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[ { "value": "by a process", "type": "MANNER", "support": 1 }, { "value": "artificially", "type": "MANNER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Foreign genetic material (most commonly DNA) can also be artificially introduced into the cell by a process called transfection.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)" } ]

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[ { "text": "A human cell has genetic material contained in the cell nucleus (the nuclear genome) and in the mitochondria (the mitochondrial genome).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)" } ]

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[ { "text": "After the fusion of two gametes, the zygote contains all the necessary genetic material for an entire organism, bundled into a single cell.", "source": "https://biologydictionary.net/daughter-cells/" } ]

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[ { "text": "Fertilization takes place when the spermatozoon has successfully entered the ovum and the two sets of genetic material carried by the gametes fuse together, resulting in the zygote (a single diploid cell).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_embryogenesis" } ]

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[ { "text": "Chromosomal genetic material from the oocyte (ovum, egg) is lost, by an unknown process.", "source": "https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Fertilization" } ]

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[ { "text": "Every living cell in your body includes a nucleus, as do those of every other eukaryote (e.g., plants, animals and fungi), and within that nucleus is DNA bundled with proteins to create a material called chromatin.", "source": "https://sciencing.com/what-is-a-zygote-13714437.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "The genetic material is replicated; each of the cell's chromosomes duplicates to become two identical sister chromatids attached at a centromere.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygotene" } ]

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[ { "text": "In order for pronuclear injection to be successful, the genetic material (typically linear DNA) must be injected while the genetic material from the oocyte and sperm are separate (i.e., the pronuclear phase).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinjection" } ]

[ { "value": "typically", "type": "DEGREE", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "In order for pronuclear injection to be successful, the genetic material (typically linear DNA) must be injected while the genetic material from the oocyte and sperm are separate (i.e., the pronuclear phase).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinjection" } ]

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[ { "text": "A human cell has genetic material contained in the cell nucleus (the nuclear genome) and in the mitochondria (the mitochondrial genome).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)" } ]

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[ { "text": "the genetic material is initially identical and degree of twinning will depend upon the timing (early to late) from separate fetal membranes and placenta to conjoined twins.", "source": "https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Lecture_-_Week_1_and_2_Development" } ]

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[ { "text": "Because one egg was fertilized by one sperm, the genetic material in the two embryos is the same.", "source": "https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/normal-pregnancy/stages-of-development-of-the-fetus" } ]

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[ { "text": "The zygote contains the combined genetic material carried by both the male and female gametes which consists of the 23 chromosomes from the nucleus of the ovum and the 23 chromosomes from the nucleus of the sperm.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_embryogenesis" } ]

[ { "value": "for research uses", "type": "PURPOSE", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Suppose that biological materials obtained from these individuals subsequent to their deaths are made available for research uses.", "source": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/stem-cells/" } ]

[ { "value": "most commonly", "type": "DEGREE", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Foreign genetic material (most commonly DNA) can also be artificially introduced into the cell by a process called transfection.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)" } ]

[ { "value": "slightly", "type": "DEGREE", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Because the genetic material in each egg and in each sperm is slightly different, each fertilized egg is different.", "source": "https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/normal-pregnancy/stages-of-development-of-the-fetus" } ]

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[ { "text": "The zygote develops into the embryo following the instruction encoded in its genetic material, the DNA.", "source": "https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6074" } ]

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[ { "text": "chromosomal (genetic) material from the oocyte (ovum, egg) is retained and the egg is fertilized by one or two spermatozoa.", "source": "https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Fertilization" } ]

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[ { "text": "Hemizygosity is also observed when one copy of a gene is deleted, or, in the heterogametic sex, when a gene is located on a sex chromosome.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygosity" } ]

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[ { "text": "it’s chromosomes so that it has a copy of each chromosome to pass on to daughter cells.", "source": "https://passel2.unl.edu/view/lesson/f57a1a8ce6f5/2" } ]

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[ { "text": "By this definition, an organism whose gametic cells contain a single copy of each chromosome (one set of chromosomes) may be considered haploid while the somatic cells, containing two copies of each chromosome (two sets of chromosomes), are diploid.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" } ]

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[ { "text": "An individual that is homozygous-dominant for a particular trait carries two copies of the allele that codes for the dominant trait.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygosity" } ]

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[ { "text": "Instead, the zygote utilized the maternal copy of the gene with the normal sequence as a template for repairing the DNA cut in the paternal copy produced by CRISPR.", "source": "https://www.thefreedictionary.com/zygote" } ]

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[ { "text": "An individual that is homozygous-recessive for a particular trait carries two copies of the allele that codes for the recessive trait.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygosity" } ]

[ { "value": "for males", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "A diploid cell that contains 46 chromosomes Carries only 1 sex chromosome (Y or X) and 1 copy of autosomes Carries 2 sex chromosomes (XY or XX) and 2 copies of autosomes Develops either in the testes (for males) or ovaries (for females) Develops in the fallopian tube", "source": "https://theydiffer.com/difference-between-a-gamete-and-a-zygote/" } ]

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[ { "text": "The term \"dihaploid\" was coined by Bender to combine in one word the number of genome copies (diploid) and their origin (haploid).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" } ]

[ { "value": "habitually", "type": "MANNER", "support": 1 }, { "value": "in many fishes", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "In many fishes, extra copies of chromosomes are habitually disadvantageous.", "source": "https://ibiologia.com/zygote/" } ]

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[ { "text": "It is also involved in the creation of identical twins, when one zygote splits into two identical copies.", "source": "https://www.diffen.com/difference/Asexual_Reproduction_vs_Sexual_Reproduction" } ]

[ { "value": "usually", "type": "DEGREE", "support": 1 }, { "value": "in most vertebrates besides fish", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "In most vertebrates besides fish, extra copies of alleles are usually detrimental.", "source": "https://biologydictionary.net/zygote/" } ]

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[ { "text": "Gametes each have one copy of the organism's chromosomes, the number of which is often represented by the variable n. Zygotes thus have 2n chromosomes; in humans this number is 46.", "source": "https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/zygote-cell-each-gene-found-how-many-chromosome-s-549866" } ]

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[ { "text": "In other words, an identical copy of all the cell’s DNA is made.", "source": "https://sites.google.com/site/lifesciencesinmaine/5-cell-division-reproduction-and-dna" } ]

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[ { "text": "At fertilization, meiosis II resumes and the duplicate copies of each chromosome are pulled apart.", "source": "https://sciencing.com/happens-zygote-following-fertilization-20062.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "When a human germ cell undergoes meiosis, the diploid 46-chromosome complement is split in half to form haploid gametes.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" } ]

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[ { "text": "When a human germ cell undergoes meiosis, the diploid 46-chromosome complement is split in half to form haploid gametes.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" } ]

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