| ### Dataset Summary | |
| RedPajama is a clean-room, fully open-source implementation of the LLaMa dataset. | |
| | Dataset | Token Count | | |
| |---------------|-------------| | |
| | Commoncrawl | 878 Billion | | |
| | C4 | 175 Billion | | |
| | GitHub | 59 Billion | | |
| | Books | 26 Billion | | |
| | ArXiv | 28 Billion | | |
| | Wikipedia | 24 Billion | | |
| | StackExchange | 20 Billion | | |
| | Total | 1.2 Trillion | | |
| The dataset consists of 2084 jsonl files. Download the entire dataset using the following command: | |
| ``` | |
| wget -i https://data.together.xyz/redpajama-data-1T/v1.0.0/urls.txt | |
| ``` | |
| A smaller 1B-token sample of the dataset can be found [here](https://huggingface.co/datasets/togethercomputer/RedPajama-Data-1T-Sample). | |
| A full set of scripts to recreate the dataset from scratch can be found [here](https://github.com/togethercomputer/RedPajama-Data). | |
| ### Languages | |
| Primarily English, though the Wikipedia slice contains multiple languages. | |
| ## Dataset Structure | |
| The dataset structure is as follows: | |
| ``` | |
| { | |
| "text": ..., | |
| "meta": {"url": "...", "timestamp": "...", "source": "...", "language": "...", ...} | |
| } | |
| ``` | |
| ## Dataset Creation | |
| This dataset was created to follow the LLaMa paper as closely as possible to try to reproduce its recipe. | |
| ### Source Data | |
| #### Commoncrawl | |
| We download five dumps from Commoncrawl, and run the dumps through the official `cc_net` pipeline. | |
| We then deduplicate on the paragraph level, and filter out low quality text using a linear classifier trained to | |
| classify paragraphs as Wikipedia references or random Commoncrawl samples. | |
| #### C4 | |
| C4 is downloaded from Huggingface. The only preprocessing step is to bring the data into our own format. | |
| #### GitHub | |
| The raw GitHub data is downloaded from Google BigQuery. We deduplicate on the file level and filter out low quality | |
| files and only keep projects that are distributed under the MIT, BSD, or Apache license. | |
| #### Wikipedia | |
| We use the Wikipedia dataset available on Huggingface, which is based on the Wikipedia dump from 2023-03-20 and contains | |
| text in 20 different languages. The dataset comes in preprocessed format, so that hyperlinks, comments and other | |
| formatting boilerplate has been removed. | |
| #### Gutenberg and Books3 | |
| The PG19 subset of the Gutenberg Project and Books3 datasets are downloaded from Huggingface. After downloading, we use | |
| simhash to remove near duplicates. | |
| #### ArXiv | |
| ArXiv data is downloaded from Amazon S3 in the `arxiv` requester pays bucket. We only keep latex source files and | |
| remove preambles, comments, macros and bibliographies. | |
| #### Stackexchange | |
| The Stack Exchange split of the dataset is download from the | |
| [Internet Archive](https://archive.org/download/stackexchange). Here we only keep the posts from the 28 largest sites, | |
| remove html tags, group the posts into question-answer pairs, and order answers by their score. | |
| ### License | |
| Please refer to the licenses of the data subsets you use. | |
| * [Common Crawl Foundation Terms of Use](https://commoncrawl.org/terms-of-use/full/) | |
| * [C4 license](https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/c4#license) | |
| * GitHub was limited to MIT, BSD, or Apache licenses only | |
| * Books: [the_pile_books3 license](https://huggingface.co/datasets/the_pile_books3#licensing-information) and [pg19 license](https://huggingface.co/datasets/pg19#licensing-information) | |
| * [ArXiv Terms of Use](https://info.arxiv.org/help/api/tou.html) | |
| * [Wikipedia License](https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikipedia#licensing-information) | |
| * [StackExchange license on the Internet Archive](https://archive.org/details/stackexchange) | |
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