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Online security losing cyber battle ! | https://thehackernews.com/2011/02/online-security-losing-cyber-battle.html | THE internet was never meant to do sensitive banking transactions, cyber criminals are winning the war against online security and Australia's easy going nature is making us vulnerable targets to ever-more sophisticated internet thugs.
That was San Francisco-based internet security watcher and author Joseph Menn's assessment of the current state of the internet before he spoke to the Internet Industry Association's gala dinner in Sydney last night.
The only glimmer of hope was that people were becoming more aware of the risks involved with the internet - which he described as a "loaded gun" - but we have to be even more savvy if we are not to be become a cyber crime victim.
Mr Menn said when he interviewed the former head of the US Department of Justice's Cyber Crime Unit she said half of all credit cards were in the hands of criminals.
"And if your credit card details weren't in criminals' hands it was only because they hadn't got around to it yet," he said yesterday.
"That's a big problem."
Although more than 90 per cent of consumers' money lost to fraud is reimbursed by the banks.
"The banks then pass that cost back to the merchants," Mr Mann explained.
"And the merchants raise everybody's prices just a little bit.
"There aren't a lot of horror stories - there are some where a person wasn't able to buy a house because their credit record was ruined by a criminal somewhere.
"Instead there is a drain on the economy because all the prices go up.
"The pain on the economy is so gradual that no one really takes notice."
Mr Menn said he believed the internet had inherent structural flaws which made it incredibly difficult to make the network secure.
"The internet was never designed for financial transactions or the cloud services that companies keep their crown jewels," he said.
"It's a mess - it's the most open network in the history of the universe and we are defending it against some of the worst and best financed criminal groups.
"And we are losing."
However, he did say that individuals who - like it or not, have to be their own network administrators - have to make more of an effort to secure their personal computers.
"More than half of PCs have malware," Mr Menn said.
"The percentage of the really bad stuff that can capture credit card details is small but it is the fast-growing segment of malware.
"More than 90 per cent of operating systems are not running fully patched systems and fully up to date applications.
"That's not good."
And Australians, more than many others seem to take their easy-going nature online which could leave them vulnerable, he said.
The security watcher said governments would take more steps to protect citizens and some of those steps would not be popular before singling out the Federal Government's internet filter and saying that it was clearly not popular and would not stop cyber criminals in any way.
News Source : Google
| Malware |
Facebook Admits Sharing Users' Data With 61 Tech Companies | https://thehackernews.com/2018/07/facebook-data-privacy.html | Facebook has admitted that the company gave dozens of tech companies and app developers special access to its users' data after publicly saying it had restricted outside companies to access such data back in 2015.
It's an unusual clear view of how the largest social networking site manages your personal information.
During the Cambridge Analytica scandal revealed March this year, Facebook stated that it already cut off third-party access to its users' data and their friends in May 2015 only.
However, in a 747-page long document [PDF] delivered to Congress late Friday, the social networking giant admitted that it continued sharing data with 61 hardware and software makers, as well as app developers after 2015 as well.
The disclosure comes in response to hundreds of questions posed to Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg by members of Congress in April about its company's practices with data of its billions of users.
The Washington Post reported that the company submitted the documents, representing Facebook's most granular explanation of exemption, within hours of a Friday night deadline.
Among other things, the documents revealed that Facebook granted a "one-time" six-month extension to 61 companies including AOL, Nike, United Parcel Service and dating app Hinge to come into compliance with Facebook's new privacy policy on user data.
Besides this, there are at least five other companies that theoretically may have accessed limited friends' data, as a result of API access that they were granted as part of a Facebook beta test, the social media added.
The documents also acknowledged that Facebook partnered with 52 domestic and international companies, including U.S. tech giants Apple, Microsoft, Spotify, Amazon, Sony, Acer, China-based Huawei and Alibaba, and device-makers Samsung and BlackBerry.
The social network shared information about its users with these companies to help them create their own versions of Facebook or Facebook features for their devices, well of course, "under the terms and policies they provide to their users."
"We engaged companies to build integrations for a variety of devices, operating systems, and other products where we and our partners wanted to offer people a way to receive Facebook or Facebook experiences," the document reads. "These integrations were built by our partners, for our users, but approved by Facebook."
However, Facebook also said the company has already discontinued 38 of these 52 partnerships and is going to end its partnership with an additional seven by the end of this July and another one by the end of this October.
Whereas, partnerships with three companies will continue, which includes Apple, Amazon, and Tobii, an accessibility app that enables people with ALS to access Facebook, with whom the company has agreements that extend beyond October 2018.
The document comes months after it revealed that personal data of 87 million Facebook users were harvested by Cambridge Analytica, a political consultancy firm, who reportedly helped Donald Trump win the US presidency in 2016.
The revelation led to public outcry for lawmakers to hold the social network accountable for its data-management practices, raising questions about whether Facebook can be trusted to protect the personal data of its 2 billion users.
Facebook's admission to the extensions, as Post noted, is "the fullest to date regarding reports that Facebook [had continued sharing] user data with some companies for years."
Just three days ago, we covered a separate incident, wherein a popular third-party quiz app that runs on Facebook app platform exposed data of up to 120 million Facebook users to hackers.
| Data_Breaches |
New Facebook Worm installing Zeus Bot in your Computer | https://thehackernews.com/2011/11/new-facebook-worm-installing-zeus-bot.html | New Facebook Worm installing Zeus Bot in your Computer
Recently We Expose about 25 Facebook phishing websites and also write about biggest Facebook phishing in French which steal more then 5000 usernames and passwords. Today another new attack on Facebook users with Zeus Bot comes in action. The researchers of Danish security firm CSIS, has spotted a worm spreading within the Facebook platform. A new worm has popped up on Facebook, using apparently stolen user credentials to log in to victims' accounts and then send out malicious links to their friends. The worm also downloads and installs a variety of malware on users' machines, including a variant of the Zeus bot.
If followed, the link takes the potential victim to a page where he or she are offered what appears to be a screensaver for download. Unfortunately, it is not a JPG file, but an executable (b.exe). Once run, it drops a cocktail of malicious files onto the system, including ZeuS, a popular Trojan spyware capable of stealing user information from infected systems. The worm is also found to have anti-VM capabilities, making it useless to execute and test in a virtual environment, such as Oracle VM VirtualBox and VMWare.
Zeus is a common tool in the arsenal of many attackers these days, and is used in a wide variety of attacks and campaigns now. It used to be somewhat less common, but the appearance of cracked versions of the Zeus code has made it somewhat easier for lower-level attackers to get their hands on the malware. Zeus has a range of capabilities, and specializes in stealing sensitive user data such as banking credendtials, from infected machines.
"The worm carries a cocktail of malware onto your machine, including a Zbot/ZeuS variant which is a serious threat and stealing sensitive information from the infected machine," warn the researchers.The worm is hosted on a variety of domains, so the link in the malicious message may vary. Other servers are used to collect the data sent by the aforementioned malware and to serve additional malicious software.
This type of thing is very rare to just send to your email without you requesting it so I would advise anyone who thinks that you may have seen an email like this to delete it and mark it as spam right away.
| Vulnerability |
Hackers Using Fake Trump's Scandal Video to Spread QNode Malware | https://thehackernews.com/2021/01/hackers-using-fake-trumps-scandal-video.html | Cybesecurity researchers today revealed a new malspam campaign that distributes a remote access Trojan (RAT) by purporting to contain a sex scandal video of U.S. President Donald Trump.
The emails, which carry with the subject line "GOOD LOAN OFFER!!," come attached with a Java archive (JAR) file called "TRUMP_SEX_SCANDAL_VIDEO.jar," which, when downloaded, installs Qua or Quaverse RAT (QRAT) onto the infiltrated system.
"We suspect that the bad guys are attempting to ride the frenzy brought about by the recently concluded Presidential elections since the filename they used on the attachment is totally unrelated to the email's theme," Trustwave's Senior Security Researcher Diana Lopera said in a write-up published today.
The latest campaign is a variant of the Windows-based QRAT downloader Trustwave researchers discovered in August.
The infection chain starts with a spam message containing an embedded attachment or a link pointing to a malicious zip file, either of which retrieves a JAR file ("Spec#0034.jar") that's scrambled using the Allatori Java obfuscator.
This first stage downloader sets up the Node.Js platform onto the system and then downloads and executes a second-stage downloader called "wizard.js" that's responsible for achieving persistence and fetching and running the Qnode RAT ("qnode-win32-ia32.js") from an attacker-controlled server.
QRAT is a typical remote access Trojan with various features including, obtaining system information, performing file operations, and acquiring credentials from applications such as Google Chrome, Firefox, Thunderbird, and Microsoft Outlook.
What's changed this time around is the inclusion of a new pop-up alert that informs the victim that the JAR being run is a remote access software used for penetration testing. This also means the sample's malicious behavior only begins to manifest once the user clicks the "Ok, I know what I am doing." button.
"This pop-up is a little odd and is perhaps an attempt to make the application look legitimate, or deflect responsibility from the original software authors," Lopera noted.
Furthermore, the malicious code of the JAR downloader is split-up into different randomly-numbered buffers in an attempt to evade detection.
Other changes include an overall increase in the JAR file size and the elimination of the second-stage downloader in favor of an updated malware chain that immediately fetches the QRAT payload now called "boot.js."
For its part, the RAT has received its own share of updates, with the code now encrypted with base64 encoding, in addition to taking charge of persisting on the target system via a VBS script.
"This threat has been significantly enhanced over the past few months since we first examined it," Topera concluded, urging administrators to block the incoming JARs in their email security gateways.
"While the attachment payload has some improvements over previous versions, the email campaign itself was rather amateurish, and we believe that the chance this threat will be delivered successfully is higher if only the email was more sophisticated."
| Cyber_Attack |
Greedy North Korean Hackers Targeting Cryptocurrencies and Point-of-Sale Terminals | https://thehackernews.com/2017/12/lazarus-hacking-bitcoin.html | The North Korean hacking group has turned greedy.
Security researchers have uncovered a new widespread malware campaign targeting cryptocurrency users, believed to be originated from Lazarus Group, a state-sponsored hacking group linked to the North Korean government.
Active since 2009, Lazarus Group has been attributed to many high profile attacks, including Sony Pictures Hack, $81 million heists from the Bangladesh Bank, and the latest — WannaCry.
The United States has officially blamed North Korea for global WannaCry ransomware attack that infected hundreds of thousands of computers across more than 150 countries earlier this year.
In separate news, security experts have blamed Lazarus group for stealing bitcoins worth millions from the South Korean exchange Youbit, forcing it to shut down and file for bankruptcy after losing 17% of its assets.
Researchers from security firm Proofpoint have published a new report, revealing a connection between Lazarus Group and a number of multistage cyber attacks against cryptocurrency users and point-of-sale systems.
"The group has increasingly focused on financially motivated attacks and appears to be capitalizing on both the increasing interest and skyrocketing prices for cryptocurrencies," the researchers said. "The Lazarus Group's arsenal of tools, implants, and exploits is extensive and under constant development."
After analyzing a large number of spear phishing emails with different attack vectors from multiple spear phishing campaigns, researchers discovered a new PowerShell-based reconnaissance implant from Lazarus Group arsenal, dubbed PowerRatankba.
Encryption, obfuscation, functionality, decoys, and command-and-control servers used by PowerRatankba closely resembles the original Ratankba implant developed by Lazarus Group.
The PowerRatankba implant is being spread using a massive email campaign through the following attack vectors:
Windows executable downloader dubbed PowerSpritz
Malicious Windows Shortcut (LNK) files
Several malicious Microsoft Compiled HTML Help (CHM) files
Multiple JavaScript (JS) downloaders
Macro-based Microsoft Office documents
Backdoored popular cryptocurrency applications hosted on fake websites
PowerRatankba, with at least two variants in the wild, acts as a first-stage malware that delivers a fully-featured backdoor (in this case, Gh0st RAT) only to those targeted companies, organizations, and individuals that have interest in cryptocurrency.
"During our research, we discovered that long-term sandboxing detonations of PowerRatankba not running cryptocurrency related applications were never infected with a Stage2 implant. This may indicate that the PowerRatankba operator(s) were only interested in infecting device owners with an obvious interest in various cryptocurrencies," reads the 38-page-long report [PDF] published by Proofpoint.
Once installed, Gh0st RAT allows cybercriminals to steal credentials for cryptocurrency wallets and exchanges.
It's notable that PowerRatankba and Gh0st RAT don't exploit any zero-day vulnerability; instead, Lazarus Group relies on mixed programming practices, like C&C communication over HTTP, use of Spritz encryption algorithm and the Base64-encoded custom encryptor.
"It is already well-known that Lazarus Group has targeted and successfully breached several prominent cryptocurrency companies and exchanges," the researchers say. "From these breaches, law enforcement agencies suspect that the group has amassed nearly $100 million worth of cryptocurrencies based on their value today."
Besides stealing cryptocurrencies, the group was also found infecting SoftCamp point-of-sale (POS) terminals, largely deployed in South Korea, using RatankbaPOS malware for stealing credit card data.
Since RatankbaPOS was sharing same C&C server as the PowerRatankba implant, it is believed that both the implants are linked to Lazarus Group.
The explosive growth in cryptocurrency values has motivated not only traders but also hackers to invest all their time and resources in making digital wealth.
More details about the new malware campaigns run by Lazarus Group can be found in the in-depth report [PDF], titled "North Korea Bitten by Bitcoin Bug—Financially motivated campaigns reveal a new dimension of the Lazarus Group," published by PowerPoint on Wednesday.
| Cyber_Attack |
How A Bug Hunter Forced Apple to Completely Remove A Newly Launched Feature | https://thehackernews.com/2017/01/apple-itunes.html | Recently Apple released a new Feature for iPhone and iPad users, but it was so buggy that the company had no option other than rolling back the feature completely.
In November, Apple introduced a new App Store feature, dubbed "Notify" button — a bright orange button that users can click if they want to be alerted via iCloud Mail when any game or app becomes available on the App Store.
Vulnerability Lab's Benjamin Kunz Mejri discovered multiple vulnerabilities in iTunes's Notify feature and iCloud mail, which could allow an attacker to infect other Apple users with malware.
"Successful exploitation of the vulnerability results in session hijacking, persistent phishing attacks, persistent redirect to external sources and persistent manipulation of affected or connected service module context," Mejri wrote in an advisory published Monday.
Here's How the Attack Works?
The attack involves exploitation of three vulnerabilities via iTunes and the App Store's iOS Notify function.
When you click on notify feature for any unreleased app, the function automatically retrieves information from your device, including your devicename value and primary iCloud email id, to alert you when the soon-to-launch app debuts.
However, this devicename parameter is vulnerable to persistent input validation flaw, which allows an attacker to insert malicious javascript payload into the devicename field that would get executed on the victim's device in the result after successful exploitation.
Moreover, the remote attacker can even set the victim's iCloud email as his/her primary email address, without any confirmation from the victim's side, and that's where the second flaw resides.
So, now whenever the unreleased app will be available, Apple will send an email to victim's address and since the attacker had set the victim's email address as his/her own primary email at the time of subscribing to the notification.
So, the victim will receive that email from Apple, which will include the malicious payload inserted by the attacker into the devicename field.
Here the malicious payload will get executed at the victim's side, as shown in screenshots, and that's the third flaw in Apple's email client which fails to check the content of its email sent to its users.
Successful exploitation of the vulnerabilities could allow the attacker to perform various actions, such as session hijacking.
"The security risk of the persistent input validation and mail encoding web vulnerability is estimated as high with a cvss (common vulnerability scoring system) count of 5.8," Mejri wrote.
"Exploitation of the persistent input validation and mail encoding web vulnerability requires a low privileged apple (appstore/iCloud) account and low or medium user interaction."
Mejri said he first prepared to exploit code for the Notify function back in September when Apple first unveiled this feature. Around December 15 when Super Mario Run was released on Apple App Store, he confirmed that his exploit worked just well.
Apple is reportedly aware of the issues and is in the middle of fixing them.
| Vulnerability |
NASA SSL Digital Certificate hacked by Iranian Hackers | https://thehackernews.com/2012/05/nasa-ssl-digital-certificate-hacked-by.html | NASA SSL Digital Certificate hacked by Iranian Hackers
Iranian hackers 'Cyber Warriors Team' announced in an online post that it compromised an SSL certificate belonging to NASA and subsequently accessed information on thousands of NASA researchers. A space agency representative revealed that they're currently investigating the incident.
The group said the certificate was compromised by exploiting an existing vulnerability within the portal's login system, but they didn't outline the entire attack. Once they had control over the certificate, they claim to have used it to "obtain User information for thousands of NASA researcher With Emails and Accounts of other users [sic]."
"These incidents spanned a wide continuum from individuals testing their skill to break into NASA systems, to well-organized criminal enterprises hacking for profit, to intrusions that may have been sponsored by foreign intelligence services seeking to further their countries' objectives," Paul K. Martin wrote.
The attackers had full functional control over these networks. The Cyber Warriors Team (CWT) said in its post that it had written an HTTPS protocol scanner to find weaknesses, and had found an existing vulnerability in the NASA website, which was identified as that of NASA's Solicitation and Proposal Integrated Review and Evaluation System (NSPIRES) site.
| Malware |
LinkedIn Hack Tool Exposes Users' Emails without Exploiting Any Vulnerability | https://thehackernews.com/2014/04/linkedin-hack-tool-exposes-users-emails.html | A Free Chrome, Firefox and Safari web browser plugin floating around the web, called 'Sell Hack' allows users to view the hidden email address of any LinkedIn user, means anyone can grab email addresses that we use for professional purposes.
When installed, the 'Sell Hack' plugin will pop up a 'Hack In' button on LinkedIn profiles and further automatically mines email addresses of LinkedIn users.
NOT A SECURITY BREACH
It's not a Security breach, LinkedIn has confirmed that no LinkedIn data has been compromised, but rather this free extension rely on an algorithm that checks publicly available data in order to guess users' email addresses.
So without exploiting any loophole or vulnerability, Sell Hack is capable of predicting users' email addresses with OSINT (Open-Source Intelligence) techniques i.e. information collected from publicly available sources.
It is also possible that, the Sell Hack extension is gathering data from users who have installed it, allows plugin to watch your activity on the site and collect the information of any direct connection whose page you've decided to visit; so this way Sell Hack can cross-serve the collected data to other users.
LinkedIn users who have downloaded Sell Hack should uninstall it immediately, "LinkedIn members who downloaded Sell Hack should uninstall it immediately and contact Sell Hack requesting that their data be deleted." LinkedIn officials warned.
LINKEDIN IS NOT HAPPY
The Professional Social Network giant LinkedIn has decided to take legal action and publicly criticised Sell Hack in statements. LinkedIn pulled SellHack Team to the door of judiciary for disclosing the email IDs of users to the un-connected users.
"We are doing everything we can to shut Sell Hack down. On 31 March LinkedIn's legal team delivered Sell Hack a cease-and-desist letter as a result of several violations," a LinkedIn spokesman said.
IS IT LEGAL?
The Developers Sell Hack tool explained, "The data we process is all publicly available. We just do the heavy lifting and complicated computing to save you time. We aren't doing anything malicious to a Social website. We think browser extensions are the best way to personalize an individual's web experience."
On their website, Sell Hack answered, How does it work? "If we don't received a validation response, we'll present a 'copy all' button to copy & paste the list for your own uses: i.e. check your own data sources or BCC email the entire list etc." that Means, if service will not be able to guess the user's email address, it will ask you to enter your emails database for further match-search.
SOLUTION
Two days back LinkedIn has sent a cease-and-desist notice to Sell Hack for violating the LinkedIn Terms of Service and as a result the SellHack extension is no more working on the LinkedIn pages. "SellHack plugin no longer works on LinkedIn pages," developers stated.
| Data_Breaches |
Another Master Key vulnerability discovered in Android 4.3 | https://thehackernews.com/2013/11/another-master-key-vulnerability.html | Earlier this year, in the month of July it was first discovered that 99% of Android devices are vulnerable to a flaw called "Android Master Key vulnerability" that allow hackers to modify any legitimate and digitally signed application in order to transform it into a Trojan program that can be used to steal data or take control of the device.
The vulnerability was also responsibly disclosed to Google back in February by Bluebox and but the company did not fix the issue even with Android 4.3 Jelly Bean. Later, Google has also modified its Play Store's app entry process so that apps that have been modified using such exploit are blocked and can no longer be distributed via Play.
Then after a few days, in the last week of July this year, Android Security Squad, the China-based group also uncovered a second Android master key vulnerability similar to the first one.
Security researcher Jay Freeman has discovered yet another Master Key vulnerability in Android 4.3, which is very similar to the flaw reported by Android Security Squad in July.
Jay Freeman, perhaps better known as Saurik for Cydia Software, an application for iOS that enables a user to find and install software packages on jailbroken iOS Apple devices such as the iPhone.
He demonstrated the flaw with a proof of concept exploit, written in Python language.
On Android, all applications are signed by their developers using private cryptographic keys; it is by comparing the certificates used to verify these signatures that Android's package manager determines whether applications are allowed to share information, or what permissions they are able to obtain.
Even the system software itself is signed by the manufacturer of the device and the applications signed by that same key are thereby able to do anything that the system software can.
Like the previous master key bugs, Saurik's exploit allows a hacker to gain complete access to your Android device via a modified system APK, with its original cryptographic key being untouched.
This way the malware can obtain full access to Android system and all applications (and their data) with dangerous system permissions.
Users are advised to download apps or app updates only from trusted sources, preferably from official sources or app stores. Saurik has also updated his Cydia Impactor for Android to include a patch for this bug.
Recently, the source code for Android 4.4 was released in Android Open Source Project, which included a patch for all previously known Android Master Key vulnerabilities.
Update: We have updated the story, and made some correction after Saurik comment, 'the bug I am describing is a bug in Android 4.3, not Android 4.4. The fix for it was included in the code release for Android 4.4, and since it is now disclosed there is no harm to the open device community to describe the bug in public; devices that currently have no exploit are there by now exploitable.'
Thank you!
| Malware |
Hackers Using Microsoft Build Engine to Deliver Malware Filelessly | https://thehackernews.com/2021/05/hackers-using-microsoft-build-engine-to.html | Threat actors are abusing Microsoft Build Engine (MSBuild) to filelessly deliver remote access trojans and password-stealing malware on targeted Windows systems.
The actively ongoing campaign is said to have emerged last month, researchers from cybersecurity firm Anomali said on Thursday, adding the malicious build files came embedded with encoded executables and shellcode that deploy backdoors, allowing the adversaries to take control of the victims' machines and steal sensitive information.
MSBuild is an open-source build tool for .NET and Visual Studio developed by Microsoft that allows for compiling source code, packaging, testing, deploying applications.
In using MSBuild to filelessly compromise a machine, the idea is to stay under the radar and thwart detection, as such malware makes use of a legitimate application to load the attack code into memory, thereby leaving no traces of infection on the system and giving attackers a high level of stealth.
As of writing, only two security vendors flag one of the MSBuild .proj files ("vwnfmo.lnk") as malicious, while a second sample ("72214c84e2.proj") uploaded to VirusTotal on April 18 remains undetected by every anti-malware engine. The majority of the samples analyzed by Anomali were found to deliver the Remcos RAT, with a few others also delivering the Quasar RAT and RedLine Stealer.
Remcos (aka Remote Control and Surveillance software), once installed, grants full access to the remote adversary, its features ranging from capturing keystrokes to executing arbitrary commands and recording microphones and webcams, while Quasar is an open-source .NET-based RAT capable of keylogging, password stealing, among others. Redline Stealer, as the name indicates, is a commodity malware that harvests credentials from browsers, VPNs, and messaging clients, in addition to stealing passwords and wallets associated with cryptocurrency apps.
"The threat actors behind this campaign used fileless delivery as a way to bypass security measures, and this technique is used by actors for a variety of objectives and motivations," Anomali researchers Tara Gould and Gage Mele said. "This campaign highlights that reliance on antivirus software alone is insufficient for cyber defense, and the use of legitimate code to hide malware from antivirus technology is effective and growing exponentially."
| Malware |
Car Thieves Can Unlock 100 Million Volkswagens With A Simple Wireless Hack | https://thehackernews.com/2016/08/hack-unlock-car-door.html | In Brief
Some 100 Million cars made by Volkswagen are vulnerable to a key cloning attack that could allow thieves to unlock the doors of most popular cars remotely through a wireless signal, according to new research.
Next time when you leave your car in a parking lot, make sure you don't leave your valuables in it, especially if it's a Volkswagen.
What's more worrisome?
The new attack applies to practically every car Volkswagen has sold since 1995.
There are two distinct vulnerabilities present in almost every car sold by Volkswagen group after 1995, including models from Audi, Skoda, Fiat, Citroen, Ford and Peugeot.
Computer scientists from the University of Birmingham and the German engineering firm Kasper & Oswald plan to present their research [PDF] later this week at the Usenix security conference in Austin, Texas.
Attack 1 — Using Arduino-based RF Transceiver (Cost $40)
The first attack can be carried out using a cheap radio device that can be made for just $40 with a small control board and a radio receiver, but is capable of eavesdropping and recording the rolling code values used by keyless entry systems.
The code values are included in the signal sent every time a driver presses the key fob's buttons, which is then used together to emulate a key that is unique to every vehicle.
The researchers then managed to reverse engineer one component inside a Volkswagen's network and were able to extract a cryptographic key that is shared among millions of Volkswagen vehicles.
Now, combining the two supposedly secret keys, the researchers were able to clone the key fob and access to the car.
"With the knowledge of these keys, an adversary only has to eavesdrop a single signal from a target remote control," the researchers wrote in their paper. "Afterwards, he can decrypt this signal, obtain the current UID and counter value, and create a clone of the original remote control to lock or unlock any door of the target vehicle an arbitrary number of times."
Although the team did not reveal the components they used to extract the keys to prevent potential car hackers from exploiting the weakness.
However, they warned that if skilled hackers find and publicize those shared keys, each one could leave tens of Millions of cars vulnerable.
In past 20 years, just the four most common keys are used in all the 100 Million cars sold by Volkswagen. Only the most recent VW Golf 7 model and others that use unique keys are immune to the attack.
Attack 2 — Hijack with HiTag2 and A Radio Device in 60 Seconds
In the second attack, the team managed to attack a cryptographic scheme called HiTag2 -- decades old rolling code scheme but still used in Millions of vehicles, including Alfa Romeo, Chevrolet, Peugeot, Lancia, Opel, Renault, and Ford.
To carry out this attack, all a hacker needs is a radio setup similar to the one used in the above hack.
Using a radio device, the researchers were able to intercept and read a string of the coded signals (rolling code number that changes unpredictably with every button press) from the driver's key fob.
With the collection of rolling codes, the researchers discovered that flaws in the HiTag2 scheme would allow them to crack the cryptographic key in as little as one minute.
Since the above two attacks focus on unlocking cars rather than stealing them, the lead researcher Flavio Garcia told Wired these attacks might be combined with already exposed bugs in the HiTag2 and Megamos 'immobilizer' systems, allowing "Millions of Volkswagens and other vehicles ranging from Audis to Cadillacs to Porsches to be driven by thieves."
Also Read: RollJam — $30 Device That Unlocks Almost Any Car And Garage Door
This is not the first time this team of researchers has targeted Volkswagen, it discovered a way to start Volkswagen cars' ignitions in 2013, but had to withhold their findings for two years because VW Group threatened to sue them.
The researchers have reported the flaws to VW Group and agreed not to disclose the cryptographic keys, part numbers of vulnerable components, and how they reverse-engineered the processes.
Car hacking is a hot topic today. Recently, security researcher Benjamin Kunz Mejri disclosed zero-day flaws resided in the official BMW web domain and ConnectedDrive portal that allowed attackers to tamper remotely with BMW's In-Car Infotainment System.
Previous research demonstrated hackers capabilities to hack a car remotely and control its steering and brakes and to disable car's critical functions like airbags by exploiting security bugs affecting significant automobiles.
Keeping these risks in mind, in April this year, the Michigan state Senate proposed two bills that introduce life sentences in prison for people who hack into cars' electronic systems. Also, the FBI issued a public announcement warning people about the risks of car hacking.
So, folks, your cars are not a safe place.
| Vulnerability |
Italian Intelligence agency CNAIPIC steals sensitive data from Indian Embassy | https://thehackernews.com/2011/08/italian-intelligence-agency-cnaipic.html | Italian Intelligence Agency CNAIPIC steals sensitive data from Indian Embassy
Sensitive defence information appears to have been stolen from the Indian embassy here by an Italian intelligence agency during the past two years. If the documents released by Anonymous Hackers are to be believed, the Italian cyber police - National Anti-Crime Computer Centre for Critical Infrastructure Protection (CNAIPIC) - was widely hacking Indian embassy's letters with Russian defence firms.
Leaked Data which include the letters between the Indian embassy's Air Wing and a local company supplying spares for military aircraft. Izvestia said Italian cyber police had hacked on June 22, 2010 Deputy Air Attache D S Shekhavat's correspondence with Aviazapchast, a company specialising in the supply of aviation spares, complaining about delays in the shipment of 15 helicopter engines.
A reply from the Aviazapchast representative in India written on the same day was also hacked by the CNAIPIC. The Italian cyber police had also accessed correspondence of the aircraft engine manufacturer NPO Saturn and Ilyushin Aircraft with the Indian embassy in Moscow and the Air Headquarters in New Delhi.
Indian embassy's Counsellor Information Nutan Kapur Mahawar had no comments to offer on the report. The files put online reveal that besides the Indo- Russian defence cooperation the CNAIPIC widely targeted correspondence of Russian nuclear and hydrocarbon majors like 'Atomstroieksport' and 'Gazprom', Izvestia reported.
The Aviazapchast spokesman told the daily that there was no leakages from the company and the letters had been stolen from the Indians. Izvestia was inclined to believe in this as Indian embassy cellphone bills from local Beeline provider that were among the hacked documents accessed by it including the bill dated February 28, 2011, containing a printout of all telephone numbers called or SMSed by the Indian embassy staff.
Although from the report it was evident that Russian energy majors and not Indian embassy were the prime targets of the economic intelligence by the Italians, including on the construction of Bushehr nuclear power plant in Iran, but in the past the Indian mission here has been the target of cyber attack.
In April 2010, the Indian Embassy here has boosted its cyber security in the wake of a report about alleged Chinese cyber espionage by infecting scores of Indian government and defence related sites by malwares to steal the confidential information.
Then the US and Canada based Information Warfare Monitor and Shadowservers Foundation in their report 'Shadows in the Cloud' had traced China's Chengdu based servers of exfiltering sensitive information from the Indian computers, including Indian missions in Moscow, London and Washington. Commenting on the report, a section of Russia media had raised concerns about sensitive and secret information about Moscow and New Delhi's defence cooperation falling into the Chinese hands. At that time the Indian embassy here confirmed that at least two attacks were traced to Chinese servers, but denied leakage of any confidential information.
Source
| Malware |
Passwordstate Warns of Ongoing Phishing Attacks Following Data Breach | https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/passwordstate-warns-of-ongoing-phishing.html | Click Studios, the Australian software firm which confirmed a supply chain attack affecting its Passwordstate password management application, has warned customers of an ongoing phishing attack by an unknown threat actor.
"We have been advised a bad actor has commenced a phishing attack with a small number of customers having received emails requesting urgent action," the company said in an updated advisory released on Wednesday. "These emails are not sent by Click Studios."
Last week, Click Studios said attackers had employed sophisticated techniques to compromise Passwordstate's update mechanism, using it to drop malware on user computers. Only customers who performed In-Place Upgrades between April 20, 8:33 PM UTC, and April 22, 0:30 AM UTC are said to be affected.
While Passwordstate serves about 29,000 customers, the Adelaide-based firm maintained that the total number of impacted customers is very low. It's also urging users to refrain from posting correspondence from the company on social media, stating the actor behind the breach is actively monitoring such platforms for information pertaining to the attack in order to exploit it to their advantage for carrying out related intrusions.
The original attack was carried out via a trojanized Passwordstate update file containing a modified DLL ("moserware.secretsplitter.dll") that, in turn, extracted retrieved a second-stage payload from a remote server so as to extract sensitive information from compromised systems. As a countermeasure, Click Studios released a hotfix package named "Moserware.zip'' to help customers remove the tampered DLL and advised affected users to reset all passwords stored in the password manager.
The newly spotted phishing attack involves crafting seemingly legitimate email messages that "replicate Click Studios email content" — based on the emails that were shared by customers on social media — to push a new variant of the malware.
"The phishing attack is requesting customers to download a modified hotfix Moserware.zip file, from a CDN Network not controlled by Click Studios, that now appears to have been taken down," the company said. "Initial analysis indicates this has a newly modified version of the malformed Moserware.SecretSplitter.dll, that on loading then attempts to use an alternate site to obtain the payload file."
The Passwordstate hack is the latest high-profile supply-chain attack to come to light in recent months, highlighting how sophisticated threat groups are targeting software built by third parties as a stepping-stone to break into sensitive government and corporate computer networks.
| Cyber_Attack |
Google Play Store Update Allows Apps to Silently Gain Control of Your Device | https://thehackernews.com/2014/06/google-play-store-update-allows-apps-to.html | Google just made a huge change to the way application permissions work on Android devices which has left a potential door open to malicious app developers and hackers.
Google narrows down Android's 145 permissions into 13 broad categories and groups app permissions into 'groups of related permissions', likely for Android users to have an easier time dealing with app permissions.
Unfortunately, the new update has introduced a few potential security and privacy issues, as listed below:
hiding permissions behind the group names
auto-updating app with no warning for new permissions
According to new update, once a user approves an app's permissions, he actually approves the whole respective permission groups. For example, if an app want to read your incoming SMS messages, then it requires the "Read SMS messages" permission. But now installing an app, you are actually giving it access to all SMS-related permissions.
The app developer can then include additional permissions from 'SMS-related permissions Group', in a future update, which will not trigger any warning before installation.
Google explains, "If you have automatic updates enabled, you won't need to review or accept these permissions as long as they are included in a permissions group you already accepted for that app."
If your Android apps update automatically, then malicious developers can gain access to new dangerous permissions without your knowledge by abusing this mechanism, though a smart user could manually view all permissions in a dropdown before installation, but one out of thousands does that.
For example, as you can see in the above screenshots - I am installing FIFA's android app from Google Play Store and before installation the app is asking for group permissions in left image and actual group permissions are expanded in the right-side image.
Similarly, if you install any app with group permissions to read contacts, later that app can secretly gain permission to add or even change calendar entries too.
Below I have listed some most abused Android app permissions that cyber criminals are exploiting for their personal gain:
GPS Location and Network-based Location
Read Phone State and Identity
Automatically Start at Boot
Modify/Delete SD Card Contents
Read/Send SMS Messages
Read/Modify Contacts
I strongly recommend users to disable automatic updates and verify app permissions manually every time an app wants to update.
| Malware |
First Paid Fake Android Antivirus App Downloaded 10,000 times from Google Play Store | https://thehackernews.com/2014/04/first-paid-fake-android-antivirus-app.html | Well, we all are very conscious, when it comes to the security of our personal information, security of our financial data and security of everything related to us. In the world of Smart devices where our Smartphones knows more than we know ourselves.
To keep our device protected from harmful viruses, malware or spyware, we totally depend on various security products such as antivirus, firewall and privacy guard apps, that we typically install from some trusted sources, Google Play Store. Most Antivirus apps are available to download for free, but some of them are paid with extra premium features like advance firewall protection, anti theft, App Locker or Cloud Backup etc.
But do you believe that just because you're downloading an application from an official app store and also if its a premium paid version, you're safe from malicious software? Think twice.
PAID, BUT FAKE ANTIVIRUS APP
In Past, Mobile Security Researchers had spotted numerous fake mobile antivirus scanners that were available for free download at Google's Play marketplace, but its the first time when a cyber criminals are offering a fake, but paid Antivirus Solution called 'Virus Shield' for your Android device at Google's play store.
Virus Shield masquerade itself as an antivirus that claims to "protect you and your personal information from harmful viruses, malware, and spyware" and also "Improve the speed of your phone," which it does with just a click.
Moreover, it claims to have least effect on battery, run in the background, and in addition it also acts as adblock software that will stop those "pesky advertisements," which we deal every day.
MORE THAN $40,000 FRAUD AT GOOGLE PLAY STORE
Virus Shield antivirus app costs $3.99, and has been on the Google Play Store for just over a week and has already been successfully downloaded more than 10,000 times by Smartphones users with a 4.7 star review from 1,700 people, that means total amount received by developer is more than $40,000.
Even 2,607 users had hit the Google "recommend" button, which means that the antivirus app must be doing great to users who look for trusted and efficient antivirus app to secure their devices.
WHAT A SCANNER - VIRUS SHIELD
Surely it doesn't scan or detect anything. Android Police has discovered that the app only changes a red "X" graphic to a red "check" graphic, that's it, nothing less or more.
The virus shield antivirus app is a total scam and it doesn't scan or secure your device, which means thousands of users have been scammed out of their money.
When the creator (email : [email protected]) tracked down by the investigators, it revealed that the creator was a well known scammer who was also accused and banned from forums for trying to scam people out of various low-valued online game items.
You can check out the code for yourself from here, as the android police have decompiled the app and mirrored the java code on GitHub.
HOW TO PROTECT YOURSELF
There is no such way to protect you from these kinds of fraudsters. All you can do is report the Virus Shield via the Play Store app by listing the app's "flag as inappropriate," then tap "other objection" and write about the app's fraud to users. Alternatively, you can report it on the web. Users are advised to only download applications from known and trusted publishers.
| Malware |
Most Sophisticated Android malware ever detected | https://thehackernews.com/2013/06/most-sophisticated-android-malware-ever.html | A new piece of sophisticated Android malware has been discovered by security researchers at Kaspersky Labs. Dubbed as Backdoor.AndroidOS.Obad.a, it is the most sophisticated piece of Android malware ever seen.
It exploits multiple vulnerabilities, blocks uninstall attempts, attempts to gain root access, and can execute a host of remote commands. It include complex obfuscation techniques that complicated analysis of the code, and the use of a previously unknown vulnerability in Android that allowed it to take control of and maintain a foothold on infected Android devices.
There are two previously unknown Android vulnerabilities exploited by Obad. It can gain administrator privileges, making it virtually impossible for a user to delete it off a device.
Another flaw in the Android OS relates to the processing of the AndroidManifest.xml file. This file exists in every Android application and is used to describe the application's structure, define its launch parameters.
"The malware modifies AndroidManifest.xml in such a way that it does not comply with Google standards, but is still correctly processed on a Smartphone thanks to the exploitation of the identified vulnerability," said Kaspersky Lab Expert. "All of this made it extremely difficult to run dynamic analysis on this Trojan."
Like many modern malicious programs, Obad is modular, with the ability to receive software updates directly from C&C servers controlled by the attackers.
Obad Malware is very similar to the 'Android Malware Engine', that was developed and demonstrated by Mohit Kumar (Founder, The Hacker News) last year in Malcon Conference.
Android Malware Engine has the capability to exploit more than 100's of Android platform features with command and control server that also communicate with stealthy methods to execute various evil commands and to stealing user data. The Trojan doesn't even have an interface it works entirely in background mode.
Malware enhanced with features like:
Download a file from the server and install it
Act as proxy server, HTTP server, FTP server
Stealing, Sending, Deleting and Creating text message, contacts and Call Logs.
Turning off Wi-Fi, GPS, Bluetooth, Vibration
Ransomware
Remote Shell, and also installing the ssh server on the device
Extracting information of all list of applications and antiviruses installed
Stealing Whatsapp conversations
Forwarding messages and calls to malicious numbers
Controlling all infected devices as bots for sms and network ddos attack
Modifying permission model and randomizing classes for making it undetectable from behaviour and signature based antivirus.
Locating victims with Live GPS locations on world map.
The researchers at Kaspersky Labs say that the Trojan has fortunately not spread a lot and have also notified Google of the above vulnerabilities on their OS, which have been exploited by the Trojan.
Android's rapid gains in the mobile space have raised concerns that the mobile OS will become a target, as Microsoft's Windows was in the PC space.
| Malware |
Beware! You Can Get Hacked Just by Opening a 'JPEG 2000' Image | https://thehackernews.com/2016/10/openjpeg-exploit-hack.html | Researchers have disclosed a critical zero-day vulnerability in the JPEG 2000 image file format parser implemented in OpenJPEG library, which could allow an attacker to remotely execute arbitrary code on the affected systems.
Discovered by security researchers at Cisco Talos group, the zero-day flaw, assigned as TALOS-2016-0193/CVE-2016-8332, could allow an out-of-bound heap write to occur that triggers the heap corruption and leads to arbitrary code execution.
OpenJPEG is an open-source JPEG 2000 codec. Written in C language, the software was developed for coding and encoding JPEG2000 images, a format that is often used for tasks like embedding image files within PDF documents through popular software including PdFium, Poppler, and MuPDF.
Hackers can exploit the security vulnerability by tricking the victim into opening a specially crafted, malicious JPEG2000 image or a PDF document containing that malicious file in an email.
The hacker could even upload the malicious JPEG2000 image file to a file hosting service, like Dropbox or Google Drive, and then send that link to the victim.
Once downloaded to the system, it would create a way for hackers to remotely execute malicious code on the affected system.
The flaw was caused "due to an error while parsing mcc records in the jpeg2000 file,...resulting in an erroneous read and write of adjacent heap area memory," Cisco explained in its advisory.
"Careful manipulation of heap layout and can lead to further heap metadata process memory corruption ultimately leading to code execution under attacker control."
The researchers successfully tested the JPEG 2000 image exploit on the OpenJPEG openjp2 version 2.1.1. The flaw was discovered by Aleksandar Nikolic from the Cisco Talos Security team.
The team reported the zero-day flaw to OpenJPEG developers in late July, and the company patched the flaw last week with the release of version 2.1.2.
The vulnerability has been assigned a CVSS score of 7.5, categorizing it as a high-severity bug.
| Malware |
More Hacking Groups Found Exploiting SMB Flaw Weeks Before WannaCry | https://thehackernews.com/2017/05/eternalblue-smb-exploit.html | Since the Shadow Brokers released the zero-day software vulnerabilities and hacking tools – allegedly belonged to the NSA's elite hacking team Equation Group – several hacking groups and individual hackers have started using them in their own way.
The April's data dump was believed to be the most damaging release by the Shadow Brokers till the date, as it publicly leaked lots of Windows hacking tools, including dangerous Windows SMB exploit.
After the outbreak of WannaCry last week, security researchers have identified multiple different campaigns exploiting Windows SMB vulnerability (CVE-2017-0143), called Eternalblue, which has already compromised hundreds of thousands of computers worldwide.
I have been even confirmed by multiple sources in hacking and intelligence community that there are lots of groups and individuals who are actively exploiting Eternalblue for different motives.
Moreover, the Eternalblue SMB exploit (MS17-010) has now been ported to Metasploit, a penetration testing framework that enables researchers as well as hackers to exploit this vulnerability easily.
Cybersecurity startup Secdo, an incident response platform, has recently discovered two separate hacking campaigns using the same Eternalblue SMB exploit at least three weeks before the outbreak of WannaCry global ransomware attacks.
So, it would not be surprised to find more hacking groups, state-sponsored attackers, financially motivated organized criminal gangs and gray hat hackers exploiting Eternalblue to target large organizations and individuals.
The two newly discovered hacking campaigns, one traced back to Russia and another to China, are much more advanced than WannaCry, as sophisticated hackers are leveraging Eternalblue to install backdoors, Botnet malware and exfiltrate user credentials.
According to Secdo, these attacks might pose a much bigger risk than WannaCry, because even if companies block WannaCry and patch the SMB Windows flaw, "a backdoor may persist and compromised credentials may be used to regain access" to the affected systems.
Both campaigns are using a similar attack flow, wherein attackers initially infect the target machine with malware via different attack vectors, then uses Eternalblue to infect other devices in the same network and finally inject a stealthy thread inside legitimate applications, which is then used to achieve persistence by either deploying a backdoor or exfiltrating login credentials.
Russian Campaign: Credential-Theft Attacks
Secdo discovered that attackers are injecting a malicious thread into the 'lsass.exe' process using Eternalblue.
Once infected, the thread began downloading multiple malicious modules and then access SQLite DLL to retrieve users' saved login credentials from Mozilla's FireFox browser.
The stolen credentials are then sent to the attacker's command-and-control server via the encrypted Tor network in order to hide the real location of the C&C server.
Once sent, a ransomware variant of CRY128, which is a member of the infamous Crypton ransomware family, starts running in the memory and encrypts all the documents on the affected system.
According to Secdo, "at least 5 of the most popular Next Gen AV vendors and Anti-Malware vendors were running on the endpoints and were unable to detect and stop this attack. This is most likely due to the thread only nature of the attack."
This attack has been traced back to late April, that's three weeks prior to the WannaCry outbreak. The attack originates from Russia-based IP address (77.72.84.11), but that doesn't mean the hackers are Russian.
Chinese Campaign: Installs Rootkit and DDoS Botnet
This campaign was also seen in late April.
Using Eternalblue, a malicious thread is spawned inside of the lsass.exe process, similar to the above-mentioned credential theft attack.
But only instead of remaining purely in-memory, the initial payload then connects back to a Chinese command-and-control server on port 998 (117.21.191.69) and downloads a known rootkit backdoor, which is based on 'Agony rootkit' to make persistent.
Once installed, the payload installs a Chinese Botnet malware, equipped with DDoS attack functionality, on the affected machine.
"These attacks demonstrate that many endpoints may still be compromised despite having installed the latest security patch," Secdo concluded.
"We highly recommend using a solution that has the ability to record events at the thread level in order to hunt, mitigate and assess potential damage as soon as possible."
These malicious campaigns went unnoticed for weeks because unlike WannaCry, the purpose of these attacks was different, holding affected systems for a long time by achieving persistent and stealing credentials to regain access.
The recent example is of "Adylkuzz," a recently-discovered stealthy cryptocurrency-mining malware that was also using Windows SMB vulnerability at least two weeks before the outbreak of WannaCry ransomware attacks.
These attacks are just the beginning, as attacks like WannaCry have not been completely stopped and given the broad impact of the NSA exploits, hackers and cyber criminals are curiously waiting for the next Shadow Brokers release, which promised to leak more zero-days and exploits from next month.
Since the attackers are currently waiting for new zero-days to exploit, there is very little users can do to protect themselves from the upcoming cyber attacks.
You can follow some basic security tips that I have mentioned in my previous article about how to disable SMB and prevent your devices from getting hacked.
| Cyber_Attack |
Ticketmaster To Pay $10 Million Fine For Hacking A Rival Company | https://thehackernews.com/2021/01/ticketmaster-to-pay-10-million-fine-for.html | Ticketmaster has agreed to pay a $10 million fine after being charged with illegally accessing computer systems of a competitor repeatedly between 2013 and 2015 in an attempt to "cut [the company] off at the knees."
A subsidiary of Live Nation, the California-based ticket sales and distribution company used the stolen information to gain an advantage over CrowdSurge — which merged with Songkick in 2015 and later acquired by Warner Music Group (WMG) in 2017 — by hiring a former employee to break into its tools and gain insight into the firm's operations.
"Ticketmaster employees repeatedly – and illegally – accessed a competitor's computers without authorization using stolen passwords to unlawfully collect business intelligence," said Acting U.S. Attorney Seth DuCharme.
"Further, Ticketmaster's employees brazenly held a division-wide 'summit' at which the stolen passwords were used to access the victim company's computers, as if that were an appropriate business tactic."
The allegations were first reported in 2017 after CrowdSurge sued Live Nation for antitrust violations, accusing Ticketmaster of accessing confidential business plans, contracts, client lists, and credentials of CrowdSurge tools.
According to court documents released on December 30, after being hired by Live Nation in 2013, Stephen Mead, who was CrowdSurge's general manager of U.S. operations, shared with Zeeshan Zaidi, the former head of Ticketmaster's artist services division, and another Ticketmaster employee the passwords to Artist Toolbox, an app that provided real-time data about tickets sold through the victim company.
Besides password theft, Mead is also accused of providing "internal and confidential financial documents" retained from his former employer, as well as URLs for draft ticketing web pages so as to learn which artists planned to use CrowdSurge to sell tickets and "dissuade" them from doing so.
On October 18, 2019, Zaidi pled guilty in a related case to conspiring to commit computer intrusions and wire fraud for his participation in the scheme, stating, "we're not supposed to tip anyone off that we have this view into [the victim company's] activities."
An unnamed Ticketmaster executive said in an internal email the goal was to "choke off" and "steal" its signature clients by winning back the presale ticketing business for a second major artist that was a client of CrowdSurge.
Both Mead and Zaidi are no longer employed by Ticketmaster.
"Ticketmaster terminated both Zaidi and Mead in 2017, after their conduct came to light. Their actions violated our corporate policies and were inconsistent with our values. We are pleased that this matter is now resolved," a company spokesperson told The Hacker News.
Ticketmaster previously settled a lawsuit brought by Songkick in 2018 by agreeing to pay the company's owners $110 million and acquire its remaining intellectual property not sold to WMG for an undisclosed amount.
Besides paying the $10 million penalties, Ticketmaster is expected to maintain a compliance and ethics program to detect and prevent such unauthorized acquisition of confidential information belonging to its rivals.
The company will also be required to make an annual report to the U.S. Attorney's Office over the next three years to ensure compliance.
| Cyber_Attack |
Subsets and Splits