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Louise delos Reyes
Mary Grace delos Reyes Perido (born 1 September 1992), better known Louise delos Reyes, is a Filipino actress and model. She left GMA Network in May 2017 and signed a 5 year-managerial contract with Viva which made her comeback on ABS-CBN and appeared on Ang Probinsyano and Asintado.
Life and career
Delos Reyes was 8 years old when she started her acting career in the show Ang TV 2 using her real name Grace. She was then a cast in Ang Iibigin ay Ikaw and had been a contract artist of GMA until early 2004 and stopped to focus on her studies. She returned to TV as part of the cast of Lipgloss in TV5. She also played a lead role in the Peque Gallaga indie film Agaton and Mindy, which earned her a Best New Movie Actress nomination from PMPC. Prior to her TV career, she has won beauty contests including Ms. Lyceum of the Philippines University — Cavite 2010, Ms. Teen Philippines International — Luzon 2007, Ms. Jag Teen 2007 and Ms. Teen Super Ferry 2007.
In 2010, Delos Reyes had her first acting stint in GMA as Maricel Soriano's daughter in Pilyang Kerubin. She was then cast in Reel Love Presents: Tween Hearts and got her very first lead role in Alakdana. She had played in several movies and co-starred with Kathryn Bernardo in a 2011 horror movie Parola: Shake, Rattle & Roll 13. Delos Reyes was also a cast in My Beloved headlined by Marian Rivera and Dingdong Dantes and got her first break in 2012 as she play the lead role Elize in the GMA7 primetime drama One True Love with Alden Richards.
The success of Richards and Delos Reyes tandem was followed by another top-rating show Mundo Mo'y Akin in 2013. She also got her degree in Foreign Service, came back in doing indie film via Island Dreams on the same year. In 2014, she headlined Kambal Sirena portraying a dual role as human/mermaid. Delos Reyes made a TV comeback as Pepay in GMA's Afternoon Prime drama Magkaibang Mundo in 2016 and starred in Baka Bukas. By early 2017, she left GMA Artist Center and signed a 5-year managerial contract with VIVA Artists Agency.
Filmography
Television
Film
Music video appearances
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Louise delos Reyes Official
Category:1992 births
Category:Living people
Category:Star Magic
Category:People from Tanza, Cavite
Category:Filipino beauty pageant winners
Category:Filipino actresses
Category:Filipino female models
Category:Actresses from Cavite
Category:Viva Artists Agency
Category:Lyceum of the Philippines University alumni
Category:Filipina gravure idols | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Miriam Kantorková
Miriam Kantorková (born 13 March 1935, in Prague) is a Czech actress. She starred in the 1970 film Witchhammer under director Otakar Vávra.
Selected filmography
První parta (1959)
Romance for Bugle (1967)
Witchhammer (1970)
References
External links
Category:Czech film actresses
Category:1935 births
Category:Living people
Category:Actresses from Prague
Category:Czech television actresses
Category:Academy of Performing Arts in Prague alumni
Category:Czech voice actresses
Category:20th-century Czech actresses
Category:21st-century Czech actresses | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Hill's Sawmill
Hill's Sawmill, also known as Holbert & Branning Mill and Duck Harbor Lumber & Chemical Co., is a historic sawmill located at Damascus Township, Wayne County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1873, and is a two-story, rectangular building with a gable roof. It measures approximately 70 feet long and 25 feet wide and sits on a stone foundation. It contains original mill equipment.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
References
Category:Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Category:Industrial buildings completed in 1873
Category:Buildings and structures in Wayne County, Pennsylvania
Category:Sawmills
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Wayne County, Pennsylvania | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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List of UK top-ten albums in 2020
The UK Albums Chart is one of many music charts compiled by the Official Charts Company that calculates the best-selling albums of the week in the United Kingdom. Since 2004 the chart has been based on the sales of both physical albums and digital downloads. Since 2015, the album chart has been based on both sales and streaming. This list shows albums that peaked in the top ten of the UK Albums Chart during 2020, as well as albums which peaked in 2019 but were in the top 10 in 2020. The entry date is when the album appeared in the top 10 for the first time (week ending, as published by the Official Charts Company, which is six days after the chart is announced).
Thirty-five albums have been in the top ten so far this year (as of 5 March 2020, week ending). Twelve albums from 2019 remained in the top ten for several weeks at the beginning of the year.
Top-ten albums
Key
See also
List of UK Albums Chart number ones of the 2020s
References
General
Specific
External links
2020 album chart archive at the Official Charts Company (click on relevant week)
United Kingdom top 10 albums
Top 10 albums
2020 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Baryan
Baryan (, also Romanized as Bāryān; also known as Bāryūn) is a village in Susan-e Gharbi Rural District, Susan District, Izeh County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 47, in 8 families.
References
Category:Populated places in Izeh County | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Fabiana Mollica
Fabiana Mollica (born 25 December 1983) is an Italian bobsledder. She competed in the two woman event at the 2006 Winter Olympics.
References
Category:1983 births
Category:Living people
Category:Italian female bobsledders
Category:Olympic bobsledders of Italy
Category:Bobsledders at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Category:People from Verbania | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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1644 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).
Events
Works published
Great Britain
John Cleveland, The Character of a London Diurnall, anonymously published
Francis Quarles:
Barnabas and Boanerges: Or, wine and oyle for afflicted soules, Part 2 also published this year in an unauthorized edition as Barnabas and Boanerges; both parts published together under the title Judgement and Mercie for Afflicted Soules 1646
The Shepheards Oracle
Other
Johann Klaj and Georg Philipp Harsdörffer, Pegnesische Schäfergedicht
Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
Matsuo Bashō (died 1694), famous poet of the Edo period in Japan, especially Haiku
Isaac Chayyim Cantarini (died 1723), Italian poet, writer, physician, rabbi and preacher
Frances Norton, Lady Norton (died 1731), English poetry religious poet and prose writer
Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
Nicholas Bourbon (born 1574), French clergyman and neo-Latin poet
Peter Hausted (born 1605), playwright, poet, preacher
Geoffrey Keating (born 1569), Irish Roman Catholic priest, poet and historian
Rhys Prichard (born 1579), Welsh language poet and a vicar
Francis Quarles (born 1592), English
George Sandys (born 1578), English traveller, colonist and poet, the seventh and youngest son of Church of England Archbishop Edwin Sandys
Luís Vélez de Guevara (born 1579), Spanish dramatist, poet, and novelist
See also
Poetry
17th century in poetry
17th century in literature
Cavalier poets in England, who supported the monarch against the puritans in the English Civil War
Notes
Category:17th-century poetry
Poetry | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
E. Reese Hopkins
Reese Hopkins is an American radio talk show host also known as E. Reese Hopkins. Hopkins was a news anchor and news director for the Star and Bucwild show. From December 2007 to October 2008, he hosted a mid day show for Boston station WRKO.
Radio career
E. Reese Hopkins officially began his radio career in April 2001 as a writer for the Star & Buc Wild radio show at Hot 97. He introduced himself by faxing fake news to the show.
As a result of his comedic pieces being read on air, he was offered a news anchor position. Hopkins stayed in that position until 2005. Hopkins resigned from the show in October 2005, seeking new opportunities in radio.
Hopkins took two years off from radio, and moved with his family to Fort Lee, New Jersey. He managed a tile warehouse and produced a program for Howard 100 on Sirius Satellite Radio. In October 2007, he auditioned for an on-air position after a call from WRKO station manager Jim Capuano. After a successful audition station management offered him a slot in December 2007. He was fired from WRKO Boston on October 16, 2008 as part of company wide cost cutting in the face of declining revenues and stock prices. He was replaced by Laura Ingraham, a syndicated talk host.
Controversy
College degree
In April 2008, challenges were made to Hopkins' claims that he graduated from Fordham University in 1991. In an interview with the Boston Herald, Hopkins said he graduated under a different name, citing "legal reasons". He added, "I had to go to college either under an emancipated name or under a guardianship, which is under my father’s name. It’s a private matter. I did graduate from Fordham University."
On October 22, 2008, a week after being let go by WRKO, Hopkins was arrested at his Malden, Massachusetts home on a fugitive from justice charge. It is alleged that Hopkins raped a 12-year-old girl some four years earlier. He waived extradition to New York City where he was charged with two counts of rape. One in the first degree, one in the second degree and one charge of endangering the welfare of a child.
In a statement to the press, Hopkins denied the charges stating: “She charged me on Oct. 1 of 2004. I was living in Manchester, Connecticut. I couldn’t have been there.”
Not being able to make bail of $100,000 cash or $300,000 bond, Hopkins was held at Rikers Island for 2-1/2 years. In November 2009, he was offered a deal of time served if he pleaded guilty to a lower sexual offense and register as a sex offender. Hopkins professed his innocence and turned the deal down. He was finally put on trial March 2, 2011 when jury selection began. During the trial, Hopkins' accuser changed her story and the investigating detective was cut from the witness list. The trial ended in a mistrial on March 24, 2011 after two days of deliberation when eight of the jurors voted not guilty on all charges, and all but one juror voted not guilty on the most serious charge of child rape. Hopkins was finally freed on bail April 6, 2011 after bail was dropped to $20,000. The prosecutor promised to file for a re-trial, however the arrest of Hopkin's accuser on a gun charge has muddied the case and a re-trial has not been filed.
References
Category:African-American radio personalities
Category:American radio news anchors
Category:American talk radio hosts
Category:Radio personalities from Boston
Category:Fordham University alumni
Category:People from Fort Lee, New Jersey
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Vishal Sharma
Vishal Sharma may refer to:
Vishal Sharma (Delhi cricketer) (born 1978), Indian cricketer
Vishal Sharma (Hyderabad cricketer) (born 1987), Indian cricketer
Vishal Sharma (Railways cricketer) (born 1977), Indian cricketer
Vishal O Sharma, Indian Actor
Vishal Sharma, (born 1996 | Ujjain), Indian
Vishal Sharma, Indian Software Developer | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Lot 4, Prince Edward Island
Lot 4 is a township in Prince County, Prince Edward Island, Canada created during the 1764–1766 survey of Samuel Holland. It is part of Egmont Parish.
Communities
Incorporated municipalities:
Alberton
Greenmount-Montrose
Civic address communities:
Alberton
Bloomfield
Brockton
Brooklyn
Campbellton
Central Kildare
Elmsdale
Glengarry
Huntley
Montrose
O'Brien Road
Piusville
Rosebank
Roseville
Union
History
Lot 4 was awarded to Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel in the 1767 land lottery. The township subsequently went through various owners under feudalism when Prince Edward Island was a British colony prior to Canadian Confederation.
References
04
Category:Geography of Prince County, Prince Edward Island | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Deto echinata
Deto echinata, the horned isopod, is a species of air-breathing isopod, or woodlouse, in the family Detonidae. It inhabits seashores in southern Africa and on some oceanic islands.
Description
D. echinata is distinguished by a pair of long curved "horns" situated on the back of each segment of the thorax. These horns are substantially longer in males than in females. Horn length in males has been found to be correlated with body condition, and it is hypothesized that this sexual dimorphism acts as an indicator of overall fitness and is the result of sexual selection. Colouration is dark brown on the back, lighter brown in patches, underneath and on the extremities. Males have an average length of 30 mm, females of 22 mm, making the species one of the largest in the suborder.
Distribution
The species occurs on the coast of southern Africa, having been recorded in Namibia, South Africa and Mozambique. It can also be found on Île Amsterdam and Île Saint-Paul in the southern Indian Ocean. It inhabits the intertidal zone, where it occurs on or under rocks, generally associated with kelp and other organic drift material.
Ecology
D. echinata is placed in the suborder Oniscidea, the woodlice, a group of crustaceans that is adapted to terrestrial rather than aquatic habitats. The species spends its life on shore, feeding mainly on drift algae and other washed-up plant material but also on carrion and small live prey. Where their ranges overlap in western South Africa, individuals are commonly mixed in with groups of the generally much more numerous, distantly related Ligia dilatata.
References
Category:Woodlice
Category:Crustaceans described in 1836
Category:Crustaceans of South Africa | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Caio (moth)
Caio is a genus of moths in the family Saturniidae. The genus was described by Travassos and Noronha in 1968.
Species
Caio championi (Druce, 1886)
Caio chiapasiana Brechlin & Meister, 2010
Caio harrietae (Forbes, 1944)
Caio hidalgensis Brechlin & Meister, 2010
Caio richardsoni (Druce, 1890)
Caio romulus (Maassen, 1869)
Caio undilinea (Schaus, 1921)
Caio witti Brechlin & Meister, 2010
References
Category:Arsenurinae | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
List of Ollywood films of 1953
This is a list of films produced by the Ollywood film industry based in Bhubaneshwar and Cuttack in 1953:
A-Z
References
1953
Ollywood
Films, Ollywood
Category:1950s in Odisha | {
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Forest Hill railway station
Forest Hill railway station serves Forest Hill in the London Borough of Lewisham, south London. The station adjoins a road which serves as part of the A205 South Circular Road.
The station is managed by London Overground, with Overground and Southern trains serving the station. Thameslink services also pass through the station. It is down the line from , between and , in Travelcard Zone 3. There are four tracks through the station, although only the slow lines (the two outer tracks) have platforms.
There are two entrances, the main one being on platform 1 at the bottom of the South Circular Road, and a side entrance on platform 2 on Perry Vale. The ticket office is placed in the main entrance, although there are ticket machines outside both entrances.
History
The station was opened by the original London & Croydon Railway (L&CR) on 5 June 1839, as Dartmouth Arms (the name of the local inn).
The line was also used by the London and Brighton Railway from 1841 and the South Eastern Railway (SER) from 1842. In 1844, the station was chosen by the L&CR as the northern terminus for Phase 1 of an experimental atmospheric railway to West Croydon. A pumping station was also constructed at the station. The L&CR and the L&BR merged to form the London Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR) in July 1846; the following year "atmospheric" working was abandoned. In 1845 the station became Forest Hill for Lordship Lane.
The LB&SCR moved the Down platform during the early 1850s when the line was quadrupled, and extended the island platform around 1864.
The LB&SCR station buildings were destroyed by bombing during World War II and have been replaced by a more modern system-built structure. The short narrow island platform serving the fast lines was demolished in the early 1960s.
Services
Forest Hill is served by 12 trains in each direction off peak, with additional Southern services at peak hours. Southern operates 4 to 8 car trains throughout the day, with 10 carriage trains at peak hours.
Off-peak frequencies are:
Proposals
In a rail meeting in Sydenham, Southern said Thameslink trains may stop here after the Thameslink Programme is completed in 2018.
Connections
London Buses routes 122, 176, 185, 197 and 356 serve the station.
References
External links
Category:Railway stations in the London Borough of Lewisham
Category:Former London, Brighton and South Coast Railway stations
Category:Railway stations opened in 1839
Category:Railway stations served by London Overground
Category:Railway stations served by Southern | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Alex Okafor
Alex Okafor (born February 8, 1991) is an American football defensive end for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Arizona Cardinals in the fourth round of the 2013 NFL Draft. He played college football at Texas, where he earned All-American honors as a junior.
Early years
Okafor was born in Dallas, Texas. He attended Pflugerville High School in Pflugerville, Texas, and played for the Pflugerville Panthers high school football team. He also played soccer and basketball and was a stand out in both. Following his senior season, USA Today recognized him as a high school All-American in 2008.
College career
Okafor attended the University of Texas at Austin, where he played for coach Mack Brown's Texas Longhorns football team from 2009 to 2012. He finished his 2011 junior season with 46 tackles and seven quarterback sacks, and was named a first-team All-American as a defensive end by the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA). He was also a first-team All-Big 12 selection in 2011 and again in 2012.
Okafor was named to the Bronko Nagurski Trophy, Bednarik Award, Lombardi Award, and CFPA Defensive Lineman Trophy watch lists to
start the 2012 season.
Professional career
Okafor was ranked as one of the middle tier pass rushers in the 2013 NFL Draft. He was projected as either a defensive end or linebacker in the NFL.
Arizona Cardinals
Okafor was drafted by the Arizona Cardinals in the fourth round, with the 103rd overall pick in the 2013 NFL Draft. He played in his first game in 2013, recording a special teams tackle before a bicep injury ended his season.
Okafor recorded his first two career sacks in Week 6 of 2014 against the Washington Redskins on quarterback Kirk Cousins. He had his first interception in Week 14 on Kansas City Chiefs' quarterback Alex Smith. He ended the season playing in 13 games with 12 starts, recording 30 tackles, 8 sacks, three passes defensed and one interception. During his time in Arizona, he played in 39 games (25 starts), tallying 74 tackles (63 solo), 13.5 sacks, 30 quarterback hits, 18 tackles for loss, four passes defended, one interception (returned for 26 yards), one forced fumble and two fumble recovery.
New Orleans Saints
On March 14, 2017, Okafor signed with the New Orleans Saints. He started the first 10 games of the season, recording a career-high 43 tackles, 4.5 sacks and four passes defended. He suffered a torn Achilles in the team's Week 11 win over the Redskins and was ruled out for the rest of the season.
On March 16, 2018, Okafor re-signed with the Saints on a two-year contract. He started all 16 games in 2018, recording 36 tackles and four sacks.
On February 14, 2019, the Saints voided the final year of Okafor's contract, making him a free agent at the start of the new league year.
Kansas City Chiefs
On March 14, 2019, Okafor signed a three-year, $18 million contract with the Kansas City Chiefs.
In week 7 against the Denver Broncos, Okafor sacked Joe Flacco twice in the 30-6 win. He played in 10 games before suffering a torn pec in Week 15. He was placed on injured reserve on December 16, 2019. He finished the season with 22 tackles and five sacks. During his absence, the Chiefs went on to win Super Bowl LIV, their first championship in 50 years.
Personal life
Okafor traveled to Kenya during the 2016 offseason with former Texas and Saints teammate Kenny Vaccaro and is involved in community and fundraising efforts to construct a school in the region.
Legal issues
On March 9, 2015, Okafor was arrested for evading arrest on foot and for a misdemeanor warrant for jaywalking in Austin, Texas. The Austin Police Department responded to a disturbance at 1:51AM in Austin's downtown entertainment district after he was running through an intersection and knocked over a pedestrian on the way to a bar. Police responded and after discovering the warrant, Okafor then ran on foot and was finally caught, taken down by three officers, and arrested.
References
External links
University of Texas Longhorns bio
Arizona Cardinals bio
New Orleans Saints bio
Category:1991 births
Category:Living people
Category:American football defensive ends
Category:American football defensive tackles
Category:American football linebackers
Category:American people of Igbo descent
Category:American people of Nigerian descent
Category:Arizona Cardinals players
Category:Igbo sportspeople
Category:Kansas City Chiefs players
Category:New Orleans Saints players
Category:People from Pflugerville, Texas
Category:Players of American football from Texas
Category:Texas Longhorns football players
Category:Super Bowl champions | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Ruth White (fencer)
Ruth White (born July 16, 1951) is an American doctor and retired fencer.
Life and career
White was born on July 16, 1951 in Baltimore, Maryland where she faced racial discrimination at school for being African-American.
In 1969, White became the first African-American to win a US fencing championship. She also competed at the 1971 Pan American Games where she won a gold medal in the team foil event and silver medal in the individual foil event.
She was the first African-American women to represent the US in fencing at the Olympics. She competed in the women's individual and team foil events at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
Soon after she competed at the Olympics, White left fencing to go into medicine at the New York University School of Medicine and went on to work in internal medicine.
White was inducted into NYU's Hall of Fame in 1989 and into the USA Fencing Hall of Fame in 2001.
References
Category:1951 births
Category:Living people
Category:American female fencers
Category:American internists
Category:20th-century American physicians
Category:African-American physicians
Category:Olympic fencers of the United States
Category:Fencers at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Category:Sportspeople from Baltimore
Category:Physicians from Baltimore
Category:Pan American Games medalists in fencing
Category:Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States
Category:Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
Category:Fencers at the 1971 Pan American Games
Category:New York University School of Medicine alumni | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Kuroshiodaphne supracancellata
Kuroshiodaphne supracancellata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Raphitomidae.
Description
The length of the shell attains 23.5 mm, its diameter 6 mm.
The strong shell is elongately-fusiform, with long, slender spire and a short siphonal canal. It is yellowish-grey. The shell contains 11 whorls, of which about 3 form a convexly-whorled protoconch, with the common criss-cross lines. The subsequent whorls are slightly convex, separated by a linear, indistinct suture, bordered by a narrow excavation. The sculpture consists of rounded ribs, on a little more than 4 following whorls, disappearing on lower whorls. They are all crossed by spiral lirae, 9 in number on penultimate whorl, of which one borders the suture, another the excavation, about 30 on the body whorl and the siphonal canal, besides a few intermediate ones on this body whorl, scarcely appreciable on the upper ones. These lirae produce a cancellation on the upper 4 post-nuclear whorls (hence the name); moreover there are numerous finer spiral lines between the principal ones, making the whole shell spirally striated, crossed by more or less conspicuous growth-striae, strongly incised at intervals, closer on last part of the body whorl, making the principal lirae nearly beaded. The aperture is oblong, narrow above, at the rather deep sinus and below al the siphonal canal;. The peristome is rather strong, much contracted at the limit of the siphonal canal, interiorly with short grooves, corresponding
to the lirae and subdenticulate in the interstices of these grooves. The columellar margin is slightly concave above, then nearly straight, with a thin layer of enamel, which is faintly multiplicate. The interior of the aperture is smooth, bluish white. The peristome is bordered by a greyish zone.
Distribution
This marine species occurs off Indonesia
References
External links
Gastropods.com: Kuroshiodaphne supracancellata
Li B.-Q. [Baoquan & Li X.-Z. [Xinzheng] (2014) Report on the Raphitomidae Bellardi, 1875 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Conoidea) from the China Seas. Journal of Natural History 48(17-18): 999-1025]
supracancellata
Category:Gastropods described in 1913 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Mariaville Lake, New York
Mariaville Lake is a census-designated place (CDP) in Schenectady County, New York, United States. The population was 722 at the 2010 census.
The census-designated place is in the town of Duanesburg and is named after a small lake in the east part of the town.
Geography
Mariaville Lake is located at (42.828640, -74.123331).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which is land and , or 5.82%, is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 710 people, 258 households, and 188 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 125.6 per square mile (48.5/km²). There were 341 housing units at an average density of 60.3/sq mi (23.3/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 99.01% White, 0.14% African American, 0.42% Asian, 0.28% from other races, and 0.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.99% of the population.
There were 258 households out of which 38.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.5% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.1% were non-families. 22.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.23.
In the CDP, the population was spread out with 29.4% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 25.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.2 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $48,269, and the median income for a family was $57,083. Males had a median income of $41,216 versus $22,269 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,618. None of the population or families were below the poverty line.
References
Category:Census-designated places in New York (state)
Category:Census-designated places in Schenectady County, New York | {
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Rutan Grizzly
The Rutan Model 72 Grizzly is a tandem-wing STOL research aircraft designed by Burt Rutan, now preserved at the EAA AirVenture Museum, Oshkosh. The aircraft exhibited excellent Short Take-Off and Landing (STOL) capabilities, proving that this is also possible with a Rutan-typical canard design.
Design and development
This composite-construction aircraft features three lifting surfaces: A front wing with approximately half the span of the main wing and a classical cruciform empennage. Front and main wings are connected by a pair of struts with square cross-section which also serve as fuel tanks. Both wings carry Fowler flaps on part of their span for STOL. The fixed tail-wheel undercarriage has four low-pressure, small-diameter main-wheels, on two cantilever spring struts, with a spring mounted tail-wheel assembly. The four-seat cabin is completely enclosed with a combination of flat, squared and outward-bulged tear-drop shaped windows.
The Grizzly is intended for use as a bush plane with unique safety and comfort, the four-seater could be used by two persons as a camper for back-country activities with its seats folded to become a long bed. A planned amphibian version of the Grizzly was never realized. Use as a bush plane may conflict with the Grizzly's low wings and Fowler flaps which might interfere with vegetation or obstacles.
Operational history
The career of the Grizzly contains several “firsts”:
first use of computational methods at Rutan Aircraft Factory for airfoil and wing-system design
first use of a Fowler-type flap system on the canard surface of a tandem wing aircraft
first practical Three-surface aircraft that paved the way for the later Grumman X-29 or Piaggio Avanti
an exceptionally long first flight on 22 January 1982 (2.6 hours) exploring a vast area of operability
first experimental airplane to tow another experimental airplane (the Solitaire) on June 23, 1982
After completion of testing the Grizzly was donated to the EAA AirVenture Museum, Oshkosh in 1997.
Specifications
References
External links
website on the Grizzly
photo report
Aerofiles Grizzly information
Grizzly
Category:Canard aircraft
Category:Three-surface aircraft | {
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Cayuga Community College
Cayuga Community College, formerly Cayuga County Community College, is a two-year SUNY college in Cayuga County, New York. The college began in 1953 as Auburn Community College. Its main campus is in Auburn, New York. The college also serves Oswego County with its branch campus in Fulton, New York.
The college offers associate degrees and now hosts the University Center, which offers B.A. and B.S. degrees from a number of colleges, on the grounds of CCC. Amongst these are two bachelor's degrees offered by Cazenovia College. One is a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in Liberal Studies with a Human Services Career Concentration, and the other is a Bachelor of Professional Studies (B.P.S.) in Management with a Health Care Management Specialization. The addition of four year degrees is designed for students with busy lives and schedules, since the upper division classes are held at night and on the weekend.
There are 3,775 full-time and part-time students. Degree programs include liberal arts for transfer preparation, computer science, criminal justice, broadcasting, art, nursing, geographic information systems, and education.
History
The State University of New York (SUNY) Board of Trustees approved the establishment of its first community college on April 9, 1953. Classes began the following year in September at Auburn Community College in the former James Street Elementary School with sixty-nine students. One year later, Cayuga County assumed sponsorship for the college and it changed its name to Cayuga County Community College.
Six year after opening, the college moved to its current location to accommodate rising enrollment. The original classroom building remains the main building on campus with other buildings added at later dates: the library (1964), the technology building (1970), the bookstore (1971), Spartan Hall (1980), and the nature center (1983). Later expansions included the opening of the Fulton Campus in 1994. In 2003, the college also opened the Regional Economic Center which housed classrooms for Cayuga students, the offices of several agencies providing employment services to area residents, the new home of the college's NASA-sponsored Institute for the Application of Geospatial Technology, and the college’s Business and Industry Center, a workforce training complex.
Daniel Paul Larson, D.M.A, joined Cayuga as its seventh president in 2007. Six years into his term, in 2013, the college experienced public turmoil when three of the four unions at the college voted no confidence in his leadership. In October of that year, he tendered his resignation, which was accepted by the board effective November 4. Shortly thereafter, the college also declared financial exigency.
Dr. Gregory T. DeCinque joined Cayuga Community College as Interim President in December, 2013. Dr. Brian M. Durant joined Cayuga Community College as President in August, 2015.
Campus
Auburn
Cayuga Community College is in the Cayuga-Oswego County region. Cayuga consists of a main campus in Auburn, and a second in Fulton. The Auburn Campus has a main structure that consists of 5 main sections referred to as "buildings". Those sections of the campus when facing the campus are from right to left: Spartan Hall, the Main Building, the Regional Economic Center, the Library Building, and the Tech Building.
Cayuga Community College degree programs include health sciences such as Occupational Therapy Assistant programs, media production, art, accounting, education, criminal justice, geographic information systems, and liberal arts.
Fulton
Located in Fulton NY in Oswego county, Cayuga opened an extension site in the city of Fulton in January 1994. The "campus" briefly consisted of two rented classrooms in the basement of the Fulton Education Center, until later in the year when classes and offices moved into the former Holy Family School building on West Third Street.
In the summer of 2001 the facility on Route 3 opened as Cayuga's Fulton Extension Center. It was expanded in 2004 with additional classroom and office space to meet a dramatic rise in enrollment. In 2006, New York State granted the facility branch campus status, and the "Fulton campus" designation became official.
On July 20, 2011 it was reported in the Syracuse Post Standard that Architectural plans are moving forward for a new Fulton campus. The college’s Board of Trustees looked over floor plans of the new Fulton campus to be built in the River Glen shopping center. Architect Karin Kilgore-Green said of space in the former P&C store in Fulton will be converted. A second floor with of space will be built over P&C site. The college bought the former P&C Foods building at River Glen Plaza for $950,000 and also is paying $495,000 for of adjoining land. College officials said the purchases were made because CCC needed more space and wanted to own its site.
The current facility on Route 481 opened in the summer of 2012 as Cayuga's Fulton campus. At the heart of the campus is the Learning Commons, housing an open computing lab with dozens of computer workstations, a Center for Academic Success, and the Disabilities Services offices. Also located within the Learning Commons is the library, providing continually expanding collections of print and nonprint resources for Fulton faculty and staff, instruction service, laptop computers, online access to all electronic resources, and daily delivery of items from the Auburn collections.
The Fulton campus also features 21 general classrooms, distance-learning and video conferencing facilities, five dedicated computer labs, two rooms that could be computer and class rooms, two art rooms, two science labs for biology and chemistry, two conference rooms with the capability for distance learning, library, health suite, offices and student support area with financial aid, bursar and admissions. The Fulton campus also houses business and industry training facilities, a full-service bookstore, and a student lounge.
Governance
The college is governed by a ten-member Board of Trustees. The Governor appoints four trustees for seven-year terms, five are appointed by the Cayuga County Legislature for seven-year terms, and a student trustee is elected annually and serves for one year. Dr. Gregory T. DeCinque became Cayuga's interim president in 2013.
Publications
The student newspaper is the Cayuga Collegian. The Auburn/Cayuga Community College Alumni Association publishes the ACC/CCC alumni newsletter every semester.
See also
Cayuga Community College Office of Public Safety
WDWN (89.1 FM)
References
External links
Cayuga County Community College
WDWN-FM Cayuga's radio station
Category:Two-year colleges in the United States
Category:SUNY community colleges
Category:Educational institutions established in 1953
Category:Education in Cayuga County, New York
Category:1953 establishments in New York (state)
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Haute-Garonne's 5th constituency
The 5th constituency of Haute-Garonne is a French legislative constituency in the Haute-Garonne département.
Deputies
Election Results
2017
2012
References
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T. Semmes Walmsley
Thomas Semmes Walmsley (June 10, 1889 – June 19, 1942) was the mayor of New Orleans, Louisiana from July 1929 to June 1936. He is best known for his intense rivalry, reconciliation, and then resumption of hostilities with Governor Huey Pierce Long, Jr.
Early life and career
Walmsley was born to a prominent family in Uptown New Orleans. He was the son of wealthy cotton factor Sylvester Pierce Walmsley and his wife, the former Myra E. Semmes. He attended Spring Hill College in Mobile, Alabama, and then Tulane University in New Orleans, where he was a student athlete. In 1912, he graduated from Tulane University Law School. After graduation, he became a lawyer for a New Orleans firm. On April 15, 1914, he wed the former Julia Havard of New Orleans, and the couple had one daughter, Augusta, later Mrs. Frederick J. King. He served in World War I as a major in the United States Army Air Corps, forerunner of the Air Force.
From 1919 to 1924, Walmsley served as an assistant attorney general of Louisiana. In 1925, he was appointed city attorney by Mayor Martin Behrman of New Orleans, and he became a prominent figure in Behrman's Regular Democratic Organization political machine. The Old Regulars helped him to be elected as commissioner of public finance, a post which he held from 1926 to 1929. In July 1929, Walmsley was appointed acting mayor of New Orleans to fill in for Behrman's successor, Arthur J. O'Keefe, who resigned because of illness.
Walmsley as mayor
A member of the New Orleans's exclusive Boston Club, Walmsley moved in the highest social circles of the city. The conservative patrician mayor set a pro-business tone for his administration when as one of his first acts as mayor he confronted a militant strike by municipal streetcar workers. In one memorable scene he confronted an angry crowd of striking workers who had come to the city council chambers to protest the banning of improvised 'jitney' transportation. He based his election campaign in April 1930 on his response to the strike and on his credentials in restoring 'law and order,' and beat opponent Francis Williams by a comfortable margin, winning 14 of 17 wards. Continuing in this vein, Walmsley later passed an ordinance banning the spread of "anarchistic, communistic, or radical doctrines" in New Orleans. He also fired almost two thousand black city employees by enforcing a Jim Crow law banning the employment of non-voters.
Walmsley's term as mayor continued an alliance between the city's social and economic elite and the city's most powerful political machine. Owing his political success to his membership in the Old Regular machine's Choctaw Club, Walmsley benefited from their ability to turn out votes and dispense patronage.
In 1933, Walmsley was elected president of the National Conference of Mayors.
Among the accomplishments of his administration were improvements in street paving and drainage, construction of the Municipal Auditorium, completion of a new Criminal Courts Building and the extension of New Orleans City Park towards the Lakefront.
Walmsley and Huey Long
Huey Long's election as governor in 1928 had brought a new force to Louisiana's political scene and threatened the hold of the Old Regulars on New Orleans. At first, Long had reached out to the Old Regulars by offering an alliance, but the Old Regulars participated in an attempt to impeach Long in 1929. Though initially reluctant, Walmsley accepted an alliance with Long after the Old Regulars' uncharacteristically weak showing in the 1930 U.S. Senate race which had sent Long to Washington, D.C., after Long unseated Joseph E. Ransdell in the primary election.
Walmsley claimed:
an obligation I owe to my people and the people of this state to join hands with Governor Long and bury our political tomahawk so that the city and state can forge ahead. ... The governor worked hard to develop a program we could all unite on; he was the victor, and he showed himself more generous. ... When the roads and bridges he is planning are completed, more of the city people will be going to the country, and more people will be coming to the city. ... Let us therefore forget all bickerings and let the capitalists and the laboring interests ... join hands as we have joined hands.
In return for the political support of the New Orleans machine, Long promised a bridge over the Mississippi River, a Lakefront Airport, and money for infrastructure improvements. The alliance brought overwhelming Old Regular support for Long's chosen successor as governor, Oscar K. Allen, who won 70 percent of the New Orleans vote in the gubernatorial election of 1932.
The alliance continued until December 1933, when Walmsley and the Old Regulars formally severed the relationship in advance of Walmsley's mayoral reelection campaign of 1934. Angered by Walmsley's repudiation of the alliance, Long picked John Klorer, Sr., to oppose Walmsley in a vitriolic campaign, culminating in a political crisis that only narrowly averted armed conflict between Long's and Walmsley's factions. Walmsley won the election, but the campaign strengthened the mayor and the governor's disdain for each other.
In response to attacks on Long by Walmsley's supporters in the state legislature in 1934, Long unleashed an unprecedented attack on Walmsley's power in New Orleans. Long proposed a series of bills cutting off state funding for the city and stripping municipal government of its traditional rights to issue licenses, assess property taxes, regulate public utilities, and control the police department. In response, Walmsley invoked the memory of the white supremacist White League's armed resistance to 'despotism' during Reconstruction in order to arouse New Orleanians to attend a rally against Long in Baton Rouge in the summer of 1934. Many attendees came armed and called for the lynching of the governor, but Walmsley belatedly toned down his rhetoric and asked for restraint.
After the rally, Long stepped up his assault on Walmsley by sending Louisiana National Guard troops to occupy the registrar of voters office across the street from New Orleans City Hall, setting up machine guns in the windows and declaring martial law. The confrontation escalated; Walmsley had 400 city police sent to City Hall, while Long increased his own troop strength to 3,000 and had them equipped with tear gas guns. The standoff climaxed during the congressional election of September 1934; but just as in the mayoral election in January 1934, the potential for armed conflict was averted by a last-minute truce in which both Long's National Guard and Walmsley's police agreed to stay off the streets on election day to prevent voter intimidation.
Long also initiated a wide-ranging corruption investigation of the Walmsley administration, staging lurid radio testimonials from witnesses. The legislative attacks continued through 1934 and 1935; Long had laws passed stripping the municipal government of its remaining powers by having the state set budget amounts for the city and forbidding the firing of any city employee without state approval. Without the ability to collect its own revenue, New Orleans was on the verge of bankruptcy by the summer of 1935. Long's assassination on September 8, 1935, did not end the state's discriminatory policies towards New Orleans. Dissatisfaction with this state of conflict with Long and caused Walmsley's own Old Regular ward leaders to ask the mayor to resign in the hope of ending the legislative siege. Walmsley continued to resist this pressure and remained in office despite the defection of nearly the entire Old Regular organization; the Old Regular-controlled city council stripped him of all remaining powers. Walmsley finally agreed to resign in June 1936; after several interim mayors, Walmsley would be succeeded by Robert Maestri, a Longite loyalist, and the municipal government would regain the powers stripped from it by the state legislature during the feud between Long and Walmsley.
After City Hall
Years after his resignation as mayor, Walmsley moved to Washington to become deputy director of the Office of Civilian Defense in 1941, under Fiorello La Guardia. In March 1942, Walmsley returned to active service with the Army Air Forces, but he died three months later on June 19, 1942, of a heart attack in San Antonio, Texas.
Sources
Boulard, Garry. Huey Long Invades New Orleans: The Siege of a City, 1934–36. Pelican, 1998.
Glenn R. Conrad, ed. A Dictionary of Louisiana Biography. Louisiana Historical Association, 1988
New Orleans Public Library, Louisiana Division. "Administration of T. Semmes Walmsley." http://nutrias.org/~nopl/info/louinfo/admins/walmsley.htm
External links
Category:1889 births
Category:1942 deaths
Category:Mayors of New Orleans
Category:Louisiana Democrats
Category:Tulane University alumni
Category:Tulane University Law School alumni
Category:Spring Hill College alumni
Category:Louisiana lawyers
Category:American military personnel of World War I
Category:United States Army officers
Category:20th-century American politicians
Category:Huey Long
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Tantalcarbide
Tantalcarbide is a rare mineral of tantalum carbide with formula TaC. With a molecular weight of 192.96 g/mol, its primary constituents are tantalum (93.78%) and carbon (6.22%), and has an isometric crystal system. It generally exhibits a bronze or brown to yellow color. On the Mohs hardness scale it registers as a 6-7. Tantalcarbide is generally found in a granular state. It is extremely dense at 14.6 g/. Sub-conchoidal fracturing is exhibited.
Specimens are extremely rare in nature. It is the only known mineral to exhibit the composition of TaC.
Tantalum carbide powder is used for many real world applications. Generally however it is not produced from the mineral tantalcarbide due to the rarity. Instead it is prepared by other means.
Natural occurrence
Tantalcarbide in its natural state is extremely rare. Most specimens have been found in the middle Urals or mines in Italy. The first documented specimen was discovered in the Nizhnetagilsky District in the Middle Urals, by P. Walther in 1909.
Other locations have been documented. Western Australia, and in Craveggia, Italy.
Etymology
The name tantalcarbide is quite clearly a mention to its primary constituents of tantalum and carbon. However it was originally thought to be native tantalum in 1909. It was renamed to tantalum carbide in 1926, then renamed to tantalcarbide in 1966.
Properties
Tantalcarbide is Hexoctahedral, with a space group of Fm3m. Its generally found as granular or tabular crystals. Quite often it is found mixed with other sands.
It has an extremely high melting point of around 3800 °C, although actually testing of this has not been documented. Tantalcarbide is isostructural with Nio bocarbide, and is coincidentally found in the same localities. Niobocarbide is composed of niobium and carbon.
Use and applications
Tantalcarbide is found in too small of quantities for it be used commercially. However tantalcarbide powders are used for tools, or cermet.
References
Category:Carbides
Category:Carbide minerals
Category:Native element minerals
Category:Refractory materials
Category:Superhard materials
Category:Tantalum compounds | {
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Vietnamia
Vietnamia is a genus of trilobites. A new species, V. yushanensis, was described from the late Ordovician of China by Dong-Chan Lee in 2012.
References
Category:Calymenidae
Category:Ordovician trilobites of Asia | {
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1982 John Player League
The 1982 John Player League was the fourteenth competing of what was generally known as the Sunday League. The competition was won for the first time by Sussex County Cricket Club.
Standings
Batting averages
Bowling averages
See also
Sunday League
References
John Player
Category:Pro40 | {
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1987 Andorran local elections
The 1987 Andorran local elections were held on 13 and 20 December. Voters elected the council members of the seven parishes of Andorra. Following the election, the communal councils elected the mayors and deputy mayors.
Electoral system
Candidates were elected using a two-round plurality-at-large voting system with open lists. As parties were not legalised until 1993, all the lists were officially labelled as independent, although media classified them as government endorsed (if the list was supported by the outgoing government) or opposition (if candidates were part of the opposition). After the elections, the parish councils elected the consol major (mayor) and the cònsol menor (deputy mayor), which normally were the top candidates of the winning list.
Candidates
Candidates by parish. The top candidates are listed for each list:
Canillo
Government endorsed: Xavier Escribà, Miquel Naudi
Encamp
Government endorsed: Josep Maria Mas
Opposition: Miquel Alís, Josep Dalleres
Ordino
Government endorsed: Pere Babi, Albert Pujal
Opposition: Julià Vila, Enric Dolsa
La Massana
Government endorsed: unknown
Opposition: unknown
Andorra la Vella
Government endorsed: Manuel Pons, Antoni Cerqueda
Opposition: Jaume Bartomeu, Joan Arajol
Sant Julià de Lòria
Government endorsed: Ricard Tor, Joan Santamaria
Opposition: Joan Travesset, Maria Rosa Fàbrega
Escaldes-Engordany
Government endorsed: Josep Maria Beal
Opposition: Ignasi Maestre
Results
Turnout was 81.6%, 3.9 pp higher than in the previous election. In Andorra la Vella and Escaldes-Engordany, turnout was around 90%. In Canillo, it was around 60%.
In all parishes (but Encamp) the government endorsed lists won the election. A second round was held in Encamp, as only 9 out of 10 seats were filled in the first round. An opposition councillor was finally elected in the second round. Results by parish:
References
1987
Category:1987 elections in Europe
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Edmund Pader
Edmund Pader (born 1913, date of death unknown) was an Austrian swimmer. He competed in three events at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
References
Category:1913 births
Category:Year of death missing
Category:Austrian male swimmers
Category:Olympic swimmers of Austria
Category:Swimmers at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Category:Place of birth missing | {
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Charlie McDonnell
Charles Joseph McDonnell (born 1 October 1990) is a British vlogger, musician, filmmaker, and author from Bath, Somerset. On 15 June 2011, his YouTube channel charlieissocoollike became the first in the UK to reach one million subscribers, and in May 2013, his channel reached two million subscribers. As a musician, McDonnell was a member of Doctor Who-themed rock band Chameleon Circuit and was also a member of the short-lived project Sons of Admirals until it was disbanded in May 2011. In 2010, McDonnell released a solo album titled This Is Me. McDonnell directed a series of short films from 2013 to 2014, and co-hosted the weekday morning YouTube breakfast show Cereal Time with Capital FM presenter and fellow YouTube vlogger Jimmy Hill from 2015 to 2016. In 2016, he published his first book, Fun Science. After transitioning from personal blog to the 'Fun Science' format, McDonnell stopped uploading new content on his YouTube channel and has removed all content from his website since December 2018.
Early and personal life
McDonnell was born and raised in Bath, Somerset to parents Lindsey and Mark. He has two younger siblings: his brother, William, and his sister, Bridie. He was educated at Beechen Cliff School, a state comprehensive foundation school in Bath. He identifies as an atheist. McDonnell used to live with fellow video blogger Alex Day, but later lived in his own apartment in London with his girlfriend. In June 2017, he moved to Canada (his girlfriend's homeland), where he currently resides.
In July 2012, McDonnell made a video announcing his relationship with then-girlfriend, fellow YouTuber, Bryarly Bishop. They broke up in June 2013. Charlie's current girlfriend is Emily Diana Ruth, a fellow YouTuber and filmmaker.
In March 2014, McDonnell announced on his blog that he has terminated his friendship and cohabitation with Alex Day, stating that "I just don’t feel able to call Alex a friend of mine anymore", following allegations that Alex sexually manipulated, emotionally abused, and cheated on past girlfriends.
YouTube
After setting up the YouTube channel, charlieissocoollike on 3 April 2007, McDonnell started posting video blogs (or vlogs) to a small audience. He first came to prominence when his video titled How To Get Featured on YouTube became popular after it was featured on YouTube's UK homepage. His audience jumped from just under 150 subscribers to over 4,000 in two days.
In January 2008, in celebration of gaining 25,000 subscribers, McDonnell asked for challenge suggestions from subscribers, and he is completing them in a series of 25 videos titled Challenge Charlie. He has completed all of these challenges , one of which was suggested by TV presenter, Phillip Schofield, and his daughter Molly, challenging McDonnell to perform the dance that accompanies the song, Hoedown Throwdown, made popular in the film Hannah Montana: The Movie. McDonnell has since posted a wide range of videos on the site including his most viewed My American Accent.
In 2008, McDonnell participated in a video-blog collaboration with four other YouTube personalities, titled FiveAwesomeGuys, a spin-off project of the FiveAwesomeGirls which featured hayleyghoover and italktosnakes and ran from 28 January to 31 December of that year. In May 2009, McDonnell created an alternate YouTube account, CharlieAtE3, which followed McDonnell when he traveled to E3 2009. In January 2010 McDonnell created another alternate YouTube channel, charlieissoboredlike, for the videos he makes when he has nothing better to do.
In June 2011, McDonnell became the first YouTuber in the United Kingdom to ever reach 1 million subscribers. McDonnell's videos currently end with an outro by Stephen Fry, now also inclusive with a quali-tea stamp. In May 2013, McDonnell hit two million subscribers.
On 8 March 2013, McDonnell announced that he would be making five short films, in preparation for the feature film that he is currently writing. In a video published on 27 October 2014, he announced his last two films would actually be one film, split into two parts. On 6 March 2019, McDonnell announced on Twitter he was quitting YouTube to pursue screenwriting instead.
Short films
Musical history
Chameleon Circuit
McDonnell is one of the founding members of Chameleon Circuit, a band known for creating music inspired by the British television series Doctor Who. Along with fellow vloggers Alex Day (Nerimon on YouTube), Liam Dryden (Littleradge), and former member Chris Beattie (CowInParachute), Chameleon Circuit released their self-titled debut album on 1 June 2009. In July 2010, their song Count the Shadows also appeared on DFTBA Records, Volume Two, a compilation sampler that was given for free in the grab bags at VidCon 2010. At the beginning of 2011, Chameleon Circuit, in their new line-up following the departure of Beattie and the addition of Ed Blann (Eddplant) and Michael Aranda, began work on their second album Still Got Legs. It was released on 12 July 2011.
As of 2014, Chameleon Circuit have been on an apparent indefinite hiatus, after both McDonnell and Dryden publicly denounced members Blann and Day, who have both suspended their online careers following separate reported incidents of sexual abuse. McDonnell, Dryden and Aranda appeared together at VidCon 2014 for photo signings.
Sons of Admirals
In 2010, McDonnell, along with three other YouTubers, Alex Day ("nerimon"), Ed Blann ("eddplant") and Tom Milsom ("Hexachordal") formed a new project titled "Sons of Admirals". Their first single was released via YouTube on 14 June 2010 on McDonnell's channel. The group covered Cat Stevens' song "Here Comes My Baby" featuring all four members on vocals. The track peaked at No. 61 in the UK. In October 2010 the band released an EP including "Here Comes My Baby"; an acoustic version of the same song; a cover of "Believe in Yourself", the theme of children's television show Arthur; the music video of "Here Comes My Baby"; and a behind-the-scenes video. The band has been known to perform a cover of "You're Not There", written by Ed Blann, and a cover of Radiohead's "Creep".
Sons of Admirals was not a band in the traditional sense. They were all solo artists, but as well as having their solo careers, they came together to form one group. The idea and name inspiration for this came from the Admiral's Men, which was a Shakespearean group of actors that came together to perform, while still retaining their individual careers.
Sons of Admirals disbanded in May 2011, publishing a statement on their website that "the core goal of the group – to get into the charts, and to increase exposure for the group members' individual talents proved to run against too many of our beliefs and approaches to music and promotion".
Solo career
A prominent feature of McDonnell's YouTube channel are the songs which he writes and performs himself, usually on a ukulele, but also featuring other instruments such as the guitar, melodica, and—in one song—a kazoo and a xylophone made of filled water glasses. The most popular of these is "Duet with Myself." On 1 December 2010, in response to many fan requests to do so, he released his debut album titled This is Me via DFTBA Records. The album features several songs from his channel that was remixed for the album, as well as several new, previously unreleased songs.
On 24 January 2012 McDonnell posted a video of him singing an original song Time To Reply on his YouTube channel, which received highly positive feedback.
In 2014, McDonnell's YouTube Channel, charlieissocoollike, was listed on New Media Rockstars Top 100 Channels, ranked at #63.
Music videos
"Here Comes My Baby" (2010)
"Forever Yours" (2011)
Alex Day (a.k.a. nerimon), has released a number of tracks on YouTube as music videos, such as the highly popular Forever Yours, which peaked at number 4 in the UK charts. The music videos for a number of these were directed by McDonnell, some even starring him or featuring him at some point in the video.
Charity and media work
On 30 September 2008, to celebrate his 18th birthday, McDonnell and Alex Day dyed and then shaved their hair off whilst live on BlogTV for a period of seven and a half hours in aid of Cancer Research UK. They managed to raise nearly £5000. The broadcast viewership peaked at 4,500. Another friend, Jazza John (known as rhymingwithoranges on YouTube) promised to shave his head if they hit £4000 and did so about a month later with help from Kristina Horner (known as italktosnakes and Monday on the YouTube collab-channel fiveawesomegirls).
In October 2009, McDonnell was named as one of a number of prominent YouTube users who would be participating in a project called RNLI Shout. The aim of the project is to raise money to purchase a lifeboat for the Royal National Lifeboat Institution.
On 4 September 2010, McDonnell and fellow YouTuber Myles Dyer co-presented Stickaid, a 24-hour live web show. Starting from 12:00 noon BST, the two hosted the fifth annual charity event from Middlesex University's Trent Park campus in London. Their goal was to raise £10,000 ($15,900), which they more than doubled. All the proceedings went to UNICEF.
The Science of Attraction
In November 2010, McDonnell was part of a group of YouTube videos called The Science of Attraction where he hosted a few experiments and had his body digitally swapped with somebody else's. He was a co-presenter with Kat Akingbade and Derren Brown. As part of the series, eight videos were produced.
Chartjackers
In the autumn of 2009, McDonnell featured with three other YouTube users on the BBC Switch documentary series Chartjackers. The programme documented their attempt to achieve a number one single in the UK Singles Chart within 10 weeks, by crowdsourcing resources provided by the online community. McDonnell was cast in the series for his familiarity to young British YouTube viewers and to act as a Pied Piper to the teen audience.
Over the course of Chartjackers, McDonnell solicited lyrics, music, performers and stylists to record the final single and video via a YouTube channel named ChartJackersProject. An unofficial charity single for Children in Need, the completed song was titled I've Got Nothing and was sung by vocalists Miranda Chartrand and Adam Nichols. McDonnell edited the single's official music video, which was shown nationwide on British music channels such as 4Music and Viva. I've Got Nothing was released exclusively through the iTunes Store at midnight on 9 November 2009 and reached No. 36 on the UK Singles Chart. Sales of the single raised a total of approximately £10,000 for Children in Need.
FirstTV
In July 2010 McDonnell was signed up alongside KateModern star Emma Pollard and X Factor contestants Nicola and Fran Gleadall to present a TV show run by Piers Morgan called FirstTV, an offshoot of First News newspaper. On First TV he did a few challenges like trying to break a Guinness world record by typing the alphabet on an iPad keyboard quickest and he got asked to tell a joke. However, after filming four episodes of FirstTV, McDonnell decided to leave the show because he did not enjoy presenting pre-scripted work.
Volume
In October 2013, it was announced that McDonnell was to play the main voice role along with BAFTA Award-winning Danny Wallace in Mike Bithell's indie video game Volume. The game was released in 2015 for PS4, PC game and Mac and in 2016 for PlayStation Vita.
This Is Abuse
In 2014, McDonnell worked with the Home Office on their This Is Abuse Campaign, alongside other prominent YouTubers, in order to educate people about the importance of consensual sex. He also made a video regarding consent on his YouTube channel. This campaign by the Home Office came following public discovery of allegiations of sexually abusive behavior committed by British YouTuber Alex Day (an ex-friend/collaborator of McDonnell).
Production companies
In June 2011, McDonnell founded Coollike Productions which would become his base for the production of short films and his YouTube channel, according to the online business website Duedil, McDonnell is the company's only director and in May 2013 the company was renamed as Qualitea Productions. It is based in Central London. Reports circulated that a high-level production company wanted to buy the company last year, however, these reports have since been quashed.
Press
McDonnell was interviewed on BBC News about his rise to internet stardom. He also participated in the Euro 2008 Zeitgeist Google conference, where he spoke about YouTube along with Mia Rose (miaarose) and Peter Oakley (geriatric1927). This was a conference to honour online users of popular websites. He featured as a guest on Robert Llewellyn's web series Carpool in the episode released on 15 May 2009. McDonnell has also made guest appearances on Lily Allen and Friends and The Gadget Show.
McDonnell was also interviewed for Outlook on the BBC World Service and for an article in The Guardian where he talks about the five years of YouTube and his life on the video website.
On 6 June 2010, McDonnell presented the YouTube Audience Award to The Inbetweeners as part of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts Television Awards. In mid-July 2010, McDonnell appeared on KTLA with Hank Green, known on YouTube as one of the Vlogbrothers, and iJustine to promote VidCon 2010, the first international conference for online video makers. That October he made a programme with James Max of LBC 97.3 about how to make money on the internet. In December 2010, McDonnell filmed a series of behind the scenes videos for Doctor Who Confidential during the filming of the Doctor Who Christmas special A Christmas Carol.
McDonnell was purportedly approached to be a Housemate on the eighth series, and first revived series of Celebrity Big Brother but declined the offer.
Astronomer Phil Plait wrote an article for Slate.com ("Charlie Talks Saturn," 8 December 2012) to rave about McDonnell's ongoing series of science videos, including "Fun Science: Saturn," on which Plait gave him some assistance. Plait found McDonnell to be a "science nerd" and a "really nice guy" who makes "engaging, silly and fun" videos that reach lots of young people who "need to find their own love of science."
A 13 February 2013, New York Times article, "Blogging with Video, Hoping to Go Viral," noted that McDonnell, described as "a musician and professed nerd with soulful eyes", has 1.8 million subscribers to [his] video blog or vlog.
References
External links
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Category:Living people
Category:British Internet celebrities
Category:Chartjackers
Category:DFTBA Records creators
Category:English atheists
Category:English expatriates in Canada
Category:English video bloggers
Category:English YouTubers
Category:English film directors
Category:People educated at Beechen Cliff School
Category:People from Bath, Somerset
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Farcet
Farcet is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England. Farcet lies approximately south of Peterborough City Centre, between Yaxley and the Peterborough suburb of Old Fletton. Farcet is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England.
The parish of Farcet was established in 1851, having previously been part of the parish of Stanground, its northern neighbour, when the vicarage of Stanground included the curacy of Farcet's village church.
Government
As a civil parish, Farcet has a parish council. The parish council is elected by the residents of the parish who have registered on the electoral roll; the parish council is the lowest tier of government in England. A parish council is responsible for providing and maintaining a variety of local services including allotments and a cemetery; grass cutting and tree planting within public open spaces such as a village green or playing fields . The parish council reviews all planning applications that might affect the parish and makes recommendations to Huntingdonshire District Council, which is the local planning authority for the parish. The parish council also represents the views of the parish on issues such as local transport, policing and the environment. The parish council raises its own tax to pay for these services, known as the parish precept, which is collected as part of the Council Tax. The parish council consists of nine councillors and has a parish clerk.
Farcet was in the historic and administrative county of Huntingdonshire until 1965. From 1965, the village was part of the new administrative county of Huntingdon and Peterborough. Then in 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972, Farcet became a part of the county of Cambridgeshire.
The second tier of local government is Huntingdonshire District Council which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire and has its headquarters in Huntingdon. Huntingdonshire District Council has 52 councillors representing 29 district wards. Huntingdonshire District Council collects the council tax, and provides services such as building regulations, local planning, environmental health, leisure and tourism. Farcet is a part of the district ward of Yaxley and Farcet and is represented on the district council by three councillors. District councillors serve for four-year terms following elections to Huntingdonshire District Council.
For Farcet the highest tier of local government is Cambridgeshire County Council which has administration buildings in Cambridge. The county council provides county-wide services such as major road infrastructure, fire and rescue, education, social services, libraries and heritage services. Cambridgeshire County Council consists of 69 councillors representing 60 electoral divisions. Farcet is part of the electoral division of Norman Cross and is represented on the county council by two councillors.
At Westminster Farcet is in the parliamentary constituency of North West Cambridgeshire, and elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Farcet is represented in the House of Commons by Shailesh Vara (Conservative). Shailesh Vara has represented the constituency since 2005. The previous member of parliament was Brian Mawhinney (Conservative) who represented the constituency between 1997 and 2005.
Demography
Population
In the period 1801 to 1901 the population of Farcet was recorded every ten years by the UK census. During this time the population was in the range of 363 (the lowest was in 1801) and 1165 (the highest was in 1901).
From 1901, a census was taken every ten years with the exception of 1941 (due to the Second World War).
All population census figures from report Historic Census figures Cambridgeshire to 2011 by Cambridgeshire Insight.
In 2011, the parish covered an area of and so the population density for Farcet in 2011 was 262.5 persons per square mile (101.4 per square kilometre).
Culture and community
Farcet has a working men's club called "The Village Club." The old River Nene flows through it and you can get to the Green Wheel cycling and walking network from it, on the end of St Mary's Street, near the working men's club.
Next to the village (though technically in Huntingdonshire) is Crown Lakes Country Park. The park has a well maintained walkway around several lakes as well as a dedicated area for the very rare Great Crested Newt, Britain's largest newt.
Religious sites
The church of St. Mary consists of a chancel, south chapel, nave, north aisle, south aisle, west tower and south porch. The walls are of ashlar and rubble with stone dressings, and the roofs are covered with stone slates and lead.
The church is not mentioned in the Domesday survey of 1086, but in the 12th century there was a chancel and an aisleless nave to which a west tower was added in the later years of that century. In the middle of the next century the chancel was rebuilt and a south chapel added. About 1275 the south aisle was added and was continued to the western wall of the tower, possibly with the intention of pulling down the tower and correspondingly lengthen the nave. The south porch was built in the 14th century.
The church was restored in 1852 when the chancel and chapel are said to have been rebuilt, the nave roof renewed and the north aisle added. The tower was restored in 1894-7.
In 2016, the church went through more renovation works because it was not coping in winter weather
Notable People
Lieutenant Walter Henry Goodale (RAF) was born in Farcet in 1894, before moving with his family to Peakirk, Goodale was later killed in action when the DH9 airplane he was piloting was shot down over the Western Front in World War 1
Farcet was home to the astronomer George Alcock MBE, one of the most successful visual discoverers of novas and comets, the October 1959 episode of the BBC's The Sky at Night was filmed in his back garden in the village.
References
External links
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Bolivian National Congress, 1942–44
The Bolivian National Congress 1942–1944 was elected in March 1942.
Chamber of Senators
Chamber of Deputies
PL – Liberal Party
MNR – Revolutionary Nationalist Movement
PIR – Revolutionary Left Party
PSOB – Socialist Workers' Party of Bolivia
PSU – United Socialist Party
POT – Workers' Party of Tarija
PRS – Socialist Republican Party
PRG – Genuine Republican Party
FSB – Bolivian Socialist Falange.
ind – independents
Notes
Category:Political history of Bolivia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Thalassodromeus
Thalassodromeus is a genus of pterosaur that lived in what is now Brazil during the Early Cretaceous period, about 100 million years ago. Thalassodromeus had one of the largest known skulls among pterosaurs, around long, with one of the proportionally largest cranial crests of any vertebrate. Though only the skull is known, the animal is estimated to have had a wing span of . The crest was lightly built and ran from the tip of the upper jaw to beyond the back of the skull, ending in a unique V-shaped notch. The jaws were toothless, and had sharp upper and lower edges. Its skull had large nasoantorbital fenestrae (opening that combined the antorbital fenestra in front of the eye with the bony nostril), and part of its palate was concave. The lower jaw was blade-like, and may have turned slightly upwards.
The original skull, discovered in 1983 in the Araripe Basin of northeastern Brazil, was collected in several pieces. In 2002, the skull was made the holotype specimen of Thalassodromeus sethi by palaeontologists Alexander Kellner and Diogenes de Almeida Campos. The generic name means "sea runner" (in reference to its supposed mode of feeding), and the specific name refers to the Egyptian god Seth due to its crest being supposedly reminiscent of Seth's crown. Other scholars have pointed out that the crest was instead similar to the crown of Amon, and Seth did not wear such a crown. A jaw tip was assigned to T. sethi in 2005, moved to the new genus Banguela in 2014, and assigned back to Thalassodromeus as the species T. oberlii in 2018. Another species (T. sebesensis) was named in 2015 based on a supposed crest fragment, but this was later shown to be part of a turtle shell. The closest relative of Thalassodromeus was Tupuxuara; both are grouped in a clade that has been placed within either Tapejaridae (as the subfamily Thalassodrominae) or within Neoazhdarchia (as the family Thalassodromidae).
Several theories have been suggested to explain the function of Thalassodromeus'''s crest, including thermoregulation and display, but it likely had more than one function. The crests of thalassodromids appear to have developed late in growth (probably correlated with sexual maturity) and they may have been sexually dimorphic (differing according to sex). As the genus name implies, Thalassodromeus was originally proposed to have fed like a modern skimmer bird, by skimming over the water's surface and dipping its lower jaws to catch prey. This idea was later criticised for lack of evidence; Thalassodromeus has since been found to have had strong jaw musculature, and may have been able to kill and eat relatively large prey on the ground. The limb proportions of related species indicate that it may have adapted to fly in inland settings, and would have been efficient at moving on the ground. Thalassodromeus is known from the Romualdo Formation, where it coexisted with many other types of pterosaurs, dinosaurs and other animals.
Description
The holotype (and only known skull) of Thalassodromeus sethi is one of the largest pterosaur skulls ever discovered. The entire skull is estimated to have been long; the bones were fused together, indicating adulthood. Based on related pterosaurs, its wing-span was , making Thalassodromeus the largest known member of its clade, Thalassodromidae. Of similar proportions, its skull was more heavily built than that of its relative Tupuxuara. Although the postcranial skeleton of Thalassodromeus is unknown, relatives had unusually short and blocky neck vertebrae, with well-developed front and hind-limbs that were almost equal in length (excluding the long wing-finger). The hindlimbs were 80 percent that of the forelimb length, a unique ratio among pterodactyloids (short-tailed pterosaurs). As a pterosaur (extinct order of flying reptiles), Thalassodromeus was covered with hair-like pycnofibres and had extensive wing membranes (which were extended by the wing finger).
The skull of T. sethi had a streamlined profile, especially from the tip of the snout to the front edge of the nasoantorbital fenestra (opening which combined the antorbital fenestra in front of the eye with the bony nostril). The most conspicuous feature of the skull was the large crest, which ran along the upper edge from the tip of the snout and beyond the occiput at the back of the skull, almost doubling the length and height of the skull. With the exception of the pterosaur Tupandactylus imperator (whose crest consisted mainly of soft tissue), T. sethi had the proportionally largest cranial crest of any known vertebrate (75 percent of the skull's side surface). The crest was mainly formed by the premaxillae (the frontmost snout bones), frontal bones, parietal bones, and part of the supraoccipital bone. The premaxillae formed most of the crest, extending to its back, and contacted the frontoparietal part of the crest by a straight suture (a distinct feature of this species). The crest varied from in thickness; it thickened at the contact between the premaxillae and the frontoparietal part, and became gradually thinner toward the top and back (except for the lower part behind the occiput, where it had a thick base).
Despite its size, the crest was lightly built and essentially hollow; some areas indicate signs of skeletal pneumatisation and a well-developed trabecular system uniting the bones. The crest's surface had a system of channels of varying size and thickness, probably the impressions of extensive blood vessels. A small, opening was present above the orbit (eye socket), piercing the basal part of the crest; such a feature is unknown in other pterosaurs, and does not appear to be due to damage. The margins of the opening are smooth, and the inner border has fenestration connecting it to the inner structure of the crest. The back of the crest ended in a prominent V-shaped notch, a unique feature of this species. Although other parts of the crest have V-shaped breaks, the V shape at the end does not appear to have been due to breakage; the margins of the bone can be seen there, still encased by matrix. The crest probably had a keratinous (horny) covering and may have been extended by soft tissue in some areas, but the extent of this is unknown.
The upper jaw of T. sethi was primarily composed of premaxillae and maxillae; the suture which formed the border between these bones is not visible. As in all members of its clade, the jaws were edentulous (toothless). The rostrum (snout) was long from the tip of the premaxilla to the joint where the quadrate bone of the skull connected with the articular bone of the lower jaw. The front of the premaxillae had sharp upper and lower edges, unique to this species. As in related genera, the nasoantorbital fenestra was comparatively large; it was long and high, which was 71 percent of the skull length (excluding the crest). The lacrimal bone, which separated the orbit from the nasoantorbital fenestra, was vertically elongated and higher than the upper surface of the orbit (in contrast to the condition seen in pterodactyloids with smaller nasoantorbital fenestrae). The orbit was slender and compressed from front to back compared to Tupuxuara and tapejarids, but similar to some of them in being more than half the height of the nasoantorbital fenestra. The orbit was positioned lower than the upper margin of the nasoantorbital fenestra, and therefore very low on the skull. Although the bones bordering the lower temporal fenestra (an opening behind the orbit) were incomplete, it appears to have been elongated and slit-like (as in Tupuxuara and Tapejara).
The palatal area at the tip of T. sethi's snout was a sharp ridge, similar to the keel seen on the upper surface of the mandibular symphysis where the two halves of the lower jaw connected. Small slit-like foramina (openings) on the lower side edges of the ridge indicate that it had a horny covering in life, similar to Tupandactylus. The lower edge of the area was somewhat curved, which probably created a small gap when the jaws were closed. Further back, immediately in front of the nasoantorbital fenestra, the palatal ridge became a strong, blunt, convex keel. This convexity fit into the symphyseal shelf at the front end of the lower jaw, and they would have tightly interlocked when the jaws were closed. The palatal ridge ended in a strongly concave area unique to this species. The postpalatine fenestrae (openings behind the palatine bone) were oval and very small, differing from those of related species. The ectopterygoid (bone on the side of the palate) had large, plate-like sides, and was well-developed compared to related species. The supraoccipital bone, which formed the hindmost base of the cranial crest, had muscle scars at its upper end (probably corresponding to the attachment of neck muscles).
Although the lower jaw of T. sethi is incomplete, its total length is estimated at – 47 percent of which was occupied by the mandibular symphysis. The tip of the mandible is missing, but its front surface indicates that it might have been turned slightly upwards as in T. oberlii (the possible second species of Thalassodromeus, or possibly a different genus – Banguela – which is only known from a jaw tip). The symphyseal shelf, the upper surface of the symphysis, extended for and had a flat surface. Seen from above, the side edges of this area were tall and formed a sharp margin. Near the front end of the symphysis, the edges which formed the margins became broader towards the front of the shelf until they met and fused. The upper and lower surfaces of the jaw at the front of the shelf were keeled (the upper keel more robust and starting before the lower), which gave the symphysis a blade-like shape. The lower keel became deeper towards the front of the jaw, giving the impression that the jaw deflected downwards; it was actually straight, except for the (perhaps) upturned tip. The mandibular fossae (depressions) at the back of the upper jaw were deeper and broader than usual in pterodactyloids, creating large surfaces for the lower jaw to articulate with. The possible species T. oberlii differed from T. sethi and other relatives by the upper surface of its mandibular symphysis being slightly shorter than the lower surface, and was further distinguished from T. sethi by the upper edge of the symphysis being much sharper than the lower. The two species shared features such as the compression of the symphysis sideways and from top to bottom, the sharp keel at the upper front of the symphysis, and the small groove running along the upper surface of the shelf.
History of discovery
The first known Thalassodromeus specimen was collected in 1983 near the town of Santana do Cariri in the Araripe Basin of northeastern Brazil. Found in outcrops of the Romualdo Formation, it was collected over a long period of time in several pieces. The specimen (catalogued as DGM 1476-R at the Museu de Ciências da Terra) was preserved in a calcareous nodule, and consists of an almost-complete, three-dimensional skull (pterosaur bones are often flattened compression fossils), missing two segments of the bottom of the skull and mandible and the front of the lower jaw. The left jugal region and right mandibular ramus (half of the mandible) are pushed slightly inward. The skull was first reported in a 1984 Italian book, and preliminarily described and figured in 1990 by palaeontologists Alexander W. A. Kellner and Diogenes de Almeida Campos. Although the pieces of skull had been divided between museums in South and North America, they were assembled before 2002.
In 2002, Kellner and Campos described and named the new genus and species Thalassodromeus sethi, skull DGM 1476-R being the holotype specimen. The generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek words θάλασσα (thálassa, "sea") and δρομεύς (dromeús, "runner"), meaning "sea runner" in reference to the animal's supposed skim-feeding behaviour. The specific name refers to the ancient Egyptian god Seth. The specimen was not fully prepared at the time of this preliminary description. The original describers chose the name sethi because the crest of the pterosaur was supposedly reminiscent of the crown worn by Seth; however, the palaeontologists André Jacques Veldmeijer, Marco Signore, and Hanneke J. M. Meijer pointed out in 2005 that the crown (with its two tall plumes) was typically worn by the god Amon (or Amon-Ra) and his manifestations – not by Seth.
In 2006, palaeontologists David M. Martill and Darren Naish suggested that Thalassodromeus was a junior synonym of the related genus Tupuxuara, which was named by Kellner and Campos in 1988 based on fossils from the same formation. In the view of Martill and Naish, the differences between these genera (including two species of Tupuxuara, T. longicristatus and T. leonardii) were due to ontogeny (changes during growth) and compression of the fossils; Thalassodromeus was simply an older, larger, and better-preserved individual. This idea was rejected by Kellner and Campos in 2007, who pointed out these species had differences in features other than their crests. They also noted that one specimen of Tupuxuara had a larger skull than Thalassodromeus (measured from the tip of the premaxilla to the back of the squamosal bone), despite Martill and Naish's contention that the latter was an older individual. Kellner and Campos' view has since been accepted by other researchers, including Martill and Naish.
Veldmeijer and colleagues assigned the front part of a mandible collected from the same formation to T. sethi in 2005. They concluded that although the two specimens differed in several details, the differences were not significant enough to base a new species on the mandible, and that the new specimen filled in the gap of Kellner and Campos' T. sethi skull reconstruction. Palaeontologists Jaime A. Headden and Herbert B. N. Campos coined the new binomial Banguela oberlii, based on their reinterpretation of the jaw tip as belonging to a toothless member of the family Dsungaripteridae, in 2014. The generic name is Portuguese for "toothless" and the specific name honours private collector Urs Oberli, who had donated the specimen to the Naturmuseum St. Gallen (where it is catalogued as NMSG SAO 25109). Headden and Campos interpreted the tip of T. sethi lower jaw as downturned; this and other features distinguished it from Banguela. In their 2018 re-description of the further-prepared T. sethi holotype skull, palaeontologists Rodrigo V. Pêgas, Fabiana R. Costa, and Kellner assigned B. oberlii back to Thalassodromeus while recognising it as a distinct species, and thereby created the new combination T. oberlii. Pêgas and colleagues also rejected the theory that the lower jaw of T. sethi was downturned, and reinterpreted the frontmost piece of the lower jaw to have connected directly with the subsequent piece (with no gap).
In 2015 palaeontologists Gerald Grellet Tinner and Vlad A. Codrea named a new species, T. sebesensis, based on what they interpreted as part of a cranial crest in a concretion found near the Sebeș River in Romania. The authors said that this would extend the range in time and space for the genus Thalassodromeus considerably, creating a 42-million-year gap between the older South American species and the younger European species. Palaeontologist Gareth J. Dyke and a large team of colleagues immediately rejected the pterosaurian identification of the T. sebesensis fossil, instead arguing that it was a misidentified part of a plastron (lower shell) of the prehistoric turtle Kallokibotion bajazidi (named in 1923). The idea that the fragment belonged to a turtle had been considered and rejected by Grellet-Tinnera and Codrea in their original description. Grellet-Tinnera and Codrea denied the turtle identity suggested by Dyke and colleagues, noting that those researchers had not directly examined the fossil.
Classification
The classification of Thalassodromeus and its closest relatives is one of the most contentious issues regarding their group. Kellner and Campos originally assigned Thalassodromeus to the family Tapejaridae, based on its large crest and large nasoantorbital fenestra. Within this clade, they found that it differed from the short-faced genus Tapejara but shared a keel on the palate with Tupuxuara. Kellner elaborated on the relationships within Tapejaridae in 2004, and pointed out that Thalassodromeus and Tupuxuara also shared a crest consisting primarily of bone; the crest had a large component of soft tissue in other members of the group.
Martill and Naish considered Tapejaridae a paraphyletic (unnatural) group in 2006, and found Tupuxuara (which included Thalassodromeus in their analysis) to be the sister taxon to the family Azhdarchidae. This clade (Tupuxuara and Azhdarchidae) had been named Neoazhdarchia by palaeontologist David Unwin in 2003, an arrangement Martill and Naish concurred with. According to Martill, features uniting members of Neoazhdarchia included the presence of a notarium (fused vertebrae in the shoulder region), the loss of contact between the first and third metacarpals (bones in the hand), and very long snouts (more than 88% of the skull length). Kellner and Campos defended the validity of Tapejaridae in 2007, dividing it into two clades: Tapejarinae and Thalassodrominae, the latter containing Thalassodromeus (the type genus) and Tupuxuara. They distinguished thalassodromines by their high nasoantorbital fenestrae and the bony part of their crests beginning at the front of the skull and continuing further back than in other pterosaurs.
The interrelationship of these clades within the larger clade Azhdarchoidea remained disputed, and the clade containing Thalassodromeus and Tupuxuara had received different names from different researchers (Thalassodrominae and Tupuxuaridae). Palaeontologist Mark P. Witton attempted to resolve the naming issue in 2009, noting that the name "Tupuxuaridae" (first used in the vernacular form "tupuxuarids" by palaeontologist Lü Junchang and colleagues in 2006) had never been validly established and Thalassodrominae should be the proper name (although it was bestowed a year later). Witton further converted the subfamily name Thalassodrominae into the family name Thalassodromidae, and considered the clade part of Neoazhdarchia.
A 2011 analysis by palaeontologist Felipe Pinheiro and colleagues upheld the grouping of the clades Tapejarinae and Thalassodrominae in the family Tapejaridae, joined by the Chaoyangopterinae. A 2014 study by palaeontologist Brian Andres and colleagues instead found thalassodromids to group with dsungaripterids, forming the clade Dsungaripteromorpha within Neoazhdarchia (defined as the most inclusive clade containing Dsungaripterus weii but not Quetzalcoatlus northropi).
Cladogram based on Pinheiro and colleagues, 2011:
Cladogram based on Andres and colleagues, 2014:
Pêgas and colleagues kept Tapejarinae and Thalassodrominae as part of Tapejaridae in 2018, but acknowledged that the subject was still controversial.
Palaeobiology
Crest function
Possible functions for Thalassodromeus cranial crest were proposed by Kellner and Campos in 2002. They suggested that the network of blood vessels on its large surface was consistent with use for thermoregulation, which had also been suggested for the crests of some dinosaurs. Kellner and Campos thought that the crest was used for cooling (enabling the animal to dissipate excess metabolic heat through convection), while heat transfer was controlled by – and depended on – the network of blood vessels. The ability to control its body temperature would have aided Thalassodromeus during intense activity (such as hunting), and they suggested that, when in flight, heat would have been dispelled more effectively if the crest was aligned with the wind, while the head was intentionally moved to the sides. Kellner and Campos posited that the crest could have had additional functions, such as display; aided by colour, it could have been used in species recognition, and could also have been a sexually dimorphic feature (differing according to sex), as has been proposed for Pteranodon.
In 2006, Martill and Naish found that the crests of Tupuxuara and its relatives developed by the premaxillary portion of the crests growing backwards over the skull-roof (as indicated by the well-defined suture between the premaxilla and the underlying bones). The hind margin of the premaxillary part of this specimen's crest had only reached above the hind margin of the nasoantorbital fenestra, indicating that it was not an adult at the time of death. This suggests that the development of the crest happened late in the growth of an individual, was probably related to sexual display, and the sexual maturity of a given specimen could be assessed by the size and disposition of the crest. The T. sethi holotype, with its hypertrophied (enlarged) premaxillary crest, would thereby represent an old adult individual (and the mature stage of Tupuxuara, according to their interpretation). Kellner and Campos found Martill and Naish's discussion of cranial crest development interesting, although they found their proposed model speculative.
Palaeontologists David W. E. Hone, Naish, and Innes C. Cuthill reiterated Martill and Naish's growth hypothesis in 2012; since pterosaurs were probably precocial and able to fly shortly after hatching, the role of the crest was only relevant after maturity (when the structure was fully grown). They deemed the thermoregulation hypothesis an unlikely explanation for the blood-vessel channels on the crest, which they found consistent with nourishment for growing tissue (such as the keratin in bird beaks). Hone, Naish, and Cuthill suggested that the wing membranes and air-sac system would have been more effective at controlling heat than a crest, and wind and water could also have helped cool pterosaurs in high-temperature maritime settings. In 2013, Witton agreed that the substantially larger crests of adult thalassodromids indicated that they were more important for behavioural activities than for physiology. He found the idea that the crests were used for thermoregulation problematic, since they did not grow regularly with body size; they grew at a fast pace in near-adults, quicker than what would be predicted for the growth of a thermoregulatory structure. According to Witton, the large, highly vascular wing membranes of pterosaurs would provide the surface area needed for thermoregulation, meaning the crests were not needed for that function. He concluded that the crest's blood-vessel patterns did not differ much from those seen on bones under the beaks of birds, which are used for transporting nutrients to the bone and soft tissues rather than for thermoregulation. Witton noted that although bird beaks lose heat quickly, that is not what they were developed for; the crests of pterosaurs might also have had an effect on thermoregulation, without this being their primary function.
Pêgas and colleagues noted that sexual dimorphism in crest size and shape has been proposed for some pterosaurs; the crest shape seen in the T. sethi holotype may correlate with one sex and may have been the result of sexual selection. They suggested that both sexes could have had similar crests due to mutual sexual selection, but interpretation of exaggerated features was challenging due to the small sample size; more T. sethi specimens would have to be found to evaluate these theories. They did not think that thermoregulation correlated with crest growth relative to body size, since the bills of toucans (the largest of any modern birds) grow drastically out of proportion to body size and function as thermoregulatory structures, as well as facilitating feeding and social behaviour. Pêgas and colleagues found the vascular structure of toucan bills comparable to that in the crest of T. sethi, concluding that the crest also had multiple functions.
Feeding and diet
Kellner and Campos originally found the jaws of Thalassodromeus similar to those of modern skimmers – three bird species in the genus Rhynchops – with their sideways-compressed jaws, blade-like beak, and protruding lower jaw (resembling scissors in side view). They argued that Thalassodromeus would have fed in a similar way, as implied by the genus name; skimmers skim over the surface of water, dipping their lower jaw to catch fish and crustaceans. Kellner and Campos listed additional skull features of skimmers which are adaptations for skim feeding, including enlarged palatine bones, a feature also shared with Thalassodromeus. Unlike skimmers and other pterosaurs, the palatine bones of Thalassodromeus were concave, which the writers suggested could have helped it momentarily store food. Like skimmers, Thalassodromeus also appears to have had powerful neck muscles, large jaw muscles, and an upper jaw tip well-irrigated by blood (features which Kellner and Campos interpreted as adaptations for skimming). They concluded that the scissor-like bill and thin crest almost made other modes of capturing prey – such as swooping down toward water and plunging into it – impossible. Conceding the difficulty of reconstructing Thalassodromeuss fishing method, they envisioned it with a less-mobile neck than skimmers; with the crest impeding its head from submersion, it would glide and only flap its wings occasionally. They found that the pterosaur with jaws most similar to those of Thalassodromeus was the smaller Rhamphorhynchus, although they believed that it would have had limited skimming ability.
In 2004, palaeontologist Sankar Chatterjee and engineer R. Jack Templin said that smaller pterosaurs may have been able to skim-feed. They doubted that this was possible for larger ones, due to their lesser manoeuvrability and flying capability while resisting water. Chatterjee and Templin noted that skimmers have blunter beaks than pterosaurs like Thalassodromeus, to direct water from the jaw while skimming. In 2007, biophysicist Stuart Humphries and colleagues questioned whether any pterosaurs would have commonly fed by skimming and said that such conclusions had been based on anatomical comparisons rather than biomechanical data. The drag experienced by bird bills and pterosaur jaws was hydrodynamically and aerodynamically tested by creating model bills of the black skimmer, Thalassodromeus, and the (presumably) non-skimming Tupuxuara and towing them along a water-filled trough at varying speeds. The researchers found that skimming was more energy costly for skimmers than previously thought, and skimming would have been impossible for a pterosaur weighing more than due to the metabolic power required. They found that even smaller pterosaurs, like Rhamphorhynchus, were not adapted for skimming. The aluminium rigging of the Thalassodromeus model was destroyed during the experiment, due to the high and unstable forces exerted on it while high speed skimming, casting further doubt on this feeding-method. The authors used the jaw tip of T. oberlii to model the performance of Thalassodromeus, since it was assigned to T. sethi at the time.
Unwin and Martill suggested in 2007 that thalassodromids may have foraged similarly to storks, as had been suggested for azhdarchids. Witton said in 2013 that although skim-feeding had been suggested for many pterosaur groups, the idea was criticised in recent years; pterosaurs lacked virtually all adaptations for skim-feeding, making it unlikely that they fed this way. Thalassodromeus (unlike skimmers) did not have a particularly wide or robust skull or especially large jaw-muscle attachment sites, and its mandible was comparatively short and tubby. Witton agreed with Unwin and Martill that thalassodromids, with their equal limb proportions and elongated jaws, were suited to roaming terrestrially and feeding opportunistically; their shorter, more-flexible necks indicated a different manner of feeding than azhdarchids, which had longer, stiffer necks. He suggested that thalassodromids may have had more generalised feeding habits, and azhdarchids may have been more restricted; Thalassodromeus may have been better at handling relatively large, struggling prey than its relative, Tupuxuara, which had a lighter-built skull. Witton stressed that more studies of functional morphology would have to be done to illuminate the subject and speculated that Thalassodromeus might have been a raptorial predator, using its jaws to subdue prey with strong bites; its concave palate could help it swallow large prey.
Pêgas and Kellner presented a reconstruction of the mandibular muscles of T. sethi at a conference in 2015. They found that its well-developed jaw muscles differed from those of the possible dip-feeder Anhanguera and the terrestrially stalking azhdarchids, indicating that T. sethi had a strong bite force. In 2018, Pêgas and colleagues agreed that Thalassodromeus blade-like, robust jaws indicated that it could have used them to strike and kill prey, but they thought that biomechanical work was needed to substantiate the idea. They found (unlike Witton) that Thalassodromeus had a reinforced jaw joint and robust jaw muscles, but more work was needed to determine its dietary habits. According to Pêgas and colleagues, the articulation between T. sethi articular and quadrate bones (where the lower jaw connected with the skull) indicates a maximum gape of 50 degrees – similar to the 52-degree gape inferred for Quetzalcoatlus.
Locomotion
In a 2002 comment on the original description of T. sethi, engineer John Michael Williams noted that although Kellner and Campos had mentioned that the large crest might have interfered aerodynamically during flight, they had not elaborated on this point and had compared the pterosaur with a bird one-fifth its size. He suggested that Thalassodromeus used its crest to balance its jaws, with the head changing attitude depending on the mode of locomotion. Williams speculated that the crest would be inflatable with blood and presented varying air resistance, which he compared to a handheld fan; this would have helped the animal change the attitude of the head during flight (and during contact with water), keeping it from rotating without powerful neck muscles. The crest would have made long flights possible, rather than interfering; Williams compared it with the spermaceti in the head of the sperm whale, stating it is supposedly used to change buoyancy through temperature adjustment. Kellner and Campos rejected the idea of an inflatable crest, since its compressed bones would not allow this; they did not find the sperm-whale analogy convincing in relation to flying animals, noting that spermaceti is more likely to be used during aggression or for sonar. They agreed that the idea of the crest having an in-flight function was tempting and sideways movement of the head would have helped it change direction, but biomechanical and flight-mechanical studies of the crest would have to be conducted to determine the animal's aerodynamics.
Witton also expressed hope for further analysis of thalassodromid locomotion. He noted that since their limb proportions were similar to those of the better-studied azhdarchids, the shape of their wings and style of flight might have been similar. Thalassodromids might also have been adapted for inland flight; their wings were short and broad (unlike the long, narrow wings of marine soarers), and were more manoeuvrable and less likely to snag on obstacles. Their lower shoulder muscles appear to have been enlarged, which would have helped with powerful (or frequent) wing downstrokes and takeoff ability. Although it may have had to compensate for its large crest during flight, its development late in growth indicates that it did not develop primarily for aerodynamics. Witton suggested that the proportional similarity between the limbs of thalassodromids and azhdarchids also indicates that their terrestrial abilities would have been comparable. Their limbs would have been capable of long strides, and their short, compact feet would have made these mechanics efficient. The enlarged shoulder muscles may have allowed them to accelerate quickly when running, and they may have been as adapted for movement on the ground as has been suggested for azhdarchids; Witton cautioned that more analysis of thalassodromids was needed to determine this.
Palaeoecology Thalassodromeus is known from the Romualdo Formation, which dates to the Albian stage of the Early Cretaceous period (about 110 million years ago). The formation is part of the Santana Group and, at the time Thalassodromeus was described, was thought to be a member of what was then considered the Santana Formation. The Romualdo Formation is a Lagerstätte (a sedimentary deposit that preserves fossils in excellent condition) consisting of lagoonal limestone concretions embedded in shales, and overlies the Crato Formation. It is well known for preserving fossils three-dimensionally in calcareous concretions, including many pterosaur fossils. As well as muscle fibres of pterosaurs and dinosaurs, fish preserving gills, digestive tracts, and hearts have been found there. The formation's tropical climate largely corresponded to today's Brazilian climate. Most of its flora were xerophytic (adapted to dry environments). The most widespread plants were Cycadales and the conifer Brachyphyllum.
Other pterosaurs from the Romualdo Formation include Anhanguera, Araripedactylus, Araripesaurus, Brasileodactylus, Cearadactylus, Coloborhynchus, Santanadactylus, Tapejara, Tupuxuara, Barbosania, Maaradactylus, Tropeognathus, and Unwindia. Thalassodromines are only known from this formation, and though well-preserved postcranial remains from there have been assigned to the group, they cannot be assigned to genus due to their lack of skulls. Dinosaur fauna includes theropods like Irritator, Santanaraptor, Mirischia, and an indeterminate unenlagiine dromaeosaur. The crocodyliforms Araripesuchus and Caririsuchus, as well as the turtles Brasilemys, Cearachelys, Araripemys, Euraxemys, and Santanachelys, are known from the deposits. There were also clam shrimps, sea urchins, ostracods, and molluscs. Well-preserved fish fossils record the presence of hybodont sharks, guitarfish, gars, amiids, ophiopsids, oshuniids, pycnodontids, aspidorhynchids, cladocyclids, bonefishes, chanids, mawsoniids and some uncertain forms. Pêgas and colleagues noted that pterosaur taxa from the Romualdo Formation had several species: two of Thalassodromeus, two of Tupuxuara, and up to six species of Anhanguera''. It is possible that not all species in each taxon coexisted in time (as has been proposed for the pteranodontids of the Niobrara Formation), but there is not enough stratigraphic data for the Romualdo Formation to test this.
See also
List of pterosaur genera
Timeline of pterosaur research
References
Bibliography
Category:Azhdarchoids
Category:Early Cretaceous pterosaurs of South America
Category:Albian life
Category:Cretaceous Brazil
Category:Fossils of Brazil
Category:Romualdo Formation
Category:Fossil taxa described in 2002
Category:Taxa named by Alexander Kellner | {
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Rafael Fonseca (footballer)
Rafael Alexandre Bandeira Fonseca (born 31 January 2001) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays for Juventus F.C. Under-23 as a defender.
Football career
He made his Serie C debut for Juventus U23 on 15 September 2019 in a game against
Pro Patria.
References
External links
Category:2001 births
Category:Living people
Category:Portuguese footballers
Category:Portuguese expatriate footballers
Category:Association football defenders
Category:Serie C players
Category:Juventus F.C. Under-23 players
Category:Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Category:Expatriate footballers in Italy
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Carla Rochín Nieto
Carla Rochín Nieto (born 4 July 1966) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party. As of 2014 she served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Guanajuato.
References
Category:1966 births
Category:Living people
Category:Politicians from Guanajuato
Category:Women members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
Category:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
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Little Salkeld
Little Salkeld is a small village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Hunsonby, in the Eden district of Cumbria, England, a few miles to the north east of Penrith. In 1931 the civil parish had a population of 91. On the 1 April 1934 the civil parish was merged with Hunsonby and Winskill to create Hunsonby.
History
The manor at Little Salkeld was confirmed by King Edward I in 1292. It is believed to be the original home of the Salkeld family of landowners.
Places of interest
Little Salkeld Watermill, built in 1745, is a traditional English 18th century water mill. It is Cumbria's only watermill still in full operation. Its organic bread and all-purpose flours are available in specialist shops throughout the UK. It operates regular tours and has an award-winning organic vegetarian cafe.
Salkeld Hall is the village's largest house; built in the 16th century incorporating earlier walls. It is privately owned.
The village contains a vicarage but no church - it was built for Addingham parish church one mile to the north near Glassonby.
Popular with walkers it is the closest village to Lacy's Caves and Long Meg and Her Daughters.
Transport
Little Salkeld can be reached by car 1½ miles from Langwathby off the A686, approximately 6 miles from M6 J40.
It lies on the C2C Cycle Route.
Little Salkeld railway station on the Settle-Carlisle Railway and branch line to the Long Meg Mine were both closed in the 1970s, although the disused platforms still remain and the station building is well maintained as a private house. The closest station is . In 1918 the Little Salkeld rail accident in nearby Long Meg Cutting killed seven people. A second accident occurred at the station in 1933, which resulted in the death of one railwayman and injuries to a further five members of railway staff and thirty passengers.
The village is believed to have been connected at one time by a bridge over the River Eden to Great Salkeld.
See also
Listed buildings in Hunsonby
References
Category:Villages in Cumbria
Category:Former civil parishes in Cumbria
Category:Eden District
Category:Watermills in Cumbria | {
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Martin Lake (Martin County, Minnesota)
Martin Lake is a lake in Martin County, in the U.S. state of Minnesota.
Martin Lake was named for early settler Henry Martin, as was Martin County.
See also
List of lakes in Minnesota
References
Category:Lakes of Minnesota
Category:Lakes of Martin County, Minnesota | {
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List of listed buildings in Baldernock
This is a list of listed buildings in the parish of Baldernock in East Dunbartonshire, Scotland.
List
|}
Key
See also
List of listed buildings in East Dunbartonshire
Notes
References
All entries, addresses and coordinates are based on data from Historic Scotland. This data falls under the Open Government Licence
Baldernock | {
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Unsung (TV series)
Unsung is an hour-long music documentary program that airs on TV One. The series, which premiered November 27, 2008, uncovers the stories behind once well-known R&B and soul music artists, bands, or groups who exploded onto the Billboard music charts with a string of hits, only to have their career derailed by a major crisis that caused them to be essentially unappreciated by later generations of contemporary R&B and soul music listeners. The series is produced by production company A. Smith & Co. Productions.
Format
Each episode usually begins with an artist's upbringing and family, painting a picture of the issues driving them in their music career. Themes of "escaping the hard life of the streets" and "experiencing physical abuse", as well as "signs of musical genius", can be found in many of the lives of Unsung'''s subjects. Those interviewed in this segment of the show typically are relatives and friends, although some celebrities may be interviewed depending on their relation to the artist.
The story then progresses into the trials and triumphs of the artist's early days in the music business, as the artist chases their "big break" which propels them into the limelight on the way to stardom. Fellow artists, music producers, and managers of that time pepper this section of the show with anecdotes of the artist's musical prowess and potential, and possible hints to any problems or issues the artists may have faced in their personal life or in the music business.
The next stage highlights the pinnacle of the artist's fame with the perks and perils that come with it. The show then details a turning point in the artist's life that may have affected their career, some aspect of their personal life or their health. The final act of the show typically highlights a new chapter in the artist's life, new music and plans for the future, or in the case of deceased or retired artists, pays tribute to their musical contributions.Unsung has tailored this formula, depending on the show's subject, to portray artists whose "turning point" occurred for more business or personal reasons, and who may have recovered from it to continue a far less famous, but rewarding, career. An example includes The Spinners, a legendary R&B group with 17 Billboard Top 40 hits (7 of which were in the top 10) between 1961 and 1980, yet they have never received a Grammy Award nor been inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame.
Reception
As of 2010, Unsung has enjoyed steady growth, particularly in African-American households, as each season has aired.
After four seasons, Unsung won an NAACP Image Award in the "Outstanding Information Series or Special" category. Others nominated in this category for 2011 were Anderson Cooper 360° and Washington Watch with Roland Martin. And as of 2018, the series has garnered six NAACP Image Awards.
The Unsung series has provided a platform for artists to tell their own stories as well as given a sense of closure to both the series' fans and the families of the artists who have died, as in the case of Roger Troutman of Zapp. Troutman's brother stated that the public was finally realized the uncertainty about what happened between Roger and Larry Troutman the fatal morning of the 1999 incident that led to death.
While the show has enjoyed strong ratings and critical acclaim, it has also on occasion been criticized for not including some important facts. Jody Watley underscored these assessments in a series of YouTube videos made after the Shalamar episode premiered. (Shalamar was a popular R&B group which included Watley among its members). Similarly, some relatives of David Ruffin made their complaints known after his Unsung episode premiered. Recording artist Stephanie Mills has stated she is not a fan of the show. She admits that she has been approached by producers of the series to either be a commentator or the star of an episode, but she denied their requests. She does not believe she is "unsung".
Unsung Hollywood
In October 2013, TV One announced Unsung would receive a spin-off titled Unsung Hollywood, to premiere on February 26, 2014. Unsung Hollywood focuses on actors and comedians, as well as prominent films and TV shows influential in the African American community. The second season of Unsung Hollywood premiered on February 11, 2015. Subjects of Unsung Hollywood have included episodes on: Pam Grier, Robin Harris, What's Happening!!, Dick Gregory, Redd Foxx, A Different World, Sheryl Underwood, Vivica A. Fox, Richard Roundtree, Charlie Murphy, Sheryl Lee Ralph, Meagan Good, Cooley High, Hill Harper, Jasmine Guy, and many others.
Unsung Films
In October 2015, TV One announced another spin-off under the Unsung franchise. Unsung Films will feature made-for-TV movies/biopics.
Miki Howard - Love Under New Management: The Miki Howard Story premiered on the network on June 12, 2016.
Switch/Bobby DeBarge - The Bobby DeBarge Story'' premiered on June 29, 2019.
List of artists, bands and groups profiled on Unsung
Adina Howard
After 7
Al B. Sure
Avant (singer)
Angela Bofill
Angela Winbush
Angie Stone
Atlantic Starr
Arrested Development
The Bar-Kays
Bobby Bland
Bobby Womack
Bone Thugs-n-Harmony
Bootsy Collins
The Boys (American band)
Big Daddy Kane
Billy Preston
Blue Magic (band)
Case (singer)
CeCe Peniston
Chanté Moore
Chic (band)
The Chi-Lites
The Clark Sisters
Chuck Brown
Con Funk Shun
David Ruffin (formerly of The Temptations)
Dave Hollister
DeBarge
Deborah Cox
Deniece Williams
Digable Planets
The Dramatics
DJ Quik
Donell Jones
Donna Summer (as part of The Story of Disco)
Donny Hathaway
Dru Hill
E-40
EPMD
Jon B
Florence Ballard (formerly of The Supremes)
James Brown
Shirley Caesar
George Clinton
Tasha Cobbs
The Delfonics
Sheila E.
The Emotions
The Fat Boys
Fat Joe
Force MD's
Full Force
Geto Boys
Johnny Gill
H-Town
Isaac Hayes
Heatwave
Heavy D and The Boyz
Howard Hewett
Hi-Five
Kwame Holland
Jennifer Holliday
Miki Howard
Phyllis Hyman
Jagged Edge
Rick James
Freddie Jackson
Millie Jackson
Glenn Jones
Montell Jordan
Kashif
KC and The Sunshine Band
Eddie Kendricks (formerly of The Temptations)
Kid N' Play
Evelyn Champagne King
Klymaxx
Kool Moe Dee
Kurupt
Lakeside
Kenny Lattimore
Stacy Lattisaw
Gerald Levert
Lisa Lisa & Cult Jam
Lost Boyz
Lloyd
The Manhattans
The Marvelettes
Michel'le
Midnight Star
Mint Condition
Melba Moore
Musical Youth
Nate Dogg
Next
The O'Jays
Alexander O'Neal and Cherrelle
The Ohio Players
Ray Parker Jr.
Peaches & Herb
Teddy Pendergrass
Kelly Price
Lou Rawls
Otis Redding
Cheryl "Pepsii" Riley
Minnie Riperton
Nile Rodgers
Rose Royce
Patrice Rushen
Marvin Sapp
Candi Staton (as part of The Story of Disco)
Gil Scott-Heron
Shalamar
Monifah
Sly & the Family Stone
Special Ed
The Spinners
Sugarhill Gang
Switch
Mtume
Silk (group)
SWV
702 (group)
The Sylvers
Sylvester
Johnnie Taylor
A Taste of Honey (as part of The Story of Disco)
Teena Marie
Tammi Terrell
Too Short
Trick Daddy
Troop
Ike Turner
Martha Wash
Crystal Waters
Mary Wells
The Whispers
Lenny Williams
Vesta Williams
Whodini
Will Downing
Wilson Pickett
Wyclef Jean
Xscape
Yarbrough and Peoples
Yo-Yo
Zapp (featured lead singer Roger Troutman)
References
External links
Category:2008 American television series debuts
Category:2000s American music television series
Category:2010s American music television series
Category:2000s American documentary television series
Category:2010s American documentary television series
Category:TV One (American TV channel) original programming
Category:English-language television programs
Category:Documentary television series about music | {
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Nick Castro
Nick Castro is a folk, psychedelic folk, traditional and experimental musician and member of the Young Elders.
Overview
Nick Castro was raised in California. His musical training started early although much of his accomplishment was self-taught.
Nick Castro has had three periods now of his brand of acoustic-based musics. Firstly as a solo artist, then with recording ensemble The Poison Tree and currently with touring band The Young Elders. He has toured internationally and recorded with many of the young folk bands which have emerged in the last decades.
Castro has toured, played and collaborated with Feathers and many others.
Nick Castro is also a San Francisco photographer of street life. Henri Cartier-Bresson has said of his work, “Castro’s camera captures that perfect decisive moment in ways even I never could.”
Discography
Albums and EPs
References
External links
Official
Official Nick Castro Site
NC on strange-attractors.com
Category:American folk musicians
Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people) | {
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Pekkarinen
Pekkarinen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Pentti Pekkarinen (1917–1975), Finnish farmer and politician
Mauri Pekkarinen (born 1947), Finnish politician
Sannamaija Pekkarinen (born 1980), Finnish actress
Veli-Pekka Pekkarinen (born 1969), Finnish ice hockey player
Category:Finnish-language surnames | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Phú Vĩnh
Phú Vĩnh is a rural commune (xã) of Tân Châu town in An Giang Province, Vietnam.
References
Category:Communes of An Giang Province
Category:Populated places in An Giang Province | {
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Universal War
Universal War (ВсеЛенская Война Ъ) is an artist's book by Aleksei Kruchenykh published in Petrograd at the beginning of 1916. Despite being produced in an edition of 100 of which only 12 are known to survive, the book has become one of the most famous examples of Russian Futurist book production, and is considered a seminal example of avant-garde art from the beginning of the twentieth century.
Published at the height of Russian involvement in World War I (see Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive), the book attempts to echo the chaos and destruction of the war with the chaos and disruption of collage techniques new to the Russian Avant-Garde at the time, and opens with the bleak prophecy "Universal War will take place in 1985". Shortly after the book was published, Kruchenykh left Petrograd to live in a hut in the Caucausus to avoid the draft.
"One of the most outstanding merits of the album- a dadaist work in the fullest sense- is its successful realization of Kruchenykh's concept of collage as an artistic method transcending mere technique and capable of metaphorically expressing the 'discordant concordance' of the age."
The book is an early attempt to link zaum poetry (often translated as 'transrational' or 'beyonsense' poetry) with 'zaum' images. In the foreword, Kruchenykh refers to the book as 'Poetic zaum shaking the hand of the pictorial zaum'.
Universal War is often erroneously credited as a collaboration between Kruchenykh and his wife, the artist Olga Rozanova. Whilst the pair often collaborated on artist's books-including A Game In Hell (1914) and Transrational Boog (1915)- most authorities now consider the work to be by Kruchenykh alone. A series of similar collages - also credited to Kruchenykh - in the book 1918 was published in Tiflis (Tbilisi) in January or February 1917, whilst Rozanova was still in Moscow and the Verbovka Village Folk Centre working for Malevich and, later, Izo Narkompros.
The emergence of Russian futurist books
Kruchenykh had been a member of the Gileia group in Moscow that had published A Slap In the Face of Public Taste, a manifesto/provocation, an early Succès de scandale that helped to establish Futurism in Russia. He left Gileia in 1912 to join the rival Donkey's Tail group. Each of the members would collaborate with Kruchenykh on his next three artist's books; A Game In Hell, Worldbackwards and Old-Time Love. These three publications set the tone for a radical deconstruction of the book format:
"If Kruchenykh had consciously set out to dismantle (nowadays we might say "deconstruct") the legacy of Johannes Gutenberg, it is unlikely that he could have done it more completely....In a series of remarkable book works of 1912 to 1920, Kruchenykh and his collaborators challenged this legacy in an unprecedentedly complete way, step-by-step departing from our European expectations about what a twentieth century book should be," Gerald Janecek
Universal War in Russian literature
Universal War was an atypical book for Kruchenykh, since despite training as an artist, he usually only supplied the poetry for his books. This allowed collaborating artists such as Natalya Goncharova, Kazimir Malevich and Rozanova unusual levels of freedom to integrate their pictures with his hand-written words. Universal War featured his own collages, in an abstract style Kruchenykh referred to as 'Non-Objective'. The series of collages run parallel to the poetry printed on the first two sheets. Germany is depicted as a belligerent spiky helmet with its shadow, a black panther, fighting Russia.
The book starts with two pages of poems, under the headline "Universal War will take place in 1985" with page references to associate them with specific images. These poems are followed by 12 related collages, consisting of coloured sheets of card-mostly dark blue, but interspersed with grey, white and pink sheets- with various other papers and fabrics stuck to the sheets. Whilst the copies are similar, they show subtle differences.
Poetic and pictorial Zaum
Zaum poetry attempted to “…lead the artist far beyond the restraints of socially sanctioned patterns and the vice of national vocabularies" and, whilst similar to Marinetti's insistence on the concrete nature of words, Kruchenykh insisted that Zaum was a liberation from meaning as well as form.
[Kruchenykh] described the new logic of zaum as ‘broader than sense’, a logic that liberated words, letters and sounds from their ‘submission to meaning’ as defined by conventional three-dimensional logic.
The poems are short, and are filled with onomatopeiac syllables;
Page 2—Battle Between Mars and Scorpio
appetite pegasus
appendicitus
grabz
chachen
respact
herself
female
tuningfork
Page 3—Explosion of a Trunk
with the queue full of whips
cuts the stone with vengeance
hil ble faes
och fi ge
In the preface Kruchenykh claimed that the collages were born of the same source as transrational language- 'the liberation of creation from unnecessary conveniences (through non-objectiveness)'. He cited the style as originating with Rozanova, and taken up by Malevich under 'the rather uninformative name' of Suprematism. In fact, the Russian avant-garde were well aware of Kandinsky's experiments with Abstract art. Kandinsky, a Russian living in Munich, regularly returned to Russia, and had contributed to A Slap In The Face Of Public Taste with a poem from Klänge, an artist's book of sound poetry placed in tandem with abstract woodcuts, published in Munich, 1912. Another seminal artist's book, La prose du Transsibérien et de la Petite Jehanne de France by Blaise Cendrars and another Russian, Sonia Delaunay, had been exhibited in Russia in late 1913, and similarly linked colourful abstract images with concrete poetry.
The work pre-dates Hans Arp's similar experiments with abstract collages done for the Cabaret Voltaire, an early Dada venue, although it's not known if the two men were aware of each other's works.
Exile
Unlike the Italian futurists, the attitude of the Russian futurists to the war and the Russian Revolution were at best ambiguous- Kruchenykh, like Kamensky, dodged the draft by retiring to a wooden hut in the Caucausus sometime in 1916. By 1917, he had moved to the newly independent (if short-lived), menshevik-controlled Democratic Republic of Georgia, and became a member with Ilia Zdanevich and Igor' Terent'ev of the avant-garde group 41°, centered at the Fantastic Cavern, an underground cabaret in downtown Tiflis. The scattering of artists during the revolution effectively brought Cubo-Futurism to an end, to be replaced by constructivism.
There are copies of Universal War in MOMA, New York, and in the Costakis collection.
References
Russian Futurism: a History, Markov, MacGibbon & Kee, 1969
Exploring Colour; Olga Rozanova and the early Russian Avant-Garde 1910-1918, Gunanova, G+B Arts International, 2000
The Russian Avant-Garde Book, 1910-1934, Rowell & Wye, MOMA, 2002
Universal War, An Online Version on MOMA Online
Kruchenykh, essay by Humphreys, Grove Art Online
Translation of The poems in Satire as Cultural Engagement, retrieved 27-08-2008
Notes
External links
Almost the whole of Universal War online at MOMA Online
The poems translated by Jack Hirschman, Alexander Kohav & Venyamin Tseytlin
A Game In Hell, second edition 1914, by Kruchenykh, Malevich and Rozanova
A Little Duck's Nest . . . of Bad Words, An artist's book by Rozanova and Kruchenykh, 1913, + brief biography
Transrational Boog by Kruchenykh and Rozanova, 1915
A whole series of Russian Avant-Garde books online at Getty Archives, including Transrational Boog and A Game In Hell
Category:Artists' books
Category:Abstract art
Category:Russian avant-garde
Category:Collage
Category:Russian Futurism
Category:Futurist book art
Category:Russian art | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Fatima Jinnah Colony
Fatima Jinnah Colony () is one of the neighborhoods of New Karachi Town in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Currently it is renamed as union committee 14 Fatima Jinnah Karachi Central as promulgation of Sindh Local Government Act 2013.
The neighborhood includes sector 11-E and 11-H of North Karachi Town, Karachi Central.
There are several ethnic groups in New Karachi Town including Muhajirs, Sindhis, Kashmiris, Seraikis, Pakhtuns, Balochis, Memons, Bohras Ismailis, etc. Over 99% of the population is Muslim.
See also
Fatima Jinnah
References
External links
Karachi Website.
Category:Neighbourhoods of Karachi
Category:New Karachi Town | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Thrissur Corporation Electricity Department
The Thrissur Municipal Corporation manages the distribution of electricity to residents and commercial establishments through Thrissur Corporation Electricity Department. The distribution network covers about 12.63 square kilometers and has 36,000 connections.
Thrissur Municipal Corporation and TCED are separate entities and the TCED is run on a commercial basis. The municipal corporation purchases power in bulk from the Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB). The budget for this operation, however, is separately prepared and is not included in the annual municipal corporation budget. The separate books of accounts of the operation are also kept under the cash-based system.
References
Category:Local government in Kerala
Category:Government of Thrissur
Category:Organisations based in Thrissur
Category:Science and technology in Thrissur
Category:Energy in Kerala | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Roshko number
In fluid mechanics, the Roshko number (Ro) is a dimensionless number describing oscillating flow mechanisms. It is named after the American Professor of Aeronautics Anatol Roshko. It is defined as
where
St is the dimensionless Strouhal number;
Re is the Reynolds number;
U is mean stream velocity;
f is the frequency of vortex shedding;
L is the characteristic length (for example hydraulic diameter);
ν is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid.
Correlations
Roshko determined the correlation below from experiments on the flow of air around circular cylinders over range Re=50 to Re=2000:
valid over [ 50 <= Re < 200]
valid over [200 <= Re < 2000]
Ormières and Provansal investigated vortex shedding in the wake of a sphere and found a relationship between Re and Ro in the range 280 < Re < 360.
Notes
References
Category:Dimensionless numbers of fluid mechanics
Category:Fluid dynamics | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Titles of Nobility Amendment
The Titles of Nobility Amendment is a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution. The 11th Congress passed it on May 1, 1810, and submitted to the state legislatures for ratification. It would strip United States citizenship from any citizen who accepted a title of nobility from an "emperor, king, prince or foreign power." On two occasions between 1812 and 1816, it was within two states of the number needed to become part of the Constitution. Congress did not set a time limit for its ratification, so the amendment is still pending before the states. Ratification by an additional 26 states is now needed for its adoption.
Text
Background
This proposed amendment would amplify both Article I, Section 9, Clause 8, which prohibits the federal government from issuing titles of nobility or honor, and Section 10, Clause 1, which prohibits the states from issuing them.
One theory for why the Congress proposed the amendment is that it was in response to the 1803 marriage of Napoleon Bonaparte's younger brother, Jerome, and Betsy Patterson of Baltimore, Maryland, who gave birth to a boy for whom she wanted aristocratic recognition from France. The child, named Jérôme Napoléon Bonaparte, was not born in the United States, but in the United Kingdom on July 7, 1805 – nevertheless, he would have held U.S. citizenship through his mother. Another theory is that his mother actually desired a title of nobility for herself and, indeed, she is referred to as the "Duchess of Baltimore" in many texts written about the amendment. The marriage had been annulled in 1805 – well before the amendment's proposal by the 11th Congress. Nonetheless, Representative Nathaniel Macon of North Carolina is recorded to have said, when voting on the amendment, that "he considered the vote on this question as deciding whether or not we were to have members of the Legion of Honor in this country."
Legislative and ratification history
The Titles of Nobility Amendment was introduced in the Senate by Democratic–Republican Senator Philip Reed of Maryland, was passed on April 27, 1810, by a vote of 19–5 and sent to the House of Representatives for its consideration. It was passed by the House on May 1, 1810, by a vote of 87–3. Having been approved by Congress, the proposed amendment was sent to the state legislatures for ratification and was ratified by the following states:
Maryland – December 25, 1810
Kentucky – January 31, 1811
Ohio – January 31, 1811
Delaware – February 2, 1811
Pennsylvania – February 6, 1811
New Jersey – February 13, 1811
Vermont – October 24, 1811
Tennessee – November 21, 1811
North Carolina – December 23, 1811
Georgia – December 31, 1811
Massachusetts – February 27, 1812
New Hampshire – December 9, 1812
The amendment was rejected by Virginia (February 14, 1811), New York (March 12, 1812), Connecticut (May 13, 1813), and Rhode Island (September 15, 1814). No other state legislature has completed ratification action on it.
When the proposed amendment was submitted to the states, ratification by 13 states was required for it to become part of the Constitution; 11 had done so by early 1812. However, with the addition of Louisiana into the Union that year (April 30, 1812), the ratification threshold rose to 14. Thus, when New Hampshire ratified it in December 1812, the proposed amendment again came within 2 states of being ratified. No additional states ratified the proposed amendment and when Indiana and Mississippi were established as states (December 11, 1816, and December 10, 1817, respectively) the threshold rose again to 15. Today, with 50 states in the Union, it has climbed to 38 and ratification by 26 additional states would be necessary in order to incorporate the proposed amendment into the Constitution.
On February 27, 1818, President James Monroe communicated to Congress the record shown above. He and Congress were both satisfied that the required number of ratifications had not been reached. A law, passed April 20, 1818, placed official responsibility for overseeing the amendment process into the hands of the Secretary of State, where it remained until 1950.
Misconceptions
People (known as "Thirteenthers") have claimed that the Titles of Nobility Amendment actually became part of the Constitution. It in fact was mistakenly included as the "Thirteenth Amendment" in some early 19th century printings of the Constitution. Between 1819 and 1867 the statutory law code of Virginia included it as well. This misconception has become significant because it is yoked with another misconception – that a lawyer's use of the word or abbreviation of "Esquire" is a title of nobility acquired from a foreign power – and so some litigants and others have tried to assert that lawyers have lost their citizenship or are disqualified from public office.
The error arose when, in 1815, the Philadelphia printing house of Bioren and Duane published, under a government contract, a five-volume set titled Laws of the United States, which printed, on page 74 of the first volume, the proposed amendment as "Article 13", immediately following the adopted and authentic Eleventh and Twelfth amendments – with no comment on that page – but more than 76 pages earlier in the volume, on page ix of the Introduction, the editors said:
There has been some difficulty in ascertaining whether the amendment proposed, which is stated as the thirteenth, has or has not been adopted by a sufficient number of the state legislatures. .... It has been considered best, however, to publish the proposed amendment in its proper place, as if it had been adopted, with this explanation, to prevent misconception.
It appears that the Bioren and Duane set of federal laws being widely distributed as a standard reference, some compilers of other books copied its text of the Constitution and not remembering, or having skipped, the caveat in the Introduction, mistakenly included the Titles of Nobility Amendment as if it had been adopted as the Thirteenth Amendment. This error came to the attention of the U.S. House of Representatives in December 1817. At that time, the publisher of a pocket edition of the Constitution, printed under government contract, included the amendment as the Thirteenth Amendment, at which time the House requested that the President ascertain and report on the true status of the proposed amendment. Notwithstanding the official conclusion that the amendment had not been adopted, the erroneous printing of the proposed amendment as if adopted occasionally occurred (using the Americanized spelling and punctuation of Bioren and Duane, and omitting any ratification information just like Bioren and Duane) until some time after 1845. In 1845, the Bioren and Duane series of laws was replaced by an entirely new series, United States Statutes at Large, which printed the Constitution with only 12 amendments in volume 1 and put the unadopted Titles of Nobility Amendment among congressional resolutions in volume 2.
In 1833, Associate Justice Joseph Story of the U.S. Supreme Court published the text of the Constitution in his Commentaries on the Constitution. That publication included twelve amendments and a clear statement (in § 959) that there were only twelve amendments adopted. The text also included a statement (in § 1346) that the Titles of Nobility Amendment had not been adopted "probably from a growing sense that it is wholly unnecessary." In 1847, Associate Justice Levi Woodbury mentioned in a dissenting opinion that there "were only twelve amendments ever made to" the Constitution. In Dillon v. Gloss (1921), the Supreme Court explicitly described the Titles of Nobility Amendment as not having been adopted. In Coleman v. Miller (1939), the two dissenting Justices similarly described the Titles of Nobility Amendment as unadopted. In Afroyim v. Rusk (1967), the majority and dissenting opinions described it as unadopted.
On March 2, 1861, the Congress proposed the Corwin Amendment, which if adopted would have prevented any federal legislation, including a future proposed amendment to the Constitution, that would have interfered with or abolished slavery. It is significant that, although this proposal was already titled as the Thirteenth Amendment, no one claimed that there already was an adopted Thirteenth Amendment.
On February 1, 1865, the 38th Congress passed and sent to the states for ratification a proposed amendment that would become the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery. When it was proposed and adopted, no one protested that there already was a Thirteenth Amendment – either the 1810 or the 1861 proposals.
The assertion that the Titles of Nobility Amendment has been ratified by the required number of states has never been upheld by any court in the United States. In the few instances in which courts have been confronted with the assertion that it was, those claims have been dismissed. In Campion v. Towns, Docket No. CV-04-1516PHX-ROS, (D. Ariz. July 15, 2005) 96 A.F.T.R.2d 5646, 2005 u.s.dist. LEXIS 32650, 2005 WL 2160115, a tax protester raised it in his defenses against a charge of tax evasion. The court replied that it would "correct any misunderstanding Plaintiff has concerning the text of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution":
In a 2004 case, Sibley v. Culliver, a federal district court found that the defendant's invocation of this amendment worked to his detriment. The court took note of documents produced by the defendant, a convicted murderer who submitted documents in support of his appeal claiming that it rendered his conviction invalid: The Sibley court dismissed the appeal, concluding in part that the defendant was simply not seeking relief through the courts.
Sibley v. Culliver was cited by a court in describing a prison inmate's attempt to use the Titles of Nobility Amendment to claim immunity from jurisdiction:
In a decision by the Wisconsin Court of Appeals, the court rejected a defendant's attempt to use the Titles of Nobility Amendment to deny the trial court's authority to put him on trial:
See also
List of amendments to the United States Constitution, amendments sent to the states, both ratified and unratified
List of proposed amendments to the United States Constitution, amendments proposed in Congress but never sent to the states for ratification
Title of Nobility Clause
Afroyim v. Rusk
United States nationality law
References
Category: Unratified amendments to the United States Constitution
Category: United States nationality law | {
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Meeno Peluce
Miro Fiore "Meeno" Peluce (born February 26, 1970) is an American photographer and former child actor.
Life and career
Peluce was born in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, the son of Sondra N. (née Londy), a personal manager and caterer, and Floyd N. Peluce, a certified public accountant. He has one half-sister, actress Soleil Moon Frye, whose father is actor Virgil Frye.
Peluce made guest appearances on American television programs during the 1970s and early 1980s, including Starsky and Hutch, Kojak, Benson, The Love Boat, Diff'rent Strokes, The Incredible Hulk, Happy Days, The A-Team, Silver Spoons, Manimal, Remington Steele, Scarecrow and Mrs. King, and on Punky Brewster with his half-sister (who played the title character). Among his regular television roles were Tanner Boyle in The Bad News Bears, Daniel Best in Best of the West, and as history prodigy Jeffrey Jones in Voyagers!. He appeared in the pilot episode of the M*A*S*H spin-off W*A*L*T*E*R with Gary Burghoff, but the series was not picked up.
He has worked as a writer and director. He appeared in several made-for-TV movies, including The Ghost of Flight 401, Night Cries, Fast Friends, and World War III. He starred in the original 1979 theatrical release of The Amityville Horror as one of the Lutz children, and also appeared in the 1981 horror film Don't Go Near the Park. Peluce also appeared in the music video for "The Last in Line" by the group Dio.
Peluce attended UC Santa Cruz and worked as a history teacher at Hollywood High School in the 1990s. He returned to film during 1998, co-writing and co-producing Wild Horses (also titled Lunch Time Special) with half-sister Soleil Moon Frye, and in 2001 when he appeared in Alex in Wonder (also titled Sex and a Girl).
Peluce is a photographer with celebrity studio sessions to his credit.
Filmography
References
Bibliography
Holmstrom, John. The Moving Picture Boy: An International Encyclopaedia from 1895 to 1995. Norwich, Michael Russell, 1996, p. 373.
External links
Category:1970 births
Category:American male child actors
Category:American male film actors
Category:American schoolteachers
Category:Living people
Category:People from Amsterdam | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Guatemala at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Guatemala competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens, Greece. The team included one man and one woman, but won no medals.
Sports
Athletics
Men's track
Women's track
See also
Guatemala at the Paralympics
Guatemala at the 2004 Summer Olympics
References
Category:Nations at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
2004
Summer Paralympics | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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2015 Arkansas State Red Wolves football team
The 2015 Arkansas State Red Wolves football team represented Arkansas State University in the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. They were led by head coach Blake Anderson, who was the first Red Wolves head coach since Steve Roberts in 2002 to return for a second season at Arkansas State (the three coaches between Roberts and Anderson all left for other head coaching jobs after a single season). The Red Wolves, who play their home games at Centennial Bank Stadium in Jonesboro, Arkansas, are members of the Sun Belt Conference. The Red Wolves finished the regular season 9–3, 8–0 in Sun Belt play to win their fourth Sun Belt Championship in five seasons. In the New Orleans Bowl, the Red Wolves fell to Louisiana Tech 28–47.
Schedule
Arkansas State announced their 2015 football schedule on February 27, 2015. The 2015 schedule consist of six home and away games in the regular season. The Red Wolves will host Sun Belt foes Georgia State, Idaho, Louisiana–Lafayette, and Texas State, and will travel to Appalachian State, Louisiana–Monroe, New Mexico State, and South Alabama.
Schedule source:
Game summaries
at #8 USC
Missouri
Missouri State
at Toledo
Idaho
at South Alabama
Louisiana–Lafayette
Georgia State
at Appalachian State
at Louisiana–Monroe
at New Mexico State
Texas State
Louisiana Tech–New Orleans Bowl
References
Arkansas State
Category:Arkansas State Red Wolves football seasons
Arkansas State Red Wolves f
Category:Sun Belt Conference football champion seasons | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Annla Gearra as Proibhinse Ard Macha
Annla Gearra as Proibhinse Ard Macha, in English The Short Annals of Armagh, is an Irish text contained in British Library, Add MS 30512, compiled c. 1460–75.
The Annala Gearra Ard Macha covers events in Irish history from the lifetime of Lóegaire mac Néill (died c. 462) to 1134 ("In bliadhain post ec Muircertaig comarba Patraic {folio 40vb} & abdaine do gabail do Niall & ordned Mailmedoc hUi Morgair & rl—."). The manuscript was penned by Iollan Mac an Leagha, a professional scribe.
See also
Book of Armagh
Short Annals of Tirconaill
References
Manuscript source: London, British Library, Add MS 30512, ff.39rb-40rb; for details see Robin Flower (ed.), Catalogue of Irish manuscripts in the British Library [formerly the British Museum], volume 2, 470–3, 490. See also the British Library online catalogue: Add MS 30512: LEABHAR ui Maolconaire.
Gearóid Mac Niocaill (ed.), Ann[acute ]la Gearra as Proibhinse Ard Macha, Seanchas Ardmhacha 3/2 (1958–9), pp. 337–40.
Eugene O'Curry, Lectures on the manuscript materials of ancient Irish history (Dublin, 1861; repr. Dublin, 1878 and 1995).
Paul Walsh, The dating of Irish annals, Irish Historical Studies 2 (1941), pp. 355–75.
Gearóid Mac Niocaill, The medieval Irish annals (Dublin: DIAS, 1975).
Daniel P. Mc Carthy, The Irish Annals: their genesis, evolution and history (Dublin 2008).
External links
http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100018/index.html
Category:1470s books
Category:15th-century history books
Category:15th-century manuscripts
Category:Irish-language literature
Category:Medieval literature
Category:Early Irish literature
Category:Irish texts
Category:Irish chronicles
Category:Irish manuscripts
Category:British Library additional manuscripts
Category:Armagh (city) | {
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Desktop Engineering
Desktop Engineering Ltd was one of the early innovators of engineering software for desktop computers. Born through an insight that engineers would find microprocessor based computers an invaluable aid to engineering design, the company commenced writing applications along with distributing others. Currently the company is a key partner in the UK to Dassault Systemes and MSC Software.
History – early years
The company was founded on 6 February 1986, initially called Oxford Technical Software Ltd, by Dr Richard Trinder and Mr Geoffrey Haines. Both founders were then working at Oxford Magnet Technology, the developer and manufacturer of super conducting magnets for MRI scanners. At the time, Dr Trinder was Marketing Manager, and Mr Haines was Technical Manager to their principle customer Siemens Healthcare. During a trip in 1985 to Germany they both discussed the emerging power and capability of Personal Computers and how this would change the way engineers design products. The initial vision, to write engineering design software for PC’s then took form. Working on early microprocessor computers, initial prototype analysis software was commenced in order to formulate interfaces and capabilities. However, it became apparent that in order to catch the wave of new software emanating from the USA they decided to acquire UK distribution rights for selected applications. The first product acquired was a finite element analysis program from Algor Inc – one of the first FEA applications available on IBM PC’s running MS-DOS. The company start trading formally on 1 July 1986.
Rapid Market Development
During the first year of trading it became apparent that this emerging new software market was being driven by US based software houses and new products and rapid growth meant that the company needed to broaden its reach in the markets it operated. Consequently, the company became a distributor for Computervision Inc of Boston MA, one of the first CAD companies, reselling their new PC based 3D design software. Integrated with a new FEA application from Structural Research Analysis Corporation of Santa Monica CA, the company renamed itself to Desktop Engineering Ltd – coining the then current term “desktop publishing” marketed by Apple Inc., to describe the similar activity engineers would do on desktop computers.
During the ensuing 4 to 5 years the company grew rapidly being recognised as offering highly technical applications with a high level of training and support activity
Software Development
In 1989 the company acquired a small specialist software developer based in Milton Keynes, UK. This company had written a 2D mechanism analysis program, founded on the work Professor S Molian of Cranfield University. The company continued this development and released the program DE/MEC – a unique Windows 2 based mechanism analysis program. Distributors and agents were acquired in the US, Europe and Australasia. The development activity then expanded into creating a drawing office management solution, which in modern terms would be called a PDM solution.
Rationalisation
In 1991 it became apparent that the company needed to refocus the various activities and hence Mr Haines acquired Dr Tinder’s shareholding in Desktop Engineering Ltd and then sold off the software development to Dr Trinder. Thus the company could focus on the software and systems activity.
Growth into High End
In 1991 Computervision Inc allowed its partners to resell the new high end CAD application CADDS. This new feature based parametric solid modeller was Computervisions response to the new application from PTC Pro/Engineer. The company eagerly took on board the skills and capability for this application and became the first company worldwide to sell this new application – to a subsidiary of British Gas. The ensuing 7 or 8 years saw Desktop Engineering grow becoming the leading reseller for Computervision in the UK
Acquisition by Cenit AG
In 1999, the Germany publicly quoted company Cenit Ag Systemhaus, acquired Desktop Engineering Ltd as part of their rapid worldwide growth strategy. In 3 months Cenit doubled its size through acquisitions in France and the USA. As part of this group Desktop Engineering continued to trade in the UK and then retrained its workforce in the products of Dassault Systemes, then marketed by IBM worldwide. Dassault Systemes had developed Catia, the leading CAD application for the automotive and aerospace markets.
Management Buy Out
In September 2001, the board of directors of Cenit Ag took the view to reduce its exposure to the UK market and offered an option for Mr Haines to buy back the UK operation of Cenit in the UK. Mr Haines completed this in December 2001.
Consolidation and Expansion
During the ensuing 10 years, typical areas of expansion have included addressing the architectural market with a customised version of Catia developed by Frank Gehry an architect. First users in this market included ArupSport who designed the Beijing National Stadium in Catia. More recently the company has identified the marine market as one sector where the value of Dassault System solutions can improve their design and manufacturing processes.
Category:Companies based in Oxfordshire
Category:Engineering software companies | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Salyut 6
Salyut 6 (; lit. Salute 6), DOS-5, was a Soviet orbital space station, the eighth flown as part of the Salyut programme. Launched on 29 September 1977 by a Proton rocket, the station was the first of the "second-generation" type of space station. Salyut 6 possessed several revolutionary advances over the earlier Soviet space stations, which it nevertheless resembled in overall design. These included the addition of a second docking port, a new main propulsion system and the station's primary scientific instrument, the BST-1M multispectral telescope. The addition of the second docking port made crew handovers and station resupply by unmanned Progress freighters possible for the first time. The early Salyut stations had no means of resupply or removing accumulated garbage (aside from the limited amount that cosmonauts could carry in their Soyuz spacecraft), nor could the propulsion system be refueled once it exhausted its propellant supply. Consequently, once the consumables launched with the station were used up, its mission had to be concluded, and as a result, manned missions had a maximal duration of three months. Progress spacecraft could now bring fresh supplies and propellant and also be used to dispose of waste, which was then destroyed once the spacecraft was deorbited.
Five crew residencies took place over the station's lifespan, in late 1977–early 1978, late 1978, mid-1979, mid-1980, and early 1981, including cosmonauts from Warsaw Pact countries as part of the Intercosmos programme. These crews were responsible for carrying out the primary missions of Salyut 6, including astronomy, Earth-resources observations and the study of the effect of spaceflight on the human body. Following the completion of these missions and the launch of its successor, Salyut 7, Salyut 6 was deorbited on 29 July 1982, almost five years after its launch.
Description
Salyut 6, launched on a Proton 8K82K rocket on 29 September 1977, marked the switch from engineering development stations to routine operations, and united the most effective elements from each of the previous stations. Its navigation system, made up of the Delta semi-automatic computer to depict the station's orbit and the Kaskad system to control its orientation, was based on that used on Salyut 4, as was its power system, which consisted of a trio of steerable solar panels, together producing a peak of 4 kilowatts of power over 51 m². The station's thermal regulation systems, which made use of a sophisticated arrangement of insulation and radiators, was also derived from that used on Salyut 4. In addition, Salyut 6 made use of environmental systems first used on Salyut 3, and controlled its orientation using gyrodynes first tested on that station.
The most important feature on Salyut 6, however, was the addition of a second docking port on the aft end of the station, which allowed two spacecraft to be docked at once. This, in turn, allowed resident crews to receive shorter, "visiting" expeditions whilst they remained on board, and for crew handovers to take place. In addition, it allowed Soyuz spacecraft that had exceeded their operating lifespan to be returned to Earth and replaced by fresh ones (the Soyuz 7K used from 1972 to 1981 had a maximal operating lifespan of three months). Such handovers, with one expedition vacating the station only after the next had arrived, permitted the long sought-after aim of continuous occupation to move a step closer. The very first long-duration crew to visit the station broke a long-standing endurance record set on board the American Skylab station, staying 96 days in orbit, whilst the longest expedition lasted 185 days. Some of the visiting expeditions were flown as part of the Intercosmos programme, with non-Soviet cosmonauts visiting the station. Vladimír Remek of Czechoslovakia, the first space traveller not from the US or USSR, visited Salyut 6 in 1978, and the station hosted cosmonauts from Hungary, Poland, Romania, Cuba, Mongolia, Vietnam, and East Germany.
The rearward of the two ports was fitted with plumbing to allow the station to be refueled by unmanned Progress spacecraft. These freighters, which brought supplies and extra equipment to keep the station replenished, helped ensure that the crew were always able to carry out useful scientific work aboard the station. In all, twelve Progress flights delivered over 20 tonnes of equipment, supplies and fuel.
The addition of the extra docking port caused the adoption of the Almaz-derived twin-chamber propulsion system first used on Salyut 3 and 5, with the two engine nozzles—each producing 2.9 kilonewtons of thrust—mounted peripherally on either side of the aft port. Salyut 6 introduced a Unified Propulsion System, with both the engines and the station's control thrusters running on unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide, drawn from a common set of pressurized tanks, allowing the refueling capabilities of the visiting Progress tankers to be exploited to the maximal effect. The entire engine and fuel storage assembly was contained within an unpressurized bay at the rear of the station, which had the same diameter as the main pressurized compartment. However, the replacement of the Soyuz engine used on previous stations with the bay meant that the station kept an overall length similar to its predecessors. The main engines could not be fired if the rear docking port was in use, hence any orbital maneuvers during this time had to be performed by the visiting spacecraft.
Salyut 6's propulsion system experienced a serious malfunction during the second crew residency in 1978 and was not usable again for the remainder of the station's lifespan. As a consequence, it was limited to firing its attitude-control thrusters, and visiting spacecraft had to perform orbital adjustments. After each crew residency ended, it was necessary for Progress and TKS spacecraft to boost the station into a high orbit, so it wouldn't decay until the next residency began.
To enable spacewalks, Salyut 6 was equipped with an inward-opening EVA hatch on the side of the forward transfer compartment, which could be used as an airlock in a similar way to the system used on Salyut 4. This compartment contained two new semi-rigid spacesuits, which allowed much greater flexibility than earlier suits and could be donned within five minutes in case of an emergency. Finally, the station offered considerable improvements in living conditions over previous outposts, with machinery being soundproofed, the crews being provided with designated "cots" for sleeping and the equipping of the station with a shower and extensive gymnasium.
Instruments
The primary instrument carried aboard the station was the BST-1M multispectral telescope, which could carry out astronomical observations in the infrared, ultraviolet and submillimetre spectra using a 1.5 metre-diameter mirror, which was operated in cryogenic conditions at around . The telescope could be operated only when Salyut 6 was on the night side of the Earth and had its cover closed for the rest of the time.
The second major instrument was the MKF-6M multispectral camera, which carried out Earth-resources observations. An improved form of a camera first tested on Soyuz 22, the camera captured an area of 165 × 220 kilometres with each image, down to a resolution of 20 metres. Each image was captured simultaneously in six bands in 1200-frame cassettes, which required regular replacement due to the fogging effects of radiation. Salyut 6 also featured a KATE-140 stereoscopic topographic mapping camera with a focal length of 140 millimetres, which captured images of 450 × 450 kilometres with a resolution of 50 metres in the visible and infrared spectra, which could be operated either remotely or by the resident crews. The photographic capabilities of the station were, therefore, extensive, and the Soviet Ministry of Agriculture had planted a number of specifically selected crops at test sites to examine the capabilities of the cameras.
To further expand its scientific capabilities, Salyut 6 was equipped with 20 portholes for observations, two scientific airlocks to expose equipment to space or eject rubbish, and various pieces of apparatus to carry out biological experiments. Later on during the flight, a Progress spacecraft delivered an external telescope, the radio observatory, which incorporated a directional antenna and five radiometers. The antenna was deployed on the rear docking assembly, with the controller remaining inside the station, and was used for both astronomical and meteorological observations.
Support craft
Salyut 6 was primarily supported by the manned Soyuz spacecraft, which carried out crew rotations and would also have been used in the event of an emergency evacuation. The ferries docked automatically to the station, making use of the new Igla automatic docking system, and were used by departing crews to return to Earth at the end of their flight.
The station was the first to be able to be resupplied by the newly developed unmanned Progress freighters, although they could only dock at the rear port, as the front port lacked the plumbing used to refuel the propulsion system. The freighters docked automatically to the station via the Igla, and were then opened and emptied by the cosmonauts on board, whilst transfer of fuel to the station took place automatically under supervision from the ground.
In addition to the Soyuz and Progress spacecraft, after the final crew had left, Salyut 6 was visited by an experimental transport logistics spacecraft called Kosmos 1267 in 1982. The transport logistics spacecraft, known as the TKS, was originally designed for the Almaz programme, and proved that large modules could dock automatically with space stations, a major step toward the construction of multimodular stations such as Mir and the International Space Station.
Resident crews
The station received 16 cosmonaut crews, including six long-duration crews, with the longest expedition lasting 185 days. Resident crew missions were identified with an EO prefix, whilst short-duration missions were identified with EP.
On 10 December 1977 the first resident crew, Yuri Romanenko and Georgi Grechko, arrived on Soyuz 26 and remained aboard Salyut 6 for 96 days.
On 15 June 1978, Vladimir Kovalyonok and Aleksandr Ivanchenkov (Soyuz 29) arrived and remained on board for 140 days.
Vladimir Lyakhov and Valery Ryumin (Soyuz 32) arrived on 25 February 1979 and stayed 175 days.
On 9 April 1980 Leonid Popov and Valery Ryumin (Soyuz 35) arrived for the longest stay on Salyut 6, 185 days. While aboard, on 19 July, they sent their greetings to the Olympians and wished them happy starts in the live communication between the station and the Central Lenin Stadium, where the opening ceremony of the 1980 Summer Olympics was held. They appeared on the stadium's scoreboard and their voices were translated via loud speakers.
A repair mission, consisting of Leonid Kizim, Oleg Makarov, and Gennady Strekalov (Soyuz T-3) worked on the space station for 12 days starting on 27 November 1980.
On 12 March 1981 the last resident crew, Vladimir Kovalyonok and Viktor Savinykh, arrived and stayed for 75 days.
Station operations
Docking operations
Dates and times are 24-hour Moscow Time. Source:
Station crews
Dates and times are 24-hour Coordinated Universal Time.
Spacewalks
Dates and times are 24-hour Coordinated Universal Time. Source:
See also
Timeline of longest spaceflights
References
Category:Salyut program
Category:Space stations
Category:1977 in the Soviet Union
Category:1977 in spaceflight
Category:Spacecraft launched in 1977
Category:Spacecraft which reentered in 1982 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Gianni Bongioanni
Giovanni (Gianni) Bongioanni (August 6, 1921 – January 21, 2018) was an Italian film director, screenwriter, cinematographer, camera operator, editor, writer and occasional actor. He was one of the earliest directors to adopt an authentic, neo-realistic approach to Italian film-making, and his film La svolta pericolosa (1959) is considered the first Italian television series. In addition, Bongioanni was actively involved in the Italian TV and radio broadcasting industries, in which he worked for several years before making his first feature film, Tre per una rapina (1964).
Life
Gianni Bongioanni was born in Turin on August 6, 1921. His mother was an housewife and his father was a turner. At the age of 11, he started working as a turner in his father's store while attending middle school. He found his life at home unsatisfying, and the cinema offered him the best chance of escape from this lifestyle. At the age of 5, he saw his first film (The Kid, directed by Charlie Chaplin) and was so excited by this film that he began to believe that his life could be just like an American film. Bongioanni began attending the two inexpensive cinemas below his house as often as he could; during the following years, he developed a love and an appreciation for American directors and actors. At the age of 11, he took up swimming in order to emulate the Austro-Hungarian American swimmer and actor Johnny Weissmuller, who played Tarzan in 1932. As a teenager, Bongioanni's two main passions were swimming and films.
In 1939, Bongioanni was introduced to Turin's CINEGUF, a Cinema Department founded within Turin University for students who wanted to enter the film industry. This gave him an excellent opportunity to gain experience as a camera operator. In 1941, he joined the Cinema Department of the General Staff of the Italian Royal Army, where he was able to view many of the best foreign films of the 1930s. As a result, he became familiar with the work of the most important and influential directors of the time, including Charlie Chaplin, Frank Capra, Fritz Lang, Ernst Lubitsch, William A. Wellman and Marcel Carné amongst others. Bongioanni was even able to watch the original versions of these films, because they had been taken from captured enemy ships. During this period, he also made several documentaries about the war.
In 1944, Bongioanni became the presenter of the radio station Radiotevere, based in Milan. Shortly afterwards, despite being only 23 years old, he became the director of the radio station. In 1946, after the end of the war, he started his career as a reviewer of films and radio shows at the magazine Film, which was directed by Mino Doletti. During this year, he wrote an article called Abbasso i tromboni! (Down with the Windbags!), in which he attacked the current state of Italian cinema, lambasting certain directors and actors who continued to create films in an antiquated style, despite the increasingly prevalent neo-realism of the period.
In 1952, Bongioanni joined the rising national TV and radio broadcasting company "RAI", becoming the technical manager of its Cinema Production Department under the direction of Sergio Pugliese. In 1957, he decided to begin making his own films. His first film, Filo d'erba (A Blade of Grass) was awarded the Prix Italia, an international radio and television prize. Later, between 1959 and 1967, Bongioanni was the producer and director in several TV productions which demonstrated his ability to understand detailed aspects of Italian society. These included La svolta pericolosa (The dangerous turn), which is considered the first Italian television series, Fine di una solitudine (The end of solitude) and La madre di Torino(A mother in Turin). In 1964, he made his first feature film, Tre per una rapina, an action film based on the life of a young Italian immigrant moving to Germany.
After directing various documentaries, Bongioanni returned to fiction in the 1970s with a series of TV series which are considered some of the best in Italian TV history. As a result, Bongioanni has been praised as a director who has tried to bring the painful, and often forgotten, truth to light.. These films marked him out as a keen observer of the harsh realities of Italian life. They included Dedicato a un bambino (Dedicated to a child), Una pistola nel cassetto (A gun in the drawer), Una donna (A Woman), Un matrimonio di provincia (A wedding in a small town), Mia figlia (My daughter) and several others.
In 2011, at the age of 90, Bongioanni decided to make a new film, Di quell'amor (On that love), collaborating with a small group of younger film-makers. This film is about love in old age.
Directing techniques
Bongioanni created films in the style of documentaries, with a direct sound and spontaneous acting (often using amateurs taken from the street) which requires little or no time to set up. He was also responsible for introducing talented new Italian actors such as Giuliana De Sio, Francesco Salvi, Maria Monti, Angiola Baggi and Carlotta Wittig to the film industry. His filming techniques frequently embedded fragmented editing and the narrator's commentary within the film. The result of this process is a film in which the narrator is able to express his thoughts, however abstract they may be, in the same style as a contemporary essay or novel.
Directing career
Radio broadcasts
Radiotevere (1945-1946)
Radiofiera (1946)
Dossier Giöngessy (1998)
Il naso di Mussolini (2000)
Documentaries
Giovani d'oggi (1959)
Il futuro delle Puglie (1962)
Chiamata urgente (1962)
I rotoli della Bibbia (1967)
La coltivazione del deserto (1967)
L'alimentazione del futuro (1969)
TV series
Filo d'erba (1957)
La svolta pericolosa (1959)
La madre di Torino (1967)
Dedicato ad un bambino (1971)
Una pistola nel cassetto (1973)
Una donna (1975)
Un matrimonio di provincia (1979)
Mia figlia (1982)
Giovanni da una madre all'altra (1983)
Follia amore mio (1986)
Piange al mattino il figlio del cuculo (1989)
Feature films
Tre per una rapina (1964)
Di quell'amor (2014)
Acting career
In 1967, Bongioanni played a very small part in Paolo Cavara’s film L'occhio selvaggio (The wild eye''). He has also occasionally acted in his own films.
Writing career
In 2003, Bongioanni published a book called RADIOTEVERE. This book is about his experiences as a young radio presenter and director towards the end of the Second World War. In 2008, he published another book, PROFESSIONE REGISTA (PROFESSION: DIRECTOR). This is an account of his professional life, from his early experience of the film industry in Turin to his troubled time in the world of Cinecittà.
Other information
Bongioanni's writing, research, editing and management of production is all carried out at his home in Rome. This allows him to have almost complete artistic control, as well as diminishing his expenses significantly.
Filmography and awards
Links
Gianni Gongioanni (German)
https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0094467/
http://www.mymovies.it/biografia/?r=7640
http://dirtypictures.phpbb8.de/sonstiges-aus-italien-f32/drei-von-uns-gianni-bongioanni-t5662.html
https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/227462/Follia-amore-mio/overview
References
Category:1921 births
Category:2018 deaths
Category:Italian directors
Category:Italian film directors | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
2007 Moroccan general election
Parliamentary elections were held in Morocco on 7 September 2007, the second of King Mohammed VI's reign. Voter turnout was estimated to be 37%, the lowest in Moroccan political history. There were 33 different parties and 13 independent candidates competing for 325 assembly seats. An amount of $61 million was allocated by the Moroccan government to organize the 2007 elections.
The number of constituencies was increased from 91 to 95 before this election. Interior minister Chakib Benmoussa claimed the changes were made "in accordance with objectivity and transparency." However, BBC correspondent Richard Hamilton accused the government of gerrymandering in order to prevent the Justice and Development Party from winning.
According to many analysts the complex voting system makes it almost impossible for any group to win an outright majority, although others have disagreed with this view, arguing that the electoral system is not particularly unusual and should favor large parties.. Whatever the outcome, real power will remain with the king, who is executive head of state, military chief and religious leader.
For the first time in the history of elections in Morocco, they are being monitored by foreign observers including the U.S.'s National Democratic Institute for International Affairs and 42 others.
Turnout in the election was only 37% - the lowest in the history of Moroccan national elections. The Socialist Union of People's Forces (USFP), the largest party in the outgoing government lost nearly a quarter of its seats, and was replaced as the largest party by its coalition partner, the Istiqlal Party. The main gainers were the pro-government liberal People's Movement and Constitutional Union parties. The opposition Islamist Justice and Development Party had a modest increase in its tally as did the pro-government leftist Party of Progress and Socialism.
Following the election the USFP was expected to leave the governing coalition. Istiqlal Party leader Abbas El Fassi became PM on 19 September 2007.
Results
External links
Official 2007 elections website
Political leaflets from the 2007 elections
References
Category:2007 elections in Africa
Category:Elections in Morocco
Category:2007 in Morocco | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
1990 in India
Events in the year 1990 in the Republic of India.
Incumbents
President of India – R. Venkataraman
Prime Minister of India – V. P. Singh until 10 November, Chandra Shekhar Singh
Chief Justice of India – Raghunandan Swarup Pathak until 25 September, Ranganath Misra
Events
January – An insurgency breaks out in Kashmir Valley, inflaming tensions with Pakistan. New Delhi dissolves the state assembly and imposes direct rule.
March – The last Indian troops are withdrawn from Sri Lanka.
15 April – Food poisoning kills 450 guests at an engagement party in Uttar Pradesh.
15 May – Agriculture and Rural Debt Relief Scheme providing debt relief up to 10,000 to small borrowers from Public Sector Banks and Regional Rural Banks announced.
4–10 May – Andhra Pradesh cyclone ravages southern India, killing nearly 1,000 people.
V P Singh announces implementation of Mandal commission report.
November – V.P. Singh resigns as prime minister and is succeeded by Janata Dal dissident Chandra Shekhar.
22 December – Venkitaramanan becomes Governor of RBI
Births
1 January – Ali Murtaza, cricketer.
5 February - Bhuvneshwar Kumar, cricketer.
19 May - Siddarth Kaul, cricketer.
02 July - Gajanan Chukabotalwar
23 July - Yuzvendra Chahal, cricketer.
3 September - Mohammed Shami, cricketer.
13 September – Dr.Poorva Mansabdar- Maxillofacial surgeon from Hyderabad, India
29 September- Saurabh Soni
3 October - Mr. Shriram Rayate - Renowned Marathi Poet, Pune
Maharashtra.
Deaths
14 January – Mani Madhava Chakyar, master Chakyar Koothu and Koodiyattam artist (b. 1899).
19 January – Rajneesh, aka OSHO mystic, guru and spiritual leader (b. 11 December 1931)
29 March – Adoor Bhasi, actor, writer, journalist, singer and film producer (b. 1927).
2 June – Shriram Sharma Acharya, seer, sage and Founder of the All World Gayatri Pariwar (b. 1911).
21 October – Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar, philosopher, author, social revolutionary, poet, composer and linguist (b. 1921).
30 September – Shankar Nag, actor and director (b. 1954).
30 October – Vinod Mehra, actor (b. 1945).
25 December – Chandrakant T. Patel, cotton scientist (b. 1917).
See also
Bollywood films of 1990
India
Category:Years of the 20th century in India | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Night Flight to Dakar
Night Flight to Dakar is an album by saxophonists Al Cohn and Billy Mitchell, pianist Dolo Coker, bassist Leroy Vinnegar and drummer Frank Butler recorded in Dakar in 1980 for Xanadu Records.
Reception
The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow stated "The performances may have been recorded during an African tour but the music is very much American bop with heated versions of "Blues Up and Down," "Sweet Senegalese Brown" and "The King" featuring the tenors in competitive form".
Track listing
"Night Flight to Dakar" (Dolo Coker) – 8:43
"Don't Let the Sun Catch You Cryin' (Joe Greene) – 6:43
"Blues Up and Down" (Gene Ammons, Sonny Stitt) – 9:13
"Sweet Senegelese Brown" (Billy Mitchell) – 12:10
"The King" (Count Basie) – 10:30
Personnel
Al Cohn, Billy Mitchell – tenor saxophone
Dolo Coker – piano
Leroy Vinnegar – bass
Frank Butler – drums
References
Category:1982 live albums
Category:Xanadu Records live albums
Category:Billy Mitchell (jazz musician) live albums
Category:Al Cohn live albums
Category:Dolo Coker live albums
Category:Albums produced by Don Schlitten | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Social Democratic Party (Japan)
The , also known as the and previously as the , is a political party that at various times advocated the establishment of a socialist Japan until 1996. Since its reformation and name change in 1996, it has defined itself as a social-democratic party.
The party was reformed in January 1996 by the majority of legislators of the former Socialist Party of Japan which was Japan's largest opposition party in the 1955 system. However, most of the legislators joined the Democratic Party of Japan after that. Five leftist legislators who did not join the SDP formed the New Socialist Party which lost all its seats in the following elections. The SDP enjoyed a short period of government participation from 1993 to 1994 as part of the Hosokawa cabinet and later formed a coalition government with the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) under 81st Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama of the JSP from 1994 to January 1996. The SDP was part of ruling coalitions between January and November 1996 (first Hashimoto cabinet) and from 2009 to 2010 (Hatoyama cabinet).
After the 2019 House of Councillors election, it has four representatives in the national Diet, two in the lower house and two in the upper house.
History
1940s–1970s
Socialist and social-democratic parties have been active in Japan under various names since the early 20th century, often suffering harsh government repression as well as ideological dissensions and splits.
The party was originally known as the Social Democratic Party of Japan (SDPJ) and was formed in 1945 following the fall of the militarist regime that had led Japan into World War II. At the time, there was serious conflict inside the party between factions of the right and the left and the party's official name in English became the Japanese Socialist Party (JSP) as the left-wing had advocated. The right had wanted to use the older SDPJ.
The party became the largest political party in the first general election under the Constitution of Japan in 1947 (143 of 466 seats) and a government was formed by Tetsu Katayama, forming a coalition with the Democratic Party and the Citizens' Cooperation Party. However, the Katayama government collapsed due to the rebellion of communists in the party. The party continued the coalition with the Democrats under Prime Minister Hitoshi Ashida; but the cabinet was engulfed by the Shōwa Denkō scandal, the largest corruption scandal during the occupation, allowing Shigeru Yoshida and the Liberal Party to return to government. In the period following the end of World War II, the Socialists played a key role in the drafting of the new Japanese constitution, adding progressive articles related to issues such as health, welfare and working conditions.
The party was split in 1950–1951 into the Rightist Socialist Party, consisting of socialists who leaned more to the political centre; and the Leftist Socialist Party, formed by hardline left-wingers and socialists. The faction farthest to the left formed a small independent party, the Workers and Farmers Party, espousing Maoism from 1948 to 1957. The two socialist parties were merged in 1955 and joined the Socialist International that year.
The new opposition party had its own factions, although organised according to left-right ideological beliefs rather than what it called the feudal personalism of the conservative parties. In the 1958 general election, the party gained 32.9 percent of the popular vote and 166 out of 467 seats. This was enough result to block the attempt of constitutional amendment by the Kishi Nobusuke-led government.
However, the party was again split in 1960 because of internal conflicts and the assassination of Inejiro Asanuma and the breakaway group (a part of the old Right Socialist Party of Japan, their most moderate faction) created the Democratic Socialist Party, although the party was preserved. After that, the party's percentage of the popular vote and number of seats gradually declined. However, the party performed well on a local level and by the 1970s many areas were run by SDPJ mayors and governors (including those who were endorsed by the SDPJ), who introduced new social programmes.
1980s
In the double election of July 1986 for both Diet houses, the party suffered a rout by the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) under Yasuhiro Nakasone and its seats in the lower house fell from 112 to an all-time low of eighty-five and its share of the vote from 19.5 percent to 17.2 percent. Nonetheless, its popular chairwoman Takako Doi led it to an impressive showing in the 1990 general election, with 136 seats and 24.4 percent of the vote. Some electoral districts had more than one successful socialist candidate. Doi's decision to put up more than one candidate for each of the 130 districts represented a controversial break with the past because unlike their LDP counterparts many party candidates did not want to run against each other. However, the great majority of the 149 socialist candidates who ran were successful, including seven of eight women.
Doi, a university professor of constitutional law before entering politics, had a tough, straight-talking manner that appealed to voters tired of the evasiveness of other politicians. Many women found her a refreshing alternative to submissive female stereotypes and in the late 1980s the public at large in opinion polls voted her their favorite politician (the runner-up in these surveys was equally tough-talking conservative LDP member Shintarō Ishihara). However, Doi's popularity was of limited aid to the party. The powerful Shakaishugi Kyokai (Japan Socialist Association) which was supported by a hardcore contingent of the party's 76,000-strong membership remained committed to doctrinaire Marxism, impeding Doi's efforts to promote what she called perestroika and a more moderate program with greater voter appeal.
In 1983, Doi's predecessor as chairman Masashi Ishibashi began the delicate process of moving the party away from its strong opposition to the Self-Defense Forces. While maintaining that these forces were unconstitutional in light of Article 9, he claimed that because they had been established through legal procedures, they had a legitimate status (this phrasing was changed a year later to say that the Self-Defense Forces exist legally). Ishibashi also broke past precedent by visiting Washington to talk with United States political leaders.
By the end of the decade, the party had accepted the Self-Defense Forces and the 1960 Japan–United States Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security. It advocated strict limitations on military spending (no more than 1 percent of GNP annually), a suspension of joint military exercises with United States forces and a reaffirmation of the three non-nuclear principles (no production, possession, or introduction of nuclear weapons into Japanese territory). Doi expressed support for balanced ties with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea). In the past, the party had favored the Kim Il-sung regime in Pyongyang and in the early 1990s it still refused to recognize the 1965 normalization of relations between Tokyo and Seoul. In domestic policy, the party demanded the continued protection of agriculture and small business in the face of foreign pressure, abolition of the consumption tax and an end to the construction and use of nuclear power reactors. As a symbolic gesture to reflect its new moderation, the party dropped its commitment to socialist revolution at its April 1990 convention and described its goal as social democracy, the creation of a society in which "all people fairly enjoy the fruits of technological advancement and modern civilization and receive the benefits of social welfare". Delegates also elected Doi to a third term as party chairwoman.
Because of the party's self-definition as a class-based party and its symbiotic relationship with the General Council of Trade Unions of Japan (Sōhyō), the public-sector workers' confederation, few efforts were made to attract non-union constituencies. Although some Sōhyō unions supported the Japanese Communist Party, the party remained the representative of Sohyo's political interests until the merger with private-sector unions and the Japanese Trade Union Confederation (Rengō) in 1989. Because of declining union financial support during the 1980s, some party Diet members turned to dubious fund-raising methods. One was involved in the Recruit affair. Like other parties, it sold large blocks of fund-raising party tickets and the LDP even gave individual party Diet members funds from time to time to persuade them to cooperate in passing difficult legislation.
1990s
The party acquired seventy seats (down from 137) in the 1993 general election while the LDP lost its majority in the lower house for the first time since the 1983 general election and was out of government for the first time in 38 years. The anti-LDP coalition government of Morihiro Hosokawa was formed by reformists who had triggered the 1993 election by leaving the LDP (Japan Renewal Party and New Party Sakigake), a liberal party formed only a year before (Japan New Party), the traditional centre-left opposition (Kōmeitō, Democratic Socialist Party and Socialist Democratic Federation) and the Democratic Reform Party, the political arm of the Rengō trade union federation, together with the JSP. In 1994, the JSP and the New Sakigake Party decided to leave the non-LDP coalition. The minority Hata cabinet lasted only a few weeks. The JSP then formed a grand coalition (dai-renritsu) government with the LDP and the New Party Sakigake under Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama, leader of the party from 1993 to 1996. Most of the other parties from the anti-LDP coalition forced back into opposition, united to form the New Frontier Party (NFP) and overtaking the JSP as second largest political party in Japan. The JSP lost in the 1995 House of Councillors election.
In January 1996, the New Socialist Party split off, Murayama resigned as Prime Minister and the JSP changed its name from the JSP to the Social Democratic Party (SDP) as an interim party for forming a new party. However, a movement for transforming the SDP into a new social-democratic and liberal party was unsuccessful. Under Murayama's successor Ryūtarō Hashimoto (LDP), the SDP remained part of the ruling coalition. Long before the disappointing result in the 1996 general election, the party lost the majority of its members of the House of Representatives, mainly to predecessors of the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) that was formed in 1996, but also some to the NFP and other opposition parties. After its electoral defeat in the 1996 general election when it lost another 15 of its remaining 30 seats in the lower house, the SDP left the ruling coalition which it had entered as the second largest force in Japanese politics as a minor party.
2000s–2010s
The SDP won six seats in the 2003 general election, compared with 18 seats in the previous 2000 general election. Its motives against the Self-Defense Forces have reverted into abolishing it in the long term, returning into its opposition against the force it had applied in the 1950s.
Doi had been the leader since 1996, but she resigned in 2003, taking responsibility for the election losses. Mizuho Fukushima was elected as the new party leader in November 2003. In the 2004 House of Councillors elections, the SDP won only two seats, having five seats in the House of Councillors and six seats in the House of Representatives. In 2006, the party unexpectedly gained the governorship of the Shiga Prefecture. In the 2009 general election, the DPJ made large gains and the SDP maintained its base of 7 seats in the, becoming a junior partner in a new government coalition. However, disagreements over the issue of the Futenma base led to the sacking of Fukushima from the cabinet on 28 May and the SDP subsequently voted to leave the ruling coalition.
As of October 2010, the SDP had six members in the House of Representatives and four members in the House of Councillors.
Following the 2012 general election, the party retained only six seats in the whole of the Diet, two in the House of Representatives and four in the House of Councillors. The count lowered to five seats in 2013.
In 2013, the party's headquarters in Nagatacho, where the party's predecessor the JSP had moved in 1964, were demolished. The headquarters moved to a smaller office in Nagatacho.
During the nomination period of the 2016 House of Councillors election, the party signed an agreement with the Democratic, Communist and People's Life parties to field a jointly-endorsed candidate in each of the 32 districts in which only one seat is contested, thereby uniting in an attempt to take control of the House from the LDP/Komeito coalition. The party had two Councillors up for re-election and fielded a total of 11 candidates in the election, 4 in single and multi-member districts and 7 in the 48-seat national proportional representation block.
In the 2017 general election, the party managed to hold to its two seats it had prior to the election. Tadatomo Yoshida declined to run for re-election when his term expired in January 2018. Seiji Mataichi was elected unopposed in the ensuing leadership election and took office on 25 February 2018.
Current policies
Party policies include:
Defend Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan and declare cities defenseless so that they will not resist in the event of invasion.
Advocate a significant increase in the scope of social welfare such as healthcare, pensions, social security and disability care.
Opposition to neoliberalism and neoconservatism.
Complete disarmament of Japan in accordance with pacifist principles. The Japanese Self-Defense Force will be replaced with a force dedicated to disaster relief and foreign aid.
Cancellation of the United States–Japan military alliance, dismantling of United States bases in Japan and replacing it with a Treaty of Friendship.
Opposition to Japan's involvement in supporting the United States in the war against terror through refueling of American warships in the Indian Ocean.
Introduction of an environmental carbon tax.
Significant increase in the scope of wildlife protection legislation, increasing the number of protected species and setting up of protection zones.
Transition from a mass-production/mass-consumption society to a sustainable society in coexistence with nature.
Clampdown on harmful chemicals, e.g. restriction on use of agricultural chemicals, ban on asbestos, tackling dioxin and soil pollutants.
Increased investment in public transport, encouraging a switch from road to rail and from petrol powered buses to hybrids, electric vehicles and light rail transit.
Opposition to nuclear power and proposal of a gradual switch to wind energy as the nation's base energy source.
Abolition of the death penalty.
Opposition to water privatization.
Legalization of same-sex marriage.
Leaders
Election results
General election results
Councillors election results
Current Diet members
House of Representatives
Kantoku Teruya (Okinawa-2nd)
Hajime Yoshikawa (Kyushu PR, contested Oita-2nd)
House of Councillors
Up for re-election in 2019
Seiji Mataichi (National PR)
Up for re-election in 2022
Mizuho Fukushima (National PR)
See also
Democratic Party of Japan
Democratic Socialist Party (Japan)
Leftist Socialist Party of Japan
List of political parties in Japan
Politics of Japan
Rightist Socialist Party of Japan
Itsurō Sakisaka
Notes
References
External links
Official website
Category:Full member parties of the Socialist International
Category:Social democratic parties in Japan
Category:Political parties established in 1945
Category:Pacifism in Japan
Category:Pacifist parties | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Santiago Patiño
Santiago Patiño (born 10 March 1997) is a Colombian footballer who currently plays as a forward for Orlando City. Having played college soccer for the FIU Panthers, he was selected third overall in the 2019 MLS SuperDraft by Orlando City.
Club career
Youth and college
Patiño was born in Medellín, Colombia and moved to Orlando, Florida aged 12 where he played for Orlando City’s Development Academy and Freedom High School.
He played college soccer at Florida International University from 2015 to 2018, scoring 37 goals in 69 matches. He was a three time All-Conference USA selection and named MAC Hermann Trophy semifinalist in his junior year.
Prior to his professional deal, Patiño spent the summer of 2016 in the NPSL with Kraze United and also played in the PDL with both SIMA Águilas and Seattle Sounders U-23.
Orlando City
Before they selected him in the draft, Orlando City had tried to sign Patiño as a Homegrown Player but the move was controversially blocked by MLS. The team's Executive VP of soccer operations Luiz Muzzi continued to argue the case throughout the Combine and events leading up to the draft stating "We feel like the league did us wrong on this one." Orlando eventually decided to draft him with their #3 overall pick despite the selection being seen as a reach with Orlando City head coach James O'Connor describing the move as "a message to all our other homegrowns." He made his professional debut on March 16, 2019 in a 3–1 defeat to Montreal Impact, coming on as a 74th minute substitute and assisting Dom Dwyer's goal in stoppage time.
International
In August 2019, Patiño received his first international call up to the Colombia U-23 training camp ahead of the Tokyo 2020 Olympics.
Career statistics
Club
References
External links
Category:1997 births
Category:Living people
Category:Colombian footballers
Category:Colombian expatriate footballers
Category:Association football forwards
Category:SIMA Águilas players
Category:Seattle Sounders FC U-23 players
Category:Orlando City SC players
Category:Orlando City SC draft picks
Category:Colombian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Category:Expatriate soccer players in the United States
Category:Major League Soccer players
Category:FIU Panthers men's soccer players
Category:All-American men's college soccer players
Category:Footballers from Medellín | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Grace Ciao
Grace Ciao is a fashion illustrator from Singapore.
Early life
Ciao was born in Singapore.
Education
Ciao graduated with a degree in business from National University of Singapore.
Career
Ciao is known for her illustrations using real flower petals and watercolor painting.
Ciao grew up developing an interest in fashion, trying to recreate the designs she saw on TV and in magazines. She began using petals for illustration after wanting to preserve a red rose that was given to her. Her designs are mainly dresses, using natural form of each flower on her illustrations, so each piece has an element of realism as well as fantasy. She has created illustrations for companies such as Chanel, Christian Dior, and Fendi.
References
External links
Grace Ciao official website
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people
Category:National University of Singapore alumni
Category:Fashion illustrators
Category:Watercolorists
Category:Singaporean women painters
Category:Singaporean women illustrators | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Yaroslavl Global Policy Forum
Yaroslavl Global Policy Forum was a series of high-level conferences organized in Yaroslavl, Russia, during the term of Dmitry Medvedev as President of the Russian Federation. The forum, which targeted foreign experts, was established in 2009 by Medvedev, who determined that Valdai Discussion Club was too closely linked to Vladimir Putin. The Yaroslavl Forum was organized around Medvedev's birthday, which occurred around the same time as Putin's Valdai conference.
Medvedev gave significant speeches at the forum, including a speech at the September 2010 forum (entitled "The Modern State: Standards of Democracy and Criteria of Efficiency"), in which Medvedev "told a large audience of academics, politicians, and economists ... that parliamentary democracy would provide a 'catastrophe' for Russia" by leading to social upheaval and turmoil. Among the notable persons who attended the forums were Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi and American Nobel laureate economic Paul Krugman, and Michael McFaul. The conferences were "largely presented as the Russian equivalent of the annual World Economic Forum in Davos." However, as Medvedev's influence waned, the Global Policy Forum "soon exhausted its potential ... and became nearly forgotten."
References
Category:Yaroslavl
Category:Dmitry Medvedev
Category:Global economic conferences | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Schloss Hartheim
Schloss Hartheim, also known as Hartheim Castle, is a castle at Alkoven in Upper Austria, some from Linz, Austria. It was built by Jakob von Aspen in 1600, and it is a prominent Renaissance castle in the country. The building became notorious as one of the Nazi Euthanasia killing centers, where the killing program Action T4 took place.
In 1898, Prince Camillo Heinrich Starhemberg (1835 – 1900) donated the castle as a gift to the Upper Austria Charity Organization. With the help of additional donations, they used the castle from the beginning of the 20th century as a psychiatric institution (German: Psychiatrische Anstalt, but originally called the Idioten-Anstalt).
History to 1940
Hartheim lies in the middle of the so-called Eferding Basin, that runs along the River Danube from Ottensheim to Aschach an der Donau. As early as 1130 a family with the name Hartheim is mentioned in the records. They were vassals of the bishops of Passau. In 1287 three brothers, Conrad, Peter and Henry of Hartheim, were named as owners of the castle as part of a barter arrangement with the Wilhering Abbey. In any case by 1323 another family was named as the owners. Until the middle of the 14th century the site consisted mainly of just one tower, subsequently a residence was added and it was surrounded by a small wall with ramparts and ditches.
After changing hands several times the castle ended up in the possession of the Aspen family, who probably built the castle into its present shape. At the beginning of the 1690s they had a completely new castle built conforming to perceptions of the ideal Renaissance style with a regular four-winged building with four polygonal corner towers and a higher central tower.
In 1799 George Adam, Prince of Starhemberg, purchased the castle. But by 1862 the castle was in a rather poor condition, as a contemporary report describes:
Doors, windows and ovens are entirely missing, ... and several ceilings must be replaced.
In 1898 Camillo Henry, Prince of Starhemberg, made a present of the castle building, the outbuildings and some land to the Upper Austrian State Welfare Society (Oberösterreichischen Landeswohltätigkeitsverein or OÖ. LWV). It was intended to use further donation to convert the building into an "Idiot's Institute" as it was described at the time. In addition between 1900 and 1910 major renovation and conversion work was carried out to enable the building to be used as a care home for mentally handicapped people. In 1926 a staircase was dismantled and replaced by a bed lift.
Nazi era and aftermath
Following Hitler's euthanasia decree in 1939, Hartheim was selected as one of six euthanasia centres in the Reich. Between May 1940 and December 1944, approximately 18,000 people physically and mentally disabled were killed at Schloss Hartheim by gassing and lethal injection as part of the T-4 Euthanasia Program, named after the infamous Berlin address "Tiergartenstrasse 4". These included about twelve thousand prisoners from the Dachau and Mauthausen concentration camps who were sent here to be gassed, as were hundreds of women sent from Ravensbrück concentration camp in 1944, predominantly sufferers of TB and those deemed mentally infirm . The castle was regularly visited by the psychiatrists Karl Brandt, Professor of Psychiatry at Würzburg University, and Werner Heyde. In December 1944 Schloss Hartheim was closed as an extermination centre and restored as a sanatorium after being cleared of evidence of the crimes committed therein.
In 1946, Alice Ricciardi-von Platen, a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who practised near Linz, Austria, was invited to join the German team observing the so-called Doctors Trial in Nuremberg. The trial was presided over by American judges, who indicted Karl Brandt and 22 others. The 16 who were convicted included Dr. Josef Mengele; seven were sentenced to death. Her 1948 book, Die Tötung Geisteskranker in Deutschland, ("The killing of the mentally ill in Germany"), was judged a scandal by German medical professionals.
After World War II, the building was converted into apartments. Beginning in 1969, the gas chamber was opened to visitors. Hartheim Castle is now a Memorial Site dedicated to the thousands of physically and mentally handicapped persons who were murdered here by the Nazis.
See also
Nazi Euthanasia Programme - Action T4
Action 14f13
Further reading
Angela Gluck Wood, Holocaust - the events and their impact on real people Foreword by Steven Spielberg. Lots of photos. DK Publishing (2007)
Sources
Pierre Serge Choumoff, Les Assassinats Nationaux-Socialistes par Gaz en Territoire Autrichien, Vienna, Bundesministerium für Inneres, 2000,
Nazi Medicine and the Nuremberg Trials (PDF) Table of contents, introduction and index only.
Eutanasia, le radici dello sterminio
References
External links
Schloss Hartheim - official site
Category:Castles in Upper Austria
Category:Museums in Upper Austria
Category:History museums in Austria
Category:World War II museums
Category:Monuments and memorials in Austria | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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1885 in Sweden
Events from the year 1885 in Sweden
Incumbents
Monarch – Oscar II
Prime Minister – Robert Themptander
Events
- The newspapers Borlänge Tidning and Social-Demokraten were founded.
- Creation of the Wahlström & Widstrand
- Women are allowed to become members of the Swedish Publicists' Association, and 14 women are inducted as members.
- Johanna Hedén founded Göteborgs Barnmorskesällskap (The Gothenburg Midwifery Association), the first union for women in Sweden.
- The government comity of Girl School Committee of 1885 is established to reform female education: Sophie Adlersparre and Hilda Caselli are two of the members, making them the first female members of a government committee.
Births
15 January – Claës König, nobleman, military officer and horse rider (died 1961).
16 July – Carl Jonsson, tug-of-war competitor (died 1966).
30 July – Carl Wilhelm Rubenson, mountaineer (d. 1960).
28 October – Per Albin Hansson, politician, prime minister (died 1946).
Deaths
1 January - Pilt Carin Ersdotter, famed beauty (born 1814)
27 January - Andreas Bruce, transsexual (born 1808)
11 January - Helga de la Brache, con artist (born 1817)
7 February - Betty Pettersson, first female university student (born 1838)
References
Category:1885 in Sweden
Category:Years of the 19th century in Sweden
Category:1885 by country | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
No Wising Up No Settling Down
No Wising Up No Settling Down is a solo studio album by American hip hop artist Sole. It was released on May 1, 2013. It includes contributions from Gold Panda, The Hood Internet, Dosh, Ceschi, Man Mantis, Skyrider, Cars & Trains, and Loden. Music videos were created for "I Think I'm Emma Goldman" and "Extremophile".
Production
Meant to be a sequel to A Ruthless Criticism of Everything Existing, No Wising Up No Settling Down is the second installment in the Ruthless Criticism of Everything Existing series. It "focuses more on the personal and social/philosophical aspects of the class struggle", abandoning the "overtly political song writing for a more subtle, honest, experimental and poetic approach."
Track listing
References
External links
Category:2013 albums
Category:Sole (hip hop artist) albums | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Polina (film)
Polina () is a 2016 French drama film directed by Valérie Müller and Angelin Preljocaj, based on the graphic novel Polina by Bastien Vivès. The film was screened as part of the Venice Days programme at the 73rd Venice International Film Festival.
Plot
As a child Polina auditions for ballet school and is accepted. She catches the eye of the head teacher and choreographer, Bojinski, who is particularly hard on her because he senses her talent. However she continuously struggles with the rigidity of training for ballet and her own passion for dance.
Polina is accepted into the Bolshoi Ballet which for years had been the dream of her teachers and family. However, after witnessing a different type of dance at a festival, Polina decides to go to Aix-en-Provence and audition for a modern dance school there alongside her boyfriend, Adrien. They are both accepted though she is warned that modern dance is very different from the classical training she is used to. Polina struggles with the choreography and is criticized for focusing on her work to the exclusion of everything else. During a rehearsal she injures her ankle and is quickly replaced by her understudy, Sonia, who begins an affair with Adrien. When Polina heals she asks for her role in the show back, but the choreographer, Liria, tells her she is not emotionally ready. Frustrated, Polina leaves the company.
Polina ends up in Antwerpen where she calls the number of the first dance company she sees. There she auditions for a strange man who tells her that since she is a dancer and they both know she can dance he wants her to make him feel something. The audition is unsuccessful and Polina leaves, but before she does she sees a man teaching dance to kids. Polina is unable to find work elsewhere. Starving and homeless she eventually is able to scrape up a waitressing job at a bar. She returns to the site of her unsuccessful audition and meets Karl, the dancer who teaches improv. She attends one of his classes and begins to enjoy dancing once more. Encouraged by Karl, Polina choreographs a duet for the two of them to dance.
Polina's father dies and she goes to Moscow where her mother tells her that her father always wanted her to be a great dancer. Polina returns to Antwerpen where she and Karl perform their piece for a programmer who books them into the Montpellier Festival.
Cast
as Polina
Veronika Zhovnytska as Young Polina
Juliette Binoche as Liria Elsaj
Aleksei Guskov as Bojinski
Jérémie Bélingard as Karl
Niels Schneider as Adrien
Sergio Díaz as Sergio
Miglen Mirtchev as Anton
Kseniya Kutepova as Natalia
Ambroise Divaret as Alex
Oriana Jimenez as Svetlana
References
External links
Category:2016 films
Category:2010s drama films
Category:French-language films
Category:Russian-language films
Category:French drama films
Category:French films
Category:Directorial debut films
Category:Films based on French comics
Category:French dance films
Category:2010s dance films | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Duin Tower
The Tower of Duin is the last remaining tower of a former medieval castle located on a hill south of Bex, Switzerland.
History
The castle was built during the 13th century and subsequently abandoned in 1641 after it was burnt during the Burgundian wars. The former castle was connected to the Ergnaud Castle.
References
Category:Bex
Category:Castles in Vaud | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Yolande Welimoum
Yolande Marcelle Welimoum (born October 9, 1988) is a Cameroonian actress, director and screenwriter. She studied performing arts and cinematography at the University of Yaoundé I. Her 2016 screenplay Heritage came in second place at the first edition of the Concours du Scenario Festival, which was co-organized by the Ecrans Noirs Festival of Yaounde, GIZ and KFW. Heritage addresses the plight of Cameroonian women inheriting family properties, and was adapted into a fictional drama film of the same name. Welimoum premiered the film at Films Femmes Afrique, a festival dedicated to women's topics. While speaking to Deutsche Welle about sexual abuse in Africa's film industry, she said she regularly defends herself against unwanted advances from male directors. Welimoum was one of three people announced as winners of the 20th Écrans Noirs competition.
Selected filmography
Heritage
References
Category:1988 births
Category:Living people
Category:Cameroonian filmmakers
Category:Cameroonian women film directors
Category:Cameroonian actresses
Category:Cameroonian women writers
Category:21st-century Cameroonian writers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Oersdorf
Oersdorf is a municipality in the district of Segeberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It was founded in 1496.
References
Category:Municipalities in Schleswig-Holstein
Category:Segeberg | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
William Lauder Lindsay
Dr William Lauder Lindsay FRSE FLS LRCS (19 December 1829-24 November 1880) was a Scottish physician and botanist. As a physician he largely worked in the field of mental health. As a botanist he specialised in lichens.
Life
He was born on 19 December 1829 at 20 Gardners Crescent in western Edinburgh the son of Helen Baird Lauder (1804-1883) and her husband James Lindsay of Register House/HM Sasine Office (1804-1874).
He was educated at the High School in Edinburgh (being dux of 1844) then studied medicine at the University of Edinburghreceiving his doctorate (MD) in 1852. In 1853 he began working as an assistant physician at the Crichton Royal Asylum in Dumfries. In 1854 he moved to be Physician at the Murray Royal Asylum in Perth and held this role until 1879.
In 1858 he was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society (FLS) and in 1861 a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposer for the latter was John Hutton Balfour. The Society gave him the Neill Prize of 1859 for his work on lichens.
In 1861 and 1862 he took an extended trip to New Zealand later winning a silver medal in the New Zealand Exhibition of 1865 for services to Botany. He also made several trips to northern Europe.
He died of exhaustion and malnutrition brought on by extreme dyspepsia on 24 November 1880 at his home at 3 Hartington Gardens in Edinburgh. He was aged 50. He is buried with his parents in Dean Cemetery in western Edinburgh. The grave lies on a short curved path in the south-west of the cemetery.
Publications
Lindsay was a regular contributor to the British Medical Journal, other works include:
The History of British Lichens (1856)
Contributions to New Zealand Botany (1868)
Memoirs on the Spermogenes and Pycnides of Lichens (1870)
The Superannuation of Officer in British Hospitals (1875)
Mind in the Lower Animals in Health and Disease (1879)
Family
In 1859 he married Elizabeth Reid, daughter of William Paterson Reid WS of Demarara. She died in 1863. They had one daughter, Marion Jane Lindsay, who married Dr Francis Haultain of Edinburgh.
His elder brother Wallace Lindsay (1827-1857) was also a physician, serving in the army. His younger brother David Patrick Lindsay (1831-1871) worked at General Register House.
References
Category:1829 births
Category:1880 deaths
Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Category:19th-century Scottish medical doctors
Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Category:People from Edinburgh
Category:Lichenologists
Category:History of mental health in the United Kingdom | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Marble Brewery
Marble Brewery may refer to:
Marble Brewery (Albuquerque, New Mexico), an American brewery
Marble Brewery (Manchester, England), a British brewery | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Art Directors Guild Award for Excellence in Production Design for a Period Film
The Art Directors Guild Award for Excellence in Production Design for a Period Film is one of the annual awards given by the Art Directors Guild starting from 2000.
This award was combined with Excellence in Production Design for a Fantasy Film from 2000 to 2005, and is now in its own category from 2006.
Winners and nominees
Movies marked with a dagger (†) won the Academy Award for Best Production Design. Movies marked with a double dagger (‡) were Academy Award nominees.
2000–2005 (Fantasy or Period)
2006–2009 (Period)
2010s
References
Category:Art Directors Guild Awards
Category:2000s in American cinema
Category:2010s in American cinema | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Robert S. Wyer
Robert S. Wyer Jr. is a visiting professor at the University of Cincinnati and Professor (Emeritus) at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. He received his doctoral degree from the University of Colorado. His research interests cut across numerous areas of social information processing, including knowledge accessibility, comprehension, memory, social inference, the impact of affect on judgment and decisions, attitude formation and change, and consumer judgment and decision making.
Personal life
It was a somewhat circuitous path that led Bob Wyer to the field of social psychology. Raised in upstate New York, he received degrees in electrical engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (1957) and New York University (1959). After working for two years at Bell Telephone Laboratories, he became concerned that he might have missed out on a classic liberal arts education, and enrolled in graduate school in social psychology at the University of Colorado, receiving his Ph. D. in 1962. Working with O. J. Harvey and William Scott, he began to investigate questions of cognitive organization and social information processing, establishing the themes that have guided his scholarship throughout his career. On completion of his doctoral studies, Wyer held academic appointments at the University of Iowa and the University of Illinois at Chicago Circle. In his earliest work, he investigated a range of fundamental questions about the nature of social beliefs, attitudes, and judgment. He developed a comprehensive view of the cognitive bases of judgment and inference in his first major book, Cognitive Organization and Change: An Information Processing Approach (1974). In 1973, he moved to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he spent the next several decades of his research career. During that time, he began to develop a full-fledged social-cognitive perspective on topics such as attitudes, attribution, and impression formation, and became recognized as one of the most prolific scholars in the history of social psychology. Upon retiring from Illinois in 1995, he embarked on a research career in consumer information processing, holding visiting positions at the Hong Kong University of Hong Kong (1998-2009), the Chinese University of Hong Kong (2011-2017) and the University of Cincinnati (2017-2019) with an interim appointment in marketing at the University of Illinois (2009-2011)
Research
Dr. Wyer is the author or coauthor of four books, the most recent being Social Comprehension and Judgment (2004). He is the editor of several others including the Handbook of social cognition, the Advances in social cognition series and Understanding culture: Theory, research and application (with Chi-yue Chiu and Ying-yi Hong). He has published numerous journal articles and book chapters and was cited as having published the greatest number of articles in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology in the first 30 years of its inception. He has published at least one article or book chapter in each of the 55 years since receiving his Ph.D. and has been the director of 46 doctoral dissertations at UI, HKUST and CUHK.
Services and Honors
Dr. Wyer is a former editor of the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology and, more recently, the Journal of Consumer Psychology, and has served on the editorial boards of numerous journals. He is a recipient of the Alexander von Humboldt Special Research Prize for Distinguished Scientists in 1981, the Thomas M. Ostrom Award for Distinguished Contributions to Person Memory and Social Cognition in 1998, and Distinguished Scientific Contribution Awards from the Society of Experimental Social Psychology in 2008 and the Society for Consumer Psychology in 2011 and was elected as a Fellow of the latter society in 2016. A tribute to his contribution to the field of social cognition was made by the book, "Foundations of Social Cognition: A Festschrift in Honor of Robert S. Wyer, Jr.".
References
Sources
Wyer, Robert S. (1974), Cognitive Organization and Change: An Information Processing Approach. Hillsdale; New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Bodenhausen, Galen V. and Alan J. Lambert (2003). Foundations of Social Cognition: A Festschrift in Honor of Robert S. Wyer Jr. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Wyer, Robert S. (2004). Social Comprehension and Judgment: The Role of Situation Models, Narratives, and Implicit Theories, Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Quinones-Vidal, E., Lopez-Garcia, J., Penaranda-Ortega, M., & Totosa-Gil, F.(2004). The nature of social and personality psychology as reflected in JPSP, 1965-2000. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86,435-452.
Wyer, Robert S., Chi-yue Chiu, and Ying-yi Hong (2009). Understanding Culture: Theory, Research, and Application. NY, New York: Psychology Press.
External links
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Faculty Website
Access to Dr. Wyer's CV
Thomas M. Ostrom Award
Category:Living people
Category:University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign faculty
Category:University of Colorado alumni
Category:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
Category:Scientists at Bell Labs
Category:Scientists from New York (state)
Category:Academics of Chinese University of Hong Kong
Category:Year of birth missing (living people) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Eve Ash
Eve Ash is a Melbourne-based psychologist, motivational speaker, filmmaker, author and entrepreneur. Eve is the CEO and founder of Seven Dimensions and co-created the Cutting Edge Communication Comedy series starring Erin Brown and Emmy-award winning Kim Estes. Eve’s books Rewrite Your Life! and Rewrite Your Relationships! were co-written with Rob Gerrand and published by Penguin Books. Her documentary Shadow of Doubt about the murder of Bob Chappell and conviction of Susan Neill-Fraser was nominated for best feature documentary at the AACTA Awards.She produced and stars in a 6 part TV series: Undercurrent: True Murder Investigation. Her latest film, Man on the Bus, won the audience award at the Jewish International Film festival 2019. Eve was a Director/ Board Member of the Australian Film Institute and Film Victoria (formerly the Victorian Film Corporation).
Early life, family and education
Eve Ash was born in 1951 to Polish Jewish Holocaust survivors Feliks and Martha Ash who had emigrated to Melbourne Australia, two years previously with Eve’s older sister, Helen, settling in Murrumbeena. Feliks was in the Janowska concentration camp where he and fellow inmate Leon Wells broke out on November 19, 1943. In Melbourne, he established a successful sports clothing business (Feliks Ash Industries), while Martha’s artistic interests and talent for languages provided a stimulating home environment for her two girls.
Eve attended Kilvington Grammar School, followed by Shelford Girls' Grammar and Mac.Robertson Girls High between 1965-1968. After graduating with a B.Sc. (Hons.) degree in psychology from Monash University and a B.Ed. (Counselling) degree from La Trobe University, Eve worked for the Federal Government as a psychologist and trainer.
Eve subsequently founded her business Seven Dimensions in 1979, with the mission of self-financing and producing comedy business films. She has two children.
In 2008, many years after her parents died, Eve uncovered a family secret that compelled her to “rewrite” her own life. After the results of DNA testing, Eve discovered that she was in fact the love-child of a long-standing clandestine affair. Her biological father was alive and well, working full-time as Australia’s oldest land surveyor. The story forms the basis of Eve’s award-winning documentary Man on the Bus - released in 2019.
Eve has two children and two grandchildren. Her sister Helen Schamroth lives in New Zealand.
Personal Awards
Australian Businesswomen’s Hall of Fame – Australian Business Women’s Network (2000)
National Winner – 1999 Telstra Business Women’s Awards, Westpac Business Owner Awards
Victorian Winner – 1999 Telstra Businesswoman of the Year Awards (Bank of Melbourne Business Owner)
Victorian Winner – American Chamber of Commerce Market Place Forum Public Speaking (1997)
ADESIC Award for Outstanding Contribution to the Australian Education & Training Industry (1989)
Seven Dimensions (7D)
In 1979, Eve Ash founded Seven Dimensions.
In 1988 co-founded Ash.Quarry Productions with fellow psychologist Peter Quarry.
Seven Dimensions (7D) has produced hundreds of videos including the Switch On Series for culture change and the children’s animated series Finding My Magic with Cathy Freeman.
In 2012, with US comedienne Erin Brown, Eve devised and produced the Cutting Edge Communication Comedy Series, the Cutting Edge English Series and the Cutting Edge Success at Work Series. By 2016 Eve had produced 150 of the Cutting Edge videos.
From 2015 - 2020 Eve has produced 94 Insights & Strategies videos and over 150 microlearning videos.
Seven Dimensions & Film Awards
2019 Jewish International Film Festival – Audience Award: Best Documentary Film, Man On The Bus.
2019 Indie Fest Film Awards – Award of Excellence: Jewish, Award of Excellence: Documentary Feature, Award of Excellence: Editing, Award of Merit Special Mention: Viewer Impact: Entertainment Value, Award of Merit Special Mention: History / Biographical, Award of Merit Special Mention: On-Camera Talent (Eve Ash), Award of Merit Special Mention: Sound Editing / Sound Mixing, Award of Merit: Original Score (Man on The Bus by Cezary Skubiszewski), Man On The Bus.
2019 Accolade Global Film Competition Awards – Award of Excellence: Documentary Feature, Award of Excellence: On-Camera Talent, Award of Excellence: Women Filmmakers, Award of Merit Special Mention: History / Biographical, Award of Merit Special Mention: Original Score (Man on the Bus by Cezary Skubiszewski), Award of Merit Special Mention: Editing, Man On The Bus.
2019 Burbank International Film Festival – semi-finalist, Man On The Bus.
2019 Colorado International Film Festival – award winner, Man On The Bus.
2015 Best Shorts, Winner- Award of Recognition, Boosting Emotional Intelligence - Cutting Edge Communication Comedy Series, USA
2015 Accolade Global Film Competition, Wnner -Awards of Merit, Boosting Emotional Intelligence - Cutting Edge Communication Comedy Series, USA
2011 Columbus International Film Festival, Certificiate of Honorable Mention, Herpes: The Secret is Out, USA
2010 Nevada Film Festival, Silver Screen Award Winner, Finding My Magic, USA
2010 GIAA Festival ofShort Films & Videos, NY, Best Animation, Finding My Magic, USA
2010 Chris Awards, Columbus International Film Festival, Bronze Plaque, Finding My Magic, USA
2010 Questar Awards, Silver Award, Finding My Magic, USA
2003 US International Film & Video Festival, Gold Camera Award, Boomerang, USA
Documentaries
Eve’s latest documentary is the award winning Man on The Bus, 2019, about her own family investigation into her parents’ holocaust experiences and her mother’s secret that changes everything. Premiering in Australia at the Jewish International Film festival, and in Connecticut USA at the New Haven International Film festival and the Colorado Film Festival. It has won 15 awards including Award of Excellence: Documentary Feature at Accolade Global Film Competition Awards and Award of Excellence: Jewish at Indie Fest Film Awards.
Eve directed and produced an acclaimed documentary Shadow of Doubt, about the conviction of Tasmanian grandmother Susan Neill-Fraser for the murder of Bob Chappell. It won a CINE Golden Eagle award and was also nominated for Best Feature Documentary at the 2014 AACTA Awards. Eve's efforts to overturn Sue Neill-Fraser’s conviction have generated considerable media publicity. Eve has continued to work on this case with former detective Colin McLaren through to 2018, and teaming up with cinematographer Tim Smart, and production company CJZ she has produced the TV series Undercurrent for the Seven Network.
Books and writing
Eve Ash and Rob Gerrand co-wrote Rewrite Your Life! and Rewrite Your Relationships! Published by Penguin Books. Eve is lead writer on people problems for business publication SmartCompany where over 500 of her blogs have been published since 2007.
References
Category:1951 births
Category:Living people
Category:Australian filmmakers
Category:Australian Jews
Category:Australian motivational speakers
Category:Australian psychologists
Category:Australian women chief executives
Category:Australian women writers
Category:La Trobe University alumni
Category:Monash University alumni | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Rusty Stevens
Robert "Rusty" Stevens is an American former child actor best remembered for his role as Larry Mondello, Theodore "Beaver" Cleaver's young friend, in the original Leave It to Beaver television series. Stevens appeared in 68 of the show's 235 episodes, between 1957 and 1960.
Career
Stevens was reported to have left the show in 1960 because his family moved from Burbank to Philadelphia. Barbara Billingsley, who played "June Cleaver" on the series, said in a TV Archive interview that Stevens was dropped because his overbearing mother caused grief for the producers of the series.
Stevens briefly returned to the screen when he reprised his role as Larry Mondello in the 1983 made-for-television reunion movie Still the Beaver and again in 1989 for the series finale of The New Leave It to Beaver.
References
External links
Category:1948 births
Category:American male television actors
Category:American male child actors
Category:Living people
Category:Male actors from Boston
Category:Male actors from Los Angeles | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Gigantotrichoderes conicicollis
Gigantotrichoderes conicicollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Tippmann in 1953.
References
Category:Torneutini
Category:Beetles described in 1953 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Séamus Doyle
Séamus Doyle (Gaelic: ) (1885–30 April 1971) was an Irish Sinn Féin politician. He had previously been a brigade adjutant of the Irish Volunteers in the 1916 Rising in Enniscorthy, being was one of the officers who went under military escort to Dublin to receive from Padraig Pearse the order to surrender. After the Rising he was sentenced to death, which later was commuted to a five year period of imprisonment. He was imprisoned in Ireland and England from his arrest in 1916 to June 1917 when released. He arrested in December 1920, and detained until July 1921 following his election to the Dáil.
He was elected unopposed as a Sinn Féin Teachta Dála (TD) to the 2nd Dáil at the 1921 elections for the Wexford constituency. He opposed the Anglo-Irish Treaty and voted against it. He was elected as an anti-Treaty Sinn Féin TD at the 1922 general election but did not take his seat. He did not contest the 1923 general election.
Doyle died in Enniscorthy in 1971.
References
External links
Category:Year of birth missing
Category:1971 deaths
Category:Early Sinn Féin TDs
Category:Members of the 2nd Dáil
Category:Members of the 3rd Dáil
Category:Politicians from County Wexford
Category:People of the Irish Civil War (Anti-Treaty side) | {
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RGS-50M
The RGS-50M is a smoothbore single-shot break-action Russian grenade launcher manufactured by Degtyarev Plant.
It is mainly intended for less than lethal (riot gun) and door breaching law enforcement roles, but it is also capable of firing lethal projectiles.
Description
The RGS-50M is a smoothbore single-shot break-action Russian grenade launcher manufactured by Degtyarev Plant. It is mainly intended for less than lethal (riot gun) and door breaching law enforcement roles, but it is also capable of firing lethal projectiles.
Ammunition
Rubber baton, rubber buckshot, teargas grenade, FRAG grenade, Smoke grenade:
GS-50 tear gas
GSZ-50 flashbang
EG-5Q shock-effect rubber baton round
EG-50M shock-effect rubber pellets buckshot
GO-SO lethal fragmentation grenade
GK-50 lethal shaped-charge grenade
GV-5Q door-buster
GD-50 instantaneous smoke screen
BK-50 glass-breaking
GS-50M improved tear gas grenade
GS-50PM training grenade
History
The development of the RGS-50M started in the mid-1980s with the first few production models made in the late 1980s, back then known as the RGS-50. In the 1990s, the development of the RGS-50M started with a folding foregrip installed.
Variants
RGS-50 - Original version
RGS-50M - Upgraded version with improved trigger, stock and recoil buffer
Users
Current
: Known to be ordered in 2014 for Ministry of Interior.
Former
: RGS-50s bought by the KGB.
See also
GM-94
AGS-40 Balkan
RGM-40 Kastet
RGSh-30
DP-64
DP-65
MRG-1
References
Category:Grenade launchers of Russia
Category:Riot guns
Category:Riot control weapons
Category:Teargas grenade guns
Category:Degtyarev Plant products | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Halolaelaps areolatus
Halolaelaps areolatus is a species of mite in the family Halolaelapidae.
References
Category:Arachnids
Category:Articles created by Qbugbot
Category:Animals described in 1946 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Christian Döring (Bible publisher)
Christian Döring (c. 1480 after 1533) was a 16th-century figure of the Reformation, a wealthy goldsmith and one of the first publishers of the Bible in native German.
Life
He was born in Frankfurt around 1480. In 1508 he successfully applied for citizenship in Berlin. In June 1508 he went to Altenburg, then decided to settle in Wittenberg (which was a centre of new thought at that time). He lived at 26 Schlossstrasse, close to the market. Here he befriended Lucas Cranach the Elder, who was a neighbour, as was Christoph Balzer. He set up shop as a goldsmith on the town marketplace. He was made city treasurer soon after arrival. Other friends included Thomas Muntzer, Philip Melanchthon and Johann Bugenhagen, all of whom became leading figures in the Reformation.
Martin Luther lived a little to the east and borrowed Döring's cart to undertake his famous trip to Worms in 1519. Due to this relationship, when Luther wrote the first translation of the Bible in German, Döring agreed to organise and pay for the printing, along with his friend, Lucas Cranach.
In September 1522 he printed and published the first Bible written in German: Luther's "September Testament". A pivotal point in the Reformation, the rapid demand for copies made him an even richer man. From 1523 Döring bought out Cranach's share to be the sole holder of the rights.
He last appears in Wittenberg on 14 December 1533, when the records declare him bankrupt. His house on Schlossstrasse was then occupied by Johann Schneidewein. He left Wittenberg in or before April 1534. He sold his rights to the printing of the Bible, leading to a new wave of printing in 1534.
Family
He was married (by Martin Luther) to Barbara (d. 1564), granddaughter of Thomas von Blankenfelde, mayor of Berlin (d. 1504). Their daughter married Johann Schneidewein (1519-1568) who was a professor at the university. The couple lived in Döring's house on Schlossstrasse.
A second daughter, Margarethe, married George Reich who was one of the people persecuted in Wittenberg by Hans Kohlhase in 1536.
A third daughter, Martha, married Martin Luther, namesake of his famous uncle and family friend, Luther. Following his death she married the Zwickau musician Jodocus Schalreuter.
Publications
Luther's New Testament in German (September 1522) aka the September Testament
References
Category:People from Wittenberg
Category:Martin Luther
Category:15th-century births
Category:16th-century deaths
Category:Year of birth uncertain
Category:Year of death unknown | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
2016 Washington elections
A general election was held in the U.S. state of Washington on November 8, 2016. A primary was held on August 2.
At the time of the filing deadline of May 20, 2016, 682 candidates have filed for 345 offices statewide.
Federal
President of the United States
Washington has 12 electoral votes for the presidential election, which are projected to be awarded to Hillary Clinton.
Statewide party caucuses and primaries were held in the spring of 2016 to determine the allocation of state delegates to the respective Democratic and Republican party national conventions. Bernie Sanders won the Democratic caucus in March, defeating Hillary Clinton and taking 73 percent of delegates; Donald Trump won the Republican primary, taking 76 percent of delegates. A non-binding primary for the Democratic party held in May resulted in a victory for Hillary Clinton.
United States House of Representatives
All 10 of Washington's seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for re-election. All but one of the incumbents ran for re-election, the exception being Jim McDermott (D) of the 7th district. McDermott's seat was won by Pramila Jayapal (D). The remaining seats were retained by the incumbents.
United States Senate
Incumbent Democratic senior Senator Patty Murray ran for re-election to a fifth term in office, defeating Republican challenger Chris Vance by 18 points.
Statewide
Attorney General
Incumbent Attorney General Bob Ferguson, elected in 2012 as a Democrat, sought reelection, opposed by Joshua B. Trumbull, who ran as a Libertarian.
Governor
Incumbent Governor Jay Inslee was re-elected to his second term over Port of Seattle Commissioner Bill Bryant.
Lieutenant Governor
Incumbent Lieutenant Governor Brad Owen, first elected to the office in 1996, announced that he would not seek a sixth term.
Four Democrats (three of whom were state senators), four Republicans, two third-party candidates, and one independent competed in the primary election. Marty McClendon (R) and Cyrus Habib (D) finished as top two and advanced to the general election, where Habib won by 9 points.
Public Lands Commissioner
Incumbent Public Lands Commissioner Peter J. Goldmark, elected in 2008 and reelected in 2012, announced his intention to not seek a third term in office.
Five Democrats, one Republican, and one Libertarian competed in the primary. Steve McLaughlin (R) and Hilary Franz (D) finished as top two and advanced to the general election. Franz was elected with 53% of the vote.
Secretary of State
Incumbent Secretary of State Kim Wyman, elected in 2012 as the only Republican to hold a statewide office on the West Coast, is seeking reelection. Former Seattle City Councilmember Tina Podlodowski announced her bid in January 2016, seeking to become the first Democrat to hold the office since 1965. Wyman retained her seat with 55% of the vote.
State Auditor
Incumbent State Auditor Troy Kelley, elected as a Democrat in 2012, was indicted over federal charges of felony theft and money-laundering. Several attempts to remove him from office, including a threat of impeachment by the legislature, proved unsuccessful. Kelley did not file to run for a second term.
Two Democratic, one Republican and two independent candidates competed in the primary. Mark Miloscia (R) and Pat McCarthy (D) finished as top two and advanced to the general election. McCarthy won by 5 points.
State Treasurer
Incumbent James McIntire announced on December 16, 2015, that he would not seek a third term as Washington State Treasurer. Five candidates are running to succeed him: state senator Marko Liias, former Port of Seattle commissioner Alec Fisken, pension consultant John Paul Comerford, Benton County treasurer Duane Davidson, and investment firm executive Michael Waite. Liias, Fisken, and Comerford are running as Democrats; Davidson and Waite, as Republicans.
Duane Davidson and Michael Waite, both Republicans, finished as top two in the primary election and advanced to the general election, where Davidson won the position.
Superintendent of Public Instruction
Incumbent Randy Dorn declined to run for a third term as Superintendent of Public Instruction. Nine candidates ran in the nonpartisan election. Erin Jones and Chris Reykdal finished as top two and advanced to the general election. In a close race, Reykdal edged out Jones by one point. Jones conceded the election on November 22.
Legislative
State Senate
Twenty-five of the forty-nine seats in the Washington State Senate were up for election. Republicans held a narrow majority in the Senate, taking 26 seats compared to 23 for the Democrats. Seven incumbent senators retired, creating vacancies that had the potential to swing the split of party votes. A Democrat defeated the Republican incumbent in District 41, leaving Republicans with a one-seat majority.
State House of Representatives
All 98 seats in the Washington House of Representatives were up for election. The outgoing House had a narrow Democratic majority, with 50 seats compared to the Republicans' 48. Both parties picked up seats from the other party, resulting in the same overall composition.
Ballot measures
Washington Initiative 732 proposed a revenue-neutral carbon tax to fight global warming. The measure would have imposed a fee on carbon dioxide emissions within the state, decreased the state's sales tax and business tax, and expanded the state's version of the earned income tax credit. It was rejected by voters on November 8.
Local elections
Sound Transit 3, a $54 billion tax measure to fund public transit expansion under the Sound Transit special district (which contains portions of King, Pierce and Snohomish counties) was approved by voters.
See also
Elections in Washington (state)
References
External links
Elections & Voting at the Washington Secretary of State
Washington at Ballotpedia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Raimon Arola
Raimon Arola Ferrer (born 1956, in Tarragona), Doctor of Art History and professor at the University of Barcelona is one of the leading specialists in sacred symbolism, Art and Hermetic tradition. He has given numerous seminars in different universities and has collaborated in the journal La Puerta. In his work he constantly returns to traditional sources and researches into various research projects and groups. He is currently the director of Arsgravis and participates in the research group Aula Música Poètica. All his many publications have international recognition, he is a writer of subjects as fundamental as that of the Kabbalah and Alchemy in the Spiritual Tradition of the West (15th-17th Centuries) (Olañeta, 2012), Alchemy and Religion and The 17th century Hermetic Symbols (Siruela, 2008).
Publications
(2012) La cábala y la alquimia en la tradición espiritual de Occidente (siglos XV-XVII). Palma de Mallorca: José J. de Olañeta.
(2011) El símbolo en la espiritualidad contemporánea.
(2008) Alquimia y religión. Los símbolos herméticos del siglo XVII. Barcelona: Siruela.
(2006) Raimon Arola (ed.). Creer lo increíble. Lo antiguo y lo nuevo en la historia de las religiones. Tarragona: Arolas editors.
(2003) El buscador del orden. Tarragona: Arola editors. .
(1999) Los amores de los dioses. Mitología y alquimia. Barcelona: Altafulla.
(1997) El tarot de Mantegna. Barcelona: Altafulla.
(1995) Las estatuas vivas. Ensayo sobre arte y simbolismo. Barcelona: Obelisco.
(1990) Textos y glosas sobre el arte sagrado. Barcelona: Obelisco.
(1986) Simbolismo del templo. Barcelona: Obelisco.
(1985) L'arbre, l'home i el tremp. Barcelona: Obelisco.
References
Category:People from Tarragona
Category:Spanish art historians
Category:Spanish essayists
Category:Spanish male writers
Category:University of Barcelona faculty
Category:1956 births
Category:Living people
Category:Male essayists | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Prescription Drug User Fee Act
The Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) was a law passed by the United States Congress in 1992 which allowed the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to collect fees from drug manufacturers to fund the new drug approval process. The Act provided that the FDA was entitled to collect a substantial application fee from drug manufacturers at the time a New Drug Application (NDA) or Biologics License Application (BLA) was submitted, with those funds designated for use only in Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) or Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) drug approval activities. In order to continue collecting such fees, the FDA is required to meet certain performance benchmarks, primarily related to the speed of certain activities within the NDA review process.
History
The move towards imposing user fees to pay for the regulatory review of new medicines was the result of dissatisfaction among consumers, industry, and the FDA. All three groups felt that drug approvals were taking far too long. Pharmaceutical companies had to wait to begin to recoup the costs of research and development. The FDA estimated that a delay of one month in a review’s completion cost its sponsor $10 million. The FDA argued that it needed additional staff to end its back-log of drugs awaiting approval for market. The FDA had not received sufficient appropriations from Congress to hire them. For decades the FDA had asked for permission to implement user fees and the pharmaceutical industry generally opposed them, fearing that the funds would not be used to speed drug review. The 1992 law became possible when the FDA and industry agreed on setting target completion times for reviews and the promise these fees would supplement federal appropriations instead of replacing them.
AIDS epidemic
The length of the drug approval process fell under severe scrutiny during the early years of the AIDS epidemic. In the late 1980s, ACT-UP and other HIV activist organizations accused the FDA of unnecessarily delaying the approval of medications to fight HIV and opportunistic infections, and staged large protests, such as a confrontational October 11, 1988, action at the FDA headquarters which resulted in roughly 180 arrests. In August 1990, Louis Lasagna, then chairman of a presidential advisory panel on drug approval, estimated that thousands of lives were lost each year due to delays in approval and marketing of drugs for cancer and AIDS. Partly in response to these criticisms, the FDA introduced expedited approval of drugs for life-threatening diseases and expanded pre-approval access to drugs for patients with limited treatment options. All of the initial drugs approved for the treatment of HIV/AIDS were approved through accelerated approval mechanisms. For example, a "treatment IND" was issued for the first HIV drug, AZT, in 1985, and approval was granted 2 years later, in 1987.
AIDS activists, desperate for new treatments, were outraged at the cost of those first drugs and the slow pace of drug development. These activists bombarded the government and drug companies with complaints and public protests. The activists won a major victory in 1989, when Burroughs Wellcome implemented a 20% price cut on AZT, then still the only treatment for HIV. Even after this price concession, the 12-pill-per-day AZT regimen cost patients $6,400 a year. AIDS activists expressed their anger by trashing booths at medical conventions and continuing vocal public protests. Gradually, drug companies established relationships with AIDS activists and the two sides came together to improve clinical trials. By August 1991, relations had warmed up so much that ACT-UP founder Larry Kramer wrote Bristol-Myers Squibb chief Richard Gelb a letter of congratulations on the imminent approval of Videx. AIDS groups fought for the reauthorization of the Orphan Drug Act and the passage of the Prescription Drug User Fee Act in 1992.
PDUFA I
The Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) was first enacted in 1992. PDUFA gives the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) a revenue source, fees paid by pharmaceutical companies seeking the approval of new drugs, to supplement but not replace direct appropriations from Congress. PDUFA was passed in order to shorten the length of time from a manufacturer’s submission of a New Drug Application or a Biologics License Application to an FDA decision approval or licensure.
Congress created three kinds of user fees via PDUFA and required that they each make up one-third of the total fees collected. These include application review fees paid by the sponsor for each drug or biologic application submitted, establishment fees paid by manufacturers annually for each of its facilities, and product fees paid annually for each product on the market covered by PDUFA. For 1993, the application review fee was about $100,000. The law provided exemptions and waivers for applications from small businesses, drugs aimed at orphan diseases, or unmet public health needs.
In order to avoid listing specific performance goals in statutory language Congress stated in the bill’s “Findings” that, "3) the fees authorized by this title will be dedicated toward expediting the review of human drug applications as set forth in the goals identified in the letters of September 14, 1992, and September 21, 1992, from the Commissioner of Food and Drugs to the Chairman of the Energy and Commerce Committee of the House of Representatives and the Chairman of the Labor and Human Resources Committee of the Senate, as set forth at 138 Cong. Rec. H9099-H9100 (daily ed. September 22, 1992)."
PDUFA II
In its 1997 reauthorization of PDUFA, Congress enacted stricter performance goals, required increased transparency in the drug review process, and tried to facilitate better communication between drug makers and patient advocacy groups. Congress expanded the scope of the legislation to include the investigational phases of a new drug’s development. PDUFA II was passed as Title I of the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act.
When Congress was debating the legislation that implemented PDUFA II Rep. Billy Tauzin, who later became head of PhRMA and one of those leading the call for a further streamlined review process, told a story of how a family friend had to travel to Mexico to obtain drugs that helped him overcome prostate cancer. "We continue to have problems with the fact that approved medicines in other countries can't get approved here. But what I particularly can't understand at all are situations where you have people suffering terminal illnesses, and they can't get the experimental drugs that might save their lives."
In testimony before Congress, James Swire, an AIDS activist and health educator who became infected with HIV in 1990, said the FDA has dramatically reduced the time needed to approve life-saving drugs using the money from PDUFA. Swire said, "I'm here because people really pushed the review process for AIDS and HIV treatments. There still is not a cure, but because of some of the new drugs, a lot of us have been able to get back to work."
PDUFA III
PDUFA III, part of the Public Health and Bioterrorism Preparedness Act, made appropriations for increased postmarket monitoring of new products and allowed the FDA to hire additional personnel to speed the reviews of new drugs. Another 2002 statute extended user fee policies to cover the approval process for medical devices.
During the period that PDUFA III was in effect the FDA's requirement that drug companies pay user fees for 505(b)(2) applications to switch drugs from requiring a prescription to being sold over-the-counter became a source of controversy. The drug industry claimed that the FDA misinterpreted the section of PDUFA III authorizing user fees when deciding to charge for reviewing 505(b)(2) applications. Specifically, they said Congress only intended user fees to be paid on new indications for a new active ingredient and that switching a drug to over-the-counter status was an exception to the rule requiring user fees.
In February 2007 the FDA exempted drugs used in the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) from user fees in order to reduce the financial burden of developing new AIDS drugs.
PDUFA IV
The FDA requested and received fee increases to cover increased reviewer workload and expanded post-marketing safety initiatives, as well as the authority to apply user fees to the monitoring of direct-to-consumer drug advertising. President Bush signed the reauthorization of PDUFA into law on 27 September 2007.
In 2007, the FDA was expected to collect $259,300,000 in industry user fees.
PDUFA V
The reauthorization process for PDUFA V began with a public hearing in April 2010. The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) strongly supported reauthorization of PDUFA, saying at the time that “PDUFA V can play a critical role in making more life-saving medicines available to patients in a timely manner, strengthening the scientific base of the FDA and providing a steady, reliable stream of resources for Agency scientists."
PDUFA was reauthorized in July 2012. PDUFA's fifth reauthorization calls for upgrading benefit/risks assessments of new medicines as well as call for more patient perspectives in the review process.
Effectiveness
Increased staffing
A 2002 U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) report found that PDUFA funds allowed the FDA to increase the number of new drug reviewers by 77 percent in the first eight years of the act, and the median approval time for non-priority new drugs dropped from 27 months to 14 months over the same period.
Review times
A major PDUFA goal is for the FDA to review and provide a ruling on applications within one year unless significant changes are made to the application during the last three months of the review cycle. In a 1997 speech given prior to leaving the FDA David Kessler said, "So far we have reviewed 95% of the 1995 group on time. We won't reach 100%, however, because we did make a mistake: we misread a deadline on a computer printout and we missed one deadline by three days." The PDUFA goal for the 1995 group called for a 70% on-time record. The 95% on-time rate more than doubled the pre-PDUFA on-time level of about 40%. Kessler said the FDA achieved similar positive results with other PDUFA goals, including in its review time for efficacy supplements (requests to add a new indication or a new group of patients to an already approved drug), submissions for manufacturing supplements (for making significant changes in the way a drug is made or using a new manufacturing facility) and resubmissions (responses provided to questions or alleged deficiencies raised by the FDA).
From 1993 through 1996, the years PDUFA I was in effect, the approval time for new drugs declined significantly while the number of new products increased. The approval time for NDAs in the 8 years before the implementation of PDUFA I was roughly 31.3 months. During this period, the approval time exceeded 30 months in every year except 1990 when it was 27.7 months and 1992 when it was 29.9 months. From 1993 through 1996, the average approval time fell to 20.8 months. During this period, the approval time for new drugs never exceeded 30 months. According to the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America drug review time was cut roughly in half after the passage of PDUFA I.
Drug launches
Faster drug approval times and other PDUFA-related changes have led to pharmaceutical companies targeting more drugs for first launch in the United States thus increasing patient access to new medicines. Faster drug review from 1990 to 2001 were found to increase the probability of a drug being launched first in the United States by 14%. Other changes made under PDUFA such as the increased probability of approval and shortened development periods increased the probability of a drug being first launched in the United States by 31 percent at the end of PDUFA I and 27 percent at the end of PDUFA II.
During the eight years before PDUFA took effect, an average of 24 new drugs were approved each year. The number of approvals ranged from 20 in 1988 to 30 in 1991. During the four years that PDUFA I was in effect, an average of 32 drugs were approved each year, ranging from 22 in 1994 to 53 in 1996. The average number of new drugs approved by the FDA each year increased by one-third.
First drug launches making use of new chemical entities in the United States increased from 44 from 1982 through 1992 to 156 in from 1993 through 2003 period. The increase in first drug launches in the United States from 1993 through 2003 is particularly interesting given that the European Union harmonized its regulatory regime for new drugs with those of other major markets in order to reduce barriers for drug approvals during the same period.
Regulator-industry communication
David Kessler described improved communication between the FDA and the drug industry on what data should be included in NDAs as an important benefit of PDUFA. He said, "For example, in fiscal year 1993, 34 of the new applications that came into the FDA were sent back to the company because they were poorly prepared or missing critical information. In fiscal year 1996 six applications were refused for these reasons – a more than fivefold improvement."
PDUFA dates
PDUFA dates are deadlines for the FDA to review new drugs. The FDA is normally given 10 months to review new drugs. If a drug is selected for priority review, the FDA is allotted 6 months to review the drug. These time frames begin on the date that an NDA is accepted by the FDA as complete.
Scale of fees
FDA calculates fees based on an annual basis. For fiscal year 2018, drug application fees are:
$2,421,495 per full application requiring clinical data,
$1,210,748 per application not requiring clinical data or per supplement requiring clinical data.
$304,162 for programs
The FDA estimates that operating costs for the year 2017 will be $878,590,000. The FD&C Act specifies that one-third of the total fee revenue is to be derived from application fees, one-third from establishment fees, and one-third from product fees (see section 736(b)(2) of the FD&C Act). FDA estimates that in 2016, 2,646 products will have been billed for product fees and 523 establishments will have been billed for establishment fees.
In 2015, 132.5 full application equivalents (FAEs) were charged an application fee. FAEs are calculated by counting a full application as one FAE and an application not requiring clinical data or a clinical data supplement as half an FAE.
An application that is withdrawn, or refused for filing, counts as one quarter of the original FAE. For a full application this is one quarter FAE, and for an application without clinical data or a clinical data supplement this is an eighth of an FAE.
FDA budget
User fees imposed under PDUFA are expected to add $707 million to the FDA budget in 2011, roughly a quarter of the agency's total spending. User fees cover roughly 65 percent of the drug approval process.
References
Category:Pharmaceuticals policy
Category:Food and Drug Administration | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Here I Am (Blue System album)
Here I Am is the thirteenth and last album of Blue System. It was published in 1997 by BMG Ariola and was produced by Dieter Bohlen. The album contains 11 new tracks.
There were two single releases: "Anything" (November 1997) and "Love Will Drive Me Crazy" (January 1998).
Track listing
Charts
External links
Category:Blue System albums
Category:1997 albums
Category:BMG albums | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
La mort du disque
"La mort du disque" is a song by French hip hop duo Casseurs Flowters and produced by Orelsan. It is the 8th track from their debut studio album, Orelsan et Gringe sont les Casseurs Flowters, where its title is "19h26 – La mort du disque". Although it hasn't been officially released as a single, the song entered the French Singles Chart at number 57 on 16 November 2013, and has since peaked at that same position.
Music video
The music video was released on November 4, 2013, and follows Casseurs Flowters members Orelsan and Gringe as they go about their day destroying numerous CDs in different ways using a variety of tools, from their own bodies to conventional tools such as drills and steel cut off saws, to unorthodox tools such as guitars and toasters, as they think the music was so bad they needed to destroy them.
Track listing
Digital download
"19h26 – La mort du disque" – 2:42
Chart performance
References
Category:2013 songs
Category:Orelsan songs
Category:Casseurs Flowters songs
Category:French hip hop songs
Category:Songs written by Orelsan
Category:Songs written by Gringe | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Rock goby
The rock goby (Gobius paganellus) is a small coastal goby of eastern Atlantic waters, from Scotland to Senegal. It is also reported from the Mediterranean and Black Seas, and is a anti-Lessepsian migrant in the Gulf of Eilat and Red Sea. There are unconfirmed records from the area around Pointe Noire in Congo-Brazzaville.
Description
The rock goby is usually black with white blotches - although the male is much more black when guarding the eggs. The neck area lacks scales and there is a pale band on the top of first dorsal fin. Both dorsal fins lack black spots on their leading edges. This species can reach a length of TL and has been known to live for ten years.
Distribution and habitat
The rock goby is found in the temperate East Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. Its range extends from western Scotland southwards to the Azores and Senegal, most of the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. It sometimes migrates through the Suez Canal to the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba. It prefers rocky sea floors below the low tidemark, although it can be found in larger rock pools in Summer. It may also live in fresh or brackish water. It can be found at depths of from .
Behaviour
The rock goby eats small crabs and amphipods, polychaetes, larvae and small fish. The juvenile diet includes Calanus, a copepod, and mites.
Reproduction
The rock goby reproduces in spring. It nests in rocky areas near the kelp forest, Up to 7000 eggs are laid, in a single layer, under rocks and shells. The eggs (up to 7000) are laid in a single layer (2.5 mm in height) and guarded aggressively by the male. The eggs hatch in about 19 days.
References
rock goby
Category:Fish of the East Atlantic
Category:Fish of the Adriatic Sea
Category:Fish of the Mediterranean Sea
Category:Fish of the Black Sea
Category:Marine fauna of North Africa
rock goby | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Rudgy Pajany
Rudgy Pajany (born Jérôme Pajany, on 6 July 1990 in Dakar) is a French singer specialised in covers of 1960's, 1970's and 1980's songs. He is more particularly known for his titles Mistral Gagnant (out in 2013) and En Silence (out in 2015)
Biography
Rudgy Pajany has gained some international notoriety owing to diffusion through medias of the whole world (Italy, United States, France) of his Mistral Gagnant and En Silence covers.
In 2016 the album Pluie D'été was out, the first single of which was En Silence. This album also includes a song written by Hervé Vilard for Rudgy Pajany, J'ne serai jamais
Discography
Albums
Mes Jours (2014)
Pluie d'été (2015)
Pluie D'été édition spéciale (2018)
Next album (2018)
During his last interview at the radio station Chérie80’s, the artist announced his next album would be out in 2018.
Singles
MIstral Gagnant (2013)
La Bohème (2014)
En Silence (2015)
Objectif Terre (2015)
Mon Amant de St Jean (2016)
Maman (2017)
References
External links
Official website
Interview with Rudgy Pajany on chérie 80's
Category:French male singers
Category:1990 births
Category:Living people
Category:21st-century French singers
Category:French people of Indian descent
Category:21st-century male singers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
2005 Liège–Bastogne–Liège
The 2005 Liège–Bastogne–Liège was the 91st edition of the Liège–Bastogne–Liège, one of the five monuments of cycling. Alexander Vinokourov was able to beat Jens Voigt after they had broken away from the pack 72 km from the end. Michael Boogerd took the last spot on the podium after countering an attack from Cadel Evans on the final climb of the day.
Results
References
External links
Race website
2005
Category:2005 UCI ProTour
Category:2005 in Belgian sport | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Museum of Asian Art
The Museum of Asian Art () is located in the Dahlem neighborhood of the borough of , Berlin, Germany. It is one of the Berlin State Museums institutions and is funded by the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation. It houses some 20,000 Asian artifacts, making it one of the largest museums of ancient Asian art in the world. The museum is located in the same building as the Ethnological Museum of Berlin. The museum houses important collections of Art houses of South, Southeast and Central Asian countries and art from the Indo-Asian cultural area, from the 4th millennium BC to the present. Its geographic reach covers regions in India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, the Autonomous Region of Tibet and Xinjiang of the People's Republic of China, the Southeast Asian countries of Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and also the Indonesian Islands or archipelago.
History
The collection originally belonged to the Ethnological Museum of Berlin founded in 1873. From 1904 it was known as the "Indian Department".
On November 8, 1906, by government decree, Wilhelm von Bode, director-general of the Royal Museums of Berlin, founded the collection of the Museum of East Asian Art in Berlin. Germany's oldest museum of its kind, it was first located on Museum Island.
As a result of the four German Turfan expeditions, from 1902 to 1914, the collection was expanded to include Central Asia. In 1924, the exhibition was moved into the building belonging to the Arts and Crafts Museum, which at that time was also home to the Museum of Pre- and Early History (since 1981, it has been known as Martin-Gropius-Bau). The Society for East Asian Art founded in 1926 has provided substantial support for the museum's work. Thanks to their consistent expansion until the Second World War, the collections were among the most important in the world.
During the Second World War, there were regrettable losses, partly due to damage to the museum building and partly to the removal of a large number of artifacts to Russia. After the war, the Red Army took about 90 percent of the distributed collections to the Soviet Union as war booty. There they were taken to the Hermitage in St Petersburg where they have remained until today. Only a few pieces were returned to Berlin. The almost complete loss necessitated recreating the collection but this could only be achieved gradually. From 1952, it was the Pergamon Museum that exhibited East Asian Art. At the instigation of the first director, Herbert Härtel, the collections were presented as part of an independent "Indian Art Department", later called the "Museum of Indian Art" (from 1 January 1963 to 4 December 2006).
After the Berlin Wall went up, it was decided in 1970 to build new exhibition premises in West Berlin in the Zehlendorf district. After the fall of the Berlin Wall and German reunification, efforts were made to reorganize Berlin's museum scene. In 1992, the two separate collections were brought together in Dahlem. The Association of Friends of the Department, the Society of Indo-Asian Art Berlin eV, was founded in 1993. It publishes the annual Indo-Asiatische Zeitschrift ("Indo-Asian Journal"). In 2000, they were extended, forming until 2006 the Museum of East Asian Art, which now continues as the East Asian Art Collection at the Museum of Asian Art, since December 2006
Collection
The collection covers the art of all of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Central Asia, with special focus on sculpture (south and southeast Asia) and murals (central Asia). The artifacts date from the third millennium BC to the present day.
The permanent exhibition contains stone, bronze, stucco and ceramic sculptures and stone reliefs with Hindu, Buddhist and Jain subjects as well as murals, clay sculptures and textiles from Buddhist complexes on the northern Silk Road (now Xinjiang, PR China), and Indian miniatures and craftwork from the Islamic Mughal period. Sculptures of stone, bronze and wood, as well as ritual objects from Nepal, Tibet, Burma, and southeast Asia complete coverage of the Indo-Asian region. Special sections include the Gandhara Art Collection (Pakistan and Afghanistan, 1st-5th centuries) and a replica of a Central Asian Buddhist cave with a large section of the original. The Gandhara art displays include artifacts from the Swat Valley.
The museum, with an outstanding collection of some 20,000 artifacts, has example of stone sculptures, reliefs, bronze and terracotta works representative of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. Much of its collection of Jain art and Hindu sculpture dates to the classic period or the Middle Ages, and the museum also contains reconstruction of Indian temples. The East Asian Art Collection houses the largest and most important collection of Chinese, Korean and Japanese art in Germany. It consists of some 13,000 artefacts from all cultural periods, from the Neolithic to the present day. The three countries of the Asian subcontinent are first presented separately in their own departments. Their galleries converge on a central hall exhibiting the art of Buddhism, a common element in all three cultures. The Chinese Department has a large exhibition of porcelain, considerably enriched by Georg Weishaupt's collection, as well as lacquerware. Over 3,000-year-old bronzes, jades and ceramics attest to the country's early civilization and culture. A porcelain cup from the Wanli Emperor's time (1573–1620) during the Ming dynasty is of outstanding cultural and historical significance. In a separate room, a 17th-century traveling throne belonging to the Kangxi Emperor is exhibited. Its unique rosewood screen has rich pearl inlays with decorations of gold and lacquerwork.
With selected examples its China-Japan gallery, the museum presents the art of writing, common to all areas of East Asian art. As many works of Chinese and Japanese writing and some of the old paintings are particularly sensitive to light, they are exhibited for periods of three months before being replaced. The same applies to many items of lacquerwork and textile art. However, as a result of ties with Japanese woodcuts and the museum's important graphic collection, new relationships and priorities constantly emerge. In the Japanese department, visitors are shown a Japanese tea room or Boki. A study collection offers interested museum visitors the opportunity to experience an in-depth insight into the collection. A central repository for the collections is being planned in Berlin Friedrichshagen.
Services
By appointment the Japanese tea ceremony can be observed. A reference library is open exclusively to experts. An interactive computer program and alternating short films complement the presentation. The courtyard, which can be reached from the basement, presents a stone copy of the east gate of the famous Stupa I from Sanchi in central India.
Associations
A tradition of close cooperation exists with the German Society for East Asian Art, one of the museum's two supporting associations. At an international level, the museum cooperates with various non-European art museums, as well as with the Museum Rietberg in Zürich and the Musée Guimet in Paris . In the scientific field, the South, Southeast and Central Asia Collection and the East Asian Art Collection are closely connected with the neighboring Free University of Berlin. For example, museum director Willibald Veit is also Professor of East Asian Art History at the University. The merger of the two museums has been done with a future expansion plans of the "Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz" and to establish the Humboldt-Forum on Schlossplatz in Berlin-Mitte, a new concept venue for unique European collections.
See also
List of museums with major collections of Asian art
List of museums in Berlin
Gallery
References
External links
Staatliche Museen zu Berlin | Museum of Asian Art
Along the ancient silk routes: Central Asian art from the West Berlin State Museums, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains works from the Museum of Asian Art
Asian art
Berlin
Museum Asian art
Asian art | {
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Walkin' a Broken Heart
"Walkin' a Broken Heart" is a song written by Dennis Linde and Alan Rush, and recorded by American country music artist Don Williams. It was released in January 1985 as the third single from the album Cafe Carolina. The song reached number 2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.
Chart performance
References
External links
Category:1985 singles
Category:Don Williams songs
Category:Songs written by Dennis Linde
Category:Song recordings produced by Garth Fundis
Category:MCA Records singles
Category:1984 songs | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Bay'ah (Ahmadiyya)
Bai'at or Bay'ah (; pledge, initiation; literally a "sale" or a "transaction") is an Islamic practice of declaring on oath, one's allegiance to a particular leader. In an Islamic religious context, this oath is the standard procedure of pledging allegiance to a religious leader. It is known to have been practiced by the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his successors (caliphs) after him with those wishing to join the Islamic community. Within the Sufi tradition the term is used to refer to the process of initiation into a Sufi order with the idea of commending oneself to a spiritual master in exchange of the spiritual and moral guidance imparted by him. The Bay'ah is a practice that also forms a notable feature within Ahmadiyya Islam. Following the death of a Caliph, the leader of the Community, a pledge of allegiance is taken by the newly chosen Caliph from members of the Community based upon this prophetic model and the bay'ah is the standard procedure for formally joining the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.
Since 1993, a large Bay'ah is held on an international scale every year during the annual gathering of the Community. The Bay'ah is taken by the caliph at whose hand new converts pledge their allegiance and old members of the Community can reaffirm their pledges. The Bay'ah comprises the shahadah, prayers of repentance and a promise to abide by the Ten Conditions stipulated by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad for joining the Community.
Bay'ah (Ahmadiyya)
The concept of bay'ah is considered very important to Ahmadi Muslims. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, after claiming to be divinely appointed as the renewer of Islam, took the first bay'ah in 1889 at Ludhiana. After this, many individuals travelled long distances to Qadian to be initiated in the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. The practice was continued by his successors.
The tradition was originally started by the Islamic prophet Muhammad and continued by the 4 Caliphs after him.
International Bay'at
In 1993 Mirza Tahir Ahmad, the fourth Ahmadiyya Caliph, internationalised the Bay'ah through Muslim Television Ahmadiyya International (MTA) by which people from all over the world were now able to partake in this pledge which would be simultaneously translated into 12 different languages. Since then, The international oath of allegiance has taken place every year at the annual gatherings. Ahmad often claimed that this was the historical fulfillment of the Pentecost that was destined to occur at the time of the Second Coming.
Distinctive features
Since the first International Bay'ah, some acts have become part of the tradition during the ceremony. Foremost, the caliph wears a green coat of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad at the ceremony. This coat was lent to the fourth caliph for this ceremony by his sister. However, the coat was given to the caliphate at the request of the fifth caliph, Mirza Masroor Ahmad.
The members of the community form five or seven lines in front of the caliph at the ceremony to represent the five/seven continents of the world. Officials of the community organisation and other people who have worked for the community or are otherwise selected for this ceremony are present in these lines. The lines proceed to some extent in an orderly manner after which other members are present. Members of the community all over the world join the ceremony live through TV coverage by the community's own satellite channel MTA. The members and those who want to become members place their hands on the back of the person in their front, as is known from the tradition of the early Muslims at the time of Muhammad, and so form chains of physical contact with the caliph. This physical contact is seen necessary only for those present at the ceremony.
The oath of allegiance or Bay'ah is taken by the caliph in the following way: first he reads a sentence or a part of a sentence from the oath in Arabic and then in Urdu or English, which the members of the community repeat after him. The wording contains the shahadah, prayers of repentance and involves a promise to abide by the Ten Conditions of Bai'at as stipulated by Ghulam Ahmad. Then the same sentence or part of the sentence is repeated by translators in many languages of the world simultaneously and repeated by the members of the community.
After having gone through the whole text of the oath of allegiance in this manner, the caliph leads the members in silent prayers. At the end, all members of the congregation, which includes those participating around the world, prostrate themselves as an expression of gratitude towards God. This prostration is not directed in any particular direction and is performed in whichever direction one finds suitable but it is led by the caliph,.
References
See also
Bay'ah
Pledge of the Tree
Ten Conditions of Bai'at
Category:Islamic culture
Category:Ahmadiyya beliefs and doctrines
Category:Islamic terminology | {
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Nowy Jamielnik
Nowy Jamielnik is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stoczek Łukowski, within Łuków County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.
References
Nowy Jamielnik | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Kaczkowo
Kaczkowo may refer to the following places:
Kaczkowo, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
Kaczkowo, Inowrocław County in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
Kaczkowo, Żnin County in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
Kaczkowo, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland) | {
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Harvey Hilbert
Harvey Daiho Hilbert Roshi (born 1947) is a psychotherapist and an expert on post-Vietnam stress syndrome. He is an ordained Soto Zen priest and the founding abbot of the Order of Clear Mind Zen and a leader of the Zen community in southern New Mexico. He was featured in a documentary on Vietnam Veterans that aired on both National Public Radio's "Morning Edition" and PBS station KRWG-TV. During combat in the Vietnam War Hilbert was shot in the head, leaving him paralyzed on the left side of his body. Despite his injuries, Hilbert went on to college.
Early life and education
Hilbert was born in New Jersey in 1947 and grew up in Florida. A high school drop out, he enlisted in the Army in 1964 at age 17. In 1966 he was assigned to Company A, 35th Infantry Division, 3rd Brigade Task Force in Vietnam. On May 29, 1966 his Company was taken by helicopter to an ongoing battle at LZ 10 Alpha near Pleiku Province, Vietnam as part of Operation Paul Revere. During the fighting Hilbert was shot in the head, resulting in an 8-square inch hole in his skull. He also was hit in the back with shrapnel. Due to combat, he could not be airlifted out until the following morning.
Hilbert was taken to a field hospital where bullet fragments were removed from his brain. The wounds left him paralyzed on his left side. After rehabilitation, he recovered the use of most of his leg and some functioning of his arm.
He obtained his bachelor's degree (multidisciplinary) from Coker College, and then attended Case Western Reserve University to study social work, obtaining both his master's and PhD. Hilbert is also an artist. After his release from the Army, Hilbert dedicated himself to working with those suffering from combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD.
Military awards
On September 27, 1966, Hilbert's unit received the Presidential Unit Citation (United States).
Also for his service, Hilbert was awarded a Purple Heart and the National Defense Service Medal.
Trauma victim work
After college, Hilbert began a private practice focused on helping trauma survivors, which continued for nearly three decades. A key component of his treatment was the use of contemplative practices with his clients. In addition to his private practice he also served as a consultant to other PTSD treatment facilities.
Eventually his business grew into the Proact Corporation, a canopy organization, which consisted of Rainbeau Research and Counseling Centers, Professional Guidance Institute, Employee Assistance Program, and Stress Intervention Centers. The companies served patients from seven offices in two states.
Hilbert twice testified before the U.S. Congress as an expert witness on those suffering from PTSD.
Zen
At 19, he began meditating and studying Zen. and eventually became a student of Ken Hogaku Shozen McGuire roshi at the Dharma Mountain Zendo in Cloudcroft, New Mexico. In 2000, he was ordained a Soto Zen priest and was installed as abbot of Daibutsuji Zen Temple in Las Cruces. In 2005, he was given Dharma Transmission.
In 2005, he retired from clinical practice to establish the Order of Clear Mind Zen in Las Cruces, New Mexico, with affiliates in northern California, Virginia, and West Texas. Hilbert has a history of street practice, bearing witness for peace, and continues his community service with vulnerable populations.
Books and studies
Hilbert contributed to several books and studies, including Social Work Today, Volume 16. He co-authored Homelessness in Ohio: A Study of People in Need, Franklin County Report, which was published by the Ohio Department of Mental Health. He wrote the book Zen in your Pocket about Zen helping with traumatic stress and disability. Roshi Hilbert also wrote Living Zen: The Diary of an American Zen Priest, which details a year in the life of a Zen priest, and what he learned about life from the day-to-day events.
Other writings include:
Personal life
Hilbert lives in Las Cruces, New Mexico with his wife the Rev. Kathryn Shukke Hilbert.
See also
Buddhism in the United States
Timeline of Zen Buddhism in the United States
References
External links
WorldCat bibliography
Daibutsuji Zen Temple
Category:Buddhist writers
Category:Soto Zen Buddhists
Category:Zen Buddhist monks and priests
Category:Living people
Category:United States Army personnel
Category:1947 births
Category:American psychologists
Category:People from New Jersey
Category:People from Las Cruces, New Mexico | {
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Jeu van Bun
Jeu van Bun (10 December 1918 – 21 December 2002) was a Dutch footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
References
Category:1918 births
Category:2002 deaths
Category:Dutch footballers
Category:Netherlands international footballers
Category:Olympic footballers of the Netherlands
Category:Footballers at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Category:Sportspeople from Maastricht
Category:Association football defenders | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Estaciones Porteñas
The Cuatro Estaciones Porteñas, also known as the Estaciones Porteñas or The Four Seasons of Buenos Aires, are a set of four tango compositions written by Ástor Piazzolla, which were originally conceived and treated as different compositions rather than one suite, although Piazzolla performed them together from time to time. The pieces were scored for his quintet of violin (viola), piano, electric guitar, double bass and bandoneón. By giving the adjective porteño, referring to those born in Buenos Aires, the Argentine capital city, Piazzolla gives an impression of the four seasons in Buenos Aires.
The Seasons
Verano Porteño (Buenos Aires Summer) written in 1965, originally as incidental music for the play 'Melenita de oro' by Alberto Rodríguez Muñoz.
Invierno Porteño (Buenos Aires Winter) written in 1969.
Primavera Porteña (Buenos Aires Spring) written in 1970, contains counterpoint.
Otoño Porteño (Buenos Aires Autumn) written in 1970.
In 1996-1998, the Russian composer Leonid Desyatnikov made a new arrangement of the above four pieces with more obvious link between Vivaldi and Piazzolla, by converting each of pieces into three-section pieces, and re-arranging for solo violin and string orchestra. In each piece he included several quotations from original Vivaldi's work but due to seasons being inverted between northern and southern hemispheres, thus, for example, Verano Porteño had added elements of L'inverno (Winter) of Vivaldi.
References
Category:Compositions by Ástor Piazzolla
Category:Tangos | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Peshkabad
Peshkabad (, also Romanized as Peshkābād; also known as Jaʿfarābād, Beshekābād, Beskekābād, Pīshak Ābād, Pīshekābād, and Pīshokābād) is a village in Bampur-e Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Bampur County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,588, in 495 families.
References
Category:Populated places in Bampur County | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Pompeo Di Campello
Pompeo Di Campello (February 15, 1803 in Spoleto – June 24, 1884) was an Italian politician. He was minister of foreign affairs of the Kingdom of Italy from April to October 1867. He served in the Senate of the Kingdom of Sardinia and the Kingdom of Italy.
References
Category:1803 births
Category:1884 deaths
Category:People from Spoleto
Category:Foreign ministers of Italy
Category:19th-century Italian politicians
Category:Members of the Senate of the Kingdom of Sardinia
Category:Members of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Leslie Christidis
Leslie Christidis (born 30 May 1959), also simply known as Les Christidis, is an Australian ornithologist. His main research field is the evolution and systematics of birds. He has been director of Southern Cross University National Marine Science Centre since 2009. He was assistant director at Sydney's Australian Museum from 2004 to 2009.
Leslie Christidis graduated as Bachelor of Science at the University of Melbourne in 1980. In 1985 he required his Ph.D. at the Australian National University where he studied the evolutionary genetics of Australian finches.
During his research studies, where he first worked as a CSIRO post-doctoral fellow and then as the recipient of Queen Elizabeth II fellowship, he demonstrated that 4500 species of the world's songbirds had its origin in Australia. Les Christidis was Senior Curator of Ornithology at the Museum Victoria from 1987 to 1996.
Les Christidis was author or co-author of over 100 scientific papers and books on the taxonomy and evolutionary genetics of birds, bats, marsupials, bryozoans and more recently on cultural intangible heritage. Together with Walter E. Boles he published The Taxonomy and Species of Birds of Australia and Its Territories, with several revisions on Australasian birds including the family Acanthizidae. Together with Richard Schodde he described Amytornis barbatus diamantina, a subspecies of the grey grasswren, in 1987. He further described two subfamilies, Amalocichlinae and Pachycephalopsinae, and a genus, Cryptomicroeca in 2012.
He was awarded with the W. Roy Wheeler Medallion in 2005.
Works (selected)
Les Christidis, Walter Boles: The Taxonomy and Species of Birds of Australia and Its Territories. Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union, 1994.
Les Christidis, Walter Boles: Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing. 2008.
References
External links
Australian Bird List (compiled on basis of The Taxonomy and Species of Birds of Australia and its Territories by Boles/Christidis (1994))
Category:1959 births
Category:Australian ornithologists
Category:Australian curators
Category:University of Melbourne alumni
Category:Australian National University alumni
Category:Living people | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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I Am Rosa Parks
I Am Rosa Parks is a children's picture book written by Brad Meltzer in the Ordinary People Change the World series. It follows the adventures of a young Rosa Parks learning important lessons.
Plot synopsis
The book features a young Rosa Parks, before inspired the Montgomery Bus Boycott. As a child, young Rosa Parks was shoved by a white boy, even though she was just minding her own business. She shoved the boy back. She knew fighting was wrong, but she didn’t want the boy picking on her again. The boy’s mother yelled at her, but Rosa stood her ground and explained that the boy had pushed her even though she had not bothered him at all. This experience teaches her to stand up for herself and for what is right.
Inspiration
The idea for the "Ordinary People Change the World" series came to Meltzer as he was shopping for his young daughter. All he saw in the racks were T-shirts with princesses and loud mouth athletes. Meltzer wanted to give his daughter real heroes, ordinary people who stood up for what is right and changed the world. Together with award-winning comics artist Chris Eliopoulos, Meltzer created the "Ordinary People Change the World" children's book series. Each book features the story of a hero when they were a child. The publisher has ordered 12 books in the series.
Press
With the recent launch of I Am Rosa Parks, all three books in the "Ordinary People Change the World" series appeared simultaneously on the New York Times Bestseller List: I Am Rosa Parks at #2; I Am Abraham Lincoln at #6; and I Am Amelia Earhart at #8.
Meltzer was featured on many morning news shows to discuss the books, including CBS This Morning.
Reception
Kirkus Reviews calls it "A barely serviceable introduction with far more child appeal than substance." while Publishers Weekly finds that "Moments of humor help balance out the harsh racial prejudice on display,."
References
External links
- Brad Meltzer
Category:2014 children's books
Category:American picture books
Category:Children's history books
Category:Books about African-American history
Category:Montgomery bus boycott | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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San Nicolò Gerrei
San Nicolò Gerrei, Pauli Gerrei in sardinian language, is a comune (municipality) in the Province of South Sardinia in the Italian region Sardinia, located about northeast of Cagliari, in the Gerrei traditional subregion.
San Nicolò Gerrei borders the following municipalities: Armungia, Ballao, Dolianova, San Basilio, Sant'Andrea Frius, Silius, Villasalto.
References
Category:Cities and towns in Sardinia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Moungo (department)
Moungo is a department of Littoral Province in Cameroon. The department covers an area of 3,723 km² and as of 2001 had a total population of 452,722.The capital of the department lies at Nkongsamba.King Ekandjoum Joseph is known as the last King of the Mungo people before Cameroon was founded.
Subdivisions
The department is divided administratively into 12 communes and in turn into villages.
Communes
Baréhock
Baré
Bonaléa
Dibombari
Ebone
Loum
Manjo
Mbanga
Melong
Mombo
Nkongsamba 1
Nkongsamba 2
Nkongsamba 3
Penja
References
Category:Departments of Cameroon
Category:Littoral Region (Cameroon) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
707th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
The 707th Infantry Division, also known as the 707th Security Division, was a German Army division of World War II. It was formed in May 1941, and destroyed by Soviet forces in June 1944. The unit was mainly used as a rear-security division in German-occupied areas of the Soviet Union, and was responsible for large-scale war crimes including the deaths of thousands of Jewish civilians.
History
The 707th Infantry Division was raised at Munich on 2 May 1941, and subsequently undertook training in the region. Historian Ben H. Shepherd has described the unit as "an extremely substandard division of the fifteenth wave" to be raised by the German Army during the war, with its personnel being "overaged, undertrained and underequipped". The 707th Infantry Division was also much smaller than the standard size of German infantry divisions, comprising just 5,000 soldiers. All of the division's initial officers, other than its commanding officer until February 1943, Major General , were reservists. Most soldiers in the division were aged over 30, and the officers were typically even older. Major General von Bechtolsheim and his operations officer were deeply committed Nazis.
In August 1941, the 707th Infantry Division was deployed to the Eastern Front to undertake security duties in the occupied regions of the Soviet Union behind Army Group Centre's front lines. In October 1941, personnel of the division conducted public hangings of resistance members in Minsk, including that of 17 year old Masha Bruskina. The 707th Infantry Division and attached Order Police units murdered over 10,000 individuals, most of whom were Jews, in Belorussia between October and November 1941. Almost all of the division's officers and enlisted personnel willingly took part in these killings; the small number who refused were only lightly punished. This operation was initiated by von Bechtolsheim, who issued orders explicitly calling for the "annihilation" and "extermination" of Jews. Other German Army units undertook similar killings.
The 707th Infantry Division continued to undertake security duties in German-occupied areas of the Soviet Union for the remainder of 1941 and throughout 1942 and 1943. During the spring and early summer of 1942 the division conducted a so-called "anti-partisan operation" designated Operation Bamberg in which more than 4,000 Soviet citizens – the majority of whom were civilian farmers – were killed. Shepherd has written that while other German security divisions also killed large numbers of civilians during such operations, the 707th Infantry Division had the worst record. Historian Jeff Rutherford has made a similar comparison, labelling the 707th "infamous".
From January 1944 the 707th Infantry Division was used as a front-line unit in defensive roles. On 23 June, at the start of the major Soviet Operation Bagration offensive, it formed part of Army Group Centre's reserve. Later in June the division was encircled and destroyed by Soviet forces near Bobruisk. It was formally disbanded on 3 August 1944.
Structure
The 707th Infantry Division comprised the following units throughout its existence:
727th Infantry Regiment
747th Infantry Regiment
657th Artillery Battalion
707th Engineer Company
707th Signal Company
707th Divisional Supply Troops
See also
War crimes of the Wehrmacht
References
Citations
Works consulted
Category:Military units and formations established in 1941
Category:1941 establishments in Germany
Category:Infantry divisions of Germany during World War II
Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1944
Category:War crimes of the Wehrmacht
Category:Security divisions of Germany during World War II | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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