desc
stringlengths 3
26.7k
| decl
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|---|---|---|
'Truncate the file\'s size.
If the optional size argument is present, the file is truncated to
(at most) that size. The size defaults to the current position.
The current file position is not changed unless the position
is beyond the new file size.
If the specified size exceeds the file\'s current size, the
file remains unchanged.'
| def truncate(self, size=None):
| _complain_ifclosed(self.closed)
if (size is None):
size = self.pos
elif (size < 0):
raise IOError(EINVAL, 'Negative size not allowed')
elif (size < self.pos):
self.pos = size
self.buf = self.getvalue()[:size]
self.len = size
|
'Write a string to the file.
There is no return value.'
| def write(self, s):
| _complain_ifclosed(self.closed)
if (not s):
return
if (not isinstance(s, basestring)):
s = str(s)
spos = self.pos
slen = self.len
if (spos == slen):
self.buflist.append(s)
self.len = self.pos = (spos + len(s))
return
if (spos > slen):
self.buflist.append(('\x00' * (spos - slen)))
slen = spos
newpos = (spos + len(s))
if (spos < slen):
if self.buflist:
self.buf += ''.join(self.buflist)
self.buflist = [self.buf[:spos], s, self.buf[newpos:]]
self.buf = ''
if (newpos > slen):
slen = newpos
else:
self.buflist.append(s)
slen = newpos
self.len = slen
self.pos = newpos
|
'Write a sequence of strings to the file. The sequence can be any
iterable object producing strings, typically a list of strings. There
is no return value.
(The name is intended to match readlines(); writelines() does not add
line separators.)'
| def writelines(self, iterable):
| write = self.write
for line in iterable:
write(line)
|
'Flush the internal buffer'
| def flush(self):
| _complain_ifclosed(self.closed)
|
'Retrieve the entire contents of the "file" at any time before
the StringIO object\'s close() method is called.
The StringIO object can accept either Unicode or 8-bit strings,
but mixing the two may take some care. If both are used, 8-bit
strings that cannot be interpreted as 7-bit ASCII (that use the
8th bit) will cause a UnicodeError to be raised when getvalue()
is called.'
| def getvalue(self):
| _complain_ifclosed(self.closed)
if self.buflist:
self.buf += ''.join(self.buflist)
self.buflist = []
return self.buf
|
'real_value, coded_value = value_decode(STRING)
Called prior to setting a cookie\'s value from the network
representation. The VALUE is the value read from HTTP
header.
Override this function to modify the behavior of cookies.'
| def value_decode(self, val):
| return (val, val)
|
'real_value, coded_value = value_encode(VALUE)
Called prior to setting a cookie\'s value from the dictionary
representation. The VALUE is the value being assigned.
Override this function to modify the behavior of cookies.'
| def value_encode(self, val):
| strval = str(val)
return (strval, strval)
|
'Private method for setting a cookie\'s value'
| def __set(self, key, real_value, coded_value):
| M = self.get(key, Morsel())
M.set(key, real_value, coded_value)
dict.__setitem__(self, key, M)
|
'Dictionary style assignment.'
| def __setitem__(self, key, value):
| (rval, cval) = self.value_encode(value)
self.__set(key, rval, cval)
|
'Return a string suitable for HTTP.'
| def output(self, attrs=None, header='Set-Cookie:', sep='\r\n'):
| result = []
items = self.items()
items.sort()
for (K, V) in items:
result.append(V.output(attrs, header))
return sep.join(result)
|
'Return a string suitable for JavaScript.'
| def js_output(self, attrs=None):
| result = []
items = self.items()
items.sort()
for (K, V) in items:
result.append(V.js_output(attrs))
return _nulljoin(result)
|
'Load cookies from a string (presumably HTTP_COOKIE) or
from a dictionary. Loading cookies from a dictionary \'d\'
is equivalent to calling:
map(Cookie.__setitem__, d.keys(), d.values())'
| def load(self, rawdata):
| if (type(rawdata) == type('')):
self.__ParseString(rawdata)
else:
for (k, v) in rawdata.items():
self[k] = v
return
|
'Remove current thread from the dict of currently running threads.'
| def __delete(self):
| try:
with _active_limbo_lock:
del _active[_get_ident()]
except KeyError:
if ('dummy_threading' not in _sys.modules):
raise
|
'Stop the timer if it hasn\'t finished yet'
| def cancel(self):
| self.finished.set()
|
'Return a distinct copy of the current font'
| def copy(self):
| return Font(self._root, **self.actual())
|
'Return actual font attributes'
| def actual(self, option=None):
| if option:
return self._call('font', 'actual', self.name, ('-' + option))
else:
return self._mkdict(self._split(self._call('font', 'actual', self.name)))
|
'Get font attribute'
| def cget(self, option):
| return self._call('font', 'config', self.name, ('-' + option))
|
'Modify font attributes'
| def config(self, **options):
| if options:
self._call('font', 'config', self.name, *self._set(options))
else:
return self._mkdict(self._split(self._call('font', 'config', self.name)))
|
'Return text width'
| def measure(self, text):
| return int(self._call('font', 'measure', self.name, text))
|
'Return font metrics.
For best performance, create a dummy widget
using this font before calling this method.'
| def metrics(self, *options):
| if options:
return int(self._call('font', 'metrics', self.name, self._get(options)))
else:
res = self._split(self._call('font', 'metrics', self.name))
options = {}
for i in range(0, len(res), 2):
options[res[i][1:]] = int(res[(i + 1)])
return options
|
'rotate self counterclockwise by angle'
| def rotate(self, angle):
| perp = Vec2D((- self[1]), self[0])
angle = ((angle * math.pi) / 180.0)
(c, s) = (math.cos(angle), math.sin(angle))
return Vec2D(((self[0] * c) + (perp[0] * s)), ((self[1] * c) + (perp[1] * s)))
|
'Adjust canvas and scrollbars according to given canvas size.'
| def reset(self, canvwidth=None, canvheight=None, bg=None):
| if canvwidth:
self.canvwidth = canvwidth
if canvheight:
self.canvheight = canvheight
if bg:
self.bg = bg
self._canvas.config(bg=bg, scrollregion=(((- self.canvwidth) // 2), ((- self.canvheight) // 2), (self.canvwidth // 2), (self.canvheight // 2)))
self._canvas.xview_moveto(((0.5 * ((self.canvwidth - self.width) + 30)) / self.canvwidth))
self._canvas.yview_moveto(((0.5 * ((self.canvheight - self.height) + 30)) / self.canvheight))
self.adjustScrolls()
|
'Adjust scrollbars according to window- and canvas-size.'
| def adjustScrolls(self):
| cwidth = self._canvas.winfo_width()
cheight = self._canvas.winfo_height()
self._canvas.xview_moveto(((0.5 * (self.canvwidth - cwidth)) / self.canvwidth))
self._canvas.yview_moveto(((0.5 * (self.canvheight - cheight)) / self.canvheight))
if ((cwidth < self.canvwidth) or (cheight < self.canvheight)):
self.hscroll.grid(padx=1, in_=self, pady=1, row=1, column=0, rowspan=1, columnspan=1, sticky='news')
self.vscroll.grid(padx=1, in_=self, pady=1, row=0, column=1, rowspan=1, columnspan=1, sticky='news')
else:
self.hscroll.grid_forget()
self.vscroll.grid_forget()
|
'self-explanatory'
| def onResize(self, event):
| self.adjustScrolls()
|
'\'forward\' method, which canvas itself has inherited...'
| def bbox(self, *args):
| return self._canvas.bbox(*args)
|
'\'forward\' method, which canvas itself has inherited...'
| def cget(self, *args, **kwargs):
| return self._canvas.cget(*args, **kwargs)
|
'\'forward\' method, which canvas itself has inherited...'
| def config(self, *args, **kwargs):
| self._canvas.config(*args, **kwargs)
|
'\'forward\' method, which canvas itself has inherited...'
| def bind(self, *args, **kwargs):
| self._canvas.bind(*args, **kwargs)
|
'\'forward\' method, which canvas itself has inherited...'
| def unbind(self, *args, **kwargs):
| self._canvas.unbind(*args, **kwargs)
|
'\'forward\' method, which canvas itself has inherited...'
| def focus_force(self):
| self._canvas.focus_force()
|
'return a blank image object'
| @staticmethod
def _blankimage():
| img = TK.PhotoImage(width=1, height=1)
img.blank()
return img
|
'return an image object containing the
imagedata from a gif-file named filename.'
| @staticmethod
def _image(filename):
| return TK.PhotoImage(file=filename)
|
'Create an invisible polygon item on canvas self.cv)'
| def _createpoly(self):
| return self.cv.create_polygon((0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), fill='', outline='')
|
'Configure polygonitem polyitem according to provided
arguments:
coordlist is sequence of coordinates
fill is filling color
outline is outline color
top is a boolean value, which specifies if polyitem
will be put on top of the canvas\' displaylist so it
will not be covered by other items.'
| def _drawpoly(self, polyitem, coordlist, fill=None, outline=None, width=None, top=False):
| cl = []
for (x, y) in coordlist:
cl.append((x * self.xscale))
cl.append(((- y) * self.yscale))
self.cv.coords(polyitem, *cl)
if (fill is not None):
self.cv.itemconfigure(polyitem, fill=fill)
if (outline is not None):
self.cv.itemconfigure(polyitem, outline=outline)
if (width is not None):
self.cv.itemconfigure(polyitem, width=width)
if top:
self.cv.tag_raise(polyitem)
|
'Create an invisible line item on canvas self.cv)'
| def _createline(self):
| return self.cv.create_line(0, 0, 0, 0, fill='', width=2, capstyle=TK.ROUND)
|
'Configure lineitem according to provided arguments:
coordlist is sequence of coordinates
fill is drawing color
width is width of drawn line.
top is a boolean value, which specifies if polyitem
will be put on top of the canvas\' displaylist so it
will not be covered by other items.'
| def _drawline(self, lineitem, coordlist=None, fill=None, width=None, top=False):
| if (coordlist is not None):
cl = []
for (x, y) in coordlist:
cl.append((x * self.xscale))
cl.append(((- y) * self.yscale))
self.cv.coords(lineitem, *cl)
if (fill is not None):
self.cv.itemconfigure(lineitem, fill=fill)
if (width is not None):
self.cv.itemconfigure(lineitem, width=width)
if top:
self.cv.tag_raise(lineitem)
|
'Delete graphics item from canvas.
If item is"all" delete all graphics items.'
| def _delete(self, item):
| self.cv.delete(item)
|
'Redraw graphics items on canvas'
| def _update(self):
| self.cv.update()
|
'Delay subsequent canvas actions for delay ms.'
| def _delay(self, delay):
| self.cv.after(delay)
|
'Check if the string color is a legal Tkinter color string.'
| def _iscolorstring(self, color):
| try:
rgb = self.cv.winfo_rgb(color)
ok = True
except TK.TclError:
ok = False
return ok
|
'Set canvas\' backgroundcolor if color is not None,
else return backgroundcolor.'
| def _bgcolor(self, color=None):
| if (color is not None):
self.cv.config(bg=color)
self._update()
else:
return self.cv.cget('bg')
|
'Write txt at pos in canvas with specified font
and color.
Return text item and x-coord of right bottom corner
of text\'s bounding box.'
| def _write(self, pos, txt, align, font, pencolor):
| (x, y) = pos
x = (x * self.xscale)
y = (y * self.yscale)
anchor = {'left': 'sw', 'center': 's', 'right': 'se'}
item = self.cv.create_text((x - 1), (- y), text=txt, anchor=anchor[align], fill=pencolor, font=font)
(x0, y0, x1, y1) = self.cv.bbox(item)
self.cv.update()
return (item, (x1 - 1))
|
'Bind fun to mouse-click event on turtle.
fun must be a function with two arguments, the coordinates
of the clicked point on the canvas.
num, the number of the mouse-button defaults to 1'
| def _onclick(self, item, fun, num=1, add=None):
| if (fun is None):
self.cv.tag_unbind(item, ('<Button-%s>' % num))
else:
def eventfun(event):
(x, y) = ((self.cv.canvasx(event.x) / self.xscale), ((- self.cv.canvasy(event.y)) / self.yscale))
fun(x, y)
self.cv.tag_bind(item, ('<Button-%s>' % num), eventfun, add)
|
'Bind fun to mouse-button-release event on turtle.
fun must be a function with two arguments, the coordinates
of the point on the canvas where mouse button is released.
num, the number of the mouse-button defaults to 1
If a turtle is clicked, first _onclick-event will be performed,
then _onscreensclick-event.'
| def _onrelease(self, item, fun, num=1, add=None):
| if (fun is None):
self.cv.tag_unbind(item, ('<Button%s-ButtonRelease>' % num))
else:
def eventfun(event):
(x, y) = ((self.cv.canvasx(event.x) / self.xscale), ((- self.cv.canvasy(event.y)) / self.yscale))
fun(x, y)
self.cv.tag_bind(item, ('<Button%s-ButtonRelease>' % num), eventfun, add)
|
'Bind fun to mouse-move-event (with pressed mouse button) on turtle.
fun must be a function with two arguments, the coordinates of the
actual mouse position on the canvas.
num, the number of the mouse-button defaults to 1
Every sequence of mouse-move-events on a turtle is preceded by a
mouse-click event on that turtle.'
| def _ondrag(self, item, fun, num=1, add=None):
| if (fun is None):
self.cv.tag_unbind(item, ('<Button%s-Motion>' % num))
else:
def eventfun(event):
try:
(x, y) = ((self.cv.canvasx(event.x) / self.xscale), ((- self.cv.canvasy(event.y)) / self.yscale))
fun(x, y)
except:
pass
self.cv.tag_bind(item, ('<Button%s-Motion>' % num), eventfun, add)
|
'Bind fun to mouse-click event on canvas.
fun must be a function with two arguments, the coordinates
of the clicked point on the canvas.
num, the number of the mouse-button defaults to 1
If a turtle is clicked, first _onclick-event will be performed,
then _onscreensclick-event.'
| def _onscreenclick(self, fun, num=1, add=None):
| if (fun is None):
self.cv.unbind(('<Button-%s>' % num))
else:
def eventfun(event):
(x, y) = ((self.cv.canvasx(event.x) / self.xscale), ((- self.cv.canvasy(event.y)) / self.yscale))
fun(x, y)
self.cv.bind(('<Button-%s>' % num), eventfun, add)
|
'Bind fun to key-release event of key.
Canvas must have focus. See method listen'
| def _onkey(self, fun, key):
| if (fun is None):
self.cv.unbind(('<KeyRelease-%s>' % key), None)
else:
def eventfun(event):
fun()
self.cv.bind(('<KeyRelease-%s>' % key), eventfun)
|
'Set focus on canvas (in order to collect key-events)'
| def _listen(self):
| self.cv.focus_force()
|
'Install a timer, which calls fun after t milliseconds.'
| def _ontimer(self, fun, t):
| if (t == 0):
self.cv.after_idle(fun)
else:
self.cv.after(t, fun)
|
'Create and return image item on canvas.'
| def _createimage(self, image):
| return self.cv.create_image(0, 0, image=image)
|
'Configure image item as to draw image object
at position (x,y) on canvas)'
| def _drawimage(self, item, (x, y), image):
| self.cv.coords(item, ((x * self.xscale), ((- y) * self.yscale)))
self.cv.itemconfig(item, image=image)
|
'Configure image item as to draw image object
at center of canvas. Set item to the first item
in the displaylist, so it will be drawn below
any other item .'
| def _setbgpic(self, item, image):
| self.cv.itemconfig(item, image=image)
self.cv.tag_lower(item)
|
'Return \'line\' or \'polygon\' or \'image\' depending on
type of item.'
| def _type(self, item):
| return self.cv.type(item)
|
'returns list of coordinate-pairs of points of item
Example (for insiders):
>>> from turtle import *
>>> getscreen()._pointlist(getturtle().turtle._item)
[(0.0, 9.9999999999999982), (0.0, -9.9999999999999982),
(9.9999999999999982, 0.0)]'
| def _pointlist(self, item):
| cl = self.cv.coords(item)
pl = [(cl[i], (- cl[(i + 1)])) for i in range(0, len(cl), 2)]
return pl
|
'Resize the canvas the turtles are drawing on. Does
not alter the drawing window.'
| def _resize(self, canvwidth=None, canvheight=None, bg=None):
| if (not isinstance(self.cv, ScrolledCanvas)):
return (self.canvwidth, self.canvheight)
if (canvwidth is canvheight is bg is None):
return (self.cv.canvwidth, self.cv.canvheight)
if (canvwidth is not None):
self.canvwidth = canvwidth
if (canvheight is not None):
self.canvheight = canvheight
self.cv.reset(canvwidth, canvheight, bg)
|
'Return the width and height of the turtle window.'
| def _window_size(self):
| width = self.cv.winfo_width()
if (width <= 1):
width = self.cv['width']
height = self.cv.winfo_height()
if (height <= 1):
height = self.cv['height']
return (width, height)
|
'Add component to a shape of type compound.
Arguments: poly is a polygon, i. e. a tuple of number pairs.
fill is the fillcolor of the component,
outline is the outline color of the component.
call (for a Shapeobject namend s):
-- s.addcomponent(((0,0), (10,10), (-10,10)), "red", "blue")
Example:
>>> poly = ((0,0),(10,-5),(0,10),(-10,-5))
>>> s = Shape("compound")
>>> s.addcomponent(poly, "red", "blue")
### .. add more components and then use register_shape()'
| def addcomponent(self, poly, fill, outline=None):
| if (self._type != 'compound'):
raise TurtleGraphicsError(('Cannot add component to %s Shape' % self._type))
if (outline is None):
outline = fill
self._data.append([poly, fill, outline])
|
'Delete all drawings and all turtles from the TurtleScreen.
Reset empty TurtleScreen to its initial state: white background,
no backgroundimage, no eventbindings and tracing on.
No argument.
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
screen.clear()
Note: this method is not available as function.'
| def clear(self):
| self._delayvalue = _CFG['delay']
self._colormode = _CFG['colormode']
self._delete('all')
self._bgpic = self._createimage('')
self._bgpicname = 'nopic'
self._tracing = 1
self._updatecounter = 0
self._turtles = []
self.bgcolor('white')
for btn in (1, 2, 3):
self.onclick(None, btn)
for key in self._keys[:]:
self.onkey(None, key)
Turtle._pen = None
|
'Set turtle-mode (\'standard\', \'logo\' or \'world\') and perform reset.
Optional argument:
mode -- on of the strings \'standard\', \'logo\' or \'world\'
Mode \'standard\' is compatible with turtle.py.
Mode \'logo\' is compatible with most Logo-Turtle-Graphics.
Mode \'world\' uses userdefined \'worldcoordinates\'. *Attention*: in
this mode angles appear distorted if x/y unit-ratio doesn\'t equal 1.
If mode is not given, return the current mode.
Mode Initial turtle heading positive angles
\'standard\' to the right (east) counterclockwise
\'logo\' upward (north) clockwise
Examples:
>>> mode(\'logo\') # resets turtle heading to north
>>> mode()
\'logo\''
| def mode(self, mode=None):
| if (mode is None):
return self._mode
mode = mode.lower()
if (mode not in ['standard', 'logo', 'world']):
raise TurtleGraphicsError(('No turtle-graphics-mode %s' % mode))
self._mode = mode
if (mode in ['standard', 'logo']):
self._setscrollregion(((- self.canvwidth) // 2), ((- self.canvheight) // 2), (self.canvwidth // 2), (self.canvheight // 2))
self.xscale = self.yscale = 1.0
self.reset()
|
'Set up a user defined coordinate-system.
Arguments:
llx -- a number, x-coordinate of lower left corner of canvas
lly -- a number, y-coordinate of lower left corner of canvas
urx -- a number, x-coordinate of upper right corner of canvas
ury -- a number, y-coordinate of upper right corner of canvas
Set up user coodinat-system and switch to mode \'world\' if necessary.
This performs a screen.reset. If mode \'world\' is already active,
all drawings are redrawn according to the new coordinates.
But ATTENTION: in user-defined coordinatesystems angles may appear
distorted. (see Screen.mode())
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.setworldcoordinates(-10,-0.5,50,1.5)
>>> for _ in range(36):
left(10)
forward(0.5)'
| def setworldcoordinates(self, llx, lly, urx, ury):
| if (self.mode() != 'world'):
self.mode('world')
xspan = float((urx - llx))
yspan = float((ury - lly))
(wx, wy) = self._window_size()
self.screensize((wx - 20), (wy - 20))
(oldxscale, oldyscale) = (self.xscale, self.yscale)
self.xscale = (self.canvwidth / xspan)
self.yscale = (self.canvheight / yspan)
srx1 = (llx * self.xscale)
sry1 = ((- ury) * self.yscale)
srx2 = (self.canvwidth + srx1)
sry2 = (self.canvheight + sry1)
self._setscrollregion(srx1, sry1, srx2, sry2)
self._rescale((self.xscale / oldxscale), (self.yscale / oldyscale))
self.update()
|
'Adds a turtle shape to TurtleScreen\'s shapelist.
Arguments:
(1) name is the name of a gif-file and shape is None.
Installs the corresponding image shape.
!! Image-shapes DO NOT rotate when turning the turtle,
!! so they do not display the heading of the turtle!
(2) name is an arbitrary string and shape is a tuple
of pairs of coordinates. Installs the corresponding
polygon shape
(3) name is an arbitrary string and shape is a
(compound) Shape object. Installs the corresponding
compound shape.
To use a shape, you have to issue the command shape(shapename).
call: register_shape("turtle.gif")
--or: register_shape("tri", ((0,0), (10,10), (-10,10)))
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.register_shape("triangle", ((5,-3),(0,5),(-5,-3)))'
| def register_shape(self, name, shape=None):
| if (shape is None):
if name.lower().endswith('.gif'):
shape = Shape('image', self._image(name))
else:
raise TurtleGraphicsError(('Bad arguments for register_shape.\n' + 'Use help(register_shape)'))
elif isinstance(shape, tuple):
shape = Shape('polygon', shape)
self._shapes[name] = shape
|
'Return color string corresponding to args.
Argument may be a string or a tuple of three
numbers corresponding to actual colormode,
i.e. in the range 0<=n<=colormode.
If the argument doesn\'t represent a color,
an error is raised.'
| def _colorstr(self, color):
| if (len(color) == 1):
color = color[0]
if isinstance(color, str):
if (self._iscolorstring(color) or (color == '')):
return color
else:
raise TurtleGraphicsError(('bad color string: %s' % str(color)))
try:
(r, g, b) = color
except:
raise TurtleGraphicsError(('bad color arguments: %s' % str(color)))
if (self._colormode == 1.0):
(r, g, b) = [round((255.0 * x)) for x in (r, g, b)]
if (not ((0 <= r <= 255) and (0 <= g <= 255) and (0 <= b <= 255))):
raise TurtleGraphicsError(('bad color sequence: %s' % str(color)))
return ('#%02x%02x%02x' % (r, g, b))
|
'Return the colormode or set it to 1.0 or 255.
Optional argument:
cmode -- one of the values 1.0 or 255
r, g, b values of colortriples have to be in range 0..cmode.
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.colormode()
1.0
>>> screen.colormode(255)
>>> turtle.pencolor(240,160,80)'
| def colormode(self, cmode=None):
| if (cmode is None):
return self._colormode
if (cmode == 1.0):
self._colormode = float(cmode)
elif (cmode == 255):
self._colormode = int(cmode)
|
'Reset all Turtles on the Screen to their initial state.
No argument.
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.reset()'
| def reset(self):
| for turtle in self._turtles:
turtle._setmode(self._mode)
turtle.reset()
|
'Return the list of turtles on the screen.
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.turtles()
[<turtle.Turtle object at 0x00E11FB0>]'
| def turtles(self):
| return self._turtles
|
'Set or return backgroundcolor of the TurtleScreen.
Arguments (if given): a color string or three numbers
in the range 0..colormode or a 3-tuple of such numbers.
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.bgcolor("orange")
>>> screen.bgcolor()
\'orange\'
>>> screen.bgcolor(0.5,0,0.5)
>>> screen.bgcolor()
\'#800080\''
| def bgcolor(self, *args):
| if args:
color = self._colorstr(args)
else:
color = None
color = self._bgcolor(color)
if (color is not None):
color = self._color(color)
return color
|
'Turns turtle animation on/off and set delay for update drawings.
Optional arguments:
n -- nonnegative integer
delay -- nonnegative integer
If n is given, only each n-th regular screen update is really performed.
(Can be used to accelerate the drawing of complex graphics.)
Second arguments sets delay value (see RawTurtle.delay())
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.tracer(8, 25)
>>> dist = 2
>>> for i in range(200):
fd(dist)
rt(90)
dist += 2'
| def tracer(self, n=None, delay=None):
| if (n is None):
return self._tracing
self._tracing = int(n)
self._updatecounter = 0
if (delay is not None):
self._delayvalue = int(delay)
if self._tracing:
self.update()
|
'Return or set the drawing delay in milliseconds.
Optional argument:
delay -- positive integer
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.delay(15)
>>> screen.delay()
15'
| def delay(self, delay=None):
| if (delay is None):
return self._delayvalue
self._delayvalue = int(delay)
|
'Increment upadate counter.'
| def _incrementudc(self):
| if (not TurtleScreen._RUNNING):
TurtleScreen._RUNNNING = True
raise Terminator
if (self._tracing > 0):
self._updatecounter += 1
self._updatecounter %= self._tracing
|
'Perform a TurtleScreen update.'
| def update(self):
| tracing = self._tracing
self._tracing = True
for t in self.turtles():
t._update_data()
t._drawturtle()
self._tracing = tracing
self._update()
|
'Return the width of the turtle window.
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.window_width()
640'
| def window_width(self):
| return self._window_size()[0]
|
'Return the height of the turtle window.
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.window_height()
480'
| def window_height(self):
| return self._window_size()[1]
|
'Return the Canvas of this TurtleScreen.
No argument.
Example (for a Screen instance named screen):
>>> cv = screen.getcanvas()
>>> cv
<turtle.ScrolledCanvas instance at 0x010742D8>'
| def getcanvas(self):
| return self.cv
|
'Return a list of names of all currently available turtle shapes.
No argument.
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.getshapes()
[\'arrow\', \'blank\', \'circle\', ... , \'turtle\']'
| def getshapes(self):
| return sorted(self._shapes.keys())
|
'Bind fun to mouse-click event on canvas.
Arguments:
fun -- a function with two arguments, the coordinates of the
clicked point on the canvas.
num -- the number of the mouse-button, defaults to 1
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen
and a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> screen.onclick(turtle.goto)
### Subsequently clicking into the TurtleScreen will
### make the turtle move to the clicked point.
>>> screen.onclick(None)
### event-binding will be removed'
| def onclick(self, fun, btn=1, add=None):
| self._onscreenclick(fun, btn, add)
|
'Bind fun to key-release event of key.
Arguments:
fun -- a function with no arguments
key -- a string: key (e.g. "a") or key-symbol (e.g. "space")
In order to be able to register key-events, TurtleScreen
must have focus. (See method listen.)
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen
and a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> def f():
fd(50)
lt(60)
>>> screen.onkey(f, "Up")
>>> screen.listen()
### Subsequently the turtle can be moved by
### repeatedly pressing the up-arrow key,
### consequently drawing a hexagon'
| def onkey(self, fun, key):
| if (fun is None):
if (key in self._keys):
self._keys.remove(key)
elif (key not in self._keys):
self._keys.append(key)
self._onkey(fun, key)
|
'Set focus on TurtleScreen (in order to collect key-events)
No arguments.
Dummy arguments are provided in order
to be able to pass listen to the onclick method.
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.listen()'
| def listen(self, xdummy=None, ydummy=None):
| self._listen()
|
'Install a timer, which calls fun after t milliseconds.
Arguments:
fun -- a function with no arguments.
t -- a number >= 0
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> running = True
>>> def f():
if running:
fd(50)
lt(60)
screen.ontimer(f, 250)
>>> f() ### makes the turtle marching around
>>> running = False'
| def ontimer(self, fun, t=0):
| self._ontimer(fun, t)
|
'Set background image or return name of current backgroundimage.
Optional argument:
picname -- a string, name of a gif-file or "nopic".
If picname is a filename, set the corresponding image as background.
If picname is "nopic", delete backgroundimage, if present.
If picname is None, return the filename of the current backgroundimage.
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.bgpic()
\'nopic\'
>>> screen.bgpic("landscape.gif")
>>> screen.bgpic()
\'landscape.gif\''
| def bgpic(self, picname=None):
| if (picname is None):
return self._bgpicname
if (picname not in self._bgpics):
self._bgpics[picname] = self._image(picname)
self._setbgpic(self._bgpic, self._bgpics[picname])
self._bgpicname = picname
|
'Resize the canvas the turtles are drawing on.
Optional arguments:
canvwidth -- positive integer, new width of canvas in pixels
canvheight -- positive integer, new height of canvas in pixels
bg -- colorstring or color-tuple, new backgroundcolor
If no arguments are given, return current (canvaswidth, canvasheight)
Do not alter the drawing window. To observe hidden parts of
the canvas use the scrollbars. (Can make visible those parts
of a drawing, which were outside the canvas before!)
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.screensize(2000,1500)
### e. g. to search for an erroneously escaped turtle ;-)'
| def screensize(self, canvwidth=None, canvheight=None, bg=None):
| return self._resize(canvwidth, canvheight, bg)
|
'reset turtle to its initial values
Will be overwritten by parent class'
| def reset(self):
| self._position = Vec2D(0.0, 0.0)
self._orient = TNavigator.START_ORIENTATION[self._mode]
|
'Set turtle-mode to \'standard\', \'world\' or \'logo\'.'
| def _setmode(self, mode=None):
| if (mode is None):
return self._mode
if (mode not in ['standard', 'logo', 'world']):
return
self._mode = mode
if (mode in ['standard', 'world']):
self._angleOffset = 0
self._angleOrient = 1
else:
self._angleOffset = (self._fullcircle / 4.0)
self._angleOrient = (-1)
|
'Helper function for degrees() and radians()'
| def _setDegreesPerAU(self, fullcircle):
| self._fullcircle = fullcircle
self._degreesPerAU = (360 / fullcircle)
if (self._mode == 'standard'):
self._angleOffset = 0
else:
self._angleOffset = (fullcircle / 4.0)
|
'Set angle measurement units to degrees.
Optional argument:
fullcircle - a number
Set angle measurement units, i. e. set number
of \'degrees\' for a full circle. Dafault value is
360 degrees.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.left(90)
>>> turtle.heading()
90
Change angle measurement unit to grad (also known as gon,
grade, or gradian and equals 1/100-th of the right angle.)
>>> turtle.degrees(400.0)
>>> turtle.heading()
100'
| def degrees(self, fullcircle=360.0):
| self._setDegreesPerAU(fullcircle)
|
'Set the angle measurement units to radians.
No arguments.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.heading()
90
>>> turtle.radians()
>>> turtle.heading()
1.5707963267948966'
| def radians(self):
| self._setDegreesPerAU((2 * math.pi))
|
'move turtle forward by specified distance'
| def _go(self, distance):
| ende = (self._position + (self._orient * distance))
self._goto(ende)
|
'Turn turtle counterclockwise by specified angle if angle > 0.'
| def _rotate(self, angle):
| angle *= self._degreesPerAU
self._orient = self._orient.rotate(angle)
|
'move turtle to position end.'
| def _goto(self, end):
| self._position = end
|
'Move the turtle forward by the specified distance.
Aliases: forward | fd
Argument:
distance -- a number (integer or float)
Move the turtle forward by the specified distance, in the direction
the turtle is headed.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.position()
(0.00, 0.00)
>>> turtle.forward(25)
>>> turtle.position()
(25.00,0.00)
>>> turtle.forward(-75)
>>> turtle.position()
(-50.00,0.00)'
| def forward(self, distance):
| self._go(distance)
|
'Move the turtle backward by distance.
Aliases: back | backward | bk
Argument:
distance -- a number
Move the turtle backward by distance ,opposite to the direction the
turtle is headed. Do not change the turtle\'s heading.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.position()
(0.00, 0.00)
>>> turtle.backward(30)
>>> turtle.position()
(-30.00, 0.00)'
| def back(self, distance):
| self._go((- distance))
|
'Turn turtle right by angle units.
Aliases: right | rt
Argument:
angle -- a number (integer or float)
Turn turtle right by angle units. (Units are by default degrees,
but can be set via the degrees() and radians() functions.)
Angle orientation depends on mode. (See this.)
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.heading()
22.0
>>> turtle.right(45)
>>> turtle.heading()
337.0'
| def right(self, angle):
| self._rotate((- angle))
|
'Turn turtle left by angle units.
Aliases: left | lt
Argument:
angle -- a number (integer or float)
Turn turtle left by angle units. (Units are by default degrees,
but can be set via the degrees() and radians() functions.)
Angle orientation depends on mode. (See this.)
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.heading()
22.0
>>> turtle.left(45)
>>> turtle.heading()
67.0'
| def left(self, angle):
| self._rotate(angle)
|
'Return the turtle\'s current location (x,y), as a Vec2D-vector.
Aliases: pos | position
No arguments.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.pos()
(0.00, 240.00)'
| def pos(self):
| return self._position
|
'Return the turtle\'s x coordinate.
No arguments.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> reset()
>>> turtle.left(60)
>>> turtle.forward(100)
>>> print turtle.xcor()
50.0'
| def xcor(self):
| return self._position[0]
|
'Return the turtle\'s y coordinate
No arguments.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> reset()
>>> turtle.left(60)
>>> turtle.forward(100)
>>> print turtle.ycor()
86.6025403784'
| def ycor(self):
| return self._position[1]
|
'Move turtle to an absolute position.
Aliases: setpos | setposition | goto:
Arguments:
x -- a number or a pair/vector of numbers
y -- a number None
call: goto(x, y) # two coordinates
--or: goto((x, y)) # a pair (tuple) of coordinates
--or: goto(vec) # e.g. as returned by pos()
Move turtle to an absolute position. If the pen is down,
a line will be drawn. The turtle\'s orientation does not change.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> tp = turtle.pos()
>>> tp
(0.00, 0.00)
>>> turtle.setpos(60,30)
>>> turtle.pos()
(60.00,30.00)
>>> turtle.setpos((20,80))
>>> turtle.pos()
(20.00,80.00)
>>> turtle.setpos(tp)
>>> turtle.pos()
(0.00,0.00)'
| def goto(self, x, y=None):
| if (y is None):
self._goto(Vec2D(*x))
else:
self._goto(Vec2D(x, y))
|
'Move turtle to the origin - coordinates (0,0).
No arguments.
Move turtle to the origin - coordinates (0,0) and set its
heading to its start-orientation (which depends on mode).
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.home()'
| def home(self):
| self.goto(0, 0)
self.setheading(0)
|
'Set the turtle\'s first coordinate to x
Argument:
x -- a number (integer or float)
Set the turtle\'s first coordinate to x, leave second coordinate
unchanged.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.position()
(0.00, 240.00)
>>> turtle.setx(10)
>>> turtle.position()
(10.00, 240.00)'
| def setx(self, x):
| self._goto(Vec2D(x, self._position[1]))
|
'Set the turtle\'s second coordinate to y
Argument:
y -- a number (integer or float)
Set the turtle\'s first coordinate to x, second coordinate remains
unchanged.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.position()
(0.00, 40.00)
>>> turtle.sety(-10)
>>> turtle.position()
(0.00, -10.00)'
| def sety(self, y):
| self._goto(Vec2D(self._position[0], y))
|
'Return the distance from the turtle to (x,y) in turtle step units.
Arguments:
x -- a number or a pair/vector of numbers or a turtle instance
y -- a number None None
call: distance(x, y) # two coordinates
--or: distance((x, y)) # a pair (tuple) of coordinates
--or: distance(vec) # e.g. as returned by pos()
--or: distance(mypen) # where mypen is another turtle
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.pos()
(0.00, 0.00)
>>> turtle.distance(30,40)
50.0
>>> pen = Turtle()
>>> pen.forward(77)
>>> turtle.distance(pen)
77.0'
| def distance(self, x, y=None):
| if (y is not None):
pos = Vec2D(x, y)
if isinstance(x, Vec2D):
pos = x
elif isinstance(x, tuple):
pos = Vec2D(*x)
elif isinstance(x, TNavigator):
pos = x._position
return abs((pos - self._position))
|
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