action, which has been described as a powerful inducer of phagocytosis (Figure 5A).
BJcuL stimulation enhances neutrophil functions. Following 30 min at 37°C of incubation with BJcuL (2.5 μg/ml), PMA (1 μg/ml), or CXCL-8 (2 μg/ml), neutrophil functions were evaluated. Control cells were incubated with PBS only. (A) Neutral red-stained zymozan was used as a target for the phagocytic activity of stimulated neutrophils. (B) Neutral red uptake was used to assess the volume of the neutrophil lysosomal system. (C) Superoxide production was determined by the reduction of NBT. The results are shown as mean ± SD and expressed as absorbance reading at the indicated wavelength. The values are representative of three different experiments. All stimuli provided responses that were statistically different (p < 0.05, Student's t-test) from the control.
Uptake of neutral red by human neutrophils - Neutral red is a vital stain that accumulates in neutrophils and monocyte lysosomes depending on the level of cell activation . Results show that stimulated cells present increased lysosomal volume when compared to non-stimulated cells (incubated with PBS only). BJcuL (2.5 μg/ml) increased lysosomal content in neutrophils (Figure 5B), complementing the observed phagocytic activity.
Superoxide production - The superoxide anion production was also evaluated in human neutrophils after incubation with BJcuL and positive controls (as described above), and negative control (PBS). The results demonstrated that BJcuL induced superoxide release as well as its positive controls (Figure 5C).
Human neutrophils, incubated with BJcuL for 12, 18 and 24 hours, were labelled with Annexin-V/PI. As illustrated in Figure 6A, BJcuL was able to inhibit neutrophil late apoptosis (represented by labelled cells in the lower right quadrant) or necrosis (labelled cells in the upper quadrants), enhancing the number of viable cells (lower left quadrant). The degree of cells in spontaneous late apoptosis was 7%, 24% and 40% after 12, 18 and 24 hours, respectively, versus 5%, 9% and 17%, after incubation with BJcuL (Figure 6B).
BJcuL effects on human neutrophil spontaneous apoptosis. Neutrophils were incubated for 12, 18 and 24 h at 37°C in the presence of BJcuL (2.5 ng/ml), labeled with Annexin-V/PI and analyzed by flow cytometry (A). Results are shown as means ± SD of the percentage of Annexin-V+/PI+ cells from three independent experiments (B). p < 0.05, Student's t-test.
Neutrophils are key cells in the innate immune system and can be activated by a variety of endogenous and exogenous substances. It has been shown that BJcuL promotes neutrophil recruitment in vivo, as it induces rolling and adherence of leukocytes acting directly on endothelial cells of post-capillary venules . We found that BJcuL interacted with glycoligands on the neutrophil surface and that D-galactose treatment strongly abrogated lectin-cell interaction as well as cell polarization and migration. Protein-carbohydrate interactions occur in a number of processes in leukocytes [14, 15] and are believed to serve as major signals for the release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, nitric oxide, leukotrienes, and platelet activator factor .
In vivo neutrophil migration in response to an inflammatory stimulus is a crucial event mediated by direct or indirect mechanisms. The latter involve cytokines and other chemoattractants released from mast cells, macrophages and endothelial cells, after antigen recognition [17–19]. The intraperitoneal injection of BJcuL caused significant neutrophil recruitment into the peritoneal cavity of mice (data not shown) and under in vitro conditions BJcuL induced significant cell chemotaxis, modulating neutrophil migration by a direct mechanism that is inhibited by a specific carbohydrate. Neutrophil recruitment requires adherence to the luminal surface of vascular endothelium and thus changes the spherical cell morphology to a morphologically polarized cell that is efficient in vector migration . Neutrophils stimulated by BJcuL respond promptly, presenting morphological changes that are typical of stimulated migrating cells. An intense increase in adhesion was also observed in wells coated with ECM proteins, particularly fibronectin, indicating that activation by lectin may promote the up-regulation of specific adhesion molecules, such as β-1 integrins, a family of membrane receptors devoted to cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix . Integrins, in particular, have a central role in the adhesion-dependent activation for adhesion, transmigration and respiratory burst, in a rapid and reversible manner.
The capacity to stimulate oxidative burst has been previously described for other lectins that, acting directly or in concert with other mediators, could trigger or modulate neutrophil activation [21, 22]. As a typical chemoattractant, BJcuL induced a rapid and expressive alteration of neutrophil ability in superoxide production and phagocytosis. We also observed that BJcuL inhibited late apoptosis in activated neutrophils until 24 hrs, but this effect seemed to be reversible once neutrophil apoptosis was gradually increased during the 24 hr period. BJcuL seemed to induce neutrophil activation and increase the life span of these cells, the time necessary for their biological function. Neutrophils undergoing apoptosis lose function and are subsequently recognized and engulfed by local macrophages, a process that is central to successful resolution of inflammation . A number of factors, including cytokines, chemical mediators, and bacterial products, such as LPS, have been shown to prolong functional lifespan of neutrophils by causing cellular activation [24, 25]. Stimulation of human neutrophils with TLR agonists results in CXCL-8 production, up-regulation of CD11b, down-regulation of L-selectin, delayed apoptosis, enhanced phagocytosis and enhanced FMLP-induced superoxide release [27, 28]. The lectin-glycoligand receptors on the neutrophil surface recognized by BJcuL are still unknown, but it is clear that this interaction induces several biological responses, thus suggesting that lectin may be a powerful pro-inflammatory molecule.
In summary, the present study showed that BJcuL can recognize glycoligands on the neutrophil surface, and can promote in vitro polarization, migration and adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins. Lectin also induced neutrophil functional activation observed by phagocytic uptake, superoxide production, and delay in cell apoptosis. The effects observed by BJcuL seem to be mediated by cell surface D-galactose moieties. Understanding the intracellular mechanisms that induce neutrophil migration and activation by BJcuL is crucial for future investigation of therapeutic strategies.
B. jararacussu lectin (BJcuL) was purified as described by Elifio-Esposito and col. (2007) . BJcuL biotinylation with sulfo-NHS-LC-biotin (Pierce) was performed according to the manufacturer's recommendations.
Heparinized human blood from healthy volunteers was layered on a density gradient using Monopoly resolving medium (ICN Pharmaceuticals, Costa Mesa, CA, USA) and centrifuged at 400 × g for 30 min. Resulting preparations were 98% pure, and more than 95% of the neutrophils were viable as measured by trypan blue.
Neutrophils (106 cells/ml) were placed on coverslips coated with Biobond (EM Science, Fort Washington, PA, USA), fixed with 2% formaldehyde at room temperature (RT) for 20 min and incubated with biotinylated BJcuL (10 μg/ml) at 37°C for 1 hr. After washing in PBS, the cells were incubated with streptavidin-FITC (GibcoBRL) for 30 min. Cell was mounted in histological slides with Fluormount-G. In some experiments, the lectin was pre-incubated with 2 mM D-galactose (Gal) or N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc).
Human neutrophils were plated at 106 cells/ml and were incubated with BJcuL (2.5 μg/ml), fMLP (10-6 M/well) or RPMI alone for 45 min at 37°C. In some experiments, before contact with neutrophils, the attractants were incubated for 45 min at RT with Gal or GlcNAc (2 mM). The proportion of neutrophil polarization was determined by a polarized and non-polarized cell count in a Neubauer chamber.
Neutrophil migration was evaluated in a 48-well Boyden microchamber (Neuroprobe, USA) by which the top and bottom wells were separated with PVP-free polycarbonate filters (5-μm pore size, Nucleopore, USA). For chemotaxis induction BJcuL (2.5 μg/well), pre-incubated or not with Gal or GlcNAc (2 mM), or RPMI alone was added to the bottom wells, whereas the neutrophil suspension (1x106 cells/ml) was placed in the top wells. Following an incubation time of 40 min, at 37°C and 5% CO2, the cells were stained with HEMA 3 and the number of cells migrating through polycarbonate filters was counted in five fields for each condition, assayed in triplicate.
The adhesion assays were carried out in 96-well microplates. Each well was previously coated with fibronectin or matrigel (250 ng/ml) diluted in 0.2 M sodium carbonate pH 9,6 for 16 hrs at 4°C. The isolated neutrophils (1 × 104/ml) were added in solutions of BJcuL (2.5 μg/ml) or only RPMI. After a 4 hr incubation at 37°C and 5% CO2, the non-adherent cells were removed by three successive washes with PBS. The adhered cell layer was fixed for 10 min with methanol, washed with PBS and then stained with 0.2% crystal violet for 5 min. After staining, the wells were repeatedly washed with PBS. The cells were lysed with sodium citrate 100 mM in ethanol and the absorbance was measured at 550 nm (Microplate Reader Benchmark - Bio-Rad Laboratories, San Francisco, CA, USA). Unspecific adhesion was evaluated in the absence of extracellular matrix protein.
Neutrophil suspension (1 × 104/ml) was added to the wells of a 96-well microplate and incubated with BJcuL (2.5 μg/ml), PMA (1 μg/ml) or CXCL8 (2 μg/ml) (Sigma Chemical Company) diluted in a solution containing neutral-red dye and zymosan (2.3 × 108 particles/ml) for 30 min at 37°C. After incubation, cells were fixed with Baker's formaldehyde-calcium for 30 min and then washed twice by centrifugation (453 × g for 5 min). The neutral-red stain incorporated by the cells was solubilized by acidified ethanol in each well. After 30 min, the absorbance at 550 nm was detected.
The uptake of the cationic dye, neutral red, which concentrates in cell lysosomes , was used to assess neutrophil volume of the lysosomal system. Neutrophil suspension (1 × 104/ml) was added to the wells in a 96-well microplate in the presence of BJcuL (2.5 μg/ml), PMA (1 μg/ml) or CXCL8 (2 μg/ml) and 3% neutral red in PBS for 30 min at 37°C. Cells were then washed twice with PBS by centrifugation (453 × g for 5 min). Neutral red was solubilized by 30 min incubation with acidified ethanol solution at RT and the absorbance was read at 550 nm.
Superoxide production was estimated by nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay. Neutrophils (1 × 104 cells/ml) were incubated for 30 min at 37°C in the presence of BJcuL (2.5 μg/ml), PMA (1 μg/ml) or CXCL8 (2 μg/ml) and 0.1% NBT (Sigma Chemical Company). The reaction was stopped by the addition of acetic acid. The mixture was then centrifuged for 30 sec at 2500 × g. Reduction of NBT results in the formation of blue formazan, which was detected at 560 nm.
Neutrophils (1 × 106/ml) were incubated for 12, 18 and 24 hrs at 37°C with BJcuL (2.5 μg/ml) and stained with propidium iodide and FITC-labeled Annexin-V, according to manufacturer's instructions.
All results are reported as means ± Standard Deviation (SD). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare means between treatment and control groups. Student's t-test was used to determine if the control assay was significantly different when compared to the lectin assay. P-values of 0.05 or less were regarded as statistically significance.
We thank the Instituto Butantan/SP for providing B. jararacussu venom. This research was supported by grants from CNPq and PIBIC/PUCPR.
SE-E participated in the design of the study, performed the statistical analysis and drafted the manuscript. LT participated in the neutrophil adhesion, phagocytosis and superoxide production assay. CS participated in the fluorescence microscopy and polarization assay. APG carried the apoptosis assay. GMF carried the cell migration assay. LCF participated in the design of the study, mainly in the phagocytosis, volume lysosomal and superoxide production. LFMZ participated in the design of the study, mainly in the fluorescence microscopy. PMSC participated in the design of the study, specifically in the adhesion and migration assay. ANM conceived of the study, and participated in its design and coordination. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Why do circuit weight training?
Weight training can be used to increase muscle power and strength, and it can also be good for general body conditioning and overall fitness, including aerobic fitness. It can benefit most people, from serious sports competitors to the least fit sedentary person. Many people think that weight training is the same as weightlifting, but the two are separate. Weightlifting and powerlifting are more specific, using resistance exercise, usually with free weights, to increase muscle strength and bulk, and there are competitions for serious participants.
Activity keeps our body in good condition. The right kind of movement is good for all our body systems. It helps the circulation, heart and lung function, digestive system, bones, joints and muscles. Inactivity is harmful to body health.
Muscle strength is the basis for physical activity. Without muscle strength, it is difficult to do anything. We need strength, not just for sports and demanding activities like chopping wood or carrying heavy loads, but also for simple everyday things like walking or cutting up food and putting it into our mouth. Muscles become wasted, losing their contours and fitness when they are not used, whether because of a sedentary lifestyle or as a result of being immobilized because of injury or illness. Muscle strength decreases with age. Osteoporosis, or thinning of the bones, can be a problem in later life, especially if there is a family history of it. Osteoporosis is usually accompanied by muscle weakness.
Muscles are strengthened through movement against a resistance. Resistance training can be done using free weights such as dumbbells, bars-and-weights, weights machines, bodyweight, and the effect of gravity. Weight training using well-designed machines is a good way of improving strength and tone in normal muscles. The machines provide a stable starting position, so that you can perform each movement correctly and efficiently. A good range of machines can cover all the body’s major muscle groups. Each exercise should take the working muscles through a full range of movement. There are two important elements in the muscle work involved in resistance training: concentric and eccentric. In a concentric contraction, a muscle group shortens as the required movement is created directly against gravity, a load or a resistance, whereas eccentric action is the lengthening out of the muscle group as it controls a movement which would otherwise happen through the influence of gravity or a load.
Doing resistance exercises for all the main muscle groups provides body balance. Not only does it make us fitter, but it helps prevent injury and deterioration in the bones and soft tissues. It is effective background exercise both for daily life and sports of all kinds. If you’re sedentary, resistance training can ward off circulatory problems, back pain or joint aches. If you do a sport, whatever your level, it can protect your body from the imbalance which is a cause of many injuries.
Circuit training means doing a number of exercises in sequence, and repeating the sequence, usually three times, but it can be more or less according to the amount of work you want to do or the amount of time you want to spend on your training. Combining weight training with circuit training enhances the fitness benefits, as it provides a good level of aerobic training which improves your heart and lung function. It’s safest to use weights machines rather than free weights for this, as you need to do the exercises as quickly as you can, without compromising the quality of your movements, and you need to move between exercises as fast as you can. Once you are familiar with your exercises and how to do the circuit safely, you can use timed intervals to create the element of speed. Twenty seconds on each exercise, with a ten-second interval for moving on to the next exercise, done for a total of thirty minutes can create marked aerobic improvement over a six-week period. To save having to watch the clock, you can record a tape or disc giving the timed intervals for starting and changing the exercises.
Firstly, choose the right gym. Weights machines are simpler and safer to use than free weights, but you do have to know how to use them correctly. Before you start, you should be guided through the machines by a competent qualified professional. Going into a weight-training gym for the first time can be a daunting experience. You must have confidence in the person guiding you. if not, find another gym. It also helps to go with a friend. it’s best if you can be monitored when you do your exercise sessions, at least for the first few times, while you are becoming familiar with the exercises and equipment.
Conditions in the gym should be conducive to efficient exercise.
The space should not be cluttered, and it should be properly lit and ventilated. Loud music and blaring televisions can be distracting, unpleasant and off-putting. It’s much better if you can choose for yourself whether you want music through personal headphones or not. Watching television or reading while you exercise is not recommended: firstly by fixing your head position and eye focus you detach them from your movement patterns, whereas they should be following the flow; secondly you can’t concentrate on your exercising as you should if you’re trying to do something else at the same time.
Is weight training boring? Lots of people think so, especially sports players and competitors. But it needn’t be, if you plan your programme properly. You don’t need to do too much or too often. Thirty minutes of efficient circuit training twice a week for six weeks will give you noticeable (and measurable) fitness benefits, although maintaining the programme for three months is better, as it gives due time for muscle adaptation to the training. You should choose as wide a range of exercises as possible, preferably at least ten different movements. Your programme should be progressive, so that you build up your workload in easy stages.
Always work within your limits.
For general conditioning, you should aim to do up to 15 repetitions on each exercise, and to repeat your circuit of exercises three times in each session. You should be able to do each movement comfortably, without straining. Quality of movement is all-important. If you find you’re struggling to do 15 repetitions, cut down to the number you can do easily, be it as low as 3 or 5, and then do additional repetitions as you get stronger. When 15 repetitions seem to be too easy, that’s the time to increase the weight on that particular exercise. Having raised the weight, you may need to cut down the repetitions, or you may find you can do one circuit using the higher weight, and the next at the previous weight. Either way, build up gradually, session by session, until you can do 15 repetitions in each circuit.
Choose your exercises for balance.
Don’t just do the ones you find easy, or those you think are most relevant to your sport. Select a variety to cover the whole body. If some parts of your body are weaker than others, do more exercises for the weaker parts, to create better body balance. Intersperse exercises for the arms, trunk and legs within your circuit each time. Don’t focus on one area only. For instance, don’t do leg exercises one day and arm exercises the next. Within the circuit, you can also include bodyweight or gravity resisted exercises, or use equipment such as a mini-trampoline, static bicycle or Swiss ball.
For each exercise, make sure your starting position is correct.
If you are sitting down, use the backrest or keep your back and head straight: don’t lean forward and look down. For standing exercises, keep yourself well upright and avoid bending forwards or backwards as you do the movement. Every exercise should involve as full a range of movement as possible. This produces suppleness together with strength, creating good muscle tone, and protecting your joints from stress injuries.
Once you have done your programme over the period you set yourself, preferably between six and twelve weeks, you can stop. This is a good time to do other fitness activities. At intervals during the year, (and over many years) you can come back to the weights circuit training. However long you leave it, you will always retain an element of the fitness you gained previously, and you will be able to build up your fitness each time from that base-level.
* Standard weight training and exercises are generally unsuitable for people suffering from neurological conditions, such as spasticity following a stroke or head injury. If that’s your case, always be guided by a physiotherapist who is competent and experienced in treating neurological problems.
* If you have any doubt about your health, check with your doctor or practitioner before embarking on any exercise programme.
* Never do exercise if you are unwell, have a temperature, headache, sore throat, raised pulse or raised blood pressure.
* It’s a good idea to do a warm-up to prepare for the session and a warm-down to wind down, although they are not strictly necessary for this type of controlled workout.
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Thomas Francis Eagleton (September 4, 1929 – March 4, 2007) was a United States Senator from Missouri, serving from 1968 to 1987. He is best remembered for briefly being the Democratic vice presidential nominee under George McGovern in 1972. After his public service he became adjunct professor of public affairs at Washington University.
2.1 "Amnesty, abortion, and acid"
Eagleton was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the son of Zitta Louise (Swanson) and Mark David Eagleton, a politician who had run for mayor. His paternal grandparents were Irish immigrants, and his mother had Swedish, Irish, French, and Austrian ancestry.
He graduated from St. Louis Country Day School, served in the U.S. Navy for two years, and graduated from Amherst College in 1950, where he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity (Sigma Chapter). He then attended Harvard Law School. Following his graduation in 1953, Eagleton practiced law at his father's firm and later became associated with Anheuser-Busch's legal department.
Eagleton married Barbara Ann Smith of St. Louis on January 26, 1956. A son, Terence, was born in 1959, and a daughter, Christin, was born in 1963.
He was elected circuit attorney of the City of St. Louis in 1956. During his tenure, he appeared on the TV show What's My Line? (episode #355) as "District Attorney of St. Louis". (He stumped the panel.) He was elected Missouri Attorney General in 1960, at the age of 31 (the youngest in the state's history). He was elected the 38th Lieutenant Governor of Missouri in 1964, and won a U.S. Senate seat in 1968 unseating incumbent Edward V. Long in the Democratic primary and narrowly defeating Congressman Thomas B. Curtis in the general election.
Between 1960 and 1966, Eagleton checked himself into the hospital three times for physical and nervous exhaustion, receiving electroconvulsive therapy twice. He was also known to have suffered from depression.
The hospitalizations, which were not widely publicized, had little effect on his political aspirations, although the St. Louis Post-Dispatch was to note, in 1972, immediately after his vice presidential nomination: "He had been troubled with gastric disturbances, which led to occasional hospitalizations. The stomach troubles have contributed to rumors that he had a drinking problem."
On April 25, 1972, George McGovern won the Massachusetts primary, and conservative journalist Robert Novak phoned Democratic politicians around the country. On April 27, 1972 Novak reported in a column his conversation with an unnamed Democratic senator about McGovern.
Novak quoted the senator as saying "The people don't know McGovern is for amnesty, abortion, and legalization of pot. Once middle America — Catholic middle America, in particular — finds this out, he’s dead." Because of the column McGovern became known as the candidate of "amnesty, abortion, and acid."
On July 15, 2007, several months after Eagleton's death, Novak said on Meet the Press that the unnamed senator was Eagleton. Novak was accused in 1972 of manufacturing the quote, but stated that to rebut the criticism, he took Eagleton to lunch after the campaign and asked whether he could identify him as the source; the senator refused. "Oh, he had to run for re-election", said Novak, "the McGovernites would kill him if they knew he had said that." Political analyst Bob Shrum says that Eagleton would never have been selected as McGovern's running mate if it had been known at the time that Eagleton was the source of the quote. "Boy, do I wish he would have let you publish his name. Then he never would have been picked as vice president," said Shrum. "Because the two things, the two things that happened to George McGovern — two of the things that happened to him — were the label you put on him, number one, and number two, the Eagleton disaster. We had a messy convention, but he could have, I think in the end, carried eight or 10 states, remained politically viable. And Eagleton was one of the great train wrecks of all time."
In 1972, Richard Nixon appeared unbeatable. When McGovern won the Democratic nomination for President, virtually all of the high-profile Democrats, including Ted Kennedy, Walter Mondale, Hubert Humphrey, Edmund Muskie, and Birch Bayh, turned down offers to run on the ticket. McGovern had been convinced that Kennedy would join the ticket. Kennedy ended up refusing. McGovern campaign manager Gary Hart suggested Boston Mayor Kevin White. McGovern called White, and received "an emphatic yes", but the leader of the Massachusetts delegation, Ken Galbraith, said the Massachusetts delegation would walk-out if the announcement was made to the Convention that McGovern had chosen White as his vice-presidential candidate, as White had backed Muskie during the Massachusetts primary (yet, Massachusetts ended up being the only state that McGovern would carry in Electoral College votes on November 7, Election Day).
McGovern then asked Senator Gaylord Nelson to be his running mate. Nelson declined but suggested Tom Eagleton, whom McGovern ultimately chose, with only a minimal background check. Eagleton made no mention of his earlier hospitalizations, and in fact decided with his wife to keep them secret from McGovern while he was flying to his first meeting with the Presidential nominee.
McGovern said he would back Eagleton "1000 percent". Subsequently, McGovern consulted confidentially with preeminent psychiatrists, including Eagleton's own doctors, who advised him that a recurrence of Eagleton's depression was possible and could endanger the country should Eagleton become president. On August 1, Eagleton withdrew at McGovern's request and, after a new search by McGovern, was replaced by Kennedy in-law Sargent Shriver.
A Time magazine poll taken at the time found that 77 percent of the respondents said "Eagleton's medical record would not affect their vote." Nonetheless, the press made frequent references to his 'shock therapy', and McGovern feared that this would detract from his campaign platform.
McGovern's handling of the controversy was an opening for the Republican campaign to raise serious questions about his judgment. In the general election, the Democratic ticket won only Massachusetts and the District of Columbia.
Missouri returned Eagleton to the Senate in 1974; he won 60% of the popular vote against Thomas B. Curtis, who had been his opponent in 1968. In 1980, he was re-elected by a closer-than-expected margin over St. Louis County Executive Gene McNary.
During the 1980 election, Eagleton's niece Elizabeth Eagleton Weigand and lawyer Stephen Poludniak were arrested for blackmail after they threatened to spread false accusations that Eagleton was bisexual. Eagleton told reporters that the extorted money was to be turned over to the Church of Scientology. Poludniak and Weigand appealed the conviction all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court, arguing that they could not have gotten a fair trial because of "the massive publicity surrounding this case, coupled with the pre-existing sentiment in favor of Sen. Eagleton". The Court turned down the appeal.
Eagleton did not seek a fourth term in 1986.
In the Senate, Eagleton was active in matters dealing with foreign relations, intelligence, defense, education, health care, and the environment. He was instrumental to the Senate's passage of the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act, and sponsored the amendment that halted the bombing in Cambodia and effectively ended American involvement in the Vietnam War.
Eagleton was one of the authors of The Hatch-Eagleton Amendment, introduced in the Senate on January 26, 1983 with Sen. Orrin Hatch (R), which stated that "A right to abortion is not secured by this Constitution".
In 1987, Eagleton returned to Missouri as an attorney, political commentator, and professor at Washington University in St. Louis, where until his death he was professor of public affairs. Throughout his Washington University career, Eagleton taught courses in economics with former chairman of the Council of Economic Advisors Murray Weidenbaum and with history professor Henry Berger on the Vietnam War. Eagleton selected research assistants from among his students.
On July 23, 1996, Eagleton delivered a warm introductory speech for George McGovern during a promotional tour for McGovern's book, Terry: My Daughter's Life-and-Death Struggle with Alcoholism, at The Library, Ltd., in St. Louis, Missouri. At that time, McGovern spoke favorably about Eagleton and reminisced about their short-lived presidential ticket in 1972.
During the 2000s, Eagleton served on the Council of Elders for the George and Eleanor McGovern Center for Leadership and Public Service at Dakota Wesleyan University.
In January 2001, he joined other Missouri Democrats to oppose the nomination of former Missouri governor John Ashcroft for United States Attorney General. Eagleton was quoted in the official Judiciary Committee record: "John Danforth would have been my first choice. John Ashcroft would have been my last choice."
In 2005 and 2006, he co-taught a seminar on the US presidency and the Constitution with Joel Goldstein at Saint Louis University School of Law. He was also a partner in the St. Louis law firm Thompson Coburn and was a chief negotiator for a coalition of local business interests that lured the Los Angeles Rams football team to St. Louis. Eagleton authored three books on politics. Eagleton also strongly supported Democratic Senate candidate Claire McCaskill in 2006; McCaskill won, defeating incumbent Jim Talent.
Eagleton led a group, Catholics for Amendment 2, composed of prominent Catholics that challenged church leaders' opposition to embryonic stem cell research and to a proposed state constitutional amendment that would have protected such research in Missouri. The group e-mailed a letter to fellow Catholics explaining reasons for supporting Amendment 2. The amendment ensures that any federally approved stem cell research and treatments would be available in Missouri. "[T]he letter from Catholics for Amendment 2 said the group felt a moral obligation to respond to what it called misinformation, scare tactics and distortions being spread by opponents of the initiative, including the church."
Eagleton died in St. Louis on March 4, 2007, of heart and respiratory complications. Eagleton donated his body to medical science at Washington University. He wrote a farewell letter to his family and friends months before he died, citing that his dying wishes were for people to "go forth in love and peace — be kind to dogs — and vote Democratic".
The 8th Circuit federal courthouse in St. Louis is named after Eagleton. Dedicated on September 11, 2000, it is named the Thomas F. Eagleton Building.
Eagleton has been honored with a star on the St. Louis Walk of Fame.
↑ "C0674 Eagleton, Thomas F. (1929-2007), Papers, 1944-1987" (PDF). The State Historical Society of Missouri. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Kraske, Steve (28 July 2007). "With another disclosure, Novak bedevils the dead". Kansas City Star. Archived from the original on 18 October 2007.
↑ Ganey, Terry (19 August 2007). "A slice of history: Biographers of the late U.S. Sen. Thomas Eagleton of Missouri will find some vivid anecdotes when they comb through his large collection of journals, letters and transcripts housed in Columbia". Columbia Tribune.
↑ Riesel, Victor (6 July 1972). "Coalition Breaking". Rome News-Tribune (Rome, Georgia).
↑ Garofoli, Joe (26 March 2008). "Obama bounces back - speech seemed to help". The San Francisco Chronicle.
↑ 21.0 21.1 "Catholic group fights church leaders on stem cell research". CNN. 5 November 2006. Archived from the original on 6 November 2006.
↑ "Final wish: Be kind to dogs, vote Democratic". MSNBC.com. Associated Press. 10 March 2007. Retrieved 27 November 2012.
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What is fencing all about?
Fencing comes from the word 'defence', the art of protecting oneself.
Fencing was officially established by King Charles IX in 1567 as a non-fatal version of swordplay, although sporting elements had existed long beforehand.
The sport reached a peak in the 1920s where it was fashionable for the upper classes to pay to watch the fencing masters compete before them. In modern times, the sport is less high-brow and is fenced by everyone from hollywood film stars to home-economics teachers.
Modern technology such as electronic measuring devices and protective gear allowed the sport to progress to the fast paced and dynamic Olympic sport we know today.
The sport requires a unique blend of physical and mental abilities. This allows it to cater to a wide range of ages: from young children to senior citizens. Whilst the younger depend on their speed and agility, the older rely on devious tactics and devilish cunning.
Although you (mostly) compete as an individual, your skills and abilities develop as part of a team effort. Fencing is a long road to take and you will train and workout with your fencing club and the people within it.
Inevitably, this leads to strong social ties and you may not remember what it was like to socialise before taking up fencing. There is no single demographic of who will fence - the sport attracts people of all walks of live and of all ages.
It is rare indeed for a fencing club not to have an after session social where everyone can get together and talk about 'the point that got away'.
The sport is practiced with three weapons, foil, epee and sabre. Each weapon lends itself to a different flavour of tactics and counter-tactics and although all share the same common fencing forms, depending on your personality, you may find one suits you more than the others.
The foil is the original sporting weapon, historically derived from the small sword. Hits are scored with the tip of the blade to the torso of the opponent, perhaps because of its martial background or perhaps because originally when safety equipment was in its infancy, this was the safest target to aim for.
The secret to wielding this weapon is a careful balance of defensive and aggressive tactics.
The sabre, like the foil also derives from a martial background and hits are scored by the edge of the blade anywhere above the waist. A possible reason for this is suggested to simulate the historical use of a sabre wielded from horseback, although the real reasons appear to have been lost in time.
Success with this weapon leans towards more aggressive and dominating moves that leave the opponent little opportunity to make a defence.
The epee, unlike the other two weapons, comes from a civilian weapon, the rapier. Duels were not necessarily to the death and in the modern sport, this is expressed in the sport by allowing both competitors to stab and score simultaneously and to be able to hit any part of their opponent that they wish, even the foot.
Winning strategies with this sword rely on careful patience and observation followed by lightning fast attacks.
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Are Mobile Phone Purchases and Running Costs Tax Deductible?
Are mobile phone purchases and running costs tax deductable?
HMRC expenses rules state that the company can provide staff with ONE mobile phone for business purposes, which is exempt from tax as a benefit in kind (BIK) and an allowable expense against corporation tax. However, if an employee has more than one handset, or handsets are provided to family members who are not employees of the company, then these extra handsets will be taxed as a Benefit in Kind (paid by the employee), although the business would be able to claim the cost of the additional phone as an expense against corporation tax.
HMRC accept that most businesses will provide staff with ONE mobile phone each. If the company purchase the phone and the contact is in the company name then the company can claim expenses relating to the purchase, contract, and call costs on these mobile phones. If the phone is not in the company name, then the company cannot claim for the purchase of the handset or the costs of the tariff itself. For example, if the tariff costs £30 per month before making business calls, but there was no marginal cost of the business calls, then you cannot claim any element of the line rental as an expense. This is because HMRC deem that you would be paying for this anyway.
Q: So are you saying that the phone contract should be in the company name?
Remember, that you can buy multiple phones for different members of staff, but if you buy two phones for one member of staff this will be a BIK (of the staff member).
Q: What sorts of phones are acceptable?
Q: What if I purchase a pay-as-you-go phone in the company name?
Regards pay-as-you-go top ups: ensure that you log all calls that are relevant to business. Remember that you should only claim for calls made for business purposes, and if asked, you would need to be able to produce records to prove that the calls for which you are claiming were business related.
Ditto the above really, definitely avoid purchasing a mobile phone intended for business using your personal bank account or credit card. You should definitely try to make sure that all business purchases are through the company. You could itemise calls made for business and then put them against expenses, but this is a very dangerous way of going about things. My advice is to buy a phone for business purposes and make all business and personal calls through it.
Just a quick comment on the VAT: If the mobile phone is for business purposes only, then all the input VAT is reclaimable. If there is some personal usage then only an apportioned amount of VAT is reclaimable. However, this does not apply with the Flat Rate VAT scheme, as there is no input VAT.
If you are married or in a civil partnership and you are both employees of the company this would mean that each of you can have a handset on the company. This is a good perk, both for you and for your company, so take advantage of it.
Overseas Expenses Claims: Are they Tax Deductable?
HMRC Tax Avoidance or Tax Evasion?
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Would it trouble you if scientists discover that a multiverse actually exists?
I see two issues in formulating a response to this question. First, does the multiverse conflict with Christianity? Second, how does the multiverse impact apologetics? I have addressed the former question in a previous TNRTB so I will focus on the latter question here.
In order for a strictly naturalistic multiverse model to provide an adequate explanation for this universe and our existence, it must meet a number of requirements.
First, the multiverse model must be self-contained. Christianity argues that the universe has a beginning (and thus a cause, or Beginner) and that the universe exhibits design such that human life has a suitable habitat. A naturalistic model cannot exhibit a beginning or true design because that requires an external agent—a Beginner or a Designer. Thus, any multiverse model must explain the apparent design acknowledged by the scientific community without having any aspect of the model reflect fine-tuning.
Second, any successful multiverse model must account for all observations and data. In other words, any proposed multiverse model must naturally produce a region that looks like this observable universe. Additionally, any multiverse model must also make predictions about what scientists will detect in our observable universe. Otherwise, no scientific tests can verify or falsify the model because, by definition, the proposed multiverse forever lies beyond the reach of observations.
Third, the models must provide a mechanism that produces a sufficient variety of universes. A popular argument says that a monkey typing away for an enormously long time will eventually reproduce the complete works of Shakespeare. However, the argument is only true if the keyboard contains all the letters of the alphabet as well as any necessary punctuation. With a keyboard of vowels only, the monkey will never produce any readable work regardless of how long it types. Similarly, unless a multiverse model produces a sufficient variety of universes, it cannot explain the fine-tuning observed in the laws of physics, the fundamental constants, and the characteristics of Earth, Sun, Moon, planets, and galaxy.
Fifth, and most importantly, life must be completely physical. Although this requirement flows from the first, it bears separate mention to highlight its importance. All multiverse models I have encountered so far implicitly make the assumption that life is completely physical. However, if human life has a nonphysical component, such as the image of God, then no amount of twiddling the laws of physics and rearranging the stuff of the universe will produce a human being without divine intervention.
In evaluating multiverse models, one must keep these requirements in mind. I think it reasonable for the naturalist to assume that inflationary cosmology could produce a large number of universes that operate under different laws of physics and that this universe is one of those universes. Although both of these assumptions need further verification, multiverse advocates have put forth models currently consistent with requirements three and four.
In contrast, I have shown how robust arguments demonstrate that the multiverse must still have a beginning. Thus a strictly naturalistic multiverse fails the first requirement.
Similarly, the idea of Boltzmann brains means that our universe appears odd in the multiverse. Remember, sentient life abounds in a naturalistic multiverse model. Either the existence of Boltzmann brains means that we are atypical observers or the multiverse-generating mechanism must be fine-tuned in order to not produce Boltzmann brains. Either way, our existence appears fine-tuned. Once again, the naturalistic multiverse fails the first requirement.
In the next two “Multiverse Musings” I want to address the second and fifth requirements. An important piece of evidence for the observable universe’s geometry as well as last month’s musings indicate that multiverse models may not pass requirement two.
I am almost 100% confident that a Level I multiverse exists. However, I would argue that the term “multiverse” in this context is somewhat of a misnomer. After all, the essential point of a Level I multiverse is simply that space does not end at the farthest reaches astronomers can observe. From a scientific perspective, a Level I multiverse fails requirement three. I am more ambivalent about the existence of a Level II multiverse. Mainstream scientific views on inflation provide some evidence for a Level II multiverse, although much more speculatively than Level I.
In the end, I don’t personally see any significant biblical problems with God creating a multiverse that accounts for some of the design aspects of our universe. On the other hand, even if the multiverse exists, it still poses significant problems for a strictly naturalistic view.
If you would like to see a question about the multiverse addressed in this forum, send it to [email protected].
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The Canadian Olympic Curling Trials, known as the Tim Hortons Roar of the Rings since 2005 for sponsorship reasons, occur every four years, in the year preceding the Winter Olympic Games. They are held to determine the men's and women's representatives at the next year's Olympic Games. The system of qualification for the Curling Trials varies for each event, and can be quite complicated. One main reason for an Olympic qualifying event apart from the national championships (The Brier and the Scotties) is that provincial residency rules do not apply to the Olympic team. Curling was added to the Olympic programme in 1998, and a Canadian Olympic Trials have been held the year prior since 1997.
There were also Olympic Trials held in 1987 for the curling demonstration event at the 1988 Winter Olympics. The 1987 Trials were known as the Labatt National Curling Trials and were held April 19–25, 1987 in Calgary, the same site of the 1988 Winter Olympics. Linda Moore would skip the women's winning team and Ed Lukowich skipped the men's winner.
There were no trials for the 1992 Winter Olympics curling demonstration event. The winner of the 1991 Scott Tournament of Hearts (Julie Sutton) and the 1991 Labatt Brier (Kevin Martin) got to represent Canada at the event.
The 1987 Labatt National Curling Trials were held April 19-25, 1987 at the Max Bell Arena in Calgary, Alberta. They were held to determine the Canadian National men's and women's Teams for the demonstration curling event at the 1988 Winter Olympics.
The 1997 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials were held from November 22 to 30, 1997 at the Keystone Centre in Brandon, Manitoba. They were held to determine the Canadian National men's and women's Teams for the 1998 Winter Olympics.
The 2001 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials were held from December 1 to 9 at the Agridome in Regina, Saskatchewan. They were held to determine the Canadian National men's and women's Teams for the 2002 Winter Olympics.
The 2005 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials were held from December 3 to 11 at the Halifax Metro Centre in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The winning teams represented Canada at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy.
The 2009 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials were held December 6–13, 2009 at Rexall Place in Edmonton. The event is also known and advertised as Roar of the Rings. The winner of the men's and women's events represented Canada at the 2010 Winter Olympics. Canada was guaranteed a team in each event as hosts.
The qualification event for the 2013 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials, known and advertised as the Capital One Road to the Roar, will be held from November 5 to 10 at the Kitchener Memorial Auditorium Complex in Kitchener, Ontario. The Kitchener Memorial Auditorium Complex, colloquially known as "The Aud," has previously been host to major curling events, most recently the 2003 Scott Tournament of Hearts. The top two finishers of the men's and women's events will qualify to participate in the 2013 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials.
The teams will play in a triple-knockout tournament, and four teams will qualify for the playoff round. The first two qualifiers and second two qualifiers will play against each other, and the winner of the first game will advance to the Trials. The loser of the first game then plays the winner of the second game to determine the second team to advance to the Trials.
The 2013 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials were held from December 1 to 8 at the MTS Centre in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The event is also known and advertised as the Tim Hortons Roar of the Rings. The winners of the men's and women's events were chosen to represent Canada at the 2014 Winter Olympics.
The 2017 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials was held from December 2 to 10 at the Canadian Tire Centre in Kanata, Ottawa, Ontario. The event is also known and advertised as the Tim Hortons Roar of the Rings. The winners of the men's and women's events will be chosen to represent Canada at the 2018 Winter Olympics.
The women's final was won by Team Rachel Homan in front of her home town crowd. She defeated Team Chelsea Carey 6-5, after Carey missed a pivotal double takeout on her last shot of the 10th end.
The men's final was won by Team Kevin Koe from Alberta. He defeated Team Mike McEwen 7-6, drawing for one on the last stone of the 10th end.
Bert Gretzinger (born April 7, 1951) is a Canadian curler. He was a member of the gold medal winning Canadian team at the 1994 World Men's Curling Championship.He also won a bronze medal at the 2001 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials, where he lost to Kerry Burtnyk in the semifinal 7-5.
He was known for his ability to make big shots which overcame his inconsistency to some extent. He has played skip, third, and second at various points in his career.
Brent Laing (born December 10, 1978) is a Canadian curler from Shanty Bay, Ontario. He currently plays second for John Epping. He grew up in Meaford, Ontario.
The Canadian Mixed Doubles Curling Olympic Trials, known as the Canad Inns Canadian Mixed Doubles Trials since 2018 for sponsorship reasons, occur every four years, in the year preceding the Winter Olympic Games. These trials have been used to determine the Canadian representatives in the year's Winter Olympic Games since mixed doubles curling was added to the Olympic program for the 2018 Winter Olympic games.Members of Canada's Olympic four-player teams are not eligible to compete in the Canadian Mixed Doubles Trials because of the rigours of the Olympic curling schedule. If their teammate did qualify for the Olympics as part of a four-player team, they must name a replacement to compete alongside them in the Trials.
Emma Kathryn Miskew (born February 14, 1989) is a Canadian curler. She is the long-time third of the three-time Canadian champion and 2017 world champion Rachel Homan rink. The Homan team represented Canada at the 2018 Winter Olympics.
Miskew joined up with Homan in 2001 at the age of 12, after their fathers decided to form a team with the pair after the two faced off in the final of a little rock tournament played during the 2001 Nokia Brier. Miskew, who had been curling since she was five, was previously a skip in her own right. As a member of the Homan rink, Miskew has won four provincial Bantam titles, two Provincial junior titles, a Canada Games gold medal, the 2010 Canadian Junior Curling Championships, three provincial championships (2011, 2013 & 2017) and three Scotties Tournament of Hearts in 2013, 2014 and 2017, the 2015 Canada Cup of Curling, the 2017 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials and a career six Grand Slam of Curling titles. She represented Canada at the 2010 World Junior Curling Championships in Flims, Switzerland where she won a silver medal. She also represented Canada as a member of the Homan team at the 2013 World Women's Curling Championship in Riga, Latvia where she won a bronze medal, at the 2014 Ford World Women's Curling Championship in Saint John, New Brunswick where they won a silver medal and at the 2017 World Women's Curling Championship where they won a gold medal. At the 2018 Winter Olympics, the team would finish in sixth place.
Aside from the Homan team, Miskew also won the 2008 Junior provincial mixed title with Christian Tolusso.
Jo-Ann Rizzo (born June 1, 1965 in Zweibrücken, West Germany) is a Canadian curler from Brantford, Ontario.
Rizzo grew up in Germany, where her father was stationed in the military. She moved to Canada at age 16. She attended the University of Western Ontario where she won two Ontario University Athletics championships.As of 2013, Rizzo has played in 13 Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts. She is also a former provincial mixed champion. She played third for her husband Nick Rizzo at the 2003 Canadian Mixed Curling Championship, where they finished in 4th place.
Rizzo qualified for the 2005 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials, where she and her rink of Cheryl McPherson, Kimberly Tuck and Sara Gatchell finished in 9th with a 2-7 record.
Rizzo is a former skip, but she joined up with Middaugh in 2010. With Middaugh, the team won the 2012 Curlers Corner Autumn Gold Curling Classic and finished second at the 2013 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials. The Middaugh rink dissolved in 2018.
Rizzo won two provincial senior curling championships in 2016 and 2017, finishing fourth at the 2016 Canadian Senior Curling Championships and second at the 2017 Canadian Senior Curling Championships.
Rizzo also coached the US team at the 2017 World Senior Curling Championships.
John Epping (born March 20, 1983) is a Canadian curler from Toronto, Ontario.
Born in Peterborough, Ontario, Epping was a top junior curler, having won the Ontario Junior championship in 2004. At the 2004 Canadian Junior Curling Championships, his team finished with an 8-4 record, just out of the playoffs. He won the 2006 Canadian Mixed Curling Championship with Julie Reddick, Scott Foster and Leigh Armstrong. He won the 2007 provincial mixed as well, but could not defend his national title.
After Juniors, Epping played third for Nick Rizzo until switching positions with Rizzo in 2006, and thus skipping the team. However, in 2007 he was picked up to play third for Olympic silver medalist Mike Harris. He'd only play one season for Harris before joining Wayne Middaugh's rink at second in 2008. With the Middaugh rink Epping won the 2008 National, his first Grand Slam victory. The team also played in the 2009 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials, where they finished with a 2-5 record. In 2010, Epping parted from Middaugh to form his own team.
Epping and teammates Scott Bailey, Scott Howard and David Mathers won the 2012 Players' Championship, Epping's second Grand Slam title of his career, and his first as skip. This win helped him accrue enough CTRS points to qualify for a direct spot at the 2013 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials. At the Trials, his rink (which replaced Howard with Collin Mitchell) won just one game, and finished last. Following the season, Epping formed a new team with Travis Fanset, Patrick Janssen and Tim March. Mathew Camm replaced Fanset in 2015.
At the 2015 Ontario Tankard, Epping's team recorded an 8-2 record through the round robin, but lost to Mark Kean in the final. At the 2016 Ontario Tankard, Epping and his rink again finished the round robin with an 8-2 record, but lost again in the final, this time to Glenn Howard.
Epping played in the 2017 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials, but again had a disappointing tournament, finishing with just a 2-6 record. He also competed in the 2018 Canadian Mixed Doubles Curling Olympic Trials with Sherry Middaugh, who replaced his usual mixed doubles partner Lisa Weagle, who had qualified in the team event with Rachel Homan. Epping and Middaugh finished the round robin with a 3-5 record and did not make it to the round of 8. Later in the season Epping would win his first ever provincial championship, finally defeating Glenn Howard in the final of the 2018 Ontario Tankard. Thus, the 2018 Tim Hortons Brier would be Epping's first Brier appearance. There, he led Team Ontario to a 9-2 record after pool play, good enough for second place going into the playoffs. However, they would lose both of their playoff games, settling for third place overall. After the season, the Epping team replaced its front-end with veteran curlers Brent Laing and Craig Savill.Team Epping won the 2018 Masters, his fourth grand slam title, completing a career Grand Slam for Epping by winning all four "majors". Thanks to their success during the 2018-19 season, they qualified for the 2019 Tim Hortons Brier Wild Card game, despite losing in the final of the 2019 Ontario Tankard. In the Wild Card game, they lost to the Brendan Bottcher rink 8-4, missing out on playing in the Brier.
Kristen Foster (born January 27, 1987 in Morden, Manitoba) is a Canadian curler. She currently plays second for the Jill Thurston team.
In 2003, Foster led her Morden Collegiate Institute team to a Manitoba High School championship.Foster had played with the Chelsea Carey rink since it formed in 2007. Since joining the rink, the team has won one Grand Slam event, the 2010 Manitoba Lotteries Women's Curling Classic and one provincial championship, the 2014 Manitoba Scotties Tournament of Hearts. The team has also played in three Canada Cups, in 2010, 2011 and 2012- finishing 2nd in 2011. The team also played in the 2013 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials, where they placed 4th. They won the bronze medal at the 2014 Scotties Tournament of Hearts. After the season, she joined the Allison Flaxey rink.
Lee Merklinger (born September 16, 1984) is Canadian female curler from Nepean, Ontario. Merklinger played second for the Sherry Middaugh rink on the World Curling Tour from 2010 to 2018. Among the team's accomplishments were finishing runners up at the 2013 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials and winning the 2012 Curlers Corner Autumn Gold Curling Classic Grand Slam event.
Marliese Kasner (née Miller; born January 8, 1982 in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian curler from Shellbrook, Saskatchewan. She is a former member of her sister, Stefanie Lawton's team.
Matt Wozniak (born January 6, 1983) is a Canadian curler from Winnipeg, Manitoba. Wozniak is the former second for the Mike McEwen team which curled out of the Assiniboine Memorial Curling Club in Winnipeg.
Sherri Nadine Singler (born February 19, 1974, in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan as Sherri Leonard) is a Canadian curler. She currently plays third for the Amber Holland team.
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WHY did the Prophet Muhammad start using henna in his later years? Starting after the age of 40, he began to dye his greying beard red to gain a more youthful appearance, as the Prophet Mohammed himself was reported to have NATURALLY red hair when he was young.
This image (left) is said to be of actual hair from the beard of the Prophet Mohammed. Known in Turkish as the Sakal-ı Şerif, the beard was said to have been shaved from Muhammad's face by his favoured barber Salman in the presence of Abu Bakr, Ali and several others. Individual hairs were later taken away, but the beard itself is kept protected in a glass container.
The Islamic men pictured below, with reddish/orange henna-dyed beards and hair, are Muslim followers living many centuries AFTER the time of the Prophet Mohammed.
The same way that DNA evidence has demonstrated the 99% of MODERN day Egyptians are NOT genetically related to the blond and red-headed Pharaohs, the vast majority of Muslims today have no ethnic relation to the Prophet Mohammed, yet still dye themselves with RED henna out of respect, tradition, and imitation.
"Of Roman origin and blond, Byzantine lineage, fostered by the possessors of inner virtue, lineal glory, and greatness among the blond ones . . . soft-skinned ones among whom neither the Egyptians nor the Nabateans have implanted; family honour well-guarded and noble lineage."
The fourteenth-century historian Ali ibn Abd Allah, in his Roudh el Kartas, described a Moorish Sultan of the time, Muhammed ben Idriss, as "blond".
The link given below, leads to a web page which contains depictions of every one of the Ottoman Sultans. It is interesting to observe how many have reddish hair, light eyes, or a fair complexion.
As for the present leadership of the Arab world, Henric von Schwerin has pointed out the extent to which it tends towards blondness and the Nordic type.
Baltzer, H. (1934) Rasse und Kultur: Ein Gang durch die Weltgeschichte (Weimar: Alexander Duncker Verlag).
Dunan, M & J. Bowle (eds.) [D. Ames & G. Sainsbury, trans.] (1968) Larousse Encyclopedia of Ancient and Medieval History (Feltham: Paul Hamlyn).
Fossier, R. (1968) "The Beginning of Europe's Expansion." In Dunan & Bowle (1968) pp. 298-321.
Gayre of Gayre, R. (1972) Miscellaneous Racial Studies, 1943-1972: Volume II (Edinburgh: Armorial).
Grant, M. (1981) Dawn of the Middle Ages (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson).
Guillaume, A. [trans.] (1987) The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Ibn Hisham's "Sirat Rasul Allah" (Oxford: University Press).
Günther, H. F. K. (1930) Rassenkunde des jüdischen Volkes (Munich: J. F. Lehmans Verlag).
Günther, H. F. K. (1934) Die nordische Rasse bei den Indogermanen Asiens (Munich: J. F. Lehmans Verlag).
Lewis, B. (1990) Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Enquiry (Oxford: University Press).
Mitchell, D. (1976) Pirates (London: Thames & Hudson).
Payne, S. G. (1973) A History of Spain and Portugal: Volume One (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press).
Reader's Digest Association (1974) The Last Two Million Years (London: Reader's Digest Association).
Siragusa, G. B. [ed.] (1910) Centenario della nascità di Michele Amari (Palermo: Virzi).
Sordo, E. [I. Michae, trans.] (1962) Moorish Spain: Cordoba, Seville, Granada (New York: Crown Publishers).
Vollers, K. (1910) "Über Rassenfarben in der arabischen Literatur." In Siragusa (1910) pp. 84-95.
von Schwerin, H. (1960) "Nordic Elements in Afro-Asia." Northern World IV (2) pp. 24-30.
von Schwerin, H. (1964) "European Elements in Afro-Asia." Mankind Quarterly IV pp. 127-133.
Weyl, N. (1967) "The Arab World: A Study of Biogenetic Disintegration." Mankind Quarterly VIII pp. 26-43.
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Identify several companies that have demonstrated strategic thinking about issues that are similar to those faced by Starbucks. Provide an overview of the issues, and identify a total of five different strategies utilized by those companies to address them, and discuss the outcomes.
Based on the five strategies, explain how you would adopt them in your selected organization to address the issues you identified.
One of the most important issues faced by companies competing in the retail coffee segment is extreme competition and rivarly among existing players. Each player is pursuing new strategies, tactics and implementing plans to outshine each other and grab a larger pie of this segment. One of the strategies to overcome threat of competition, margin pressures and slowdown in economy in key markets is to explore newer territories, countries or markets to exploit emerging opportunities.
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Animation Tips & Tricks: Animation Is a Never-ending Process, but What Are a Few Things Animators Are Expected to Know?
Animation Is a Never-ending Process, but What Are a Few Things Animators Are Expected to Know?
You're definitely right that this is a never-ending journey of education. It encompasses darn near every conceivable aspect of life in one way or another, so there is just no way to "know everything" about animation.
However, there are certainly many things that any studio would expect an incoming animator to know. This would change a bit, depending on the level of animator they are hiring (they would certainly expect a much broader level of ability from an incoming Senior Animator than a new Junior Animator), but for the most part, they would be looking for different levels of experience within the same general skill set.
I would say that any animator looking for work should be expected to understand the infamous 12 principles of animation and how they apply to the medium that animator is working in. But that's only the beginning. In addition, the animators should be expected to understand how those principles all work together and interrelate. How they come together to explain and decipher "body mechanics" in general. How the concepts of internal and external "force" create momentum, and how those forces are more important to the creation of a dynamic pose than the actual body parts or "form" is.
Any professional animator should know how the body works. Period. What moves what, and WHY. Not just that the hips shift this way or the shoulders shift that way when you're lifting this or throwing that, but WHY those shifts and rotations are happening. This is key to being able to create these movements on your own, and understand how to fix your work when you get into a pinch and something just doesn't feel right.
Any junior animator should also have some understanding of acting, subtext, how to use blinks to create thought process and emotion, and how to communicate an idea through clarity, posing, and timing.
Finally, I think it's safe to assume that any studio looking for animators would expect them to be eager, easy to work with, and hungry to learn. For me, that's just as big a prerequisite as understanding arcs or overlapping action!
Hope that helps! I know that sounds like a lot of stuff to know, and in some ways I'm only just scratching the surface with the basics here, but as you say, learning animation IS a life-long journey, and you have to have a strong and solid and WIDE foundation of knowledge upon which to build.
For me, the stuff above is that basic foundation, and it's all essential stuff.
Great start to the blog, Shawn! I'm an aspiring animator and I love hearing about this kind of info whenever I get the chance. I look forward to hearing more from you, too. Here's a question though, if you are in need of one: How does one land that Junior position? More often than not, it seems studios are only looking for those with experience, and reluctant to be the ones to give experience to those who need it.
I have shot with hard cam shake in it and 3 char. What you suggest to animate for best result.?
I agree with Herman G. these tips really are priceless. You seem to have so many great advice regarding pretty much any kind of question that seems to ever pop in my head! I, and I'm positive numerous others, super appreciate everything you (and your guest bloggers) have to say:] Thanks!!
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You can make your order online for vape products in many different online shops, but the fact is that not all of them have quality products. You need to ensure that you are buying quality vape products and so it is important for you to check the available reviews on the available online vape shops, so that you can make your order in that shop which is well known for selling quality the products. The people who are around you can also give you more reviews on the online vape shops that they know, on the quality of the services that they offer, and you can also check their rating on Better Buyer Bureau.
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What is dry needling and what can it do for me?
Dry Needling is a technique that uses thin monofilament needles. These needles are much smaller than the hypodermic needles you associate with getting a shot and as a result, they tend to be painless or much less painful than the insertion of traditional hypodermic needles. It is known as dry needling because no substances are injected with the insertion of the thin needles.
When performing dry needling we use needles similar to or the same as those used in acupuncture. The difference between dry needling and acupuncture has to do with the goal of the treatment. In acupuncture needles are generally inserted at acupoints meant to change the flow of ‘qi’ or energy consistent with a traditional eastern medicine approach. When using dry needling as part of our treatment we are targeting specific anatomical structures. The needles are inserted into the soft tissues of the body. The needles can be inserted into a variety of different tissues including muscle, tendons, or fascia depending on the patient’s need and desired result. Dry needling can be effective in treating trigger points, the painful “knots” felt in muscle tissue by causing relaxation of the muscle at that specific point, interrupt the pain signals from the nerves in the area, and stimulate new growth of connective tissue. Dry needling can also be effective in treating tendinitis. By using dry needling we can create areas of controlled microtrauma stimulating the body to release healing factors. In this way, we are able to use dry needling to help improve healing in a targeted area of the body.
Dry needling is most effective when used as part of the treatment that may also involve other manual therapies such as soft tissue mobilizations, joint mobilizations, stretching, as well as therapeutic exercise.
Dry needling is also commonly known as trigger point dry needling since one of the main focuses in this technique is to relieve these trigger points through careful and precise punctures.
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2 MBA Admissions Essays That Worked Here are two MBA essays that made the cut. The first is from the Fox School of Business, and the second is from Yale. Give this sample test question a Free MBA Sample Essays: Sample MBA Admission Essays. Sample MBA Essay 1. Just like Helen Keller who attempted to attain the summit of her life through her incessant perseverance, I have also been doing my best efforts to achieve constant selfimprovement and to work toward my maximum selfactualization.
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Graduate School. Medical School. Business School MBA Sample Essays: SAMPLE ESSAY. OPENING PARAGRAPH. FULL ESSAY. Essay 1. I have been hoping and planning to earn an MBA for the past six years since graduating from college and am excited to now be on the cusp of making that dream a reality. Ive A COLLECTION OF 10 SUCCESSFUL MBA ESSAYS Gateway to your dream schools Poonam Tandon CEO, myEssayReview Written 20 MustRead MBA Essay Tips.
Your MBA essays are your best chance to sell the person behind the rsum. They should tie all the pieces of your business school application together and create a comprehensive picture of who you are, START A FREE PRACTICE TEST.
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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a material that contains an encoded version of all the information necessary to build and maintain an organism. DNA is a nucleic acid - a large biological molecule composed of building units called nucleotides (guanine, adenine, thymine and cytosine). Most DNA molecules consist of two biopolymer strands, coiled around each other to form a double helix.
When organisms reproduce, biological information in replicated as the two strands separate and a portion of their DNA is passed along to their offspring, helping to ensure continuity between generations (while allowing changes that create diversity). A gene is a segment of DNA that is passed down from parents to children and confers a trait to the offspring. Genes are organized in units named chromosomes - humans have 23 pairs of them, one from the mother and one from the father. An entire set of genes, 46 chromosomes in total, is a genome.
All living organisms have DNA within their cells, and nearly every cell in a human being contains a full set of DNA. DNA can replicate, and each strand of the double helix can serve as a pattern for duplicating the sequence of bases from the other strand, because bases pair together in a certain way - A with T, C with G. The order of these bases determines the information for building the organism, similar to how letters of the alphabet appear in a certain order to form words.
DNA sequencing is the process of determining the order of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule. It may be used for determining sequences of specific genes, clusters of genes, full chromosomes or even entire genomes. Knowing the sequence of bases helps understand the nature of genetic information in a particular segment of DNA, which can have diverse applications like identifying gene associations with diseases, understanding developmental processes in humans, studying evolution of different species, manipulating plants and agriculture for various ends, acquiring a deeper understanding of microbes and viruses and more.
Basic DNA sequencing methods include the Maxam-Gilbert method, also known as chemical sequencing, which was developed in 1977 and is based on chemical modification of DNA and cleavage at specific bases. The method’s use of radioactive labelling and its technical complexity hindered its extensive use. Another method invented in 1977 is the Sanger method, or chain-termination, which is relatively easy, reliable and uses fewer toxic chemicals and radioactivity. It was quickly adopted into use and further along became automated, and was even used in the first generation of DNA sequencers. Technological advances of the following decades enabled it to become more efficient and less expensive, resulting in its use in the first human genome project in 2001.
A large number of different methods and approaches reached the market following drastic technological changes, with different applications ranging from mapping an entire genome to a targeted search of specific genomic region. Some approaches are used to determine the sequence of DNA with no previously known sequence (“de novo” methods), some are “shotgun” sequencing, which means sequencing long strands of DNA by breaking the target DNA into random fragments and later reassembling them, and next generation methods are constantly researched, opting to lower costs, improve efficiency and cater to various sequencing needs.
Graphene is a material made from honeycomb sheets of carbon just one atom thick. Science journals and researchers are exhausted from trying to find new superlatives for this wondrous material: it's the lightest, strongest, thinnest, best heat and electricity conducting material ever discovered. It holds promise to revolutionize everything from computing to tennis rackets.
In the fields of biotechnology and medicine, it seems graphene’s thin form and malleable nature make it well suited for many possible applications such as disease and tumor detection, drug delivery, DNA sequencing and more. In DNA sequencing, a main concept is creating a graphene membrane, immerse it in conductive fluid and apply a voltage to one end so DNA can be drawn through the graphene’s miniscule pores. This method is called nanopore sequencing and it would allow DNA to be analyzed one nucleotide at a time (each nucleotide effecting the membrane differently due to its unique dimensions and electrical properties). Additional concepts involve graphene-based DNA sensors, and alternative ways of making DNA sequencing faster and more efficient.
Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed new theories regarding the compression of water under a high-gradient electric field. They found that a high electric field applied to a tiny hole in a graphene membrane would compress the water molecules travelling through the pore by 3%. The predicted water compression may eventually prove useful in high-precision filtering of biomolecules for biomedical research.
The team commented: "This is an unexpected phenomenon, contrary to what we thought we knew about nanopore transport. It took three years to work out what it was the simulations were showing us. After exploring many potential solutions, the breakthrough came when we realized that we should not assume water is incompressible. Now that we understand what's happening in the computer simulations, we are able to reproduce this phenomenon in theoretical calculations."
Researchers from Brown University have discovered yet another peculiar and potentially useful property of graphene, that could be useful in guiding nanoscale self-assembly or in analyzing DNA or other biomolecules.
Their new study demonstrates mathematically what happens to stacks of graphene sheets under slight lateral compression—a gentle squeeze from their sides. Rather than forming smooth, gently sloping warps and wrinkles across the surface, the researchers found that layered graphene forms sharp, saw-tooth ridges that turn apparently have interesting electrical properties.
University of Arkansas researchers are working together, with support from the National Institutes of Health, to make that prospect of graphene-based sensors that sequence a patient's genome to predict diseases more realistic. Steve Tung, professor of mechanical engineering, and Jin-Woo Kim, professor of biological engineering, have received a grant (of approximately $400,000) from the NIH's Human Genome Research Institute to develop nanoscale technology designed to make DNA sequencing faster, cheaper and easier.
The base of the research builds on the concept of nanochannel measurement, in which individual strands of DNA pass through a tiny channel. The passage of those strands interrupts an electrical current and a sensor detects the nature of the interruption, telling scientists which nucleotide has passed through the channel.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have used graphene to increase the sensitivity of diagnostic devices, in particular those used to monitor and treat HIV. The team combined a trick of DNA engineering which involves an engineered piece of DNA called a hairpin, with biosensors, increasing the sensitivity of the sensors by a factor of 50,000 in less than an hour.
The biosensorsare made with graphene, and so can be used as an extremely sensitive way of detecting biological signals, measuring the current that flows through graphene surface in the presence of biomolecules. When DNA or RNA molecules bind to the graphene, it produces a big change in the conductivity of the atomically thin material, allowing the researchers to detect infections and to measure viral loads.
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Database administrators work both individually and in collaboration with others in their organization. To become a successful database administrator, individuals must be good at databases, database administration, and also have an understanding of SQL tuning and Oracle RAC.
Database administrators graduate with a variety of different majors. Computer science degrees are significantly more prevalent than management science degrees.
Database administrators work both individually and cross functionally with others in their organizations. The two industries with the most database administrator employees are information technology and services and financial services. computer software is another popular industry, and there are also numerous jobs available in the higher education and hospital & healthcare industries.
Now, what are the top locations recent graduates work at? New York and Chicago are two attractive options for database administrators to find jobs. Alternative cities include Boston, Dallas, and Atlanta.
Install, monitor, and protect databases.
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Since the start of the protests against the provocative and blasphemous film about Muhammad, I have often been contacted by European media as an "expert with Arab or Muslim background". In interviews, the first question usually is, "Ms Salah, why are the Muslims storming Western embassies?" or "Why are the Muslims so angry with the West?"
This kind of question reveals a worrying phenomenon: it suggests that many Western opinion-formers are subject to the same ways of thinking as the radical Islamists and Salafists who are responsible for the violence and for the attacks on the Western institutions. They probably don't mean to be.
All the same, this does not alter the fact that reporting by Western mainstream media on the protests against the film which have taken place in many Muslim-influenced countries has drawn a one-sided and over-simplified picture of the Muslims and the complex reality of their lives. Above all, many reports have made out that radical and violent Islamists are the same as Muslims in general.
The media here in Europe present Islam as is it were one single irrational, aggressive entity. This short-sighted view has little in common with the varieties of Muslim faith, with their supporters, languages, population groups and cultures.
The Western media have a one-sided focus on radical minorities. The political scientist Hoda Salah says they often ignore the fact that the large majority of Muslims rejects this violence and does not take part in "mass demonstrations"
This is the same as the radical Islamists do on the other side. These Muslim bigots also see "The West" as a single cultural and political entity which is united in despising Islam and treating it with disrespect.
In addition, radical Islamists can't (or won't) distinguish between the various Western states, governments, peoples and the fundamentalist film-makers. Both the Western mainstream media and the radical Islamists generalise where they should differentiate – and thus contribute towards the escalation.
Unfortunately, the German public television channels ARD and ZDF are no exception. The main German news bulletin on 14. September captioned the attacks on Western embassies with the words: "Muslims storm US embassies". The main Swiss television news announced that "Muslim anger now knows no bounds". The headlines in the print media across the board were similar.
Just imagine what the reaction would be if international media refused to distinguish in their reporting on attacks against foreigners in Germany between violent right-wing extremists and the German population in general! What would the response here be if foreign newspapers carried headlines like "Germans storm refugee hostels"?
Hoda Salah: "One-sided coverage by the media and their focus on events in the Muslim world, as well as their concentration on the religious factor, produce a distorted picture of reality and promote the Islamisation of the Muslims"
Describing the perpetrators as "the Muslims" is not only incorrect, it is also far from reality. Such a description overlooks the fact that the large majority of Muslims has spoken out clearly against such acts of violence, and that most Muslims were not involved in such "mass demonstrations".
And with regard to the term "mass demonstration": what do 3,000 demonstrators in a city of 20 million like Cairo amount to? Do they represent a majority of the country's Muslims? The reports often demonstrate no sense of proportion.
One-sided coverage by the media and their focus on the events in the Muslim world, as well as their concentration on the religious factor, produce a distorted picture of reality, and promote the Islamisation of the Muslims. And that leads to the danger that, because of their lack of critical reflection on events, media can act as a sounding board for anti-Muslim feelings.
Aside from this one-dimensional view of Muslims, the media's failure to communicate the context of events is the biggest problem in the picture they present. Any serious reporting must take account of political factors such as the current weakness of the state in post-revolutionary Arab countries like Libya and Egypt if one is to present the events clearly and objectively.
But the Western mainstream media reduce the complexity of Muslim and Arab society and the variety of their people to their religious identity. They ignore the global, economic and political causes of the alarming outbreaks of violence in the region.
Journalists who have spoken to me have usually ended the interview by asking questions like, "Ms Salah, how can we describe you? Are you Muslim or Christian?" That annoys me, and I always answer, "Would you ask such a question of a German political scientist?"
I refuse to play this media game. I wish to be known firstly as a "strong Muslim woman", and secondly as an "enlightened Muslim" who rejects violence on principle.
Such black-and-white images damage the multiculturalism and richness of people with so-called multiple identities, to whom the media deliberately only allow one identity – that of the Muslim!
The German-Egyptian political scientist Hoda Salah teaches at the Free University and the Otto Suhr Institute in Berlin. She works as a political adviser in Germany and Egypt, and is active in Amnesty International and the Arab Women's Solidarity Association. She lives in Berlin and Cairo.
Don't call me Muslim, I'm a Muslim...?!
I don't understand. Hoda Salah says she doesn't want to be called Muslim and be referred to as Muslim all the time, then she says, "I'm a Muslim woman", and "I'm an enlightened Muslim". I thought she was trying to get away from that 'tag', then she confirms it. She has to make up her mind.
Ah, it's the typical "Don't stigmatize us/me" tune - boy, have I heard that song before. Of course western media write up Muslim fury - because IT IS Muslim fury. And of course not ALL Muslims are crazy because of that but those who ran amuck DID run amuck. It's a bit pathetic to decry the lack of differentiation of western media - because, after all: people were killed by religious madmen. Why doesn't she criticize religious fanaticism? Like I said, it's quite pathetic and self-pitying. If you really are "enlightened", then please talk about this culture of fanaticism instead of pittying yourself.
Instead of blaming western media, Mrs. Saleh should talk about Muslim furor and violence. I'm surprised a balanced media outlet like quantara published a low-qualitiy piece such as this one.
Hoda Salah is right - the West is using this event to portray Muslims as radicals, and the media is making no exception. They don't care that it was only a supersmall minority that was rioting.
All those folks ever do is burning flags, always hooded-no women to be seen and my dear strong Muslim women try to express your enlightened vision in Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Pakistan and all those hell holes on earth!
This article is the definition of a "contradiction".
I saw what was announced to be fragments of this movie but could as well be the entire work. Surely if the maker got bankrolled for the amount stated -4 million dollars- then the sponsors got ripped. The technical quality of the interior scenes was a total failure. As for the exterior scenes -with Muslim cavalry- you saw clearly vehicle tracks in the sand!!!
I do not understand how honest Muslims can react to this with anything than a burst of laughter.
~ IT WOULD BE LOVELY TO SEE & HEAR MUSLIMS IN THE MEDIA & THE PUBLIC EYE VOICING THEIR OPIONS! The non-muslims in the west want to hear from us. They seek confirmation that not everyone of us if seething full of hatred & racism. SPEAK UP!
Who to against the terrorist that use the name of Islamic?
Secondly, why I never ever heard any Muslim leaders to stand up and against the terrorist? Even them use the name of Allah to kill, or it is acceptable to use violence? I don't believe any religion will ever teach people to kill, what is the base line of religion... suicide them-self or forgiven to the enemy.
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Description: Viveka is a woman in her early thirties, that possesses a slightly motherly look to her. A touch weathered, and worn, and yet she is stoic and stalwart, the youthful beauty having smoothed some over the years to something more mature and refined. Her pale wheat blonde hair, has been left long and a touch wild. Locks of it braided into tiny braids that have been decorated here and there with intricately carved beads. Blue-green eyes offer a window to the intelligence within the woman, and the depth of strength and compassion she holds. On the taller side, with a statuesque form, that shows a quiet confidence.
Personality: Stoic, Compassionate, Matronly. Are all words one could use to describe Viveka, she rarely smiles widely, but her quiet warm smiles are gems to be earned. Protective, fierce at heart, she has a mind of her own, and is often willing to share that with you, whether she thinks you want it or not. She can be exceptionally compassionate, but never take that kindness for a weakness. Though a lot of it is dampened by the grief that clings to her.
Background: Born a thrall, she comes from a thrall family, who years and years ago was a minor noble house that had fallen and was taken and claimed by Thrax. The women of the Wojciech family made a long line of wise women, local healers, and keepers of hearth wisdom; knowledge and teachings that were passed down from mother to daughter, and so forth. A practice that was shared among the women folk. While Viveka did not go to any fancy academies, her grandmother's and mother's teachings, and her history and experience as a healer has served her well, and she is well renowned from the Isles she is from for being an exceptionally talented healer. She has always been a devoted follower of Lagoma, who like her foremothers before her, holds a very special place in her heart.
Her husband Stevik was a ship captain for one of the various ships within the Thrax armada, and her oldest son, Marinus, was his First mate, and her other son, Rolf, served on the same ship as his brother and father. All of them died during the battle against the Gyre, leaving Viveka bereft from the loss of her husband, and her children. The grief of it still clings tightly to the woman.
With no family left, and deeply grieving from her loss, she has left Maelstrom, needing to not be near that which is familiar. As such, she's moved to Arx, to throw herself into healing and assisting others, perhaps as a way to help her deal with her own grief; needing to keep herself busy. She seeks to assist Thrax, as well as Arx in the coming days, to help heal and bolster those in need. To kindle a new hearth, and share her knowledge that she learn from her foremothers, with other like minded people. And just maybe, to start again.
Amund She's nice. Thoughtful and a Mercy. From Escuma. A place I've heard of, but never been to. Maybe she has tales to tell.
Sophie Mercy Viveka is a welcome addition to the Mercies of Arx, and I have decided to take her under my wing and make her my protege. There are great things ahead for her, and for the Mercies.
Turo It's always good to spend time with someone from Escuma, and a healer is always worth knowing, just in case.
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How can I help my children get through challenging situations?
Children and (most) teens need help to make sense of challenging experiences such as the deployment of a parent. They don’t have the skills yet to work through their feelings on their own, and that’s where parents (or other caregivers) come in.
One method is to talk through your child’s experience and understand it from his or her point of view. Ask open-ended questions such as: “How did you feel when you found out that Dad/Mom was going to be deployed?” Or later in the deployment cycle: “Do you feel different now that Dad/Mom has been gone a while?” Don’t ask questions that supply the answer or can be answered “yes” or “no” (“Are you upset that Dad is away?”).
The amount you talk depends on your children’s ages, of course, as well as their desire to share what they’re feeling. If they don’t feel like talking, don’t force them to. Just let them know you’re available.
And finally: Don’t argue with what your child is feeling. Just let him or her know you’re trying to understand.
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Find a Drug Rehab Center near me in Bryan, TX.
If someone wants to get the most from rehab in drug rehab in Bryan, they must also be willing to put the most into it. Which means the most convenient and brief rehab option isn't always the very best, which explains why individuals experience below optimum results when taking part in outpatient rehab in Bryan, Texas or comparable facilities. Rehab takes commitment, effort and time, plus it isn't always an easy process but a gratifying one if an individual is in a treatment facility in Bryan which gives a comprehensive approach, a healthy change of environment, and the amount of time necessary on an individual basis. Every individual and their rehab process in rehabilitation can come with its very own unique problems, so you can never really place a time frame into it. This is why long-term inpatient and residential alcohol and drug rehabilitation centers in Bryan are actually the most beneficial and effective facilities, given that they meet most of these criteria and provide an individual with the ideal opportunity to experience a full recovery.
There are several inpatient and residential programs to select from in Bryan, Texas, and individuals don't need to rely on options which may possibly not have helped them in the past. A lot of people believe 12-step is the only helpful method, or that disease model centers provide the best results. This isn't always the situation, and there are also many alternative facilities in Bryan that have equally as effective or even more effective treatment plans which can be a refreshing idea for anyone who has failed at many attempts to get sober previously through traditional programs. So don't settle for something which hasn't helped you, and try a drug rehabilitation program in Bryan which makes sense for your unique circumstance.
Household and Income Statistics in: Bryan, TX.
Brazos Valley Council on Alc and SA is a Drug and Alcohol Rehab, Long-Term Drug Rehab that can be reached at 979-823-5300. They specialize in Treatment for Women, Treatment for Men, Assistance For Hearing Impaired and accept the following forms of payment: Various Payment Options - Contact Facility.
They are located at 405 West 28th Street Bryan, TX. 77803.
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To make simple chicken opor, for people who have made it possible it is very easy to do, but for people who have never made it, to make simple opor ayam is a very difficult thing to do.
How do you make delicious and special chicken opor?
An easy way to make chicken opor is delicious, can it be learned?
How do you make this simple chicken opor?
Is it difficult to learn about how to make delicious and special chicken opor?
What are the ingredients needed to make special and delicious opor ayam?
How long does it take to make special chicken opor?
1. The first step, wash the chicken until it is completely clean, then cut it into about 19 pieces, add lime and salt, let stand for about 6 minutes, then wash the chicken again, then fry the chicken until half cooked.
2. The step is to burn ginger, shrimp paste, turmeric and candlenut, then set aside.
3. Blend the ingredients such as garlic, onion and ingredients that have been burned before, after being completely smooth then set aside.
4. Squeeze the coconut milk from grated coconut mixed with 1 liter of water, then set aside.
5. Pour a little cooking oil over the skillet and heat, add the smooth seasoning and saute until it has a delicious smell, add the chicken meat and pour the coconut milk, stir gently. Then add orange leaves, sugar, lemongrass and salt. Stir for a while then taste it. If there are less flavors, ingredients can be added.
6. Cook for a while until the coconut milk decreases and shrinks. Then lift it up.
7. Serve the chicken opor in the serving bowl, so that the chicken opor is more delicious to sprinkle using ingredients such as fried shallots, red chili sauce, fried crackers and peanut sauce.
So how to make delicious and special opor chicken, with the recipe, hopefully you can learn to make opor chicken deliciously right, if you are still confused about how to make this delicious and simple opor chicken, you can also look for other references to learn more about how to make delicious opor ayam correctly, keep learning about how to make this delicious chicken oor, so that you are more proficient, and if you are already proficient at making this simple chicken opor, then your homemade chicken opor will be more delicious and liked by many people.
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Has the age of so-called "2D" programming drawn to a close? Certainly for some genres the twilight has come -- a designer suggesting a side-scrolling adventure game would likely have just recovered from a long coma. But for other categories, a 3D environment is not an easy fit. Titles such as Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri (and his Civilization series), the Age of Empires games, Talonsoft's Operational Art of War series, and the entire Red Alert series all use a 2D interface and map to good effect. That is not to say everything must look flat, for instance Age of Empires 2 and Red Alert 2 make use of detailed graphics for units, buildings, and landscape that have the appearance of depth. However, this does not change the fact that they are still 2D game engines. More than that, it can be strongly argued that a move to a "full 3D" environment would reduce the quality of gameplay on these products. For instance, Sierra's Ground Control could be considered the 3D evolution of the RTS concept, yet it was Red Alert 2 that beat it out to win IGN's recent Readers Choice Award for Best Strategy Game of 2000.
Having determined that the opportunities for a 2D engine are still alive and well, PC programmers are currently facing three problems: first, Microsoft's recently released DirectX update has focused all its new API development into the area of 3D support; next, game players are clamoring for higher graphics quality and special effects; and finally, there is a substantial learning curve for a 2D programmer to move to the world of 3D graphics APIs such as Direct3D and OpenGL. Yet the newest release of Microsoft's DirectX, version 8, offers some features to help make the transition a bit easier.
The king of 2D graphics concepts is the sprite. At its very simplest, a 2D engine is capable of drawing a background image and then drawing individual graphic objects -- sprites -- onto that image. The use of color-keying allows a specific color in a sprite to be considered transparent, which allows sprites to be any irregular shape. And the use of a series of sprites to represent an object, for instance a number of different facings of a unit, allow the simulation of animation and action when they are drawn in sequence. The fundamental programming process for 2D graphics is the blit -- bit block transfer -- which is used to move the bit image of a sprite onto the display area. Finally, to provide a smooth transition of the display from frame to frame, graphics operations (primarily blits) are usually done to a back buffer, which is basically a working copy of the screen area. Once the frame is complete, the back buffer is flipped to the display area (front buffer), and the next frame begins from scratch. Almost everything else in 2D graphics is built on these base concepts.
In DirectX, Microsoft provided a capable (but sometimes limited) interface for 2D graphics which they called DirectDraw. This API provided all the basics that a 2D engine required. A DIRECTDRAWSURFACE is used to represent both raw-data graphic surfaces (filled with background images or sprites) and the primary display surface (front and back buffers). Most of these surfaces could be in either video memory or system memory (with the exception of the active front buffer of the display, which is of course always in video memory). The DirectDraw Blt() command is used to move images or portions of images around between surfaces. While there is not any specific support for sprites as a unique object in DirectX, it is a trivial matter to create a library to split one large surface into an array of rectangular cells for use as sprite objects. Take a look at some of the data files on disk used by many commercial games and you'll find these graphic "template" files of object sprites.
The DirectDraw Blt() function handles color keying and also provides support for a few more advanced options such as mirroring, stretching, and shrinking of bitmaps. These features, however, are often driver-dependent and are supported to different extents on different video hardware, providing inconsistent results if used. A simplified code snippet of drawing a frame in DirectDraw is provided in Listing 1.
The entire Red Alert series all use a 2D interface and map to good effect. That is not to say everything must look flat, for instance, Red Alert 2 makes use of detailed graphics for units, buildings, and landscape that have the appearance of depth.
"What happened to DirectDraw? Much of the functionality of DirectDraw has now been subsumed into the new Direct3D 8 interfaces. Developers working on purely 2D applications may wish to continue using the old DirectX 7 interfaces. Developers working on 3D applications with some 2D elements are encouraged to use Direct3D alternatives (point sprites and billboard textures, for example) as this will result in improved performance and flexibility."
While this is the official line, there are a few problems with this answer that cause confusion among 2D programmers looking to port their code to the latest API. First, it is misleading to say that "much of the functionality of DirectDraw" has been included in the new Direct3D 8 (possibly explaining their use of the uncommon word "subsumed"). Most significantly, there is no longer a blit command or equivalent function. Early in the beta process of DirectX 8, developers looked at new functions such as CopyRects() to provide some blit features but these lack necessary support for important capabilities such as color keying. Point Sprites, a new feature in DirectX 8, are technically quite limited and do not provide required functionality. That leaves "billboard textures," a concept with little information in the DirectX SDK and no provided examples for a 2D programmer to follow.
There is, however, the carrot at the end of the stick: "improved performance and flexibility." Clearly DirectX 8 is designed to get the most out of modern video cards, utilizing all the hardware acceleration available. Scaling, rotation, and most importantly alpha blending are all standard features with 3D graphics, and all hardware-supported. Alpha blending was defined in the DirectDraw Blt() function, but listed as "Feature Unsupported in DirectX 7," leaving programmers wishing to use this feature quite unsatisfied. So, how can a 2D programmer take advantage of these DirectX 8 features?
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Lightning detector at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
A lightning detector is a device that detects lightning produced by thunderstorms. There are three primary types of detectors: ground-based systems using multiple antennas, mobile systems using a direction and a sense antenna in the same location (often aboard an aircraft), and space-based systems.
The first such device was invented in 1894 by Alexander Stepanovich Popov. It also was the first radio receiver in the world.
Ground-based and mobile detectors calculate the direction and severity of lightning from the current location using radio direction-finding techniques along with an analysis of the characteristic frequencies emitted by lightning. Ground-based systems use triangulation from multiple locations to determine distance, while mobile systems estimate distance using signal frequency and attenuation. Space-based detectors on satellites can be used to locate lightning range, bearing and intensity by direct observation.
Ground-based lightning detector networks are used by meteorological services like the National Weather Service in the United States, the Meteorological Service of Canada, the European Cooperation for Lightning Detection, the Institute for Ubiquitous Meteorology (Ubimet) and by other organizations like electrical utilities and forest fire prevention services.
A ground-based lightning network must be able to detect a flash with at least three antennas to locate it with an acceptable margin of error. This often leads to the rejection of cloud-to-cloud lightning, as one antenna might detect the position of the flash on the starting cloud and the other antenna the receiving one. As a result, ground-based networks have a tendency to underestimate the number of flashes, especially at the beginning of storms where cloud-to-cloud lightning is prevalent.
Since they use attenuation rather than triangulation, mobile detectors sometimes mistakenly indicate a weak lightning flash nearby as a strong one further away, or vice versa.
Space-based lightning networks suffer from neither of these limitations, but the information provided by them is often several minutes old by the time it is widely available, making it of limited use for real-time applications such as air navigation.
Lightning detectors and weather radar work together to detect storms. Lightning detectors indicate electrical activity, while weather radar indicates precipitation. Both phenomena are associated with thunderstorms and can help indicate storm strength.
Air is moving upward due to instability.
Condensation occurs and radar detects echoes above the ground (colored areas).
Eventually the mass of rain drops is too large to be sustained by the updraft and they fall toward the ground.
The cloud must develop to a certain vertical extent before lightning is produced, so generally weather radar will indicate a developing storm before a lightning detector does. It is not always clear from early returns if a shower cloud will develop into a thunderstorm, and weather radar also sometimes suffers from a masking effect by attenuation, where precipitation close to the radar can hide (perhaps more intense) precipitation further away. Lightning detectors do not suffer from a masking effect and can provide confirmation when a shower cloud has evolved into a thunderstorm.
Lightning may be also located outside the precipitation recorded by radar. The second image shows that this happens when strikes originate in the anvil of the thundercloud (top part blown ahead of the cumulonimbus cloud by upper winds) or on the outside edge of the rain shaft. In both cases, there is still an area of radar echoes somewhere nearby.
Large airliners are more likely to use weather radar than lightning detectors, since weather radar can detect smaller storms that also cause turbulence; however, modern avionics systems often include lightning detection as well, for additional safety.
For smaller aircraft, especially in general aviation, there are two main brands of lightning detectors (often referred to as sferics, short for radio atmospherics): Stormscope, produced originally by Ryan (later B.F. Goodrich) and currently by L-3 Communications, and the Strikefinder, produced by Insight. Strikefinder can detect and properly display IC (intracloud) and CG (cloud to ground) strikes as well as being able to differentiate between real strikes and signal bounces reflected off the Ionosphere. Lightning detectors are inexpensive and lightweight, making them attractive to owners of light aircraft (particularly of single-engine aircraft, where the aircraft nose is not available for installation of a radome).
False signal elimination: A lightning discharge generates both a radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic signal – commonly experienced as "static" on an AM radio – and very short duration light pulses, comprising the visible "flash". A lightning detector that works by sensing just one of these signals may misinterpret signals coming from sources other than lightning, giving a false alarm. Specifically, RF-based detectors may misinterpret RF noise, also known as RF Interference or RFI. Such signals are generated by many common environmental sources, such as auto ignitions, fluorescent lights, TV sets, light switches, electric motors, and high voltage wires. Likewise, light-flash-based detectors may misinterpret flickering light generated in the environment, such as reflections from windows, sunlight through tree leaves, passing cars, TV sets, and fluorescent lights.
However, since RF signals and light pulses rarely occur simultaneously except when produced by lightning, RF sensors and light pulse sensors can usefully be connected in a “coincidence circuit” which requires both kinds of signals simultaneously in order to produce an output. If such a system is pointed toward a cloud and lightning occurs in that cloud, both signals will be received; the coincidence circuit will produce an output; and the user can be sure the cause was lightning. When a lightning discharge occurs within a cloud at night, the entire cloud appears to illuminate. In daylight these intracloud flashes are rarely visible to the human eye; nevertheless, optical sensors can detect them. Looking through the window of the space shuttle in early missions, astronauts used optical sensors to detect lightning in bright sunlit clouds far below. This application led to development of the dual signal portable lightning detector which utilizes light flashes as well as the “sferics” signals detected by previous devices.
Improved Sensitivity: In the past, lightning detectors, both inexpensive portable ones for use on the ground and expensive aircraft systems, detected low frequency radiation because at low frequencies the signals generated by cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning are stronger (have higher amplitude) and thus are easier to detect. However, RF noise is also stronger at low frequencies. To minimize RF noise reception, low-frequency sensors are operated at low sensitivity (signal reception threshold) and thus do not detect less intense lightning signals. This reduces the ability to detect lightning at longer distances since signal intensity decreases with the square of distance. It also reduces detection of intracloud (IC) flashes which generally are weaker than CG flashes.
Enhanced Intracloud Lightning Detection: The addition of an optical sensor and coincidence circuit not only eliminates false alarms caused by RF noise; it also allows the RF sensor to be operated at higher sensitivity and to sense higher frequencies characteristic of IC lightning and enable the weaker high frequency components of IC signals and more distant flashes to be detected.
Microburst prediction: IC flash detection also provides a method for predicting microbursts.:46–47 The updraft in convective cells starts to become electrified when it reaches altitudes sufficiently cold so that mixed phase hydrometeors (water and ice particles) can exist in the same volume. Electrification occurs due to collisions between ice particles and water drops or water coated ice particles. The lighter ice particles (snow) are charged positively and carried to the upper portion of the cloud leaving behind the negatively charged water drops in the central part of the cloud.:6014 These two charge centers create an electric field leading to lightning formation. The updraft continues until all the liquid water is converted to ice, which releases latent heat driving the updraft. When all the water is converted, the updraft collapses rapidly as does the lightning rate. Thus the increase in lightning rate to a large value, mostly due to IC discharges, followed by a rapid dropoff in rate provides a characteristic signal of the collapse of the updraft which carries particles downward in a downburst. When the ice particles reach warmer temperatures near cloudbase they melt causing atmospheric cooling; likewise, the water drops evaporate, also causing cooling. This cooling increases air density which is the driving force for microbursts. The cool air in “gust fronts” often experienced near thunderstorms is caused by this mechanism.
Storm identification/tracking: Some thunderstorms, identified by IC detection and observation, make no CG flashes and would not be detected with a CG sensing system. IC flashes also are many times as frequent :192 as CG so provide a more robust signal. The relative high density (number per unit area) of IC flashes allows convective cells to be identified when mapping lightning whereas CG lightning are too few and far between to identify cells which typically are about 5 km in diameter. In the late stages of a storm the CG flash activity subsides and the storm may appear to have ended—but generally there still is IC activity going on in the residue mid-altitude and higher cirrus anvil clouds, so the potential for CG lightning still exists.
Storm intensity quantification: Another advantage of IC detection is that the flash rate (number per minute) is proportional to the 5th power of the convective velocity of the updrafts in the thundercloud.:6018–6019 This non-linear response means that a small change in cloud height, hardly observable on radar, would be accompanied by a large change in flash rate. For example, a hardly noticeable 10% increase in cloud height (a measure of storm severity) would have a 60% change in total flash rate, which is easily observed. “Total lightning” is both the generally invisible (in daylight) IC flashes that stay within the cloud as well as the generally visible CG flashes that can be seen extending from cloud base to ground. Because most of the total lightning is from IC flashes, this ability to quantify storm intensity occurs mostly through detection of IC discharges. Lightning detectors that sense only low frequency energy detect only IC flashes that are nearby, so they are relatively inefficient for predicting microbursts and quantifying convective intensity.
Tornado Prediction: Severe storms that produce tornadoes are known to have very high lightning rates:51 and most lightning from the deepest convective clouds is IC, therefore the ability to detect IC lightning provides a method for identifying clouds with high tornado potential.
When an RF lightning signal is detected at a single location, one can determine its direction using a crossed-loop magnetic direction finder but it is difficult to determine its distance. Attempts have been made using the amplitude of the signal but this does not work very well because lightning signals greatly vary in their intensity. Thus, using amplitude for distance estimation, a strong flash may appear to be nearby and a weaker signal from the same flash – or from a weaker flash from the same storm cell – appears to be farther away. One can tell where lightning will strike within a mile radius by measuring ionization in the air to improve the accuracy of the prediction.
To understand this aspect of lightning detection one needs to know that a lightning 'flash' generally consists of several strokes, a typical number of strokes from a CG flash is in the range 3 to 6 but some flashes can have more than 10 strokes. :18 The initial stroke leaves an ionized path from the cloud to ground and subsequent 'return strokes', separated by an interval of about 50 milliseconds, go up that channel. The complete discharge sequence is typically about ½ second in duration while the duration of the individual strokes varies greatly between 100 nanoseconds and a few tens of microseconds. The strokes in a CG flash can be seen at night as a non-periodic sequence of illuminations of the lightning channel. This can also be heard on sophisticated lightning detectors as individual staccato sounds for each stroke, forming a distinctive pattern.
Single sensor lightning detectors have been used on aircraft and while the lightning direction can be determined from a crossed loop sensor, the distance can not be determined reliably because the signal amplitude varies between the individual strokes described above, :115 and these systems use amplitude to estimate distance. Because the strokes have different amplitudes, these detectors provide a line of dots on the display like spokes on a wheel extending out radially from the hub in the general direction of the lightning source. The dots are at different distances along the line because the strokes have different intensities. These characteristic lines of dots in such sensor displays are called “radial spread”. These sensors operate in the very low frequency (VLF) and low frequency (LF) range (below 300 kHz) which provides the strongest lightning signals: those generated by return strokes from the ground. But unless the sensor is close to the flash they do not pick up the weaker signals from IC discharges which have a significant amount of energy in the high frequency (HF) range (up to 30 MHz).
The Earth-ionosphere waveguide traps electromagnetic VLF- and ELF waves. Electromagnetic pulses transmitted by lightning strikes propagate within that waveguide. The waveguide is dispersive, which means that their group velocity depends on frequency. The difference of the group time delay of a lighting pulse at adjacent frequencies is proportional to the distance between transmitter and receiver. Together with the direction finding method, this allows locating lightning strikes by a single station up to distances of 10000 km from their origin. Moreover, the eigenfrequencies of the Earth-ionospheric waveguide, the Schumann resonances at about 7.5 Hz, are used to determine the global thunderstorm activity.
Because of the difficulty in obtaining distance to lightning with a single sensor, the only current reliable method for positioning lightning is through interconnected networks of spaced sensors covering an area of the Earth’s surface using time-of-arrival differences between the sensors and/or crossed-bearings from different sensors. Several such national networks currently operating in the U.S. can provide the position of CG flashes but currently cannot reliably detect and position IC flashes. There are a few small area networks (such as Kennedy Space Center's LDAR network, one of whose sensors is pictured at the top of this article) that have VHF time of arrival systems and can detect and position IC flashes. These are called lightning mapper arrays. They typically cover a circle 30–40 miles in diameter.
^ Richard Kithil (2006). "An Overview of Lightning Detection Equipment". National Lightning Safety Institute. Retrieved 2006-07-07.
^ Brook, M.; N. Kitagawa (1960). "Electric-Field Changes and the Design of Lightning-Flash Counters". Journal of Geophysical Research. 65 (7): 1927–1930. Bibcode:1960JGR....65.1927B. doi:10.1029/JZ065i007p01927.
^ a b MacGorman, Donald R.; Rust, W. David (1998). The Electrical Nature of Storms. Oxford University Press, NY. ISBN 978-0-19-507337-9.
^ a b Williams, Earle R. (1995). "Meteorological aspects of thunderstorms". In Volland, Hans (ed.). Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics, Vol. 1. CRC Press, Boca Raton. ISBN 978-0-8493-8647-3.
^ a b Williams, Earle R. (1985). "Large scale charge separation in thunderclouds". Journal of Geophysical Research. 90 (D4): 6013. Bibcode:1985JGR....90.6013W. doi:10.1029/jd090id04p06013.
^ Yoshida, Satoru; Takeshi Morimoto; Tomoo Ushio & ZenIchiro Kawasaki (2009). "A fifth-power relationship for lightning activity from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite observations". Journal of Geophysical Research. 114 (D9): D09104. Bibcode:2009JGRD..114.9104Y. doi:10.1029/2008jd010370.
^ Vonnegut, Bernard; Moore, C.B. (1957). "Electrical activity associated with the Blackwell-Udall tornado". Journal of Meteorology. 14 (3): 284–285. Bibcode:1957JAtS...14..284M. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1957)014<0284:EAAWTB>2.0.CO;2.
^ Vonnegut, Bernard; James R. Weyer (1966-09-09). "Luminous phenomena in nocturnal tornadoes". Science. 153 (3741): 1213–1220. Bibcode:1966Sci...153.1213V. doi:10.1126/science.153.3741.1213. PMID 17754241.
^ a b Uman, Martin A. (1987). The Lightning Discharge. Academic Press, N.Y. ISBN 978-0-12-708350-6.
^ WX-500 Stormscope Series II Weather Mapping Sensor User's Guide (PDF). BF Goodrich Avionics Systems, Inc. 1997. pp. 4–2, 4–7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-21.
^ Golde, Rudolf H. (1977). Lightning, Vol. 1. Academic Press, N.Y. p. 368. ISBN 978-0-12-287801-5.
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Describe the type of student who should attend Brigham Young University-Idaho. Why?
Despite being known as a strictly Mormon-only university, students who are not members of our church are more than welcome to come to any of the BYU campuses! Students who love friendly, welcoming atmospheres, as well as small classes that allow more personal interaction with teachers, would love this university.
I would say that you definitely have to be religious, because it is a religious based school, you don't have to be a member of the church that is associated with the school, but you do have to maintain the same standards of morality as the church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints.
A Person that is disciplined should attend Brigham Young University-Idaho. I say that because they are strict on the rules and the honor code. Students who are looking to make something of there lives and not just going to college to party should go here. it is an excellent school and has great programs.
Students who attend Brigham Young University-Idaho should be hardworking and have high moral standards. This is a religious university associated with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, therefore its students should uphold the values and beliefs of the church.
Brigham Young University-Idaho students are passionate about their education and about helping their fellow students to succeeded as well. This school provides a great atmosphere for students to be able to work together and learn from one another. The class sizes are generally smaller so there is a lot more individual help from professors. There is also free tutoring provided for each specific course. A student who chooses to go to Brigham Young University-Idaho is a student who has a desire to work hard and to have success in their education.
I've always had ambition for getting further educated, gaining as much knowledge and learning as I can to benefit myself and others. Specifically speaking, gaining and improving talents and skills that can help me to become a better wife and mother and overall person in general. I strongly believe that Heavenly Father wants us to reach our potential and that's what I intend on doing. I plan to get certified as a personal trainer and in so doing, majoring in exercise science/physiology to help my succeed in that profession while getting further educated.
The type of student should attend BYU-Idaho is the type of student who loves learning. A student who goes to class every day eager to gain wisdom and knowledge imparted by someone they respect. BYU-Idaho students are people who are committed to their faith and to serving others. BYU-Idaho students smile at and give compliments to people they have never met. They are kind and respectful, clean and wholesome.
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For other uses, see Ethics (disambiguation).
Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concerns matters of value, and thus comprises the branch of philosophy called axiology.
Ethics seeks to resolve questions of human morality by defining concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice and crime. As a field of intellectual inquiry, moral philosophy also is related to the fields of moral psychology, descriptive ethics, and value theory.
The English word "ethics" is derived from the Ancient Greek word ēthikós (ἠθικός), meaning "relating to one's character", which itself comes from the root word êthos (ἦθος) meaning "character, moral nature". This was borrowed into Latin as ethica and then into French as éthique, from which it was borrowed into English.
Rushworth Kidder states that "standard definitions of ethics have typically included such phrases as 'the science of the ideal human character' or 'the science of moral duty'". Richard William Paul and Linda Elder define ethics as "a set of concepts and principles that guide us in determining what behavior helps or harms sentient creatures". The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy states that the word "ethics" is "commonly used interchangeably with 'morality' ... and sometimes it is used more narrowly to mean the moral principles of a particular tradition, group or individual." Paul and Elder state that most people confuse ethics with behaving in accordance with social conventions, religious beliefs and the law and don't treat ethics as a stand-alone concept.
The word ethics in English refers to several things. It can refer to philosophical ethics or moral philosophy—a project that attempts to use reason to answer various kinds of ethical questions. As the English philosopher Bernard Williams writes, attempting to explain moral philosophy: "What makes an inquiry a philosophical one is reflective generality and a style of argument that claims to be rationally persuasive." Williams describes the content of this area of inquiry as addressing the very broad question, "how one should live". Ethics can also refer to a common human ability to think about ethical problems that is not particular to philosophy. As bioethicist Larry Churchill has written: "Ethics, understood as the capacity to think critically about moral values and direct our actions in terms of such values, is a generic human capacity." Ethics can also be used to describe a particular person's own idiosyncratic principles or habits. For example: "Joe has strange ethics."
Meta-ethics is the branch of philosophical ethics that asks how we understand, know about, and what we mean when we talk about what is right and what is wrong. An ethical question pertaining to a particular practical situation—such as, "Should I eat this particular piece of chocolate cake?"—cannot be a meta-ethical question (rather, this is an applied ethical question). A meta-ethical question is abstract and relates to a wide range of more specific practical questions. For example, "Is it ever possible to have secure knowledge of what is right and wrong?" is a meta-ethical question.
Meta-ethics has always accompanied philosophical ethics. For example, Aristotle implies that less precise knowledge is possible in ethics than in other spheres of inquiry, and he regards ethical knowledge as depending upon habit and acculturation in a way that makes it distinctive from other kinds of knowledge. Meta-ethics is also important in G.E. Moore's Principia Ethica from 1903. In it he first wrote about what he called the naturalistic fallacy. Moore was seen to reject naturalism in ethics, in his Open Question Argument. This made thinkers look again at second order questions about ethics. Earlier, the Scottish philosopher David Hume had put forward a similar view on the difference between facts and values.
Studies of how we know in ethics divide into cognitivism and non-cognitivism; this is quite akin to the thing called descriptive and non-descriptive. Non-cognitivism is the view that when we judge something as morally right or wrong, this is neither true nor false. We may, for example, be only expressing our emotional feelings about these things. Cognitivism can then be seen as the claim that when we talk about right and wrong, we are talking about matters of fact.
The ontology of ethics is about value-bearing things or properties, i.e. the kind of things or stuff referred to by ethical propositions. Non-descriptivists and non-cognitivists believe that ethics does not need a specific ontology since ethical propositions do not refer. This is known as an anti-realist position. Realists, on the other hand, must explain what kind of entities, properties or states are relevant for ethics, how they have value, and why they guide and motivate our actions.
Normative ethics is the study of ethical action. It is the branch of ethics that investigates the set of questions that arise when considering how one ought to act, morally speaking. Normative ethics is distinct from meta-ethics because normative ethics examines standards for the rightness and wrongness of actions, while meta-ethics studies the meaning of moral language and the metaphysics of moral facts. Normative ethics is also distinct from descriptive ethics, as the latter is an empirical investigation of people's moral beliefs. To put it another way, descriptive ethics would be concerned with determining what proportion of people believe that killing is always wrong, while normative ethics is concerned with whether it is correct to hold such a belief. Hence, normative ethics is sometimes called prescriptive, rather than descriptive. However, on certain versions of the meta-ethical view called moral realism, moral facts are both descriptive and prescriptive at the same time.
Traditionally, normative ethics (also known as moral theory) was the study of what makes actions right and wrong. These theories offered an overarching moral principle one could appeal to in resolving difficult moral decisions.
At the turn of the 20th century, moral theories became more complex and were no longer concerned solely with rightness and wrongness, but were interested in many different kinds of moral status. During the middle of the century, the study of normative ethics declined as meta-ethics grew in prominence. This focus on meta-ethics was in part caused by an intense linguistic focus in analytic philosophy and by the popularity of logical positivism.
Aristotle (384–323 BC) posited an ethical system that may be termed "virtuous". In Aristotle's view, when a person acts in accordance with virtue this person will do good and be content. Unhappiness and frustration are caused by doing wrong, leading to failed goals and a poor life. Therefore, it is imperative for people to act in accordance with virtue, which is only attainable by the practice of the virtues in order to be content and complete. Happiness was held to be the ultimate goal. All other things, such as civic life or wealth, were only made worthwhile and of benefit when employed in the practice of the virtues. The practice of the virtues is the surest path to happiness.
Aristotle asserted that the soul of man had three natures: body (physical/metabolism), animal (emotional/appetite), and rational (mental/conceptual). Physical nature can be assuaged through exercise and care; emotional nature through indulgence of instinct and urges; and mental nature through human reason and developed potential. Rational development was considered the most important, as essential to philosophical self-awareness and as uniquely human. Moderation was encouraged, with the extremes seen as degraded and immoral. For example, courage is the moderate virtue between the extremes of cowardice and recklessness. Man should not simply live, but live well with conduct governed by virtue. This is regarded as difficult, as virtue denotes doing the right thing, in the right way, at the right time, for the right reason.
Modern virtue ethics was popularized during the late 20th century in large part as a response to G.E.M. Anscombe's "Modern Moral Philosophy". Anscombe argues that consequentialist and deontological ethics are only feasible as universal theories if the two schools ground themselves in divine law. As a deeply devoted Christian herself, Anscombe proposed that either those who do not give ethical credence to notions of divine law take up virtue ethics, which does not necessitate universal laws as agents themselves are investigated for virtue or vice and held up to "universal standards", or that those who wish to be utilitarian or consequentialist ground their theories in religious conviction. Alasdair MacIntyre, who wrote the book After Virtue, was a key contributor and proponent of modern virtue ethics, although some claim that MacIntyre supports a relativistic account of virtue based on cultural norms, not objective standards. Martha Nussbaum, a contemporary virtue ethicist, objects to MacIntyre's relativism, among that of others, and responds to relativist objections to form an objective account in her work "Non-Relative Virtues: An Aristotelian Approach". However, Nussbaum's accusation of relativism appears to be a misreading. In Whose Justice, Whose Rationality?, MacIntyre's ambition of taking a rational path beyond relativism was quite clear when he stated "rival claims made by different traditions […] are to be evaluated […] without relativism" (p. 354) because indeed "rational debate between and rational choice among rival traditions is possible” (p. 352). Complete Conduct Principles for the 21st Century blended the Eastern virtue ethics and the Western virtue ethics, with some modifications to suit the 21st Century, and formed a part of contemporary virtue ethics.
Ethical intuitionism (also called moral intuitionism) is a family of views in moral epistemology (and, on some definitions, metaphysics). At minimum, ethical intuitionism is the thesis that our intuitive awareness of value, or intuitive knowledge of evaluative facts, forms the foundation of our ethical knowledge.
The view is at its core a foundationalism about moral knowledge: it is the view that some moral truths can be known non-inferentially (i.e., known without one needing to infer them from other truths one believes). Such an epistemological view implies that there are moral beliefs with propositional contents; so it implies cognitivism. As such, ethical intuitionism is to be contrasted with coherentist approaches to moral epistemology, such as those that depend on reflective equilibrium.
Throughout the philosophical literature, the term "ethical intuitionism" is frequently used with significant variation in its sense. This article's focus on foundationalism reflects the core commitments of contemporary self-identified ethical intuitionists.
Sufficiently broadly defined, ethical intuitionism can be taken to encompass cognitivist forms of moral sense theory. It is usually furthermore taken as essential to ethical intuitionism that there be self-evident or a priori moral knowledge; this counts against considering moral sense theory to be a species of intuitionism. (see the Rational intuition versus moral sense section of this article for further discussion).
Ethical intuitionism was first clearly shown in use by the philosopher Francis Hutcheson. Later ethical intuitionists of influence and note include Henry Sidgwick, G.E. Moore, Harold Arthur Prichard, C.S. Lewis and, most influentially, Robert Audi.
Objections to ethical intuitionism include whether or not there are objective moral values- an assumption which the ethical system is based upon- the question of why many disagree over ethics if they are absolute, and whether Occam's razor cancels such a theory out entirely.
State consequentialism, also known as Mohist consequentialism, is an ethical theory that evaluates the moral worth of an action based on how much it contributes to the basic goods of a state. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy describes Mohist consequentialism, dating back to the 5th century BC, as "a remarkably sophisticated version based on a plurality of intrinsic goods taken as constitutive of human welfare". Unlike utilitarianism, which views pleasure as a moral good, "the basic goods in Mohist consequentialist thinking are ... order, material wealth, and increase in population". During Mozi's era, war and famines were common, and population growth was seen as a moral necessity for a harmonious society. The "material wealth" of Mohist consequentialism refers to basic needs like shelter and clothing, and the "order" of Mohist consequentialism refers to Mozi's stance against warfare and violence, which he viewed as pointless and a threat to social stability.
Stanford sinologist David Shepherd Nivison, in The Cambridge History of Ancient China, writes that the moral goods of Mohism "are interrelated: more basic wealth, then more reproduction; more people, then more production and wealth ... if people have plenty, they would be good, filial, kind, and so on unproblematically." The Mohists believed that morality is based on "promoting the benefit of all under heaven and eliminating harm to all under heaven". In contrast to Bentham's views, state consequentialism is not utilitarian because it is not hedonistic or individualistic. The importance of outcomes that are good for the community outweigh the importance of individual pleasure and pain.
Consequentialism refers to moral theories that hold the consequences of a particular action form the basis for any valid moral judgment about that action (or create a structure for judgment, see rule consequentialism). Thus, from a consequentialist standpoint, a morally right action is one that produces a good outcome, or consequence. This view is often expressed as the aphorism "The ends justify the means".
The term "consequentialism" was coined by G.E.M. Anscombe in her essay "Modern Moral Philosophy" in 1958, to describe what she saw as the central error of certain moral theories, such as those propounded by Mill and Sidgwick. Since then, the term has become common in English-language ethical theory.
What sort of consequences count as good consequences?
Who is the primary beneficiary of moral action?
How are the consequences judged and who judges them?
One way to divide various consequentialisms is by the many types of consequences that are taken to matter most, that is, which consequences count as good states of affairs. According to utilitarianism, a good action is one that results in an increase and positive effect, and the best action is one that results in that effect for the greatest number. Closely related is eudaimonic consequentialism, according to which a full, flourishing life, which may or may not be the same as enjoying a great deal of pleasure, is the ultimate aim. Similarly, one might adopt an aesthetic consequentialism, in which the ultimate aim is to produce beauty. However, one might fix on non-psychological goods as the relevant effect. Thus, one might pursue an increase in material equality or political liberty instead of something like the more ephemeral "pleasure". Other theories adopt a package of several goods, all to be promoted equally. Whether a particular consequentialist theory focuses on a single good or many, conflicts and tensions between different good states of affairs are to be expected and must be adjudicated.
Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that argues the proper course of action is one that maximizes a positive effect, such as "happiness", "welfare", or the ability to live according to personal preferences. Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill are influential proponents of this school of thought. In A Fragment on Government Bentham says 'it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong' and describes this as a fundamental axiom. In An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation he talks of 'the principle of utility' but later prefers "the greatest happiness principle".
Utilitarianism is the paradigmatic example of a consequentialist moral theory. This form of utilitarianism holds that the morally correct action is the one that produces the best outcome for all people affected by the action. John Stuart Mill, in his exposition of utilitarianism, proposed a hierarchy of pleasures, meaning that the pursuit of certain kinds of pleasure is more highly valued than the pursuit of other pleasures. Other noteworthy proponents of utilitarianism are neuroscientist Sam Harris, author of The Moral Landscape, and moral philosopher Peter Singer, author of, amongst other works, Practical Ethics.
The major division within utilitarianism is between act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism. In act utilitarianism, the principle of utility applies directly to each alternative act in a situation of choice. The right act is the one that brings about the best results (or the least amount of bad results). In rule utilitarianism, the principle of utility determines the validity of rules of conduct (moral principles). A rule like promise-keeping is established by looking at the consequences of a world in which people break promises at will and a world in which promises are binding. Right and wrong are the following or breaking of rules that are sanctioned by their utilitarian value. A proposed "middle ground" between these two types is Two-level utilitarianism, where rules are applied in ordinary circumstances, but with an allowance to choose actions outside of such rules when unusual situations call for it.
Deontological ethics or deontology (from Greek δέον, deon, "obligation, duty"; and -λογία, -logia) is an approach to ethics that determines goodness or rightness from examining acts, or the rules and duties that the person doing the act strove to fulfill. This is in contrast to consequentialism, in which rightness is based on the consequences of an act, and not the act by itself. Under deontology, an act may be considered right even if the act produces a bad consequence, if it follows the rule or moral law. According to the deontological view, people have a duty to act in a way that does those things that are inherently good as acts ("truth-telling" for example), or follow an objectively obligatory rule (as in rule utilitarianism).
Nothing in the world—indeed nothing even beyond the world—can possibly be conceived which could be called good without qualification except a good will.
Immanuel Kant's theory of ethics is considered deontological for several different reasons. First, Kant argues that to act in the morally right way, people must act from duty (Pflicht). Second, Kant argued that it was not the consequences of actions that make them right or wrong but the motives of the person who carries out the action.
Kant then argues that the consequences of an act of willing cannot be used to determine that the person has a good will; good consequences could arise by accident from an action that was motivated by a desire to cause harm to an innocent person, and bad consequences could arise from an action that was well-motivated. Instead, he claims, a person has a good will when he 'acts out of respect for the moral law'. People 'act out of respect for the moral law' when they act in some way because they have a duty to do so. So, the only thing that is truly good in itself is a good will, and a good will is only good when the willer chooses to do something because it is that person's duty, i.e. out of "respect" for the law. He defines respect as "the concept of a worth which thwarts my self-love".
Act only according to that maxim by which you can also will that it would become a universal law.
Act in such a way that you always treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end.
Every rational being must so act as if he were through his maxim always a legislating member in a universal kingdom of ends.
Kant argued that the only absolutely good thing is a good will, and so the single determining factor of whether an action is morally right is the will, or motive of the person doing it. If they are acting on a bad maxim, e.g. "I will lie", then their action is wrong, even if some good consequences come of it. In his essay, On a Supposed Right to Lie Because of Philanthropic Concerns, arguing against the position of Benjamin Constant, Des réactions politiques, Kant states that "Hence a lie defined merely as an intentionally untruthful declaration to another man does not require the additional condition that it must do harm to another, as jurists require in their definition (mendacium est falsiloquium in praeiudicium alterius). For a lie always harms another; if not some human being, then it nevertheless does harm to humanity in general, inasmuch as it vitiates the very source of right [Rechtsquelle] ... All practical principles of right must contain rigorous truth ... This is because such exceptions would destroy the universality on account of which alone they bear the name of principles."
Although not all deontologists are religious, some believe in the 'divine command theory', which is actually a cluster of related theories which essentially state that an action is right if God has decreed that it is right. According to Ralph Cudworth, an English philosopher, William of Ockham, René Descartes, and eighteenth-century Calvinists all accepted various versions of this moral theory, as they all held that moral obligations arise from God's commands. The Divine Command Theory is a form of deontology because, according to it, the rightness of any action depends upon that action being performed because it is a duty, not because of any good consequences arising from that action. If God commands people not to work on Sabbath, then people act rightly if they do not work on Sabbath because God has commanded that they do not do so. If they do not work on Sabbath because they are lazy, then their action is not truly speaking "right", even though the actual physical action performed is the same. If God commands not to covet a neighbour's goods, this theory holds that it would be immoral to do so, even if coveting provides the beneficial outcome of a drive to succeed or do well.
One thing that clearly distinguishes Kantian deontologism from divine command deontology is that Kantianism maintains that man, as a rational being, makes the moral law universal, whereas divine command maintains that God makes the moral law universal.
German philosopher Jürgen Habermas has proposed a theory of discourse ethics that he claims is a descendant of Kantian ethics. He proposes that action should be based on communication between those involved, in which their interests and intentions are discussed so they can be understood by all. Rejecting any form of coercion or manipulation, Habermas believes that agreement between the parties is crucial for a moral decision to be reached. Like Kantian ethics, discourse ethics is a cognitive ethical theory, in that it supposes that truth and falsity can be attributed to ethical propositions. It also formulates a rule by which ethical actions can be determined and proposes that ethical actions should be universalisable, in a similar way to Kant's ethics.
Habermas argues that his ethical theory is an improvement on Kant's ethics. He rejects the dualistic framework of Kant's ethics. Kant distinguished between the phenomena world, which can be sensed and experienced by humans, and the noumena, or spiritual world, which is inaccessible to humans. This dichotomy was necessary for Kant because it could explain the autonomy of a human agent: although a human is bound in the phenomenal world, their actions are free in the intelligible world. For Habermas, morality arises from discourse, which is made necessary by their rationality and needs, rather than their freedom.
Associated with the pragmatists, Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and especially John Dewey, pragmatic ethics holds that moral correctness evolves similarly to scientific knowledge: socially over the course of many lifetimes. Thus, we should prioritize social reform over attempts to account for consequences, individual virtue or duty (although these may be worthwhile attempts, if social reform is provided for).
Care ethics contrasts with more well-known ethical models, such as consequentialist theories (e.g. utilitarianism) and deontological theories (e.g., Kantian ethics) in that it seeks to incorporate traditionally feminized virtues and values that—proponents of care ethics contend—are absent in such traditional models of ethics. These values include the importance of empathetic relationships and compassion.
Care-focused feminism is a branch of feminist thought, informed primarily by ethics of care as developed by Carol Gilligan and Nel Noddings. This body of theory is critical of how caring is socially assigned to women, and consequently devalued. They write, “Care-focused feminists regard women’s capacity for care as a human strength,” that should be taught to and expected of men as well as women. Noddings proposes that ethical caring has the potential to be a more concrete evaluative model of moral dilemma than an ethic of justice. Noddings’ care-focused feminism requires practical application of relational ethics, predicated on an ethic of care.
Role ethics is an ethical theory based on family roles. Unlike virtue ethics, role ethics is not individualistic. Morality is derived from a person's relationship with their community. Confucian ethics is an example of role ethics though this is not straightforwardly uncontested. Confucian roles center around the concept of filial piety or xiao, a respect for family members. According to Roger T. Ames and Henry Rosemont, "Confucian normativity is defined by living one's family roles to maximum effect." Morality is determined through a person's fulfillment of a role, such as that of a parent or a child. Confucian roles are not rational, and originate through the xin, or human emotions.
Anarchist ethics is an ethical theory based on the studies of anarchist thinkers. The biggest contributor to the anarchist ethics is the Russian zoologist, geographer, economist, and political activist Peter Kropotkin.
Starting from the premise that the goal of ethical philosophy should be to help humans adapt and thrive in evolutionary terms, Kropotkin's ethical framework uses biology and anthropology as a basis – in order to scientifically establish what will best enable a given social order to thrive biologically and socially – and advocates certain behavioural practices to enhance humanity's capacity for freedom and well-being, namely practices which emphasise solidarity, equality, and justice.
This principle of treating others as one wishes to be treated oneself, what is it but the very same principle as equality, the fundamental principle of anarchism? And how can any one manage to believe himself an anarchist unless he practices it? We do not wish to be ruled. And by this very fact, do we not declare that we ourselves wish to rule nobody? We do not wish to be deceived, we wish always to be told nothing but the truth. And by this very fact, do we not declare that we ourselves do not wish to deceive anybody, that we promise to always tell the truth, nothing but the truth, the whole truth? We do not wish to have the fruits of our labor stolen from us. And by that very fact, do we not declare that we respect the fruits of others' labor? By what right indeed can we demand that we should be treated in one fashion, reserving it to ourselves to treat others in a fashion entirely different? Our sense of equality revolts at such an idea.
The 20th century saw a remarkable expansion and evolution of critical theory, following on earlier Marxist Theory efforts to locate individuals within larger structural frameworks of ideology and action.
Antihumanists such as Louis Althusser, Michel Foucault and structuralists such as Roland Barthes challenged the possibilities of individual agency and the coherence of the notion of the 'individual' itself. This was on the basis that personal identity was, in the most part, a social construction. As critical theory developed in the later 20th century, post-structuralism sought to problematize human relationships to knowledge and 'objective' reality. Jacques Derrida argued that access to meaning and the 'real' was always deferred, and sought to demonstrate via recourse to the linguistic realm that "there is no outside-text/non-text" ("il n'y a pas de hors-texte" is often mistranslated as "there is nothing outside the text"); at the same time, Jean Baudrillard theorised that signs and symbols or simulacra mask reality (and eventually the absence of reality itself), particularly in the consumer world.
Post-structuralism and postmodernism argue that ethics must study the complex and relational conditions of actions. A simple alignment of ideas of right and particular acts is not possible. There will always be an ethical remainder that cannot be taken into account or often even recognized. Such theorists find narrative (or, following Nietzsche and Foucault, genealogy) to be a helpful tool for understanding ethics because narrative is always about particular lived experiences in all their complexity rather than the assignment of an idea or norm to separate and individual actions.
Zygmunt Bauman says postmodernity is best described as modernity without illusion, the illusion being the belief that humanity can be repaired by some ethic principle. Postmodernity can be seen in this light as accepting the messy nature of humanity as unchangeable.
David Couzens Hoy states that Emmanuel Levinas's writings on the face of the Other and Derrida's meditations on the relevance of death to ethics are signs of the "ethical turn" in Continental philosophy that occurred in the 1980s and 1990s. Hoy describes post-critique ethics as the "obligations that present themselves as necessarily to be fulfilled but are neither forced on one or are enforceable" (2004, p. 103).
Hoy's post-critique model uses the term ethical resistance. Examples of this would be an individual's resistance to consumerism in a retreat to a simpler but perhaps harder lifestyle, or an individual's resistance to a terminal illness. Hoy describes Levinas's account as "not the attempt to use power against itself, or to mobilize sectors of the population to exert their political power; the ethical resistance is instead the resistance of the powerless"(2004, p. 8).
Applied ethics is a discipline of philosophy that attempts to apply ethical theory to real-life situations. The discipline has many specialized fields, such as engineering ethics, bioethics, geoethics, public service ethics and business ethics.
Applied ethics is used in some aspects of determining public policy, as well as by individuals facing difficult decisions. The sort of questions addressed by applied ethics include: "Is getting an abortion immoral?" "Is euthanasia immoral?" "Is affirmative action right or wrong?" "What are human rights, and how do we determine them?" "Do animals have rights as well?" and "Do individuals have the right of self-determination?"
A more specific question could be: "If someone else can make better out of his/her life than I can, is it then moral to sacrifice myself for them if needed?" Without these questions, there is no clear fulcrum on which to balance law, politics, and the practice of arbitration—in fact, no common assumptions of all participants—so the ability to formulate the questions are prior to rights balancing. But not all questions studied in applied ethics concern public policy. For example, making ethical judgments regarding questions such as, "Is lying always wrong?" and, "If not, when is it permissible?" is prior to any etiquette.
People, in general, are more comfortable with dichotomies (two opposites). However, in ethics, the issues are most often multifaceted and the best-proposed actions address many different areas concurrently. In ethical decisions, the answer is almost never a "yes or no", "right or wrong" statement. Many buttons are pushed so that the overall condition is improved and not to the benefit of any particular faction.
And it has not only been shown that people consider the character of the moral agent (i.e. a principle implied in virtue ethics), the deed of the action (i.e. a principle implied in deontology), and the consequences of the action (i.e. a principle implied in utilitarianism) affect moral judgments, but moreover that the effect of each of these three components depends on the value of each other component.
Bioethics is the study of controversial ethics brought about by advances in biology and medicine. Bioethicists are concerned with the ethical questions that arise in the relationships among life sciences, biotechnology, medicine, politics, law, and philosophy. It also includes the study of the more commonplace questions of values ("the ethics of the ordinary") that arise in primary care and other branches of medicine.
Bioethics also needs to address emerging biotechnologies that affect basic biology and future humans. These developments include cloning, gene therapy, human genetic engineering, astroethics and life in space, and manipulation of basic biology through altered DNA, RNA and proteins, e.g. "three parent baby, where baby is born from genetically modified embryos, would have DNA from a mother, a father and from a female donor. Correspondingly, new bioethics also need to address life at its core. For example, biotic ethics value organic gene/protein life itself and seek to propagate it. With such life-centered principles, ethics may secure a cosmological future for life.
Business ethics (also corporate ethics) is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment, including fields like medical ethics. Business ethics represents the practices that any individual or group exhibits within an organization that can negatively or positively affect the businesses core values. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organizations.
Business ethics has both normative and descriptive dimensions. As a corporate practice and a career specialization, the field is primarily normative. Academics attempting to understand business behavior employ descriptive methods. The range and quantity of business ethical issues reflect the interaction of profit-maximizing behavior with non-economic concerns. Interest in business ethics accelerated dramatically during the 1980s and 1990s, both within major corporations and within academia. For example, today most major corporations promote their commitment to non-economic values under headings such as ethics codes and social responsibility charters. Adam Smith said, "People of the same trade seldom meet together, even for merriment and diversion, but the conversation ends in a conspiracy against the public, or in some contrivance to raise prices." Governments use laws and regulations to point business behavior in what they perceive to be beneficial directions. Ethics implicitly regulates areas and details of behavior that lie beyond governmental control. The emergence of large corporations with limited relationships and sensitivity to the communities in which they operate accelerated the development of formal ethics regimes.
In Moral Machines: Teaching Robots Right from Wrong, Wendell Wallach and Colin Allen conclude that issues in machine ethics will likely drive advancement in understanding of human ethics by forcing us to address gaps in modern normative theory and by providing a platform for experimental investigation. The effort to actually program a machine or artificial agent to behave as though instilled with a sense of ethics requires new specificity in our normative theories, especially regarding aspects customarily considered common-sense. For example, machines, unlike humans, can support a wide selection of learning algorithms, and controversy has arisen over the relative ethical merits of these options. This may reopen classic debates of normative ethics framed in new (highly technical) terms.
Military ethics are concerned with questions regarding the application of force and the ethos of the soldier and are often understood as applied professional ethics. Just war theory is generally seen to set the background terms of military ethics. However individual countries and traditions have different fields of attention.
what, if any, should be the laws of war.
justification for the initiation of military force.
decisions about who may be targeted in warfare.
decisions on choice of weaponry, and what collateral effects such weaponry may have.
standards for handling military prisoners.
methods of dealing with violations of the laws of war.
Political ethics (also known as political morality or public ethics) is the practice of making moral judgements about political action and political agents.
Public sector ethics is a set of principles that guide public officials in their service to their constituents, including their decision-making on behalf of their constituents. Fundamental to the concept of public sector ethics is the notion that decisions and actions are based on what best serves the public's interests, as opposed to the official's personal interests (including financial interests) or self-serving political interests.
Publication ethics is the set of principles that guide the writing and publishing process for all professional publications. To follow these principles, authors must verify that the publication does not contain plagiarism or publication bias. As a way to avoid misconduct in research these principles can also apply to experiments that are referenced or analyzed in publications by ensuring the data is recorded honestly and accurately.
Plagiarism is the failure to give credit to another author’s work or ideas, when it is used in the publication. It is the obligation of the editor of the journal to ensure the article does not contain any plagiarism before it is published. If a publication that has already been published is proven to contain plagiarism, the editor of the journal can retract the article.
Publication bias occurs when the publication is one-sided or "prejudiced against results". In best practice, an author should try to include information from all parties involved, or affected by the topic. If an author is prejudiced against certain results, than it can "lead to erroneous conclusions being drawn".
Misconduct in research can occur when an experimenter falsifies results. Falsely recorded information occurs when the researcher "fakes" information or data, which was not used when conducting the actual experiment. By faking the data, the researcher can alter the results from the experiment to better fit the hypothesis they originally predicted. When conducting medical research, it is important to honor the healthcare rights of a patient by protecting their anonymity in the publication. Respect for autonomy is the principle that decision-making should allow individuals to be autonomous; they should be able to make decisions that apply to their own lives. This means that individuals should have control of their lives. Justice is the principle that decision-makers must focus on actions that are fair to those affected. Ethical decisions need to be consistent with the ethical theory. There are cases where the management has made decisions that seem to be unfair to the employees, shareholders, and other stakeholders (Solomon, 1992, pp49). Such decisions are unethical.
Relational ethics are related to an ethics of care.:62–63 They are used in qualitative research, especially ethnography and autoethnography. Researchers who employ relational ethics value and respect the connection between themselves and the people they study, and "...between researchers and the communities in which they live and work." (Ellis, 2007, p. 4). Relational ethics also help researchers understand difficult issues such as conducting research on intimate others that have died and developing friendships with their participants. Relational ethics in close personal relationships form a central concept of contextual therapy.
Animal ethics is a term used in academia to describe human-animal relationships and how animals ought to be treated. The subject matter includes animal rights, animal welfare, animal law, speciesism, animal cognition, wildlife conservation, the moral status of nonhuman animals, the concept of nonhuman personhood, human exceptionalism, the history of animal use, and theories of justice.
Moral psychology is a field of study that began as an issue in philosophy and that is now properly considered part of the discipline of psychology. Some use the term "moral psychology" relatively narrowly to refer to the study of moral development. However, others tend to use the term more broadly to include any topics at the intersection of ethics and psychology (and philosophy of mind). Such topics are ones that involve the mind and are relevant to moral issues. Some of the main topics of the field are moral responsibility, moral development, moral character (especially as related to virtue ethics), altruism, psychological egoism, moral luck, and moral disagreement.
Evolutionary ethics concerns approaches to ethics (morality) based on the role of evolution in shaping human psychology and behavior. Such approaches may be based in scientific fields such as evolutionary psychology or sociobiology, with a focus on understanding and explaining observed ethical preferences and choices.
Ethical codes applied by various groups. Some consider aesthetics itself the basis of ethics—and a personal moral core developed through art and storytelling as very influential in one's later ethical choices.
Informal theories of etiquette that tend to be less rigorous and more situational. Some consider etiquette a simple negative ethics, i.e., where can one evade an uncomfortable truth without doing wrong? One notable advocate of this view is Judith Martin ("Miss Manners"). According to this view, ethics is more a summary of common sense social decisions.
Practices in arbitration and law, e.g., the claim that ethics itself is a matter of balancing "right versus right", i.e., putting priorities on two things that are both right, but that must be traded off carefully in each situation.
Observed choices made by ordinary people, without expert aid or advice, who vote, buy, and decide what is worth valuing. This is a major concern of sociology, political science, and economics.
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^ See, for example, work of Institute for Local Government, at www.ca-ilg.org/trust.
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^ See, for example, Lapsley (2006) and "moral psychology" (2007).
^ See, for example, Doris & Stich (2008) and Wallace (2007). Wallace writes: "Moral psychology is the study of morality in its psychological dimensions" (p. 86).
^ See Doris & Stich (2008), §1.
^ Doris Schroeder. "Evolutionary Ethics". Archived from the original on October 7, 2013. Retrieved January 5, 2010.
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De Finance, Joseph, An Ethical Inquiry, Rome, Editrice Pontificia Università Gregoriana, 1991.
De La Torre, Miguel A., "Doing Christian Ethics from the Margins", Orbis Books, 2004.
Derrida, J. 1995, The Gift of Death, translated by David Wills, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Fagothey, Austin, Right and Reason, Tan Books & Publishers, Rockford, Illinois, 2000.
Levinas, E. 1969, Totality and infinity, an essay on exteriority, translated by Alphonso Lingis, Duquesne University Press, Pittsburgh.
Perle, Stephen (March 11, 2004). "Morality and Ethics: An Introduction". Retrieved February 13, 2007. , Butchvarov, Panayot. Skepticism in Ethics (1989).
Solomon, R.C., Morality and the Good Life: An Introduction to Ethics Through Classical Sources, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1984.
Vendemiati, Aldo, In the First Person, An Outline of General Ethics, Rome, Urbaniana University Press, 2004.
John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Veritatis Splendor, August 6, 1993.
D'Urance, Michel, Jalons pour une éthique rebelle, Aléthéia, Paris, 2005.
John Newton, Ph.D. Complete Conduct Principles for the 21st Century, 2000. ISBN 0-9673705-7-4.
Guy Cools & Pascal Gielen, The Ethics of Art. Valiz: Amsterdam, 2014.
Yunt, Jeremy D. 2017. Faithful to Nature: Paul Tillich and the Spiritual Roots of Environmental Ethics. Barred Owl Books.
"Ethics". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
An Introduction to Ethics by Paul Newall, aimed at beginners.
Ethics Bites, Open University podcast series podcast exploring ethical dilemmas in everyday life.
Kirby Laing Institute for Christian Ethics Resources, events, and research on a range of ethical subjects from a Christian perspective.
Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University Resources for analyzing real-world ethical issues and tools to address them.
This page was last edited on 15 April 2019, at 13:41 (UTC).
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Will Donald Trump finally put an end to the "Moral Majority"?
Alright, before you say "no" just hear me out real quick, I promise that it will be thought-provoking.
There has been a lot of speculation about the institutions and traditions that may be left in an irredeemable state after the train wreck of a campaign that Donald Trump has run. Certainly I would say that unless the Republican Party acts quickly to distance themselves from the man - which many in the party already are working to do, of course - his campaign may destroy any chance they have of glimpsing the presidency again without significant restructuring. In fact, no less prominent a figure than president George W. Bush said he was worried that he would be "the last Republican president".
Trump's campaign may also herald at the very least a restructuring of the way presidential campaigns are covered by the media. The major televised news coverage of this campaign has been an absolute clown show that appears to be visibly crushing the spirits of any legitimate journalist who comes near to it. The unwillingness of reporters to call out blatant lies out of fear that they will be accused of bias is unsustainable, irresponsible, and when it comes to Donald Trump perhaps even unethical.
His campaign may also thankfully cause irreparable harm to previously underground hate groups that felt this was their time to make a move and go public. Donald Trump will now almost certainly be defeated, and the racist, jingoist militant groups lurking in the shadows of American society have been brought into the light before they can accomplish their goals. I see this as a positive, in the long run, and a major blow to the ultra-right.
But I'm interested today in the possible ramifications of Trump's candidacy on an institution that has not really been discussed in depth this election: the "Christian right", and the "Moral Majority". Since the 1940s - and more blatantly since the great abortion debate of the 1970s - American evangelicals and conservative Catholics have enjoyed an uneasy alliance that has formed the backbone of the Republican Party's membership and voting population. Members of the Christian Right are primarily united over a select number of social issues, like abortion, stem cell research, traditional family structures and sexuality, etc. and over time conservative economic models and the like have been woven into the fabric of their platform.
The Christian Right voting bloc has proven to be very influential, representing as it does a large sub-section of the American people. Indeed, being a good evangelical Christian in America has become synonymous with voting Republican. In all that time the Republican Party candidate for president, and pretty much any office really, has had to be a conservative Christian. And, for the most part, even when I have vehemently disagreed with their economic positions or their proposed solutions to social ills, I have at least been able on some level to respect their faith and conviction. When George Bush, or John McCain, or many others have said that they are faithful Christians, I have done them the service of taking them at their word.
But that foundation has been showing pretty significant and growing cracks for some time now. The necessary binding of conservative Christian ideals to secular conservative ideals has necessarily led supposedly good, "pro-life" Christians to support the death penalty, to deny equal treatment to minorities, to support disastrous imperialist wars and the torturing of prisoners, and to advocate mass gun ownership and self-defense even though Christ said plainly "Do not resist the one who does evil, but when someone strikes you upon one cheek turn and offer them the other also" -Matthew 5:39. I thought perhaps it might all come apart when Mitt Romney became the strongest available presidential candidate from the Republican Party. I wasn't sure how the Religious Right would react to a Mormon candidate, but they did largely decide to get behind him in the end. It helped that he was a legitimate conservative and reasonably good person.
This last year, I have looked around and seen nothing but monsters on the right. Everywhere I have turned I have seen despicable individuals that are clearly just paying lip service to any real Christianity, and who merely have to say in a speech that they are against abortion and they will have throngs of adoring voters, even if there is clear evidence that they are corrupt, greedy liars who will say anything to get elected. I am reminded of Penn Jillette who said in a Big Think video "I have tried with friends to say the most blasphemous sentence I can possibly say, and it does not come close to the blasphemy of Michelle Bachman saying that earthquakes and hurricanes where the way God was trying to get the attention of Politicians."
Which brings me at last to Donald Trump, because Donald Trump is the epitome of all that Christianity is against. We have come to a point where the vast majority of the Christian Right, who believe that voting for the Republican candidate for president is an exercise of their faith, will be voting for a greedy, manipulative, vengeful, wrathful, tax-dodging, lying, racist, jingoist, megalomaniacal demagogue and serial adulterer who has defrauded thousands of employees, students, and business people, sexually assaulted dozens of women, encouraged foreign entities to commit cyber crimes against the US, and quite possibly raped children (seriously). None of that is an exaggeration, and is just a partial list of his crimes against God and humanity. If there is such a thing as an anti-Christ, it is Donald Trump. It is absolutely unconscionable to vote for Donald Trump, and I feel doing so may finally expose the Christian Right for what it is: a diseased, corrupted institution benefiting from the rote routine following of otherwise good and faithful people who simply have not been able to see it yet.
May God bring a swift and peaceful end to this election.
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The recent sell-out of the Bus Eireann workers strike has had the effect of exposing to a new generation of workers the utter lack of loyalty to the working class that lies at the heart of the leadership of the Irish trade union movement. It comes as neither shock nor surprise to older generations of workers however. Although Connolly's principles were thrown out of the labour movement in Ireland decades before, class collaboration by the Irish Congress of Trade Unions became shamelessly open in the 1980's. Their acquiescence was in no way due to an honest defeat, it was a complete acceptance of the Irish state as 'protector, patron or arbitrator'(1) in dealing with the imperialist capital that dominated both the semi colonial state and the reformist bureaucracy. It had been accelerated by the reversals of the 'neo-liberal' phase of imperialist development, and the ensuing period of Social Partnership and has “produced a leadership that is completely integrated within the establishment consensus”(2).
In1987 the Programme for National Recovery (PNR), which saw £IR500 million in cuts to public services, was initiated following a period of 'National Understandings' between the unions and the state. The signing of the deal was a reflection of the weakness of the labour movement internationally following the defeat of the British miners' strike and the surrender by the majority of the British trade union movement's leadership. Transported on to Irish soil this led to a conscious attempt by Irish union bureaucrats to make any deal which protected their own role, fearful of an all-out anti-union attack similar to the Thatcher assault. Peter Cassells spelt out the reasons for favouring partnership citing the Scandinavian countries as examples; “These countries have rejected the confrontationist approach of the New Right and have lower levels of unemployment than the US or the UK.” Or more directly put, they were seeking a way to make an accommodation with the state and with imperialism, or as he describes it, the 'New Right', during what came to be known as the 'neo liberal' era.
In 1990, without a shot being fired in defence of the workers, the Industrial Relations Act was introduced with the blessing of ICTU. This legislation was aimed at the bureaucracy and threatened the seizure of union funds if they didn't jump through all the legal hoops that were designed to take the momentum out of industrial action and demobilise it. What had taken the British Tories a decade to achieve in conflict with the strongest sections of the British working class was immediately gifted to the Irish capitalist class by the leadership of ICTU without a fight. The legislation suited the bureaucracy. The ruling class never have had cause to exercise these laws as the trade union leadership use them very effectively to control their own membership and the result of this tacit agreement on the rules of engagement for industrial action means that workers entering struggle today are curtailed from effectively defending themselves. The most effective methods of class struggle have been ruled out so workers taking any effective spontaneous action such as the flying pickets and the wildcat action that took place in the Bus Eireann dispute find themselves having to endure the indignity of patronising and cowardly public denunciations from their own leadership, in the full view, and to the great joy, of the ruling class.
By 1991 Charles Haughey, singing the praises of social partnership, remarked in the introduction to the Programme for Economic and Social Progress (PESP) that “A small trading economy cannot prosper with divisive and competing interests.” It was a succinct way of announcing a formal agreement that the working class must make sacrifices in the 'national interest' and it was the end of any pretence at a defensive class struggle by the trade union leadership as ICTU enthusiastically signed up to it.
In 1992 the Maastricht treaty was signed. Within that treaty lay European capitalism’s strategy for unifying politically and forming the European Union into a coherent economic unit capable of holding its position competitively and strengthening itself in the global market in relation to the dominance of US imperialism.
As part of the conditions for ever greater economic unity and 'competitiveness' the much vaunted 'European', or 'social', model of capitalism was to go. The weaker economies, on the periphery of the core imperialist nations of Europe, that were spending 'too much' on social care, unemployment benefit or services were to comply with conditions that would shrink the public sector and the state's debts to less than 60% of GDP and the mechanism for doing so was the selloff of state assets and the annual limitation of social spending to 3% of GDP. This was later re affirmed in the 'fiscal compact' introduced in Ireland following referenda.
Plans for capitalist unification of Europe did not go unresisted by workers affected by attacks on their pay and conditions. There was a natural tendency for struggles to link up. After strikes in Belgium, Spain and Italy and a series of determined strikes in the French public sector German and French workers called for a Europe wide general strike against the conditions laid down by Maastricht in 1995, a request ignored and carefully demobilised by the bureaucratic union leadership(4).
The conditions agreed to by ICTU in 1992 have been repeatedly signed up to and have haunted the working class ever since. The PCW was followed by Partnership 2000 the passage of which was eased due to a period of relative class peace. The investment by US capital in industry that provided growth in the early phase of the Celtic Tiger in the 1990's was as a result of that capital seeking to increase profitability by using cheaper Irish labour while gaining access to the European market. Wages were still held down but the payoff for social partnership came in the form of tax cuts and increased government borrowing. This period of growth helped conceal the betrayals of public sector workers by trade union leaders but imperialist capital's investment in industry came to an end with the recession in the US in 2001.
The subsequent deals, 'Programme for Prosperity and Fairness’ and 'Sustaining Progress', came against a background of sharply rising unemployment. This reflected the shift towards investment in fictional financial 'products', the development of Ireland as a full blown tax haven for global corporations and an accelerated inflation of the global bubble of fictional capital which ultimately burst. The final episode of the formal trade union sell out to capital, Towards 2016, suffered an ignominious end in 2009 as IBEC formally withdrew stating their preference for confronting the trade unions at “enterprise level bargaining in unionised employments”.
The secular decline in global capitalism, the inflation of a bubble of fictional capital and its eruption in to a full blown crisis with the banking collapse has accelerated the attack on the working class. The fiscal conditions imposed by Maastricht were applied all the harder because of the collapse but the interests of those insisting on their application went far beyond the EU. Irish public debt in the imperialist age is at the mercy of international lenders and financial institutions which buy Government bonds and which have first call on repayment. Ireland's credit rating depends on the international bond market and that rating determines whether they can borrow or not.
Government debt as a percent of GDP is used by investors as a measure a country's ability to repay and this immediately affects the country's borrowing costs and government bond yields. The mantra from Leinster House during the banking collapse was that “The bond holders must be paid”, and the people that had to pay them were the working masses. Naturally the trade union leadership agreed with the needs of imperialist capital, seeing no alternative to their decades old strategy and stood idly by as the bank's debt was heaped on the shoulders of the working masses. Their role had not changed, it remained one of marshalling the Irish working class in the interests of capital except that now the sacrifices were much greater.
The capitalist crash has been stabilised but the essential contradictions at its heart have not been resolved. The method used in that stabilisation was to transfer the burden of debt to the working class and to bleed it white with the repayments. They increased the rate of surplus value, in other words the rate of exploitation of the working class, cut wages, savaged conditions and contracts and robbed pensioners. This medicine has already been swallowed by the Irish working class, but they must swallow more, wages must be pushed down further and kept down, while speculative capital inflates another housing bubble that prices working class people out of a home and on to the street as another recession falls due. Knowing full well the austere requirements of crisis ridden capitalism the bureaucracy must continue to convince the workers to take this pain.
Business as Usual for ICTU – Keeping within the 'narrow confines'.
Continuing with their 'defence' of the working class by contriving in the attack on them the ICTU leadership proceeded with business as usual. Almost immediately following the collapse of ‘Towards 2016’ the Croke Park agreement delivered the austerity the state and troika needed at the expense of 28'000 laid off workers. In March 2010, describing it as social 'dialogue', rather than 'partnership', ICTU civil service unions negotiated a three year pay freeze and a series of 'efficiencies', increased 'flexibility' and degraded working conditions including an agreement to transfer workers up to 45km from their home, 7000 workers were ultimately 'redeployed'. Privatization was at the heart of the deal with 'value for money' and 'outsourcing' being central considerations. Much of the detail of the deal's betrayal is strikingly similar to the Bus Eireann deal, revealing how the employers’ agenda has remained unchanged.
Arguing that the banking debt repayments should be alleviated rather than repudiated they accepted the legitimacy of imperialist capital's fiscal parameters and demands for austerity. The 'Better Fairer Way' campaign was designed simply to maintain a modicum of credibility among the working class but also to prove that their cynical clique was indispensable to the state in achieving agreed austerity targets, and the working class were repeatedly led out on demonstrations towards that end.
While they ostensibly campaigned against 'austerity' the trade union bureaucracy resolutely maintained their commitment to comply with the troika's rules. This was spelled out explicitly in a notorious speech at an anti-austerity rally when the ICTU leadership openly pledged their determination to work within the “narrow confines of the Troika programme”, the very programme that had been put in place to boost capitalist profitability at the expense of the working class.
Young socialist protesters who chanted slogans for a general strike on the day were later disgracefully labelled by Jack O'Connor as 'fascists' in the press. It was a perfect expose of the bureaucracy's role. Here was the leader of Irish trade unionism attacking people that he had called out on a protest rally because they dared to call for industrial action. It was also a blatant example of their arrogant attempts to delegitimize any protest outside of their control or contrary to their policies, their latest shameful attack being led by Joan Burton of the Irish Labour party, which has O'Connor now as it's Secretary and which if successful will see the Jobstown protesters sent to prison.
Against a background of increasing austerity and the recapitalisation of the banks to the tune of €31 billion the Croke Park II deal which stripped another €1 billion out of public sector pay was agreed by ICTU. As part of their strategy they had as usual mobilised for a demonstration this time begging the perpetrators in government for mercy with the pathos laden slogan “Lift the Burden". Designed to simultaneously present themselves as protectors of the workers while continuing their alliance with the government a problem arose when the deal was agreed so quickly that the scheduled protest march hadn't taken place. At this march it was simply impossible to present the extension of the debt to 2054 as a victory for the working class.
It was following this that the 'left radical' section of the ICTU bureaucracy emerged and oriented towards the spontaneously growing anti water charges protests, but they still remained resolutely within the parameters of 'acceptable' protest. No attempt was made to broaden the water charges issue to include other aspects of austerity even thought the link was obvious and they never countenanced industrial action even though it was the obvious thing for trade union leaders to do. The whole protest movement was diverted into an electoral front with Sinn Fein, an austerity party in the north, which failed to make any impact and has allowed the prospect of water charges to be maintained on the back burner until the state decides to have another try at its introduction.
At a point when the spontaneously erupting water charges protest committees were emerging the logical thing to do was to organise a democratic congress that could decide policy, send elected representatives from every local branch and elect a national leadership body. The dishonest excuse given by the union bureaucrats for not doing so was that they didn't want to impose a cover charge and they had “limited resources” and couldn't afford a large enough venue. Just one of the unions involved, Unite, takes in hundreds of thousands per week in members dues in the Irish region alone. Not credible for a moment, and the bureaucrats real intention was soon apparent. Instead the “non aligned community activists” that really were the backbone of the protest movement were allocated only one third of the places at a conference where the new stars of the 'left' bureaucracy aired their stale strategy accompanied by speakers from Syriza and Podemos.
The 'left radical' bureaucrats who now decisively controlled the anti water charges campaign did not oppose austerity but produced a fiscal framework document which allowed them to operate within the same “narrow confines” as Jack O'Connor and the rest of the bureaucracy. On the basis of a draught report they hastily declared victory, Ogle gave one last condescending speech before sending everyone home, the movement was demobilised and crucially, Irish Water had survived.
Throughout the period of economic collapse and the systematic lowering of working class living standards the entire bureaucracy, 'left' and right, have accepted the strictures of austerity and have worked to ensure they are adhered to. Even when faced by protest action as with the anti water charges campaign or strike action as with Bus Eireann workers they have intervened and demobilised every attempt at resistance.
It is the crisis of capitalist profitability that drives the push towards privatisation and austerity. It is their acceptance that the workers must make sacrifices to return capitalism to profitability that causes the trade union bureaucracy to cling to repeated deals with the Irish state all the way up to Lansdowne Rd and Haddington Rd where they hope the strength of one will not expose the weakness of the other and it is the overarching relationship with imperialism that, as Trotsky put it; “constitutes the basis for the dependence of reformist unions upon the state.”(6) Opposition to imperialism is so far beyond the imagination of the bureaucracy it seems outlandish to them, yet while they freely accept the necessity of complying with the strictures of global capital they cannot, or dare not, imagine the power of the global working class. Workers all across Europe face the same problem of leadership, the ETUC meeting in Rome in May had only Keynesian platitudes for their 45 million members and polite requests for “workers and citizens to be taken into account to a greater extent” by the state and employers. This problem of leadership must be resolved.
The enormity of what the working class faces is obvious but for a split second in Dublin the fragility of the imperialist's agenda became obvious too. If the Bus Eireann strike had been successful it would have stalled the progress of the very privatisation of public assets that the bureaucracy had quietly signed up to in repeated partnership deals, a position even their 'left' version fights to maintain. If as in Larkin's time “neither wheel nor hand turned” in Dublin and solidarity began to spread, and the pent up frustration is there to make it feasible, a victory would have been possible using the flying pickets and solidarity action that was briefly on display. That which was condemned by the union leadership would have acted as a lesson and an inspiration for other groups of workers throughout Ireland and far beyond, but this is precisely what the bureaucratic misleaders of the working class fear most, an expose of their irrelevance when it comes to actual working class struggle, and it is in the real struggles that are still to come that the antidote to bureaucratic betrayals will be found.
Break the policy of appeasement!
A break with the policy of appeasement towards austerity, a rejection of 'the narrow confines of the troika programme' and a complete break with the state. No more sell-out deals.
These demands can only arise from self-organisation and express themselves practically in struggle and the first step in that direction takes the form of self-defence. In this trade unionists must learn from the growth and spontaneity of the early anti water charges campaign. That self-defence means not waiting for the bureaucrats, in the same way as the water protesters prevented the practical work of meter installation the workers must prevent the practical introduction of cutbacks, each situation is different but methods can be found. Organising against the cuts at rank and file level and opposing them with the effective class struggle methods of the flying pickets and wildcat strikes that we glimpsed during the bus strike disrupts their plans and is effective. Such a struggle must spread and the call must go out to all union members that are in struggle throughout Europe and are facing the same betrayals by their own leadership. There is a mountain to climb but the first step in the ascent must be taken. Workers democracy must be re born in the 45 million strong trade union movement to carry out that campaign. Staying as we are means more defeat!
(2) Ireland's Credit Crunch. Keating, Morrison, Corrigan. 2010.
(5) Jack O'Connor. SIPTU Biennial Conference 2011.
(6) Leon Trotsky. Trade unions in the epoch of capitalist decay.
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Choose one pop-culture hero, superhero or villain, and identify one ethical issue this figure typically has to tackle. Then explain how your pop figure might solve the same ethical issue from at least 6 different ethical theories we have covered thus far. Make sure your ethical issue or problem is complicated enough for you to apply each ethical theory and to allow enough detailed analysis of the issue.Be sure to draw upon six of the nine theories we have covered thus far: Relativism, Virtue Ethics, Utilitarianism (Consequentialism, Teleology), Kantian Ethics (Deontology), Feminist Ethics, Care Ethics, Egoism, Nihilism, Postmodernism.
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Debt is a big problem in the UK. In 2006, debt has hit record highs and it does not look set to stop any time soon. Many people are finding themselves so trapped in debt that they simply cannot find a way out. They are struggling each and every single month, trying to find the money for their monthly repayments. Well, if this sounds like you, then you may be interested in the various debt management programs available.
Debt Management and how it can help Debt management is set up to help you find your way out of debt as quickly as possible. There are quite a lot of companies set up around the UK and each of them offers you a way out. Some are free but, generally, most of them charge a small monthly fee, which is a small price to pay to become debt free! The process starts by you applying to a debt management company and they will assess whether they can help you or not. Generally, you do have to be working to join a debt management program.
This is because you do still need to pay part of your debt each month, as well as a small monthly fee. However, there are some free ones out there that offer just as good services, it is just a matter of finding them! With a debt management plan, the people are there to help you to lower your current monthly repayments. They are also there to give you any advice that you may need and to have you debt free within a certain time period. They do this in a number of ways including: - Negotiating with creditors - Creating a realistic finance plan for you - Giving you financial advice The thing with debt management programs is that they help you out in every way possible.
They look at everything that you have coming in and everything that you have going out. That way they can come up with a realistic and affordable repayment plan specifically for you. Their advice is also useful and it tells you how to get yourself out of more debt, for example, paying more than the minimum each month if you can. Sometimes advice is the best way to combat your debt problems as it helps you to realise that you are not alone and that there are people who do understand. It gives you the knowledge that you need in order to break out of your bad financial habits and that, in itself, can set you debt free. There are hundreds of debt management programs available, it is just a matter of finding one to suit you.
If you do not have much money, a free debt management program will be better suited to you and a quick search online will help you to find the best one for you. So, why struggle with your debt when you really do not have to? Apply to a debt management company today and see just how they could help you.
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In 2001, Daly Credit Corporation commenced trading in Durban as attorneys RL Daly, with Daly Credit Corporation providing the infrastructural support in terms of premises and technology, and with a staff complement of 20. In 2002, it relocated from Durban to shared premises in Mount Edgecombe, and in 2008, the company moved to its current 2 500m2 contact centre premises with approximately 120 staff.
Today, Daly Credit Corporation has over 500 employees and services most of the banks, retailers and other credit providing companies in South Africa, collecting in excess of R380 million per annum. Daly Credit Corporation is also an international member of the Credit Services Association (CSA) in the UK and regularly attends CSA credit conventions in the UK in order to keep abreast of global trends and opportunities in the international credit industry.
Since 2001, there has been massive change in the credit industry both globally and in South Africa. In 2008, we saw the global collapse of the banking industries in the USA and UK, which led to the bail-out of the banks by government (tax payers), quantitative easing (printing money) and the subsequent credit control regulations and creation of bodies such as the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK, with special emphasis on "know your customer" and "treating customers fairly".
Although not affected to the same extent, the global impact of the meltdown affected our economy and in particular, the cost of living and the debt to disposable income ratio of the average consumer. Notwithstanding the passing of the National Credit Act in 2007 and other consumer protection laws intended to curb reckless lending, many credit providers continued to lend without restraint. This gave rise to a number of questionable and unlawful collection practices (garnishee orders) which were really only outlawed in 2016 with the "Stellenbosch" case and the subsequent changes to legislation. A classic case of "too little too late", as today, almost 45% of our population, according to the NCR stats, are credit active with more than 50% being over-indebted.
How did this happen? Consumer credit really started back in 1994 when SA moved from being a "cash save" to a "credit spend" society and when the banks and other financial institutions came under pressure to "bank" the previously "unbanked". This gave rise to the micro-lending industry and other forms of retail consumer credit on a massive scale. While credit was seen as a way to help average South Africans improve their standards of living, the dark side of credit (debt) was not fully understood by the majority of consumers, resulting in over 10 million consumers being over indebted.
So, what is the future of credit in South Africa and the industry? Until we are able to grow our economy and increase formal employment, it is safe to say that we will continue suffer a net loss of credit worthy consumers as more and more consumers default on their credit payments and fewer and fewer qualify for credit. I don't believe it is the end of the road for credit, but the landscape is going to be a lot tougher for both credit providers and debt collectors as the risks and cost of collections increase.
In order to remain relevant, Daly Credit Corporation has diversified to meet the demands and standards of its clients in regard to transformation, education, skills development, job creation, cost efficiencies, productivity, capacity and business continuity, and in so doing, has expanded the Daly group of companies to include a skills training academy, Edu Power Skills Academy, which offers learnerships leading to full-time employment; a legal logistics company, Lexecute Logistics, which offers low-cost back-office legal process administration involving over 160 correspondent attorneys and 450 sheriffs throughout South Africa; an IT infrastructure, dialler, PBX, CIC and Purecloud service provider, Safricloud; and Safricall, which provisions contact centre seats to third party organisations.
Through the aggregation of services, the Daly Group is able to offer Daly Credit Corporation, attorneys RL Daly and other enterprise development call centre businesses cost-effective services at highly competitive rates.
The company is excited and optimistic that its move to the new Daly Group building will facilitate its vision of becoming the leader in innovative, intelligent and ethical customer experience services in the debt collections industry, the skills training industry, the BPO industry and in the LPO industry, where its slogan is: "Influencing via innovation and business intelligence".
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Comes with: Coravin Model Two, 2 Coravin Capsules, Coravin Wine Bottle Sleeve, Spray Mat, Needle Clearing Tool.
Coravin's newest and best performing system lets you access, pour, and enjoy wine from a bottle – without pulling the cork. Taste, share, compare, and explore wines without committing to the whole bottle. The improved non-coring, faster pouring needle allows access to wine without cork damage. The new Coravin Model Two keeps your wine safe from oxidation, allowing you to enjoy your wine one relaxing glass at a time. Each Coravin Model Two Plus bundle includes two pressurized Coravin argon gas capsules, Coravin protective wine bottle sleeve, spray mat, needle cleaning tool and carry case.
How many glasses can be poured per cartridge?
BEST ANSWER: 15 glasses of wine (5 oz. pours).
Does the needle need to be cleared after each use?
BEST ANSWER: If you intend on using it on several different bottles, I would recommend that the needle be cleaned on each use.
Do you leave the Coravin unit in the bottle until the bottle is finished? Wondering if it can be used on more than one bottle at a time.
BEST ANSWER: No. Once you've inserted the Coravin, tipped the bottle, pushed the lever, and poured the wine that you want - you then remove the Coravin from the bottle. The Argon gas remains in the bottle preventing oxidation and you can set the bottle away. I've found that the Coravin can be used 3-4 times per bottle until the cork loses its integrity and starts to leak. No complaints - it works great.
Hi Linda, oh no, you do not leave it in. That is the beauty of this device - I can sample three Cabs at one time without compromising the full bottles. As a single person, I LOVE IT! Each night I can drink a glass of a different wine without having to finish bottles before they go bad!
Thank you Laura. I am the only one who drinks wine in my house so I always have unfinished bottles around.
You do NOT leave the Coravin needle in the bottle. You insert it, pour the wine (single pour) and remove the needle. It can then be used on another bottle. The cork automatically seals the small hole where the needle was inserted.
I use it to take a small amount out of a bottle to see how it is keeping. I have never left it in a bottle of if I plan on drinking it I go ahead and open it.
No, you can take it out; the cork should reseal itself. It can be used with more than one bottle at a time.
The Coravin is used only when pouring. The cork will reseal on its own.
Does it work with plastic corks?
BEST ANSWER: No, as the plastic won't reseal like cork will.
Hi, this is not recommended as the plastic will not reseal like cork will.
JYOTI K - will the plastic cork will reseal itself like natural cork?
I've heard of bottles exploding, has this been a known issue, is the model 2 addressing this?
BEST ANSWER: would say it might happen,that is why they give you a bag to put it in. I would say a bottle that does explode would be one with flaw in glass. I have seen it happen when bottles are filled on a bottling line, doesn't happen often, but it does.so far I really like the way the unit works.
Coravin now includes a sleeve for the bottle. One would need to be careful, especially on older wines, that there are no cracks and that too much pressure is not used.
I have used the model 2 maybe 3 or 4 times since I bought it and have not had an issue with any bottle exploding. You should use the sleeve when you use the Coravin.
If I use the gas bottle for one pour how long will the gas bottle last without use or should I take the gas bottle out?
BEST ANSWER: Jim B, After loading the Coravin argon capsule you will not need to remove it until it has been fully used up. While installed the capsule shouldn't leak any argon from the capsule at all, so unused it will last for quite a while.
How long does a capsule last? What is replacement cost?
BEST ANSWER: The Coravin Model Two Wine System capsule should pour up to 15 glasses of wine. Refills are available.
If it really is non-coring, why should we need to clean the needle after each use?
BEST ANSWER: If the same wine is being poured, there is no need to clean, but if one is pouring different wines, it may be a good idea to clean so the wines are not mixing with each other.
So far it has worked great tasting wines one and two weeks after initial puncture. Having a lot of fun trying small amounts of multiple wines at one time.
A great way to have a glass of good wine and not ruin the rest of the bottle if you don't want to drink the whole thing in one day.
So far so good altho' you run through cartridges pretty quickly.
Once again, Darren Gold has been great in helping me with the purchase. I always - and only - buy my products from Darren.
I have both the original and new model units.
They did say that if I bought a "3rd" unit, they would send me a free needle and case. Having spent over $600 already, you think they would do the right thing here from a service-perspective.
Purchased one for myself about a year or two ago. Just bought two recently as gifts. Recipients are wine drinkers but other members of their family are not ones who would enjoy finishing the bottle.
Allows the recipient to enjoy without the guilt of wasting the entire bottle.
Works as advertised. Very easy to use. Just wish it had a more substantial feel.
Perfect gift for your self or others to enjoy a nice bottle over a week!
Found if you wanted a glass in the bottom half of bottle I had to remove the Corvin unit and drink the balance of the wine. Sort of defeats the purpose of the Corvin concept.
i haven't had this system long enough to give it a 5 star rating but so far it is working well. I need to have it preserve a bottle for a week or 2 to really test it.
I really haven't had it long enough to know how well the wine in the bottle will hold up, time will tell. The system is pretty easy to use,seems to be built well enough.ask me again in 6 months or so and I will tell you how the bootlegs I have used it on are doing.
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What is the best way to build a porch that looks like an arbor?
Are you considering a porch or an entryway that has lattice?
Not lattice, but more like a rustic pergola.
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I have an interesting question about string and delimiters.
There is a random string str.
There are some symbols (OR SEQUENCES OF SYMBOLS) that are predefined and should be temporarily replaced within that string by replace function.
var str1 = str.replace(/abc/g, 'newchar1').replace(/,/g, 'newchar2'); // which replaces abcoccurencies and commas with newchar1 and newchar2 respectively.
and expect to have the same number of abc and commas and in the same places as before any changes.
newchar1 may exist in the string before. and that's a problem.
That way I need to create a random hash for each delimiter (let's say 4-character random string) and check first it is not a part of an original string.
Moreover, the hashes for each delimiter should differ from each other.
Moreover, the hashes should not be the part of each other. Otherwise see what happens, if ("aa", "ac", "cd') - 3 generated hashes for ("abc", ",", "W") respectively. Good enough? Well.. Let's see... See what bad happens with this str string: aabcW,kkk ====step1====> aaacdackkk ====step2====> abc,d,kkk. Oh, unexpected result - different number of commas, lost info.
So, what's the algorithm to properly generate, say, five hashes to replace five substrings within a string and making the reverse operation as described above without losing any info?
So, here is my answer for What's the algorithm to properly generate let's call five hashes to replace five substrings within a string and making the reverse operation as described above without losing any info?
Create the shortest "aaaa...a" string that doesn't occur within an original str string. Let it be "aaaaaa" (six "a").
Then add any symbol. Let it be "1". The first "hash" for the string is ready: "aaaaaa1aaaaaa".
The second would be "bb1bb" (or "bb2bb" or whatever in the middle) if no bb mets in the string.
The third would be "ccc1ccc" (or "ccc9ccc" or whatever in the middle) if no ccc mets in the string (otherwise, if ccc mets in the string, then check for occurence of four cccc and use "cccc9cccc").
The fours would be "ddddddddd1ddddddddd"
And the fifth would be "e1e" (if no "e" characters met in the str at all).
Why do I need "aaaaaa1aaaaaa" but not "aaaaaa"? that's because "a" may be met right before the first "delimiter". I don't want to grab upon the reverse step the first a but not last from "aaaaaa". That's why I suggest "aaaaaa1aaaaaa".
To make these hashes shorter, two letters (not one) may be used to create hashes: let's say any combination of (a, b) letters for the first "hash", (c, d) for the second hash and so on. The hashes expected to take less bytes at average.
Any comments are highly appreciated. Thank you.
I would suggest a different approach. There are two Unicode characters in the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), U+FFFE and U+FFFF, which are reserved, do not represent actual characters, and which Unicode says are intended for process-internal uses.
Since no valid Unicode string can contain them, you can remove any that are present in your input, use them (or combinations of them) as replacements, and then substitute the original strings for them at the end without concern that there are valid occurrences of them in the string.
There are other Unicode noncharacters that could also be used. See the Unicode Private-Use Characters, Noncharacters & Sentinels FAQ for more information. Note that if you do use noncharacters you must only use them internally; they must be stripped out of the text before you save it, send it on, or otherwise pass it to someone else.
With utf-16 you have 1,112,064 characters. So any string shorter than a million characters will give you over a hundred thousand possible replacement characters.
In general I don't think it is possible to make unique placeholders simply by adding character to them. There is always be a string which when converted gives an ambiguous result.
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Article: 271218 – SBS ‘The Fans’ will be Broadcasted on the 29th, and the ‘Power Influencer’ with 7.16 million followers, Singer Sandara Park will be Appearing.
Sandara appeared as a “Power Influencer” on the recent ‘The Fans’ recording and received a warm cheer from fan masters & audiences.According crew, Sandara is also a creator of YouTube’s Dara TV, which has 450,000 subscribers. It is likely to dominate the strong online fan base.
In a recent recording, Sandara Park reportedly sent fanmasters into a frenzy with unusual fan hearts.’Power Influencer’ Sandara Park’s performance can be seen on ‘The Fan’ which is broadcasted at 6 pm on the 29th.
The Fan, which will be broadcasted on the day, will be staged as the first broadcast in the third round and will have a one-to-one showdown.
We asked them about childhood memories at this year’s Penshoppe FanCon.
Here’s a fun, totally random fact to kick off your Buwan ng Wika celebration: international K-pop superstar Dara traces her motivations to become a singer back to a high school Linggo ng Wika performance.
Dara, or Sandara Park to all you OG Star Circle Quest fans, revealed that interesting tidbit during her press conference for this year’s Penshoppe FanCon with Weightlifting Fairy Kim Bok Joo star Nam Joo Hyuk. During the Q&A portion, I asked both Joo Hyuk and Dara to recall their most On Brand™ childhood memory and they both delivered (with the latter albeit slightly embarrassed).
Dara answered first by reminding us of her Filipino roots, telling the press “When I was young, I was the super super shy type. I remember, kumanta ako noong Linggo ng Wika during my high school days, and that’s the day that changed my life.” She continued by saying that her friends praised her singing abilities after the performance, and that’s when she got the self-confidence that jumpstarted her career as a singer.
Joo Hyuk, meanwhile, sheepishly explained that growing up near the beach in Busan made him the chill person he is today, especially because he and his friends would just hang out and swim all the time.
Their answers told me that 1) Dara truly is our Pambansang Krung Krung and 2) Joo Hyuk is the shy type who seems to be down for anything; the kind that’d make you uwu out loud just because.
Those personalities emerged even more later that afternoon at the FanCon proper. Fanmeet veterans know the drill: a straightforward program usually consisting of a video, Q&A, some fan games, and a hi touch. The Penshoppe FanCon was on a whole other level, packing all of that with a rave, mini-concert, and fashion show in a bit over three hours. Before the main event, we were treated to performances by DJ Tom Taus, the Philippine All-Stars, Keiko Necesario, IV of Spades and Club Penshoppe PH ambassadors Khalil Ramos, Maris Racal, Ronnie Alonte and Loisa Andalio. Add the unveiling of Penshoppe’s nostalgic Pre-Holiday 2018 collection to complete the whole experience.
The wait for the stars of the hour was long, but the fans brought on the energy the entire time. RIP to my eardrums, which are still recovering as of this writing. When Dara and Joo Hyuk came out, the sold-out arena went wild, screaming whenever the pair so much as breathed.
Heck, even my fellow media people couldn’t control themselves. I’m looking at you, photographer who was jumping up and down with the 2NE1 lightstick, screaming “I love you Dara!” and all the reporters in my section doing finger hearts at Joo Hyuk. During the game portion, envious fans squealed when Joo Hyuk broke out of his shell and passionately hugged a fan while reenacting a scene from Weightlifting Fairy. We all melted. Dara’s fashion pose game was also a crowd fave, with participants really bringing their A-game to each pose.
The night ended with Filipino stans well-fed, and Dara and Joo Hyuk throwing all their love back to them.
Article: 180309 – Oh Yeon Seo, revealed she got an Invitation to do the Famous “DARA TOUR” with Sandara Park!
In an interview with Joy News 24 Korea, Cheese in the Trap star Oh Yeon Seo reveals that she got an invitation to do the famous “DARA TOUR” with Sandara Park.
Article: Netflix & YG Entertainment To Launch A New Sitcom-Variety Show. Sandara Park Likely To Guest On The Show!
YG FSO will feature YG artists including Seungri of K-pop idol group Big Bang, Yoo Byung-jae of SNL Korea fame and Lee Jae-jin of idol group Sechs Kies. Other artists from YG Entertainment such as Sandara Park, Winner, iKON, and Blackpink are expected to appear on the show as guest stars.
“YG FSO features Seungri as the head of YG’s newly formed department, The Future Strategy Office, where many of YG’s troublemakers have been sent. The sitcom series will follow Seungri and his team of misfits as they work to regain their place in the company,” says Netflix in its statement.
The eight-episode series broadcast date is yet to be announced.
Article: 10 SUPER FACTS ABOUT DARA!
OK, calm down, Blackjacks— that’s not even the best part! Sandara also reveals she already has five tracks done and she has been working on her first-ever solo album since summer this year. “Nakakatawa, I started working on my album this summer, the first songs pa- discodisco pa. Tapos, biglang winter na, sabi ko sa producer ko gusto ko naman ng mga sad songs. Sabi niya lang sakin: HA?” OMG, we’ll be expecting a good mix of tracks from this album then!
Trans: its so funny, I started working on my album this summer, the 1st song is disco type. Then suddenly its winter, i told my producer that I like to have some sad songs. He/She said: Ha?
tapos kakanta ako,” she says. Sandara also reveals that she’s hoping it’s an acoustic track! We just hope she will collaborate with YG’s newest artist ONE.
Trans:Dream music collaboration “My ideal collaboration is with a rapper— a lot of them in YG! Maybe I can get them onboard, then I will sing,” she says. Sandara also reveals that she’s hoping it’s an acoustic track! We just hope she will collaborate with YG’s newest artist ONE.
Whenever Sandara mentions she’s now a YouTuber in her Dara TV vlogs, she always says it in disbelief. “Syempre hindi pa ako ’yung professional na vlogger, but it’s really fun! You just need one camera and you shoot whatever you want and it already becomes one episode,” Dara says.
Trans: Of course im not a professional vlogger yet, but it’s realky fun! You just need one camera and you shoot whatever you want and it already becomes one episode,” Dara says.
She says she is the talent, director, producer of her own vlogs, but always credits the amazing Dara TV team for their amazing cuts and edits. Next on Dara TV are vlogs on her recent birthday celebration, Boracay trip with Seungri of BigBang, covers of songs (which includes OPM hits), and her favorite Seoul restaurants. One of Super’s suggestions is her skincare routine, but Dara reveals there’s nothing special about it as she only does three to four steps of the famed 10step Korean skincare regimen.
She finished shooting “Cheese In The Trap” last July. You’ll finally get to see DaraHae (her tandem with Park Hae-jin) on the big screen in February 2018— we just hope it shows in Philippine cinemas, too!
Dara loves rom-coms. She recently just finished watching “Temperature of Love” and says she would probably do well playing similar characters of the drama’s lead female role.
“Mas alam ko ang Manila kaysa sa Seoul, sa totoo lang,” Sandara reveals. She can’t suggest her top Seoul spots, but she says you must eat spicy rice cakes on the streets and Korean-style ribs! She also promises to make a vlog on the best Seoul restaurants soon.
Trans: Manila vs Seoul Actually, i know more about Manila than Seoul ,” Sandara reveals. She can’t suggest her top Seoul spots, but she says you must eat spicy rice cakes on the streets and Korean-style ribs! She also promises to make a vlog on the best Seoul restaurants soon.
Our friends from Penshoppe reveal that apart from her usual Jollibee and Gerry’s Grill food runs, Dara loves Potato Corner, too! Don’t you just love it when you share something similar with your idol?
“Krung-krung ako pero I love simple clothes. I’m obsessed with white shirts! I want to draw on plain white ( and maybe black) shirts. Gustung-gusto ko ’yung ‘Different is good’ ng Penshoppe tapos I’ll add different drawings and written phrases,” Sandara says. We’ll definitely be waiting for those shirts to hit the racks!
Trans: I am Krung-krung but I love simple clothes. I’m obsessed with white shirts! I want to draw on plain white (and maybe black) shirts. I really really like Penshoppe’s “Different is good” then i’ll add different drawings and written phrases,” Sandara says. We’ll definitely be waiting for those shirts to hit the racks!
If you haven’t noticed yet, Sandara’s current Penshoppe favorites are its old school hoodies —she even wore the one on her flight going to Manila! But what’s not to love about these holiday warmers? They’re cozy, simple, with just a touch of color.
Article: Sandara Park is Worth the Wait! Some Blackjacks Shared Their Story on Why Sandara Park is Worth The Wait!
Since Penshoppe Presents Dara was announced on social media, Sandara fans and Blackjacks alike had marked their calendars for the much-awaited fan meeting. There was only one place to be on the first day of December—the Kia Theater in Quezon City.
It seemed like an ordinary day for the rest of Manila, but at the entrance of this Cubao theater, fans of all ages (some even required mommy’s supervision), patiently queued hours before the event.
One of them was Roxanne Sergio, who came as early as 4:30 a.m. to line up. She was the first one at the venue, and she has the fast jeep ride from Antipolo City to Cubao to thank.
This 21-year-old has been a fan of Sandara Park since her Star Circle Quest days.
This is the first time she’s seeing her idol in the flesh, she said, courtesy of the recent purchase she made of a pair of denim jeans and Sandara’s current favorite, the white Penshoppe hoodie.
“Tiwala naman ako sa voice niya, even if she is performing alone. I hope she sings the classic 2NE1 songs because I’m sure they arranged it to fit her voice, and I can’t wait to hear that,” Roxanne told Super.
She ended up with a much deserved front-row seat, and can even see herself from the photo Sandara posted after the fan meet. Patience is indeed a virtue.
Some of Sandara’s fans came straight from their classes that day, too. A pair of college Accounting sophomores started their school day at 6:15 a.m., and after five classes, they rushed to the Kia Theater.
“We still listen to 2NE1 songs everyday, and today we’ll get to scream like there’s no tomorrow,” Kianna Villareal and Shannen Laforteza said. While in line, the girls gushed about Dara’s chemistry with Bigbang’s G-Dragon, and ranted about the artist’s online bashers.
“Don’t let yourself get affected by the mean things they say,” they told Dara.
These two girls, can’t imagine ending their long day (and starting the month of December) any other way—and we can’t blame them. Sandara Park, even without the rest of the 2NE1 gang, was worth the long wait.
“That night was a real flashback Friday night for all Blackjacks. It left me with such good vibes that will keep me smiling til the end of the month,” Roxanne shared after the concert.
The earlybird-slash-fangirl also came up with a message to her idol using the night’s setlist (brace yourself for some cheesiness): “DO YOU LOVE ME as a Blackjack? Because you lit up the FIRE in my heart. Maybe IT HURTS not to see the other members onstage but you proved ‘I AM THE BEST.’ The Blackjacks, including myself, will always be GOOD TO YOU—and CL, Bom and Minzy. We’re MISSING YOU already,” she said.
As she carried the same message of every fan in that theater that night. This young girl only had one hope—that, maybe, Sandara will be able to read it.
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Mohenjo-daro (Urdu: موئن جودڑو, Sindhi: موئن جو دڙو, English: Mound of the dead)—a city of the Indus Valley Civilization built around 2600 B.C.E., located in the Sindh Province of Pakistan. That ancient 5,000–year–old city constitutes the largest of Indus Valley, widely recognized as one of the most important early cities of South Asia and the Indus Valley Civilization. Mohenjo Daro, one of the world’s first cities and contemporaneous with ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations, has been sometimes referred to as "An Ancient Indus Valley Metropolis."
The discovery of Mohenjo-daro led to tremendous excitement in the archeological and historical worlds. Although the beginning of the Indus Valley Civilization predated the founding of Mohenjo-daro, and thousands of villages and towns had been discovered throughout the region occupied by the Indus Valley people, Mohenjo-daro represented the largest, most sophisticated city discovered. As work with the archeological dig progressed, archaeologists believed that they had discovered the key city in the civilization, existing during the flowering of the Indus Valley Civilization from 2600 B.C.E. to 1700 B.C.E. Keys to the foundation of the world's religions that appeared in the region, including Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism, as well as the nations and empires that appeared later, lay within the unearthed city.
Mohenjo Daro, built around 2600, had been abandoned around 1700 B.C.E.. Sir John Marshall's archaeologists rediscovered it in the 1920s. His car, still in the Mohenjo-daro museum, shows his presence, struggle, and dedication for Mohenjo-daro. Ahmad Hasan Dani and Mortimer Wheeler carried out further excavations in 1945. Mohenjo-daro in ancient times had been most likely the administrative center of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization. The most developed and advanced city in South Asia during its peak, Mohenjo-daro's planning and engineering showed the importance of the city to the people of the Indus valley.
The Indus Valley Civilization (c. 3300–1700 B.C.E., flowered 2600–1900 B.C.E.), abbreviated IVC, had been an ancient riverine civilization that flourished in the Indus river valley in Pakistan and north-west India. "Harappan Civilization" had been another name for this civilization.
The Indus Valley civilization had been one of the most ancient civilizations, on the banks of Indus River. The Indus culture blossomed over the centuries and gave rise to the Indus Valley Civilization around 3000 B.C.E. The civilization spanned much of Pakistan, but suddenly went into decline around 1800 B.C.E. Indus Civilization settlements spread as far south as the Arabian Sea coast of India, as far west as the Iranian border, and as far north as the Himalayas. Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, as well as Lothal numbered among the settlements the major urban centers.
Mohenjo-Daro, 25 km southwest of Larkana, had been the center of the Indus Valley Civilization 2600 B.C.E.-1700 B.C.E.
Mohenjo-daro had been a remarkable construction, considering its antiquity. It has a planned layout based on a grid of streets, laid out in perfect patterns. At its height the city probably had around 35,000 residents. The buildings of the city, of particularly advanced designed, had structures constructed of same-sized sun dried bricks of baked mud and burned wood. The public buildings of those cities also suggest a high degree of social organization.
The great granary at Mohenjo-daro, designed with bays, received carts delivering crops from the countryside. Ducts exist for air to circulate beneath the stored grain to dry it. Close to the granary, a building similarly civic in nature stands: a great public bath, with steps down to a brick-lined pool in a colonnaded courtyard. The elaborate bath area had been extremely well built, with a layer of natural tar to keep it from leaking, and in the center stood the pool. Measuring 12m x 7m, with a depth of 2.4m, the pool had been likely used for religious or spiritual ceremonies.
The houses had been designed and constructed to protect inhabitants from noise, odors, and thieves. That urban plan included the world's first urban sanitation systems. Within the city, individual homes or groups of homes obtained water from wells. Some of the houses included rooms that appear to have been set aside for bathing, waste water diverted to covered drains, which lined the major streets. Houses opened only to inner courtyards and smaller lanes. A variety of buildings stood up to two stories high. Being an agricultural city, it featured a large well, and central marketplace. It had a building with an underground furnace (hypocaust), possibly for heated bathing.
Defensively, Mohenjo-daro constituted a well fortified city. Lacking city walls, it did have towers to the west of the main settlement, and defensive fortifications to the south. Considering those fortifications and the structure of other major Indus valley cities like Harappa, lead to the question of whether Mohenjo-daro served as an administrative center. Both Harappa and Mohenjo-daro share relatively the same architectural layout, generally lightly fortified like other Indus Valley sites. Obviously, considering the identical city layouts of all Indus sites, they served in some kind of political or administrative capacity, although the extent and functioning of an administrative center remains unclear. .
Mohenjo-daro had been successively destroyed and rebuilt at least seven times. Each time, the new cities built directly on top of the old ones. Flooding by the Indus may have been the cause of destruction. The city divided into two parts, the Citadel and the Lower City. Most of the Lower City remains uncovered, but that the Citadel had the public bath, a large residential structure designed to house 5,000 citizens and two large assembly halls, has been determined. Mohenjo-daro, Harappa and their civilization, vanished without trace from history until discovered in the 1920s. Although extensively excavated in the 1920s, in-depth excavations suspended in the 1960s.
"There is her little Baluchi-style face with pouting lips and insolent look in the eye. She's about fifteen years old I should think, not more, but she stands there with bangles all the way up her arm and nothing else on. A girl perfectly, for the moment, perfectly confident of herself and the world. There's nothing like her, I think, in the world."
John Marshall, one of the excavators at Mohenjo-Daro, described her as a vivid impression of the young ... girl, her hand on her hip in a half-impudent posture, and legs slightly forward as she beats time to the music with her legs and feet.
The artistry of that statuette has remained recognizable today, telling of a strange, but at least fleetingly recognizable past. As author Gregory Possehl says, "We may not be certain that she was a dancer, but she was good at what she did and she knew it." The statue could well be of some queen or other important woman of the Indus Valley Civilization judging from the authority the figure commands.
Seated male sculpture, or "Priest King" (even though no evidence exists that either priests or kings ruled the city). That 17.5 cm tall statue represents another artifact which has become a symbol for the Indus valley civilization. Archaeologists discovered the sculpture in Lower town at Mohenjo-Daro in 1927, found in an unusual house with ornamental brickwork and a wall niche, lying between brick foundation walls which once held up a floor.
This bearded sculpture wears a fillet around the head, an armband, and a cloak decorated with trefoil patterns that were originally filled with red pigment. The two ends of the fillet, falling along the back and though the hair, has been carefully combed towards the back of the head, without a bun. The flat back of the head may have held a separately carved bun, like the other traditional seated figures, or it could have held a more elaborate horn and plumed headdress.
Two holes beneath the highly stylized ears suggest that a necklace or other head ornament had been attached to the sculpture. The left shoulder, covered with a cloak decorated with trefoil, has double circle and single circle designs originally filled with red pigment. Drill holes in the center of each circle indicate they had been made with a specialized drill and then touched up with a chisel. Eyes, deeply incised, may have held inlay. The shaved upper lip and a short combed beard frames the face. The large crack in the face resulted from weathering or may have happened in the original firing of that object.
UNESCO designated Mohenjo-daro a World Heritage Site. The most extensive recent work at the site has focused on attempts at conservation of the standing structures, undertaken by UNESCO in collaboration with the Department of Archaeology and Museums, as well as various foreign consultants. In December 1996, preservation work at the 500-acre site suspended after funding from the government and international organisations ran out, according to a resident archaeologist.
In April 1997, the UN Educational, Scientific and Culture Organization (UNESCO) funded $10 million to a project to be conducted over two decades to protect the Mohenjo-daro ruins from flooding. That project has been a success so far. UNESCO's efforts to save Mohenjo-daro has been one of the key events that led the organization to establish World Heritage Sites.
Dales, George F., Jonathan M. Kenoyer, and Leslie Alcock. Excavations at Mohenjo Daro, Pakistan The Pottery. University Museum monograph, 53. Philadelphia: University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, 1986. ISBN 9780934718523.
Lahiri, Nayanjot. Finding Forgotten Cities How the Indus Civilization Was Discovered. London: Seagull, 2006. ISBN 9781905422180.
Marshall, John Hubert. Mohenjo-Daro and the Indus Civilization Being an Official Account of Archæological Excavations at Mohenjo-Daro Carried Out by the Government of India between the Years 1922 and 1927. London: A. Probsthain, 1931. OCLC 5298990.
Westwood, Jennifer. The Atlas of Mysterious Places The World's Unexplained Sacred Sites, Symbolic Landscapes, Ancient Cities, and Lost Lands. New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1987. ISBN 9781555841300.
This page was last modified on 13 October 2018, at 16:14.
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My four year old daughter has type 1 diabetes. I also have a one year old son, and I recently read a study suggesting that Vitamin D supplements can prevent the onset of type 1 diabetes. Should I be giving my son Vitamin D supplements due to his increased risk for type 1 diabetes?
There is evidence that Vitamin D derivatives are immunomodulatory and do protect against type 1A (autoimmune) diabetes. The most comprehensive study of this comes from EURODIAB, entitled Vitamin D supplement in early childhood and risk for Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, which was published in Diabetologia in 1999. However, the results were not dramatic.
If you pursue this idea further, it would be important to do it in collaboration with your son's paediatrician because giving more than the RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance) of vitamin D can produce a hypercalcemic [high blood calcium] syndrome.
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This article is about centre Andy McDonald. For defenceman Andrew MacDonald, see Andrew MacDonald (ice hockey).
Andy McDonald (born August 25, 1977) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. He played for the Anaheim Ducks and the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL), winning the Stanley Cup with Anaheim in 2007.
McDonald was first coached by his father, who originally had him play defence, but moved him to forward when it became evident he would be too small to make a career as a defenceman. He played in the Strathroy & District Minor Hockey Association and moved onto the Elgin-Middlesex Chiefs AAA team.
Andy played Junior B hockey for the Strathroy Rockets. In 1994–1995, he was named the Rockets Most Valuable Player and had the best plus-minus as a forward. From the OHA he received Eastern Division MVP, League MVP, and the OHA Player of the Year. In 1995–1996, he again had the best plus-minus as a forward, was Rocket Player of the Year, MVP, and Playoff MVP. He also received the Eastern Division MVP, League MVP, and League Player of the Year that season. In the playoffs Andy scored the game-winning goal in overtime of game six against the Aylmer Aces that gave the Rockets a huge upset win and their first playoff series win in 19 years.
After being spotted playing in the Western Ontario Junior Hockey League by Stan Moore and Chris Wells, Andy spent four years with a full scholarship at Colgate University alongside fellow Strathroy native Darryl Campbell, the older brother of NHL defenseman Brian Campbell. He led the Division I Red Raiders, culminating his career there with an ECAC scoring championship, being named the ECAC Player of the Year, being selected for the ECAC All-Star Team and was a finalist for the coveted Hobey Baker Award and an All-American. He graduated with a degree in International Relations.
He went undrafted and was signed as a free agent by Anaheim in 2000. On December 3, 2000, he scored his first NHL goal against Jamie Storr of the Los Angeles Kings. McDonald represented Team Canada at the 2002 World Championships in Sweden, where he led the team in goals and points.
Concussion problems plagued his first three seasons with the Ducks, and he was forced to sit and watch when the team made a run at the Stanley Cup in 2003.
McDonald spent the 2004–05 lockout season playing overseas in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga with team ERC Ingolstadt, along with fellow NHLers Marco Sturm, Jamie Langenbrunner, and Aaron Ward.
On January 19, 2007, McDonald was selected to play in his first NHL All-Star game, replacing Detroit Red Wings forward Henrik Zetterberg who was injured. During the skills competition, McDonald won the fastest skater challenge, finishing with a time of 14.03 seconds (Dylan Larkin holds the record of 13.172).
On June 4, 2007, during game four of the Stanley Cup finals against the Ottawa Senators, McDonald contributed on all 3 of the Ducks goals, scoring two goals and an assist, en route to a 3–2 victory. McDonald was named the first star of the game on the official scoresheet. He finished with five goals in the series as the Ducks won the Stanley Cup in five games.
On December 14, 2007, in order for the Anaheim Ducks to free up salary cap space for Scott Niedermayer, McDonald was traded to the St. Louis Blues for Doug Weight.
McDonald fractured his leg in a game against the Montreal Canadiens on November 16, 2008. Despite this McDonald later returned and in February 2009, he signed a four-year extension with the Blues.
McDonald announced his retirement on June 6, 2013, citing concussion issues as the main reason for his decision.
McDonald and his wife Gina have two children together, a son and a daughter.
^ "BODO EARNS DIVISION I SCHOLARSHIP". pointstreaksites.com. 2009-10-02. Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
^ "Blues' McDonald retires, concerned with concussions". TSN. 2013-06-06. Retrieved 2013-06-06.
^ "McDonalds welcome baby". Orange County Register. 2007-10-09. Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2010-04-05.
^ Rutherford, Jeremy (June 6, 2013). "Blues' McDonald to retire amid concussion concerns". St. Louis Dispatch. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
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Water, frisbee and having my nose stroked.
A mixed-breed dog or mutt is a dog that does not belong to one recognised breed and is not the result of intentional breeding. Estimates place their numbers at 150 million animals worldwide. Although the term "mixed-breed dog" is preferred by some, many mongrels have no known purebred ancestors. Furthermore, crossbreed dogs, while literally a mix of breeds, differ from mongrels in being intentionally bred. Although mongrels have at times been considered somehow lesser than intentionally bred dogs, they tend to be less susceptible to genetic health problems associated with dog breeding, and have enthusiasts and defenders who prefer them to intentionally bred dogs.
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For other uses, see Flamenco.
A flamenco guitar is a guitar similar to a classical guitar but with thinner tops and less internal bracing. It is used in toque, the guitar-playing part of the art of flamenco.
The traditional flamenco guitar is made of Spanish cypress, sycamore, or rosewood for the back and sides, and spruce for the top. This (in the case of cypress and sycamore) accounts for its characteristic body color. Flamenco guitars are built lighter with thinner tops than classical guitars, which produces a "brighter" and more percussive sound quality. Builders also use less internal bracing to keep the top more percussively resonant. The top is typically made of either spruce or cedar, though other tone woods are used today. Volume has traditionally been very important for flamenco guitarists, as they must be heard over the sound of the dancers’ nailed shoes. To increase volume, harder woods, such as rosewood, can be used for the back and sides, with softer woods for the top.
In contrast to the classical guitar, the flamenco is often equipped with a tap plate (a golpeador), commonly made of plastic, similar to a pickguard, whose function is to protect the body of the guitar from the rhythmic finger taps, or golpes.
Originally, all guitars were made with wooden tuning pegs, that pass straight through the headstock, similar to those found on a lute, a violin or oud, as opposed to the modern classical-style guitars' geared tuning mechanisms.
"Flamenco negra" guitars are called "negra" after the darker of the harder woods used in their construction, similar materials to those of high-end classical guitars, such as rosewood or other dense tone woods. The harder materials increase volume and tonal range. A typical cypress flamenco guitar produces more treble and louder percussion than the more sonorous negra. These guitars strive to capture some of the sustain achieved by concert caliber classical guitars while retaining the volume and attack associated with flamenco.
Classical guitars are generally made with spruce or cedar tops and rosewood or mahogany backs and sides to enhance sustain. Flamenco guitars are generally made with spruce tops and cypress or sycamore for the backs and sides to enhance volume and emphasize the attack of the note. Nevertheless, other types of wood may be used for the back and sides, like rosewood, maple, koa, satinwood and caviuna.
A well-made flamenco guitar responds quickly, and typically has less sustain than a classical. This is desirable, since the flurry of notes that a good flamenco player can produce might sound muddy on a guitar with a big, lush, sustaining sound. The flamenco guitar's sound is often described as percussive; it tends to be brighter, drier and more austere than a classical guitar. Some jazz and Latin guitarists like this punchy tonality, and some players have even discovered that these guitars’ wide-ranging sound also works well for the contrapuntal voicings of Renaissance and Baroque music.
Flamenco is played somewhat differently from classical guitar. Players use different posture, strumming patterns, and techniques. Flamenco guitarists are known as tocaores (from an Andalusian pronunciation of tocadores, "players") and flamenco guitar technique is known as toque.
Flamenco players tend to play the guitar between the sound hole and the bridge, but as closely as possible to the bridge, to produce a harsher, rasping sound quality. Unlike classical tirando, where the strings are pulled parallel to the soundboard, in flamenco apoyando strings are struck towards the soundboard in such way that the striking finger is caught and supported by the next string, hence the name apoyando (from Spanish apoyar meaning "to support"). At times, this style of playing causes the vibrating string to gently touch the frets along its length, causing a more percussive sound.
While a classical guitarist supports the guitar on the right leg, and holds it at an incline, flamenco guitarists usually cross their legs and support the guitar on whichever leg is on top, placing the neck of the guitar nearly parallel to the floor. The different position accommodates the different playing techniques. Many of the tremolo, golpe, and rasgueado techniques are easier and more relaxed if the upper right arm is supported at the elbow by the body of the guitar rather than by the forearm as in classical guitar. Nonetheless, some flamenco guitarists use classical position.
Flamenco is commonly played using a cejilla (capo) which raises the pitch and causes the guitar to sound sharper and more percussive. However, the main purpose in using a cejilla is to change the key of the guitar to match the singer's vocal range. Because Flamenco is an improvisational musical form that uses common structures and chord sequences, the capo makes it easier for players who have never played together before to do so. Rather than transcribe to another key each time the singer changes, the player can move the capo and use the same chord positions. Flamenco uses a lot of highly modified and open chord forms to create a solid drone effect and leave at least one finger free to add melodic notes and movement. Very little traditional Flamenco music is written, but is mostly passed on hand to hand. Books, however are becoming more available.
Both accompaniment and solo flamenco guitar are based as much on modal as tonal harmonies; most often, both are combined.
Tirando: Pulling or plucking the strings – 'ordinary' plucking of the strings with index, middle and ring fingers when playing falsetas.
Picado: Single-line scale passages performed by playing alternately with the index and middle fingers, supporting the other fingers on the string immediately above. Alternate methods include using the thumb rapidly on adjacent strings, as well as using the thumb and index finger alternately, or combining all three methods in a single passage.
Rasgueado: Strumming done with outward flicks of the right hand fingers, done in a variety of ways. A nice rhythmic roll is obtained, supposedly reminiscent of the bailador’s (flamenco dancer's) feet and the roll of castanets. The rasgueo can be performed with 5, 4, or 3 fingers.
Arpeggio (Arpegio): In flamenco, both 'ordinary' – up the strings from lower notes to higher; and 'reverse' – down the strings from higher notes to lower; or the two together – up the strings then back down from lower notes to higher notes and down again on the lower notes.
Ligado: Using only the left hand fingers to 'hammer' down on a string in successive ascending frets to sound notes from lower to higher, while the right hand is held off the strings; also 'pulling' off a string in successive descending frets to sound notes from higher to lower.
Glisando: While holding a finger down on a note at one fret, sliding the finger up the frets of that string to glide the finger through a series of notes up or down (lower to higher or higher to lower); occasionally also used in flamenco.
Seco, or sometimes referred to as 'Sorda' (literally 'quiet', but here meaning 'muffled'; as opposed to 'Fuerte' – 'Strong'): A technique where the left hand damps the strings at the chordal tonic and the right hand plays purely rhythmic components. This creates a chugging like sound that greatly accents the rhythm, allowing the singer or dancer to play off the beat, creating a strong contra-tempo feel.
Golpe: Percussive finger tapping on the soundboard at the area above or below the strings. This requires a golpeador (tap-plate) to protect the surface of the guitar.
Flamenco guitar employs a vast array of percussive and rhythmic techniques that give the music its characteristic feel. Often, eighth note triplets are mixed with sixteenth note runs in a single bar. Even swung notes are commonly mixed with straight notes, and golpes are employed with the compas of different types of rhythms (i.e. bulerias, soleas, etc.) as is strumming with the strings damped for long passages or single notes.
Toque airoso ("graceful"): lively, rhythmic, with a brilliant, almost metallic sound.
^ Skiera, Ehrenhard; Schulze, Bernhard-friedrich; Claus Schreiner (1990). Flamenco: Gypsy Dance and Music from Andalusia. trans. Molly Comerford Peters. Portland, OR: Amadeus Press. p. 126.
^ Picados are the flamenco scales of a guitar, or a guitar playing technique where the musician plays scale passages by alternating the index and middle fingers. Picado is normally executed apoyando (with rest strokes). It is often used rapidly to play a melody. This technique is similar to that of the rest stroke played in classical guitar. The difference is that technique is of central importance in flamenco while peripheral in classical. This enables flamenco guitarists to perform rapid picados while compromising tone quality.
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Certain properties of objects or physical processes, such as the frequency of light or sound, the masses of the component parts of a molecule, or even the ideals of a political party, may have a wide variety of values. The distribution of these values, arranged in increasing or decreasing order, is the spectrum of that property. For example, sunlight is made up of many different colors of light, the full spectrum of which are revealed when sunlight is dispersed, as it is in a rainbow. Similarly, the distribution of sounds over a range of frequencies, such as a musical scale, is a sound spectrum. The masses of fragments from an ionized molecule, separated according to their mass-to-charge ratio, constitute a mass spectrum. Opposing political parties are often said to be on opposite ends of the (political) spectrum. The term spectrum is also used to describe the graphical illustration of a spectrum of values. The plural of spectrum is spectra.
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Would you recommend American Gods by Neil Gaiman to a friend?
@harrystebbings @twentyminutevc @neilhimself So glad you gave it a read and enjoyed!
I am in the process of reading this right now. Usually fiction doesn't enthrall me that much. But I guess its because this is so symbolic that I enjoy it so much. I am about halfway through and loving it.
The brainchild of two incredible writers.
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Do you first have to start show jumping before you do eventing?
In my country you have to pass the basic level dressage test before you can start showjumping, and have to pass the basic level showjumping course before you can start eventing. This is to make sure you can control your horse in dressage before you jump, and can control your horse and guide it around a course before you bring it into eventing/ cross country. Once you passed them you don't have to redo it when you have a new horse.
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My girlfriend and I had a great time in this cabin. Convenient activities and eateries. Might make it a yearly trip.
This rustic and cozy log chalet cabin in the Adirondack Mountains features two bedrooms with two bathrooms and can sleep up to six guests. The master bath is decorated entirely with natural stone slate tile and cedar wood and features a glass shower and a jetted jacuzzi tub.
The master bedroom features a queen-sized bed with a balcony looking out towards the Adirondack Mountains. The first-floor bedroom also has a queen-sized bed. In addition, there is an upstairs loft with a futon that can sleep two.
The upstairs bedroom includes a glorious walk-out balcony that guests can wake up and step out into a breathtaking view. In the upstairs bathroom, constructed entirely of slate tile and red cedar, features a relaxing large-sized Jacuzzi hot-tub and an immaculate glass shower. Radiant in-floor heating keeps the property thermal and cozy, making sure that guests keep warm especially in the winter months.
Outside, guests have a grill to their availability as a well as a fire pit for those chilly nights in the Adirondack. The exterior of the house features a vast deck, with Adirondack cedar chairs and overlooking the Ausable River.
Canoes and kayaks are available for guests' use once they sign a clause within house rental agreement.
The host provides plentiful firewood to burn in the fire pit.
Lake Placid is jam-packed with outdoor activities to partake in, from hiking the miles of marked trails, rock climbing the Adirondack cliffs, road biking mountain loops, and kayaking or paddle boarding on the lake. The winter season provides an entirely different array of activities, such as ice climbing, skiing and snowboarding, and ice fishing.
The Wild Center is an elevated trail across the treetops, including 81-acres of outdoors and a 54,000-square-foot museum. Families and couples alike will love the incredible experience of walking along the treetops, gaining an entirely new perspective of the world.
Holidays must be a four-night minimum stay.
There is a $300 refundable security deposit held on the guest's card to be refunded 48 hours after check out pending no damages.
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Pack comfort items for your child when they’re out and about. These may include a favorite toy, book, music or coloring supplies.
The holiday season can be a time of great joy, but for children with sensory issues, new schedules and once-a-year happenings can spell a-n-x-i-e-t-y.
1. Prepare a schedule. A verbal, visual or handwritten schedule is imperative for busy days with sensory-sensitive children, particularly days that include multiple transitions and activities that may be unfamiliar to your child. Discussing events in advance and reviewing them several times can help a child understand what’s next, clarify expectations and reduce anxiety. Using social stories that include the timeline, activities and who’ll be attending can be comforting for children. Encourage questions and plan for any foreseen obstacles.
2. Be mindful of your child’s sensory needs. Try to avoid predictably stressful scenarios. For example, if your child does not like crowds, try shopping early in the morning or at night. If loud noises bother your child, try a smaller venue, or offer ear plugs or noise-reducing headphones. Determine a “break area” to serve as a safe escape as needed in case your child becomes overstimulated or overwhelmed.
3. Enlist your “village.” Have a family meeting and discuss holiday plans/activities that include your child. Discuss expectations with your family and problem solve potential obstacles in advance with them.
4. Prioritize sleep and meal schedules. Try not to deviate too much from your child’s daily schedule, with special attention to meal and nap/bed times. Keeping these predictable and scheduled as usual will pay off when it’s time to transition back to school, too.
5. Take proactive breaks. Locate a calm space/relax zone for each place you go and when possible, determine it in advance. Bring your child’s comfort toy(s) and identify a code word that your child can use to indicate they’re distressed. These often provide children with a sense of control and can reduce anxiety. Many meltdowns have been avoided by taking pro-active breaks.
6. Keep your child comfortable. Pack comfort items for your child when they’re out and about. These may include a favorite toy, book, music or coloring supplies. Bring extra items for your child to share with others to encourage socialization, too. If your child loves to play on your smartphone or another digital device, limit its use and only provide it during agreed-upon times (unless the device is used for communication with you).
7. Stay on track-food sensitivities: If your child has food allergies or sensitivities that may prevent them from enjoying holiday treats, bring alternatives enough to share.
8. Keep your holiday décor simple: The holidays are filled with twinkling lights, festive music and many new scents. To acclimate your child to changes in their home environment, for example, involve them in decorating. Allow them to help decide what and where holiday décor should be placed. Involving them in decision making gives a child a sense of control and can lead to some great “ah-ha” moments between you, too.
Happy Holidays from Easterseals of Northeast Central Florida! We wish you all the love and joy the season brings.
Fueled by the mission of taking on disability together, Easterseals organizations around the world bring awareness, treatment and advocacy to adults and children with disabilities in America.
LIVE: These programs offer hands-on, comprehensive, vital services and support to help people reach their full potential—regardless of challenges, needs or disabilities. They include Agency for Persons with Disabilities - APD Application assistance, Autism Early Diagnostic and Functional Assessment Clinic, Feeding Aversion Clinic, Early Steps evaluation and treatment, an equipment loan program, Florida Telecommunications Relay, Inc., interpreter services, pediatric audiology, social skills training and more.
LEARN: These programs are designed to help children and adults learn—and often re-learn— basic functions, master skills needed to develop and thrive, and be sharp and active as they age. They include American Sign Language® classes, case management/service coordination, Child Development Centers, Easterseals Charter School, Pre-Kindergarten, Evelyn Lynn Child Development Center at Project WARM, school-based therapy, Voluntary Pre-Kindergarten and more.
WORK: These programs include a range of training, placement and related services that help people prepare for the workforce—because meaningful work is often the key to overcoming challenges and having a good life. Examples of Easterseals’ offerings include clinical training, Deaf advocacy, internships and physician in-services.
PLAY: Easterseals is committed to offering fun, healthy programs for children, adults and caregivers to relax, connect with friends and engage in constructive activities—all necessary to living the best life possible. These programs and activities include accessible playgrounds, Camp Challenge, Joey’s Gift Respite Care, social skills training, and Tiny Toes Play Group for Early Steps.
ACT: Easterseals is fortunate to have a vibrant community of friends and supporters who stand with those who face challenges by volunteering, advocating, donating and participating in events that inspire us all and sustain our cause. We encourage all citizens to get involved with Easterseals as an advocate, joining a board or committee, engaging in community collaboration, joining the Disability Coalition, contributing to the equipment loan closet, giving or donating funds, participating in special events and volunteering.
386-255-4568, 1-877-255-4568 (toll-free) or 386-310-1157 (videophone); emailing [email protected]; or visiting us online at www.eastersealsnecfl.org.
They may not present themselves with ground tremors or baby-powder breezes, but August and September are the busiest months for births.
Did you know that Easterseals offers direct services to little ones ages birth to 3 years and their families? The program is Early Steps North Beaches, and it’s part of a statewide system of early intervention services for families with infants and toddlers who are not reaching age-appropriate milestones.
Early Steps is a Florida Department of Health program overseen locally by Easterseals of Northeast Central Florida. Within the program is Early Steps North Beaches, which serves Volusia, Flagler, Lake, Sumter, and Putnam county families. Annually, more than 2,500 children ages birth to 3 years are referred to Early Steps North Beaches by hospitals, physicians, community agencies and even parents themselves.
Easterseals staff and volunteers operate the program in multiple locations and positions, to include service coordinators, speech therapists, development specialist and administrative management and support. At Early Steps, early intervention is provided to support families and caregivers to empower them to help their children learn developmentally appropriate skills where they live learn and play. Thus, most Early Steps interventions are home visits.
The purpose of Early Steps North Beach is to ensure that families of children with disabilities are equipped to enhance the development of their children within their everyday routines, activities and places.
Early Steps North Beaches is funded by federal resources made available under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, and is used after Medicaid, private insurance and third-party funds have been applied. Evaluation of prospective families includes an examination of the child’s physical domains, cognitive abilities, gross and fine-motor skills, communication abilities, social and emotional development and self-help skills.
Interested in learning more about Early Steps North Beaches? Those with questions about Early Steps and caregivers are seeking an evaluation for their child can contact one of the Early Steps office below for a referral and to set up an evaluation appointment. Evaluations are provided at no cost to families.
Shhh…don’t tell the children, but when they play, they are doing their most important work.
That’s why Easterseals’ Early Step North Beaches offers free playgroups for local Early Steps children and their siblings through December.
The playgroups consist of circle time and gross motor time. Circle time is focused on enhancing cognitive, speech and peer interaction skill through songs, stories and sensory activities. Gross motor time uses mats, slides and balls to encourage children to jump, climb, balance and play.
Caregivers must stay and participate with their child for the entire playgroup, and socks are required for playgroup playtime. For more details, contact Deanna M. McGrath, Early Steps Family Resource Specialist at 386-873-0365 X116 or email [email protected].
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Kate Bush has had an enormous impact on modern music, as a musician her adoption of the Yamaha CS-80 synth and CMI Fairlight sampler empowered her to be more creative. Bush released four albums before finally building her own studio in 1985, and subsequently released her fifth album, Hounds of Love. The album was an art-rock masterpiece with heavy synthpop overtones; it topped charts and is regarded as her finest album. On many of Kate Bush’s early albums, she used the Yamaha CS-80 as her main composition instrument. She seemed to favour it particularly for its touch-sensitivity, and it was one of the few synths that offered the feature at the time. Bush mainly relied on the synths presets, and utilising its touch-sensitivity allowed her to create more organic-sounding tracks, which worked for her as she would often layer the CS-80 with real acoustic instruments, such as cellos and the balalaika. The Fairlight CMI was released in 1979, and Kate Bush was an early user, utilising it on several tracks from her 1980 album Never For Ever. The Fairlight soon replaced the CS-80 as her main instrument and ended up being used heavily on Hounds of Love, providing many of the album's signature sounds. Arturia has created software emulations of both the Yamaha CS-80 and the Fairlight CMI, and I’ll use these throughout the article.
Arguably Kate Bush’s most well-known song, Running Up That Hill (A Deal With God) is full of strange tones, with a dreamy background that transcends the usual synthpop palette of the era. When asked about some of the production techniques in a 1986 interview with Island Ear, Bush was very tight-lipped, preferring to keep her production secrets to herself so they wouldn’t be imitated. However, she did confirm that the songs scooped parts came from the Fairlight.
Regarding the types of sounds you get, how did you get that little part on "Running Up That Hill" that comes in first at the start of the song, after the drums and before the vocals? That's the Fairlight and that was actually what I wrote the song with. That was what the song was written around.
One of the biggest drawbacks of sampling with the Fairlight was that it could only handle short samples, around one second long, due to memory limitations. This means that long-sustained sounds are only possible by looping short sections of the sample, and this produces artefacts and clicking effects. Instead, it sounds like Kate has run the sound through a long reverb effect and fed a portion of the reverb tail back into the sampler. An interview with Musician magazine notes Kate’s new studio (the one built for Hounds of Love) as containing AMS, Quantec and Lexicon 224 reverb & delays, so the Fairlight could have been fed through one of those, or even a combination of them. Here I’ve used Valhalla VintageVerb on the Homestar Blade Runner preset, a huge ten-second long reverb, that is also dark and noisy - perfect for our drone sound.
I’ve then dropped the audio from the reverbed Cello back into the sampler, looped a portion of the tail, and ran the track through more reverb to help mask the loop. I also added some EQ, boosting 1.24k Hz and 2 kHz and creating low cut at 700 Hz to brighten the sound.
The same sample has been used for the main hook. An interesting technique used here is that the delay effect on the track is louder for the higher notes but quieter and less noticeable for the lower notes. You can achieve this effect by automating either the mix level or the input level for the delay effect. I also EQed in some brightness to the track to make it sound less muddy, adding 5db at 2.84Hz.
Linndrum samples are plentiful online, and Ableton Live comes with a basic Linndrum kit called Core-LD. ELPHNT also has a free Ableton drum kit called LM-1 which offers better control over individual drum tuning, and I’ve used that for the example below. Some special things about the song's drum track are the timing and the effects, the drums are off-grid with most of the hits coming before the beat, and everything has been run through reverb, including the kick. I used Valhalla VintageVerb again, with 1.4s / 12% mix on the kick and 2.9s / 30% on the snare, then a short but thick reverb with 0.39s / 25% on the whole drum channel. In isolation, this sounds like way too much reverb, but the rest of the tracks help soak up some of the reverb tails, and the end effect is that the drums are pushed into the back of the mix.
Hounds of Love, the second track of the album, shows the analog CS-80 side to Kate Bush. It’s a playful song and the synth chords are bright and warm. Her synth player even brought the CS-80 for the Top of the Pops performance of the song, you get a good look at it at the 1:40 mark. The CS-80 is capable of some complex patches, as it offers two independently programmable layers with full controls for each. In this patch, we’ll use one of the first voice line’s presets to create a simple but great sounding patch. Press the 2 switch on the first row of the tone selector panel to set voice I to the Strings 3 preset. Set the mix fader all the way up to I, lower Brilliance all the way down to open up the filter and then bring down the attack fader in the VCA to get rid of the long attack. Lastly, bring some life to the sound by using the CS-80’s onboard chorus and delay effects. The drum track uses Fairlight samples, using the repitching of the sample across the keyboard to create the illusion of different drum hits.
Army Dreamers from Bush’s 1980 album Never For Ever uses the Fairlight for its cello sound, this time the SOLOSTR2 sample from the HISTRING bank. The folk instrument that plays the melody in the intro sounds suspiciously like the KICHAPEE sample, although it can’t be the Fairlight as the sounds last longer than its sampler would allow. The song may have been demo'd with the Kichapee sound and then recorded with a real instrument for the final version. For my example, I used the Kichapee sound with some repitching to extend the sample length.
In the track All We Ever Look For, the intro's whistling hook comes from the Fairlight, specifically the WHISTLE sample from the WIND bank. Again, the patch is played without manipulation, although it is layered with a piano and synth to strengthen the overall sound of the sample. The synth is the Yamaha CS-80, which was Bush’s favourite at the time. The lead patch is a simple square wave patch that uses pulse-width modulation to get a wind-like hollow sound. Again, I only used one of the voice layers, and I used the preset 4 (Flute) as a starting point.
The lead plucked sound in Babooshka is the CS-80, possibly layered with a Balalaika or another folk instrument. In Arturia CS-80 V, I used the Voice I preset 9 (Guitar 1) and made use of the touch sensitivity to add a human element to the part. The touch-sensitivity is the feature that Kate has mentioned being her favourite of the CS-80, which isn't surprising as she is also a pianist. I also ran the track through an analog-style delay effect and plenty of reverb.
The song also features some Fairlight samples, for the glass shattering effects played during the drum breaks towards the end of the song. The Fairlight had only been out for a year when Babooshka was released, so these effects were one of the first famous uses of the sampler. The sample can be found in the EFFECTS4 bank and is called GLASMASH, here's what it sounds like.
An interesting thing I read is that the string-based song Cloudbusting started as a Fairlight composition, but as Kate Bush explained in an interview, most of the Fairlight elements were replaced with the real strings: “Cloudbusting'' I wrote on the Fairlight and I just felt it would be much more interesting with real strings, so we transcribed the Fairlight arrangement for string players to read. And then they redid it.” This is a great example of using technology only if it serves the song, and not being afraid to change methods if the song calls for it. Thanks for reading and be sure to download all the free Arturia CS-80 synth patches below.
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Anxiety causes nervousness, worry and tension. It can be an unpleasant, short-term reaction to a difficult situation like a relationship break-up, exams or work pressure, or a fight with a friend.
Anxiety can also be a more serious condition, which causes more distressing symptoms and makes it hard for a person to cope with day-to-day life.
Fear is an emotion generally triggered when we feel threatened. A phobia is the heightened form of fear. People can experience butterflies in their stomach, sweaty palms, pounding heart at the thought of doing certain things.
Why do some people drink alcohol when they're feeling anxious?
Because alcohol depresses the central nervous system, it can offer an immediate feeling of temporary relief from the symptoms of anxiety like shaking, sleep problems, panicking, feeling on edge and fear.
Alcohol is not a solution to anxiety or fear. Using alcohol to temporarily relieve symptoms means the real problem isn’t solved. Harmful use of alcohol can also create extra problems, such as relationship problems, regrets and dependence, which can be a source of anxiety in themselves.
Alcohol’s effects on brain chemistry can cause the symptoms of anxiety and panic attacks, even in people who never suffered anxiety.
Use controlled breathing techniques when you feel anxious.
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Did Leeuwenhoek leave any unpublished letters?
Ook is ons begeerte dat men in een kist ofte koffer sal opsluyten alle de ongedrukte schriften ende brieven, bij mij Leeuwenhoek sijn geschreven, rakende mijne ontdekkinge, nevens tien gesnede koopere plaaten, behoorende tot eenige ongedrukte brieven, waarvoor men seer na vijfhondert gulden heeft betaelt alsmede de vertaling in 't Latijn, daar men een hondert ende seventig guldens voor betaalt heeft ende dat soo lange als den schelm (dit woord is later door Leeuwenhoek geschrapt) Adriaan Beman in 't leven is, ende en sullen die brieven ende die naderhand nog geschreven sijn, ook niet mogen gedrukt werden bij desselfs soon ofte nabestaande.
It is our desire that in one box or suitcase will be closed up all the unpublished writings and letters, written by me, Leeuwenhoek, concerning my discoveries, and ten cut copper plates, belonging to some unpublished letters, for which was paid more than five hundred guilders as well as the translation into Latin, for which was paid seventy guilders and that so long as the villain [word deleted later by Leeuwenhoek] Adriaan Beman is living, both those letters and those still to be written afterwards, may not be printed by his son or next of kin.
From 1693 to 1702, Leeuwenhoek had published half a dozen volumes of letters printed by his next door neighbor Henrik van Krooneveld. For his Send-Brieven in 1718, he used Adriaan Beman. That relationship apparently did not go well and he died with another volume almost ready for publication.
Maria, as it turned out, survived her father by twenty years. Her will followed the spirit of her father's, though she had to make changes because several of the earlier beneficiaries had died. As he had instructed, the executors of her estate sold his microscopes "in a bundle" at auction. The Catalogus (left; click to enlarge) listed over two hundred lots of microsopes and their storage cabinets. Pre-auction, it was distributed via booksellers and auction houses in several Dutch cities in additiont to Delft.
The last page of the Catalogus (below right; click to enlarge) noted that the auction brought in a little more than 730 guilders. It had a nota bene concerning the papers that Leeuwenhoek left behind.
N.B. In den Boedel van wylen Juffr. Maria van Leeuwenhoek zyn gevonden eenige nagelate Manuscripten of Brieven van haar Vader, den Heer Anth: van Leeuwenhoek, dewelke door zyn Ed: in deszelfs Leven geschreven en in eene nette en goede ordre geschikt zyn, om als een vervolg op zyne voorgaande uitgegeve Brieven gedrukt te konnen werden; Alle de Platen daar toe behoorende, zyn daarby, en reeds in 't koper gegraveert, zoo als ook de Latynsche Vertaling van voorz. Brieven. Iemand genegen zynde, dit Werk te kopen, om het als een vervolg op zyne reeds uitgevene Brieven te laten drukken, kan zich addresseeren aan de Executeurs van de voorsz. Boedel.
N. B. In the estate of the late Miss Maria van Leeuwenhoek were found some manuscripts or letters left behind by her father, Mr. Anth. van Leeuwenhoek, which were written by him in his life and are arranged in neat and good order, to be able to print as a continuation of his previously published letters. All the plates belonging to these, are with them, and are already engraved in copper, as also the Latin translations of these letters. Someone being favorably disposed to buy this work, in order to have printed a continuation of his already published letters, can address himself to the executors of this estate.
Apparently, no one was interested because there is no record that anyone bought this lot at the auction. Nor were any posthumous letters published, so the box of unprinted letters must have been thrown away, perhaps burned, and the copper plates re-used for another purpose.
Twenty years earlier, in a note on pages 725 and 726 of Oudheden en Gestichten, Hugo van Rijn (who translated Leeuwenhoek's Send-Brieven into Latin) related that he had translated these unpublished letters. Even then, in 1725, Van Rijn hoped that the letters would be published.
Gelijk ik ook, op zijn verzoek, noch een groot getal van brieven vertaalt heb, dewelke noch ongedrukt zijn; doch, zoo als ik hoope, en den Liefhebberen der Natuurkunde toewensche, in 't kort door den druk zullen gemeen gemaakt worden.
As I have also translated, at his request, a large number of letters, which are still unprinted; yet, as I hope, and the Devotees of Physics wish, will shortly be shared through the press.
Were they the batch of four dozen between the last letter in Sevende Vervolg in 1702 and the first letter in Send-Brieven in 1712? Leeuwenhoek addressed almost all of them either to the members of the Royal Society or to his translator there, John Chamberlayne.
Because Leeuwenhoek published only 40 letters in both Philosophical Transactions and his own volumes, these unpublished letters in Maria's estate could have been letters recording new observations.
However, at least some of them would have been sent to the people they were addressed to. No such letters have surfaced, so perhaps the 1702-1712 letters are the better bet. In that case, we lost very little because most of them were excerpted in Philosophical Transactions and all the manuscripts are still available at the Royal Society.
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Create a beautiful spring bulb container garden! It is the perfect way to bring spring beauty to any size garden.
One large wide container at least 10 -12 inches deep with excellent drainage holes in the bottom.
An assortment of spring flowering bulbs, starting with the earliest bloomers to the later bloomers include early minor bulbs, a few hyacinths for some fragrances, tulips that will bloom after the minors, then some late blooming daffodils.
2. Fill your container with soil-less potting mix.
3. Plant your bulbs will be at the same depth if you were planting in the ground.
4. Layering Your Bulbs- The first layer of bulbs will be about 10-12 inches below the top of the pot.
First layer your daffodils and lightly cover with soil.
Next, layer your tulips. When planting, make sure your bulbs are not directly on top of each other.
Slightly cover your tulips and add your hyacinths.
Again, slightly cover your hyacinths with soil.
Then, sprinkle with a little bulb food.
Add more soil, then plant a layer of the minor bulbs about 4-5 inches below the top of the pot.
Cover the minor bulbs with soil, lightly tamp.
5. Bulbs need to be cold for winter.
Place your container outside until temperatures are consistently cold and then store your container in an unheated garage or shed or leave outside surrounded by leaves and mulch.
6. Throughout the winter, make sure your container has soil moisture.
7. In early March, move your spring garden where you can enjoy seeing the layers of beautiful bulbs. After, they finish you can even plant them in the ground to enjoy for years to come.
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Partager la publication "Analyze accelerometer data with Apache Spark and MLlib"
Apache Spark started as a research project at the University of California, Berkeley in 2009 and it is an open source project written mostly in Scala. In a nutshell, Apache Spark is a fast and general engine for large-scale data processing.
Spark’s main property is in-memory processing, but you can also process data on disk and it can be fully integrated with Hadoop to process data from HDFS. Spark provides three main API, in Java, Scala and Python. In this post I chose the Java API.
Spark offers an abstraction called resilient distributed datasets (RDDs), which are immutable and lazy data collections partitioned across the nodes of a cluster.
MLlib is a standard component of Spark providing machine learning primitives on top of Spark which contains common algorithms (regression, classification, recommendation, optimization, clustering..), and also basic statistics and feature extraction functions.
If you want to get a better look at Apache Spark and its ecosystem, just check out the web site Apache Spark and its documentation.
Finally the Spark-Cassandra connector lets you expose Cassandra tables as Spark RDDs, and persist Spark RDDs into Cassandra tables, and execute arbitrary CQL queries within your Spark applications.
The availability of acceleration sensors creates exciting new opportunities for data mining and predictive analytics applications. In this post, I will consider data from accelerometers to perform activity recognition.
The data in my github account are already cleaned.
Data come from 37 different users. Each user has recorded the activity he was performing. That is why something the data are not relevant and need to be cleaned. Some rows are empty in the original file, and some other are misrecorded.
I have used labeled accelerometer data from users thanks to a device in their pocket during different activities (walking, sitting, jogging, ascending stairs, descending stairs, and standing).
The plots below show characteristics for each activity. Because of the periodicity of such activities, a few seconds windows is sufficient to find specific characteristics for each activity.
We observe repeating waves and peaks for the following repetitive activities walking, jogging, ascending stairs and descending stairs. The activities Upstairs and Downstairs are very similar, and there is no periodic behavior for more static activities like standing or sitting, but different amplitudes.
I have pushed my data into Cassandra using the cql shell.
Because I need to group my data by (user_id, activity) and then to sort them by timestamp, I decided to define the couple (user_id, activity) and timestamp, as a primary key.
Just below, an example of what my data looks like.
As you can imagine my data was not clean, and I needed to prepare them to extract my features from it. It is certainly the most time consuming part of the work, but also the more exciting for me.
My data is contained in a csv file, and the data was acquired on different sequential days . So I needed to define the different recording intervals for each user and each activity. Thanks to these intervals, I have extracted windows on which I have computed my features.
Here is a diagram to explain what I did and the code.
First retrieve the data for each (user, activity) and sorted by timestamp.
Then search for the jumps between the records in order to define my recording intervals and the number of windows per intervals.
Each of these activities demonstrate characteristics that we will use to define the features of the model. For example, the plot for walking shows a series of high peaks for the y-axis spaced out approximately 0.5 seconds intervals, while it is rather a 0.25 seconds interval for jogging. We also notice that the range of the y-axis acceleration for jogging is greater than for walking, and so on. This analysis step is essential and takes time (again) to determine the best features to use for our model.
Now let’s compute the features to build the predictive model!
Just to recap, we want to determine the user’s activity from data where the possible activities are: walking, jogging, sitting, standing, downstairs and upstairs. So it is a classification problem.
Here I have chosen the implementation of the Decision Trees algorithms using MLlib, to create my model and then to predict the activity performing by users.
You could also use others algorithms such as Random Forest or Multinomial Logistic Regression (from Spark 1.3) available in MLlib.
Remark: with the chosen features, prediction for “up” and “down” activities are pretty bad. One trick would be to define more relevant features to have a better prediction model.
Below is the code that shows how to load our dataset, split it into training and testing datasets.
Let’s use DecisionTree.trainClassifier to fit our model. After that the model is evaluated against the test dataset and an error is calculated to measure the algorithm accuracy.
In this post we have first demonstrated how to use Apache Spark and Mllib to predict user’s physical activity.
The features extraction step is pretty long, because you need to test and experiment to find the best features as possible. We also have to prepare the data and the data processing is long too, but exciting.
If you find a better way/implementation to prepare the data or compute the features, do not hesitate to send a pull request or open an issue on github.
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With cankers scruzed to pieces he rubbed his mouth and his gums. Excellently put, I have to say. Although the question was posed lightly, I thought it was a significant question and pondered it long into the night. His murderer in a final paean to revenge allies himself clearly with God and heaven: 'Revenge is whatsoever we call law or justice. He attended Magdalen College at , earning his bachelor's degree in 1573 and his master's in 1575. Other kinds of peripheral entertainment also occurred simultaneously. Thus, for example, the denouement of Massinger's Roman Actor like that in The Spanish Tragedy turns upon the staging as a mode of theatre in which princes and nobles take part in plays in which the killing turns out to be real.
The five-act structure, the appearance of some kind of ghost, the one line exchanges known as stichomythia, and Seneca's use of long rhetorical speeches were all later used in Elizabethan tragedies. The characters of farce are typically fantastic or absurd and usually far more ridiculous than those in other forms of comedy. His usage of language, both lofty and low, shows a remarkable wit and subtlety. To accomplish this aim, he sent his so-called Invincible Armada of 125 ships sailing toward the in May of 1588. Such characterization of the central figures is well suited to expressing tragedy. This is what the ancient social belief in the evil spirits reflected in Shakespeare's tragedy. The Duchess of Malfi The Duchess of Malfi is a tragedy by John Webster, first performed at the in London in 1614 and published in 1623.
Master of Revels and Censorship Every play had to be submitted to the Master of Revels for licensing before performance. They loved to see these cases acted out, often with much blood and gore. Elaborate comic intrigues involving deception, disguise, and mistaken identity are the rule. Despite their varying levels of popularity, Shakespeare's tragedies are all considered classics in English literature. As far as i can remember there are 5 parts Here we go: 1 The hero of the play is always a man e. Boys' Companies Boys' companies were performing troupes that were made up entirely of young boys. Going to the theatre in ancient Greece was, socially speaking, closer to attending a football match than a modern-day theatre.
Examples of the revenge theme abound in Greek tragedy e. One of the most skilled in the use of puns and wordplay was Shakespeare. It seems more rational to suppose that there were no such model playwrights; and this probability is reinforced by the parallel case of Shakespeare. There are a few things that can make a play tragedy. It's a tragedy when the main character or characters end up dead atthe end of the play. We might call it the paradox of disappointment. Historically, tragedy of a high order has been created in only four periods and locales: Attica, in Greece, in the 5th century bce; in the reigns of and , from 1558 to 1625; 17th-century ; and and during the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th.
Conventions exist in any frequently repeated formula used in the world of entertainment. Let us consider several characteristics common to Shakespeare's four great tragedies. We are led to identify ourselves with the protagonist as in Hamlet's soliloquies we share the thoughts that only Hamlet knows. Actors could appear and speak from the balcony. These two plays used many of the Elizabethan conventions for revenge tragedies in their plays.
The university milieu which had given them their claim to importance had anchored their sense of identity in the Humanist learning they had acquired there, their fluent command of a battery of Greco-Roman names, historical and fictional stories, self-conscious logical and rhetorical devices, tags and quotations, which provided the of Humanist-educated Europe. Most of the populace loved going to the theater, and as Jeffrey L. In soliloquy the character reveals his inner thoughts to the audience; no one in the play hears the speech. No evidence was found of Shakespeare's where-abouts until 1592 in London. Everyman in His Humour Ben Jonson's Everyman in His Humour was first produced in 1598 by Shakespeare's company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men. The plays very often take place in foreign countries, especially Italy, though Spain and ancient Greece can also serve as settings. In particular I wish to ask the question how this group came to achieve their effect on drama.
Take, for example, another line from The Shoemaker's Holiday. He proceeded to read my entire paper and announced to the class that it was written by a Harvey Mudd student. It does not propose a solution to the paradox. At any rate Esdras's response actually takes Cutwolf by surprise: Scarce had I propounded these articles unto him but he was beginning his blasphemous abjurations. According to this scheme, the most tragic events are those in which two esteemed values or goals are in opposition and one of them must give way. The first known printed edition of the play appeared in 1607. Chapman wrote approximately twenty-one plays between 1596 and 1613, but his output was very sporadic.
They are not heard or noticed by the rest of the characters onstage. Such would be the circumstance, for example, of a conscientious objector facing military service. Attending these folks at court were those nobles known as courtiers. Murder is wide-mouthed, and will not let God rest till he grant revenge. The soliloquy is sometimes confused with monologue. A huge variety of characters, including fairies or even ghosts. It was published in 1597.
I hate him for he is a Christian, But more for that in low simplicity He lends out money free and brings down The rate of usance here with us in Venice. I can see this will be a valuable and very entertaining resource for my learning. It was Aristotle who had first described the genre in his 'Poetics' which is followed even today to analyze modern drama. Shakespeare wrote 10 tragedies in all namely, Antony and Cleopatra, Coriolanus, Hamlet, Julius Caesar, King Lear, Macbeth, Othello, Romeo and Juliet, Timon of Athens and Titus Andronicus, out of which the four dark tragedies, Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, and King Lear are the most admired. If one looks carefully at the works of Shakespeare, Marlowe, Jonson, and their fellow playwrights, many interesting and topical details come to light. There exist sincere and intelligent people who believe there is strong evidence that Edward de Vere, Seventeenth Earl of Oxford, was the author of these plays and poems. According to Aristotle, pity and fear are the natural human response to spectacles of pain and suffering--especially to the sort of suffering that can strike anybody at any time.
A typical scenario is as follows: Your daughter has been brutally raped and murdered; but because of legal technicalities, the killer is allowed to go free. Men who made a living at arms were useful members of society only when there was a war on. The reputation of the great works of Elizabethan Drama grew steadily in England and throughout the rest of the world. The epitome of English literature is great, not only because of his writing skills, but also because of his art of borrowing, combining, and recreating something new with a twist. Their version of Hamlet is performed by and features Derek Jacobi. Shakespeare's talent as a playwright was widely recognized.
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Develop 2 to 3 Framework Management Plans. Task 1. South Western Otay Mesa Preserve Management Plan. Task 2. South Crest Preservce Complex Management Plan. Task 3. Preserve Area 3 (Optional Task).
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Avoid splitting elements of the verb. Keeping elements of the verb together in a sentence aids readability and comprehension, reducing the need to reread.
Tara has only been married for 2 days.
Tara has been married for only 2 days.
In example 2, the conditional "if" clause is not useful information at the point that it appears in the sentence because the reader does not yet know what the Minister "may" do. The reader has to hold all the conditional information in their mind until reading the verb "issue".
The Minister may, if satisfied that the applicant has sufficient funds, issue a licence to the applicant.
If the sentence is rephrased to put the condition after the main clause (example 3), the elements of the verb are kept together and the relationship between the subject of the sentence and the verb is established early on. The reader can then "chunk" this meaningful information in their mind and move on to the next section of text. The more efficient the "chunks", the easier the sentence is to process.
The Minister may issue a licence to the applicant if the Minister is satisfied that the applicant has sufficient funds.
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What is a routine? A routine is any activity that we do automatically on a daily basis.
Studies have documented that schedules and routines influence children’s emotional, cognitive, and social development. Predictable and consistent schedules help children feel secure and comfortable. Also, schedules and routines help children understand the expectations of the environment and reduce the frequency of behavior problems, such as tantrums and acts of aggression.
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vanadium ore mobile crushing station supplier . ethiopia titanium ore mining equipment supplier.zym products are stone crusher,sand making machine,raymond mill,ball mill,flotation station peru vanadium . Xinhai global website Translate this page.
Vanadium Ore Crushing Plant Price . Vanadium Ore Mobile Crusher Price Is Discount For You vanadium ore mobile crusher price is discount for youus $ 812 mobile crusher plant crushing stone. get more info. separation of vanadium and titanium from iron ore .
Vanadium metal is obtained by a multistep process that begins with the roasting of crushed ore with NaCl or Na 2 CO 3 at about 850 °C to give sodium metavanadate (NaVO 3). An aqueous extract of this solid is acidified to give "red cake", a polyvanadate salt, which is reduced with calcium metal.
Today, vanadium is primarily obtained from the minerals vanadinite (Pb 5 (VO) 3 Cl) and carnotite (K 2 (UO 2) 2 VO 4 ·1-3H 2 O) by heating crushed ore in the presence of carbon and chlorine to produce vanadium trichloride. The vanadium trichloride is then heated with magnesium in an argon atmosphere.
Description: This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating (i.e., preparing) metal ores (except iron and manganiferous ores valued for their iron content, gold ore, silver ore, copper, nickel, lead, zinc, and uranium-radium-vanadium ore).
vanadium ore crushing process for sale - radiantpatna.in . Because vanadium is essentially Vanadium ore processing - Stone / ore powder making machine cost and . Get Price. Vanadium Ore Quarrying Equipment Manufacturer.
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Ore haulage to the mill is by contract carrier on a per ton basis. Fourteen ton tandem trucks are used for the rugged trips from the mines to the mill. Uranium Ore Crushing and Sampling. Uranium Ore is hauled by truck to the mill site, where it is weighed and a grab sample taken for moisture.
Vanadium is usually obtained by heating crushed ore in the presence ofcarbon and chlorine to produce vanadium trichloride, which is then heated with magnesium in an argon atmosphere, according to Jefferson Lab. Around 98 percent of mined vanadium ore comes from South Africa, Russia, and China.
crushing iron ore flowchart vanadium ore processing flowchart, vanadium ore crushing, screening, grinding, Iron ore Crushing and Screening Iron ore Crushing and . Chat Now; Study of the Health of Workers employed in Mining .
Vanadium. Vanadium is a chemical element with symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery-grey, Vanadium occurs naturally in about 65 minerals and in fossil fuel deposits.
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If you need more space for your business, can you afford to rent an office or workshop rather than working at home? I am going to assume a typical, but simple situation.
He wants to buy a new computer at the end of the year, so he includes that. The template also includes a section for your own data. Jim and Karen are aware of the debate concerning the long-term stability of Social Security.
Financially conservative, they have been steady savers, and have taken full advantage of k and IRA plans to build retirement savings. It can refer to the total of all flows involved or a subset of those flows. Note that if the Perpetuity Method is used, the Discount Rate from the following step will be needed.
An example of this would be Amortization on the value of a patent purchased when acquiring a company that owned it.
The analyst should test several reasonable assumption scenarios to derive a reasonable valuation range. Free Cash Flow Projections: How likely is it that you will be awarded those contracts?
Similarly, CapEx must be subtracted out, because it does not appear in the Income Statement, but it is an actual Cash expense. If you had a decrease in your accounts payable, your cash flow is reduced. Do you employ staff?
The website also has a customer portal, where Steve can share samples and finished work securely with his customers. Vanguard published a detailed report on the 1, defined contributions plans they administer for 4.
This advertising model, like others you see on Inc, supports the independent journalism you find on this site. Assumptions and input Identify a couple of listed companies that are similar to the one that you perform the DCF valuation of Enter the listed companies beta which can be found in a financial data base such as Bloomberg Enter the Market Value of debt of these companies.
Historical statements should be real, solid, and scientific, while pro forma statements allow management to exercise a certain amount of creativity and flexibility. Change in accounts payable If you had a net change in your accounts payable, enter the change here. Terminal Value is calculated using one of two methods: In effect, WACC is the after-tax weighted average of the Costs of Capital for Debt and Equity, where the weights correspond to the relative amount of each component that is outstanding.
A reasonable estimate today is more useful than a precise result too late to influence decisions. The WACC simply does this for all investors in a company, weighted by their relative size.
His costs of sales would be his pens, rough sketch pads and drawing paper. How much do you expect to earn from them? Pleases consult your own advisor before making any legal or financial decisions.
If his business were a limited companythen he would include his salary under staff salaries. The bad news, of course, is that any error in projecting these figures will have a large impact on the output of the analysis.
The market value of debt is the same as book value of debt Enter the market cap for the traded peers Enter the marginal tax rate All this information can be found in the data base.
They also noted the growing popularity of target date funds, with more than half of participants holding only a target date fund. Here is a graphical representation of these DCF Steps: Depending on your situation, you are likely to identify areas deserving more detailed analysis.
Given their small age difference, distributions will continue at a similar level. He was a mid-level manager for a Fortune company until he took an early retirement package during a re-organization two years ago.
Note that net of inflation, CapEx and Depreciation should converge over time, provided that the company is not growing rapidly. In order to calculate Free Cash Flow projections, you must first collect historical financial results.
A company can fail because of a shortage of cash even while profitable.
If you had an increase in accounts payable, your cash flow goes up.Years of cash flow to include This is the number of years that the projection will include in the value of your business.
For example, if you include years (the maximum) we calculate the present value of all future cash flows generated for the next years into your business' value.
A simple framework to document and display projected cash flow across retirement phases. Highlights the effect of key decisions and assumptions on retirement ca.
How to write the financial plan section of the business plan: the income statement, cash flow projections, and the balance sheet (templates included). Young & Associates, Inc.
Page 1 Introduction Young & Associates, Inc. designed the Liquidity Cash Flow Model to assist community banks in their. To prepare a cash flow statement, you'll use many of the same figures you use for a profit and loss forecast.
The main difference is that you'll include all cash inflows and outflows, not just sales revenue and business expenses. For example, you'll include loans, loan payments, transfers of.
Estimate of the timing and amounts of cash inflows and outflows over a specific period (usually one year). A cash flow forecast shows if a firm needs to borrow, how much, when, and how it will repay the wine-cloth.com called cash flow budget or cash flow projection.
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Welcome! I'm a freelance grant writer, blogger, and children's book author.
If I had to describe my writing style in one word, it would be adaptable.
I recognize that the right word hinges on a piece’s audience and purpose.
The perfect phrase for a magazine article may not be the perfect phrase for a blog post; that catchy expression on a website may not work in an annual report. For me, there is great joy and satisfaction in playing with language so that the correct message is clearly conveyed to the intended reader.
When you work with me, you have the advantage of working with a writer whose style can and will adapt to your specific needs. Additionally, you can count on my commitment to quality, punctuality, and professionalism in all areas of my writing and business relations.
As a blogger, I write mostly about issues of importance to women and their families, informed by my graduate degree in Women's & Gender Studies. This runs the gamut from silly (my latest motherhood blunders) to serious (how to advocate for stronger family leave policies at your workplace). My parenting blog Pick Any Two is a hub for busy moms who are tired of chasing the mirage of perfection—and instead want to prioritize what really matters, without apology or guilt.
As a grant writer, I craft winning proposals that help nonprofits secure the funding they need to implement their programs and services. Through my experience working with both grant seekers and grant funders, I have honed my ability to demonstrate a vital need, outline a feasible project design, and delineate a strong plan for evaluating and sustaining impact.
As a children's book author, I channel my inner kid to create picture books that delight toddlers, preschoolers, and school-age children. I believe our greatest natural resource is the minds of our children, and therefore they deserve our best—our best stories, our best characters, and our best efforts. Through careful attention to both style and substance, I strive to write stories that children will request repeatedly—and that parents, caregivers, and teachers will be happy to read aloud over and over again.
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Surrealism is a cultural movement and artistic style that was founded in 1924 by André Breton. Surrealism style uses visual imagery from the subconscious mind to create art without the intention of logical comprehensibility.
The movement was begun primarily in Europe, centered in Paris, and attracted many of the members of the Dada community. Influenced by the psychoanalytical work of Freud and Jung, there are similarities between the Surrealist movement and the Symbolist movement of the late 19th century.
Some of the greatest artists of the 20th century became involved in the Surrealist movement, and the group included Giorgio de Chirico, Man Ray, René Magritte, and many others.
The Surrealist movement eventually spread across the globe, and has influenced artistic endeavors from painting and sculpture to pop music and film directing.
The greatest known Surrealist artist is the world famous Salvador Dali.
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Tell people you are traveling to a destination on the East or West Coast, and their response is likely to be envy and admiration. No surprise, considering these travel destinations are known for oceans, mountains and other natural wonders, and wide array of eclectic cities.
Heading to a Midwest locale for your vacation, don’t expect such raves.
But when you return home, you’ll have lots to brag about, starting with cost. Most areas in the Midwest offer an affordable cost-of-living, and that translates into lower vacation costs.
And the people who live in the Midwest tend to be friendly, which is always a big plus when you are a tourist.
“Researchers from the University of Cambridge analyzed personality traits of 1.6 million Americans via Facebook, surveys and other data to find that the Midwest really is the most ‘friendly’ and ‘conventional’ region of the country,” Sara Boboltz writes in the Huffington Post.
The states that comprise the Midwest are: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.
Door County, Wisconsin - “When I think of Door County, I automatically think of quaint shops, art galleries, great food, gentle breezes, tours, small beaches, the sound of waves hitting the shore, the ferry to Washington Island, the boat ride to Rock Island. You can do it all or do nothing at all!"
Galena, Illinois – "My first trip to Galena was around age 10. My parents instilled a sense of history in us, so seeing a town that time forgot, browsing in antiques stores and visiting Ulysses S. Grant's home was extremely interesting. My husband and I visited periodically over the years, but in 2004, we had our first trip with our grandson, which included a visit to the National Mississippi River Museum & Aquarium [in Dubuque, Iowa, about 16 miles northwest]."
Omaha, Nebraska – “When I was growing up in Omaha, my family would make a trip to the Henry Doorly Zoo each summer. So many animals to see, the gorillas, the cat house and the polar bears. The day usually ended with a stop at Bob's Zesto for ice cream. In recent years, we had a family reunion at Mahoney State Park. The highlight was walking to the top of the 70-foot observation tower with our Grandpa Doolittle (who was 93 years young at the time)."
The Toledo Museum of Art has more than 30,000 works of art, including thousands of pieces of glass art housed in the Glass Pavilion, where glassmaking exhibitions are also held.
“The Glass Pavilion is—in itself—a work of art. All exterior and nearly all interior walls consist of large panels of curved glass, resulting in a transparent structure that blurs the boundaries between interior and exterior spaces. Designed by Tokyo-based SANAA, Ltd., the Glass Pavilion received Travel + Leisure’s 2007 Design Award for ‘Best Museum’ and received other accolades for its innovative architecture,” according to the museum website.
The Walker Art Center is a multidisciplinary contemporary arts center in Minneapolis.
“The museum’s focus on modern art began in the 1940s, when a gift from Mrs. Gilbert Walker made possible the acquisition of works by important artists of the day, including pieces by Franz Marc, Lyonel Feininger, and Edward Hopper. During the 1960s, the Walker organized increasingly ambitious exhibitions that circulated to museums in the United States and abroad. The Walker’s collections expanded to reflect crucial examples of contemporary artistic developments; concurrently, performing arts, film, and education programs grew proportionately and gained their own national prominence throughout the next three decades,” explains the museum website.
The Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland gives visitors an incredible visual and auditory tour of rock music through the ages.
She also recommends a visit to the Cleveland Museum of Art, this year celebrating its centennial, along with stops at the West Side Market and many eateries.
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MORTGAGE BY CONDITIONAL SALE Essentials of an agreement, to qualify as mortgage by conditional sale, can succinctly be broadly summarized. Ostensible sale with transfer of possession and ownership, but containing clause for reconveyance in accordance with S. 58(c) of Transfer of Property Act, will clothe agreement as mortgage by conditional sale. Execution of separate agreement for reconveyance, either contemporaneously or subsequently, shall militate against agreement being mortgage by conditional sale. There must be existing debtor and creditor relationship. Valuations of property, the transaction value along with duration of time for reconveyance are important considerations to decide nature of agreement. There will have to be cumulative consideration of these factors, along with recitals in agreement, intention of parties, coupled with other attendant circumstances, considered in holistic manner.
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0.999662 |
Where in the USA can you watch from your hotel balcony as giraffe graze on the savanna plain beneath you, listen to an African guide discuss the cultures of his home country, and indulge in an ostrich appetizer all in one day? If you said Walt Disney World, you're right! Specifically, Disney's Animal Kingdom Lodge in Orlando, Florida.
One of the best ways to experience this authentic, African safari-themed resort hotel is by staying in the exclusive concierge level accommodations-the "Kilimanjaro Club." These lodgings are on the top floors of the main Animal Kingdom Lodge and include regularly-sized rooms, one- and two-bedroom suites, the Royal Kuba Vice Presidential Suite, and the Royal Assante Presidential Suite.
While Animal Kingdom Lodge concierge level accommodations cost a bit more than their standard counterparts (usually around $140 per night more), these rooms include access to the Kilimanjaro Club concierge lounge, which provides complimentary breakfast, high-end snacks throughout the day, receptions for guests, and evening cocktails. Concierge level rooms also provide complimentary turndown service, plush bathrobes, and specialized concierge service, including any needs related to show and restaurant bookings, theme park tickets, reservations, transportation, etc.
Another perk of staying at the Animal Kingdom concierge level is the opportunity to book one of two once-in-a-lifetime experiences: the Sunrise Safari Breakfast Adventure and the Wildlife Discovery Excursion. Both are available to concierge guests for booking and will cost an extra fee.
Sunrise Safari Breakfast Adventure: During the Sunrise Safari Breakfast Adventure, guests are transported to Disney's Animal Kingdom Theme Park for a private ride along the Kilimanjaro Safari ride path. Private guides move the tour along slowly and take extra time to discuss and answer questions about each animal that crosses the safari path, from Thompson's Gazelle, to Reticulated Giraffe, to Elephants, to White Rhinos and more.
When the tour is through, a private breakfast seating is provided within the Animal Kingdom Theme Park for all participants prior to their transportation back to Disney's Animal Kingdom Lodge.
Wildlife Discovery Excursion: During this one-hour excursion, a Disney Animal Programs staff member is your guide for a (climate-controlled!) tour of the Harambe Wildlife Reserve in Disney's Animal Kingdom Theme Park.
The small-group tour helps guests to understand how the Animal Kingdom savannas are maintained and the animals cared for. A portion of all proceeds from the excursion benefit the Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund.
While any opportunity to stay at Disney's Animal Kingdom Lodge is a welcome one, staying on the Animal Kingdom Lodge concierge level brings a bit of the extraordinary to your vacation. It's perfect for honeymooners, celebrations, and anyone wanting to make their Disney stay just that much more "magical!"
Brad Johnson is the administrator of the Unofficial Tribute to Disney's Animal Kingdom Lodge and Villas website at http://www.aklresort.com. Visit the site for more information on staying at the Animal Kingdom Lodge and Villas and the Animal Kingdom Lodge concierge accommodations.
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0.580849 |
Living LIGO: Q: What Was/Will Be the Detection Range of Initial/Advanced LIGO?
Q: What Was/Will Be the Detection Range of Initial/Advanced LIGO?
REMINDER: I DO NOT speak for the LIGO Scientific Collaboration or the Virgo Collaboration. Therefore, these answers are mine alone as are any mistakes.
What's the effective range for LIGO? and for adv LIGO? Will it include Virgo Cluster?
The answer to this includes calibrations (which are fundamental to any experiment), astronomy, and General Relativity (I promise, no math).
First let's talk about calibration. Any time you do an experiment, you use an instrument to measure something and before you can make statements with any confidence about your result, you need to know exactly how your instrument responds or works. For LIGO, that means we need to understand how the light at the output of LIGO (where the interference pattern between the arms and gravitational waves are observed) changes when the mirror moves a known amount. This is a bit more complicated than it sounds since there are feedback systems in LIGO that serve to keep the mirrors still (mostly to cancel vibrations of the mirror from our environment). There are measurements that are made at the beginning and the end of each science data run that are used as reference characterizations of these feedback systems and there are measurements of small vibrations with a specific frequency that are purposefully and continually applied to the mirrors to characterize the calibration of LIGO at a given time. (These calibration vibrations only affect our ability to detect gravitational waves at that specific frequency.) Together, this information allows us to convert the intensity of the interference pattern LIGO produces into the change in length of LIGO's arms (which is what a passing gravitational wave will induce).
burst gravitational waves (these are short gravitational waves from previously unknown sources or sources that are not well modeled - like what happens inside a star as it collapses right before the bright burst of light from a supernova).
The gravitational wave should be from a source we theoretically know very much about. That is, a simple system that produces a well characterized gravitational wave.
The gravitational wave source should be abundant in the near Universe so that we can reasonably expect to detect it as one of the first direct gravitational wave measurements.
From these priorities the binary inspiral mergers stand out since bursts are inherently unknown, stochastic gravitational waves are inherently weak and the population of sources that produce continuous gravitational wave is not well established.
Now that we have settled on a source, we want to use a pair that is representative of the source but not exceptional in strength (otherwise, we would be overestimating how far out into space we can realistically expect to detect these gravitational waves). LIGO chose a 1.4 solar mass neutron star paired with another 1.4 solar mass neutron star (FYI: 1.4 solar masses is on the lower limit of the expected mass of a neutron star so LIGO picked a very conservative measure for our detection distance measure). Since General Relativity tells us how strong a gravitational wave this source will produce with respect to how far away the source is, we can combine this with our calibration (or current sensitivity) of LIGO to establish how far into the Universe we can expect to detect this representative gravitational wave.
The green line represents the detection range for the LIGO here in Livingston, Louisiana (known to us as L1) and the red line is other range of the LIGO detector in Hanford, Washington (known to us as H1). The horizontal axis shows what time the measurement was taken (going back in time moving from right to left; the far right [Time = 0] was when this plot was produced) and the vertical axis measures the distance into space in Mpc (megaparsecs). Parsecs are a somewhat odd unit of distance to anyone who doesn't study astronomy but it is equal to about 3.26 light years.
During the last data run with LIGO before the advanced LIGO upgrades began, you can see from the plot above that we were able to detect our neutron star pair out to about 20 Mpc or 65 million light years. This did indeed encompass the Virgo Cluster of galaxies (which are between 53.5 and 54.1 million light years away). However, LIGO was not able to maintain this detection distance all the time (you can see on the plot above that starting at about -1.5 hours the L1 range dropped from about 20 Mpc to about 15 Mpc - this was due to increased seismic activity in the region that was beyond our control). Since the Virgo cluster is located at about 16.5 Mpc, you can see that it was not always within our detection range.
Each dot in this illustration is an entire galaxy, not just a star!
It is also important to consider the limitations of this detection distance since we are limiting ourselves to thinking about only one particular kind of gravitational wave. For example, I specialize in searching for burst gravitational waves. These were not chosen as our standard candle because we don't know much about them (we like to call them the gravitational waves that go bump in the night). But to apply the detection distance measured in our figure-of-merit based on a different class of gravitational waves would be short-sighted since bursts could very well be stronger (gamma ray bursts are some of the most energetic light signals astronomers have observed and, not only do we not know what causes them, many of them are VERY far away). When we use a catalog of galaxies to target our burst searches (after all, a gravitational wave is much more likely to come from an area on the sky containing a galaxy unless we lucked out and had a nearby gravitational wave from our own galaxy), we include all known galaxies up to about 2.5 times the standard candle detection range (about 50 Mpc, or about 163 million light years).
I hope this answered this questions satisfactorily! I know this is a bit long, but I wanted to be thorough and explain as much jargon as possible.
If you have questions about this or anything else, feel free to ask in a comment below or send it to me on Twitter @livingligo!
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0.999699 |
gives the last element in expr.
gives the last element if there are any elements, or def otherwise.
Last[expr] is equivalent to expr[[-1]].
Last has attribute HoldRest. In Last[expr,def], def is evaluated only if it is to be returned.
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0.999557 |
describe a powerful piece of music.
Music becomes a reflection of God’s Love.
are more than our children.
The song your life sings can become a ray of Hope.
We can coalesce as we collide, and reflect new Light.
Lifted from the pallet of life by our Artist’s Loving Hand.
they lack restraint in expressing emotion.
This illusion that is now.
The Light of His Word can surely shine through You.
Our children are so very much like Flowers.
a simple mountain in majesty.
the beauty here near heaven’s gate.
to one who makes all things live.
and see that rainbow rising high.
lives so near and Loves us dearly.
of God. This beauty was found at the school.
without the use of pesticides.
In the Ocean of God’s Harmony.
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0.999272 |
Using Facebook as your company’s website. No. No.
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0.934015 |
Timothy Matlack (May 28, 1730 – April 14, 1829) was a brewer and beer bottler who emerged as a popular and powerful leader in the American Revolutionary War, Secretary of Pennsylvania during the war, and a delegate to the Second Continental Congress in 1780. He became one of Pennsylvania's most provocative and influential political figures, but he was removed from office by his political enemies at the end of the war; however, he returned to power in the Jeffersonian era. Matlack was known for his excellent penmanship and was chosen to write the original United States Declaration of Independence on vellum.
Timothy Matlack was born in Haddonfield, New Jersey on May 28, 1730, to Elizabeth Martha Burr Haines and Timothy Matlack. His grandparents were William Matlack and Mary Hancock, and Henry Burr and Elizabeth Hudson. His siblings were Sybil, Elizabeth, Titus, Seth, Josiah, and White Matlack; his half siblings were Reuben and Mary Haines. His first cousin was Quaker abolitionist John Woolman. In 1738, the family moved to Philadelphia, and he was apprenticed to the prosperous Quaker merchant John Reynell in 1749. At the end of his term, he married Ellen Yarnall, the daughter of Quaker minister Mordecai Yarnall, and their children were William, Mordecai, Sibyl, Catharine, and Martha.
In 1760, Matlack opened a store called the Case Knife, and he and Owen Biddle purchased a steel furnace in Trenton, New Jersey in 1762. His shop failed in 1765, and he was disowned by the Quakers who complained that he had been "frequenting company in such a manner as to spend too much of his time from home". He was confined to debtors' prison in 1768 and 1769. By 1769, he had set up a new business selling bottled beer and opened his own brewery near Independence Hall.
In 1774 Matlack was hired by Charles Thomson, Secretary of the First Continental Congress, to engross (transcribe) an address to the King of England. In May, 1775, he became clerk to the Second Continental Congress and in June he composed George Washington's commission as General and Commander-in-Chief of the army of the United Colonies. Congress elevated him to Storekeeper of Military Supplies. He was also a member of Philadelphia's Committee of Inspection and Secretary of the Committee of Officers of the city's three militia battalions. Philadelphia added two more battalions to its militia brigade in January 1776, and Matlack was elected Colonel of the Fifth Battalion of Rifle Rangers. He was a delegate to the Conference of Committees which met in June to plan a new constitution for Pennsylvania. Later that month, he engrossed the United States Declaration of Independence on parchment, and members of Congress began signing it on August 2.
Matlack was instrumental in drafting the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776, and he ardently defended it against such critics as Benjamin Rush, James Wilson, and John Dickinson. Newspapers were his primary medium and he signed a number of articles with the pseudonym Tiberius Gracchus. As Secretary to the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, Matlack was one of the most powerful men in the new state during the war years. In 1780, his government passed an Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery.
The Philadelphia and Pennsylvania militia crossed the Delaware River with Washington on December 27, 1776, and Colonel Matlack and his 5th Rifle Battalion were part of the expedition. Washington credited the Pennsylvania militia for their timely service in this campaign, and other officers commended the force for its manliness and spirit. Following the British occupation of Philadelphia, Washington assigned Benedict Arnold to the post of Commandant of Philadelphia, and Matlack learned to despise the man's presence. He led an investigation of his wrongdoing which triggered a court martial, and the court sentenced Arnold to be reprimanded by the Commander-in-Chief. Washington said that his officer's behavior had been "reprehensible"; Arnold's treason was discovered five months later.
Matlack was named a trustee of the University of the State of Pennsylvania in 1779. He was also a Secretary of the American Philosophical Society. He was among the founders of The Religious Society of Free Quakers in 1781, Quakers who had been "disowned" for their support of the American war for independence. He was also one of the earliest opponents of slavery in America, and he felt that the Quakers were not moving quickly enough on abolition. He helped raise a substantial sum of money to construct the Free Quaker Meeting House at the corner of Fifth and Arch streets in downtown Philadelphia, along with Benjamin Franklin, Robert Morris.
In 1790, Matlack was commissioned to survey the "headwaters of the Susquehanna River and the streams of the New Purchase," the northwestern portion of the state purchased from the American Indians. They were also charged with exploring a route for a passageway to connect the West Branch with the Allegheny River. He lived in Lancaster, Pennsylvania from 1799 until 1808 when Lancaster was the capital of Pennsylvania, and he worked as a clerk of the Pennsylvania State Senate. He was known for his household garden, which included 28 types of peach tree. He died in Holmesburg, Pennsylvania on April 14, 1829 and was interred in the Free Quaker Burial Ground on South Fifth Street, Philadelphia. His remains were removed in 1905 and reinterred in the Wetherill Cemetery opposite Valley Forge.
Coelho, Chris. Timothy Matlack: Scribe of the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2013.
Fanelli, Doris Devine, Karie Diethorn and John C. Milley. History of the Portrait Collection, Independence National Historical Park. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 2001.
Landis, Bertha Cochran. Col. Timothy Matlack. Papers read before the Lancaster County Historical Society, Vol. XLII-No.6; Lancaster, PA: 1938.
Stackhouse, A. M. Col. Timothy Matlack, Patriot and Soldier. [N.p.]: Privately printed, 1910.
Yarnall, John K. Yarnall Family Record in America from 1683 to 1913. Chicago, Dec. 1913.; William Wade Hinshaw, Encyclopedia of American Quaker Genealogy, Vol. II - Philadelphia MM records.
^ Coelho, Chris. Timothy Matlack: Scribe of the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2013, p. 55.
^ a b c d Brubaker, Jack (2016-06-28). "The Scribbler: The man who really wrote the Declaration of Independence". (LNP) Lancaster Online. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
^ Coelho, Chris Timothy Matlack: Scribe of the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2013, p.185.
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0.999998 |
You are an alien detective that's just been assigned to a mission on Mars. Try to unravel the mystery of the red planet by solving each of the very difficult levels in order to uncover the final secret. Have Fun!
Do you have few minutes on hand, and want to something fun, and do you also enjoy to play a fun internet browser game? If you are in the same mood as us today, then you probably would like to play the free Mission to Mars game online right now.
According to Baseline Mag the journey to Mars extends 352 million miles. NASA first mission to Mars was with Mariner 4, it was a flyby which happend in 1964. Since the first spacecraft was sent to Mars was launched in the 60s, there have been at least 70 missions that have been launched to the Red Planet or have flown by it on their way to other solar system bodies. If you count orbiting telescopes such as Hubble Space Telescope that have looked at Mars from near-Earth regions, the number is even higher. The hope is one day to send humans to Mars, but lack of space program funding might prevent this from happening for decades to come.
According to PlanetsForKids.org there are many fun facts for kids to learn about the planet Mars. It is easy to forget that Earth is not the only planet in the solar system. Seven (or eight if you include Pluto) other planets whiz around the sun just like ours. Of those planets, none of them are closer or more engaging to the imagination than Mars. The Red Planet, as Mars is often called, is the fourth planet from the sun. Mars has both North and South polar ice caps, much like Earth. Also like Earth, both ice caps are made mostly of frozen water. While a year on Mars might be almost twice as long as a year on Earth, the length of a day there is almost identical. A Martian day is 24 hours and 39 minutes long, less than an hour longer than a day on Earth. Mars is covered by craters from objects like asteroids and meteorites hitting the planet. Today, 43,000 such craters have been found and that only includes the large ones.
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