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Monetary policy - end of history?
In 1992, the political scientist Francis Fukuyama announced the end of history. The cold war had just ended, and in Fukuyama’s view, this marked “the endpoint of mankind’s ideological evolution”. Liberal democracy had prevailed; the final form of government had been reached. There was no need for history to continue.
For many months, we have been discussing the conditions for a gradual exit from our extraordinarily loose monetary policy. But some might now point to the latest economic data indicating that growth has lost some momentum and wonder if this is reason to be concerned, or even to change plans?
Well, first of all, we need to put the latest developments into perspective. Growth in the euro area exceeded potential growth for a couple of quarters. In 2017, the euro area economy grew by 2.5%, compared with potential growth estimates of 1.5% for the year. Against this backdrop, one could expect to see it to slow down. And that’s what happened. In the first quarter of 2018, year-on-year growth was 2.5%, compared with 2.7% in the fourth quarter of 2017. We saw industrial production, excluding construction, decline in the first two months of the year. And both the composite output Purchasing Managers’ Index and the European Commission’s Economic Sentiment Indicator eased in the first quarter. But both are still well above their long-term average.
So we are seeing that the pace of growth has become more moderate, but we are not seeing a turning point. We remain confident in the strength of the economy.
After all, the things that are currently holding back growth seem to be temporary. There was the early timing of the Easter break, there was a strong outbreak of flu in some parts of the euro area, there was cold weather and there were strikes in some countries. All this weighed on growth, but it won’t do so permanently.
We need to keep a close eye on all this, and we will. But for now, there is no need to rewrite the story. The economic expansion remains solid and broad-based. Financing conditions are good, the labour market is robust with a historically high increase in jobs, and income and profits are growing steadily. In short: the real economy is doing well.
By contrast, inflation so far does not seem to be recovering as convincingly. This has left many observers scratching their heads as to why the current level of low inflation does not match the current state of the real economy. It seems that inflation is responding less to the slack in the economy than would be expected. This disconnect between the real and nominal sides of the economy is the subject of intense debate. In very general terms, there might be two forces at play.
First, the Phillips curve might have changed. It might, for instance, have flattened, or it might have shifted downwards. Empirically, it is very hard to determine which – if either – of the two things has happened.
And that brings me to the second point, which is that we cannot be sure whether we are measuring slack correctly in the first place. The unemployment rate, for instance, is based on a narrow definition. Just think of people who work part-time. Officially, they are employed, but they could work more, of course. So, the amount of slack could be larger than we think. If that is the case, it’s no surprise that inflation has not kicked in.
That said, the economy is still expanding and, at some point, any remaining slack will be used up. As a consequence, pressure on wages will increase, and we are indeed already seeing wages edging up. Wage growth increased from 1.1% in mid-2016 to 1.8% in the fourth quarter of 2017. In Germany, wages even grew at 2.7% in the first quarter of 2018. This, in turn, will prompt inflation to pick up.
So I believe that all we need is a bit of patience. All the conditions for inflation to kick in are in place.
So, June might be the month to decide once and for all to gradually end net asset purchases by the end of this year.
But please do not misunderstand me here: I am just referring to the net purchases. There is still the stock of assets we have already bought. And we will still reinvest any proceeds from maturing bonds. Just to put it in perspective: each month we buy assets worth €30 billion. This compares with a stock of assets worth €2,400 billion.
What I want to say is this: even when we end net purchases, monetary policy will still be extraordinarily accommodative. And, at the same time, other tools will remain in place. The Eurosystem has, for instance, committed to granting banks unlimited access to liquidity against a wider range of collateral. With our targeted longer-term refinancing operations, we provided credit institutions with funding for up to four years. Finally, interest rates are still historically low and will remain so for some months to come. A first hike around the middle of 2019 is not entirely out of the ballpark.
So, we are slowly but surely moving towards the exit. This is the next big thing to happen. But it will not be the end of the story, let alone the end of history. Monetary policy will continue to evolve, new challenges will arise, and many questions still need to be answered.
I will discuss three of these questions now: First, does monetary policy need to refine its targets and update its toolbox? Second, how should it treat financial stability? And third, what is the relationship between monetary policy and the distribution of wealth and income?
As we know, when the crisis hit in 2008, central banks around the world had to rethink their approach in more ways than one. And they are still doing so.
What will monetary policy look like in the years to come? Should we put some of the tools we used in the crisis near the top of our toolbox where we can easily reach them? Or should we bury them and only dig them out again in the event of a severe crisis? And should we redefine our target?
The debate on these issues, in academic and policy circles alike, has been lively. So let us weigh the potential costs and benefits of redefining our toolbox and our strategy.
Let’s start from the beginning. The crisis called for very loose monetary policy, and we responded with our standard tools.
However, despite the ECB’s efforts, inflation remained at historically low levels. In January 2015, the Eurosystem thus announced that it would start buying government bonds. A year and a half later, in June 2016, it also began to buy corporate bonds.
So, the basic story is simple. Once the Eurosystem had come to the conclusion that the standard tools were not sufficient to reach our objective, it turned to non-standard tools.
Asset purchases are one of those tools. And they have made our job as central bankers even more complex than it used to be. The first challenge we faced was how to go about implementing the purchase programme. Interventions like this can have any number of unintended consequences.
First, as a major actor in the markets for public and private bonds, we have to tread carefully. We have to make sure that the markets continue to work well. We thus placed limits on the share of a bond issue that we would buy, for instance. This ensures that the Eurosystem does not form a blocking minority in the event of a debt restructuring involving collective action clauses.
Second, there is a risk that we might become a drag on market liquidity, in particular in some segments of the corporate bond markets. We have thus tried to minimise this kind of side effect, and not to worsen existing shortages of certain assets.
Third, we must be aware that our actions might distort prices. The more bonds we buy and the longer we go on buying them, the greater the risk that prices no longer reflect market conditions.
These are some of the risks we have to bear in mind. Viewed from today, however, it seems that our non-standard measures did have the desired effects on financial markets and, consequently, on the real economy.
But what does this mean for the future? Seeing the short-term effects, some observers suggest making the balance sheet part of the new orthodoxy of monetary policy strategy – or part of the standard toolbox, as they like to say.
Let me say clearly that I think this should not happen. The short-term benefits should not lead us to overlook the long-term costs and the severe side effects. These costs and side effects can be quite high, and they tend to grow over time. Thus, a comprehensive asset purchase programme, such as the current one, should only be used to fight a real risk of deflation. In my view, that is the only valid reason for using such tools.
For one thing, I wonder how it would affect the incentives for various stakeholders. Financial market participants, firms, consumers and also governments have to varying degrees adjusted to historically low interest rates and ample liquidity. And for some of them, low interest rates have certainly made life easier. It is therefore crucial to realise that this won’t go on forever – the exit will come eventually – and to adjust accordingly.
Second, there is the issue of financial stability. When the central bank buys bonds, it might also fuel asset price bubbles, financed by cheap credit. This risk increases the longer unconventional monetary policy measures continue to be applied.
And third, monetary policy can only buy time – no matter how loose or unconventional it becomes. Monetary policy is not a tool meant to alter the long-term viability of economies, and it would be dangerous to believe otherwise. I will come back to this point in a few minutes.
And it’s not just about the tools, it’s also about the target. A second idea that is often put forward is that we should change our objective and strive for higher inflation. Proponents of this idea claim that we should no longer aim for inflation rates of below, but close to, 2% over the medium term. They argue that we should aim for inflation rates higher than that. This idea is based on the observation that higher inflation rates generally lead to higher average nominal interest rates. This would then give central banks more room for manoeuvre, as they would be less likely to hit the effective lower bound.
In my view, aiming for a higher inflation rate would lead to the same problem as making non-standard tools a standard part of the toolbox. Such proposals tend to underestimate the associated costs.
There is evidence that changing the objective would be too blunt a move. Hitting the effective lower bound is costly, but so is higher inflation. Research shows that the key benefit of higher inflation – fewer and less severe zero lower bound events – is easily offset by the costs of positive trend inflation.
What are these costs? Well, price distortions become larger, overall inflation becomes more volatile, and the welfare costs of such volatility increase as well.
And changing our objective could undermine the markets’ confidence in the ECB’s commitment to price stability. The transition could prove very hard to manage and could take many years. And during that time uncertainty would increase. We would thus likely witness increased disagreement among forecasters – inflation expectations might become more volatile. And this is anathema to central bankers. In the end, it is part of our job description to ensure that long-term inflation expectations are well anchored.
In this context, we must also take into account that changing our objective might in itself hurt our credibility – the main asset of any central bank. And this would make it much harder to steer inflation expectations even after the new objective had been met. After all, people might think that at some point in the future, we could revise our objective again. Central bankers are conservative for a reason.
To sum up, it seems to me that these proposals have one thing in common. They are a reaction to the dramatic shifts we have witnessed since the crisis. Hitting the effective lower bound forced a bout of creativity in the world of monetary policy. But I do not believe that the way forward is to entirely revolutionise the way we think about the role of central banks.
Still, we should also be realistic. The crisis revealed shortcomings in our thinking, and this is something we need to work on.
So the debate about the future does not end here. Another thing to discuss is how monetary policy and financial stability interact. And this debate also involves our standard tool, the interest rates. Interest rates have been very low for quite some time now. This has coincided with an upsurge in asset prices and a compression of spreads on risky securities.
Against this backdrop, some economists argue that monetary policy has an effect on both the capacity and the appetite of investors to take on risk. This has been termed the risk-taking channel, and it does not play a role in standard monetary policy frameworks. These focus instead on the interest rate, credit or bank lending channels.
Now, how does this risk-taking channel work? Well, it can work in different ways. For a start, low interest rates mean low returns. Investors might rebalance their portfolios and take on more risk in order to make up for lost returns. Should we be concerned about this? Well, if the process is well managed, there is no need for concern.
However, some financial institutions set rather inflexible target rates of return, for example because investors expect a certain minimum yield. These inflexible targets may lead them to take on more risk than appropriate. It is clear that this could lead to trouble further down the road.
Also, the financial system’s behaviour can be procyclical. There is reliable empirical evidence that loose monetary policy lowers both the measured risk in asset prices and the risk premia demanded by investors. But value-at-risk approaches mean that the risk management of banks relies on measured risks. This could then lead to increased leverage, which would add even more liquidity to the global financial system. So there is a view that the risk-taking channel should be incorporated into the models that guide monetary policy.
Let’s try to unpick this argument. In my view, there are two conceptual issues here. The first is the idea that policymakers should only be concerned with risk-taking if it is excessive. But establishing whether or not risk-taking is excessive is quite hard. The second issue is that even if we conclude that there is excessive risk-taking, it is far from clear whether monetary policy would be the best tool to deal with it.
Let’s start with the first issue. What qualifies as excessive risk-taking? Well, there are two conditions. Risks would need to be mispriced, and investments would need to have been financed with a dangerous amount of debt. If these two conditions are met, a financial crisis becomes more likely.
Now, where do we stand on these two issues? Well, there is some evidence that banks in the euro area do indeed provide riskier corporate loans when short-term interest rates are low. It seems that banks tend to grant loans with fewer covenants and lower collateral cover. Such loans are riskier in the sense that in case of a default, the impact on the banks might be larger.
However, it is hard to tell whether this kind of risk-taking is excessive or not. Many studies rely on credit register data which do not include loan interest rates. Thus, it is hard to tell whether the loans are mispriced given the risk they contain. It could just as well be that banks grant loans to riskier companies but do so at higher interest rates, which compensate fairly for the higher loss risk.
This brings us to the second issue. Even if we could say with certainty that risk-taking is excessive, we would still need to be sure that monetary policy is the right tool to deal with it.
Some think it is; others think it isn’t. The latter believe that central banks would run into trouble if they tried to deal with financial stability. This is because it would involve a conflict of interest. To stop a credit-induced bubble, we would need to raise interest rates, and we might need to raise them by a lot. After all, potential profits are huge when there is a bubble, so investors would not be deterred by a modest increase in interest rates. But what if a huge increase in interest rates would derail inflation? Which path should monetary policy take in such a situation?
As the economist Jan Tinbergen has observed, you cannot achieve two goals with just one tool. And attempting to do so would damage the credibility of central banks.
It’s not easy to say who is right. Financial crises are fortunately rare events, and usually there is no single cause. This means, however, that we do not have a whole lot of data to analyse. Still, in the past, monetary policy was used at least in part to prevent bubbles from forming. This was done in the United States in the late 1920s, for instance, and in Japan in the late 1980s. Suffice to say, these episodes did not end well.
So, it seems wise not to rely on monetary policy when it comes to financial stability. And in this sense, the reforms of the institutional architecture in the Eurosystem after the crisis were indeed wise. The ECB’s mandate remains clear: our objective is price stability. But we have also been given powers for microprudential supervision, as well as some macroprudential competences.
On the microprudential side, European banking supervision contributes to the soundness of the banking system. A lot of work has already been done, and we will continue to do more.
First of all, banks are much better capitalised and provisioned than they were in 2014, which makes them more resilient to shocks. Second, we are pushing banks to reduce legacy assets such as non-performing loans. And third, we are requiring banks to improve their risk management, for instance with regard to the internal models they use to calculate the risks associated with the assets they hold.
Macroprudential policy was also developed in the aftermath of the crisis. It still needs to be refined and tested. Available evidence from the euro area and beyond may not be definitive, but it is encouraging. Let me give you a few examples.
With the 2010 Basel III agreement, we introduced countercyclical capital buffers. These can help lean against the build-up of imbalances, and if they cannot fully prevent them, they can at least make banks more resilient in the event of a downturn.
Borrower-based tools also look promising. In Asia, they have been used for many years now. In South Korea, loan-to-value and loan-to-income limits have successfully curbed growth in house prices. But again, more systematic evidence is not clear-cut. Studies based on cross-country evidence show that only loan-to-income limits have had a discernible effect on house prices. But there is still reason to be cautiously optimistic.
And the benefit of macroprudential policy remains clear: it is the most direct way to deal with financial stability concerns. And, over time, we will gather more evidence and gain more experience. This will give us plenty of opportunity to fine-tune these new tools.
But the discussion about the wider effects of monetary policy is not just about financial stability. Particularly here in Germany, there is a fierce debate about who loses out as a result of monetary policy. Many savers feel that they have to bear a huge burden because interest rates are so low. I understand their frustration. After all, I am a saver myself.
However, we are not just savers. Some of us might have taken out a loan to buy an apartment or start a business – we benefit from low interest rates. Some of us may have invested in stocks or bonds – we benefit from rising markets. And some of us may have kept our jobs because monetary policy propped up the economy.
Monetary policy affects people in different ways. In more technical terms: it has an impact on the distribution of wealth and income. And the important question is whether it makes this distribution more unequal. Does it make the rich richer and the poor poorer?
Let’s look at wealth first. Here, the most important item for many households is real estate, the home they live in and any other property they may own. Real estate makes up about 80% of the total assets of households, almost irrespective of their level of prosperity. So, to answer our question, we need to think about how monetary policy affects house prices.
The answer is that quantitative easing raises house prices and, on average, this boosts the net wealth of all households, rich and poor alike. In fact, poorer households might even benefit more because they are more highly leveraged. So their main asset – their house – gains in value, while the debt they used to finance it becomes cheaper.
Now, what about incomes? Well, loose monetary policy props up the economy and thus raises employment. And again, this should mean that people with lower incomes benefit most. After all, unemployment is much higher among those with low incomes than among those with high incomes.
So, it seems that loose monetary policy might also reduce income inequality. However, there are three things that we must keep in mind.
First, the effect of monetary policy on inequality is quite small. In the end, inequality is driven by many things such as technological progress, globalisation and taxes. Compared with these things, monetary policy seems to play a minor role. Second, the effect is temporary. In the long run, monetary policy is neutral; it does not affect real variables such as output. And third, the effect is symmetric. Those who benefit when monetary policy is loosened suffer when it is tightened.
We have to be aware of these effects, of course. But should it be up to monetary policy to actively engage in redistribution policy? Well, monetary policy has a very clear goal: price stability. So, I would argue that monetary policy should focus on this goal and leave other goals to other policy areas, and that includes redistribution policy.
Imagine inflation were sky-high, for a change. Should monetary policy then refrain from raising interest rates because it might alter the distribution of income and wealth? Again, there is a clear conflict of interest as one tool would have to achieve two objectives at once.
That said, the topic of wealth and income distribution is an important one and it should not be taken lightly. I therefore welcome the fact that academia is paying increasing attention to the matter. The ECB is contributing to the debate with our household finance and consumption survey.
And this links to a broader issue. In the crisis, monetary policy has played a key role. However, it is not the only game in town – it cannot be the only game, and it should not be. Monetary policy is not a substitute for other policy areas such as social policy, fiscal policy or labour policy.
As I and many others have repeatedly said, monetary policy cannot resolve the structural problems of the euro area. All it can do is buy time – at an increasing price. So it is time for politics to kick into gear, overcome reform fatigue and do what needs to be done. The current conditions are very favourable.
The good news is that many countries have come a long way. Ireland was the first success story, and I am glad to be able to add countries such as Spain and Portugal to the list. These and other examples show that structural reforms pay off and pave the way for growth to return.
But coming back to inequality, there is one thing we must do. We must ensure that economic growth benefits everyone. To that end, we should not just rely on redistribution policy. It is rather about creating equal opportunities for everyone. In this context, education and equal access to it should be at the top of the to-do list of any government.
So, a lot remains to be done, not just on equality but on growth in general. After all, growth also plays a big role in fighting inequality.
And when it comes to long-term growth, research shows that the quality of institutions plays a major role. At the same time, the quality of institutions differs between countries. So, some countries have scope to improve judicial systems, public administration and insolvency regimes. This would make their economies more resilient and help them to grow.
And I’m not just referring to institutions at the national level. European institutions are not free of deficiencies either. They too need to improve. If we want European citizens to trust Europe, we need to make sure we deliver on our promises.
And there is a long way to go: according to the latest Eurobarometer survey, only 41% of Europeans tend to trust the EU. And the latest election results show that anti-European parties are still on the rise – think of Germany, think of Italy. So there is a need for reform and a need to explain thoroughly how the European Union benefits each and every European citizen.
History does not end for monetary policy. It did not end with the great moderation, and it will not end with the exit from our unconventional measures. There are still many questions that need to be answered, some of which I have discussed in my speech.
But although monetary policy still needs to evolve, it must do so within a certain framework. And this framework is defined by two things.
First, even though central banks have assumed a key role in the crisis, their objective is very clearly defined: to ensure price stability.
Second, to achieve this objective, central banks need to be independent.
Within this framework, we need to answer all the questions which remain open. So, there is still a lot of work to be done in terms of both theoretical and empirical research. That’s where universities come into play. They can help us to gain additional insight, and they can help us to come up with new ideas. From an academic viewpoint, these are certainly interesting times.
Now, history might not end, but you’ll be glad to hear that speeches do. I have raised a few issues that are currently being discussed in connection with monetary policy. And now I look forward to having a discussion with you on these and any other issues you might want to raise.
European Economic Forecast, European Commission, Autumn 2017.
See Blanchard, O., Dell’Ariccia, G. and Mauro, P. (2010), “Rethinking Macroeconomic Policy”, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 42, 199–215; and Krugman, P. (2014), “Inflation targets reconsidered”, ECB Forum on Central Banking, May 2014.
Coibion, O., Gorodnichenko, Y. and Wieland, J. “The Optimal Inflation Rate in New Keynesian Models: Should Central Banks Raise Their Inflation Targets in Light of the Zero Lower Bound?”, The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 79, Issue 4, 1 October 2012, pp. 1371–1406.
See, for example, Borio, C. and Zhu, H. (2008), “Capital regulation, risk-taking and monetary policy: a missing link in the transmission mechanism?”, BIS Working Papers, No 268, BIS, and Adrian, T. and Shin, H.-S. (2010), “Liquidity and leverage”, Journal of Financial Intermediation, Vol. 19, pp. 418-437.
See, for example, Bekaert, G. , Hoerova, M. and Lo Duca, M. (2013), “Risk, uncertainty and monetary policy”, Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 60, Issue 7, pp. 771-788, and Heider, F., Saidi, F. and Schepens, G. (2017), “Life below zero: Bank lending under negative policy rates”, mimeo, available on SSRN.
See Maddaloni, A. and Peydro, J.-L. (2011), “Bank Risk-Taking, Securitization, Supervision, and Low Interest Rates: Evidence from the Euro Area and U.S. Lending Standards”, Review of Financial Studies, Vol. 24, Issue 6, pp. 2121-65 and Jimenez, G., Ongena, S., Peydro, J.-L. and Saurina, J. (2014), “Hazardous Times for Monetary Policy: What Do Twenty-Three Million Bank Loans Say About the Effects of Monetary Policy on Credit Risk-Taking?”, Econometrica, Vol. 82, Issue 2, pp. 463-505.
Igan, D. and Kang, H. (2011), “Do Loan-to-value and Debt-to-Income Limits Work? Evidence from Korea”, IMF Working Paper, IMF.
Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S. and Robinson, J. A. (2005), “Institutions as a Fundamental Cause of Long-Run Growth”, in Aghion, P. and Durlauf, S. (eds.), Handbook of Economic Growth, 1st edition, pp. 385-472. | 2019-04-21T18:55:09Z | https://www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/press/speeches/date/2018/html/ssm.sp180529.en.html |
Like Baba Siri Chand, our Maharaj ji is highly respected by people of all religions. At his invitation, many spiritual leaders have come to honour Baba Siri Chand’s birthday. Yesterday one of our most special guests made a surprise appearance. Thin and weakened by a serious stroke, Father Paulos Mar Gregorios, Past President of the World Council of Churches (the world’s largest Christian organization), bravely made his way up to the stage and was warmly embraced with great love by Maharaj. At the end of the function, he went to Maharaj and took Maharaj’s hand and placed it firmly on his bowed head. He stayed in that position for several minutes, soaking up as much of the blessing as possible.
Father Paulos Mar Gregorios is one of the pre-eminent Christian leaders in the world. He is Past-President of the World Council of Churches and Metropolitan of the Syrian Orthodox Church. He is also a brilliant scholar of all religions. And he considers Baba Virsa Singh his Guru. Often he comes to Maharaj Ji for spiritual guidance. Father Gregorios is so impressed that a Sikh teacher loves Jesus that he has asked Maharaj Ji to attend a meeting of the Orthodox Christian leaders of India so that he can introduce Maharaj Ji to them. To our great amazement, Maharaj has agreed, out of his profound love for Father Gregorios. We are amazed because Maharaj rarely speaks at outside meetings. But he does not want to hurt his friend, and thus he has agreed.
Time passes. Maharaj Ji does not arrive. Father Gregorios periodically makes worried visits to the parking lot, asking us how soon Maharaj Ji will arrive. We ourselves do not know. At last there is some telephone conversation in which Maharaj Ji tells Giani Ji to speak on his behalf. Maharaj himself does not come. Father Gregorios is terribly dismayed, for it is always his desire to display his Guru Maharaj to the world.
Last night Maharaj said that he wanted to pay Father Gregorios a visit of love today, so it was arranged. Maharaj said he had a very strong inner feeling to do so for the past few days. This is highly unusual, for Maharaj has not left Gobind Sadan since August, not even to attend the special programme Father Gregorios had arranged on December 30 to introduce him to Orthodox leaders.
Maharaj says, “The message of God has spread only through the love of such people. When big meetings were held, love was less. What were the meetings of Jesus? As he walked along, he healed the animals, the trees. You cannot confine Jesus in one sect. His is not this earthly light—it is the Light in all Creation.
If we see truly, this is not the fault of the public. If Jesus sits in judgement, he will forgive them all. But He will be annoyed with the priests. He will ask them, ‘What have you done with My message?’ Our soul must first meet Jesus inside in order to understand Him.
Whatever has come from the prophet’s mouth is God’s message. What comes from our mind is not from God. That causes conflicts.
I have full faith that the whole world will change, when He wants. No tree, no sea is outside of His Order. The day that He passes the Order, everything will change.
Jesus was never angry, except in the Temple of Jerusalem,when he saw what the priests were doing. We must understand what He said: ‘Thieves are in my Father’s House.’ Jesus said you can never use love. They were trading love.
God chooses whom He will, but people see only the priests, and they are supposed to see God through them.
We must speak strongly on some big platforms. If priests retreat, the conflicts will end and the people can really worship God. There is no high or low, rich or poor. Everything is standing on love. He forgives people’s sins. Why could priests say they forgive sins? They never tolerated them.
Just see through Jesus how forgiving God is. If His son is so forgiving, imagine His Father.
That is why I love you so much—because you are away from what the others are doing. I don’t like all the seminars, the talks from books. Jesus is in our hearts. Why can’t we speak from our heart? Otherwise, He is not speaking—we are speaking. When He speaks, the whole world will change.
He will soon speak. There is so much power in His voice that the whole world will unite—except those who are giving wrong messages. We must question people why they are saying what Jesus never spoke.
I think you also feel the same. I am waiting for that day.
Jesus was standing behind the dairy in a flowing open robe with long open sleeves. His hair reached to his shoulders, and he had a small natural untrimmed beard. He was a thin, tall figure, more than six feet tall—perhaps six and a half feet—with thin wrists and a thin nose. His voice was very strong, echoing throughout the cosmos. But despite its power, it was also very calm. After he spoke, you could still hear the echoes. He was speaking in several languages. He was standing in a dung-filled place behind the dairy—there was no cleanliness there.
The importance of this place is that Jesus Himself stood there and spoke there. An ocean of healings will happen there at Jesus’ Place. Crores of people will come. I am averse to fame—but if they go there for healing, it has nothing to do with me.
I don’t go to these big functions. Dharma is not a matter of books, speeches, or seminars. Wherever Jesus went, he healed the trees, the animals, the earth under his feet. I feel that Jesus is not Christian. He is Light, in which there are no boundaries. Father Gregorios, in his love, always wants to take me to these meetings. Jesus is love, compassion, service. It’s your choice to identify with any religion, but Jesus gives Light to all Creation. We can say that if our faith is great. People think that Jesus has gone, but He is here, speaking with me.
When I go to the United States, many things happen: allergies, skin problems, heart murmur, hand shaking, digestive problems, breast lumps, pinched nerves, bursitis, etc. I have to drink bottled water there. I used to think it was a matter of jet lag, but if that were so, I would also suffer on coming back to India. Instead, these problems all vanish when I return here and I become stronger and healthier the longer I stay near Maharaj.
The last time I went—to greet my grandson Caleb, the new incarnation of Maharaj’s close sevadar Hervinder Singh—Maharaj had initially said, “Why are you worrying? There are plenty of people over there to take good care of the baby, and you know you get sick whenever you go there.” I didn’t want to take this guidance, so later I took his permission to go a few days after the baby was born. What happened? Not only did my daughter’s family not need me—they hardly even wanted me there for I was dreadfully sick with allergic sneezing, and they were afraid I might have the pneumonic plague which had just broken out in India. They even checked with their doctor to see if I could come near the baby. I spent my time outside miserably allergic, in a tent, and hardly held the baby at all. Not only could I not help—I was a burden on them. Maharaj knew.
When I called Father Gregorios on the phone today, he said that he was so very weak and exhausted these days that he could not even get out of bed. He asked for Maharaj to pray for him.
Later today, we were given the message that Father Gregorios was sending a bishop to see Maharaj. To our great surprise, it turned out that the bishop was Father Gregorios himself. Reaching Gobind Sadan, he struggled to get out of his car and into his wheelchair.
Maharaj was sitting in the lawn but kept offering to go into the house if that would suit Father better. He spoke to him of how happy God is when a person keeps loving Him even in the face of great difficulties.
Then Father Gregorios wheeled himself in his wheelchair over to Jesus’ Place, with Shami pushing. He told Maharaj that he wanted to sit there praying for about ten minutes. After Father Gregorios had sat there in intense silent prayer for some time, Neelu (daughter of Geeta Singh) appeared with a glass of water sent by Maharaj, with instructions for me to place it in the rocks at the base of the cross and pray for Father Gregorios and then give him the water to drink. As I did, the power coming through from Maharaj/Jesus was so strong that my body was shaking.
After Father was wheeled to the house, where Maharaj had tea with him, he said that for the past five days he had very strong inner guidance to go see Maharaj and pray at Jesus’ Place. What he experienced there, he said, was both great peace and great power. He wants to come back again and again and to tell the world about Maharaj and Jesus’ Place. Maharaj says he will become healthier and healthier.
I requested Maharaj to bless a copy of Loving God for Father. To do so, Maharaj got up and stepped to Father’s side. With his left hand he blessed the book, which Father was receiving with two hands, and with his right hand on Father’s bowed head he blessed him for a long time. Father then said he felt much better already—and indeed, there was a rosy glow in his face as he left that certainly had not been there before.
After this incredibly touching encounter, Maharaj spoke to us about Jesus and Mary, who was so blessed by God to be a vehicle for the Light. He said, “The prophet’s light is always passed on to someone,” such as Peter and Guru Gobind Singh’s Five Beloveds.
I learned by phone that you have gone abroad. We have prayed that your physical difficulty will be healed. Your words and your love are so necessary for the world. God will make you strong. Come to Gobind Sadan, and also meet people. They so need God’s Kingdom of which Jesus spoke.
I send you my love and God’s healing. When you read this letter, you will feel this love and this healing very strongly. The energy in the world is not good for health, but I have absolute faith in God that He will bless your health. You are such a person who has given his whole life to speaking of the love of God. Quickly become well, come back, call us, and meet us.
There is a very hidden secret in this. Just as a worldly father is so concerned for his children, as Jesus once said, “Those people are blessed who love and praise my Father in both happy and difficult times.” What we speak of as worldly difficulties are also matters of blessing. By your faith, God will make you well. Special love and concern is being given by God to such as you.
In your inner love, there is no need for letters. Love is an inner feeling of which we cannot speak. We cannot say what it is. I am sending my message of love and my inner feeling to you, that God may bless you. Just so, Jesus was a healer of people, of trees, animals, earth—of all places. With that love, you will be continually healed.
I’ve just returned from a busy 10-day visit to Russia on Maharaj’s behalf. He had seen in vision since childhood that Russians would be the most faithful followers, even though Russia was at that time officially atheistic, and this prophecy is coming true.
Speak only about what you have seen and heard at Gobind Sadan, and nothing else, for this will have a great effect. For your whole life, only speak from your own experiences at Gobind Sadan. Even if everyone is against you, don’t be frightened. People will be wonderstruck with happiness—‘What is she saying?’—like when Jesus spoke. And the newsletters will break the forts [boundaries between religions and people].
After five months, these things will have more effect. The blessings from heaven and the voice from the earth will unite. There will be no chance of clouds’ coming before the sun.
People will be looking for you, for you have led them out of the waves to the Boatman. Many people will have dreams and visions of you, and those hidden people who are reciting Nam will have visions of Gobind Sadan. After two and a half years, there will be a great impression on the minds of the whole world. Then this circle will continue: Many people will have visions and will come here. A flood of people will come, and many people will do parchar (preaching about the mission). Many people from Russia will join you. Speak a lot—it will have quite an effect.
I am no speaker; I have no good memory from which to make a speech. As Maharaj said, I can only speak about my own experience. But what I have witnessed at Gobind Sadan is so powerful and so transformational that I happily speak about it to anyone who will listen.
I also met with an assortment of people such as Stephan Pozenian, whose video team accompanied Maharaj in 1989 when he visited Moscow with Swaranjit Singh, Ludmila Kokhlova, a Punjabi Professor from Moscow State University who is translating Jaap Sahib into Russian for Gobind Sadan, space scientists with interest in spirituality, and members of the Unification Movement living in Moscow who are translating my textbook Living Religions into Russian. One afternoon, many dear Russian sisters and I sqeezed cozily together on the benches around a round table in the home of Ludmila Eliseeva, a spiritual painter who deeply loves Maharaj Ji. As we drank tea and ate home-made foods they had brought to share, we talked about Gobind Sadan and spiritual subjects that are close to all our hearts. They took me to special sacred places, of which my favourite was the sixteenth-century Kolomenskoye Church of the Ascension. An unseen choir was softly singing Orthodox hymns in beautiful polyphony, and those uplifting sounds wafted upward through the extraordinary spiral architecture. All the arts in Russia have deep spiritual wellsprings, and seventy years of official atheism could not quash those sentiments.
Russia has been dear to my heart since my childhood, so I am very grateful that Maharaj’s mission is closely aligned with Russian spirituality. May our Russian sisters and brothers keep coming to Gobind Sadan and carrying Maharaj’s message throughout their homeland.
Father Paulos Mar Gregorios, Syrian Orthodox Metropolitan and former head of the World Council of Churches, is Maharaj’s dear friend. Now he has a serious ailment which limits his activities and may threaten his life. He has come to Maharaj for intimate encouragement.
Some people take on other people’s sufferings by praying for them. Somebody touched Jesus’s garment. That healing passed to her immediately. He [felt that and] asked, “Who is touching my dress?” People who heal always have to take a little of others’ sufferings, as if carrying them on their shoulders.
To understand this is dharma. In love there are no questions. You surrender to Him, and He does. All power comes from Jesus.
You will be all right because you are doing work for the Great Worker. He knows what is happening to you. A child doesn’t know, but the father always takes care of him. Whatever He does is right. Whenever we think correctly, it is only because of Him.
If the priests will move aside, God will come in as a flood.
What can they do without Him? They should move aside and let Him work. But they will only move aside when He chooses.
The more we interfere in His work, the more problems we create for ourselves. Let Him do, and enjoy. We are only His guests. He has given us everything free. If we even thank Him from all the pores in our body, even then we cannot thank enough.
To understand that He is beyond us is the ultimate truth. But yet He is also within us. If He leaves, we are dead.
My feeling is that if people become clean, all Creation will be purified. Our poisonous thoughts pollute the atmosphere. That poison disturbs everything. We should think: Is the Messiah wrong or are we? He said to love and serve. We should decide whether He is right or we are right.
We say that Jesus is great. He is, but not by our saying so.
The time has come that dharma will spread. The bad people who are misusing the Name of God will be exposed. In those conferences about religion, there is no love—just “How can I become famous?” Never bow your head to such a person. Only praise your Father. He is already the most famous. The flowers and trees are praying to Him.
Government leaders always think of themselves, but the main problem has been created by the religious leaders. Always look at what dharma says; try to please God only, not the government or the people.
Stay away from wanting to be famous. If we stay only with God, then God, the public, and we will be happy. If we bring ourselves in, none of us will be happy.
Clean yourself; let His Light of Love enter you. His Light is coming 24 hours a day, but we have closed all the doors. Only a little of that Light passes through those doors. A person who makes forts will never be happy.
Everything is bowing to Him, but we are always interfering. He minds, but He doesn’t scold us because He is full of love. He watches us, laughing. Who has stopped that flow of love from Him? The priests.
People get discouraged with me, for I don’t go to their meetings. But what can I do? I don’t have any inner permission to go. You may consider this my fault—or maybe it’s God’s gift. Everywhere they were going to use my name—not for God, but for their personal reasons.
People are ready to believe, but the person who is speaking is giving wrong guidance. You don’t even have to speak. Vibrations heal. | 2019-04-20T10:15:32Z | http://paulosmargregorios.in/?p=4768 |
Italian Wine: Higher and Higher!
Italian wine has walked a long way. Since the beginnings of Italian enology, wines produced in the boot were appreciated for their quality and many authors of the past have praised them in their writings. Wines which made dream the men living in past times, exported and appreciated everywhere in what was considered - at those times - the known world. Wine was also one the first things produced in Italy to be exported outside the borders of the country, then - as everyone knows - the beverage of Bacchus was followed by other products, art and culture. Wine, after all, fully represents the culture and the expression of the ones making it, therefore - since those times - together with wines was also exported the Italian culture, or at least of that territory that will be called in later times Italy. Then, the fairy tale underwent a time of deep decline, the splendor of Italian enology passed the dark times of the Middle Age and - with alternate fortunes - has come to our days, after having undergone a very long period of productive logic in which quantity was more important than quality.
During this period, the name of Italy abroad was however kept high by other productions, by the delicacies of the Mediterranean cooking, clothes, Italian style and by all the other products generically classified as made in Italy. Among them there was also wine, but its role was certainly marginal, so far from what it was and from what it represented in past times. The decline was not only because of the way wine was generally produced in Italy - lots of quantity and disputable quality - and the few producers who made quality the primary characteristic of their wines, had a pretty hard time in selling their wines, in particular abroad, because of the not very noble fame of Italian wines. And while in Italy they mainly thought about making oceans of ordinary wine, the other countries - including the ones of the so called New World - were taking giant steps forward in terms of quality, progressively getting more and more marketing shares as well as building up a solid fame of quality producers.
In the last 25 years the world of Italian wine - luckily - has lived a revolution in every aspect, both because of the will of some producers who believed in revaluating the enology of this country, as well as because of the increasing interest for Italian wine. These two events, including the renewed worldwide interest for the beverage of Bacchus, have started a change which can be defined as epochal, literally changing the production criteria and - thanks to the progressive introduction of modern technologies and wine making techniques - Italian wine has resumed its way towards quality, suspended for a very long time. The reprise towards quality has begun - at the beginning of the 1980s - with white wines, also helped by the fashion of the moment, followed by red wines and, in recent times, by the excellent production of classic method and Charmat sparkling wines, particularly concentrated in northern Italy.
Even though slowly, Italian wine was attracting the attention of foreign markets again, conquering, once again, the dignity and the role which in past times distinguished Italy. however competition was - as it was easily predictable - pretty tight: progresses obtained by the other countries of the world were surprising and certainly not easy to surpass. Also because the enological production of the competing countries was - and still is today - of excellent quality, therefore consumers, in front of the possibility of choosing a series of products, they prefer, of course, the ones having the higher quality and possibly sold at the most convenient price. A non easy scenery, of course, in which if they would have simply relied on the made in Italy branding - still attracting in every country of the world - this was not enough to ensure to Italian wine a renewed success. It was the time to show facts, not only words.
And the facts have finally arrived. Since many years the quality of Italian wines has indisputably reached levels such to be superior than the one of the many wines coming from the other countries of the world. Whether it was because of the made in Italy branding or not, the charm of culture and Italian tradition, this is not important at all: the result is clear without trying to find a reason or merits somewhere else. Also the figures about the export of Italian wines abroad are very clear. The statistics about the export of Italian wine in 2006 say there was an increase of 13% about quantities and an increase of 9% about profits than 2005. If we consider the holiday period which has just passed - a period in which the sale of sparkling wines increases considerably - the results obtained by bubbles in foreign country are surprising. The sale of Italian sparkling wines in 2006 have recorded an increase of about 17% in quantity and 13% in profits. A result which confirms, once again, the progresses and the results obtained by Italian bubbles, both classic and Charmat methods.
Italian bubbles are getting more and more successful in Japan, acquiring more and more market shares in the country of the rising sun. In Germany Italian wine has considerably increased export, and now it represents the larger share in German market, followed by France and Spain. In the other side of the Atlantic ocean are being recorded encouraging results as well. In the United States of America the sales of Italian wine has considerably increased, including the interest of knowing the history, tradition and the wine areas of Italy. In fact, whereas the situation of the export of Italian wine in the country of the European Union can be considered pretty stable, export has considerably increased in all those countries outside the Union. The first ranking of export is occupied by red wines and, progressively increasing, sparkling wines, an indisputable sign the bubble produced in Italy have reached high quality levels.
This is what has been reported by the ICE - Istituto Nazionale per il Commercio Estero, National Institute for Foreign Commerce - about the export of Italian wine abroad. In this scenery, it is also found out the main share of wine export goes to the regions of northern Italy - representing more than 70% - whereas the export of southern regions is a little more than 5%. A surprising result, by considering the good production of southern regions, in particular of red wines. The good trend of the export of Italian wine in the world is certainly something which confirms the remarkable progresses Italian enology did for quality. The confirmation the hard and tenacious work done by producers for the success of Italian wine was effective and that quality was the main thing asked by wine lovers. The wish is that the result will be confirmed in 2007 as well and that quality of Italian wine will be increased, not only for the joy of the countries of the world in which it is being exported, but also for the joy of wine lovers in Italy. Alla salute!
How is Sciacchetrà produced? How should this wine be served?
Sciacchetrà - according to the local dialect should be called Sciachetrà - is a wine produced in the Cinque Terre, Liguria, locally known as rinforzato (refursà, reinforced). Sciacchetrà is produced with Bosco, Vermentino and Albarola grapes, allowed to dry after harvesting in order to diminish the quantity of water while concentrating sugar. The grapes are then pressed and vinified, therefore obtaining a sweet and thick wine. Sciacchetrà must age at least one year before being commercialized, whereas the Sciacchetrà Riserva requires at least three years. Sciacchetrà is generally served at a temperature of 14° C (57° F) in small dessert wine glasses and it is a good match for confectionery and hard and piquant cheese.
It is said Champagne must be served in the flûte glass and at a temperature of 6-8° C (42-46° F). Does this not excessively penalize aromas?
Champagne is generally served in a flûte glass at a pretty low temperature in order to favor one of the aspects considered to be more elegant for this wine: perlage. The development of carbon dioxide is in fact favored in tall and narrow glasses, with a pretty pointed base, whereas low temperatures avoid the sudden dispersion of this gas, while ensuring a longer lasting of the development of bubbles. However these two characteristics excessively penalize the development and the perception of aromas, also because the flûte is generally filled completely. In the last years it is a common practice to use for Champagne, as well as for other great classic method sparkling wines, a wider flûte glass, in order to ensure not only the development of bubbles, but also a better development of aromas. Temperature has a primary role in the development of aromas and at low temperatures, also in case the wine is served in a wider glass, they are however penalized. For this reason, some bubbly lovers prefer serving these wines in larger glasses - the same used for aged white wines - at a temperature of 10-12° C (50-54° F). This solution penalizes the show of perlage, however allows Champagne to better express its aromatic qualities, a result of years of patient aging in bottle.
You talk about Emilia-Romagna and you think about its rich cuisine, delicious, tasty, exuberant, cordial and hospitable, just like the people living in this region. It is not only the rich and colored cooking of this region to distinguish Emilia-Romagna, but also art, culture and history, as well as the famous cordiality and hospitality of its inhabitants. In this context, so rich and complex, also wine has a specific role, here as somewhere else in Italy, the beverage of Bacchus plays a fundamental role in the culture of the region. The region is divided in two distinct geographical and cultural areas: Emilia, in the western part, and Romagna, in the eastern part. The two areas are not distinguished for the different cooking style only - in both cases rich and tasty - but also for the way they make wine, and therefore the grapes cultivated in vineyards. Emilia is the indisputable homeland of the many Lambrusco, sparkling red wines - or like they are used to call them, sharp and alive - which would certainly be better revaluated. In Romagna wine is mainly made dry and it is produced with Sangiovese, Albana and Pignoletto grapes, as well as other varieties.
The history of vine and wine in Emilia-Romagna has very ancient origins, dated back to the beginning of civilization and everything began, presumably, with the most famous grape of Emilia - the western part of the region - and from which it is produced one of the most famous Italian wines in the world: Lambrusco. This wild grape was known since Virgil's times, and also Pliny the Elder mentioned it in his Naturalis Historia. It was Virgil to tell - in his fifth bucolics - Vitis Labrusca was already known since two thousand years. Pliny the Elder recognized to this grape medical properties and he describes, for the first time, its characteristics. Some archaeological findings confirms the long history of Vitis Labrusca, thanks to the discovery of fossilized seeds and roots belonging to this species, dated back between the twentieth and tenth century b.C. Lambrusco can therefore be defined, with no doubt, the progenitor of viticulture in Emilia-Romagna.
Despite this important archaeological discoveries, there are no reliable information about the use of Vitis Labrusca at those times for the production of wine. The first reliable information about the cultivation of vine and the production of wine in Emilia-Romagna are dated back to the seventh century b.C., at the times of the Villanovian civilization in Verrucchio, near Rimini. The archaeological findings in these areas have in fact allowed to reliably define that at those times the inhabitants of these lands practiced viticulture. Other important evidences about viticulture and production of wine in Emilia-Romagna are also dated back to the times of the Etruscan dominion. Another important evidence is offered by Varro in his De Re Rustica, where he wrote that in the Po valley, after the drainage works done in the area, here were cultivated Albana, Trebbiano, Cagnina and Spergola, varieties which produced huge crops of grapes. During the dominion of Gauls, viticulture will not significantly develop and only after the dominion of ancient Romans the cultivation of the vine and the production of wine will begin to develop.
Viticulture undergoes a new development from the fifth century a.D. on, and it is dated back to this time the introduction from Dalmatia of the Refosco Terrano grape, known in Emilia-Romagna as Cagnina. After the Longobard invasions, in 568 a.D., viticulture and production of wine undergo a period of recession and it will be thanks to the work done by the many religious orders, here as everywhere else in Europe, the cultivation of vine and the production of wine will be kept from further recessions. A significative contribution to the viticulture of this region was done by the monastic order of Benedictine, in particular in the area near Ferrara, from whose activity, in later times, will be originated the viticulture of Bosco Eliceo. There are many interesting documents written in later times and in which are mentioned the many varieties found in the territory of Emilia-Romagna, in particular the Lambrusco varieties. From the seventeenth century on, there are many documents describing the many varieties of Lambrusco, at those times already considered a tamed variety and not a wild variety, widely used for the production of sharp and sparkling wines.
In the 1800s, here as somewhere else, the arrive of phylloxera will stop viticulture. In this context, it is singular the case which happened in the delta of Po river, near the present territory of Bosco Eliceo DOC, where vineyards of Fortana grapes were not affected by this parasite and, still today, they are grafted in the original rootstock instead of American ones. With the end of sharecropping, in the 1900s, in Emilia-Romagna will be established, as well as in other Italian regions, small private estates and many cooperatives of producers, therefore beginning a production based on quantity and that will have Lambrusco as one of its protagonists. This long period of production based on quantity, will also determine the destiny of Lambrusco. If it is true this wine allowed Lambrusco to be known everywhere in the world, in particular in the United States of America, the disputable quality of these productions has originated the common belief this grape is used for the production of ordinary wines only. This prejudice is clearly denied by the many examples of quality productions made with Lambrusco grape.
While the wineries of Emilia-Romagna were focused on the production of huge quantities of wine, in the 1960s some wineries tried to start a production of quality wines, a decision, perhaps, made too early at those times. In 1962, in order to safeguard the image of Romagna's wine, in Faenza was founded the Consorzio Vini Tipici Romagnoli (Consortium for Typical Wines of Romagna) which will then become Ente Tutela Vini di Romagna (Institute for the Safeguarding of Romagna's Wines), distinguished by the unmistakable mark of the Passatore, Stefano Pelloni, the famous bandit who lived in this land in the 1800s. In 1970 was founded another important institution, Enoteca Regionale Emilia-Romagna, which still today is in charge, by law, to the spreading and promotion of the wines of this region. The path for quality of wines in Emilia-Romagna will take in recent years two different although parallel ways, in which they will try to revaluate both the autochthonous varieties of the region, as well as by introducing the so called international varieties, most of the times used together with local varieties.
The wines of Emilia-Romagna are classified according to the quality system in force in Italy, where, to the lowest level of the system, is found Vini da Tavola (Table Wines), followed by Indicazione Geografica Tipica wines (IGT, Typical Geographical Indication), Denominazione d'Origine Controllata (DOC, Denomination of Controlled Origin) and Denominazione d'Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG, Denomination of Controlled and Guaranteed Origin). In Emilia-Romagna are currently defined 20 Denomination of Controlled Origin areas and one Denomination of Controlled and Guaranteed Origin area recognized to Albana di Romagna, the first Italian white wine to achieve this ranking. The 20 DOC areas of Emilia-Romagna are: Bosco Eliceo, Cagnina di Romagna, Colli Bolognesi, Colli di Faenza, Colli di Imola, Colli di Parma, Colli di Rimini, Colli di Scandiano e di Canossa, Colli Piacentini, Colli Romagna Centrale, Lambrusco di Sorbara, Lambrusco Grasparossa di Castelvetro, Lambrusco Salamino di Santa Croce, Pagadebit di Romagna, Reggiano, Reno, Romagna Albana Spumante, Sangiovese di Romagna and Trebbiano di Romagna. The Colli Bolognesi denomination includes the following subareas: Colline di Oliveto, Colline di Riosto, Colline Marconiane, Monte San Pietro, Serravalle, Terre di Montebudello and Zola Predosa.
In Emilia-Romagna the production of wine is made in the whole regional territory, from the western borders to the eastern side of the Adriatic sea coast. Despite regional enology is focused on the production of wines with autochthonous grapes, here the presence of international varieties is pretty high, used both alone, as well as blended with local varieties. The enology of Emilia - the western part of the region - is traditionally associated to the production of sparkling wines, mainly from the many Lambrusco varieties. In the eastern part of the region - Romagna - the production is mainly about dry and sweet wines, both white, mainly produced with Albana, Pignoletto, Trebbiano Romagnolo and Pagadebit (Bombino Bianco) grapes, as well as red, mainly produced with Sangiovese grapes. Among the most common international varieties in Emilia-Romagna are mentioned: Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot.
Albana di Romagna was the first Italian white wine to receive the Denominazione d'Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG) ranking, reserved for the dry, amabile (slightly sweet), sweet and passito styles. The highest ranking achieved by this wine has always been cause of discordant opinions, as there are many detractors of this denomination, because they believe this wine is not worth to belong to the highest ranking of Italian enology. One of the most disputable points in the production disciplinary of Albana di Romagna, is represented by the maximum yield per hectare, currently set to 140 quintals, a value which clearly contrasts wine making quality criteria and that the DOCG ranking should ensure by law. With such a high limit, the quality which can be obtained is pretty disputable, and the best wines produced with this grape are the ones obtained with very low yields, a choice adopted by the best producers only. Of particular interest is the passito (sweet) style, probably the best wines in this denomination.
Among the grapes which mainly distinguish the production of Emilia, there is the large family of lambruschi. The main representatives of this family are Lambrusco di Sorbara, Lambrusco Grasparossa and Lambrusco Salamino, to which are added Lambrusco Marani, Lambrusco Maestri, Lambrusco Montericco and Lambrusco Viadanese, this latter one common in the province of Mantua, in Lombardy. The Lambrusco grape begins to populate the vineyards of the province of Parma and it becomes the absolute protagonist in the ones of Reggio Emilia and Modena, areas in which Lambrusco has deep ties with the traditions of these places and, last but not the least, to the delicious cooking. The wine produced with Lambrusco is dry or amabile (slightly sweet), however sparkling, whose effervescence is generally obtained by natural fermentation. Despite Lambrusco is associated to the image of ordinary wine, there are many producers who, thanks to quality criteria, can make wines of remarkable interest and that should be properly revaluated. Lambrusco gives its best in the hilly areas near the medieval town of Castelvetro - in the province of Modena - where it is produced the Lambrusco Grasparossa di Castelvetro DOC.
In Romagna, red wine means Sangiovese. There are many who believe Romagna is the land from which Sangiovese has originated. As it is commonly known, the name Sangiovese derives from Sangue di Giove (blood of Jupiter), and many believe the definition derives from monte Giove (Jupiter mountain), near Santarcangelo di Romagna, in the province of Rimini, where the grape was clearly cultivated. The results obtained with Sangiovese in the land of Romagna are extremely interesting, however showing organoleptic diversities, from light wines to wines with a good body, with a dry but strong taste. Sangiovese di Romagna was the first wine of the region to achieve the Denominazione d'Origine Controllata (DOC) ranking and it is produced in a pretty vast territory, from the province of Bologna to the eastern coast of the Adriatic sea. Sangiovese di Romagna produced in the best hills of the denomination having an alcohol by volume not lesser than 12%, can make use of the superiore indication, whereas in case it was aged for a period not lesser than two years, it can use in the label the riserva indication.
Among the other wine production areas of Emilia-Romagna, one of the most interesting ones certainly is Colli Piacentini, in the area in which was found the gutturnium. It is a silver jug which gave the name to the most famous wine of this area, Gutturnio, produced with Barbera and Croatina grapes, here known as Bonarda. Among the other interesting wines of Colli Piacentini is mentioned Vin Santo di Vigoleno, a sweet wine produced in limited quantities with aromatic and non aromatic white berried grapes. Among the other areas, it is mentioned Reggiano, and in particular the Colli di Scandiano e Canossa denomination, where - besides wines made with Lambrusco grapes - are also produced interesting wines with international grapes. Going eastward, another interesting denomination is Colli Bolognesi, in which are being produced wines with autochthonous grapes, including Pignoletto, and wines with international grapes, in this area pretty common. Of particular interest is the production of IGT wines, in which the autochthonous grapes frequently meet international varieties, most of the times used alone as well.
In the last years Umbrian enology is mainly famous for one of its autochthonous grapes, precisely, a red berried grape, which is getting more and more successful in Italy and in the rest of the world. Sagrantino, today being one of the most famous sons of the green heart of Italy, is capable of making powerful and robust wines, with rich aromas that the patience of time will make complex, a success that in few years allowed it to reach the top of Italian enology. A singular case, if we consider this grape was about to disappear from the hills of Montefalco and to leave its place to other varieties, capable of ensuring higher yields and, in particular, a better commercial consensus. With its high contents in polyphenols - in this sense, Sagrantino is one of the most rich grapes known - it seemed quite an enterprise to create an elegant wine because of its astringency. For centuries, Sagrantino was used for the traditional wine of Montefalco, a sweet and robust wine which could well matched with the rich meat roasts and pecorino cheese, a tradition which is still today alive in these places.
Few people would have believed from that grape one day would have been possible to make a dry wine, rich and powerful, which could compete, and frequently win, the challenge with other famous wines. The history of Sagrantino, in its dry style, it pretty recent - a little more than 30 years - and it took all the obstinacy and tenacity typical of the people living in Umbria, as well as the firm conviction of some producers who have always believed in their grape. Whether a time the most frequent association with Sagrantino was a sweet and robust wine, today it is its recent dry style to be associated the most - always imposing and robust - as to cast a shadow over the other excellent sweet style. Thirty years of successes, from unknown grape to famous and celebrated grape all over the world: a good revenge for a grape which was destined to disappear from the vineyards of Montefalco and no one wanted to cultivate it anymore.
Sagrantino is a red berried grape from Montefalco and its spreading is practically limited to part of Umbria only. Characterized by intense and pleasing aromas of blackberry, wines produced with Sagrantino grape can also be recognized for their full body and their evident astringency, a characteristic which frequently and negatively affects balance in case it is not properly tamed. For this reason, the vinification of Sagrantino di Montefalco provides for an aging period of at least 30 months, of which at least 12 in cask, sometimes replaced by barrique. The aromas which can be found in Sagrantino are usually exuberant and intense, first of all the one of blackberry - the most frequent and identifying aroma - as well as aromas of black cherry, plum and violet, including tertiary aromas developed during aging that with time will get an interesting complex character.
The purpose of our comparative tasting is to understand the organoleptic qualities of Sagrantino through the expression of three important producers of Montefalco: Arnaldo Caprai, Adanti and Antonelli. By comparing the three wines, we will understand the main organoleptic qualities of Sagrantino, despite the three wines are different one from each other in their interpretation. We will also understand the influence of wood in Sagrantino, as the three producers use different types of casks: Arnaldo Caprai's Sagrantino di Montefalco Collepiano is aged for 22 months in barrique, Adanti's Sagrantino for 26 months in cask, whereas Antonelli's Sagrantino ages for 15 months in cask. For our comparative tasting we will use in all the three cases the wines of the most recent commercialized vintage by the respective producers. The three wines will be served at a temperature of 18° C (65° F), in order to exalt the aromatic profile and to make astringency less aggressive. As usual, the tasting will be done by using three ISO glasses.
Sagrantino is a particularly rich grape in coloring substances. This characteristic can be easily detected, in quality wines, by allowing a light source to pass through the glass while in the opposite side will be put an object - a pencil or simply a finger - in order to evaluate the low transparency. Transparency, as it usually happens in every wine, will increase with time, however it will be strongly affected by the quality of grapes used for the production of the wine. The color typically observed in Sagrantino is intense ruby red, frequently deep and dark as well, with nuances of the same color, frequently garnet red. Thanks to the high quantity of polyphenols, a quality requiring a proper alcohol by volume in order to ensure balance to the wine, Sagrantino can be aged in bottle for many years, a period during which, the color will change. With time, wines produced with Sagrantino will get bright garnet red hues and nuances of the same color or brick red.
We will begin the evaluation of appearance from Antonelli's Sagrantino di Montefalco. By holding the glass tilted on a white surface - such as a towel or a sheet of paper - we will observe at the base of the glass the hue of color. It will be observed an intense ruby red color, with low transparency, whereas the nuances, observed at the edge of the liquid mass towards the opening of the glass, will be characterized by a garnet red color. The evaluation of the second wine's appearance, Adanti's Sagrantino di Montefalco, will reveal pretty similar color than the previous wine: intense ruby red and nuances of garnet red, also in this case, with a pretty low transparency. We will now pass to the evaluation of the third wine, Arnaldo Caprai's Sagrantino di Montefalco Collepiano. The color of this last wine, just like the previous ones, will be characterized by intense ruby red and nuances will be, once again, garnet red. Also in this case transparency will be pretty low, another confirmation about the high contents of coloring substances in Sagrantino.
The aromatic profile of Sagrantino is extremely interesting, both during the first years of aging, as well as after years of aging in bottle. The first aromatic qualities which can be recognized in Sagrantino are the ones of fruits, in particular blackberry, the most typical and identifying aroma in wines produced with this grape. Among the other typical fruit aromas of Sagrantino are also found plum, black cherry and blueberry, whereas the most typical flower aroma is violet. According to the production disciplinary, Sagrantino di Montefalco must be aged for at least 30 months, of which at least 12 months in cask, therefore the aromatic qualities of these wines will also be characterized by tertiary aromas. Besides vanilla, which is the most typical aroma in wines aged in wood - and in particular in barrique - in Sagrantino can also be perceived aromas of licorice, tobacco, chocolate, clover, cinnamon, leather, coffee and cocoa. Also balsamic aromas are frequent in Sagrantino and the most typical of them is menthol, rarely eucalyptus.
The olfactory analysis of our comparative tasting will begin from Antonelli's Sagrantino di Montefalco. By holding the glass in vertical position and without swirling, we will proceed with the evaluation of opening aromas. The first smell will allow the perception of the aromas of blackberry, plum and black cherry, the most frequent and identifying aromas in Sagrantino, in particular, the one of blackberry. We will now swirl the glass in order to favor a proper oxygenation of the wine as well as favoring the development of all the other aromatic sensations. With the second smell will perceive the aromas of violet - the most typical flower aroma in Sagrantino - blueberry and cyclamen, followed by a series of aromas made of vanilla, tobacco, pink pepper, licorice, cinnamon and mace. It should be noticed the excellent balance of the aromatic components, in particular, the balanced contribution of wood, a characteristic typical in Antonelli's red wines. Let's now pass to the olfactory evaluation of the second wine of our comparative tasting: Adanti's Sagrantino di Montefalco.
Opening aromas of this second wine, evaluated by holding the glass in vertical position and without swirling, will be characterized - just like the previous wine - by blackberry, black cherry and plum. After having swirled the glass, we will proceed with the second smell, from which it will be possible to perceive the aromas of violet and blueberry, followed by aromas of vanilla, licorice, cocoa, cinnamon, leather, juniper, pink pepper and tobacco, as well as the refreshing balsamic sensation of menthol. It should be noticed also in this case the balance of wood in the overall aromas of the wine: 26 months in cask, a precise productive choice of Adanti. Also the opening aromas of the third wine, Arnaldo Caprai's Sagrantino di Montefalco Collepiano, will be characterized by blackberry, black cherry and plum, typical in Sagrantino. After having swirled the glass, we will proceed with the second smell from which will be perceived aromas of violet, blueberry, vanilla, chocolate, licorice, tobacco, mace and coffee. It should be noticed the different influence of wood in this wine, balanced with all the other aromas, in this case 22 months in barrique.
One of the main characteristic perceived during the tasting of Sagrantino is represented by the evident astringency, a quality which usually requires a good skill from producers in order to obtain a correct balance of the wine. The control of astringency in Sagrantino - despite this should be considered an absolutely typical characteristic - begins in the vineyard, by scrupulously checking the ripeness of polyphenols in order to avoid the excessive vehemence of harsh tannins in wine. On this regard it is also useful the effect of aging in cask as well as alcohol, which in Sagrantino can also reach 14.5%. Another characteristic of Sagrantino is represented by its robust structure, something which is clearly perceptible during the attack and that continues to be perceived after the wine has been swallowed. It should be remembered Sagrantino is one of the red berried grapes having the highest content in polyphenols.
The first wine we will examine in gustatory evaluation is Antonelli's Sagrantino di Montefalco. The attack is characterized both by structure and astringency, however these two characteristics will soon leave the scene to the perception of alcohol and roundness. It should also be noticed the excellent correspondence to the nose: the blackberry is perceptible in the mouth as well. Let's now pass to the second wine of our comparative tasting: Adanti's Sagrantino di Montefalco. Also in this case will be the astringency and structure to be noticed in the attack, therefore leaving the scene to the alcohol and roundness, balancing the wine and making it very agreeable. Also in this case the correspondence to the nose is excellent. Let's now pass to the third wine: Arnaldo Caprai's Sagrantino di Montefalco Collepiano. Also this wine confirms the character of Sagrantino: a tannic and robust attack which leaves the scene to the perception of alcohol and roundness, making the wine balanced. It should be noticed how the different types of casks and the different aging times affect both roundness and astringency of tannins.
Our comparative tasting allowed us to understand the main qualities of Sagrantino, the extraordinary red grape of Umbria, more precisely, of Montefalco. The finish of Antonelli's Sagrantino di Montefalco is characterized by an excellent persistence in which can be recognized the flavors of blackberry, black cherry and plum. It should be noticed how the perception of structure is evident during the final phases of the tasting as well. The finish of Adanti's Sagrantino di Montefalco is very persistent, also in this case leaving in the mouth, flavors of blackberry, black cherry and plum, as well as the typical perception of structure. Also the finish of Arnaldo Caprai's Sagrantino di Montefalco Collepiano is very persistent with long flavors of blackberry, black cherry and plum, also leaving in the mouth the sensation of a full body. Despite our comparative tasting has considered the dry style only, it should be remembered with Sagrantino is also produced an interesting sweet wine, and thanks to the contrast between sweetness and astringency, it surprises many wine lovers.
This Pinot Noir shows a brilliant ruby red color and nuances of brick red, moderate transparency. The nose reveals intense, clean, pleasing, refined and elegant aromas that start with hints of cherry, plum and dried rose followed by aromas of strawberry, licorice, vanilla, tar,menthol, blueberry, cocoa, cinnamon, clover, leather and tobacco. The mouth has good correspondence to the nose, a pleasing crisp and slightly tannic attack, however balanced by alcohol, full body, intense flavors, agreeable. The finish is persistent with flavors of cherry, plum and strawberry. A well made wine. This Pinot Noir ages for more than 18 months in barrique.
This Franciacorta shows a brilliant golden yellow color and nuances of golden yellow, very transparent, fine and persistent perlage. The nose reveals intense, clean, pleasing, refined and elegant aromas that start with hints of hazelnut, grapefruit and bread crust followed by aromas of yeast, acacia, banana, apple, pear, pineapple, hawthorn, butter and plum. The mouth has good correspondence to the nose, an effervescent and crisp attack, however balanced by alcohol, good body, intense flavors, agreeable. The finish is persistent with flavors of grapefruit, banana and hazelnut. A well made wine. This Franciacorta Extra Brut ages in bottle on its lees for at least 42 months.
This wine shows a intense straw yellow color and nuances of greenish yellow, very transparent. The nose reveals intense clean, pleasing and refined aromas which start with hints of apple, pear and pineapple followed by aromas of almond, hawthorn, broom and plum. The mouth has good correspondence to the nose, a crisp attack and however balanced by alcohol, good body, intense flavors. The finish is persistent with flavors of apple, pear and almond. This Tocai Friulano ages in steel tanks.
The wine shows a brilliant greenish yellow color and nuances of greenish yellow, very transparent. The nose denotes intense, clean, pleasing and refined aromas which start with hints of peach, litchi and pear followed by aromas of nettle, pineapple, elder and broom. The mouth has good correspondence to the nose, a crisp attack and however balanced by alcohol, good body, intense flavors. The finish is persistent with flavors of peach, litchi and pineapple. This Sauvignon ages in steel tanks.
This Sagrantino di Montefalco shows an intense ruby red color and nuances of ruby red, little transparency. The nose denotes intense, clean, pleasing and refined aromas which start with hints of plum, blackberry and black cherry followed by aromas of violet, vanilla, tobacco, carob and mace. The mouth has good correspondence to the nose, a tannic attack and however balanced by alcohol, full body, intense flavors. The finish is persistent with flavors of black cherry, plum and blackberry. This Sagrantino di Montefalco ages for 12 months in cask.
Poggio Madrigale shows a brilliant ruby red color and nuances of garnet red, moderate transparency. The nose reveals intense, clean, pleasing and refined aromas which start with hints of plum jam, black cherry jam and dried violet followed by aromas of blueberry jam, vanilla, carob, tobacco, licorice and menthol. The mouth has good correspondence to the nose, a tannic attack and however balanced by alcohol, good body, intense flavors. The finish is persistent with flavors of plum jam and black cherry jam. Poggio Madrigale ages for 24 months in cask.
This Merlot shows an intense ruby red color and nuances of garnet red, moderate transparency. The nose denotes intense, clean, pleasing and refined aromas that start with hints of black cherry, plum and black currant followed by aromas of vanilla, tobacco, cinnamon, chocolate, pink pepper, licorice and menthol. The mouth has good correspondence to the nose, a slightly tannic attack and pleasing roundness, however balanced by alcohol, good body, intense flavors. The finish is persistent with flavors of black cherry, plum and black currant. Collio Merlot ages for 14 months in barrique, 2 months in steel tanks and 4 months in bottle.
Collio Bianco Cicinis shows an intense golden yellow color and nuances of golden yellow, very transparent. The nose reveals intense, clean, pleasing and refined aromas which start with hints of plum, honey and almond followed by aromas of vanilla, hawthorn, citrus fruit peel, apple, litchi, peach jam, pineapple and bergamot. The mouth has good correspondence to the nose, a crisp attack and pleasing roundness, however balanced by alcohol, good body, intense flavors, agreeable. The finish is persistent with flavors of plum, almond and pineapple. A well made wine. Collio Bianco Cicinis ages for 12 months in barrique followed by 2 months of aging in bottle.
Chianti Classico Castello di Brolio shows an intense ruby red color and nuances of garnet red, little transparency. The nose reveals intense, clean, pleasing, refined and elegant aromas which start with hints of black cherry, plum and black currant followed by aromas of violet, blueberry, vanilla, tobacco, licorice, cocoa, cinnamon, mace and eucalyptus. The mouth has good correspondence to the nose, a tannic attack and however balanced by alcohol, good body, intense flavors, agreeable. The finish is persistent with flavors of black cherry, black currant and plum. A well made wine. Chianti Classico Castello di Brolio ages for 18 months in barrique followed by 8 months of aging in bottle.
Casalferro shows a deep ruby red color and nuances of garnet red, little transparency. The nose reveals intense, clean, pleasing, refined and elegant aromas which start with hints of black cherry, plum and black currant followed by aromas of violet, blackberry, vanilla, toasted wood, tobacco, menthol, mace, licorice, chocolate, cinnamon and leather. The mouth has a very good correspondence to the nose, a tannic attack and however balanced by alcohol, full body, intense flavors, agreeable. The finish is very persistent with long flavors of black cherry, plum and black currant. A well made wine. Casalferro ages for 18 months in barrique.
In the last years the role and the scenery of the enology in the Marches has changed a lot, they have mainly focused - here as somewhere else in Italy - to quality as the primary key for success and mostly based on the autochthonous grapes of the region. Verdicchio has been the first autochthonous grape of the Marches to contribute to the success of the wines of this region, a success which is still today alive and which can be considered - undoubtedly - among the best white wines of Italy. Marches are not Verdicchio only, of course. In the last years are getting more and more famous also the red wines of this region, in particular Rosso Conero, the robust wine from Marches produced with Montepulciano and Sangiovese grapes. To catch the attention of wine lovers towards the enological production of Marches, besides typical wines, there are also the many wines classified as Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT, Typical Geographical Indication) produced with the so called international grapes.
Umani Ronchi is one of the wineries which contributed to the notoriety of wines from Marches all over the world, today considered one of the most prestigious wineries of Italy. Founded in the 1950s by Dr. Gino Umani Ronchi in Cupramontana, the winery was acquired some years later by the Bianchi Bernetti family, who are still the current owners. In the 1970s were built the two wineries of Castelbellino and Osimo, both in the province of Ancona. The winery at Castelbellino was destined to the vinification of Verdicchio grape, whereas the one at Osimo was destined to the vinification of Rosso Conero and to the bottling of the whole production of Umani Ronchi. Beginning from the 1990s, Umani Ronchi winery is led by Massimo Bernetti - who is the current president - and by his son Massimo, who is in charge for the management of the winery.
This change has started a new course at Umani Ronchi, beginning an activity of innovation and research, two fundamental factors in the daily activities of this winery and which also allowed the reorganization and requalification of the whole productive structure. In 2000 has been restored the main winery at Osimo, in which was also built a new room for the aging of wines in casks as well as a tasting room. The expansion of Umani Ronchi also spread to the neighboring Abruzzo region. In fact, in 2002 were acquired 30 hectares of estates inside the area of Colline Teramane for the production of Montepulciano d'Abruzzo. In 2004 was also inaugurated a wine shop, where wine lovers can taste the wines produced by Umani Ronchi. Moreover, in 2005 have been introduced new agricultural methods in vineyards, by using different cultural methods according to each variety.
Red berried grapes are currently cultivated with the spurred cordon system, whereas for white berried grapes is used the simple Guyot method instead. Today the properties of Umani Ronchi cover an area of 110 hectares of vineyards in the production area of Verdicchio Classico, 60 hectares in the Rosso Conero area and, finally, 30 hectares in the Montepulciano d'Abruzzo area, for a total of 200 hectares. The new estates at Roseto degli Abruzzi follows the same productive and qualitative criteria of Umani Ronchi, which in this area will be focused on the production of Montepulciano d'Abruzzo Colline Teramane DOCG. The estate is located in the Casal Thaulero area, in the province of Teramo, where it was built a new vinification cellar, considered a strategical future production center for new wines. Umani Ronchi aims in fact to adopt the same criteria which have ensured the success of their products in the Marches, while keeping the control on every production phase and investing on development and innovation in regard to quality.
Despite the productive philosophy of Umani Ronchi is mainly focused on the valorization of the autochthonous grapes of Marches and Abruzzo, such as Verdicchio and Montepulciano, particular attention is paid to international varieties. In its research and experimentation activities, Umani Ronchi also includes Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot varieties, obtaining results of remarkable interest. One of the most famous wines of Umani Ronchi produced with international grapes is Pelago - produced with Cabernet Sauvignon, Montepulciano and Merlot, ages in barrique for 14 months - a wine which has received prizes and appreciation in every country of the world. Prizes and appreciation that Umani Ronchi also receives with the wines produced with the autochthonous grapes of Marches, such as Rosso Conero Cumaro - produced with 100% Montepulciano - and the excellent Verdicchio Casal di Serra Vecchie Vigne and Plenio.
Umani Ronchi is particularly focused on the experimentation and research, a job done with the cooperation of the University of Ancona and the contribution of wine maker Beppe Caviola. A research done in respect of the varietal characteristics of every grape but with the goal of studying the potentialities of every variety. Wines produced by Umani Ronchi are divided into five families and, despite in each family there are wines produced with the same grapes, they express distinct characteristics by means of the valorization of every vineyard and every variety. Thanks to this productive philosophy, Umani Ronchi is appreciated all over the world for the quality of its wines. The eighty percent of the production is in fact exported in 50 countries of the world and of which the main markets are United States of America, Germany, Japan and England. The success distinguishing Umani Ronchi since many years is based on quality and research, something which is clearly confirmed by its wines that, unfailingly, are appreciated every year by the many wine lovers in Italy and in the world.
This Verdicchio shows a pale straw yellow color and nuances of greenish yellow, very transparent. The nose denotes intense, clean, pleasing and refined aromas which start with hints of pear, apple and hawthorn followed by aromas of almond, pineapple, citrus fruits, peach, plum and hints of mineral. The mouth has good correspondence to the nose, a crisp attack and however balanced by alcohol, good body, intense flavors, agreeable. The finish is persistent with flavors of apple, pear and almond. Verdicchio Casal di Serra ages in steel tanks.
The wine shows an intense ruby red color and nuances of ruby red, little transparency. The nose denotes intense, clean, pleasing and refined aromas which start with hints of black cherry, plum and blueberry followed by aromas of violet, vanilla, black currant, carob, tobacco, blackberry, mace and menthol. The mouth has good correspondence to the nose, a tannic attack and however balanced by alcohol, good body, intense flavors. The finish is persistent with flavors of black cherry, plum and blueberry. Rosso Conero Cumaro ages for 14 months in cask followed by at least 7 months of aging in bottle.
Maximo shows a brilliant amber yellow color and nuances of amber yellow, transparent. The nose denotes intense, clean, pleasing and refined aromas which start with hints of dried apricot, honey and almond followed by aromas of dried fig, peach jam, candied fruit, litchi, melon, citrus fruit peel, pear and nail polish. The mouth has good correspondence to the nose, a sweet attack and pleasing crispness, however balanced by alcohol, good body, intense flavors, agreeable. The finish is persistent with flavors of dried apricot, melon and honey. Maximo is produced with grapes affected by Botrytis Cinerea (noble rot) and ages in steel tanks.
This wine shows a brilliant golden yellow color and nuances of golden yellow, very transparent. The nose denotes intense, clean, pleasing and refined aromas which start with hints of apple, plum and almond followed by aromas of citrus fruits, hawthorn, chamomile, broom, pineapple, hazelnut, pear and citrus fruit peel. The mouth has good correspondence to the nose, a crisp attack and pleasing roundness, however balanced by alcohol, good body, intense flavors, agreeable. The finish is persistent with flavors of apple, plum and almond. A well made wine. Verdicchio Casal di Serra Vecchie Vigne ages in cement tanks.
Pelago shows a deep ruby red color and nuances of ruby red, little transparency. The nose reveals intense, clean, pleasing, refined and elegant aromas which start with hints of black cherry, plum and black currant followed by aromas of blueberry, blackberry, violet, vanilla, licorice, tobacco, chocolate, eucalyptus and hints of lavender. The mouth has good correspondence to the nose, a tannic attack and however balanced by alcohol, full body, intense flavors, agreeable. The finish is persistent with flavors of black cherry, plum and black currant. A well made wine. Pelago ages for 14 months in barrique followed by 12 months of aging in bottle.
This wine shows a brilliant golden yellow color and nuances of golden yellow, very transparent. The nose reveals intense, clean, pleasing, refined and elegant aromas which start with hints of pear, apple and almond followed by aromas of vanilla, honey, peach jam, citrus fruits, pineapple, hawthorn, hazelnut, plum and mineral. The mouth has good correspondence to the nose, a crisp attack and pleasing roundness, however balanced by alcohol, good body, intense flavors, agreeable. The finish is very persistent with long flavors of apple, plum and almond. A well made wine. Verdicchio Riserva Plenio ferments in part in barrique and ages for 8 months in cement tanks followed by 6 months of aging in bottle. | 2019-04-25T22:09:37Z | http://www.diwinetaste.com/dwt/en2007020.php |
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(B) Attempting to do or actually doing any of the following: (i) Accessing data not intended for you, such as logging into a server or an account which you are not authorized to access or reverse lookup, tracing or seeking to trace any information on any other visitor to the Website, or any other customer of Hellhound; (ii) Gaining unauthorized access to any portion or feature of the Website, or any other system or network connected to the Website or to any of our business partners’ servers, systems or networks, by hacking, “password mining” or using any other illegitimate method of accessing data; (iii) Scanning or monitoring the Website for data gathering purposes in an effort to track sales, usage, aggregate offering information, pricing information or similar data; (iv) Scanning, testing or probing the security or configuration of the Website or to breach security or authentication measures; (v) Interfering with service to any user in any manner, including, without limitation, by means of submitting a virus to the Website or attempting to overload, “flood,” “spam,” “mail bomb” or “crash” the Website; or (vi) Use any “deep-link”, “robot”, or other automatic or manual device, software, program, code, algorithm or methodology, to access, copy or monitor any portion of any Website or Content, or in any way reproduce or circumvent the navigational structure or presentation of any Website or Content, or obtain or attempt to obtain any materials or information through any means not purposely made available by us through the Website. We reserve the right to take measures to prevent any such activity.
(C) Using any of the following: (i) Frames, framing techniques or framing technology to enclose any content included on the Website without our express written permission; (ii) Any Website content in any meta tags or any other “hidden text” techniques or technologies without our express written permission; (iii) The Website or any of its contents to advertise or solicit, for any commercial, political or religious purpose or to compete, directly or indirectly, with Hellhound; or (iv) The Website or any of its resources to solicit consumers, vendors or other third-parties to become users or partners of other online or offline services directly or indirectly competitive or potentially competitive with Hellhound, including, without limitation, aggregating current or previously offered deals.
(D) Collecting any of the following: (i) Content from the Website, including, but not limited to, in connection with current or previously offered deals, and featuring such content to consumers in any manner that diverts traffic from the Website without our express written permission; or (ii) Personal information of users, or content of any consumers or vendors.
(E) Engaging in any of the following: (i) Tampering or interfering with the proper functioning of any part, page or area of the Website or any functions or services provided by Hellhound; (ii) Taking any action that places excessive demand on our services or imposes, or may impose, an unreasonable or disproportionately large load on our servers or other portion of our infrastructure (as determined in our sole discretion); (iii) Reselling or repurposing your access to the Website or any purchases made through the Website; (iv) Accessing, monitoring or copying any content from the Website using any “robot,” “spider,” “scraper” or other automated means or any manual process for any purpose without our express written permission; (v) Violating the restrictions in any robot exclusion headers on the Website or bypassing or circumventing other measures employed to prevent or limit access to the Website; (vi) Hyperlinking to the Website from any other website without our initial and ongoing consent; (vii) Acting illegally or maliciously against the business interests or reputation of Hellhound, our vendors or our services; or (viii) Forging headers or otherwise manipulating identifiers in order to disguise the origin of any message or transmittal you send to Hellhound on or through the Website or any service offered on or through the Website.
In order to make a purchase on the Website, you must provide us with your delivery address and billing information. If you have opened an account on Hellhound’s Website and purchased from us before, your delivery address and billing information may already be on file with us, and should be updated by you if necessary. You are responsible for paying all fees and applicable taxes (including but not limited to any applicable international customs duty taxes or similar fees or assessments) associated with the purchased item(s), including but not limited to shipping, delivery and other costs. If your payment method fails, or your account is past due, we may collect fees owed using other collection mechanisms. This includes, without limitation, charging other payment methods on file with us, retaining collection agencies and for accounts over 180 days past due, deducting the amount owed from your approved online payment account.
Hellhound may, in its sole discretion, verify a user’s identity prior to processing a purchase. Hellhound may also refuse to process, or may cancel a purchase, (i) as Hellhound deems necessary or desirable in its sole and absolute discretion; (ii) to comply with applicable law; or (iii) to respond to a case of misrepresentation, fraud or known or potential violations of the law or these Terms. Refunds for cancelled orders may be issued in instances that Hellhound determines appropriate.
If a product becomes unavailable between ordering and processing, Hellhound will either cancel or not process the order, and will notify you by email and issue you a refund.
Descriptions of the products advertised on the Website are provided by the Hellhound. While we attempt to provide description that are as accurate as possible, Hellhound does not warrant that the product descriptions or other Content of the Website is accurate, complete, reliable, current, or error-free, and is not responsible or liable for any performance or quality claims associated with the description of the products. Additionally, Hellhound has made every effort to display as accurately as possible the colors of our products that appear at the Websites. We do not guarantee that the product you purchase will be the color of the corresponding product displayed on the Website, nor can we guarantee any such color is available even if it is listed as available on the Website. We cannot guarantee that your computer monitor’s display of any color will be accurate, complete, reliable or error-free. Hellhound reserves the right to correct any typographical errors, inaccuracies, or omissions on the Website that may relate to product descriptions, pricing and availability in Hellhound’s discretion without prior notice.
Hellhound does not guarantee that it offers best available rates or prices and does not guarantee against pricing errors. Hellhound reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to not process or to cancel any orders placed, if the price was incorrectly posted on the Website. If this occurs, Hellhound will notify you by email. In addition, Hellhound reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to correct any error in the stated retail price of the product(s).
After you place an order on the Website, we will provide you with a tracking number and ship your order to the address designated by you as long as you are compliant with these Terms. You understand and acknowledge that while Hellhound may provide you with an estimated date of delivery for the item(s) purchased, Hellhound makes no guarantee that the item(s) will be delivered before any such provided date. Hellhound shall not be liable for any delays in delivery of purchased item(s) due to circumstances resulting from your actions or inactions or that of another third party. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing provision, Hellhound will not pay any penalty, loss or interest resulting from a delay, difficulty or failure in the delivery of the purchased item(s). We may require verification of information prior to the acceptance and/or shipment of any order. We reserve the right, without prior notice, to limit the order quantity on any product or service and/or to refuse service to any customer.
You acknowledge and understand that once the item(s) you purchased on the Website are paid for by and delivered to you, Hellhound will not accept any returns unless Hellhound determines that Hellhound committed a significant error in describing, packaging, or protecting the item from damage during shipping, and you notify us within 48 hours of receiving the item. However, if you refuse or reject a package shipment of a purchased item(s) after a delivery by Hellhound to the carrier and the item(s) are sent back to Hellhound, you will still be responsible for a restocking fee equal to twenty percent (20%) of the original price of the refused item(s) purchased, plus any additional shipping charges associated with the refusal of delivery. For more information regarding returns please click the following link to see our Returns Policy which applies to the Website, and is incorporated in these Terms by this reference: https://www.hellhoundvintage.com/returns-policy-adirondack/.
Any item listed as “Vintage” on the Website is a previously owned item, and may bear some minor signs of age and/or wear. We disclose all obvious flaws in any products on the Website, and you agree that we are not liable for any defects or flaws in any purchased item(s) that have already been disclosed on the Website. You also acknowledge and understand that the risk of loss for all items purchased pass to you upon delivery of the items by Hellhound to the carrier. You are responsible for filing any claims with carriers for damaged and/or lost shipments.
The Website contains copyrighted material, trademarks and other proprietary information, including, but not limited to, text, software, photos, video, graphics, music and sound and the entire contents of the Website are protected by copyright, trademark and other intellectual property laws of the United States. You may not modify, distribute, publish, store, disseminate, transmit, publicly display, publicly perform, participate in the transfer or sale, create derivative works or in any way exploit any of the content, in whole or in part. Except as otherwise expressly stated under copyright law, no downloading, copying, posting, modification, redistribution, retransmission, publication or commercial exploitation of the content without the prior written consent of Hellhound or the copyright owner is permitted. If downloading, copying, redistribution, retransmission or publication of copyrighted material is permitted, you will make independent attribution and/or make no changes in or deletion of any author attribution, trademark legend or copyright notice. You acknowledge that you do not acquire any ownership rights by downloading copyrighted material. It is Hellhound’s policy to terminate use privileges of any user who infringes the copyright rights of third parties upon receipt of proper notification to Hellhound by the third party or the third party’s legal agent. Any violation of these restrictions may result in a copyright, trademark or other intellectual property right infringement that may subject you to civil and/or criminal penalties.
You will not upload, post or otherwise make available on the Website any material protected by copyright, trademark or other proprietary right without the express permission of the owner of the copyright, trademark or other proprietary right. Hellhound does not have any express burden or responsibility to provide you with indications, markings or anything else that may aid you in determining whether the material in question is copyrighted or trademarked. You will be solely liable for any damage resulting from any infringement of copyrights, trademarks, proprietary rights or any other harm resulting from such a submission.
“Hellhound Vintage”, Hellhound logos and variations thereof found on the Website are trademarks owned by Hellhound and all use of these marks inures to the benefit of Hellhound.
Other marks on the Website not owned by Hellhound may be under license from the trademark owner thereof, in which case such license is for the exclusive benefit and use of Hellhound unless otherwise stated, or may be the property of their respective owners. You may not use Hellhound’s name, logos, trademarks or brands without Hellhound’s express permission.
We do not accept or consider, directly or through any Hellhound employee or agent, unsolicited ideas of any kind, including without limitation, ideas, suggestions or proposals relating to new or improved products, enhancements, names or technologies, advertising and marketing campaigns, plans or other promotions. Do not send us (or any of our employees) any unsolicited ideas, suggestions, proposals, material, images or other work in any form (“Unsolicited Materials”). Our intent is to avoid any misunderstanding in the event that a creative endeavor we commence bears some resemblance to a creative suggestion made by a customer or visitor to the Website. Therefore any Unsolicited Materials or other communication you transmit or post to the Website is and will be considered non-confidential and non-proprietary. If you send us Unsolicited Materials, you understand and agree that the following terms will apply, notwithstanding any cover letter or other terms that accompany them: (i) Hellhound has no obligation to review any Unsolicited Materials, nor to keep any Unsolicited Materials confidential; and (ii) Hellhound will own, and may use and redistribute, Unsolicited Materials for any purpose without restriction and free of any obligation to acknowledge or compensate you.
YOU EXPRESSLY AGREE THAT USE OF THE WEBSITE IS AT YOUR SOLE RISK. NONE OF HELLHOUND, ITS SUBSIDIARIES OR AFFILIATES OR ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, VENDORS, THIRD-PARTY CONTENT PROVIDERS OR LICENSORS OR ANY OF THEIR OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, OWNERS, PARTNERS, MEMBERS, EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS, WARRANT THAT USE OF THE WEBSITE WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED, SECURE, VIRUS-FREE OR ERROR FREE, NOR DO THEY MAKE ANY WARRANTY AS TO (A) THE RESULTS THAT MAY BE OBTAINED FROM USE OF THE WEBSITE, OR (B) THE ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS OR RELIABILITY OF (I) THE CONTENT ON THE WEBSITE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE PRODUCTS OR OTHER AVAILABLE PROGRAMS, OR (II) USER CONTENT PROVIDED THROUGH THE WEBSITE. THE WEBSITE AND ALL CONTENT, USER CONTENT AND OTHER INFORMATION CONTAINED ON THE WEBSITE, PRODUCTS AND OTHER AVAILABLE PROGRAMS ACCESSIBLE OR AVAILABLE THROUGH THE WEBSITE, ARE MADE ACCESSIBLE OR AVAILABLE ON AN “AS IS” AND “AS AVAILABLE” BASIS. TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HELLHOUND HEREBY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO THE OPERATION OF THE WEBSITE OR THE CONTENT, USER CONTENT OR OTHER INFORMATION CONTAINED ON THE WEBSITE, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THOSE OF TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, SUITABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AS WELL AS WARRANTIES IMPLIED FROM A COURSE OF PERFORMANCE OR COURSE OF DEALING.
Residents of California are entitled to the following specific consumer rights information: you may contact the Complaint Assistance Unit of the Division of Consumer Services of the Department of Consumer Affairs by mail at 400 R St., Suite 1080, Sacramento, California, 95814, or by telephone at 916.445.1254.
When you use the Website or send emails to Hellhound, you are communicating with us electronically and consent to receive electronic communications related to your use of the Website. We will communicate with you by email or by posting notices on the Website. You agree that all agreements, notices, disclosures and other communications that are provided to you electronically satisfy any legal requirement that such communications be in writing. Notices from us will be considered delivered to you and effective when sent to the email address you provide on the Website or from which you otherwise email us.
The Website contains links to websites owned by other parties, such as Etsy, Inc., Facebook, Inc., Instagram, Twitter, Inc., and Pinterest, Inc. The Website also occasionally contains links to websites dedicated for vintage and fashion events, expos and/or exhibitions. These links are provided solely as a convenience to you and not because we endorse or have an opinion about the contents on such websites. We expressly disclaim any representations regarding the content or accuracy of materials on such websites or the privacy practices of those websites. If you decide to leave our Website and access websites maintained by other parties, you do so at your own risk. We are not responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, for any damage, loss or liability caused or alleged to be caused by or in connection with any use of or reliance on any content, products or services available on or through any such linked site or resource to the extent that the content, products or services available in question are not owned, maintained or carried out by us.
You agree to defend, indemnify and hold harmless Hellhound, its subsidiaries and affiliates and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents from and against all claims and expenses, including attorneys’ fees, arising out of or related to: (a) any products purchased by you through the Website; (b) any User Content submitted or posted by you, in connection with the Website, or any use of the Website in violation of these Terms; (c) fraud you commit or your intentional misconduct or gross negligence; or (d) your violation of any applicable U.S. or foreign law or rights of a third-party.
You are solely responsible for your interactions with other users of the Website. To the extent permitted under applicable laws, you hereby release Hellhound from any and all claims or liability related to any conduct, speech or User Content, whether online or offline, of any other third-party.
If you a resident of California, you expressly waives the protection of Section 1542 of the California Civil Code, and expressly waives and releases any rights or benefits arising thereunder.
You acknowledge that you are aware that you may hereafter discover facts different from, or in addition to, those which your attorney now knows or believes to be true with respect to the matters released in Section 17 above, and agree that the releases so given in Section 17 above shall be and remain in effect as full and complete releases of the respective claims, notwithstanding any such different additional facts.
Hellhound shall be excused from performance under these Terms, to the extent it is prevented or delayed from performing, in whole or in part, as a result of an event or series of events caused by or resulting from: (a) weather conditions or other elements of nature or acts of God; (b) acts of war, acts of terrorism, insurrection, riots, civil disorders or rebellion; (c) quarantines or embargoes; (d) labor strikes; (e) error or disruption to major computer hardware or networks or software failures; or (g) other causes beyond the reasonable control of Hellhound.
Hellhound will respond appropriately to notices of alleged copyright infringement that comply with the U.S. Digital Millennium Copyright Act ("DMCA"), as set forth below. If you own copyrights in a work and believe that your intellectual property rights in that work have been infringed by an improper posting or distribution of it via this Website, then send us a written notice that includes all of the following: (i) a legend or subject line that says: "DMCA Copyright Infringement Notice"; (ii) a description of the copyrighted work that you claim has been infringed; (iii) the URL of the Website and a description of where the material that you claim is infringing is located on the Website; (iv) your address, telephone number, and e-mail address; (v) a statement by you that you have a good faith belief that the alleged infringing material is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law; (vi) a statement by you, made under penalty of perjury, that all the information in your notice is accurate, and that you are the copyright owner (or, if you are not the copyright owner, then your statement must indicate that you are authorized to act on the behalf of the owner of an exclusive right that is allegedly infringed); and, (vii) your electronic or physical signature.
Hellhound may elect to not respond to DMCA notices that do not comply with all of the foregoing requirements, and Hellhound may elect to remove allegedly infringing material that comes to its attention via notices that do not comply with the DMCA.
You may not assign these Terms, or any rights, benefits or obligations hereunder, by operation of law or otherwise, without the express written permission of Hellhound. Any attempted assignment that does not comply with these Terms shall be null and void. Hellhound may assign these Terms, in whole or in part, to any third-party in its sole discretion.
PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING SECTION CAREFULLY BECAUSE IT REQUIRES YOU TO ARBITRATE CERTAIN DISPUTES AND CLAIMS WITH HELLHOUND AND LIMITS THE MANNER IN WHICH YOU CAN SEEK RELIEF FROM US.
Except for any disputes, claims, suits, actions, causes of action, demands or proceedings (collectively, “Disputes”) arising out of or related to a violation of Section 7 or Disputes in which either party seeks to bring an individual action in small claims court or seeks injunctive or other equitable relief for the alleged unlawful use of intellectual property, including, without limitation, copyrights, trademarks, trade names, logos, trade secrets or patents, you and Hellhound agree (a) to waive your and Hellhound’s respective rights to have any and all Disputes arising from or related to these Terms, the Website and/or goods obtained from or through Hellhound resolved in a court, and (b) to waive your and Hellhound’s respective rights to a jury trial. Instead, you and Hellhound agree to arbitrate Disputes through binding arbitration (which is the referral of a Dispute to one or more persons charged with reviewing the Dispute and making a final and binding determination to resolve it instead of having the Dispute decided by a judge or jury in court).
You and Hellhound agree that any Dispute arising out of or related to these Terms, the Website and/or goods obtained from or through Hellhound is personal to you and Hellhound and that such Dispute will be resolved solely through individual arbitration and will not be brought as a class arbitration, class action or any other type of representative proceeding. You and Hellhound agree that there will be no class arbitration or arbitration in which an individual attempts to resolve a Dispute as a representative of another individual or group of individuals. Further, you and Hellhound agree that a Dispute cannot be brought as a class or other type of representative action, whether within or outside of arbitration, or on behalf of any other individual or group of individuals.
You and Hellhound agree that these Terms affect interstate commerce and that the enforceability of this Section 22 shall be both substantively and procedurally governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. § 1 et seq. (the “FAA”), to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law.
You and Hellhound agree that each party will notify the other party in writing of any arbitrable or small claims Dispute within thirty (30) days of the date it arises, so that the parties can attempt in good faith to resolve the Dispute informally. Notice to Hellhound shall be sent by certified mail or courier to Hellhound Vintage, PO Box 26581, Los Angeles, CA 90026. Your notice must include (a) your name, postal address, telephone number, the email address you use for Hellhound orders, and if different, an email address at which you can be contacted, (b) a description in reasonable detail of the nature or basis of the Dispute, and (c) the specific relief that you are seeking. Our notice to you will be sent electronically in accordance with Section 3 and will include (x) our name, postal address, telephone number and an email address at which we can be contacted with respect to the Dispute, (y) a description in reasonable detail of the nature or basis of the Dispute, and (z) the specific relief that we are seeking. If you and Hellhound cannot agree how to resolve the Dispute within thirty (30) days after the date notice is received by the applicable party, then either you or Hellhound may, as appropriate and in accordance with this Section 22, commence an arbitration proceeding or, to the extent specifically provided for in Section 22(A), file a claim in court.
EXCEPT FOR DISPUTES ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO A VIOLATION OF SECTION 7 OR DISPUTES IN WHICH EITHER PARTY SEEKS TO BRING AN INDIVIDUAL ACTION IN SMALL CLAIMS COURT OR SEEKS INJUNCTIVE OR OTHER EQUITABLE RELIEF FOR THE ALLEGED UNLAWFUL USE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, COPYRIGHTS, TRADEMARKS, TRADE NAMES, LOGOS, TRADE SECRETS OR PATENTS, YOU AND HELLHOUND AGREE THAT ANY DISPUTE MUST BE COMMENCED OR FILED BY YOU OR HELLHOUND WITHIN ONE (1) YEAR OF THE DATE THE DISPUTE AROSE, OTHERWISE THE UNDERLYING CLAIM IS PERMANENTLY BARRED (WHICH MEANS THAT YOU AND Hellhound WILL NO LONGER HAVE THE RIGHT TO ASSERT SUCH CLAIM REGARDING THE DISPUTE). You and Hellhound agree that (a) any arbitration will occur in the State of California, County of Los Angeles, (b) arbitration will be conducted confidentially by a single arbitrator in accordance with the rules of the Judicial Arbitration and Mediation Services (“JAMS”), which are hereby incorporated by reference, and (c) that the state or federal courts of the State of California and the United States, respectively, sitting in the State of California, County of Los Angeles, exclusive jurisdiction over any appeals and the enforcement of an arbitration award. You may also litigate a Dispute in the small claims court located in the county of your billing address if the Dispute meets the requirements to be heard in small claims court.
If any term, clause or provision of this Section 22 is held invalid or unenforceable, it will be so held to the minimum extent required by law, and all other terms, clauses and provisions of this Section 22 will remain valid and enforceable. Further, the waivers set forth in Section 22(B) are severable from the other provisions of these Terms and will remain valid and enforceable, except as prohibited by applicable law.
You have the right to opt out of binding arbitration within thirty (30) days of the date you first accepted the terms of this Section 22 by writing to: Hellhound Vintage, Attn: Hellhound Vintage, PO Box 26581, Los Angeles, CA 90026. In order to be effective, the opt out notice must include your full name and clearly indicate your intent to opt out of binding arbitration. By opting out of binding arbitration, you are agreeing to resolve Disputes in accordance with Section 23.
You agree that for purposes of venue, these Terms was entered into in Los Angeles, California and shall be governed by the laws of the State of California. These Terms, your access to and use of the Website and your order, receipt and use of the purchased goods shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of California, without regard to conflict of law rules or principles (whether of the State of California or any other jurisdiction) that would cause the application of the laws of any other jurisdiction. The arbitration proceeding shall take place and the arbitration award given in writing in Los Angeles, California. Any Dispute between the parties that is not subject to arbitration or cannot be heard in small claims court, shall be resolved in the state or federal courts of the State of California and the United States, respectively, sitting in the State of California, County of Los Angeles, City of Los Angeles. In the event of litigation or arbitration to interpret or enforce the provisions of these Terms, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover all expenses, including reasonable attorney’s fees incurred.
No waiver by either you or Hellhound of any breach or default or failure to exercise any right allowed under these Terms is a waiver of any preceding or subsequent breach or default or a waiver or forfeiture of any similar or future rights under our Terms. The section headings used herein are for convenience only and shall be of no legal force or effect. If a court of competent jurisdiction holds any provision of these Terms invalid, such invalidity shall not affect the enforceability of any other provisions contained in these Terms, and the remaining portions shall continue in full force and effect. | 2019-04-23T04:46:25Z | https://www.hellhoundvintage.com/terms-of-use |
Washington is in a dither over the fiscal cliff. The cliff consists of roughly $500 billion in tax increases that will occur on January 1, 2013 as the Bush-era tax rates expire, along with almost $100 billion in automatic cuts in government spending resulting from the sequester negotiated last year in the deal that extended the tax rates through 2012.
According to conventional wisdom, the resulting drop in government spending and consumer demand will shock the economy, causing it to slow or possibly fall into a recession. While Americans are right to be worried about the economic effects of the fiscal cliff, the subject of that concern should be on the production side of the economy, not the demand side—especially over the long term.
Certainly, we can expect some short-term adjustments in the economy from a cut in federal spending as people leave federal jobs and projects for other work. But, as Milton Friedman pointed out in the 1960s, other things equal, a rise in revenue and drop in spending would reduce federal borrowing and free up saving for others to borrow and spend. There would be no effect on total demand unless the Federal Reserve were to slow its purchases of government debt in reaction to the fiscal shift, and that effect would be due to the change in monetary policy, not the fiscal policy by itself.
The real and very dangerous effect of the fiscal cliff is what the tax rate increases would do to production over the long term. The tax hikes would slash the incentive to produce goods and services in the United States on a permanent basis (or at least until the lower tax rates were restored). Very quickly, there would be job losses. Within a few years, there would be less capital for workers to work with and thus lower productivity gains and commensurately lower wages and salaries.
The fiscal cliff would raise the cost of accumulating capital as higher taxes raise the rate of pre-tax earnings (the “service price”) needed to justify acquiring the plant, equipment, or buildings being considered by investors. The higher taxes would make it less rewarding to expand factories, mines, and farms, and to build additional residential or commercial property. The tax increases would reduce the incentive to enter the work force or to work longer hours either as an employee or in running a business. Lastly, higher taxes would reduce the incentive to save, as opposed to consuming one’s income.
These are the economic effects of tax policy that should be the focus of lawmakers’ attention rather than the so-called distributional tables that simply measure how the tax changes shift the burden between taxpayers of various income levels. Unfortunately, the impact of tax policy on the cost of capital, or service price, is not estimated and conveyed to the Congress by the Joint Tax Committee, the Congressional Budget Office, or the Treasury. As a result, lawmakers make tax policy in the dark, not knowing whether a provision will increase or decrease GDP, employment, and income.
Consequently, in any tax reform effort or grand bargain negotiation about revenues and spending cuts, the congressional and administration bargainers have little to no idea which proposals or provisions have powerful positive effects on growth and need to be preserved, which are especially damaging to the economy and need to be avoided, and which are relatively harmless or relatively useless. This will be a major obstacle to producing a pro-growth resolution of the fiscal cliff situation.
In an effort to shed some light on the situation, we have modeled the effect of most of the taxes involved in the fiscal cliff, using a neo-classical model described in the Appendix. The model produces a simulation of what the policy change would do to the economy, incomes, and tax revenues after all economic adjustments are given time to work. It does not, however, show the annual progression, year by year, from the starting point to the final outcome.
The 10 percent tax bracket was eliminated, merging it with the 15 percent bracket. The 25 percent tax rate was increased to 28 percent, the 28 percent rate to 31 percent, the 33 percent rate to 36 percent, and the 35 percent rate to 39.6 percent. For comparison, the effects of raising the two top tax rates and the bottom four tax rates were run together and separately.
The marriage penalty relief was canceled by reducing the income level at which the 25 percent (soon-to-be 28 percent) bracket begins for joint filers and cutting their standard deduction and the joint return threshold for the phase-out of the EITC.
The upper-income phase-outs of the personal exemptions and up to 80 percent of itemized deductions were restored (the PEP and Pease provisions).
The maximum tax rate on capital gains was raised from 15 percent to 20 percent for the top four income tax brackets and from 0 percent to 10 percent in the 15 percent income tax bracket. Qualified dividends, which are treated like capital gains in 2012, reverted to being taxed as ordinary income, with a top rate of 39.6 percent.
The child credit was reduced from $1,000 to $500.
The estate tax was increased by raising the rate structure to the pre-Bush levels, with a top rate of 55 percent (up from 35 percent in 2012) and by reducing the amount of an estate sheltered by the unified estate and gift tax credit (the “exempt amount”) from $5 million to $1 million.
Two Affordable Care Act surtaxes kick in for 2013. These include the 0.9 percent surtax on HI wages (Medicare, Part A), which raises the tax rate from 2.9 percent to 3.8 percent for wage, salary, and self-employment income above $250,000 for joint filers and $200,000 for single filers, and application of the 3.8 percent HI tax rate to income from savings for taxpayers with adjusted gross incomes above $250,000 (joint) or $200,000 (single).
The results of the tax model simulations reveal a number of key points. Regardless of the initial distribution of a tax change, the economic reactions to a tax reduction distribute the economic gains (or losses in the event of a tax increase) across the board. For example, increasing taxes on capital formation will hurt labor by decreasing wages and employment. On the other hand, cutting taxes on capital will increase wages and employment.
Also, taxpayers need to be aware that each dollar of federal spending costs them several dollars in lost wages and income from savings due to the economic damage from the taxes imposed. In other words, federal spending costs the economy more than the numbers that appear in the federal budget.
Finally, one must count revenue from all sources to determine the revenue effect of a particular tax change. For instance, higher taxes on business owners may raise revenue from them but may lower tax revenue from the people they employ whose incomes are reduced by the reduction in saving, capital formation, productivity, and employment caused by the tax increase on business income.
The tax provisions of the fiscal cliff, taken as a whole, would seriously depress economic activity. As is shown in Table 1, the expiration of all of the tax provisions would lower GDP by 9.61 percent below its projected long run levels (after about ten years). Labor income would be depressed across the board by the same amount, affecting people of all income levels, in all tax brackets. The capital stock would be 23 percent below the levels it would achieve under current tax rates.
On a purely static basis, the tax hike would raise $405 billion per year by the end of the period, but after accounting for the reduced economic activity, the fiscal cliff would actually raise only $11 billion. The overall result of the fiscal cliff is that it would lower GDP by $148 for every $1 of new tax revenues that it raised.
* The model was run on 2008 income levels. The dollar figures were then indexed to the growth in nominal GDP from 2008 to mid-2012 to show what the equivalent values would be in the current economy. This does not account for changes in the types of incomes and capital assets since 2008, data for which will not be available from the IRS and Commerce Department for several years.
** If "N.A.", revenues fall due to drop in GDP. Reducing the child credit had negligible economic effect; its dynamic revenue change reflects income shrinkage caused by other provisions.
Below are the effects of the individual provisions that were modeled, beginning with the provisions that produced the most harm to the economy.
Impact of increased rates on capital gains and dividends. The increases in the tax rates on capital gains and dividends would produce the most harmful economic consequences by far, lowering GDP by more than 6 percent over the long term. Increasing the tax rates on capital gains and dividends would restore much of the double taxation of corporate income that was removed by the 2003 tax reductions. It would account for 70 percent of the rise in the service price of capital under the fiscal cliff. On a static basis, these higher tax rates on capital income appear to raise $82 billion, but they would reduce GDP and payrolls by enough to cost the government $158 billion, after taking the economic consequences into account.
Moreover, these tax rate increases on capital income would reduce labor income by more than 6 percent. The loss of pay would stem from a drop of nearly 1.2 percent in hours worked (equal to about 1.5 million full-time equivalent jobs) plus a drop in the hourly wage of about 5.3 percent for those still working. That is equivalent to a loss of about 8 million jobs at unchanged wages. In this way, the higher taxes on capital are shifted to labor. These estimates are based on the economic losses due to the tax increases only. They do not include further revenue losses likely to result as people delay the taking of capital gains (the “realization effect”) or as companies reduce their dividend payouts (which have risen sharply since the dividend tax rates were reduced in 2003). These tax increases are all pain and no gain.
Impact of increased rates on estates and gifts. The rise in the estate tax is the second most economically harmful provision, in terms of the amount of lost GDP per dollar of estimated static revenue gains. On a static basis, boosting the estate tax rate is estimated to raise $33 billion per year. But after accounting for the economic effects of the tax hike, the provision actually loses the government about $18.5 billion. Thus, as a tool to finance government spending or reducing the deficit, increased estate tax rates are entirely counterproductive, costing taxpayers and the economy substantial income and harm more than whatever is recorded on the federal budget ledger.
Impact of lifting marginal tax rates. The model indicates that increasing marginal income tax rates on all taxpayers would cost the economy $2.20 in lost income for every $1 of new tax revenue collected by the government, after accounting for the policy’s economic effects. Moreover, the marginal rate hikes reduce GDP and labor income by nearly 1.2 percent.
Table 2 separates the economic effects of raising only the top two tax rates (the 33 and 35 percent brackets) and raising the bottom four brackets only (the 10, 15, 25, and 28 percent brackets). The model results indicate that the effects of these policy changes are somewhat disproportionate to the number of taxpayers affected.
For example, while the number of taxpayers affected by boosting the top two tax rates is relatively small, the increase in their tax rates accounts for about 40 percent of the rate-related damage to GDP while raising just 23 percent of the new revenue. Moreover, boosting the top two rates lowers GDP by $3.60 for every $1 dollar of new tax revenue that is raised, while boosting the bottom four tax rates lowers GDP by $1.60 for every $1 dollar of new tax revenue that is raised.
The model finds that the increase in the top rates accounts for about 74 percent of the rate-related rise in the service price of non-corporate capital due to its effect on interest and business income. That is because high income earners receive a disproportionately high share of their income from interest and non-corporate, or pass-through, business income.
* The model was run on 2008 income levels. The dollar figures were then indexed to the growth in nominal GDP from 2008 to mid-2012 to show what the equivalent values would be in the current economy. This does not account for changes in the types of income and capital assets since 2008, data for which will not be available from the IRS and Commerce Department for several years. Parts may not add to total due to interactions.
** If "N.A.", revenues fell due to drop in GDP.
Impact of reversing marriage penalty provisions. The reversal of the marriage penalty relief, while not affecting the uppermost tax rates, would push many joint filers from the 15 percent bracket into the 28 percent bracket, hitting labor and capital income. Thus it is the third most damaging in terms of lost GDP per dollar of revenue raised, causing GDP to fall by $3.80 for every dollar of additional tax revenue collected by the government—although its damage to GDP is less in total size than the effect of the rise in the marginal tax rates. The model suggests that a dollar of government spending or deficit reduction paid for in this manner actually costs Americans $4.80 ($1 in new revenue plus $3.80 in reduced GDP). That would seem like a poor return.
Expensing and small business provisions. We did not include the current 50 percent expensing in the baseline for our fiscal cliff exercise because it was intended to be temporary and is scheduled to expire at the end of the year. As such, it may have resulted mainly in a shift in the timing of investment spending from 2013 to 2012, rather than generate an increase in the level of the stock of capital equipment.
However, if the expensing provision were made permanent, it would be fully incorporated into the service price of capital and would have a much larger impact on the size of the permanent capital stock. The expected fall off in investment in 2013, if the provision expires, may indeed contribute to an economic slowdown in 2013.
This paper, however, is concerned with the permanent, long-run depression of economic activity due to the effect of the higher tax rates on the cost of capital and the incentive to work. In particular, the increase in the top two tax rates would have a powerful negative impact on small business income and production. However, these negative effects could be moderated by extending and increasing the current expensing provisions.
For example, Table 3 compares the economic effects of increasing the top two marginal tax rates alone to the same policy with 50 percent expensing and 100 percent expensing. In isolation, boosting the top two marginal tax rates leads to lower GDP. However, adding either of the expensing options lead to an increase in GDP. Adding the 50 percent expensing option would boost long-term GDP by 0.93 percent, while the 100 percent expensing option would boost GDP by 2.28 percent.
Impact of the Affordable Care Act tax provisions. The ACA’s higher tax rates on capital income for taxpayers earning over $250,000 would lower GDP by 0.54 percent over the long term and labor income by a similar amount. While the provisions are estimated to increase federal tax revenues, GDP is projected to drop by $2.70 for every $1 dollar of new tax revenues, after accounting for the economic effects of the policies.
Impact of reducing the value of the child tax credit. While reducing the value of the child credit to $500 from $1,000 would increase federal tax revenues, we find that this measure would have little or no impact on the economy because it has little effect on marginal effective tax rates and work incentives.
Payroll taxes not modeled. We have not included the temporary payroll tax holiday in the baseline for the fiscal cliff because both parties seem to agree that the provision should be allowed to expire. The holiday reduced the payroll tax rate to 13.3 percent from 15.3 percent through the end of 2012. It is not clear how much additional employment was created by the holiday. Businesses do not like to incur the costs of hiring and training additional workers if they expect to lay them off soon due to higher costs.
The projected losses in potential capital formation, GDP, and income would take time to develop to the full values shown here. The slowdown in investment and job growth would begin at once. However, it would take about 5 years to complete the full reduction in the amount of equipment required by the tax increases and about a 10 year pause in construction to “decumulate” the structures made uneconomical by the rate hikes. Property values of existing buildings would decline quickly, but the failure to construct new buildings would manifest over time. About two-thirds of the shortfall in capital formation occurs within 5 years.
We might expect the tax increases to reduce the growth rate of GDP and employment by between 1 and 1.5 percent a year for the first five years and a bit less than 1 percent for the next five years. Job losses would begin quickly, beginning with a reduction in jobs and hours worked in the machine tool and construction industries. (We are already seeing a marked reduction in investment in the fourth quarter of 2012 in anticipation of higher taxes on capital formation.) After the disinvestment, job losses would continue on a permanent basis in all areas of the economy as people lose the opportunity to work with the lost machinery and industrial and agricultural structures, and lose the jobs associated with the missing commercial buildings over time. The shortfall in productivity would lower wages on a permanent basis.
Initially, tax increases can generate new revenues while the revenue losses from the weaker growth take time to develop and are less visible. Conventional wisdom suggests that the increased revenues will lower the federal deficit which, in turn, will help the economy by increasing national saving. In reality, however, the higher tax rates and revenues reduce private saving and investment which, in turn, offsets any benefits to national saving from the lower deficit.
The fiscal cliff is mainly a tax cliff, and its impact on the economy will mostly come from undermining production, not because it lowers consumer demand or government spending. The tax increases would simply make it harder, more expensive, and less desirable to produce goods and services in the United States.
The tax increases on dividends, capital gains, estates, and to a lesser extent the increases in the marginal tax rates on other income and the repeal of the marriage penalty relief, would raise the cost of accumulating capital, reduce productivity, and cut employment and wages. Most of the expected revenues would be lost to a weaker economy and lower income. To be pro-growth, any solution to the current deficit and the fiscal cliff must rely mainly on spending reductions and must avoid raising taxes at the margin, especially on capital formation.
The long run real after-tax rate of return to physical capital is virtually constant over time, implying that the supply (quantity) of capital is very responsive to changes in the rate of return.
Labor’s share of factor income (and GDP) is virtually constant over the period.
The supply of labor is somewhat inelastic (unresponsive) to its after-tax compensation.
These three assumptions define a set of five basic equations that, when solved, describe a baseline picture of the economy at a point in time. The equations also allow changes in government taxes and spending to yield an alternative picture; that is, to estimate the effect on the economy of a change in fiscal policy.
The first assumption says that real interest rates—which reflect real returns on investment in physical capital such as plant, equipment, and structures—tend to be constant when viewed over long periods. They need not be completely stationary; the assumption merely requires that deviations tend to return toward the average. Observations by economists as early as 1800 suggest this fact, as they found that interest rates in England tended toward its average. The same result appears for the U.S. over the past 60 years. Deviations tend to return to the long run average within 5 years. The mechanics are simple—deviations above the long run average imply attractive returns that encourage extra investment, which drives the returns down, and deviations below the long run average discourage investment, raising the returns over time.
Looking at shares of factor income in businesses, one finds a second virtual constant. The share of factor income going to labor and capital are so constant that more sophisticated alternative explanations are statistically rejected. The implication of this observation is that output can be predicted by a simple relationship that is linear in the logs of output and factor inputs (capital and labor). Furthermore, the compensation paid labor and capital can be predicted as constant percentages of net revenues. Many have tried to estimate alternative models of production, but none have overcome the empirical fact of the constancy of the shares.
Where the first assumption implies that the quantity of capital is highly responsive to its return, labor is much less responsive to changes in compensation. Dividing the labor force into primary and secondary pools reveals that the primary pool (males 15 to 64) is extremely insensitive to compensation (an elasticity of about 0.1), while the secondary pool (primarily women) is much more responsive (elasticities approaching 1). For the work force as a whole, the model assumes an elasticity of labor supply of 0.3; that is a 10 percent increase in real after-tax compensation gives rise to a 3 percent increase in labor services. The model is constructed to allow researchers easily to change this assumption to a lower or higher number as they wish.
The model is constructed by separating the economy into production sectors: corporate and non-corporate private business, households and institutions, government enterprises, and general government. This aligns output according to how products are distributed and how the associated income is taxed. General government does not sell its product in the marketplace while government enterprises do. Institutions and households do not actually sell their products but can be loosely construed as indirectly doing so. All three of these sectors do have employees that pay taxes through the individual income tax. Private businesses produce the lion’s share of output. They pay taxes on their capital income, and their employees pay individual taxes. This division into four sectors provides enough detail to construct tax bases for most taxes.
Each sector is constructed applying the three assumptions outlined above. This provides us with estimates of output and the compensation of capital and labor for the sector. Labor from all sectors is aggregated and the overall wage rate for labor is determined by the assumed response to changes in real after-tax compensation.
One final assumption rounds out the model—that the Federal Reserve changes its policy to maintain the price level at its baseline values. This allows the model to focus on the effect of the spending or tax change rather than on some combination of fiscal policy change with an accompanying monetary change. The secondary benefit is that one does not have to adjust for price changes in determining real compensation for capital and labor.
Using the structure outlined, one can calibrate the model to the chosen baseline. To test a policy change, an alternative fiscal mix of taxes and spending can be entered into the framework. The baseline after-tax rate of return on capital can then be used to calculate what the new pre-tax return must be under the new tax system to provide the same after-tax return being demanded by investors. This pre-tax rate of return on capital determines the associated pre-tax wage rate that must prevail under the existing production technology. The resulting pre-tax wage, less the taxes on labor, tells us the change in the after-tax rate of labor compensation. The assumed elasticity of labor supply then determines how much labor will be supplied in the economy. This then determines how much capital will be employed and finally what the level of output will be.
Output and income are displayed in a manner that permits a calculation of the various tax bases needed to estimate taxes. One can calibrate tax revenue parameters using the baseline either to match the known revenue for a year or to match a baseline such as the CBO revenue forecast. The tax bases can then be used to calculate a detailed set of revenue accounts for federal, state, and local governments. A spending account is added to calculate deficits as well.
See Tax Foundation, The Fiscal Cliff: A Primer, Tax Foundation Special Report No. 204 (Nov. 2012), https://taxfoundation.org/article/fiscal-cliff-primer.
The economic model is keyed to 2008 levels of income and GDP (to utilize an actual set of tax and economic data for the baseline and to produce a picture of the likely effects once we are past the statistical distortions of the recent recession). The dollar figures were then indexed to the growth in nominal GDP from 2008 to mid-2012 to show what the equivalent values would be in the current economy. This does not account for changes in the types of incomes and capital assets since 2008, data for which will not be available from the IRS and Commerce Department for several years.
The taxes were raised to pre-Bush tax cut levels consecutively, “stacked” in the order listed (each run adding a new feature to the elements in the previous run). In earlier papers, provisions were run separately from the baseline, which omits some of the interactions but ducks the question of what to model first. This method captures some of the interactions and makes the total equal the sum of the parts. | 2019-04-23T02:01:35Z | https://taxfoundation.org/diving-fiscal-cliff-economy-rocks |
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"Since this is my first experience at buying I have nothing to compare it to. But the Christina Bailey Group was exceptional. Very professional but also down to earth. Christina kept me up to date on everything and sent me everything I needed. Janie was an exceptional realtor. Very nice and personable. And very helpful! "
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"Thank you! We are so thankful that Abby was available to list our home in Harrisburg. She was our agent when we bought it and did a great job, then! Abby really has gone above and beyond with this listing. We called her from out of state, Kevin from Arkansas and myself from Tennessee. We made a key available to her and she installed a lock box the very next day. She advised us that by using a professional photographer how much better the listing would appeal to potential buyers. She was spot on! I made a joke to her that I would even buy our house! Abby even went the extra mile and tidied up a bit of our clutter so that it looks even better! We couldn’t be happier with our choice! Thank you! "
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"Liz was AWESOME! The part I like the most is that she has become a friend of ours after we bought the house. The whole process was fairly painless which I thought was shocking being that buying a house is such a huge event. I think it’s because Liz and the CB crew are just there for you and really guide you all the way through the process. Anyone considering buying a home in the area should contact Liz and the CB crew, I’m glad my wife and I did. You rock Liz!"
"In today's world everyone wants the one stop shop where you can get everything you need. So when it comes to Real Estate why not expect the same. Christina is a wealth of knowledge and the point of contact for everything from Lenders to Cleaners, Inspectors, Etc. If she doesn't do it herself she knows the best person in town that does and for a reasonable rate. She not only managed selling our home for top dollar but then assisted us in buying a home outside of her typical area. She was willing to drive over 2 hrs. to show us homes and to represent us. She is truly dedicated to her craft. Rest assured when your in her hands that she will be there working for you. I look forward to working with her again when we are ready to find our retirement home. Thanks for everything CB"
"Liz were amazing with all my questions and headaches because becoming a first time homeowner was not an easy task especially when your doing it on your own. Liz was there to guide me every step of the way even when I was wanting to quit a couple times through the process ?? Thanks for all your help and really appreciate everything you did for me to keep me sane. "
"Rob was great to deal with. We were going to wait to see the house we bought because it was in Red Lion and the others were around the Lewisberry area. Rob said "don't wait we'll go down" and he was right, there was already a bid on the house and we beat it, the rest is history. He won't steer you wrong."
"I would strongly recommend Abbie. It was such a great pleasure working with her, was very informative on target and helpful. This is my second home and she made it so much fun. I can guarantee she will go the extra mile to help you and your family needs. Thanks so much for a great experience and helping us find our home. "
"I was very satisfied with how things went in selling my property. Christina and Nicki provided very good communication, and were gracious enough to let me vent a few times; I realize that the problems we encountered were not your fault. Thanks for everything you did on my behalf"
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"We love Nicki! She made finding the perfect home a delightful adventure. She really listened to our needs and dreams and she never grew impatient with us. We even invited Nicki to our house warming party so she could see the home she helped make possible. I would recommend her to anyone looking for their forever home and not just a house."
"Nicki is amazing! She was patient with my husband and I and really listened to what we wanted in a house. Nicki was always very responsive and got back to us quickly. She is very flexible and willing to work her schedule around you and will work hard to get you into showings, even if it is last minute! I have recommended Nicki to multiple family members and friends and will definitely work with her in the future!"
"Nicki is simply the best! When we were going through our buying process, she was my go to gal. If you have any questions or concerns she is quick to answer or find an answer for you. I don't know what I would have done without her!" | 2019-04-19T05:24:57Z | https://www.cbcrewcbrb.com/about/ |
So are you planning to move to a new city from #Hyderabad and wondering what to do with your old household stuff, then you are in a right place. For some of us relocation is a chance of starting something new and for some, it’s putting old life into a new perspective, there are different people with different point of view and likes. So here we are putting solutions for everyone, so you can easily solve your mystery whether to go for selling old items or keeping them rather than buying a new one. If you cherish your belongings and very much attached to them then you are definitely not thinking of selling your old items unless they are outdated and can’t be put to use but if you were waiting for a long time for a chance to get rid your old stuff then relocation is a golden chance for you to change them.
If you are super duper busy or not that confidence for carrying out relocation on your own in Hyderabad then you don’t have to worry for anything, because #Packers and #Movers #Hyderabad are here for you. Packers and Movers Hyderabad working with vastly proficient and trained team from years and to make their work more flawless they are weighted with advance and updated relocation resources. They are from top 4 moving company and certified with IBA and ISO for their work, all this is a result of their hard work and dedication to their work, Packers and Movers Hyderabad value customer satisfaction on the top of their priority list. Packers and Movers Hyderabad #charges are legitimate and authentic that’s why they are also entitled as #cheap and #best #Packers and #Movers in #Hyderabad by their customers.
You will have everything on your hand as soon as your shipment arrives and you don’t have to wait for buying any new.
All yours treasured and cherished items will be with you.
Old items will help you to create your new house feels like a home.
If you want to move economical then keeping your old items rather than exchanging them for a new one can be helpful.
Packing all your household possession can be tedious and lengthy if you are doing it on your own.
You need to find a safe and sound way to relocate your possession in Hyderabad.
Risk of damage will be there while you move your old stuff to a new home.
Need to spend money on packing, loading, unloading and transporting and also on insurance if you opt.
If you are thinking of redesigning and adding some new and fresh styles and decoration to your new home then it’s an easy way to do so.
It’s a wise to choose the option which is economical.
Which you much needed and frequently use.
Functional and convenient to use.
Doesn’t require much maintenance cost.
The condition is well and excellent.
Highly quality items which are not easy to find.
Artwork, antiques, vintage items and collect items unless you don’t like them and you are finding someone who is paying for that really well.
Expensive items which will cost more to replace than you will get.
Packers and Movers Miyapur Hyderabad #rate #list #chart for your relocation will be presented to you when you call them, this will comprise proficient vendors rate list who vie within themselves to present us best.
A big decisions in life what to choose should I buy a house or should I live in a rented one?
Most of the people are confused what to do and then even don’t get a right person to guide them. However you could have enough money to buy a new house what you think buying will be the better option to opt? Although buying a house is not a big thing nor takes too time for legal works but still if you want to buy a house let Packers and Movers Hyderabad make you correct. Buying a house is not easy you have to search for a right house at right location and also to look at the things inside the house deeply and rates too. However making it fit to rent a house in new place can be easy to find. But still to make it more convenient for you to understand why you should always rent a house rather than buying it Safe and Professional Packers and Movers Hyderabad will give you the reasons why you should opt for renting house rather than buying one.
There is nothing wrong if you are planning to have your own place, house or roof but looking to the situation you should make an intelligent decision. If your job is such which demands #shifting after duration then what to do, every time buying and selling property can give you a loss. You will know that as you buy a new thing even after a day the price decreases with some deduction so everything investing won’t be a good choice until you are fix to stick to a single place for at least 10 years of your life.
Reasons why renting is better than purchasing a house| packers and movers in Hyderabad.
Purchasing or buying a house is not easy you have to pay lot of taxes and this might kill your pockets. Taxes differ with system and locations like #India too have different taxes to different places and if you move out from India then taxes can be more. So choose it wisely what to do with living section.
Obviously if you plan to buy a new house your pockets will suffer lot because it’s a good investment and although this recovery can take huge time and make you settle down fast in a smooth way.
After spending huge amount on buying you become financially unstable and unable. Else than if you rent a house you have your cards to spend on right situation and location in urgency too.
If you are living in a rent house you are flexible to go anywhere means if location doesn’t suits you; you can shift to another house in different location this is the flexibility you get when you live in rented house. But living in your own house, the place is fixed to live.
In a rent house the bills of maintenance are not your priority to pay it’s the responsibility of the landlord. But living in your own house @ any small issue you have to use your credit cards that mean for maintenance you have to spend and your pockets.
Living on rent you have a fixed rate for a month however it increases after a year with the increment of few percentage %. So renting is better as you have a fixed ratio what to give on rent and how to manage for rest of the things. However if you have a good connection with your landlord on your difficult times they might help you to live without rent for few months and after then as you get, you pay.
Well this is all the major advantages and reasons why you should live in a rent house rather than buy a new one and invest money unnecessary. Shifting and #packing will be handling by Packers and Movers in Hyderabad you just search what you have to do with living options.
Use Already Existing Things In Your House Rather Than Buying New Things While Relocating To Another Place – Safe And Secure Packers and Movers Hyderabad.
After spending a huge amount on several things and destinations you finally arrived with one biggest problem that is shifting in Hyderabad. Now what to do which results in diminishing the overall cost of moving and packing in #household #shifting in Hyderabad with Packers and Movers Hyderabad? Although there are many ways to cut down such bigger expenses which are being the best and finest one this is the confusion. Because sometimes in order to pay more we choose such path which ultimately takes us to the position where we are supposed to pay just double what we were going to pay in the beginning. And this is the fact, isn’t it? So why to choose the path like this which harms you just double rather than spend a limited amount of money which gives you security and assurance at least hire Packers and Movers in Hyderabad and Packers and Movers Hyderabad #price #quotes for better shifting experience and affordable budgets. However, quotations are much affordable with us but safe and secure Packers and Movers Hyderabad suggest you follow the given tips mentioned below which will help you to decrease your budget by pulling it down just by doing interesting and easy steps which are embraced by full security sheets.
Effective tips to save cost by using already exists things in your house for packing by Packers and Movers Hyderabad.
Don’t get so shocked by looking that finding a box in a house is a joke? When you know if you have boxes can’t you pack own and buy few more to complete the session. Well yes, you don’t know what type of or how much boxes you can find in your house. With good materials of packaging too; however, you might have electric appliances and computers and laptops which come with a good coverage of hard boxes, sheets, and bubble wraps. Then to decrease the no. of boxes when shifting Packers and Movers Hyderabad suggests you pack the appliances and other items into their own boxes so that they will wrap in good security possessions and you can make use of the boxes which are ideally sitting in your stores.
When doing household shifting in Hyderabad with Packers and Movers of Alizapur Hyderabad obviously you will be carrying your complete household stuff ranges including on season and off-season stuff. Will be also packing blankets and towels, other bed sheets then why don’t you use this to pack rest of items. Like every room your room will also have some photographs, washroom mirrors, makeup stuffs and other breakable items what you can do is pack them with newspaper coverage holding with tapes and place them in between the blankets or towels which gives safe security coverage and also you can use this idea to decrease extra boxes for such. But remember to mention on the box that this blankets box contains the things you put so that by chance if you forget this hint will make you remember again.
Well, every house and refrigerator is obsessed with the bottles and especially in summer, we used to have no. of bottles for filling child water. However, while household shifting in Hyderabad you have to wrap these bottles or jugs into the boxes rather than you can make use of it and fill these empty bottles with other liquid items of the kitchen so that you can make use of the free bottles and also extra containers got free for different things. But make sure to keep these bottles straight and cover tightly with a small piece of sheets so that none of the stuff got spat or spread inside the box.
For making your jewelry safe and packed you can use your airtight kitchen containers for putting your oxidized or imitation jewelry. Definitely, a woman owns the bulk of accessories with them so packing and placing would be somewhere difficult so better you these kitchen wears. Wrap them in polythene sheets, place a cotton layer on the surface of the container and now put your accessories. This is one of the best ways to secure your accessories items.
Homeowners and businesses avail storage units for various reasons in #Hyderabad. May be wants to store excess inventory, may be you are remodeling or adding onto a business or maybe you just sold your home and not shifting to a new place for a while, then your storage units is your last resort for storing your household goods, so it’s become necessary to choose the storage unit which stands up to our needs without breaking our budgets, since each storage units offers no. of niceties, so it’s must to analyze each points so you can choose the one which Can fit according to your need. So today I am here to tell you about top 5 niceties to look into a storage facility in Hyderabad and why they are important.
Before moving ahead if you want helping hands in your household or corporate move in Hyderabad then I can suggest you the one whom you can go for without worrying about the reliability and safety of your goods, that is #Packers and #Movers #Hyderabad. Packers and Movers in Hyderabad are working from years in the relocation service sector with the highly trained and proficient teams, and to make them more flawless they have all type of relocation assets in advance condition. Movers #and Packers Hyderabad #charges are legitimate and genuine and to work out on this Packers and Movers Hyderabad #price #quotes are offered to us after they completely free in-house estimation of your home in Hyderabad this method is simple but very effective for computing accurate price, also Packers and Movers Hyderabad #rate #list #chart from their different vendors will be given to us, who view themselves so to serve you the best. Packers and Movers Hyderabad provide all kind of relocation services like- #household #relocation services in Hyderabad, #office #relocation in Hyderabad, #pet and #plant relocation services in Hyderabad, #warehousing and #storage facility in Hyderabad, insurance services etc.
To preventing metal from rusting.
Protect important documents, books, and paper from degrading.
Keep wood furniture from warping.
Keep your household goods safe from damp basement condition.
Cars, boats, trucks and RV’s can take up a huge amount of space when not in use, to protect your items, select a self-storage facility which can accommodate vehicles or have outdoor space for storing larger boats, RV’s and trucks.
Your storage service provider in Hyderabad should be available to answers all your questions and have the staffs who can assist us in our storage process even after hours.
Free transportation of your household goods to storage units from your home.
Discounted moving supplies, including boxes etc.
24/7 video surveillance: surveillance cameras not only provide the service provider with the information who is coming or going out but also help in identifying any suspicious activity on time.
Enough Indoor and outdoor lighting: ensure walkways and surrounding areas are well lit.
Passcode protected entry gates: because of this, only those who are authorized like employee and tenants can have access to the storage units.
Door alarms and locks: security system can dispatch emergency signals in case of an attempted break-in.
Before selecting your storage unit in Hyderabad compare your needs with the facility provide by the storage service provider and then choose, and for any assistance in your relocation contact Packers and Movers Meerpet Hyderabad and feel burden less.
Look At The Brighter Side Of Relocation| All The Amazing Things About Relocation.
During relocation period it was seen that some people so much concentrate on negative points of relocation that they forget to think about the good ones and lead them to depression and anxiety. Some of the points which you shouldn’t think about more because to avoid situation of stress during move like -increasing moving cost, lack of sufficient time for preparation, tense about your goods safety and security, genuine concern about our children’s and pets, how we will settle in new place, how our neighbors will be etc. So you don’t have to worry if you hire a good partner for your move in Hyderabad and give some thoughts to positive points of relocations.
If you are looking for suitable assistance for your Household Relocation in Hyderabad then you can give some thoughts to #Packers and #Movers #Hyderabad. Packers and Movers Hyderabad is a real pro in relocation track and has highly experienced and competent team who serve us using updated relocation technology and equipment in Hyderabad. Packers and Movers Hyderabad #charges are genuine and reasonable, for implementing this objective Packers and Movers Hyderabad #rate #list #chart from their different vendors will be given to us related to our relocation, advantage of this is that vendors will compete among themselves so to present their best that’s why their customer also calls them as #cheap and #best Packers and Movers in Hyderabad. Packers and Movers Hyderabad lend us an option for our move, if you are super busy then you can take end to end relocation services related to your relocation if you want only some specific then you can hire only some according to your requirement and for our goods safety, they also have allegiance to the insurance company.
When we move to a new place we search for the place which can stand up to our requirements, wants and absence of the elements which disturb or down us, then we will able to create more flow in life.
Well, where you are living right now in Hyderabad may not have the things or environment which you want for your life, so changing to a new place will give a chance to fill your new home with the things or environment you desire for.
Moving to a new place from Hyderabad will give you a chance to clean up the clutter you have accumulated in your home; this will help you in space optimization by clearing out the items and things which you no longer want. The more you take the more you have to handle the mess and expenses, so it’s better to get rid of them on time; you have two ways to do so either to go for sale or donation.
Moving to a new place is all about the change and here we have to think about the positive effects of relocation. Change comes in many forms and on many levels. The most basic chance you will face is discovering something new every day, you will able to explore the new place which will bring brand new adventure in life, and also new place will bring new city thrill.
This point is something really important, household relocation will give a unique chance to re-evaluate what really matters to you in your life. When you are moving away from your comfort zone and loved ones you will able to realize what really matters in your life.
When you are moving away from your current location in Hyderabad it will help you to look your life from a different angle. Make a detail list of the things you want to accomplish in your life, make amendments in your goal if any, when we move away from our loved ones because of accomplishing our goals for what we are moving will able to concentrate on them fully, so to get back pour place as fast as we can.
For whether the reason you are changing, the change will bring a fresh start to your life not only physically but mentally too. When you are moving to a new place you will have new goals and objectives and for accomplishing them you will have new methods which you can call us a fresh start of something.
For any assistance in your Household Relocation in Hyderabad be free to contact Packers and Movers Hyderabad To Delhi and for more assurance check out Packers and Movers Hyderabad #reviews.
Having a small sized house is a problem because where the world is stepping into new technology everyday no matter it’s spacing less but yet can grab large spaces.
Whether you own every new device or not but household things take spaces in your house. T.V., refrigerator, washing machines, computers, mixers and etc. what you think these do not grab large spaces? Well according to us YES, it all combined grabs large spaces. Many people live in small houses in Hyderabad as it has a shortage of houses, flats and living areas. Whatever you get be happy in that; is the strategy you have to follow while living in #Hyderabad. Families living in small houses changes their house due to this reason some of times. Shifting can be due to irritated with small house and with the increasing in family you #need a big house ad extra rooms which is not possible in a small house. Thereby whenever you are #relocating whatever may be reason behind this, find large space house to a new place so that you don’t face the same crises.
Challenges You Might Face When Living In A Small House In Hyderabad.
Usage of time in making your house organized.
When you have a small house you #need to manage to place and put every item in such a manner that it doesn’t look like a messed closet. So it could take huge time in sorting the things and arranging them in right places so that you can also find a place to sit and sleep and the house do not look like a clutter closet. However searching a large house in new #city when shifting with Packers and Movers in Hyderabad can be very helpful for this.
Crises of management the living.
If you have a joint or large family then this small house problem can be problematic issue as in a small house it hardly becomes easy to settle the things in right position and also making an adequate space for living for every member in your family. However this issue can be resolved if you have a large house. So better if decided to shift to another place so try to make it shift into a large space so your daily problems are resolved.
Like for every small or big festival you can celebrate it with your family in itself your house just you and your family members would be enough no. of people to celebrate and this becomes a party point. But when you live in a small house of Hyderabad you need to rethink about such family get together or celebrations because you need to adjust so many things to make it available for the guests and party area. This issue can be again resolved when living in a large space house.
Property values impact when you think to sell.
As Packers and Movers in Hyderabad is helping you to relocate #safe with good prices and before you shift if you want to sell your house in Hyderabad and are in thought to purchase a new one then this selling can be difficult because due to small size the property values can be diminished.
You might have been clear with the point of reliable and genuine #Movers and #Packers in #Hyderabad that our motive is not show you down by pointing that you live in a small house. But our motive is to encourage you that if everything is fixed regarding shifting and packing from Hyderabad and you are also planning to rent other house or purchase a new one then why not a large one. As living in a small house every time you #need to compromise with your needs and living style you dream to have for always. That is why Packers and Movers in Hyderabad household shifting charges approx. suggests you to now find a large space of living in whichever city or location you are thinking or planning to relocate. This won’t be a huge issue because when you are shifting your house form large space to small house you need to do lot of things including de-clutter the things and many others but when you are shifting form small house to big one you already have limited stuffs so there won’t be any issue of rearranging the articles in new house. So hire the best services of shifting @ Packers and Movers Akividu.
How To Stay Positive And Care Free While Relocating Your House To A Different City?
Relocating house and household stuff to a different city from Hyderabad is not an easy task because so many things run in your minds continuously and your stress level increases due to the things you are re-thinking again and again. This over-thinking causes stress and tension and you lose your temper and do unwanted things which could even change your moving path to most difficult ones. This is such a query you even can’t find a solution from any helper. Many vendors in Hyderabad will tell you to hire us for lessening down the burdens but in the reality the stress increases because you still have doubts how this company will work, wish none form damage or steal your stuff, in stress if any of the items got misplaced and etc. a stress with stress isn’t it?
So how to overcome these stress queries and stay calm and positive while shifting should ask from Packers and Movers Hyderabad.
this tip of reinventing or revive yourself is very unique and incredible especially when you are relocating from Hyderabad to a different city with #household #shifting in #Hyderabad. Find the same soul of yourself what you used to have when you were @15 or near to it. Once again feel the same joy, happiness, and fun what you used to feel when you were packing for the trips and tours. Bring the same soul in you and enjoy this moving from Hyderabad plannings with Packers and Movers in Hyderabad #household #shifting services. This will help you to stay positive while so much of stress of relocating and you will stay calm while moving.
The most exciting way you can fell in your heart is with the excitement of #shifting and #moving from Hyderabad. Wherever you are shifting from Hyderabad to any city if you have your childhood friends or college or known people are living in that city or near to your society or even within it then this excitement of meeting them will encourage you to shift now. Make new friends in your society so that this move will become more interesting and you will love to move fast.
Hire Packers and Movers in Hyderabad and go and live your life in a new way. When we are here to make you move safe and fats from Hyderabad to your desire city then why you are taking the burden on your minds. Go for something you love, go for some movie sessions, shopping party or even spa day and feel relax and meanwhile #Movers and #Packers #Hyderabad household shifting charges approx. will pack your household items and make you let move to your location safely and fastly. For creating positive environment while packing and moving, you should first make your mind and heart positive, calm and stay careless. We are here to handle your all problems.
This should be your aim when you are finally saying goodbye to your Hyderabad. No matter what age you own but still you should be energetic and enthusiasm for finding new things in Hyderabad and leaving every new or old thing, place Hyderabad has. God knows when you will get an opportunity to shift to Hyderabad again so live a better life and enjoy every new place or thing in Hyderabad before you step out from it with Packers and Movers in Hyderabad. Try new things and make new memories.
Yeah, finally you can move with affordable pockets with Packers and Movers Hyderabad #price #quotes. Think about the new environment and culture your new location possesses. Try to find out new things and activities the new city has and be energetic for what you will be experiencing in future. Are you ready to experience a new culture in the new city? If NO then hires Packers and Movers Hyderabad household shifting #charges approx. immediately to avoid the stress of packing and shifting of household goods and stay calm positive in shifting.
A house consists of multiple electronic items which even you don’t know but when it’s about household shifting in Hyderabad you got confused how to handle and pack electronics items for a safe shift in Hyderabad. Whether it is electronic or a digital stuff when you doing household shifting in Hyderabad with packers and movers in Hyderabad then there are few things you should remember. If you hire us for whole service range then take a deep breath and rest because we will do every minute task for your household shifting but if you are hiring us only for shifting and then you must know the packaging tips.
How to warp any electronic or digital item when moving to another city from Hyderabad?
As Movers and Packers in Chandanagar Hyderabad told you that you even don’t know the actual quantity of electronic or digital item in your house and but when you are preparing your stuff for household shifting in Hyderabad you find no. of items to be counted in electronic or either digital section but are still worried how to warp them because there are several things to keep in mind while making them prepare for Packing and Shifting in Hyderabad. So here is a guide to common things you can sail find I your houses and which are uncounted in electronic or wither digital section.
Guide to wrap your household electronic items; by packers and movers Hyderabad household shifting charges.
So if firstly remove all the electronic equipment from the devices like CD’s, Pen drives, cables and even a battery before you pack any item. So make sure to keep all the removed items in a single bag with marked hints that these are the part of such --------- device.
Do not forget to take a backup of software, applications or other important data from your computer or laptops before packing them.
The key point of packing any electronic item is wrapping them in their original packaging box to maintain the safety and insurance of the device. Because such boxes are made of the hard cardboard boxes and also has a bou8ndary layout of thermacols and bubble wraps. So whenever you purchase to make sure to keep their boxes with you as it also has the same size so there won’t be any issue to find extra same size box and other required thermacol or bubble wraps.
LCS, plasma television or even LED make them packed inside their own original boxes for better shifting experience like a professional can make it for you.
Now when moving refrigerators make sure you have emptied all the contents inside the freeze to avoid damaging and also close the freezing option at the upper part of your refrigerator before moving date at least 3-5 before so that icebox and trays are now easy to pack for safety.
While wrapping speakers put them in an upright position to avoid the internal damages of the components of the speakers.
Make a separate box for the cables, extra chargers and other free wires so that they don’t roam here and there and are packed in a single box and also remember that fold wires individually and make a tie with either waste cloth piece or tape so that while unpacking the box you can easily find out and distinguish between the required wire from the bunch of wires.
Make a small size box for all the remotes you have in the overall house. Your T.V. remotes, music system remotes, AC remotes and other remotes #pack them separately in polythene bags with wrapping bubble wraps so none from there button goes lose or broken and also pack them a box to avoid confusion and time wastage. Paste a slip of room no. or indicate with hint codes that which remote belongs to which AC room as if you can have multiple AC’s in your house or even multiple similar remotes.
Always remember that all the heavy items of your household should be placed @ bottom of the box and the lightweight items @ the top to avoid damage to the items having lightweights. #Household #shifting in Hyderabad can be much easier and fun loving with #Packers and #Movers in #Hyderabad so hire for best quality services in Hyderabad in best quotes @Packers and Movers Hyderabad price quotes.
When we are moving to a new city it’s really important for us to take steps which contribute to saving because we are unfamiliar from the upcoming situation and to cope up to the uncertainties saving is a must. We know relocation expense is unavoidable when we are relocating to a new place, but one thing under our control that is outflow or expenditure on #Relocation and if you follow some practical tips which I am going to tell you today you can move according to our motto of saving more.
If you are searching for Professional Movers in Hyderabad then I would like to suggest the one which will be your perfect partner in any type of move in #Hyderabad, that is #packers and #movers #Hyderabad. Packers and Movers Hyderabad have highly trained and experienced team for taking out our relocation to make their work more flawless they are loaded with advance relocation assets. After working so hard and delicately from years today packers and movers Hyderabad are from top 4 moving companies and also certified by IBA for their work. They are price sensitive, that’s why packers and movers Hyderabad #charges are reasonable and moderate, to fulfill this objective Packers and Movers Hyderabad are correlated with the proficient vendors who compete within themselves and present the best to their customers, more Packers and Movers Hyderabad #price #quotes presented to us only after they complete in-house estimation of our home, this is very simple but effective method to estimate relocation price accurately, because of these traits they are also known as #cheap and #best packers and movers in Hyderabad. Packers and Movers in Hyderabad provide all kind of relocation services whether #household #relocation in Hyderabad or #corporate #relocation in Hyderabad for more details you can visit our site.
When we plan in advance we can reduce the burden, stress, and expenses of our relocation in Hyderabad, because when we have enough time we can exploit various options and get the best, we can collect free moving boxes from, local businesses or search sites and can reduce the packing expenses, we can calmly and orderly can take care of our relocation work and can look up to the other matters freely like updating our address in various documents.
Many companies offer #Relocation package to their employee that include the cost of traveling, moving your household goods and reimbursement of storage cost, so before moving to a new place from Hyderabad ask about the relocation package offered by your new employer.
Most of us not aware that we can take deduction of moving expense under the income tax if we satisfy the conditions the law demands and one of the basic conditions for that is the receipt of moving expenses and for more contact your tax advisor or experts of Packers and Movers in Hyderabad and enjoy the deduction form your tax.
If you’re moving date is flexible then it's best to choose the one in the off-peak moving season so you can enjoy the various discounts and deals offered by the moving companies in Hyderabad.
Another economical tip is to avoid scheduling your moving date on weekends and holidays.
How much space will your household goods need?
Will you need any storage facility in Hyderabad?
Do you have any special items in your household’s goods?
Are you shipping your car or driving it on your own?
Are you Availing #pet and #plant #relocation #services by Packers and Movers Hyderabad Ameerpet or not?
What will be my shipment arrival date?
Is there availability of parking in both the location and how far?
Can you pack your household good on your own or need any assistance?
By selling the items which you no longer want you can decrease the moving expenses by paying from the selling amount of unwanted items and reducing a load of Relocation in Hyderabad.
For more assurance check out Movers and Packers Hyderabad #reviews.
While You Focus On Switching Your Job, Let The Best Packers And Movers Hyderabad Take Care Of Your Relocation.
Are you planning to move to a new city or out of the country for grabbing the best opportunities related to your job? If yes! Then you are in right place because while you focus on switching your job and taking other factors into account, you will need someone whom you can rely on your #household #shifting in #Hyderabad and I know the one whom you can entrust with your goods, when you are #moving to a new place you have to be conscious of the expenditure and saving because we can never accurately estimate the future situations but we can cope up with them by making appropriate measures in advance and also when we shift from one location to another we have to take other important matters in account beside searching and hiring the #bestpackersandmovershyderabad for our #householdrelocation in Hyderabad, like change in financial and essential documents, look out for the house and school in new city etc. for all these we need enough time and someone whom we can put our confidence related to our work. So today we will see how we can find best, reliable, reasonable and efficient #movers in #Hyderabad for our move.
Packers and Movers in Hyderabad are engaged in this job from years and serving us with the help of deeply experienced and qualified team and to make them more perfect in every type of #relocation work they are loaded with each and every kind of relocation assets in updated condition. #Packers and #movers #Hyderabad work hard and sincerely to satisfy their customer’s to the fullest satisfaction, that’s why they are also certified by IBA and ISO. Packers and Movers Hyderabad are from top 4 leading moving companies, even being #toppackersandmoversHyderabadcharges are legitimate and affordable, that’s why they also call with another name that is #cheap and #bestpackersandmoversinhyderabad. To provide accuracy in price estimation packers and movers Hyderabad correlated with different vendors, so to serve us competitive rates in one platform and packers and movers Hyderabad #price #quotes will be given to us only after they carry out a free check of our home.
If you avail Shared truck facility then your household goods will be transported with 1 or 2 customer’s goods and in private only your goods is transported that’s why it is costly then shared, packers and movers in Hyderabad provide both these facilities for your move.
If you hire extra labor then it will cost you extra.
There is an extra cost for packing special items like fine art, artifacts etc.
In #localhouseholdshifting distance doesn’t matter if you are moving in the same apartment or in the same house.
Packers and movers Hyderabad provide both kind of insurance transit and full insurance for your household relocation in Hyderabad.
I hope this article will be of some help to you, if you want more confidence in #moversand packersHyderabad work then check at out Packers and Movers Hyderabad Reviews and ratings.
Family is such a part of life which is being always so special and supportive but sometimes the situation is wrong or what should we say they react just opposite to the decisions we take. And as you take a decision to move from Hyderabad you are all set with mind and heart to relocate from Hyderabad to the decided place but if your family is against you or not supporting you in making a step forwards for #moving and #shifting then?
However there are several diplomatic situations and conditions can be occur during hiring or packing for transformation therefore Packers and Movers in Hyderabad wants you to encourage your family and kids to be a supportive stand when you are about to shift from Hyderabad with Packers and Movers Hyderabad.
Encourage your family to help you in packing for the move and also make it simple and easy when lots of hands are together for working the task automatically finishes on time. Is it necessary to shift immediately needs a family support? According to us it’s not like that in every situation whether today or tomorrow you need a support from your family that is why you should ask and take help from your family in packing when moving out from Hyderabad to a new city with Packers and Movers Hyderabad.
Moving And Packing Won’t Be Fun But This Will Be With Your Family; Involve Your Family In Packing In Hyderabad.
Prepare your family in advance.
YES, the most crucial and vital step to do is no issues if due to your personal reason you are taking such decisions to move from Hyderabad but make a dinner date with whole family members and let them know about such decisions you are thinking to follow. Prepare every single member of your family for shifting to a new place. Letting them know @ last is much better than tell them in advance so that they can give you suggestion and ideas what to do and how to do. Packers and Movers Hyderabad wants you to clear the shifting situation as clear as water is so that @ the end your plan doesn’t gets cancel and you can be save from huge loose if you hire any professional and pay them in advance.
Split duties among family members.
Rather than taking every load and stress of packing and shifting on your shoulder make it simple and interesting by diving the duties and time limit to every member of your family which also improves your relation because taking any decision you are consulting with others and finalizing it and also everyone can initiatively take part into the #relocation tasks because they are assigned with some works and duties which they have to complete so with indulging of everyone this job of packing and shifting can be fabulous according to #Movers and #Packers #Hyderabad.
Ask everyone to remove clutters from their rooms.
It’s a better option rather than going into every room and picking the clutters and deciding what to do either donate or sell them or even send them into recycle bin. You can also ask your family to pick out those products from their rooms which are no more in use or in want by them. This is what saves your time when everyone is individually working in their rooms and searching to throw out unused items @ the end you all can sit and decide what to do with this now?
Ask kids to put their toys in box.
The worst work can be collecting the toys from whole house and now sorting it according to physical assessments they are right in condition or not. If YES they will be packed for the new house and if NOT then remove them or give them to other kids. So you can also save this time by making it in a fun way and making your kids got buys in finding toys from whole house and placing them into box. You can also give them perks like if you do so you will give your favorite food or chocolates or any promise of taking them to malls or video games and etc. such perks will encourage your kids and they will help you in #packing of their toy room. | 2019-04-19T20:24:26Z | https://blog.packersmovershyderabadcity.in/2018/04/ |
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There's a strong and cold wind blowing through California today. It isn't making me warm and fuzzy that I have to leave my heater off during the day - and much of the night - because I can't afford a $300 gas bill every month.
Yes, I know - supply and demand and all that. But I also remember how Enron and their co-conspirators manipulated the costs of energy supplies to make sinful amounts of profit. But there always comes a time when any action - good or evil - is called to account.
Kenny-boy Lay and Jeff Skilling are the former top officers of Enron, and their trial will soon begin. But considering some of the news out of Houston, I'm wondering if there aren't moves afoot to throw the case.
This trial isn't the only high-profile case in Texas. Tom DeLay's trial will be starting up almost simultaneously, and I plan on watching these stories as much as my time allows, for two of these men are key to the domestic political stability of Bu$hCo. Lay as a poster boy for how the lowly 99 Percenters are conducting a witch-hunt against corporate executives/GOP campaign contributors, DeLay for how the non-neo-cons are to blame for his troubles.
I'm going to focus on Lay/Skilling this trip, because without funds, Tom DeLay would still be spraying cockroaches in Sugarland.
I've been on two juries in my time, once as foreman. I have heard the judges describing to counsel what the rules are going to be for each case. I have heard both judges tell counsel that they better have all of their evidence ready as of the start of trial, for if they don't have a damn good reason for presenting evidence at a later time, it could jeopardize their case.
Prosecutors cut a whole section of allegations of fraudulent circumventing of accounting standards in a series of structures known as Hawaii 125-0. But those were to be used largely against former top accountant Rick Causey, who has since pleaded guilty and will not be at the defense table in trial.
OK - this I can understand to a point. If the evidence isn't clear that Lay and/or Skilling were directly involved, it might be better just to let these charges drop. After all, they did get one jail sentence out of it so far.
[T]he government now plans to prove it was Skilling who, in a July 12, 2001, analyst conference call, specifically lied by saying Enron Energy Services was reorganized "to get some more efficiency" when it was really reorganized largely to conceal losses.
Mark Koenig, the former head of Enron's investor relations section, previously confessed to saying this himself when he pleaded guilty. But Koenig changed his plea agreement, saying he listed to a tape of the call and realized it was Skilling who made that statement.
Can you already hear the defense attorneys taking that one to town? It would sound like some of the comment threads we've been having lately!
The former executives have been complaining this week that prosecutors were late with a promised revision of what they plan to put into evidence.
"We're one week away from trial, and they are adding things. I don't think the judge will tolerate it at this late date," Lay lawyer Mike Ramsey said.
So it's up to the judge. What's he like?
The judge presiding over the fraud and conspiracy trial of Enron Corp. founder Kenneth Lay and former CEO Jeffrey Skilling isn't overpowering, but he leaves no question about who's boss.
U.S. District Judge Sim Lake doesn't raise his voice or otherwise draw attention to himself. But he quietly commands respect, and will politely cut off rambling attorneys to keep the proceedings in his Houston courtroom going.
Lake gained attention from white-collar crime attorneys across the country nearly two years ago when he sentenced former Dynegy Inc. finance executive Jamie Olis to 24 years in prison for his role in pushing through a 2001 scheme to disguise debt as cash flow.
At the time, Lake was bound by federal sentencing guidelines that required harsh sentences for defendants held responsible for more than $100 million in investor losses tied to the crime. Those guidelines are now advisory only, and an appeals panel last year threw out the sentence because the amount was unreasonable.
Lake has yet to re-sentence Olis, but has indicated he won't side with Olis' contention that no specific amount can be attributed to his crime.
Sure, right now the judge is a little busy. There may even be a pending back-room deal with the prosecutors to squeeze Olis a little to see what he might have on Lay or Skilling which is keeping Lake from finalizing Olis. the point is, Olis' case isn't a good one to judge the judge. What else has he done?
Lake has imposed harsh white-collar crime sentences before.
In October, 1999 he sentenced former day trader Alton Dane Hudnall to 25 years in prison for conspiring with five others to defraud 500 European investors of $53 million in a money laundering scheme. Hudnall was convicted of 26 counts of money laundering, 17 counts of wire fraud and one count of conspiracy.
OK - I like that! A case similar to Enron in some respects, only the take was orders of magnitude smaller. What else hath Lake wrought?
[I]n June 1995 Lake sentenced former Houston socialite Teresa Rodriguez to nearly 22 years in prison on 36 counts of wire fraud, mail fraud and money laundering for bilking 375 investors of $69 million.
I'm beginning to notice a pattern here - one I like a lot!
Both men face decades in prison if convicted. They have pleaded not guilty.
Skilling faces 35 counts of fraud, conspiracy, insider trading and lying to auditors for allegedly conspiring to hide Enron's precarious financial state from investors in the years before the company crashed into bankruptcy in December 2001.
Lay faces seven counts of fraud and conspiracy for allegedly perpetuating the scam after Skilling resigned in August that year. Lay also faces one count of bank fraud and three counts of lying to banks in a separate case alleging he reneged on agreements with banks not to use $75 million in loans to buy margin stock. Lake will decide the outcome of that case in a bench trial to commence shortly after jurors in the conspiracy case begin deliberating.
OK! Tough on crime! Even if the perp is a Pioneer! Doesn't that expose Judge Lake to charges of political motives, as were thrown at DeLay procecutor Ronnie Earle?
Lake, 61, a former environmental litigator with Fulbright & Jaworski, was appointed to the federal bench by President Reagan in 1988.
I'd love to hear the argument that the Judge is a partisan Democrat!
Could a case be made that the judge should recuse himself because he's not well-regarded by counsel?
Lake also earns consistently high ratings from Houston-area lawyers in the Houston Bar Association's annual judicial preference poll. In the most recent poll, about 250 lawyers gave Lake nearly 70 percent or higher approval ratings for following the law, treating attorneys courteously, fairness, efficiency and hard work and preparedness. Only one of his eight judicial colleagues in Houston, U.S. District Judge Lee Rosenthal, received higher ratings.
"He certainly has found his calling," said Stephen Dillard, a Fulbright & Jaworski partner who worked with Lake before he was appointed to the bench. Dillard said that as a trial lawyer, Lake was concise, direct, and wasted neither words nor time. Lake retained those habits as a judge, he said.
"He will be the consummate impartial jurist," noted Jay Brown, a Houston civil litigator. "He will bend over backward to be extremely fair to both sides."
"He's exactly what you would think of if you were to get a judge from central casting -- smart and respectful," said Nancy Rapaport, dean of the University of Houston Law Center. "He's got the right demeanor for a trial that's going to take this long and be that serious." It's estimated that the Enron trial will last four months.
OK, assuming the prosecution doesn't blow their case fooling around up to the last minute, and the judge can't be besmirched, there's only one hope left - the jury has to be nullified.
We all remember all the talk about jury nullification during the aftermath of the OJ murder trial, so I don't think I need to go over all of that ground again.
Powerful defense lawyers or not, the fate of Enron Corp. founder Kenneth Lay and former CEO Jeffrey Skilling will lie in the hands of a dozen Houston-area citizens chosen to determine the outcome of the fraud and conspiracy trial stemming from the energy company's spectacular 2001 implosion.
Last November, about 400 potential jurors among the 4.7 million residents in the 13-county area from which Houston federal juries are drawn filled out questionnaires in the first step of jury selection. That pool has been whittled to 164.
Experts say that makes jury selection a critical step in trying to ferret out people who will decide guilt or innocence based only on evidence they see and hear. "Cases are, for the most part, won or lost during jury selection. You can still lose a case -- but for the most part, jury selection is the time to advance your themes," said David Berg, a Houston civil litigator and author of The Trial Lawyer: What It Takes to Win.
Daniel Petrocelli, Skilling's lead trial lawyer says "a significant number" of potential jurors who expressed intensely negative views toward Lay and Skilling remain in the pool.
He said in court papers that potential jurors called Lay and Skilling "guilty -- criminally and morally," and "guilty and personally involved in this whole mess." Some jurors called Skilling "the devil," and "a high class crook" while Lay was labeled by some as "a snake in the grass", "a selfish, greedy man" and "holier-than-thou."
If true, I can hear the clerks working up the appeal papers now.
The defense teams want the trial moved out of Houston to find a fair panel because of those responses and a "rage of adverse publicity" surrounding former Enron chief accounting officer Richard Causey's decision last month to plead guilty to securities fraud rather than face trial alongside Lay and Skilling.
Hmmmmmm... Causey pled guilty rather than go to trial with Lay and Skilling. Causey was the 16th ex-Enron executive to plead guilty and agree to cooperate with the government. "Unlike his former peer, Causey didn't skim millions of dollars for himself from shady deals and therefore would bring less baggage to the witness stand."
Mark Koenig (cited above) did also, as did Chief Financial Officer Andrew Fastow, his assistant Michael Kopper, former Enron treasurer Ben Glisan, and many others are facing having to make that same choice.
Considering that of six trials already conluded - with five already convicted and one acquitted [more here] - there isn't much of a defense for most of the Enron executives. It also doesn't help that two ex-Dynegy execs in on the scheme pled guilty.
Thus, one can understand the desire of the defense counsel to move the trial out of Houston, as there is already a lot of circumstantial evidence - much os which will likely become factual evidence as testimony begins - and overt hostilty against the defendants (something that doesn't seem to be of any importance in the Padilla case, but I digress).
But never fear, the Multinational Corporate Media rises to the defense of one of its own. CBS' legal consultant, Attorney Andrew Cohen, agress that the trial should be moved, as does Forbes' Greg Levine.
A year ago U.S. District Judge Sim Lake denied the first defense request to move the trial from Houston and has yet to rule on the second request. But he indicated in a recent hearing that the second request will be denied as well when he asked defense lawyers and prosecutors if any more hearings were needed before jury selection begins on Jan. 30.
[from embedded link]It is highly unlikely that U.S. District Judge Sim Lake would move the trial at this point. Prosecutors argue that nothing has changed since the judge last told the defendants the case would not be moved.
Barring a change of venue, the defense teams want to question potential jurors individually. That's the practice in selecting jurors for capital murder cases in Texas. Individual questioning often makes for lengthy jury selection, but attorneys can ask more specific questions based on each potential juror's questionnaire answer.
But in federal court, judges commonly handle what's called voir dire, asking general questions about bias to the entire pool, letting individuals raise their hands to indicate "yes" and "no."
The judge also has repeatedly denied defense requests to question jurors individually.
Unless Lake changes his mind, he will ask the questions, and allow attorneys to inquire further privately based on potential jurors' initial responses.
Ah! If only Lance Ito had shown such judicial 'activism'! But I digress.
Nancy Rapaport, dean of the University of Houston Law Center, said that if Lake handles the overall questioning, he takes control and defense lawyers and prosecutors can't start arguing their cases during jury selection. "If a judge is asking the questions, then a lot of that pretrial jockeying for position doesn't happen," she said. "This is a way to set the tone for the whole trial."
Rapaport also said that although Houston is Enron's epicenter, she believes that once jurors are chosen, even those who express strong opinions will base a verdict on the evidence -- or lack thereof.
One one of the trials I sat on had jurors who developed bias against the plaintiff as it progressed. Others changed positions, but in the end, it was details presented in court that decided the verdict. So it should be in the case of Lay and Skilling.
This brings us back to the prosecutors, who have yet to make their case since the trial hasn't started, but are still reported to be changing their strategy and the charges they will prosecute.
It's almost the Super Bowl of corporate ethics.
If the top Enron guys win, then it's still open season for executive self-dealing and, fairly or not, a sad sign that the super rich can wiggle out of any legal entanglement.
If they lose and face serious fines and jail time? Maybe that's a signal that this country will stop winking at corporate corruption. Maybe there's some reason for investors to feel a bit more confident when buying the stocks of corporations.
At one point, Fortune magazine reported, Skilling declared, "I am Enron." Can anyone who has followed the Enron investigation in good conscience believe Skilling and Lay played no part in this empire of cards?
Jack Ballinger of bluecollarpolitics.com had this to add about Lay: "I'm guessing that when Causey "participated with Lay on conference calls and analyst meetings", Kenny boy was dealing with something other than baseball scores and gossip about Lindsay Lohan."
Prosecutors will be under intense pressure to put Skilling and Lay away. What kind of message will America's jilted investors - and the thousands of Enron employees who lost their pensions - hear if Skilling or Lay walks?
Why is Martha Stewart with the crooks who cheated at the expense of employees, customers and shareholders.... Do you honestly believe Martha Stewart should be in rank with Enron, Tyco, Worldcom crooks? She only sold her shares of Imclone before it tanked.
Another commenter added: "The Enron execs hurt a lot of Americans ... Martha really only hurt herself (and her broker)!"
No bias against Lay and Skilling here! Don't you DARE move along!
Former Enron chief Kenneth Lay has vowed to tell jurors from the witness stand that he knew nothing about crimes committed at the energy company. In a campaign of public appearances since his indictment last year, Lay has conceded only that he erred in trusting Andrew Fastow, the ex-Enron chief financial officer now cooperating with the government against him.
It’s a risky approach, legal experts say. In the crackdown on corporate fraud, claiming innocence by virtue of ignorance has a checkered history. Also known as the “dummy” or “ostrich” defense, it has led to the convictions of such high-profile corporate criminals as Adelphia’s John Rigas and WorldCom’s Bernard Ebbers.
Michael Clark, a former federal prosecutor who has become a defense attorney, said directions given at the end of the trial could prove critical, particularly if U. S. District Judge Sim Lake provides an “ostrich instruction,” telling jurors to convict if the defendants tried to avoid knowing the obvious. That sort of “reckless indifference” could be a “real issue” for Lay.
That doesn't dound like it's going to go well for Lay, does it?
But Wait, Kenny-boy! All is not yet lost!
Is that why Brenda Moran was getting lots of calls asking her to move to Houston ASAP?
pessimist :: 5:34 PM :: Comments (8) :: TrackBack (0) :: Digg It! | 2019-04-23T00:01:24Z | http://www.theleftcoaster.com/archives/006613.php |
Warming of the global climate is likely to have substantial consequences -- for better and worse -- around the United States in coming decades, including bumper crops in the heartland, chronic erosion of coasts, summer water shortages and winter floods in the West and a future New York City that steams in summer like present-day Atlanta.
These are a few of the predictions made in the first thorough federal assessment of the possible effect on the country, region by region, of a warming trend that many scientists expect will characterize coming decades.
Increasingly, mainstream scientists are concluding that a buildup of heat-trapping gases like carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has contributed to warming in the last 100 years, and they say the trend is likely to carry well into the new century.
Some of the growth in these so-called greenhouse gases, scientists say, is caused by the burning of fossil fuels, destruction of forests and other human activities.
Temperatures nationwide rose about one degree in the 20th century, and the report estimated the potential effects of further warming by using a "business as usual" assumption, in which carbon dioxide levels continued to grow at the rate of recent years. At this pace, the average temperature in the country would rise 5 to 10 degrees in the next century, although the authors stressed that this was only one possibility. To put that in perspective, the world is 5 to 9 degrees warmer than in the last ice age, 18,000 to 20,000 years ago.
The study, which is to be released today by the Clinton administration for 60 days of public review, was ordered by Congress in 1990 to help lawmakers identify vulnerabilities and potential benefits of the warming trend. But it kicked into high gear only three years ago, when computer models grew sophisticated enough to analyze links between the atmosphere and oceans and local systems like crops and forests.
The assessment includes an illustrated summary and a series of technical analyses of the effect of a warmer world on forestry, fresh water, farming, coasts and human health. The report will be on the Internet at www.nacc.usgcrp.gov.
The report forecasts some profound changes, with many regions of the country seeing conditions shift to those of their present-day neighbors to the south.
In the mountains of the Pacific Northwest, rising stream temperatures are very likely to harm migrating salmon, the report said.
In California, less snow in winter would lead to less runoff from melting snow in the late spring, reducing water supplies during the summer growing season. The Southwest would see rising precipitation that could cause shrubby forests to overtake desert landscapes.
The study says one of the most likely of all consequences from continued warming would be coastal erosion and destructive storm surges as sea level steadily rises.
In Eastern cities, the summer heat index, combining humidity and temperature, is likely to rise, so that as New York City takes on Southern steaminess, Atlanta will see hot spells more typical of Houston.
The biggest benefits are likely to come from the positive effect of rising carbon dioxide concentrations on plants, which rely on the gas for photosynthesis. Using computer models of climate, crops and forest health, the study found that the country could see rising yields and falling prices for food and timber. The falling prices would be good for consumers but could hurt some timber companies and farmers as already tenuous profit margins shrink.
But scientists who conducted the study cautioned that the benefits would not be uniform. For example, while farmers in the Northern plains could see gains, those in Southern states could see losses because of increased risk of droughts and damaging floods as more rain falls in drenching downpours.
The good news should be tempered, too, because the study did not calculate possible agricultural losses because of flourishing weeds or migrating insect pests, its authors said.
And the composition of wild forests is likely to change, with some species that are considered hallmarks of particular regions disappearing. For example, the sugar maple, the New York state tree and an important species for tourism, is likely to vanish from all but the most northern parts of the state as its preferred colder climatic zone moves north.
The warming is likely to keep shipping lanes in Alaska and the Great Lakes free of ice longer, easing the movement of oil and other goods.
But other effects could negate any savings, the study concluded. Water levels in the Great Lakes are expected to drop, increasing the need for costly dredging of channels.
In Alaska, the effects of the warming have already been felt and are requiring costly adjustments, with roads and air strips requiring constant repair as underlying permafrost thaws and buckles, scientists said. Native Alaskans, who rely on ice-dwelling seals for food, are finding it more difficult to hunt, said Gunter Weller, a climatologist at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, who is participating in the project.
"For the native community or the oil industry or the fishing industry, this is no longer some nebulous global thing coming in 100 years," Dr. Weller said. "These are real things in real time that are really occurring."
Scientists from dozens of government agencies, universities, private groups and industries conducted the studies and more than 300 independent reviewers offered comments, the authors said. The overview's three principal authors were Dr. Thomas R. Karl, director of the National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, N.C.; Anthony Janetos of the World Resources Institute in Washington; and Dr. Jerry M. Melillo of the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Mass.
As the overview moved from early to final drafts in the last few months, the politics of climate intruded, with intense tugs of war being felt by some scientists involved in the work over how to word conclusions.
Indeed, in recent weeks the emphasis changed, participants said, with the focus shifting somewhat toward the positive consequences for agriculture, for example.
Also, the 145-page overview was released even though not all the underlying regional studies are complete, a decision that drew criticism from scientists from both ends of the political spectrum.
"There's been pressure all along that the synthesis had to come out first because of the election," said a scientist who shares the Clinton administration position that global warming is a serious problem, but who is still involved in the report and thus spoke only on condition of anonymity. "It's unfortunate, because the whole process would have been stronger if you did it the right way. Then the critics wouldn't have anything to say."
Over the weekend, officials at the White House said the summary was released ahead of time only because the final work on some of the underlying studies had been delayed.
Apart from the timing, a variety of experts involved in preparing the document, including people from industry and advocacy groups, say it represents a real consensus and that its findings are significant.
Thomas F. Cecich, vice president for environmental safety at the drug company Glaxo Wellcome and a member of the team that wrote the national overview, called the report a first look at a dizzyingly complicated system. He said that everyone involved tried to filter out politics and preconceptions. "I think it's been a fair and open and scientifically valid process," he said.
In particular, many scientists said, the effort, if continued and refined, could offer the first opportunity for the country to incorporate long-term climate projections into its planning for everything from bridge building to crop planting.
The report concludes that society, for the most part, will probably be able to adapt to many of the coming shifts, but that some natural systems -- alpine meadows, coral reefs, mangrove swamps and the like -- will be damaged or disappear because they are either hemmed in by man-made structures or geography or simply cannot keep pace with the rate of temperature change.
The authors stressed that the consequences described in the study -- like the visions of Scrooge's future in "A Christmas Carol" -- mainly represent developments that may be, not things that must be.
And there will always be surprises, said Dr. Karl, one of the main authors. "There are a lot of uncertainties with respect to interactions between natural systems, human systems and climate."
Even if the surprises are good news, he said, humans will not necessarily be able to exploit them. "Usually, if something is not anticipated, you can't take advantage of it."
Global warming in the 21st century will likely cause drastic changes in the climate of the United States, including potentially severe droughts, increased risk of flood, mass migrations of species, substantial shifts in agriculture and widespread erosion of coastal zones, a new federal report says.
Yet "for the nation as a whole, direct economic impacts are likely to be modest," concludes the report, which is based on computer models and historical data, and "American society would likely be able to adapt to most of the impacts," although "particular strategies and costs [are] not known."
Average temperatures will probably rise 5 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit — nearly twice the projected warming for the planet as a whole — prompting more summer urban heat waves and gentler winters across the nation.
Agricultural production will likely surge, and forests will probably flourish, thanks to the fertilizing effect of more carbon dioxide in the air. But many long-suffering ecosystems, such as alpine meadows, coral reefs, coastal wetlands and Alaskan permafrost, will likely deteriorate further. Some may disappear altogether.
Snowpack will probably diminish by 50 percent on average, while winter rains increase, bringing 60 to 100 percent more showers to much of Southern California and the parched Southwest.
Total precipitation nationwide, which rose 5 to 10 percent during the 20th century, will probably increase another 10 percent by 2100, chiefly in the form of extreme storms, exacerbating runoff pollution in the Chesapeake Bay and other sensitive areas.
Paradoxically, however, the threat of drought — especially in the western Kansas-eastern Colorado breadbasket — will rise because hotter conditions enhance evaporation. For the same reason, water levels could drop as much as five feet in the Great Lakes.
As for health effects, the report projects doubling or tripling of heat-related deaths in Minneapolis, Chicago and other cities that rarely experience extreme high temperatures. The July heat index is likely to rise by 10 to 20 degrees in the mid-Atlantic region.
Warming may also cause substantial shifts in the habitats of disease-bearing mosquitoes and other animal sources of disease. But the authors conclude that "not enough is known about our adaptive capabilities to say whether or not climate changes will make us more vulnerable to health problems."
The report, known as the "national assessment," was ordered by Congress in 1990 and assembled by the U.S. Global Change Research Program, an executive branch initiative incorporating projects in nine federal agencies and the Smithsonian Institution. The first such comprehensive effort by any country, it will be available for public review at http://www.usgcrp.gov and elsewhere as part of a long-term effort to understand and plan for the effects of climate change.
"We're not making a specific prediction about what the future will be like. It would be farcical to try to do that," said Anthony Janetos of the World Resources Institute, co-chairman of the 14-member panel that wrote the 145-page overview. (An additional 700-page "foundation document" provides scientific details.) Instead, "given our current understanding, these are reasonable scenarios of how the future might play out."
The report employs conventional assumptions, such as an annual increase of 1 percent in the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. It assumes that sea levels — which have risen four to eight inches globally over the past century — will rise an additional five to 35 inches by 2100. A 20-inch rise, the authors say, would eliminate about 4,000 square miles of coastal wetlands in addition to the nearly 2,000 square miles lost in the past half-century.
The analysis is based largely on two computer simulations of future climate (from the Canadian Meteorological Centre and the Hadley Centre in the United Kingdom) that often produce very different or even antithetical results.
For example, climate-change skeptic S. Fred Singer of the Science & Environmental Policy Project in Fairfax said, "look at North Dakota. One [model] turns it into a desert, the other into a swamp. Neither will probably happen." Central Kansas shows an increase in soil moisture of 25 percent in one projection; in the other, it loses 50 percent. North and South Carolina have dramatic rainfall increases in one model, and decreases of up to 10 percent in the other.
Such discrepancies are common among sophisticated computer climate models, each of which represents the interactions among heat, air, water, cloud and land somewhat differently. The smaller the geographic scale, the larger the disparities can be.
"But we can't just say, 'Well, this is hard. Therefore we can't say anything,' " Janetos said. "There are a lot of local and regional decisions that have to be made now — not just federal policies — and people have to start thinking hard about what they might want to do."
The model contradictions are enough to "make you tear your hair out," said Tom Wigley of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, who was not involved in the report. "At the regional level, there's a tremendous amount of uncertainty."
Nonetheless, he said, even "model results that are radically different" serve to notify residents that "there's a good chance that we're in for a big change in the future, but we don't know what direction it's in."
Several environmental groups hailed the report as a timely warning. "America's alarm bells should go off today," said Jennifer Morgan of the World Wildlife Fund.
But numerous skeptics feel that the language is strongly biased toward negative conclusions. That was also the initial reaction of some staff and external reviewers.
"I think we have fixed most of that problem," Janetos said. "We've made an enormous effort to be balanced."
Not everyone will agree. For example, in the forestry section, the analysis indicates that even in the Southeast, where the likelihood of drought stress during the next century is considered fairly high, timber stands will increase by 8 percent to 25 percent depending on species. Yet the strong emphasis in the text is on the threat of reduced producer profits as more trees bring prices down.
Similarly, the section on agriculture projects 15 to 50 percent yield increases for nearly all commercial crops, including wheat, rice, barley, oats, potatoes and most vegetables. That would entail the use of 5 to 20 percent more pesticides, the report suggests, and would raise the threat of more nitrogen-fertilizer runoff into bays and estuaries. But the net effect would be extraordinary.
Moreover, the analysis suggests that a warmer, accelerated growing season and increased rainfall nationally will probably reduce the need for crop irrigation 30 to 40 percent by the end of the 21st century. That would be a huge change in a nation where more than 80 percent of all fresh water now goes to agricultural uses.
Yet the text notes laconically that climate change probably "will not imperil the ability of the U.S. to feed its population and to export foodstuffs."
Janetos is looking forward to hearing all comments. "This is a serious issue. It's not ideological," he said. "There is a wide range of changes coming around the country, and we have to start thinking about that. My hope is that [millions of Americans] will take a look at this assessment. I'd love for this Web site to set new records."
-- Long-Range U.S. Forecast: Heavy rains, severe droughts, improved growing conditions for some farmers and the end of winter as we know it.
WASHINGTON -- A draft overview of a soon-to-be-released federal report on global warming paints something like that dire picture. Rising sea levels and heavy rains, for example, will force coastal cities to spend billions of dollars to redesign subways, tunnels, dams and sewage-treatment systems.
It is too gloomy, some federal experts complain. They want the overview revised to reflect more of its positive findings. The 118-page overview of the report, called "Climate Change and America," also predicts that farmers in the northern half of the nation may be able to capitalize on longer growing seasons by planting more than one crop.
"I think some people get caught into a groove," says Peter Sousounis, a University of Michigan meteorologist in Ann Arbor who led the Great Lakes regional team that contributed to the report. He and others have argued that the final report should pay more attention to the economic "winners" of climate change. He says later drafts of the overview, scheduled to be released next month, should reflect some of these objections.
Until now, the debate on the impact of global warming has been focused on planetwide changes. While a few scientists still argue that the warming will be slight but beneficial, most see an elaborate mix of changes, some good and some bad. The coming rise in average temperatures, they predict, will break climate patterns that have held for centuries.
The report is the first attempt to predict the impact of global warming on various regions in the U.S. during the next hundred years. The four-year effort has involved 5,000 people and a total of nine government agencies.
The overview is an attempt by a White House "national assessment synthesis team" to summarize the findings of a much more complex, 700-page report prepared by the experts. Illustrated with multicolored graphs and written in relatively simple language, the overview is intended to bring home the impact of climate change to the average American, who, polls show, has given little attention to the issue so far.
A copy of an initial draft dwells largely on the economic downside. Using two computer models, for instance, the draft predicts average temperatures could rise between five and 10 degrees Fahrenheit by the end of this century. It says increased evaporation could lower the already-falling level of the Great Lakes by as much as 5 feet, requiring expensive reconstruction of ship docks and canal locks.
The health section of the overview predicts that a combination of higher temperatures and heavy rains will trigger the spread of waterborne diseases and red tides -- an algae-like, poisonous microorganism that lives in salt water and kills fish. It also predicts a northward expansion of malaria, dengue fever and other diseases spread by mosquitoes and ticks.
The forecast provoked an objection from two Environmental Protection Agency scientists who wrote the underlying health report. Mike Slimak and Joel Scheraga argued that the descriptions "have a rather extremist/alarmist tone," which doesn't reflect the scientific papers that the overview supposedly summarized. A spokesman for the EPA says the two men, who could not be reached for comment, "are happy" with the wording of a later draft.
Mr. Sousounis objected that the economic gloom and doom in the overview overlooks huge positive effects, such as the easing of fierce winter conditions in the Midwest. He notes that the costs of energy, snow removal, accidents and the health impacts of cold weather should drop sharply.
Jae Edmonds, an economist who earlier developed a model of the economic impact of climate change for the White House, complains that the overview "chronicles a series of possible calamities that the various authors have happened upon," with an occasional aside that the "problem might not be so bad."
Dr. Edmonds, who works for the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, argues that the final report should contain a more balanced view of "winners and losers," and man's ability to adapt to changing conditions over time.
Experts from industry were also asked to comment. Russell Jones, a senior economist for the American Petroleum Institute, complains of too much reliance on computer models. He says he and other volunteer reviewers could not get access to scientific reports reflected in the overview. "We were frustrated," he says.
Neal Lane, a physicist who is science adviser to President Clinton, is managing the ompilation of the report and the delicate job of drafting an overview that captures the complex issue.
"This hasn't been done before. It's been an extremely challenging, exhaustive process," Dr. Lane says. He adds that more than 400 reviewers will have read at least parts of it before it is released. Asked about the fight among the experts over the need to present a balanced view, Dr. Lane says the final draft will say more about the benefits of warmer winters and more robust crops in some regions.
"But if at the same time, parts of your coastal regions are going underwater and other parts of the world are becoming destabilized because of hunger and disease, how good a world would that be?" he asks.
University of Massachusetts climatologist Ray Bradley in Amherst recently developed a graph of average temperature variations going back thousands of years, using ice-core samples, tree rings and other data to estimate the temperature range before man measured it.
Climatologists call the graph "the Hockey Stick," because it shows a one- degree variation in average temperature until the end of the 20th century, when the graph line begins to curve straight up, like the blade on a hockey stick.
"All of our experience [with climate] from the Middle Ages on is trivial, compared with what's in store for us in this century," Mr. Bradley says. | 2019-04-21T11:04:44Z | http://www.heatisonline.org/contentserver/objecthandlers/index.cfm?id=3491&method=full |
In the 1970s, researchers conducted a study that pitted a moral incentive against an economic incentive.... They wanted to learn about the motivation behind blood donations. Their discovery: when people were given a small stipend for donating blood rather than simply being praised for their altruism, they tend to donate less blood. The stipend turned a noble act of charity into a painful way to make a few dollars, and it wasn't worth it.
What if the blood donors had been offered an incentive of $50, or $500, or $5,000? Surely the number of donors would have changed dramatically.
But something else would have changed dramatically as well, for every incentive has its dark side. If a pint of blood were suddenly worth $5,000, you can be sure that plenty of people would take note. They might literally steal blood at knifepoint. They might pass off pig blood as their own. They might circumvent donation limits by using fake IDs. Whatever the incentive, whatever the situation, dishonest people will try to gain an advantage by whatever means necessary.
Or, as W.C. Fields once said: a thing worth having is a thing worth cheating for.
Well, just about anyone, if the stakes are right. You might say to yourself, I don't cheat, regardless of the stakes. And then you might remember the time you cheated on, say, a board game. Last week. Or the golf ball you nudged out of its bad lie. Or the time you really wanted a bagel in the office break room but couldn't come up with the dollar you were supposed to drop in the coffee can. And then took the bagel anyway. And told yourself you'd pay double the next time. And didn't.
For every clever person who goes to the trouble of creating an incentive scheme, there is an army of people, clever and otherwise, who will inevitably spend even more time trying to beat it. Cheating may or may not be human nature, but it is certainly a prominent feature in just about every human endeavor. Cheating is a primordial economic act: getting more for less. So it isn't just the boldface names - inside-trading CEOs and pill-popping ballplayers and perk-abusing politicians - who cheat. It is the waitress who pockets her tips instead of pooling them. It is the Wal-Mart payroll manager who goes into the computer and shaves his employees' hours to make his own performance look better. It is the the third grader who, worried about not making it to the fourth grade, copies test answers from the kid sitting next to him.
Some cheating leaves barely a shadow of evidence. In other cases, the evidence is massive. Consider what happened one spring evening at midnight in 1987: seven million American children suddenly disappeared. The worst kidnapping wave in history? Hardly. It was the night of April 15, and the Internal Revenue Service had just changed a rule. Instead of merely listing the name of each dependent child, tax filers were now required to provide a Social Security number. Suddenly, seven million children - children who had existed only as phantom exemptions on the previous year's 1040 forms - vanished, representing about one in ten of all dependent children in the United States.
Imagine now that... you are running the Chicago Public Schools, a system that educates 400,000 students each year.
The most volatile current debate among American school administrators, teachers, parents, and students concerns "high-stakes" testing. The stakes are considered high because instead of simply testing students to measure their progress, schools are increasingly held accountable for the results.
The federal government mandated high-stakes testing as part of the No Child Left Behind law, signed by President Bush in 2002. But even before that law, most states gave annual standardized tests to students in elementary and secondary school. Twenty states rewarded individual schools for good test scores or dramatic improvement; thirty-two states sanctioned the schools that didn't do well.
The Chicago Public School system embraced high-stakes testing in 1996. Under the new policy, a school with low reading scores would be placed on probation and face the threat of being shut down, its staff to be dismissed or reassigned. The CPS also did away with what is known as social promotion. In the past, only a dramatically inept or difficult student was held back a grade. Now, in order to be promoted, every student in third, sixth, and eighth grade had to manage a minimum score on the standardized, multiple-choice exam known as the Iowa Test of Basic Skills.
Advocates of high-stakes testing argue that it raises the standards of learning and gives students more incentive to study. Also, if the test prevents poor students from advancing without merit, they won't clog up the higher grades and slow down good students. Opponents, meanwhile, worry that certain students will be unfairly penalized if they don't happen to test well, and that teachers may concentrate on the test topics at the exclusion of more important lessons.
Schoolchildren, of course, have had incentive to cheat for as long as there have been tests. But high-stakes testing has so radically changed the incentives for teachers that they too now have added reason to cheat. With high-stakes testing, a teacher whose students test poorly can be censured or passed over for a raise or promotion. If the entire school does poorly, federal funding can be withheld; if the school is put on probation, the teacher stands to be fired. High-stakes testing also presents teachers with some positive incentives. If her students do well enough, she might find herself praised, promoted, and even richer: the state of California at one point introduced bonuses of $25,000 for teachers who produced big test-score gains.
And if a teacher were to survey this newly incentivized landscape and consider somehow inflating her students' scores, she just might be persuaded by one final incentive: teacher cheating is rarely looked for, hardly ever detected, and just about never punished.
How might a teacher go about cheating? There are any number of possibilities, from brazen to subtle. A fifth-grade student in Oakland recently came home from school and gaily told her mother that her super-nice teacher had written the answers to the state exam right there on the chalkboard. Such instances are certainly rare, for placing your fate in the hands of thirty prepubescent witnesses doesn't seem like a risk that even the worst teachers would take. (The Oakland teacher was duly fired.) There are more nuanced ways to inflate students' scores. A teacher can simply give students extra time to complete the test. If she obtains a copy of the exam early - that is, illegitimately - she can prepare them for specific questions. More broadly, she can "teach to the test," basing her lesson plans on questions from past years' exams, which isn't considered cheating but may well violate the spirit of the test. Since these tests all have multiple-choice answers, with no penalty for wrong guesses, a teacher might instruct her students to randomly fill in every blank as the clock is winding down, perhaps inserting a long string of Bs or an alternating pattern of Bs and Cs. She might even fill in the blanks for them after they've left the room.
But if a teacher really wanted to cheat - and make it worth her while - she might collect her students' answer sheets and, in the hour or so before turning them in to be read by an electronic scanner, erase the wrong answers and fill in correct ones. (And you always thought that no. 2 pencil was for the children to change their answers.) If this kind of teacher cheating is truly going on, how might it be detected?
To catch a cheater, it helps to think like one. If you were willing to erase your students' wrong answers and fill in correct ones, you probably wouldn't want to change too many wrong answers. That would clearly be a tip-off. You probably wouldn't even want to change answers on every student's test - another tip-off. Nor, in all likelihood, would you have enough time, because the answer sheets have to be turned in soon after the test is over. So what you might do is select a string of eight to ten consecutive questions and fill in the correct answers for, say, one-half of two-thirds of your students. You could easily memorize a short pattern of correct answers, and it would be a lot faster to erase and change that pattern than to go through each student's answer sheet individually. You might even think to focus your activity toward the end of the test, where the questions tend to be harder than the earlier questions. In that way, you'd most likely substitute correct answers for wrong ones.
If economics is a science primarily concerned with incentives, it is also - fortunately - a science with statistical tools to measure how people respond to those incentives. All you need are some data.
In this case, the Chicago Public School system obliged. It made available a database of the test answers for every CPS student from third grade through seventh grade from 1993 to 2000. This amounts to roughly 30,000 students per grade per year, more than 700,000 sets of test answers, and nearly 100 million individual answers. The data, organized by classroom, included each student's question-by-question answer strings for reading and math tests. (The actual paper answer sheets were not included; they were habitually shredded soon after a test.) The data also included some information about each teacher and demographic information for every student, as well as his or her past and future test scores - which would prove a key element in detecting the teacher cheating.
Now it was time to construct an algorithm that could tease some conclusions from this mass of data. What might a cheating teacher's classroom look like?
The first thing to search for would be unusual answer patterns in a given classroom: blocks of identical answers, for instance, especially among the harder questions. If ten very bright students (as indicated by past and future test scores) gave correct answers to the exam's first five questions (typically the easiest ones), such an identical block shouldn't be considered suspicious. But if ten poor students gave correct answers to the last five questions on the exam (the hardest ones), that's worth looking into. Another red flag would be a strange pattern within any one student's exam - such as getting the hard questions right while missing the easy ones - especially when measured against the thousands of students in other classrooms who scored similarly on the same test. Furthermore, the algorithm would seek out a classroom full of students who performed far better than their past scores would have predicted and who then went on to score significantly lower the following year. A dramatic one-year spike in test scores might initially be attributed to a good teacher; but with a dramatic fall to follow, there's a strong likelihood that the spike was brought about by artificial means.
Consider now the answer strings from the students in two sixth-grade Chicago classrooms who took the identical math test. Each horizontal row one student's answers. The letter a, b, c, or d indicates a correct answer; a number indicates a wrong answer, with 1 corresponding to a, 2 corresponding to b, and so on. A zero represents an answer that was left blank. One of these classrooms almost certainly had a cheating teacher and the other did not. Try to tell the difference - although be forewarned that it's not easy with the naked eye.
If you guessed that classroom A was the cheating classroom, congratulations. Here again are the answer strings from classroom A, now reordered by a computer that has been asked to apply the cheating algorithm and seek out suspicious patterns.
Take a look at the answers in bold. Did fifteen out of twenty-two students somehow manage to reel off the same six consecutive correct answers (the d-a-d-b-c-b string) all by themselves?
There are at least four reasons this is unlikely. One: those questions, coming near the end of the test, were harder than the earlier questions. Two: these were mainly subpar students to begin with, few of whom got six consecutive right answers elsewhere on the test, making it all the more unlikely they would get right the same six hard questions. Three: up to this point in the test, the fifteen students' answers were virtually uncorrelated. Four: three of the students (numbers 1, 9, and 12) left more than one answer blank before the suspicious string and then ended the test with another string of blanks. This suggests that a long, unbroken string of blank answers was broken not by the student but by the teacher.
There is another oddity about the suspicious answer string. On nine of the fifteen tests, the six correct answers are preceded by another identical string, 3-a-1-2, which includes three of four incorrect answers. And on all fifteen tests, the six correct answers are followed by the same incorrect answer, a 4. Why on earth would a cheating teacher go to the trouble of erasing a student's test sheet and then fill in the wrong answer?
Perhaps she is merely being strategic. In case she is caught and hauled into the principal's office, she could point to the wrong answers as proof that she didn't cheat. Or perhaps - and this is a less charitable but just as likely answer - she doesn't know the right answers herself. (With standardized tests, the teacher is typically not given an answer key.) If this is the case, then we have a pretty good clue as to why her students are in need of inflated grades in the first place: they have a bad teacher.
The three-year scores from classroom B, meanwhile, are also poor but at least indicate an honest effort: 4.2, 5.1, 6.0. So an entire roomful of children in classroom A suddenly got very smart one year and very dim the next, or more likley, their sixth grade teacher worked some magic with her pencil.
There are two noteworthy points to be made about the children in classroom A, tangential to the cheating itself. The first is that they are obviously in poor academic shape, which makes them the very children whom high-stakes testing is promoted as helping the most. The second point is that these students (and their parents) would be in for a terrible shock once they reached the seventh grade. All they knew was that they had been successfully promoted due to their test scores. (No child left behind, indeed.) They weren't the ones who artificially jacked up their scores; they probably expected to do great in the seventh grade - and then they failed miserably. This may be the cruelest twist yet in high-stakes testing. A cheating teacher may tell herself that she is helping her students, but the fact is that she would appear far more concerned with helping herself.
An analysis of the entire Chicago data reveals evidence of teacher cheating in more than two hundred classrooms per year, roughly 5 percent of the total. This is a conservative estimate, since the algorithm was able to identify only the most egregious form of cheating - in which teachers systematically changed students' answers - and not the many subtler ways a teacher might cheat. In a recent study among North Carolina schoolteachers, some 35 percent of the respondents said they had witnessed their colleagues cheating in some fashion, whether by giving students extra time, suggesting answers, or manually changing students' answers.
What are the characteristics of a cheating teacher? The Chicago data shows that male and female teachers are equally prone to cheating. A cheating teacher tends to be younger and less qualified than average. She is also more likely to cheat after her incentives change. Because the Chicago data ran from 1993 to 2000, it bracketed the introduction of high-stakes testing in 1996. Sure enough, there was a pronounced spike in cheating in 1996. Nor was the cheating random. It was the teachers in the lowest-scoring classrooms who were most likely to cheat. It should also be noted that the $25,000 bonus for California teachers was eventually revoked, in part because of suspicions that too much of the money was going to cheaters.
Not every result of the Chicago cheating analysis was so dour. In addition to detecting cheaters, the algorithm could also identify the best teachers in the school system. A good teacher's impact was nearly as distinctive as a cheater's. Instead of getting random answers correct, her students would show real improvement on the easier types of questions they had previously missed, an indication of actual learning. And a good teacher's students carried over all their gains into the next grade.
Most academic analysis of this sort tend to languish, unread, on a dusty library shelf. But in early 2002, the new CEO of the Chicago Public Schools, Arne Duncan, contacted the study's authors. He didn't want to protest or hush up their findings. Rather, he wanted to make sure that the teachers identified by the algorithm as cheaters were truly cheating - and then do something about it.
Duncan was an unlikely candidate to hold such a powerful job. He was only thirty-six when appointed, a one time academic all-American at Harvard who later played pro basketball in Australia. He had spent just three years with the CPS - and never in a job important enough to have his own secretary - before becoming its CEO. It didn't hurt that Duncan had grown up in Chicago. His father taught psychology at the University of Chicago; his mother ran an afterschool program for forty years, without pay, in a poor neighborhood. When Duncan was a boy, his afterschool playmates were the underprivileged kids his mother cared for. So when he took over the public schools, his allegiance lay more with schoolchildren and their families than with teachers and their union.
The best way to get rid of cheating teachers, Duncan had decided, was to re-administer the standardized exam. He only had the resources to retest 120 classrooms, however, so he asked the creators of the cheating algorithm to help choose which classrooms to test.
How could those 120 retests be used most effectively? It might have seemed sensible to retest only the classrooms that likely had a cheating teacher. But even if their retest scores were lower, the teachers could argue that the students did worse merely because they were told that the scores wouldn't count in their official record - which, in fact, all retested students would be told. To make the retest results convincing, some non-cheaters were needed as a control group. The best control group? The classrooms shown by the algorithm to have the best teachers, in which big gains were thought to have been legitimately attained. If those classrooms held their gains while the classrooms with a suspected cheater lost ground, the cheating teachers could hardly argue that their students did worse only because the scores wouldn't count.
As a result, the Chicago Public School system began to fire cheating teachers. The evidence was only strong enough to get rid of a dozen of them, but the many other cheaters had been duly warned. The final outcome of the Chicago study is further testament to the power of incentives: the following year, cheating by teachers fell more than 30 percent.
How many points does a 3-pt field goal account for in a basketball game?
If you are stumped by the final question, it might help to know that Coaching Principles was taught by Jim Harrick Jr., an assistant coach with the university's basketball team. It might also help to know that his father, Jim Harrick Sr., was the head basketball coach. Not surprisingly, Coaching Principles was a favorite course among players on the Harricks' team. Every student in the class received an A. Not long afterward, both Harricks were relieved of their coaching duties. | 2019-04-26T14:09:24Z | http://truthport.net/freakonomics.html |
In the midst of a historic drought, California required communities to reduce water usage by 12 percent. Santa Barbara residents responded by, on average, reducing their water use by 36 percent, making Santa Barbara one of the top five water conservers in the state. Water isn’t the only front on which Santa Barbara’s sustainability shines. Virtually no stone is left unturned. These efforts are local, but the aim is global.
Santa Barbara may be home to 90,000, but it is still very much a small town. Moneyed families know more about one another than they’d like; old hippies know one another back to times they can’t remember. Together, they link arms to preserve their town’s beauty.
Population: 89, 681. Median home price: $1,065,300.
The Santa Barbara Harbor isn't just an idyllic spot for a stroll along the water. Home to the Maritime Museum and one of Santa Barbara's landmark restaurants, Brophy Bros, it's also a jumping off point for a day on the city's signature beaches or Stearns Wharf.
El Presidio de Santa Barbara State Historic Park showcases the last of four colonial Spanish military outposts along the coast of Alta California. The structures were built by the local Chumash tribe working under the supervision of Spanish soldiers in 1782. 123 East Canon Perdido, between Anacapa and Santa Barbara streets; www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=608.
Milpas Street’s Mexican dive La Super-Rica is famous for serving freshly made antojitos to people who don’t necessarily know what the word means (little portions, aka appetizers). Must-try: La Super-Rica Especial (marinated pork and cheese-stuffed pasilla chile). 622 N. Milpas St.
Established in 1786, Old Mission Santa Barbara offers a glimpse into the city's beginnings and remains one of its chief cultural and historic landmarks. The iconic structure and its gorgeous grounds are worth a tour. 2201 Laguna St.; docent-led tour $13; www.santabarbaramission.org.
Veins of ever-expanding bike lanes crisscross town, but no route is as popular as the Cabrillo Bike Path, a paved bike trail following the waterfront along Cabrillo Blvd. from Stearns Wharf to East Beach.
Served daily by Amtrak and Coast Starlight railway lines, the gorgeously restored Santa Barbara Train Station is a convenient point of access for the city's beaches and its historic and shopping areas. 209 State St.
Arcata, CA. How green is this university town on California’s North Coast? Arcata owns the nation’s first community forest—2,500 acres certified by the Forest Stewardship Council—established to demonstrate sustainable forestry practices. Its waste-water is a community asset: An effluent treatment system creates a haven of marshes, grassy uplands, and mudflats that are home to a stunning variety of flora and fauna. And Humboldt State University has some of the top environmental science and engineering programs in the nation. Population: 17,974. Median home price: $345,500.
Billings, MT (pictured). It’s known as an oil and gas center, but Billings has a surprising green streak too. It’s established miles of bike paths, and its Trash Into Trees program has used recycling proceeds to plant more than 2,000 trees around town. More recently its new public library joined the ranks of notable LEED Platinum–certified Billings buildings. Population: 110,323. Median home price: $269,700.
Las Cruces, NM. Cities like Davis, California, or Boulder, Colorado, may be more famous as bike-friendly cities, but Las Cruces is gaining on them. It’s creating a network of bike lanes and routes that just earned it recognition from The League of American Bicyclists. Good biking and world-famous green chiles—not a bad combination. Population: 101,759. Median home price: $197,500.
Beacon Hill’s diverse cultural roots date back to the 1920s, when Japanese families began moving up the hill from Seattle’s International District. Later, families of all backgrounds followed, seeking single-family homes and, in many cases, jobs at nearby Boeing Field. Today, roughly half of Beacon Hill’s population is Asian, according to Census Bureau estimates, although this includes a wide range of backgrounds, including Chinese, Vietnamese, and Filipino. Add to this melting pot people from Africa, South America, and the Middle East. The neighborhood celebrates its heritage at events throughout the year, including the Beacon Hill Festival, a fund-raiser for its community center that showcases everything from unicycles to Brazilian capoeira.
Long and narrow, Beacon Hill is divided into three segments: North Beacon Hill, Mid Beacon Hill, and South Beacon Hill. On the northern edge of the neighborhood, many new apartment buildings, condos, and townhouses have cropped up in the past several years. Although some longtime residents tsk-tsk at these changes, others welcome the arrival of new restaurants and more housing options. Stroll down the neighborhood’s main thoroughfare, Beacon Avenue, and it’s a kaleidoscope of cultures, from Asian markets and taquerias to espresso bars and craft beer.
While Seattle home prices rise relentlessly, Beacon Hill is relatively affordable. Moreover, it's incredibly convenient: Opened in 2009, Beacon Hill Station has trains coming every 10 minutes; Pioneer Square is less than 10 minutes away. In 2016, the line extended to Capitol Hill and the University of Washington.
Population: 51,734. Median home price: $569,995.
Nestled between restaurants and a fish monger, Victrola Coffee Roasters boasts a mean espresso and a superb location just down the street from the light rain station and library. 3215 Beacon Ave. S.
The more-than-a-century-old Jefferson Park—which has panoramic views of the Seattle skyline and Elliott Bay—has long been a cornerstone of the community, although much of it was taken up by reservoirs surrounded by chain-link fence. In a 2012 expansion and renovation, the city built lids over the reservoirs and put in sports fields, tennis courts, a skate park (pictured), and a play area complete with ziplines. Across the street is the Jefferson Park Golf Course, an 18-hole municipal golf course that welcomed players of all races and genders when it first opened in 1915. That all-comers ethos lives on today.
Fuel up with Beacon Hill's famous "best kept secret": fried catfish from the neighborhood's Shell Gas Station. 2424 Beacon Ave. S.
The neighborhood's Daejeon Park is a great spot for a picnic on the open lawn, but its walking paths and Koren-style pagoda (detail pictured here) make it a haven for quiet contemplation. 1144 Sturgus Ave. S.; www.seattle.gov/parks/park_detail.asp?ID=4400.
North End, Boise. Tucked between downtown Boise and the foothills, the North End is characterized by tiny houses (and some big ones too), tree-lined streets, and the Hyde Park commercial area. The neighborhood is both fiercely protective—of its historic homes, local businesses, and kid- and bike-friendly streets—and welcoming to newcomers, with an active neighborhood association. Time your visit for September’s annual Hyde Park Street Fair, whose proceeds benefit the North End community. Population: 9,256. Median home price: $293,600.
La Alma Lincoln Park, Denver. Arts and culture unite this eclectic, diverse neighborhood near downtown Denver. One of the city’s oldest neighborhoods, it experienced more than its share of crime and blight beginning in the 1970s. Then, as Denver property values shot up, artists started to move in. In 2004, a group of galleries formed the Art District on Santa Fe, which is credited with helping the area solidify its identity. In 2014, the American Planning Association recognized the district as one of its top neighborhoods. Population: 7,000. Median home price: $324,100.
Sellwood-Moreland, Portland (pictured). Its fans claim that this riverside neighborhood offers all the good things we associate with Portland (local food, quirky independent shops, Craftsman-style homes) without the hipper-than-thou attitude of better-known districts. It also has good public schools, relatively affordable homes, a great community pool, loads of green space—and a deservedly popular Italian restaurant, Gino’s. Population: 39,932. Median home price: $550,000.
The main approach to Bisbee, southeastern Arizona’s mining town turned arts colony, is through a tunnel in a mountain. Once you pop out on the other side, you’ve entered a funky Shangri-la, a free-spirited community marked by a tangle of narrow streets streaming down the canyon and 19th-century cottages clinging precariously to the hills, along with a historic Main Street bristling with galleries.
Prospectors discovered copper, then gold, in the surrounding Mule Mountains, and by the 1880s a boomtown developed. When the mines played out in the 1970s, counterculturalists, artists, musicians, poets, and writers moved in, drawn by the scenic canyon setting, cheap rents, and preserved-in-amber historic architecture.
That’s when Bisbee coalesced into a proudly weird (to use a favorite local adjective) and quirky community—an outpost of liberalism in an otherwise conservative state. Local theater, community radio, yoga classes, reiki therapy, and vegan eateries took root. At the same time, Bisbee also evolved into a popular tourist destination. Galleries, pubs, boutiques, inns, and restaurants popped up. A monthly art walk, as well as annual craft beer, blues, and Americana music festivals now fill the calendar.
Newcomers today are largely drawn by not only the boho vibe, but also by affordable housing. Bisbee’s sense of community is also a big magnet for those considering relocating here.
Population: 5,221. Median home price: $139,999.
This sprawling view of the town provides a glimpse of its mining heritage. In the distance one can see the Lavender Pit mine, a large and very deep open-pit copper and turquoise mine dug and operated by the Phelps Dodge Corporation between 1950 and 1974.
This delightfully restored retro Shell Station is on Erie Street in the Lowell district. At one time, Lowell was a sizable mining town located just to the southeast of Old Bisbee. The majority of the original townsite was consumed by the excavation of the Lavender Pit mine during the 1950s. However, what remains of Lowell today is an intact, historical mid-century street, often seen as backdrops for film and video shoots.
Room 4 Bar, located off the lobby of the Silver King Hotel, is Arizona's smallest, with four stools and one tiny table. But its postage-stamp size goes big on ambience, bolstered by weekly live music and a Sunday afternoon "Drink and Draw" event on the patio, at which local artists draw the subject of the day. 43 Brewery Ave.
On Erie Street, the Sprouse-Reitz adds to Bisbee's retro charm. It's one branch of a now-defunct chain of nickel-and-dime stores based out of Portland, OR, which at its peak had nearly 400 retail locations in the Western U.S.
High Road is the highest street (hence the name) above downtown Bisbee with pretty views of the Mule Mountains and the ranges of Mexico. You can drive or walk the road, but it becomes a dead end. The sword-like yucca plant pictured here in bloom is typical of the region.
An only-in-Bisbee overnight option: The Shady Dell, a collection of vintage aluminum travel trailers, 10 to 38 feet, with black-and-white TV and period memorabilia. Hot shower on-site. 1 Old Douglas Rd.; www.theshadydell.com.
Port Townsend, WA. If you like boats, arts, Victorian architecture, and incredible access to the outdoors, this Olympic Peninsula town is a little bit of heaven. Alongside the highly browsable indie shops and restaurants packed with local food, residents get to enjoy Fort Worden, an early 20th-century army base turned state park that boasts a plentiful event calendar thanks to local arts organization Centrum. Port Townsend’s Wooden Boat Festival, held each September, is the best in the world, and The Great Port Townsend Bay Kinetic Sculpture Race is not far behind. Plus the misty peaks and rain forests of Olympic National Park are only an hour away. Population: 9,527. Median home price: $374,750.
Lander, WY (pictured). This town in the shadow of the Wind River Range is a melting pot of cowboys, Northern Arapahoe and Eastern Shoshone tribes, artists, and outdoor enthusiasts—the famed National Outdoor Leadership School was founded here. Although not as ritzy as Jackson (and proud of that fact), Lander has its share of upscale dude ranches, and the area’s peaks are second to none. In fact, nearby Gannett Peak is, at 13,809 feet, the highest in the state. Another source of local pride is Lander’s surprisingly lively downtown. Population: 7,665. Median home price: $242,131.
Whitefish, MT. An influx of summer residents has given Whitefish its share of second homes—some of them large lakefront estates and 5,000-square-foot “cabins.” But the people who live here year-round know that Whitefish is one of the best places for all seasons. The skiing’s great at Whitefish Mountain Resort; nearby Glacier National Park awes anytime. Plus Whitefish’s low-key, friendly vibe and walkable downtown are downright charming. Population: 7,279. Median home price: $662,167.
Back in the 1990s, Ogden's 25th Street was seedy. Now, 25th Street draws crowds for the restaurants and cafes and yoga studios that occupy its historic buildings. And Ogden itself is on a roll. Thirty-five miles north of Salt Lake City, Ogden always differed from more genteel Utah cities, a railroad and stockyard town with rough edges. But it also had wealth—appealing residential neighborhoods whose homes ranged from bungalows to mansions. And it had a world-class setting at the base of the Wasatch Range.
It was the setting that started Ogden’s revival. In 2002, the local ski resort Snowbasin hosted the downhill ski competitions in the Salt Lake Olympics, and the Olympic torch was carried down Washington Boulevard. By then, it was agreed that, thanks to the decline of the railroads, both street and city had seen better days. The city used the Olympics as a springboard to rebrand itself. The city began hosting big outdoor sports events, including the Xterra USA Championship triathlon and the Ogden Marathon. This let athletes and outdoor recreation companies discover Ogden—not just its natural assets but also its low cost of living compared to Utah’s more famous resort towns.
At the same time, the city was sprucing up 25th Street. Old buildings were no longer torn down; instead, they were renovated to house restaurants. It’s also home to the kind of community events that thrive in Ogden, like September’s Harvest Moon Celebration. The revived Ogden boasts other new amenities. The Junction mixed-use development frames the newly renovated and imposing Mormon Temple. Nearby stands Lindquist Field, home to the Raptors, Ogden’s minor-league baseball team. The UTA Rail commuter train will get you to Salt Lake City International Airport in about an hour.
Population: 86,701. Median home price: $184,950.
25th Street's renovation made way for upsacle eateries like Zucca Trattoria, an Italian restaurant that ups its game with dishes like pan-seared Chilean sea bass served over forbidden rice with avocado purée, micro-greens, and mango-red pepper relish (pictured). 225 E. 2500 S.
25th Street is also home to classy bars like Hearth on 25th, whose Old Fashioned Smoked Bourbon (pictured) is worth crossing town for. 195 Historic 25th St., Suite 6.
McMinnville, OR (pictured). It’s the gateway to the Willamette Valley wine country. But McMinnville, about 50 miles southwest of Portland, has even more going for it than prize-winning Pinot Noirs. (Linfield College here plays host to the renowned International Pinot Noir Celebration.) Along with charming architecture, downtown McMinnville has been drawing young chefs and entrepreneurs; its main drag, Third Street, just garnered a Great Street award from the American Planning Association. Population: 34,690. Median home price: $324,900.
Missoula, MT. It’s Montana’s biggest cultural center, yet it maintains a small-town feel. The University of Montana, one of the town’s best-known employers, cultivates youthful brio, but most activity revolves around the downtown stretch of the Clark Fork river. Brennan’s Wave attracts paddleboarders, kayakers, and the odd surfer, and every Wednesday in summer the city hosts bands, food vendors, and kids’ activities in riverside Caras Park. Of course, residents love this town best for what lies just beyond—nearby trails that include the 1.8-mile Mt. Sentinel M Trail, which climbs 2,000 vertical feet to views of the city. Population: 72,364. Median home price: $304,950.
Laramie, WY. Laramie’s roots go back to the railroad, and traces of the past are still woven into the fabric of this town, especially in the handsome downtown. While the city has plenty of cowboy charm, it’s also a destination for outdoors lovers. Medicine Bow National Forest is a playground for anglers, hikers, and cross-country skiers. It’s also Wyoming’s only true college town, with the cultural offerings the designation implies. Bonus: Although Laramie is Wyoming through and through, it’s only a two-hour drive to Denver International Airport. Population: 32,382. Median home price: $261,250.
Every spring, prospective students and their parents make the pilgrimage to Claremont, California, to tour the seven campuses of the renowned Claremont Colleges. They also discover a small city that blends worldly sophistication with small-town appeal.
About 30 miles east of downtown Los Angeles, and joined to it by Interstate 10 and Metrolink trains, Claremont is, geographically, a Los Angeles suburb. Spiritually, it’s distinct. In the neighborhoods along Indian Hill Boulevard, American elms shade streets lined by vintage cottages and Craftsman bungalows. A few minutes’ walk from the campuses, Claremont’s compact downtown (known to everyone as The Village) mixes contemporary restaurants and boutiques with local landmarks that grads from the 1980s remember from their days at Scripps or Pomona.
Claremont visitors always mean it as compliment when they conclude that this smart, leafy community (“the city of trees and PhDs”) reminds them of a college town back East. But Claremont is no Wellesley wannabe. It’s Californian through and through, a onetime citrus town with easy access to both the wilds of the San Gabriel Mountains and the culture of Los Angeles. Claremont strives to preserve its character, even as it evolves. For longtime and newer residents, it’s that small-town-meets-big-world connection that defines Claremont.
Population: 36,059. Median home price: $679,444.
Thie classic Queen Anne Victorian Sumner House was beautifully restored by Pomona College. The former home of one of the school founders, it now serves as a guest house for campus visitors. 105 N. College Ave.; www.pomona.edu.
Scripps College's Seal Court features mosaic murals around the pond created by various students since the 1940s. The spot is open to the public, and the entire campus is in fact a popular walking destination because of the beautiful landscaping and historic buildings. 1030 Columbia Ave.; www.scrippscollege.edu.
The Folk Music Center is a enduring Claremont institution. Part instrument museum and part performance space and store, it’s run by Ellen Harper, whose parents founded it in 1958. Three-time Grammy Award–winner Ben Harper, Ellen’s son and a Claremont native, bought the center from his grandparents to keep it in the family. “We get people from Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and all over Europe. If they’re on the West Coast, they make it a point to come here.” The shop carries banjos, mandolins, ukuleles, percussion and wind instruments from all over the world both vintage and new. 220 Yale Ave.; folkmusiccenter.com.
James Turrell Skyspace at Pomona College Museum of Art has been a campus highlight since 2007. Known for his work in light, Turrell has built several Skyspaces around the world; this is the only one available for public viewing in Southern California. Free; 330 N. College Ave.; www.pomona.edu/museum/collections/james-turrell-skyspace.
Locals crowd the restaurants and the wine bar at The Claremont Packing House, a once-derelict citrus facility turned into a retail and dining destination in The Village. 532 W. First St.; claremontpackinghouse.com.
Stroll a wonderland of diverse California native plants at the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden. $9; 1500 N. College Ave.; www.rsabg.org.
The staggering beer selection at The Back Abbey (over 100, including 28 on tap) isn't the only reason to hit up this gastropub in The Village. The signature burger is to die for, served on a brioche bun and topped with aged gouda, mustard aioli, caramelized onion, Niman Ranch bacon, and micro greens. 128 N. Oberlin Ave.; www.thebackabbey.com.
Campbell, CA. This San Jose suburb has long been overshadowed by its immediate neighbors, wealthy Los Gatos and Saratoga as well as Apple-HQ Cupertino. Now it’s coming into its own, with a newly vibrant downtown and the Pruneyard shopping center. Housing prices, while insane anywhere else, are almost reasonable for Silicon Valley. Population: 40,939. Median home price: $1,248,000.
Castle Rock, CO. Known for its good schools, this former quarry town about 20 miles from the Denver Tech Center has seen its population swell 65 percent since 2000, but Castle Rock has negotiated its growth better than many burbs have. New commercial areas have sprung up, but not at the expense of the original downtown, which is thriving. The rec department is in the process of expanding the city’s municipal trails system (with now more than 40 miles of paved trails) to link neighborhoods and tie in with regional and county trails. Population: 57,666. Median home price: $524,975.
Gilbert, AZ (pictured). Phoenix is known for its sprawling cookie-cutter suburbs that sprang up in the housing boom and promptly collapsed. Gilbert has seen its share of booms and busts, but it is also anchored by its Heritage District—a turn-of-the-19th-century neighborhood that is luring new restaurants and food trucks and is the focus of a city redevelopment project. Gilbert is also the home of Agritopia, a planned community designed to bring a rural, farming-based lifestyle to the suburbs. Population: 237,133. Median home price: $325,000. | 2019-04-25T15:15:19Z | https://www.sunset.com/travel/best-small-towns-to-live-in |
On a vaping website like Spinfuel VAPE, so much time is spent catering to newcomers or performance-seeking advanced users. But the audience that gets lost in the shuffle most often are the ones in the middle – the ‘Intermediate” level Vapers. Vapers who know how to use their mods, how to build some coils, and how to maximize their ‘vape experiences’ – even if they’re not using the “most” this, or the “biggest” that.
So, our latest “Top 10” roundup is dedicated to the intermediate vaper. By definition, “Intermediate” means, in our case, a Vaper who is somewhere between a beginner and an expert. These are the ones that are most likely to move forward from pod mods and beginner kits, and on to more powerful, customizable experiences. They may not need 350-watt, four-battery devices… but they certainly don’t mind having a little breathing room to experiment along the way.
And, truthfully, it is that Intermediate Vaper who is having the most fun. The Intermediates explore more than beginners or the experts because although they know more than enough to pick up just about any device and run with it, they are still having a wonderful time reading all about the new devices, mods and tanks, that land on vendor shelves, and they are the first to come to Spinfuel VAPE to read our latest Previews.
Though there have been SO many good intermediate-level Vape Mod Kits over the last three years, we decided to make this “Best of / Top 10” list all about the Current Mod Kits, featuring the products you’re most likely to find on store shelves the instant you’re done reading this article.
Why belabor this? Let’s take a look at our selections for best intermediate Vape Mod Kits for 2018.
Our list starts off with one of the most-buzzed about vape devices of the last year, the VOOPOO Golden DRAG, which is the most recent take on the original 157W version. But, while the aesthetics may not be for everyone, this edition also brings the most updated version of the series’ vaunted GENE chipset, and some fine-tuned nuances that take this to the next level.
Made from zinc alloy, with a carbon fiber accent panel and unique blended resin color finish on the chassis, the Golden DRAG certainly isn’t hard on the eyes. And because this is real resin, the extraction process ensures that no two Golden Drag mods look the same. Personally, I think the golden trim accentuates the resin nicely, especially with a green resin finish.
But make no mistake, that GENE chipset is the key selling point here. This board can fire up to 157 watts without breaking a sweat, with hyper-accurate temperature control and TCR adjustments, to boot. And of course, the chipset also contains a full complement of security features to ensure the board stays cool and functional, even when maxing out the DRAG’s capabilities.
We only recently got a hold of the highly anticipated Geek Vape Blade, which surprised us right out of the box – not only for its commanding size, but also for how lightweight and ergonomic the mod is, despite its larger footprint.
What WASN’T surprising was how beautiful the Blade is. We’ve always appreciated the company’s focus on design, but our gorgeous “starry night” test model jumped at us right away. With a hypnotic, swirling pattern that resembles the Van Gogh namesake, I love bringing the Blade out just as a showpiece.
Of course, we can’t vape showpieces, so it’s also fortunate that the Geek Vape Blade works extremely well. The proprietary AS chipset is capable of up to 235 watts, and brings a full slate of features, including temperature control, TCR, variable wattage curves, bypass mode, and much more. All of this is highly navigable and easily adjusted through the clear display and linear menu system.
Another asset is how Geek Vape is allowing everyone to the party, thanks to a battery compartment capable of handling 21700, 20700 and 18650 cells, with the included adapters. We haven’t done side-by-side comparisons just yet, but the overall battery efficiency is fantastic so far.
Also, Geek Vape packaged the Blade kit with their brand-new Aero sub-ohm tank, a 25mm atomizer that has a modest 4mL capacity, but offers fantastic flavor and vapor for its size. We were floored by how well it performed and wouldn’t be surprised to see this tank show up in more kits over time.
With this level of versatility and performance, the Geek Vape Blade starter kit makes an ideal next step for vapers looking to break the mold, without breaking the bank.
As a collective group, our team is awfully hard to surprise. But – just weeks after reviewing Uwell’s decent Nunchaku stick mod – we were genuinely surprised by the Uwell Ironfist 200W starter kit. And we’re even more surprised by how we haven’t put down our respective test models since they arrived.
First off, this striking but compact box mod is insanely comfortable to hold, with a leather-like grip that comes in a range of textures, including crocodile and snake skin. The two-tone contrast is a popular look, and the Ironfist does it well. My white with black leather test model was an immediate “go to” device, right out of the box.
But looks are only part of the deal – the Ironfist is also one of the highest performing intermediate Vape Mods in my collection. With a true 200-watt max output, laser-precise, fully featured temp control, firmware updates (with actual updates to be had, not just vaporware and false promises), and much more.
The small display is normally something I’d call out on a mod like this, but Uwell implemented a simple, uncluttered layout that delivers all pertinent info without getting in the way, so it’s actually a positive asset for the Ironfist.
On its own, the Ironfist is already a great buy. When packaged with one of the industry’s premier sub-ohm tanks — the Crown III – it becomes a tremendous package, especially at this price.
I may have mods that hit harder, but none that ramp more smoothly, or sip battery power quite like the Ironfist. I haven’t put mine down in weeks, and I don’t expect to anytime soon. We’re confident most users will agree after trying one.
Readers of this site know that we’re quite fond of the Vaporesso Revenger series. Even when one of our writers (cough-me-cough) had a rough first experience with the original Revenger, other reviewers quickly swooped in to share their own opinions.
Since then, Vaporesso has won us all over with a steady flow of top-tier intermediate Vape Mod Kits, and their latest – the internal-battery Revenger GO – is the best one yet. Thanks to its comfortable, ergonomic design, fast-ramping power, and fantastic performance, using the Revenger GO was a great experience throughout.
First off, the GO has no trouble working its way up the ladder to its 220-watt limit, and the internal battery never once stuttered or misfired. This comes, in large part, from the OMNI chipset which brings solid power, precise temp control, and the trademark custom wattage curve feature.
And, while the 0.96-inch OLED display is perfectly adequate, it’s hard to care about a dated screen when the mod is so comfortable and powerful in your hands. From the smooth, tapered sides, and the well-implemented haptic touch control scheme, everything about the Revenger GO screams convenience, without sacrificing power or stable performance.
It’s pretty obvious I think this might be the best Revenger to date. While the GO might benefit from a few upgrades, there’s no denying just how enjoyable the kit really is.
“Intermediate” doesn’t ever have to mean “middle-class.” This thought process is on full display with the stylish and slim SMOK X-Priv 225W starter kit, which marries SMOK’s most streamlined design to date with our favorite sub-ohm tank of the last two years. It’s a tremendous offering from a company that doesn’t always hit the mark – but boy did they nail it with the X-Priv.
In fact, I’d make the argument that this kit might be the best thing SMOK has ever done. It offers true 220-watt performance, top-tier battery life, and stutter-free vaping all the way to its max. And its temperature control performance is equally smooth, with none of the usual jumpy nonsense we’ve come to expect from mods in this price range.
More importantly, the X-Priv presents arguably the best version of its proven operating system to date. While its familiar enough to fans of SMOK products, it’s altogether more linear and easy to operate. Even with the somewhat-dated two-button control scheme, the X-Priv is the type of mod users of any level can pick up and use with minimal learning curve.
And the SMOK TFV-12 Prince sub-ohm tank is a winner for any type of vaper, and a perfect addition to a kit that already drips class. Considering the same company just released a mod with an illuminated, top-hat wearing skull, that’s a bold statement.
The SMOK X-PRIV is definitely an “executive-level” mod, with smooth, potent power, great battery life, and a high-end design that belies the modest price point. Buy this one with confidence.
Wismec may seem like it goes to the “Reuleaux well” more than it should. But the Reuleaux RX2 230W Dual-21700 Mod Kit will undoubtedly continue this legacy, while bringing stronger battery life and portability to the table, thanks to the new 21700 battery format.
This proven, popular format has sold millions of devices, and for vapers looking to up their mod game to the next level, Wismec’s latest Reuleaux brings enough new things to the table to make a strong case for those vapers’ dollars.
With 230 watts of unadulterated power, surprisingly delicate temperature control adjustment, TCR, potent preheat settings and more, this once “power-focused” series has evolved into a complete vape experience. Power is still the primary goal of the RX2 21700, but for the first time since we’ve been testing Reuleaux series mods, we don’t think temp control enthusiasts would struggle one bit.
On a more surface level, the tall, substantial body and ergonomically designed grip make the RX2 21700 extremely user-friendly, even with the plethora of jutting edges and bold design choices. It’s powerful, pocketable and a true “do it all” device.
Plus, Wismec rounds out the kit by including the flavorful Gnome tank. Thanks to limited capacity and thirsty coils, it’s not a reason to buy the kit on its own, but certainly stands as a high performing throw-in that might make you a fan, even if we want a little more capacity and longevity from it. For a newcomer to advanced vaping, however, the Gnome might be the perfect entry point.
When we reviewed the Sense V-Jet kit a while back, we believed it was “just anotherdual-18650 device.” It was only after spending considerable time enjoying this streamlined, comfortable mod that I realized the V-Jet is a great device that gets a lot of things right.
On the surface, the V-Jet mod feels fantastic in the hand, with easy, one-handed access to all operations and controls. It’s lightweight but durable, and never gets uncomfortable in the hand. At first glance, there’s nothing that stands out about the V-Jet, but it does a lot of things very well, which belies the vanilla appearance.
For power-hungry vapers, the V-Jet mod hits 230 watts without any problems, with above-average battery life, to boot. In temp control, the V-Jet mod was both easy to use, and a steady performer, with support for the standard range of nickel, titanium and stainless steel wire, and the usual slate of TCR and TFR adjustments. In short, there’s nothing here a TC enthusiast won’t enjoy.
Plus, the four-button control scheme makes it easy to navigate the bright, color-heavy menu display, so vapers moving from less-involved Vape Mods will quickly adapt to higher levels of adjustments and customizations.
The included V-Jet tank seemed like an odd throw in, until we vaped it and fell in love with the new coils. In fact, these coils are so high-performing that Sense now uses them in its vaunted Herakles series – a bold statement, considering the name value the Herakles has in the sub-ohm realm.
The reviewer in me tried to find some fault in the Sense V-Jet mod kit, but there really wasn’t much to be found. And over time, I’ve only come to appreciate the kit more. The simple, no-nonsense design, and top-flight performance make it a strong purchase for any vaper looking to move to the next level.
Any vaper looking for an intermediate vape mod kit with strong battery life can stop here. Because the Sigelei Fuchai GLO is my new battery life champion. With the LED bar activated and fairly heavy use, the GLO offers nearly 9-10 hours average battery life.
Still, beyond the lightshows lies a true 230-watt workhorse. Unlike so many similar mods which promise power only to under-deliver, the GLO is smooth and steady throughout, keeping cool even at max wattage.
Physically, the Fuchai GLO is solid, with a strong, but lightweight zinc alloy frame, ergonomic button placement, and strong construction quality from top to bottom, right down to the snug battery door.
Plus, the GLO isn’t the most-advanced operating system available. But it is one of the most responsive and user-friendly. It uses a standard 3-click operation, and allows for easy navigation of the straightforward option listings. Aside from an explanation of how RGB color wheels work, the options are clearly displayed on the full-color, 0.96-inch OLED screen.
There, users will be able to quickly switch between wattage, stainless steel, nickel and titanium options, as well as five custom TCR slots. Additionally, they’ll be able to make minor adjustments to preheating, puff power and time settings with ease.
As a nice throw-in, Sigelei includes the respectable SLYDR sub-ohm tank in the kit. While this atomizer won’t make you forget your Uwell Valyrian, it’s a solid inclusion for the kit, and a perfect launch point for vapers new to intermediate Vape Mods.
I never expected to love the Sigelei Fuchai GLO, much less recommend it in a “Top 10” roundup. But even months later it remains a top-flight device at an unreal price point, and vapes like an absolute champion.
As the lowest-wattage device on this breakdown of intermediate Vape Mod Kits, it’s easy to dismiss the iJOY Elite PS2170 as a “lesser” product. But in reality, this isn’t fair, because the PS2170 is a single-21700 mod that is both sleek and powerful, and brings a tremendous value to vapers of any type.
In fact, I could see some power-hungry vapers grabbing one of these for a rock-solid backup device, even if their collections are chock-full of multiple-battery cloud chuckers. The iJOY Elite PS2170 is that good.
Under the hood, the Elite also offers 100 watts of power, a full temperature control suite, two TCR memory slots, puff power intensity adjustments, standby mode and much more. All in a slender, pocket-friendly package that might just last you all day.
That is, if you’re using the 21700 cell, that is. Users who opt for 20700 or 18650 cells might not get the same longevity. But, in a nice touch, the iJOY Elite PS2170 kit comes with a 21700 cell, showing that the veteran vape company supports all users, while still allowing newcomers to vape the mod as they intended.
Plus, this kit also provides buyers with the high-performing Captain Mini sub-ohm tank, alongside two coils, rounding out a complete vaping setup that might just be the best representative of “intermediate vape mod” on this list.
Though this list is presented in no particular order, we saved our favorite intermediate vape mod kit for last. Because we can’t stop showering praise on the Wismec Sinuous Ravage230 kit. Other standalone mods might have better specific features, and other tanks might be more impressive, but no combined package continues to blow us away quite like this one.
For the Ravage230 mod, Wismec took the best elements of its recent successes, including the Predator and original Sinuous mods, added a stunning 1.4-inch display, and ramped up the power performance.
And it’s a looker, too. With an anodized aluminum frame, distinctive color contrasts, and a well laid-out display, the Ravage is a bold, brash, but still mature looking mod for a wide range of users. Plus, the fantastic side firing bar returns, which made us extremely happy when it first arrived.
In our time with the Ravage, we experienced no issues with bad connectivity, even with older tanks and RDAs. Speaking of which, the Ravage is 30mm wide, which means nearly all your tanks and RDAs will sit flush without issue.
And, for a mod so compact and pocket-friendly, I was shocked at how effortlessly it hit its marks, both in power and TC modes, while using battery conservatively no matter how hard you vape.
Bottom line? The Wismec Ravage 230W mod is a fantastic buy. Its performance, alongside the high-performing Gnome VOE tank, and a very attractive price point, makes this one of the easiest recommendations we’ve made in years.
At the end of the day, a top 10 list is really nothing but a collection of opinions – opinions that are likely to cause more debate than agreement. But we stand behind this list of ‘intermediate’ Vape Mod Kits, and are confident these recent devices stand up to any of our favorites from the last few years. Why are we so confident? Because unlike other “Best” or “Top” lists you see all over the vape community, our recent decision to put our 6+ years of experience on the line producing our own lists are not motivated by profit.
You won’t see any device that doesn’t deserve to be here. No vendor or manufacturer had, or will have, a hand in choosing a single device for this list, or any other Spinfuel VAPE list. Seeing other high-traffic vape websites similar to Spinfuel VAPE put a VaporFi, MigVapor or a Halo product on a 2017 or 2018 Best Of list was enough to force our hand. We know that undeserving devices can find their way onto Best Of Lists through nefarious means, so we knew it was time to develop Spinfuel VAPE lists that will never be influenced by anything or anyone. If a device winds up on our Best/Top lists, it’s for one reason and one reason only… because it deserves to be.
You might not agree with all of the kits featured above… but we’re pretty sure you’ll find several to consider if you’re in the market for some high-powered vaping, without going to extremes. | 2019-04-22T14:38:05Z | https://spinfuel.com/top-10-intermediate-stage-vape-mod-kits-for-2018/ |
he receives back in turn what is more than himself.
hen children have parents who are less than ideal, when they don’t hear the basic truth about how difficult life can be, and when they hear lies that tell them they are doing poorly, they stop experimenting in their lives. Without experimentation, children are unlikely to discover their personalities and their gifts. With no sense of their potential, these unfortunalte children will fail to proceed down the road toward mastery. And because mastery is the ultimate human experience, life without it is tragic. If this has been true for you, if you believe that you are without talent and drive, and if you have stopped dreaming about a better life for yourself, it’s time to replace that flawed set of parents inside your head with a new, complete and beneficial model.
Here’s a nifty, little secret. Existentially speaking, being a good parent involves only five fundamental tasks, so there are only five areas we need to review and repair relative to the parenting we received.
The five areas of responsibility that adults have when they are shepherding little ones through childhood are: take their job as parents seriously, hold themselves accountable, find their child delightful, strive to live their own lives existentially, and work on their own adult relationships.
Task One: The first requirement, that adults take their job as parents seriously, doesn’t mean that moms and dads need to do everything perfectly, or even correctly. What it means is that they put in consistent effort to do their best. That involves researching the role (reading parenting books and blogs, talking with more experienced parents, taking classes, etc.), talking with each other about their philosophy for parenting and taking the time to think about – and often agonize over – what they are doing. Every single bond between a parent and a child needs to be custom made, based on the uniqueness of both the child and the parent as well as the zeitgeist within which the relationship exists. Creating that special bond takes thought and effort over the entire length of the relationship. Parenting doesn’t stop when the child hits 18 or 21 or 61. As long as you are alive, you are your child’s parent. You may not be overtly directing their lives after a certain point, but you remain an invaluable consultant, role model and supporter to the end of your days. Even your dying process is a significant part of your parenting role. If you take that last step as seriously as you do the task of bringing your little baby home from the hospital, you bookend your parenting duties with stellar blueprints your child can reference as necessary.
It is tricky but important to demonstrate some of your efforts to your child. It is tricky in that you don't want the child to feel that you are virtue signaling, that they are a terrible burden to you, or that you are feeling overwhelmed by your parental duties. But please don't ignore the importance of being somewhat transparent about your internal work as a parent. So when, for example, you set limits with your child, describe how you arrived at your conclusion in some depth, illustrating the many and disparate components that you had to struggle with to reach your decision.
I want to point out here that a popular myth about the need to present a united front to children actually interferes with helping the child see that the parents are taking their jobs seriously. If all agonizing discussions are held behind closed doors, the kids will be less exposed to the effort the parents are making. (They will also be less exposed to excellent examples of how to hold difficult discussions – a crucial skill needed if we are to talk to ourselves well.) I think it's a good idea for parents to fairly routinely discuss concerns with the child present, with, of course, attention paid to maintaining a highly respectful dialogic tone.
Task Two: Being serious about the parenting role leads adults naturally to the second attitude – holding themselves accountable. Parenting is impossibly difficult. The job is going to involve lots and lots of mistakes because parenting is happening in a time in history that is only now unfolding with unique participants who are constantly changing. And because even well-meaning parents are going to have bad days, parenting is going to be inconsistent. Some of that inconsistency and those mistakes will cause injury to the child. Adults need to accept full responsibility for what they do as parents because they have tremendous power relative to the child. If parents remember that their son is trying to establish who he is in large part by understanding their reactions to him specifically (Why is dad angry at me? What makes mom proud of me? Do they like me when I do this?), then the parents will understand why it is critical to remain as consistent and predictable as one can. And why it is also critical to apologize unreservedly when one missteps.
It may seem obvious to hear that when parents make a mistake, they need to apologize thoroughly for the error (which includes correcting their behavior), but many adults fear that an apology will make them appear weak. As the article on apology explains, a well-crafted expression of regret is a contract that spells out who created the wound and how that wound will be healed. As such, it provides the wounded with reassurance that the relationship can be trusted. Trust is built using the power of transparency. Transparency is only possible when one has the ego strength necessary to participate in it. I hope you can see, then, that the ability to hold yourself accountable comes from a position of strength.
An additional benefit of the second attitude is this: When parents can hold themselves accountable, the truths these adults tell the next generation will have a greater ring of authenticity and thus authority. In other words, when you tell the truth as best you see it to your daughter and she senses that you consistently act responsibly toward her, she will simply have greater faith in your credibility. That credibility will come in very handy when she is 15 years old.
All this is to say that kiids don’t need parents to be faultless, but they do need them to be accountable.
Task Three: Finding the child delightful. Again, no adults find their children perfectly delightful or delightful all the time, but, overwhelmingly, our children should bring us tremendous pleasure and joy. (If this is not the case, immediate professional attention is required.) But it is not enough to just feel the pleasure and joy, a good parent also consistently communicates their specific delight to the child. There is no correct way to communicate how we take pleasure in our kids – we get to custom design that as well. The only thing that is critical is that the child has no doubt that he or she is uniquely wonderful. My maternal grandmother used to frown and stare at my sisters and me when we were little, and we learned to look to see if her belly was jiggling with laughter because that’s where we found her pleasure in us. Luckily for us, it almost always was.
Two additional points need to be made here.
Signaling delight needs to be administered carefully. If we are cavalier in how we freely we distribute our sense of wonder in our children, as with ineptly speaking truth, our words will lose all sense of meaning. Gaze and listening should be routine. Expressing delight should be very thoughtfully and honestly sprinkled into our child's life.
When kids are going through an existentially difficult stage (for example, twos and teens), parents may need to look a little harder to find delight within themselves relative to these exasperating offspring. In addition to catching the kids being good, a wise parent can occasionally express their admiration specifically for how the child is navigating a trying time.
Task Four: Next, striving to live their lives existentially to the fullest. This concept may be somewhat novel, but an adult who is living an existentially savvy life is one who is willing to take responsibility for their unique, difficult, urgent and often lonely human search for personal meaning. This is an inspiring parent, excited by and committed to living a passionate life – whether that involves shoeing horses, fixing teeth or growing organic plums. Whatever their chosen path, these vital adults will automatically make grownup life seem alluring, pulling children surely into more and more mature behavior. Another way to put it is this: It’s not so much that we feed our children on our dreams, it’s that our dreaming big dreams for ourselves feeds our kids on the act of dreaming.
An existentially stable adult will be both a more predictable and well-rounded adult. Because a child develops an identity based almost exclusively on the input of other people, the child needs stable and reliable information from the most important people in her or his life, the parents. Parents who are strongly committed to life will steadily provide a wide range of emotional and cognitive feedback to their children as well as interesting and diverse experiences. Rich data create rich identities.
An existentially stable adult also will be a powerful one. If we remember that power means to be able to do, when an adult has spent her lifetime working to fully manifest her signature strengths, she will very likely be a strong and resourceful person. Kids are extremely reassured by having parents who are powerful.
Since few of us are offered training as youngsters in how to develop an existentially coherent life, most of us need to make an overt effort to learn how to do so as an adult. Some people are enthusiastic readers of the original existential writers, some read secondary sources (such as this website) and some learn by harvesting metaphysical nuggets from novels. But the process of becoming an authentic version of ourselves remains the same for all. We need to gather information about how to face the difficult givens of existence and then we need to think. The article on petulance in the section on complex psychological skills provides an example of this process of learning and thinking.
Task Five: As for the fifth area of responsibility, parents working on their own adult relationships, there are several reasons why this is a key aspect of parenting. It is the parental bond that anchors the emotional health of the family, and parental bonds take a lot of work to create and maintain. Similarly, good friendship networks support the natural social needs of the parents, providing the parents with energy and resources to bring back into the family unit as needed. Healthy peer relationships also protect adults from needing friendship from their children, freeing the parents to stay parental. And not least, kids who grow up watching their parents put effort into their relationships become adults who know a thing or two about relating well with others.
When moms and dads maintain these five attitudes most of the time, children learn to move psychologically in that direction themselves, inspired by the potent existential example provided by the grownups. The result is this: sons and daughters who take themselves seriously, who hold themselves accountable, who find themselves and others delightful, who have the courage to face the existential challenges of robust living, and who are willing and able to put consistent work into the relationships in their lives. Good health all around.
When as adults we find ourselves struggling to get our lives going, we must learn to recognize that our families underserved us in critical ways concerning these five parental attitudes. To move forward, we need to take steps to uncover and undo the damage caused by that under-parenting.
Step One: Odd as this may sound, the first step toward filling in the blanks in the parenting you received is feeling entitled to having had good parents. If you cannot even imagine that you were worth the time and effort that good parenting requires, it will be impossible for you to extend these important attitudes toward yourself. If you find yourself in this situation, please seek out healing relationships (therapist, pastor, friend, sister, etc.) to help you create that basic sense of entitlement. If you only have a tiny sense of entitlement, it might help to reread the article on shame and work on that concept first. If you have even a moderate sense of entitlement, a belief that you deserved good parenting, proceed on.
Step Two: Clear the time and space in your day to have a couple of hours free to sit and review the parenting you did get in light of the required five existential parental attitudes. Try to capture, in writing if possible, the ways in which your parents did provide you with each of these aspects of parenting and the ways in which they didn’t. Take the time to fill in specific examples within each category.
Step Three: Now think beyond your immediate family. Were there adults like aunts, grandfathers, teachers or coaches who were able to extend some of these nurturing attitudes toward you? It’s best if you can record specific examples. Don’t be modest or shy about writing down evidence that certain grownups in your childhood thought you were terrific and why they thought that.
Step Four: Again, clear several hours for this step. Review the notes from Steps Two and Three, and then think about the attitude you have toward yourself. To what extent do you hold the five parental attitudes toward yourself and to what extent do you not? Write examples.
Take myself seriously: What I need to focus on right now is taking my health more seriously. I want to pay more attention to how I’m eating and how much sleep I’m getting. I won’t be ready to make other changes in my life until I feel physically better during the day.
Hold myself accountable: I need to pay attention to the way I pretend I’m making decisions about how I feed myself or when to go to bed at night. I think I pretend that I’m making decisions when I’m really not.
Find myself delightful: I’m a great cook. Maybe I can have some fun shopping for fresher ingredients, finding new recipes and making healthier meals.
Live my life existentially: I want to be the kind of person who is able to jump up and join friends in fun activities like hiking or volleyball. I’m going to practice putting some urgency into my attention to health concerns so that the next time a chance comes up to go out and play, I’ll be in good enough shape to go do it.
Work on my relationships: I have friends who manage to take good care of themselves. I will ask them to spend time with me and mentor me as I work to learn new habits.
Once you’ve completed Step Five, you will have two powerful tools. One, a clear example of how you want to be able to guide yourself relative to an important issue in your life. And two, a template to follow when you need to hold an internal, parental conversation with yourself about another critical aspect of your life.
Step Six: Practice, practice, practice. Post that clear example you have just written out for yourself in an accessible place and refer to it as you work to learn to speak to yourself as a good parental consultant.
Repeatedly review and revise your customized parental unit for specific issues in your life. This is a process that will need to continue for the rest of your life. Each decade will bring you fresh challenges and your ability to parent yourself must continue to grow in order to meet those challenges.
The Karl Jaspers quote at the head of this article is one of my favorites. When we take ourselves seriously, hold ourselves accountable, find both our personhood and our ongoing efforts delightful, work on tackling the big issues of life and surround ourselves with a supportive community, we get back so much more than we can imagine. And we have a much more pleasant journey along the way because we have replaced a less-than-agreeable set of parental voices with a set that only wants us to achieve the mastery we were born to actualize. | 2019-04-19T14:53:53Z | http://self-construct.com/article.aspx?id=2 |
In forming luminescent areas of organic EL devices of an organic EL display panel, it is necessary to prevent a display performance degradation in the vicinity of outermost edges of display area of the organic EL display panel. A film formation mask is used to form a film pattern of an organic layer containing a luminescent layer, in a manner such that the luminescent area formation sections can be covered. The film formation mask has a plurality of openings according to the film pattern, and false openings formed outside the area containing the openings but not useful in forming organic layer for forming luminescent areas. False openings are formed in positions corresponding to the outside of display area, and forms false patterns of an organic layer on the inner side of the adhesive area.
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1. A film formation mask for forming an organic layer film pattern when organic EL devices are to be formed on a substrate, each organic EL device including a pair of electrodes and an organic layer containing an organic luminescent layer, said organic layer being interposed between the pair of electrodes, wherein said film formation mask has openings arranged corresponding to a film pattern for forming luminescent areas of the organic EL devices, and has false openings not for use informing said organic layer and located outside an area containing said openings.
2. The film formation mask according to claim 1, wherein false patterns of said organic layer are formed, by virtue of said false openings, on the substrate outside an area containing said luminescent areas.
3. The film formation mask according to claim 1, wherein the width of each false opening is smaller than the width of each said opening.
4. The film formation mask according to claim 1, wherein a film formation error is taken into account when the width of each false opening is set.
5. The film formation mask according to claim 1, wherein the length of each false opening is shorter than the length of each said opening, corresponding to corner portions of the substrate.
6. The film formation mask according to claim 1, wherein said openings are used in painting two or more different luminescent colors on the organic luminescent layer.
7. An organic EL panel including a substrate and organic EL devices formed on the substrate, each organic EL device including a pair of electrodes and an organic layer containing an organic luminescent layer, said organic layer being interposed between the pair of electrodes, wherein formed on the substrate are a film pattern of the organic layer for forming luminescent areas of the organic EL devices, and false patterns of the organic layer located outside an area containing the luminescent areas.
8. The organic EL panel according to claim 7, wherein the false patterns are formed by virtue of the false openings of a film formation mask which has openings for forming the film pattern, said false openings being located outside an area containing said openings.
9. The organic EL panel according to claim 7, wherein the width of each false pattern is smaller than the width of each film stripe.
10. The organic EL panel according to claim 7, wherein a film formation error is taken into account when the width of each false pattern is set.
11. The organic EL panel according to claim 7, wherein the length of each false pattern is shorter than the length of each film stripe in the corner portions of the substrate.
12. The organic EL panel according to claim 7, wherein said film pattern is formed by painting two or more different luminescent colors on the organic luminescent layer.
13. A method of manufacturing an organic EL panel including a substrate and organic EL devices formed on the substrate, each organic EL device including a pair of electrodes and an organic layer containing an organic luminescent layer, said organic layer being interposed between the pair of electrodes, wherein in a process of forming on the substrate a film pattern of the organic layer for forming luminescent areas of the organic EL devices, false patterns of the organic layer are also formed on the substrate outside an area containing the luminescent areas.
14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the false patterns and the film pattern are formed simultaneously by virtue of a film formation mask which has openings for forming the film pattern and has false openings located outside an area containing said openings.
15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the width of each false pattern is smaller than the width of each film stripe of the organic layer.
16. The method according to claim 13, wherein a film formation error is taken into account when the width of each false pattern is set.
17. The method according to claim 13, wherein the length of each false pattern is shorter than the length of each film stripe in the corner portions of the substrate.
18. The method according to claim 13, wherein the false patterns and the film pattern are formed in accordance with each luminescent color, in a process of painting two or more different luminescent colors on the organic luminescent layer.
The present invention relates to a film formation mask, an organic EL (Electroluminescent) panel formed by the film formation mask, and a method of manufacturing the organic EL panel.
The present application claims priority from Japanese Application No. 2003-74888, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
An organic EL panel is produced by forming surface light emitting elements (based on luminescent areas of organic EL devices) on a substrate, and forming a display area by arranging one or more surface light emitting elements. The luminescent areas are formed by providing lower electrodes of various structures on the substrate, and then forming thereon a film pattern of an organic layer containing an organic luminescent layer, followed by forming thereon upper electrodes. Here, the film pattern is formed by using a film formation mask having openings corresponding to the film pattern, and accomplished by vapor deposition using the mask.
A process of forming an organic layer film pattern using the film formation mask can be described as follows. Namely, luminescent areas of organic EL devices are usually partitioned by an insulating film formed on the substrate. Then, the film formation mask having openings of slightly larger width than luminescent areas is used to form an organic layer film pattern on the luminescent areas. In particular, when a plurality of colors are to be displayed, it is required to use a film formation mask having openings corresponding to a desired pattern of different luminescent colors. Thus, by changing or sliding the mask at an appropriate timing, it is possible to paint different colors on the organic luminescent layer (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2002-367787).
Here, the organic layer includes an organic luminescent layer and other layers (an electroluminescent layer, a hole transporting layer, an electron transporting layer, a hole injection layer, and an electron injection layer). Although an organic layer is usually in a multi-layer structure, it is also allowed to contain only single one layer which is an organic luminescent layer. Generally, even with a hole transporting layer and an electron transporting layer or the like (each formed of a single one kind of material and mounted on an identical substrate), it is allowed to use a film formation mask having different patterns corresponding to different luminescent colors in order to control film thickness in each area of each luminescent color (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2001-237068).
To display a plurality of colors, there has been known not only the aforementioned method of painting different luminescent colors, but also CF Method and CCM Method in which an organic layer of a single color such as white or blue is formed and a color conversion layer based on a color filter or a fluorescent material is incorporated. Further, there is Photobleaching Method in which an electromagnetic wave is applied to a specific area on an organic layer of a single color so as to realize a multi-color emission. At this time, although it is not necessary to paint different colors to cover each color, it is required to use a film formation mask having a desired pattern in order to form an organic layer of a specific pattern in a display area.
However, even when only single one color is displayed, it was still required to use a film formation mask which has a predetermined pattern (usually, stripe-shaped pattern) corresponding to luminescent areas. At this time, in order to avoid a mask strength deterioration due to a dense distribution of openings, an opening pitch (an interval between every two adjacent openings) is enlarged, thereby forming an organic layer film pattern in the display area of a display panel by dividing a film formation process into several steps (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2000-48954).
In using a film formation mask for forming luminescent areas of organic EL devices on a substrate (i.e., when the mask is placed on the substrate), a tension is usually added to the perimeter of the mask to avoid the slacking of the mask, thereby keeping the entire mask in a completely flat state. However, with the addition of the tension to the perimeter of the mask, distortion will occur in the outermost openings of the film formation mask irrespective of the shape of these openings. Then, once film pattern is formed on the substrate through the deformed openings, film pattern disorder will occur near the outmost edges of the display area, resulting in deteriorated display performance near the outermost edges of the display area. Consequently, it becomes impossible to ensure an appropriate display in the entire display area.
Moreover, it is known that an organic layer of each organic EL device will be deteriorated due to an unavoidable contact with the surrounding atmospheric air, since moisture and oxygen existing in the surrounding atmospheric air can cause such deterioration. In order to prevent such deterioration, an entire display area of an organic EL panel is usually covered by an encapsulation member. In detail, an adhesive agent is applied to the substrate outside the display area so as to form an adhesive-applied perimeter around the display area. Then, an annular area along the perimeter of the encapsulation member is tightly bonded to the adhesive-applied area of the substrate, thereby protecting the entire display area of organic EL panel from the surrounding atmospheric air.
However, since an adhesive agent for use in the capsulation also contains moisture, oxygen or the like which can deteriorate the organic layer, when such an adhesive agent get into contact with the organic layer, the moisture and oxygen or the like will invade into the organic layer and thus cause the organic layer to be deteriorated. In particular, if an amount of the adhesive agent applied is too large, the applied adhesive agent will spread towards the display area once the encapsulation member is pressed onto the substrate, hence causing the adhesive agent to contact the outer edge of the display area. As a result, the display performance will be deteriorated near the outermost edge of the display area, making it impossible to ensure an appropriate display in the entire display area.
The present invention is to solve the above-discussed problems and an object of the invention is that when luminescent areas of organic EL devices are formed by using a film formation mask so as to form organic layer film pattern on a substrate, it is possible to prevent display performance deterioration near the outermost edges of the display area of an obtained display panel.
In one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a film formation mask for forming an organic layer film pattern when organic EL devices are to be formed on a substrate, each organic EL device including a pair of electrodes and an organic layer containing an organic luminescent layer, the organic layer being interposed between the pair of electrodes, characterized in that the film formation mask has openings arranged corresponding to a film pattern for forming luminescent areas of the organic EL devices, and has false openings not for use in forming the organic layer and located outside an area containing the openings.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an organic EL panel including a substrate and organic EL devices formed on the substrate, each organic EL device including a pair of electrodes and an organic layer containing an organic luminescent layer, the organic layer being interposed between the pair of electrodes, characterized in that formed on the substrate are a film pattern of the organic layer for forming luminescent areas of the organic EL devices, and false patterns of the organic layer located outside an area containing the luminescent areas.
In a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing an organic EL panel including a substrate and organic EL devices formed on the substrate, each organic EL device including a pair of electrodes and an organic layer containing an organic luminescent layer, the organic layer being interposed between the pair of electrodes, characterized in that in a process of forming on the substrate a film pattern of the organic layer for forming luminescent areas of the organic EL devices, false patterns of the organic layer are also formed on the substrate outside an area containing the luminescent areas.
FIG. 13 is an explanatory view showing a film formation mask formed according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Several preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIGS. 1 to 4 are explanatory views showing a film formation mask according to one embodiment of the present invention. A film formation mask 10 shown in the drawings is used to form an organic layer having a predetermined pattern, so that it is possible to form on substrate organic EL devices each including a pair of electrodes and an organic layer containing an organic luminescent layer and interposed between the pair of electrodes. Here, so-called organic layer means a single or several organic luminescent layers. Alternatively, it means an organic luminescent layer and one or all of organic layers provided in the vicinity of the organic luminescent layer.
As shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of lower electrodes 2 consisting of ITO or the like are formed in accordance with a predetermined electrode structure (for example, stripe-shaped electrodes) on a substrate 1 consisting of a transparent glass, and a plurality of luminescent area formation sections 3R, 3G, and 3B are formed and partitioned by virtue of an insulating film 3 over the lower electrodes. Then, a film formation mask 10 is used to form a film pattern of an organic layer which contains a luminescent layer, in a manner such that these luminescent area formation sections 3R, 3G, and 3B are covered up. In an embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings, red luminescent area formation sections 3R, green luminescent area formation sections 3G, and blue luminescent area formation sections 3B are formed on each row. In fact, the film formation mask 10 is used to form a film pattern for forming luminescent areas corresponding to the luminescent area formation sections of one of the three colors, and has a plurality of openings 10A according to the film pattern.
The film formation mask 10 used in the present embodiment has two false openings 10D, with one on each side of the mask and located outside the area containing the openings 10A, which are not used in forming an organic layer for forming luminescent areas. Such false openings 10D will be located on the substrate 1 outside the display area E of display panel, thereby forming organic layer false patterns 20 inside an adhesive applying area F. Here, so-called false patterns 20 are film patterns not involving luminescent areas, although they are patterns formed by the same material as the organic layer forming luminescent areas.
FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the film formation mask 10. As described above, the film formation mask 10 has the openings 10A and the false openings 10D. When the film formation mask 10 is disposed on a substrate for forming organic EL devices, the openings 10A of the film formation mask 10 are located inside the display area E of display panel, while the false openings 10D are placed outside the display area E. Although an example shown in FIG. 2 illustrates that the false openings 10D are provided on both sides (left and right) of the area containing the openings 10A, it is also possible for only one side (left or right) of the area (containing the openings 10A) to have such a false opening.
Actually, the film formation mask 10 of the present embodiment is such that its stripe-like openings 10A are formed in accordance with a predetermined pitch P. Where the openings 10A are used for painting two or more different luminescent colors on organic luminescent layer, the pitch P is set at P=nPE (n: number of different colors; PE: luminescent area pitch). Further, the width W of each opening 10A is set to be larger than the width of each luminescent area formation section (3R, 3G, 3B) mentioned above. Moreover, in the film formation process using vapor deposition, there will be some film formation errors due to some error factors (such as pattern deformation due to spread of vapor deposition flow, an operation deviation with the film formation mask, an error of precision in forming mask openings). Accordingly, by making the width W to be larger than the width of each luminescent area formation section, it is possible for film pattern not to deviate from the luminescent area formation sections even if it is expected that there will be a maximum error in film formation.
The film formation mask 10 in the present embodiment has two false openings 10D separated by pitch P from the outermost openings 10A of the mask 10. The width Wd of each false opening 10D is narrower than the width W of each opening 10A. In this way, when the film formation mask 10 is slid by a distance P/n each time to form a false pattern 20 by virtue of a false opening 10D, the formed false pattern 20 will not be overlapped by film pattern. In determining the width Wd, it is necessary to take into account some film formation errors based on some error factors (such as pattern deformation due to spread of vapor deposition flow, an operation deviation with the film formation mask, an error of precision in forming mask openings) Namely, if the above film formation errors are taken into account while at the same time making the Wd of each false opening 10D to be narrower than the width W of each opening 10A, it is possible to form the false patterns 20 without any overlapping.
FIG. 3 shows the dimension of the false openings 10D of the film formation mask 10. As shown, the false openings 10D are to be located on the substrate 1 outside the display area E to form the false patterns 20 of an organic layer inside the adhesive applying area F, so that it is necessary to take into account a relationship between the length of the false openings 10D and the inner edge F of the adhesive applying area F. In the present embodiment, the length of each false opening 10D is shorter than the length of each opening 10A by ΔL, corresponding to each corner portion of the substrate 1. In this way, it is possible to ensure sufficient adhesive applying area F, and to avoid an overlap between the adhesive applying area F and the false patterns 20 formed by virtue of the false openings 10D.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing the function of the film formation mask 10 of the present embodiment. In practice, the film formation mask 10 is disposed on the substrate 1 for forming a film pattern which later forms luminescent areas on the substrate 1. At this time, a tension T is applied to the edge portions of the mask so that the film formation mask 10 will not become slack. Further, in the film formation mask 10 of the present embodiment, the false openings 10D formed beyond the outmost openings 10A can absorb a deformation caused by the tension T, so that the width of each false opening 10D becomes larger (Wd<Wdt). In this way, even if there is such tension T, there would be no change in the width W of each opening 10A which forms the film pattern on luminescent areas. Therefore, it is possible for an organic EL panel (formed by the film formation mask 10) to obtain a good display performance throughout the entire display area, without any disorder in film pattern near the outermost edges of the display area.
FIG. 5 provides several explanatory views showing a method of manufacturing an organic EL panel using the film formation mask 10. In fact, an organic EL panel is formed by arranging a plurality of (or singular number of) luminescent areas of organic EL devices as surface light emitting areas on a substrate. Although the following description is focused on using the film formation mask 10 to paint an organic luminescent layer with different colors corresponding to respective luminescent colors, the description should not for many limitation to the organic EL panel manufacturing method using the film formation mask 10 of the present invention. In fact, the method of the present invention can also be applied to the case in which a film pattern of an organic layer other than an organic luminescent layer is formed corresponding to luminescent areas of various colors (for example, when controlling film thickness corresponding to different luminescent colors). Further, although the following description is focused on film formation by painting three colors (R, G, B), this description should not for many limitation to the method of the present invention. Actually, the method of the present invention can also be applied to the case in which film formation is effected by painting different colors to form luminescent areas of at least two colors, and to the case in which film formation is effected by painting single one color through several operations.
FIG. 5A shows a process of forming film stripes 30R of a first color (red). Here, as shown in FIG. 1, the lower electrodes 2 and the insulating film 3 are patterned on the substrate 1 by means of photolithography method or the like, thereby forming luminescent areas 40R, 40G, and 40B partitioned by the insulating film 3. If necessary, an organic layer (such as a hole-injection layer and a hole transporting layer or the like) is formed to act as a substrate layer for an organic luminescent layer. Then, the openings 10A of the film formation mask 10 are set corresponding to the luminescent areas 40R, and film stripes 30R of the organic luminescent layer of the first color (red) are formed on the luminescent areas 40R. At this time, since the film formation mask 10 is provided with the false openings 10D, false patterns 20R consisting of the same organic luminescent layer are formed on the substrate 1 outside the region containing the luminescent areas.
FIG. 5B and FIG. 5C show processes of forming film stripes 30G of a second color (green) and film stripes 30B of a third color (blue). In each of these processes, the film formation mask 10 is moved by a distance P/3, forming film stripes 30G of organic luminescent layer of the second color on luminescent areas 40G and film stripes 30B of organic luminescent layer of the third color on luminescent areas 40B. Meanwhile, false patterns 20G and 20B consisting of the same organic luminescent material are formed on the substrate 1 outside the region containing the luminescent areas.
Then, after other organic layers are formed thereon (if necessary), upper electrodes are formed in positions. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 5D, an adhesive agent 6 is applied to the perimeter of the substrate to tightly bond an encapsulating member.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory view (a cross sectional view showing a portion near the base end of the substrate) which illustrates an organic EL panel according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, in the organic EL panel of the invention, a plurality of lower electrodes 2 are patterned on the substrate 1, an insulating film 3 is patterned on the lower electrodes 2 in a manner such that luminescent areas 40R, 40G, and 40B (to be formed) are partitioned, an organic layer 4 is laminated on the luminescent areas 40R, 40G and 40B, a plurality of upper electrodes 5 are laminated on the organic layer 4. In this way, each of organic EL devices formed on the substrate corresponding to the respective luminescent areas 40R, 40G and 40B has a structure in which the organic layer 4 is interposed between a pair of electrodes including a lower electrode 2 and an upper electrode 5. Here, the substrate 1 is a transparent substrate, each lower electrode is a transparent electrode such as ITO electrode, thereby making it possible to obtain an organic EL panel (bottom emission type) which allows light to be taken out from the substrate 1 side. However, the present invention should not be limited by this type of EL panel. In fact, it is also possible to form an organic EL panel (top emission type) in which upper electrodes 5 are transparent electrodes and light is taken from a side opposite to the substrate 1.
The organic layer 4 contains a hole injection layer 41 and a hole transporting layer 42 in a manner such that they cover up the entire display area E. Further, the film formation mask 10 is used to form a luminescent layer 43 (serving as an organic luminescent layer) and an electron transporting layer 44. Namely, the film stripes 30R, 30G, and 30B of the luminescent layer 43 and the electron transporting layer 44 are formed having a width corresponding to the width W of the openings 10A of the film formation mask 10. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the film stripes 30R, 30G, and 30B are continuously formed by the setting of the width W of the openings 10A. Alternatively, the width W is set in a manner such that the film stripes are formed with their edge portions overlapped with each other or the film stripes are formed at relatively large interval from one another. In the illustrated embodiment, the electron injection layer 45 is uniformly formed on these film stripes 30R, 30G, and 30B.
Then, the false patterns 20R, 20G, and 20B are formed outside the display area E on the substrate 1. Here, since the film formation mask 10 is used to form the luminescent layer 43 and the electron transporting layer 44, the false patterns 20R, 20G, and 20B are formed by virtue of the patterns 21R, 21G, and 21B obtained during the formation of the luminescent layer 43, as well as the patterns 22R, 22G, and 23B obtained during the formation of the electron transporting layer 44. Further, an adhesive agent 6 is applied outside the outermost false patterns 20R, so that an adhesion surface 7a of a cover 7 is allowed to be pressed thereon, thereby rendering the cover 7 to be tightly bonded to the outer periphery of the substrate 1.
As described above, the organic layer 4 has a five-layer structure including the hole injection layer 41, the hole transporting layer 42, the luminescent layer 43, the electron transporting layer 44, and the electron injection layer 45. On the other hand, it is also possible to form one-layer structure through four-layer structure by omitting (if necessary) some layers other than luminescent layer 43. Moreover, each of the above layers can be produced not only in the form of single layer, but also possible to be in a multi-layer structure. Besides, it is allowable to add other organic layers (a hole barrier layer, an electron barrier layer or the like).
Although the present embodiment shows that the film formation mask 10 is used to paint the luminescent layer 43 and the electron transporting layer 44 with different colors, the film formation mask 10 can also be used to paint other organic layers with different colors. At this time, the false patterns of the organic layer material (to be painted with different colors) are formed outside the display area E.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing a method of manufacturing the organic EL panel and the operation of the organic EL panel, in accordance with the present embodiment. As shown, since the false patterns 20R, 20G, and 20B are formed outside the display area E, they do not affect the display of the organic EL panel. Furthermore, since the false patterns 20R, 20G, and 20B are disposed in positions separated from the film stripes 30R, 30G, and 30B forming the luminescent areas 40R, 40G, and 40B, these false patterns can act as protective barriers for preventing the adhesive agent 6 from getting into contact with areas near the outermost film stripes 30R, 30G, and 30B.
On the other hand, the adhesive agent 6 generates moisture, oxygen gas or the like which are considered as factors deteriorating the organic luminescent layer. However, since moisture, oxygen gas or the like will erode through some transfer mediums in contact with each other, such an erosion can be prevented if the transfer mediums are not in contact with each other. Namely, if the false patterns 20R, 20G, and 20B serving as protection barriers for preventing the adhesive agent 6 from moving towards the display area are located separately from areas near the outermost film stripes 30R, 30G, and 30B, and if the false patterns 20R, 20G, and 20B are made independent from one another, it is possible to prevent the areas near the outermost film stripes 30R, 30G, and 30B from getting eroded by the adhesive agent.
In order to obtain the above-mentioned effect, it is necessary for the false patterns 20R, 20G, and 20B to be sized such that they are not in direct connection with the areas near the outermost film stripes 30R, 30G, and 30B. On the other hand, the false patterns 20R, 20G, and 20B should not be separated too far away from the display area E, since such an arrangement can reduce a desired utilization efficiency (display area/panel area) of display panel. For this reason, it is required that the false patterns be formed in positions separated from the outermost film stripes 30R, 30G, and 30B at the same pitch as the film stripes. Further, where such separation has been set smaller than the pitch of the film stripes, it is preferable that the width Wd of false openings be made small. If the width W1 of the film stripes 30R, 30G, and 30B is larger than P/3, the edge portions of the film stripes 30R, 30G, and 30B will be overlapped with each other. Accordingly, to independently arrange the false patterns 20R, 20G, 20B with an interval S, it is necessary for the Wd1 of the false patterns 20R, 20G, and 20B to be smaller than the width W1 of the film stripes 30R, 30G, and 30B.
Therefore, as mentioned above, the width Wd of the false openings 10D of the film formation mask 10 is set to be smaller than the width W of the openings 10A. On the other hand, although the width Wd1 of the false patterns 20R, 20G, and 20B is determined by the width Wd of the false openings 10D, the width Wd1 of the false patterns will not be exactly equal to the width Wd of the false openings 10D. This is because there may be some film formation errors due to some error factors (such as pattern deformation due to spread of vapor deposition flow, an operation deviation with the film formation mask, an error of precision in forming mask openings). In view of this, the Wd width of the false openings 10D should be set such that the false patterns 20R, 20G, and 20B will not be overlapped with each other (to ensure the formation of the interval S).
The above-described embodiment shows that in the process of manufacturing an organic EL panel, the film formation mask 10 is caused to slide only a distance P/n (P: pitch of openings 10A; n: the number of different colors for painting) so as to form n lengths of false patterns. However, such an embodiment should not form any limitation to the present invention. For example, FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing a film formation mask formed according to another embodiment of the present invention.
In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 8A to 8C, a plurality of paintings with different colors are performed by different film formation masks 11(R), 11(G), and 11(B). In each of the film formation masks 11(R), 11(G), and 11(B), a plurality of openings 11A corresponding to the film stripes which form luminescent areas in various film formation processes are formed with the same pitch P as the above-described embodiment. Then, outside the outermost openings 11A on the film formation masks 11(R), 11(G), and 11(B), there are formed false openings 11D separated P1, P2, and P3 (P2=P1+P/3, P3=P2+P/3) from the outermost openings 11A of the film formation masks 11(R), 11(G), and 11(B).
FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing an organic EL panel painted by different colors in different luminescent areas using film formation masks 11(R), 11(G), and 11(B). Actually, in the process of forming the film stripes 30R, 30G, and 30B, patterns based on the false openings 11D are laminated in positions separated P1, P2, and P3 from the film stripes 30R, 30G, and 30B, so that it is possible to form one false pattern 21 in each area. In this way, since it is possible to increase the height of each laminated false pattern 21, it is allowed to increase an effect of blocking an adhesive agent. Further, since the false pattern 21 is required to be formed in only one position, it is allowed to increase the space efficiency of the panel.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the film formation masks 11(R), 11(G), and 11(B) can also be constructed such that the false openings 11D are formed on both sides of each mask, or that only one false opening is formed on only one side of each mask. Moreover, it is not absolutely necessary for each of the three film formation masks 11(R), 11(G), and 11(B) to be formed with false opening(s) 11D. In fact, it is allowable to select only one or two of the masks to have such false opening(s) 11D. Alternatively, among the film formation masks 11(R), 11(G), and 11(B), one of them is formed on one side thereof with a false opening 11D, while another is formed on the other side thereof with a false opening 11D.
FIGS. 10A-10C are explanatory views showing an example of a false pattern 22 formed in one position. By shaping the false opening 11D into an appropriate form, it is allowed to form a false pattern 22 corresponding in shape to the false opening 11D. FIG. 10A shows that in an area near an edge of the substrate, the length of the false pattern 22 is ΔL shorter than the film stripe 30R (30G, 30B). FIG. 10B shows that in an area near an edge of the substrate, the length of the false pattern 22 is ΔL longer than the film stripe 30R (30G, 30B) to ensure an improved effect of blocking an adhesive agent. FIG. 10C shows that the false pattern 22 (22A, 22B . . . ) can be divided into several portions so as to form false patterns (of expensive organic material) only in necessary areas.
Other embodiments of the film formation mask will be described below with reference to FIGS. 11-13. FIG. 11A is a plan view and FIG. 11B is an enlarged view showing in detail a portion (portion A) of FIG. 11A. An embodiment shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B is a film formation mask for use in forming a plurality of panels on a large-sized substrate. As shown in FIG. 11A, a large-scaled film formation mask 12 includes a plurality of mask units M each corresponding to one piece of panel. Each mask unit M includes a plurality of openings 12A and the false openings 12D arranged in the same manner as that shown in FIG. 2. Further, as shown in FIG. 11A, the plurality of mask units M are arranged in both longitudinal and lateral directions. Specifically, it is important to prevent a slacking when the large-sized film formation mask 12 is being set in position during a manufacturing process, so that a relatively large tension T is added. At this time, as shown in FIG. 11B, since a possible deformation caused by the tension T can be absorbed by the false openings 12D located near the outer edges of each mask unit M, there would be no deformation in the openings 12A for forming luminescent areas. In this way, with regard to each panel, it is possible to form film stripes with high precision in an entire display area, thereby obtaining panels with high display performance.
Although the film formation masks 10, 11, and 12 in the above-described embodiments have stripe-like openings 10A, 11A, and 12A, the openings of film formation masks of the present invention should not be limited to stripe-like shape. For example, FIGS. 12A-12C show film formation masks formed according to further embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 12A shows a film formation mask 13 having vertically (in the drawing) arranged rectangular openings 13A disposed alternately corresponding to the display area E, while false openings 13D having the same shape as the openings 13A are formed as extensions of the arrangement of the openings 13A on the outside of the display area E. FIG. 12B shows a film formation mask 14 having vertically (in the drawing) arranged rectangular openings 14A disposed alternately corresponding to the display area E, while only a single one false opening 14D having an elongated shape is formed on the outside of the display area E. FIG. 12C shows a film formation mask 15 having horizontally (in the drawing) arranged rectangular openings 15A disposed alternately corresponding to the display area E, while false openings 15D having the same shape as the openings 15A are formed corresponding to all horizontal rows of the openings 15A on the outside of the display area E, thereby forming a column of the false openings 15D.
Actually, the shape of the false openings should not be specifically limited, but can be in any one of other forms, provided that it is possible to ensure an effect of absorbing a distortion during an addition of a tension, as well as to form false patterns outside the display area for acting as adhesive blocking barriers.
Although the above embodiments have been described on the assumption that different colors are painted on the formed films divided in accordance with respective luminescent colors, the present invention should not be limited by these embodiments. In particular, as a method of forming color display panel, it is allowed to employ not only the method of painting different colors (two or more colors) on a luminescent layer by sliding or changing a film formation mask, but also CF Method or CCM Method which combines a color conversion layer (based on a color filter or fluorescent material) with a luminescent layer of a single color such as white or blue, as well as Photobleaching Method which applies an electromagnetic wave or the like to the luminescent areas of monochromatic luminescent layer so as to realize a plurality of luminescent layers. Further, as color display panel formation method not involving painting different colors, it is allowed to carry out a process which does not involve repeatedly using the film formation mask.
For example, it is possible to use a film formation mask 16 shown in FIG. 13. As shown, the film formation mask 16 has an opening 16A corresponding to the display area E, as well as a false opening 16D formed outside the outermost edge of the opening 16A and not involved in forming organic layer in luminescent area. In this way, when a film pattern of an organic layer is formed all over the display area E, it is possible to form a false pattern of an organic layer on the outside of the display area E. Therefore, no matter which of the aforementioned CF Method, CCM Method and Photobleaching Method is employed, it is possible to form the false pattern functioning as a protection barrier (for blocking an adhesive agent) on the outside of the display area.
Moreover, film formation mask, organic EL panel, and organic EL panel manufacturing method should not be limited by the structure of organic EL devices, and in fact it is possible to laminate a plurality of organic luminescent layers (each interposed between a pair of electrodes) on the substrate so as to form a multi-color luminescent structure. For example, it is possible to laminate (on the substrate) lower electrodes, a first organic luminescent layer, first intermediate electrodes, a second organic luminescent layer, second intermediate electrodes, a third organic luminescent layer, and upper electrodes.
The features and advantages of film formation mask, organic EL panel, and organic EL panel manufacturing method according to the preferred embodiments of the present invention may be concluded as follows.
Firstly, the film formation mask of the present invention has openings arranged corresponding to a film pattern for forming luminescent areas of the organic EL devices, and has false openings located outside an area containing the openings. Therefore, a tension added when setting the film formation mask can be absorbed by the false openings, thereby preventing an undesired deformation of the openings formed corresponding to luminescent areas. As a result, there would be no film pattern disorder near the outermost edge of the display area.
Secondly, film pattern of an organic layer for forming luminescent areas of organic EL devices are formed on the substrate by virtue of the openings of the film formation mask, while the false patterns of the organic layer are formed outside an area containing luminescent areas, by virtue of the false openings. In this way, the false patterns can serve as protection barrier for blocking an adhesive agent applied around the display area, thereby preventing the outmost edge of the display area from contacting the adhesive agent, thus preventing an erosion of the adhesive into the display area.
Thirdly, using the method of manufacturing an organic EL panel, the false patterns serving as protection barrier for blocking an adhesive agent and the film pattern for forming luminescent areas can be formed simultaneously. Therefore, it is possible to realize an efficient formation of the false patterns without having to change the existing manufacturing process.
Fourthly, with regard to the above-described film formation mask, the organic EL panel, and the method of manufacturing the organic EL panel, since the width of each false opening is set to be narrower than the width of each opening, and since the width of each false pattern is set to be narrower than the width of each film stripe for forming luminescent areas, even if the film formation mask is slid a distance equal to the width of an opening in order to paint different colors on the film pattern, it is still possible for the false patterns to be formed completely separated from film pattern. In this way, by virtue of the separately formed false patterns, it is possible to protect the luminescent areas by completely blocking some deterioration factors (harmful to the organic layer) transported inwardly through the contact with the adhesive agent, thereby exactly enabling the false patterns to act as barriers for blocking the adhesive agent.
Fifthly, since film formation error in forming patterns is taken into account when setting the width of the false openings and the width of the false patterns, it is possible to exactly separate the false patterns (even if film formation errors have occurred due to various error factors) from film pattern. Consequently, by virtue of the separately formed false patterns, it is possible to protect the luminescent areas by completely blocking some deterioration factors (harmful to the organic layer) transported inwardly through the contact with the adhesive agent, thereby exactly enabling the false patterns to act as barriers for blocking the adhesive agent.
Sixthly, with the above-described film formation mask, organic EL panel and organic EL panel manufacturing method, since the length of the false openings is shorter than the length of the above openings in the corner portions of the substrate, and since the length of the false openings is shorter than the length of a film pattern, there would be no overlap between an adhesive area and a false pattern (even if an adhesive area has been made quite large in a corner of the substrate), thereby ensuring an exact bonding of a cover and enabling the false patterns to function as protective barriers.
Seventhly, with the above-described film formation mask, organic EL panel and organic EL panel manufacturing method, since the openings of the film formation mask are used to paint at least two luminescent colors on the organic luminescent layer, and since the film pattern is formed by painting different colors, it is possible to form a plurality of false patterns by virtue of the false openings, corresponding to the number of times of painting different colors. In this way, a plurality of false patterns may be formed simultaneously in the process of painting different colors in luminescent areas. Moreover, it is possible for a plurality of false patterns to exactly protect the organic layer from several factors (harmful to the organic layer) transported from the adhesive agent.
An example of the present invention will be described in the following. However, the present invention should not be limited by such specific example.
The film formation mask is formed by processing a metal film containing nickel or the like, by virtue of chemical etching, mechanical polishing, or sandblasting. On the other hand, it is also possible to employ an electro-casting method which is excellent informing a fine pattern with a high precision and adapted to form thick mask portion in a film formation mask.
When electro-casting method is used, at first, a patterning resist is formed by photolithography process on a metal electro-casting matrix. In detail, the patterning resist is formed corresponding to the opening pattern and false opening pattern of the film formation mask. Then, after depositing a film formation mask material on the electro-casting matrix in an electrolytic solution and thus forming mask portion, the mask portion having formed thereon a desired opening pattern and a desired false opening pattern can be produced by removing the patterning resist. At this time, an appropriately completed film formation mask can be obtained by removing the mask portion from the electro-casting matrix.
The sizes of various parts of the film formation mask are as shown in FIG. 2 (where three different colors are painted) Namely, if the width W of the openings is W=50 μm, the pitch P of the openings will be P≦3×50 μm. Moreover, since there are some error factors including deformation amount e1 (an arrival error of vapor deposition flow) due to an interval between the film formation mask and the substrate, an operation deviation amount e2 occurred when setting the film formation mask on the substrate, and an error amount e3 in mask pattern formation precision, the width Wd of the false openings should be set to be narrower than the width W of the openings. That is, the width Wd of each false opening is set by Wd=W−(e1+e2+e3), so that when W=50 μm and when e1=e2=e3=5 μm, the width Wd of each false opening will be Wd=35 μm.
An electrode material for forming anodes is deposited as a thin film on a substrate by virtue of vapor deposition, sputtering or the like, followed by patterning the deposited film into a desired electrode structure by photolithography process or the like. Further, an insulating material is applied and luminescent area formation portions are patterned by photolithography process or the like. Subsequently, hole injection layer material and hole transporting layer material are vapor deposited successively.
Next, film formation mask is used to deposit luminescent-layer material in accordance with RGB luminescent areas, thereby forming a desired film pattern in the display area of a display panel. Meanwhile, false patterns consisting of luminescent-layer material are formed outside the display area. Afterwards, electron transporting-layer material and electron-injection layer material are vapor-deposited successively on the formed film pattern in the display area, followed by vapor-depositing an electrode material for forming upper electrodes.
Then, an adhesive agent is applied to the outermost edge of the formed display area and to the outside of false patterns. Subsequently, the adhesion surface of a cover is pressed to the adhesive-applied area, so as to tightly bond the cover (covering the display area and the false patterns) to the substrate.
While there has been described what are at present considered to be preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood that various modifications may be made thereto, and it is intended that the appended claims cover all such modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. | 2019-04-21T04:57:59Z | http://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2004/0183435.html |
In today’s lab, we’ll be discussing sorting, algorithms for rearranging elements in a collection to an increasing order. A sorted collection provides several advantages, including performing binary search in time, efficiently identifying adjacent pairs within a list, finding the largest element, and so forth.
Comparison-based sorts, which rely on making pairwise comparisons between elements.
Counting-based sorts, which group elements based on their individual digits before sorting and combining each group. Counting sorts do not need to compare individual elements to each other.
In this lab, we will discuss several comparison-based sorts including insertion sort, selection sort, merge sort, and quicksort. Why all the different sorts? Each sort has a different set of advantages and disadvantages: under certain conditions, one sort may be faster than the other, or one sort may take less memory than the other, and so forth. When working with large datasets (or even medium and small datasets), choosing the right sorting algorithm can make a big difference. Along the way, we’ll develop an intuition for how each sort works by exploring examples and writing our own implementations of each sort.
To put elements in order implies that we can enforce an ordering between any two elements. Given any two elements in a list, according to total order, we should be able to decide which of the two elements is larger or smaller than the other.
However, it’s also possible that neither element is necessarily larger or smaller than the other. For instance, if we wish to determine the ordering between two strings, ["sorting", "example"], and we want to order by the length of the string, it’s not clear which one should come first because both strings are of the same length 7.
In this case, we can defer to the notion of stability: if a sort is stable, then it will preserve the relative orderings between elements in the list. In the above example then, the resultant array will be ["sorting", "example"] in a stable sort rather than ["example", "sorting"] as is possible in an unstable sort. Remember that, according to our total order by the length of the strings, the second list is still considered correctly sorted even though the relative order of equivalent elements is not preserved.
What is the benefit of stable sorting? It allows us to sort values based off multiple attributes. For example, we could stable sort a library catalog by alphabetical order, then by genre, author, etc. Without stable sorting the catalog, we are not guaranteed that the relative ordering of the previous sorts would persist so it is possible that the catalog would only be sorted by our last sort.
Consider the following example where we sort a list of animals by alphabetical order and then length of string.
Now the collection is sorted by length and elements with the same length are in alphabetical order with each other. If our sorting algorithm was not stable, then we would potentially lose the alphabetical information we achieved in the previous sort.
With your partner, discuss how you would sort a hand of 13 playing cards if you are dealt the cards one-by-one. Your hand should end up sorted first by suit, and then by rank within each suit.
Then discuss how you would sort a pile of 300 CS 61BL exams by student ID. If it’s different than your card-sorting algorithm of the previous step, explain why.
Afterwards, discuss with your partner and roughly describe an algorithm to formalize your sort. Can you tell if one is faster than the other? How so?
Start a loop over all items in your collection.
For each item you find, insert it into its correct place among all the items you’ve looked at so far.
You might have intuited insertion sort when we asked you how to sort cards. This is like when you sort cards by continually putting the next card in the right spot in a group of sorted cards that you’re holding.
Here is code that applies the insertion sort algorithm (to sort from small to large) to an array named arr.
Note that insertion sort is stable. We never swap elements if they are equal so the relative order of equal elements is preserved.
Analyze the insertionSort code given above carefully. In particular, consider the comparison step in the for loop condition.
For the following questions, discuss with your partner and submit your answers to the Gradescope assessment.
Assume we have an array of integers. What would the array have to look like before we ran insertion sort that would make insertion sort run the fastest, i.e. minimizing the number of steps needed?
What is the runtime of running insertion sort on this array?
What ordering would maximize the number of comparisons and result in the slowest runtime?
Above, we have provided code for insertion sort on an array. Now, let’s try writing insertion sort for linked lists!
The file DLList.java contains an implementation of a doubly-linked list along with method headers for different sorts. Complete the implementation of insertionSort by writing the insertionSortHelper method, which will insert a single element to an already sorted DLList.
This method should be non-destructive, so the original DLList should not be modified.
insert it into its proper place in another collection.
The insertion sort algorithm we just considered performed insertion into list-like structure, where elements had to be shifted over one-by-one to make room for new elements. The choice of a structure that allows faster insertion, namely, a binary search tree, will produce a faster algorithm.
Recall that insertion into a binary search tree runs in logarithmic time with respect to the number of items, while insertion into an array which is linear. Thus, an alternative to insertion sort is to first build a binary search tree through repeated insertions, and then traverse the tree to produce the sorted sequence. This variant of insertion sort is called tree sort.
Now that we know more about tree sorts, discuss the following questions with your partner.
What is the traversal of the binary search tree that will traverse the elements in sorted order?
What is the runtime of inserting items and returning the sorted order of the items?
Note that for tree sort to be stable, if we have two equal elements with original ordering e1 e2, then e2 must be to the right of e1 in our binary search tree. Why is that the case?
Given below is an implementation of the selection sort algorithm for arrays. You can also see a version for linked lists completed in DLList.java.
// Find the smallest element among elements k ... values.length - 1.
// Put MIN in its proper place at the end of the sorted collection.
// Elements 0 ... k are now in sorted order.
In our code for selection sort we swap the minimum element in the unsorted collection with the element at the beginning of the sorted collection. This can rearrange the relative ordering of equal elements. Thus, selection sort is unstable.
Now, let’s determine the asymptotic runtime of selection sort. One may observe that, in the first iteration of the loop, we will look through all elements of the array to find the minimum element. On the next iteration, we will look through elements to find the minimum. On the next, we’ll look through elements, and so on. Thus, the total amount of work will be the , no matter what the ordering of elements in the array or linked list prior to sorting.
Hence, we have an algorithm, equivalent to insertion sort’s normal case. But notice that selection sort doesn’t have a better case, while insertion sort does.
Can you come up with any reason we would want to use selection sort over insertion sort? Discuss with your partner.
Adding something to the end of a sorted array or linked list can be done in constant time. What hurt our runtime was finding the smallest element in the collection, which always took linear time in an array.
Is there a data structure we can use that allows us to find and remove the smallest element quickly? A heap will! Removal of the largest element from a heap of elements can be done in time proportional to , allowing us to sort our elements in time. Recall that we can also build a heap in linear time using the bottom-up heapify algorithm. This step is only done once, so it doesn’t make our overall runtime worse than that we previously established. So, once the heap is created, sorting can be done in .
Heap sort is not stable because the heap operations (recall bubbleUp and bubbleDown) can change the relative order of equal elements.
The first two sorting algorithms we’ve introduced work by iterating through each item in the collection one-by-one. With insertion sort and selection sort, both maintain a “sorted section” and an “unsorted section” and gradually sort the entire collection by moving elements over from the unsorted section into the sorted section. Another approach to sorting is by way of divide and conquer. Divide and conquer takes advantage of the fact that empty collections or one-element collections are already sorted. This essentially forms the base case for a recursive procedure that breaks the collection down to smaller pieces before merging adjacent pieces together to form the completely sorted collection.
The idea behind divide and conquer can be broken down into the following 3-step procedure.
Split the elements to be sorted into two collections.
Compared to selection sort, which involves comparing every element with every other element, divide and conquer can reduce the number of unnecessary comparisons between elements by sorting or enforcing order on sub-ranges of the full collection. The runtime advantage of divide and conquer comes largely from the fact that merging already-sorted sequences is very fast.
Two algorithms that apply this approach are merge sort and quicksort.
Merge sort works by executing the following procedure until the base case of an empty or one-element collection is reached.
Split the collection to be sorted in half.
Recursively call merge sort on each half.
The reason merge sort is fast is because merging two lists that are already sorted takes linear time proportional to the sum of the lengths of the two lists. In addition, splitting the collection in half requires a single pass through the elements. The processing pattern is depicted in the diagram below.
Each level in the diagram is a collection of processes that all together run in linear time. Since there are levels with each level doing work proportional to , the total time is proportional to .
Merge sort is stable as long as we make sure when merging two halves together that we favor equal elements in the left half.
To test your understanding of merge sort, fill out the mergeSort method in DLList.java. Be sure to take advantage of the provided merge method!
Split the collection to be sorted into three collections by partitioning around a pivot (or “divider”). One collection consists of elements smaller than the pivot, the second collection consists of elements equal to the pivot, and the third consists of elements greater than or equal to the pivot.
Recursively call quicksort on the each collection.
Merge the sorted collections by concatenation.
Specifically, this version of quicksort is called “three-way partitioning quicksort” due to the three partitions that the algorithm makes on every call.
Here’s an example of how this might work, sorting an array containing 3, 1, 4, 5, 9, 2, 8, 6.
Put 4, 5, 9, 8, and 6 into the “large” collection and 1 and 2 into the “small” collection. No elements go in the “equal” collection.
Sort the large collection into 4, 5, 6, 8, 9; sort the small collection into 1, 2; combine the two collections with the pivot to get 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9.
Depending on the implementation, quicksort is not stable because when we move elements to the left and right of our pivot the relative ordering of equal elements can change.
Some of the code is missing from the quicksort method in DLList.java. Fill in the function to complete the quicksort implementation.
Be sure to use the supplied helper methods, namely append and addLast! This method should be non-destructive, so the original DLList should not be modified.
First, let’s consider the best-case scenario where each partition divides a range optimally in half. Using some of the strategies picked up from the merge sort analysis, we can determine that quicksort’s best case asymptotic runtime behavior is . Discuss with your partner why this is the case, and any differences between quicksort’s best case runtime and merge sort’s runtime.
However, quicksort is faster in practice and tends to have better constant factors (which aren’t included in the big-Oh analysis). To see this, let’s examine exactly how quicksort works.
We know concatenation in a linked list can be done in constant time or linear time if it’s an array. Partitioning can be done in time proportional to the number of elements . If the partitioning is optimal and splits each range more or less in half, we have a similar logarithmic division of levels downward like in merge sort. On each division, we still do the same linear amount of work as we need to decide whether each element is greater or less than the pivot.
However, once we’ve reached the base case, we don’t need as many steps to reassemble the sorted collection. Remember that with merge sort, while each list of one element is sorted with respect to itself, the entire set of one-element lists is not necessarily in order which is why there are steps to merge upwards in merge sort. This isn’t the case with quicksort as each element is in order. Thus, merging in quicksort is simply one level of linear-time concatenation.
Unlike merge sort, quicksort has a worst-case runtime different from its best-case runtime. Suppose we always choose the first element in a range as our pivot. Then, which of the following conditions would cause the worst-case runtime for quicksort? Discuss with your partner, and submit your answer to the Gradescope assessment.
What is the runtime of running quicksort on this array?
Under these conditions, does this special case of quicksort remind you of any other sorting algorithm we’ve discussed in this lab? Discuss with your partner.
Given a random collection of integers, what’s the best possible choice of pivot for quicksort that will break the problem down into levels? Discuss with your partner and describe an algorithm to find this pivot element. What is its runtime? It’s okay if you think your solution isn’t the most efficient.
How fast was the pivot-finding algorithm that you came up with? Finding the exact median of our elements may take so much time that it may not help the overall runtime of quicksort at all. It may be worth it to choose an approximate median, if we can do so really quickly. Options include picking a random element, or picking the median of the first, middle, and last elements. These will at least avoid the worst case we discussed above.
In practice, quicksort turns out to be the fastest of the general-purpose sorting algorithms we have covered so far. For example, it tends to have better constant factors than that of merge sort. For this reason, Java uses this algorithm for sorting arrays of primitive types, such as ints or floats. With some tuning, the most likely worst-case scenarios are avoided, and the average case performance is excellent.
When there are only a few items in a sub-collection (near the base case of the recursion), insertion sort is used instead.
For larger arrays, more effort is expended on finding a good pivot.
Various machine-dependent methods are used to optimize the partitioning algorithm and the swap operation.
For object types, however, Java uses a hybrid of merge sort and insertion sort called “Timsort” instead of quicksort. Can you come up with an explanation as to why? Hint: Think about stability!
Simple sorts like insertion sort and selection sort which demonstrated algorithms that maintained a sorted section and moved unsorted elements into this sorted section one-by-one. With optimization like heap sort or the right conditions (relatively sorted list in the case of insertion sort), these simple sorts can be fast!
Divide and conquer sorts like merge sort and quicksort. These algorithms take a different approach to sorting: we instead take advantage of the fact that collections of one element are sorted with respect to themselves. Using recursive procedures, we can break larger sorting problems into smaller subsequences that can be sorted individually and quickly recombined to produce a sorting of the original collection.
Here are several online resources for visualizing sorting algorithms. If you’re having trouble understanding these sorts, use these resources as tools to help build intuition about how each sort works.
Selection Sort No Can be made stable under certain conditions.
Heap Sort No If all elements are equal then runtime is . Hard to make stable.
Merge Sort Yes An optimized sort called “Timsort” is used by Java for arrays of reference types.
Quicksort Depends Stability and runtime depends on partitioning strategy; three-way partition quicksort is stable. If all elements are equal, then the runtime using three-way partition quicksort is . Used by Java for arrays of primitive types. Fastest in practice. | 2019-04-26T06:17:35Z | https://cs61bl.org/su18/labs/lab27/ |
… of our fallen Brothers and Sisters.
Robert Edward Rice, of Havre de Grace, passed away on April 13, 2018. He was 68.
Mr. Rice was born in Shiilingsfurst, Germany, to George Edward Rice and Marianne Bar Rice. He was the devoted husband of the late Norma Jean Rice, loving father of Jackie M. Montville and her husband Andy, of Perryville, and Renee L. Rice and her husband David Allen Benedict, Sr., of Perryville, and Jason Edward Rice, of Havre de Grace. He was the adored grandfather of Cameron I. Rice, David Allen Benedict, Jr., Erin Danielle Dixon, and Kirsten Briana Dixon. Mr. Rice was the dear brother of Leah Hammons and her husband Willard Hammons, and the uncle of Rachel Daugherty.
Mr. Rice was a paramedic at Aberdeen Proving Ground for many years. He then became an LPN at Perry Point VAMC until retirement. He was a Life Member of the Havre de Grace Ambulance Corps. and volunteered with Susquehanna Hose Company. Mr. Rice enjoyed camping and watching sports. His greatest love was being with and cheering on his grandchildren in their activities and sports.
A viewing was held on Thursday, April 19, from 3-5 and 7-9 p.m., at Zellman Funeral Home, P.A., 123 S. Washington St., Havre de Grace, MD. A funeral service was held on Friday, April 20, at 11 a.m., at the funeral home. Interment at Harford Memorial Gardens. Pallbearers were Jason Rice, Andy Montville, Dave Benedict, Jay Andrews, Kyle Presnell and Cameron Rice.
Contributions may be made in his memory to Havre de Grace Ambulance Corps., P.O. Box 465, Havre de Grace, MD 21078.
Larry Allen Krediet, of Elkton, MD, passed away on Sunday, September 7, 2014. He was 58.
Mr. Krediet was born in Monroe, Washington to Cornelia Crofton of Bridgeport, WA, and the late Clifford Krediet. He was the devoted husband of Marlene J. Krediet, loving father of Brandy Anne Graziosi and her husband Justin; of Elkton, MD, Erin Lynn Danaher of Frederick, MD, and the late Benjamin “Benji” Allen Krediet. He was the grandfather of Cody Tyler Fidler, and brother of Robert “Bob” Krediet of Portland, OR, Wayne Krediet of Arlington, WA, and Michael Krediet and his wife Susan; of Arlington, WA. He is also survived by several aunts, uncles, nieces and cousins.
Mr. Krediet served in the U.S. Army from 1974-77. He was a Corporal for the Havre de Grace Police Dept, where he worked for 10 years. He was working for Product Distribution.
He was a paramedic and life member of the Havre de Grace Ambulance Corps. He was a member of the Life Community Church in Newark, DE. When not serving his community, he loved to ride motorcycles.
A service will be held on Friday, September 19, 2014 at 3:00 PM at Havre de Grace Ambulance Corp, 1601 Level Road, Havre de Grace, MD 21078.
Jean Harriet Mears, of Havre de Grace, MD, passed away on Saturday, September 7, 2013. She was 84 years old. She was born in Baltimore, MD to the late Charles H. and Florence A. Stephans. She was the wife of the late David N. Mears, who died in May 1982.
Mrs. Mears obtained her education in Baltimore Public Schools, having graduated from Western (Female) High School in 1947. At graduating she was awarded a certificate for having received 12 years of perfect attendance. After High School, she was employed with Allied Building Credits, a financial institution that finances Harundale Homes in Glen Burnie. ABC was a subsidiary of Bank of America, with the home base being in California. The office was on South Street in Baltimore, MD. In 1951, she moved to Havre de Grace with her parents. She continued to commute to Baltimore until 1953, when she became employed by Livezey Lumber Company in Aberdeen, MD. She late transferred to Chesapeake Lumber Company, on the property where City Hall is now located. Her husband to be, David, also worked for Livezey Lumber Company, and they met in 1956 and were married in 1957 after he was discharged from the United States Marine Corps.
In 1965 a construction company was formed known as Knight and Mears, Inc., which was at 623 Ontario Street. After the death of Mr. Mears’ partner, Dalet T. Knight, in 1971, the operation was moved to 629 Revolution Street, where she and her husband continued the business until her husband’s death in 1982. In 1983, the business was sold and in 1985 the property was sold to the Havre de Grace Ambulance Corps.
Her proudest moment was when the Havre de Grace Ambulance Corp. made her an Honorary Member in 2000.
Mrs. Mears’ volunteer activities were extensive. She served on the Christmas Committee for 10 years, with a host of other volunteers, making live greenery wreaths and placing them on all of the buildings in downtown Havre de Grace. She and Richard Tome were instrumental in placing luminaries down Union Avenue, which is a ritual, even today. She was charter President of the Venture Club, an organization for young business women. She was President and Past President of the Soroptimist Club of Havre de Grace, serving on many committees. In 1987, the Soroptimist Club honored her with the distinctive award of “Woman of the Year”, and at the same time, then Mayor David Craig honored her with the proclamation naming her Honorary Citizen of Havre de Grace. She was on the Board of Directors of the Havre de Grace Chamber of Commerce. In 1984 she was asked to be the fund-raiser chairperson for the Havre de Grace Police Training and Community Center. In light of this, she was asked to serve as the Secretary for the Havre de Grace Law Enforcement Association, a group formed to oversee the planning and construction of the building now known as the Havre de Grace Community Center Lagaret Lane. Ms. Mears had the task of raising $100,000.00 so a matching grant could be obtained from the State of Maryland. Doing this, the addition funding came from the Mayor and City Council of Havre de Grace to complete the building. Each window in the hall was in memory/ honor of a loved one and has a plaque inscribed indicating the window of their choice. The building was completed and dedicated in 1989.
Her volunteerism remained with her having been named on the Board of Directors for Job Corps., Chairperson of the Tree Committee, which placed memorial trees on Union Avenue. In 1993 she received a Certificate of Appreciation from the Havre de Grace Chamber of Commerce for her dedicated service. She was employed part-time at various jobs, but in 1994 she accepted a position as the coordinator for the Aberdeen Chamber of Commerce. Her position got her involved in a host of outside activities, which she pursued in the name of the Aberdeen Chamber of Commerce. She was later named Director of the Chamber, the position she held until her retirement in 2004. She volunteered for the Ripken Stadium, supporting their projects, promoted the Ripken Museum, and was a member of the Cal Ripken Sr., Foundation. In 2004, the Aberdeen Mayor and City Council presented her with a commemorative plaque of Aberdeen for her 10 years of service to the Aberdeen Chamber of Commerce and for her volunteer work for the community of Aberdeen.
After her retirement, she volunteered at the Havre de Grace Visitor’s Center, which was an important job to her, especially promoting the City of Havre de Grace. She supported many activities and organizations in Havre de Grace and became a member of the Young at Heart.
Mrs. Mears was a member of the Presbyterian Church of Havre de Grace, and served on the Board of Trustees for many years. She enjoyed gardening and decorating her home, as well as reading and completing word puzzles. She was also fond of volunteering.
She is survived by her daughter, Melanie Diane Werst and her husband Christian of Punta Gorda, FL, her niece, Joan Harrison Jackson and her husband Terry of Colorado, a nephew John A. Harrison, III, and his wife Joann of Westminster, MD. She was predeceased by her sister, Charlotte D. Harrison and her brother-in-law, John Harrison.
Robert Harris Martin, 74, of Moreland, died Friday, Oct. 4, 2013. He was the husband of Lee Martin.
Born Dec. 13, 1938, in Asheville, N.C., he was the son of the late Robert James and Betsy Martin. He was a United States Navy veteran and retired engineer for the federal government. He enjoyed boating and watching football. Robert loved his family and volunteering, he was a former Big Brother, worked with the American Red Cross and most recently he volunteered with the Hurricane Sandy Relief efforts.
Along with his wife, he is survived by three daughters, Lisa Martin Cushing of Danville, Laura Martin (Kevin) Brown of Maryland, and Lynn Martin (John) Lombino of Moreland; a son, Bobby Martin of Lexington; 11 grandchildren, Brittany, Matthew, Delaney, Madelynn, Courtney, Carter, Blake, Chandler, Dominick, Emory and Caden; three nephews, Richard Finnerty Nuthall, John Tweed and Robert Tweed. He was preceded in death by a sister, Frances Finnerty Nuthall; and a son-in-law, Mike Cushing.
Robert was an dedicated and active member of the Havre de Grace Ambulance Corps for 5 years.
James Carroll Vancherie, Jr., of Havre de Grace, MD, passed away on November 2, 2013, with his loving family beside him. . He was 90.
Mr. Vancherie was born in Havre de Grace, to the late James Carroll Vancherie, Sr., and Jessie E. Fadely Vancherie. He was the devoted husband of 69 years to the late Gussie Irene Vancherie, loving father of James Carroll Vancherie, III, Jesse Calvin Vancherie and wife Deborah, Nannette DeLuca Martin and husband Samuel and Constance Ann Vancherie. He was the adored grandfather of Tamara Lynn Derrickson, Denise DeLuca, Anthony DeLuca, Angela Vancherie and Jesse “Jay” Calvin Vancherie. He was a loving great-grandfather to Nicholas Hayes, Peyton Hayes, Dean Maida and Gianna DeLuca.
Mr. Vancherie was predeceased by his parents, a grandson Vincent Vancherie, and a sister Elizabeth Doukas.
Mr. Vancherie owned and enjoyed operating Vancherie’s Restaurant in Havre de Grace for 62 years. He also owned and operated the Inter-County Bus Line. He loved jet-boating on his Chris Craft Boats. He served on the Havre de Grace City Council for 4 years and was an Honorary Life Member of the Havre de Grace Ambulance Corps.
Karen Anna Melton, (April 25, 1975 – November 17, 2013) succumbed to leukemia after a three-month battle. She is survived by her husband Timothy and newborn daughter Kinzey of Aberdeen, her 13-year-old son, Mathew Markowski, her parents John and Mary Markowski of Jarrettsville; her brother Kevin Markowski and his wife Tessa of Boonsboro, MD and two nephews and one niece. She was 38 years old. Karen was a paramedic for the Harford County Volunteer Fire and EMS Foundation and a Volunteer ALS Member of the Havre de Grace Ambulance Corps. She was an avid reader, music lover and talented seamstress and crafter.
Norma Jean Cole Rice, of Havre de Grace, Maryland, passed away on Sunday, October 16, 2011. She was 58 years old.
She was born in Richlands, Virginia, to Ulise Cole and the late Betty Jean Keen Cole. She was the devoted wife of 38 years to Robert E. Rice. She was the beloved mother of Jason Rice of Havre de Grace, MD, Jackie Montville and her husband Andy Montville of Havre de Grace, MD, and Renee Rice and her fiancé David Benedict, of Perryville, MD. She was the adored grandmother of Cameron Rice, of Perryville, MD Erin and Kirsten Dixon of Port Deposit, MD and David Benedict Jr of Oxford, PA. As well as the dear sister of Leonard Cole of Brentwood, CA, Charlie Cole and his wife Kimberly of Joppatown, MD, Bonnie Andrews and her husband Richard Andrews, Sr., of Shenandoah, VA, Judy Poling and her husband Daniel, and Janice Schwartz and her husband Michael of Port Deposit, MD, and the late Bertha Sample. She is also survived by her brother-in-law Charles Sample of Perryville, MD, sister-in-law Leah Hammons and brother-in-law Willard Hammons, of Darlington, MD, as well as 13 nieces and nephews, and several great-nieces and nephews.
Mrs. Rice was a nurse for Harford Memorial Hospital and Upper Chesapeake Medical Center. She also worked for Amedysis Home Healthcare and she loved teaching others CPR and First Aid.
Mrs. Rice was a 30 year member and former treasure of the Havre de Grace Ambulance Corps., and the Susquehanna Hose Company Ladies Auxiliary. She loved camping, reading and going to yard sales. She also enjoyed crocheting and collecting antique aluminum. Most of all, she loved taking care of her family and friends. She always had a compassionate smile and would help anyone in need.
Larry “Hank” Allen Schnakenberg, Jr., of Havre de Grace, MD, passed away on Sunday, October 17, 2010. He was 37. He was the husband of Heidi D. Schnakenberg and the father to Larry “Tres” Allen Schnakenberg, III.
Hank was born in San Antonio, TX to Helen “Mickie” F. Owen and the late SGM Retired Larry Allen Schnakenberg, Sr.
Hank is survived by his Brothers Timothy Allen Schnakenberg, the late Rodney Carol Bain, and Russell Eugene Bain and his wife Denise. He is also survived by his sister Becky Renea Stowe and her husband Robert. He was predeceased by his maternal grandparents Walter and Olive Owen, his paternal grandparents Raymond and Elva Schnakenberg and his Aunt Mildred Foster. Hank is survived by Errol and Sue Hoch, his In-laws, many family members and friends.
Larry “Hank” A. Schnakenberg was a Driver/Medic for the Harford County Volunteer Fire & EMS Foundation, INC. Hank was a graduate of the Buckeye High School in Deville, LA. He loved playing sports. Hank was a baseball player for the USA team in Germany. He played football and wrestled. Hank was also a coach for the Havre de Grace Youth Football Team. He was also a volunteer for the Havre de Grace Ambulance Corp. He also volunteered for Susquehanna Hose Company from1998 to 2005. He was currently a student at the CCBC at Essex campus. He loved racing Micro Sprint cars with his son Tres and serving his community.
He was born on June 19, 1956 in Havre De Grace, MD, the son of Evelyn and the late Clay C. Wagoner of Aberdeen, MD.
He worked for the Harford County Department of Public Works at the Abingdon water treatment plant facility as a Supervisor / Management Specialist for over 15 years. Previously he was employed by the City of Havre De Grace working at the Water Treatment Plant for approximately 17 years, working his way up to Supervisor.
Mr. Wagoner was also employed by the Bel Air Drive in Big M Restaurant for over 30 years, and the old Havre De Grace Movie Theater as a protectionist.
He was a devoted life member of the Susquehanna Hose Company and Havre de Grace Ambulance Corp. Holding numerous elected positions Such as Chief of the Ambulance Corp., and Captain of the Fire Company, and many more.
His hobbies included hunting, fishing, car shows, watching the Ravens, and spending quality time with his family and friends.
Deborah L. Simons of Aberdeen, MD, Karen L. DeHaven and her husband Joe, of Havre De Grace, MD, one brother Kenneth R. Wagoner of Aberdeen, MD. Five grandchildren, Tyler, Danielle, Ryan, Kayla Wagoner, and Miranda Bolyard. He also leaves behind numerous nieces, nephews, cousins and beloved friends.
In addition to his father he was predeceased by two brothers Gary and David Wagoner.
Edward A. Rosenkrans of Havre de Grace, MD passed away with his family by his side on January 28, 2010 at Harford Memorial Hospital. He was 61.
Mr. Rosenkrans was born in Havre de Grace, MD to the late Paul L. and Maxine (Perry) Rosenkrans. He was the beloved husband of 41 years to Linda T. Rosenkrans. He was the devoted father of Amy Rosenkrans, Kristen Gardiner and her husband Rich and Megan Lingenfelter and her husband Glen. He was a loving grandfather to Brittany Rosenkrans, Joshua and Colin Gardiner, Bethany, Andrew and Ava Lingenfelter. He was predeceased by his grandson Caleb Gardiner. He is survived by his brother John Rosenkrans, a sister Linda Lovering, many nieces and nephews and special friend Mary Frances Walker. He was predeceased by a brother Paul Rosenkrans, III.
Mr.Rosenkrans was Past Chief of Susquehanna Hose Company and a Life Time Member of the Havre de Grace Ambulance Corp., he was also a member of the Society of the First Infantry Division. He was also a member of the First Christian Church of Havre de Grace. He loved Blue Grass music, Christmas and his grandchildren. Pallbearers will be Richard Gardiner, Glen Lingenfelter, Paul Taylor, Paul Rosenkrans, Brandon Taylor, and Andre Fournier. A visitation will be held on Sunday, January 31, 2010 from 5 to 8 PM at the Zellman Funeral Home, P.A., 123 S. Washington Street, Havre de Grace, MD 21078. A service will be held on Monday, February 1, 2010 at 10 AM at the Zellman Funeral Home, P.A. Interment will be at Harford Memorial Gardens, where Military Honors will be given.
Vincent L. Way of Havre de Grace died January 3, 2007 at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital. He was 59.
Vince was born to Arthur and Margaret Way on September 23, 1947, and was the husband of Deborah Angelucci Way. Raised in Havre de Grace, he proudly followed in his father’s footsteps and entered the U.S. Army in July 1967. He served two tours of duty with Army Intelligence in Vietnam between 1968 and 1970. He was honorably discharged with the rank of Sergeant in 1971, and was decorated with the Vietnam Campaign Ribbon, Good Conduct Medal, Army Commendation Medal, Bronze Star and Purple Heart.
After completing his military service, he returned to Havre de Grace and continued to serve his community as a member of the Havre de Grace Police Department. He later went on to work for the U.S. Government Department of Defense, retiring in 2004 after 32 years of service.
Vince’s passion for his community led him to join the Havre de Grace Ambulance Corps in 1971 where he was fondly known to all as “Vinny” or “Pops”. Throughout his 35 years with the Corps, he held the positions of President, Lieutenant, Captain, and served on the Board of Directors. For 11 years, from 1991 through 2002, he was Assistant Chief. He was Vice President of the Harford County Volunteer Fire and Ambulance Association And for 10 years served on the Board of Directors for the County Association and the Medical Advisory Board. He was also a trustee to the Harford County Volunteer Fire and EMS Association. Vince was a friend and mentor to many people in the Ambulance Corps. His service as an EMS provider for the citizens of Havre de Grace and surrounding communities continued to be a priority until his illness started progressing in late Summer of 2006. He was also a Life Member of the Susquehanna Hose Company where he was a 20-year member. He was honored when asked to fill a vacancy on the Havre de Grace City Council and was in that position from 2005-2006, serving on the Public Safety Committee to further protect the citizens of Havre de Grace. His special passion this past year was as a dedicated volunteer for the Disabled Veterans at Perry Point transporting disabled veterans to their medical appointments.
Mike Bowman was an active Member and a past EMS Captain.
Dickie Deaner was a Havre de Grace Police Lieutenant and an active Member of the Havre de Grace Ambulance Corps in the 1960’s.
it’s a dedication, a lifestyle, a commitment.
It’s the hope that we may make a difference in someone’s chance for life.
or how hard the strife.
for their health and well-being.
so your wound we may heal.
through the compassion that we’ve shown. | 2019-04-18T21:09:41Z | http://www.hdgac.org/in-remembrance/ |
In my view, one of the most underreported stories coming out of Omaha the last 50 years was what Don Benning achieved as a young black man at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. At a time and in a place when blacks were denied opportunity, he was given a chance as an educator and a coach and he made the most of the situation. The following story, a version of which appeared in a March 2010 issue of The Reader (www.thereader.com), charted his accomplishments on the 40th anniversary of making some history that has not gotten the attention it deserves. He made history at then-Omaha University as the nation’s first black coach of a major team sport at a predominantly white institution of higher education. I believe he was also the first black coach to lead a team at a predominantly white high education institution to a national championship. He laid the groundwork for the UNO wrestling dynasty that followed some years later under the leadership of Mike Denney, who always credited Don with getting the whole thing started.
In leading his team to the 1970 NAIA national title, when they roundly beat teams from from larger schools, he gathered around him a diverse group of student-athletes at a time when this was not the norm. A team coached by a young black man and comprised of whites, blacks and Latinos traveled to some inhospitable places where race baiting occured but he and his student-athletes never lost their cool. They let their actions speak for them.
One of the pleasures in doing this story was getting to know Don Benning, a man of high character who took me into his confidence. I shall always be grateful.
Host UNO has been a dominant fixture on the D-II wrestling scene for decades. Its No. 1-ranked team is the defending national champs and is expected to finish on top again under Mike Denney, the coach for five of UNO’s six national wrestling titles. The first came 40 years ago amid currents of change.
Every dynasty has a beginning and a narrative. UNO’s is rooted in historic firsts that intersect racial-social-political happenings. The events helped give a school with little going for it much-needed cachet and established a tradition of excellence unbroken now since the mid-1960s.
It all began with then-Omaha University president Milo Bail hiring the school’s first African-American associate professor, Don Benning. The UNO grad had competed in football and wrestling for the OU Indians and was an assistant football coach there when Bail selected him to lead the fledgling wrestling program in 1963. The hire made Benning the first black head coach of a varsity sport (in the modern era) at a predominantly white college or university in America. It was a bold move for a nondescript, white-bread, then-municipal university in a racially divided city not known for progressive stances. It was especially audacious given that Benning was but 26 and had never held a head coaching position before.
Ebony Magazine celebrated the achievement in a March 1964 spread headlined, “Coach Cracks Color Barrier.” Benning had been on the job only a year. By 1970 he led UNO to its first wrestling national title. He developed a powerful program in part by recruiting top black wrestlers. None ever had a black coach before.
Indeed, a few years after Benning’s arrival, UNO became the site of more black inroads. The first of these sawMarlin Briscoe star at quarterback there, which overturned the myth blacks could not master the cerebral position. Briscoe went on to be the first black starting QB in the NFL. Benning said he played a hand in persuading UNO football coach Al Caniglia to start Briscoe. Benning publicly supported efforts to create a black studies program at UNO at a time when black history and culture were marginalized. The campaign succeeded. UNO established one of the nation’s first departments of Black Studies. It continues today.
Once given his opportunity, Benning capitalized on it. From 1966 to 1971 his racially and ethnically diverse teams went 65-6-4 in duals, developing a reputation for taking on all comers and holding their own. Five of his wrestlers won a combined eight individual national championships. A dozen earned All-America status.
That championship season one of Benning’s two graduate assistant coaches was fellow African-American Curlee Alexander. The Omaha native was a four-time All-American and one-time national champ under Benning. He went on to be one of the winningest wrestling coaches in Nebraska prep history at Tech and North.
Bernie Hospokda, Dennis Cozad, Rich Emsick, products of south Omaha’s Eastern European enclaves.
Half the starters were recent high school grads and half nontraditional students in their 20s; some, married with kids. Everyone worked a job.
If there was one thing beyond wrestling they shared in common, said Hospodka, it was coming from hardscrabble backgrounds.
“Some of the kids came from situations where you had to be pretty tough to survive,” said Benning, who came up that way himself in a North O neighborhood where his was the only black family.
Dhafir was the team’s acknowledged leader. Mel also a standout football lineman, wasn’t far behind. Benning said Dhafir’s teammates would “follow him to the end of the Earth.” “If he said we’re all running a mile, we all ran a mile,” said Hospodka.
Having a strong black man as coach meant the world to Mel and Dhafir. “Something I always wanted to do was wrestle for a black coach. It was about time for me to wrestle for my own race,” said Mel. The brothers had seen the Ebony profile on Benning, whom they regarded as “a living legend” before they ever got to UNO. Hospodka said Benning’s race was never an issue with him or other whites on the team.
Mel and Dhafir set the unrelenting pace in the tiny, cramped wrestling room that Benning sealed to create sauna-like conditions. Practicing in rubber suits disallowed today Hospodka said a thermostat once recorded the temperature inside at 110 degrees and climbing. Guys struggled for air. The intense workouts tested physical and mental toughness. Endurance. Nobody gave an inch. Tempers flared.
Gary Kipfmiller staked out a corner no one dared invade. Except for Benning, then a rock solid 205 pounds, who made the passive Kipfmiller, tipping the scales at 350-plus, a special project. “I rode him unmercifully,” said Benning. “He’d whine like a baby and I’d go, ‘Then do something about i!.” Benning said he sometimes feared that in a fit of anger Kipfmiller would drop all his weight on him and crush him.
Washington and Hospodka went at it with ferocity. Any bad blood was left in the room.
“As we were a team on the mat, off the mat we watched out for each other. Even though we were at each other’s throats on the wrestling mat, whatever happened on the outside, we were there. If somebody needed something, we were there,” said Paul Martinez, who grew up with his brother Tony, the team’s student trainer-manager, in the South O projects. The competition and camaraderie helped heal psychological wounds Paul carried from Vietnam, where he was an Army infantry platoon leader.
An emotional Martinez told Benning at a mini-reunion in January, “You were like a platoon leader for us — you guided us and protected us. Coming from a broken family, I not only looked at you as a coach but as a father.” Benning’s eyes moistened.
Joining them there were other integral members of UNO’s 1970 NAIA championship team, including Washington and Hospodka. The squad capped a perfect 14-0 dual season by winning the tough Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference tournament in Gunnison, Colo. and the nationals in Superior, Wis. It was the first national championship won by a scholarship team at the school and the first in any major sport by a Nebraska college or university.
Another milestone was that Benning became the first black coach to win an integrated national championship in wrestling and one of the first to do so in any sport at any level. He earned NAIA national coach of the year honors in 1969.
University of Washington scholar John C. Walter devotes a chapter to Benning’s historymaker legacy in a soon-to-be-published book, Better Than the Best. Walter said Benning’s “career and situation was a unique one” The mere fact Benning got the opportunity he did, said Walter, “was extraordinary,” not to mention that the mostly white student-athletes he taught and coached accepted him without incident. Somewhere else, he said, things might have been different.
Walter said it was the coach’s discipline and determination to achieve against all odds that prepared him to succeed.
Benning’s legacy can only be fully appreciated in the context of the time and place in which he and his student-athletes competed. For example, he was set to leave his hometown after being denied a teaching post with the Omaha Public Schools, part of endemic exclusionary practices here that restricted blacks from obtaining certain jobs and living in many neighborhoods. He only stayed when Bail chose him to break the color line, though they never talked about it in those terms.
In assuming the burden of being the first, Benning took the flak that came with it.
Washington said though Benning hid what he had to contend with, some of it was blatant, such as snubs or slights on and off the mat. His white wrestlers recall many instances on the road when they or the team’s white trainer or equipment manager would be addressed as “coach” or be given the bill at a restaurant when it should have been obvious the well-dressed, no-nonsense Benning was in charge.
“He did it in a quiet way. He always thought his character and actions would speak for him. He went about his business in a dignified way,” said Hospodka.
UNO wrestlers didn’t escape ugliness. At the 1971 nationals in Boone, N.C., Washington was the object of a hate crime — an effigy hung in the stands. Its intended effect backfired. Said Washington, “That didn’t bother me. You know why? I was used to it. That just made me want to go out there more and really show ’em up.” He did, too.
At least not a black authority figure with a group of white men answering to him.
The worst scene came at the Naval Academy, where the cold reception UNO got while holed up three days there was nothing compared to the boos, hisses, catcalls and pennies hurled at them during the dual. In a wild display of unsportsmanlike conduct Benning said thousands of Midshipmen left the stands to surround the mat for the crucial final match, which Kipfmiller won by decision to give UNO a tie.
The white wrestling infrastructure also went out of its way to make Benning and his team unwelcome.
He said the committee chairman exhibited outright disdain for him. Benning believes the ’71 championship site was awarded to Boone rather than Omaha, where the nationals were a big success, as a way to put him in his place. “The committee came up with Appalachian State, which just started wrestling. I swear to this day the only reason that happened was because of me and my team,” he said.
He and his wrestlers believe officials had it in for them. “There was one national tournament where there’s no question we just flat out got cheated,” said Benning. “It was criminal. I’m talking about the difference between winning the whole thing and second.” Refs’ judgements at the ’69 tourney in Omaha cost UNO vital points. “It was really hard to take,” said Benning. UNO had three individual champs to zero for Adams State, but came up short, 98-84. One or two disputed calls swung the balance.
Despite all the obstacles, Benning and his “kids” succeeded in putting UNO on the map. The small, white institution best known for its Bootstrapper program went from obscurity to prominence by making athletics the vehicle for social action. In a decade defined by what Benning termed “a social revolution,” the placid campus was the last place to expect a historic color line being broken.
The UNO program came of age with its dynamic black coach and mixed team when African-American unrest flared into riots across the country, including Omaha. A north side riot occurred that championship season. UNO’s black wrestlers, who could not find accommodations near the UNO campus, lived in the epicenter of the storm. Black Panthers were neighbors. Mel Washington, his brother Dhafir and other teammates watched North 24th St. burn. Though sympathetic to the outrage, they navigated a delicate line to steer clear of trouble but still prove their blackness.
A uniformed police cadet then, Washington said he was threatened once by the Panthers, who called him “a pig” and set off a cherry bomb outside the apartment he shared with his wife and daughter.
Benning, too, found himself walking a tightrope of “too black or not black enough.” After black U.S. Olympians raised gloved fists in protest of the national anthem, UNO’s black wrestlers wanted to follow suit. Benning considered it, but balked. In ’69 Roy Washington converted to Islam. He told Benning his allegiance to Black Muslim leader Honorable Elijah Muhammad superseded any team allegiance. Benning released him from the squad. Roy’s brother Mel earlier rejected the separatist dogma the Black Muslims preached. Their differences caused no riff.
Dhafir (Roy) rejoined the team in December after agreeing to abide by the rules. He won the 150-pound title en route to UNO capturing the team title over Adams, 86-58. Hospodka said Dharfir still expressed his beliefs, but with “no animosity, just pride that black-is-beautiful. Dharfir’s finals opponent, James Tannehill, was a black man married to a white woman. Hospodka said it was all the reason Dharfir needed to tell Tannehill, “God told me to punish you.” He delivered good on his vow.
It was also an era when UNO carried the “West Dodge High” label. Its academic and athletic facilities left much to be desired. “The university didn’t have that many things to feel proud of,” said Benning. Wrestling’s success lifted a campus suffering an inferiority complex to the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Wrestling was one area where UNO could best NU, whose NCAA wrestling program paled by comparison.
Benning said, “It was more important we had the best wrestling team in the state than winning the national championship. Everybody took pride in being No. 1.” Anderson said small schools like UNO “could compete more evenly” then with big schools in non-revenue producing sports like wrestling, which weren’t fully funded. He said as UNO “wrestled and defeated ‘name’ schools it added luster to the team’s mystique.
NU was among the NCAA schools UNO beat during Benning’s tenure, along with Wyoming, Arizona, Wisconsin, Kansas and Cornell. UNO tied a strong Navy team at the Naval Academy in what Hospodka called “the most hostile environment I ever wrestled in.” UNO crowned the most champions at the Iowa Invitational, where if team points had been kept UNO would have outdistanced the big school field.
“We didn’t care who you were — if you were Division I or NAIA or NCAA, it just didn’t matter to us,” said Hospodka, who pinned his way to the 190-pound title in 1970. The confidence to go head-to-head with anybody was something Benning looked for in his wrestlers and constantly reinforced.
The sport’s bible, Amateur Wrestling News, proclaimed UNO one of the best teams in the nation, regardless of division. UNO’s five-years of dominance, resulting in one national championship, two runner-up finishes, a third-place finish and an eighth place showing, regularly made the front page of the Omaha World-Herald sports section.
The grapplers also wrestled with an aggression and a flair that made for crowd-pleasing action. Benning said his guys were “exceptional on their feet and exceptional pinners.” It wasn’t unusual for UNO to record four or five falls per dual. Washington said it was UNO’s version of “showtime.” He and his teammates competed against each other for the most stylish or quickest pin.
Hospodka said “the bitter disappointment” of the team title being snatched away in ’69 fueled UNO’s championship run the next season, when UNO won its 14 duals by an average score of 32-6. It works out to taking 8 of every 10 matches. UNO posted three shut outs and allowed single digits in seven other duals. No one scored more than 14 points on them all year. The team won every tournament it competed in.
Muhammad won his third individual national title and Hospodka his only one. Five Mavs earned All-America status.
This band of brothers is well represented in the Maverick Wrestling and UNO Halls of Fame. The championship team was inducted by UNO and by the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference. Benning, Mel Washington, Dhafir Muhammad and Curlee Alexander are in the Nebraska Black Sports Hall of Fame. But when UNO went from NAIA to NCAA Division II in ’73 it seemed the athletic department didn’t value the past. Tony Martinez said he rescued the team’s numerous plaques and trophies from a campus dumpster. Years later he reluctantly returned them to the school, where some can be viewed in the Sapp Fieldhouse lobby.
UNO’s current Hall of Fame coach, Mike Denney, knows the program owes much to what Benning and his wrestlers did. The two go way back.
Benning left coaching in ’71 for an educational administration career with OPS. Mike Palmisano inherited the program for eight years, but it regressed. | 2019-04-22T22:00:16Z | https://leoadambiga.com/2011/03/17/uno-wrestling-dynasty-built-on-a-tide-of-social-change-2/ |
Methods of forming NERS-active structures are disclosed that include ordered arrays of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles covered with an outer shell may be arranged in an ordered array on a substrate using Langmuir-Blodgett techniques. A portion of the outer shell may be removed, and the exposed nanoparticles may be used in a system to perform nanoenhanced Raman spectroscopy. An ordered array of nanoparticles may be used as a mask for forming islands of NERS-active material on a substrate. NERS-active structures and an NERS system that includes an NERS-active structure are also disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for performing NERS with NERS-active structures.
The invention relates to nanoenhanced Raman scattering (NERS). More particularly, the invention relates to NERS-active structures, including features having nanoscale dimensions, methods for forming NERS-active structures, and methods for performing NERS using NERS-active structures.
Raman spectroscopy is a well-known technique for performing chemical analysis. In conventional Raman spectroscopy, high intensity monochromatic light provided by a light source, such as a laser, is directed onto an analyte (or sample) that is to be chemically analyzed. A majority of the incident photons are elastically scattered by the analyte molecule. In other words, the scattered photons have the same energy, and thus the same frequency, as the photons that were incident on the analyte. However, a small fraction of the photons (i.e., about 1 in 107 photons) are inelastically scattered by the analyte molecules. These inelastically scattered photons have a different frequency than the incident photons. This inelastic scattering of photons is termed the “Raman effect.” The inelastically scattered photons may have frequencies greater than or, more typically, less than the frequency of the incident photons.
The Stokes and the anti-Stokes radiation is detected by a detector, such as a photomultiplier or a wavelength-dispersive spectrometer, which coverts the energy of the impinging photons into an electrical signal. The characteristics of the electrical signal are at least partially a function of the energy (or wavelength, frequency, wave number, etc.) of the impinging photons and the number of the impinging photons (intensity). The electrical signal generated by the detector can be used to produce a spectral graph of intensity as a function of frequency for the detected Raman signal (i.e., the Stokes and anti-Stokes radiation). A unique Raman spectrum corresponding to the particular analyte may be obtained by plotting the intensity of the inelastically scattered Raman photons against the frequency thereof. This unique Raman spectrum may be used for many purposes such as identifying an analyte, identifying chemical states or bonding of atoms and molecules in the analyte, and determining physical and chemical properties of the analyte. Raman spectroscopy may be used to analyze a single molecular species or mixtures of different molecular species. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy may be performed on a number of different types of molecular configurations, such as organic and inorganic molecules in either crystalline or amorphous states.
Molecular Raman scattering of photons is a weak process. As a result, powerful, costly laser sources typically are used to generate high intensity excitation radiation to increase the otherwise weak Raman signal for detection. Nanoenhanced Raman scattering (NERS) is a technique that allows for generation of a stronger Raman signal from an analyte relative to conventional Raman spectroscopy. In NERS, the analyte molecules are adsorbed onto, or placed adjacent to, an active metal surface or structure (an “NERS-active structure”). The interactions between the molecules and the active structure cause an increase in the strength of the Raman signal. The mechanism of Raman signal enhancement exhibited in NERS is not completely understood. Two main theories of enhancement mechanisms have been presented in the literature: electromagnetic enhancement and chemical (or “first layer”) enhancement. (For further discussion of these surface enhancement mechanism theories, see A. M. Michaels, M. Nirmal, & L. E. Brus, “Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Individual Rhodamine 6G Molecules on Large Ag Nanocrystals,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121, 9932-39 (1999)).
Several NERS-active structures have been employed in NERS techniques, including activated electrodes in electrolytic cells, activated metal colloid solutions, and activated metal substrates such as a roughened metal surface or metal “islands” formed on a substrate. For example, it has been shown that adsorbing analyte molecules onto or near a specially roughened metal surface made from gold or silver may enhance the effective Raman scattering intensity by factors of between 103 and 106 when averaged over the illuminated area of the sample.
Recently, NERS has been performed employing randomly oriented nanostructures, such as nanometer scale needles, particles, and wires, as opposed to a simple roughened metallic surface. The intensity of the Raman scattered photons from a molecule adsorbed on such a nanostructure may be increased by factors as high as 1014. Thus, the intensity of Raman scattered photons could be increased over what is obtained presently if there was a method for forming NERS-active structures that included nanoscale features having well controlled size, shape, location, and orientation. Also, the inability to produce such NERS-active structures is impeding research directed to completely understanding the enhancement mechanisms and, therefore, the ability to optimize the enhancement effect. In addition, NERS-active structures require significant time and money to fabricate. If these problems can be overcome, the performance of nanoscale electronics, optoelectronics, and molecular sensors may be significantly improved.
Accordingly, there is a need for NERS-active structures that include nanoscale features having well controlled size, shape, location, and orientation, and methods for their manufacture. In addition, there is a need for methods for producing high quantities of such NERS-active structures at relatively low cost.
The present invention, in a number of embodiments, includes NERS-active structures, including features having nanoscale dimensions, methods for forming NERS-active structures, and methods for performing NERS using NERS-active structures.
An NERS-active structure is disclosed that includes a substrate, a two-dimensional array of nanoparticles usable for enhancing Raman scattered radiation in NERS, the two-dimensional array of nanoparticles affixed to the substrate, and an outer shell partially coating at least some nanoparticles of the two-dimensional array of nanoparticles.
An NERS system is disclosed that includes an NERS-active structure, a light source configured to irradiate light onto the NERS-active structure, and a detector configured to receive Raman-scattered light scattered by an analyte when the analyte is located adjacent the NERS-active structure. The NERS-active structure includes a substrate, a two-dimensional array of nanoparticles usable for enhancing Raman scattered radiation in NERS affixed to the substrate, and an outer shell partially coating at least some nanoparticles of the two-dimensional array of nanoparticles.
A method for performing NERS is disclosed that includes the steps of providing an NERS-active structure, placing an analyte adjacent the NERS-active structure, irradiating the analyte and the NERS-active structure with excitation radiation, and detecting Raman scattered radiation scattered by the analyte. The NERS-active structure includes a substrate, a two-dimensional array of nanoparticles usable for enhancing Raman scattered radiation in NERS affixed to the substrate, and an outer shell partially coating at least some nanoparticles of the two-dimensional array of nanoparticles.
Also disclosed is a method for forming an NERS-active structure. The method includes: providing a plurality of nanoparticles; coating each nanoparticle in the mixture of nanoparticles with an outer shell; forming a monolayer of the nanoparticles on a liquid surface; passing a substrate through the monolayer of nanoparticles on the liquid surface to transfer the monolayer of nanoparticles to a surface of the substrate; attaching the monolayer of nanoparticles to the surface of the substrate; and removing a portion of the outer shell from at least some nanoparticles of the monolayer of nanoparticles.
Another method for forming an NERS-active structure includes: providing a substrate having a surface; forming a hexagonally-packed monolayer of nanoparticles on the surface of the substrate, the hexagonally-packed monolayer of nanoparticles having openings between the nanoparticles; depositing an NERS-active material on the surface of the substrate in the openings between the nanoparticles to form islands of NERS-active material on the surface of the substrate; and removing the hexagonally-packed monolayer of nanoparticles.
The features, advantages, and alternative aspects of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from a consideration of the following detailed description taken in combination with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary system for performing nanoenhanced Raman spectroscopy using the NERS-active structures of FIGS. 1, 2, 5, 8, 9, 12, and 13.
The present invention, in a number of embodiments, includes NERS-active structures including an ordered array of features having nanoscale dimensions, methods for forming NERS-active structures, NERS systems including NERS-active structures, and methods for performing NERS using such systems.
The methods disclosed herein are drawn to the fabrication of NERS-active structures, including nanoscale features, in an ordered array having well controlled size and spacing, which allows for improved enhancement of the Raman-scattered signal intensity.
The term “NERS-active structure” as used herein means a structure that is capable of increasing the number of Raman-scattered photons that are scattered by a molecule when the molecule is located adjacent to the structure, and the molecule and structure are subjected to electromagnetic radiation.
The term “NERS-active material” as used herein means a material that, when formed into appropriate geometries or configurations, is capable of increasing the number of Raman-scattered photons that are scattered by a molecule when the molecule is located adjacent the material, and the molecule and material are subjected to electromagnetic radiation. NERS-active materials can be used to form an NERS-active structure.
The term “nanoparticle” as used herein means a particle having cross-sectional dimensions of less than about 100 nanometers.
The term “analyte molecule” as used herein means a molecule upon which it is desired to perform NERS.
The term “ligand” as used herein means an atom, molecule, ion or functional group capable of attaching to one or more nanoparticles or a substrate.
It should be understood that the illustrations presented herein are not meant to be actual views of any particular NERS-active structure, but are merely idealized representations which are employed to describe the present invention. Additionally, for ease of discussion, elements common to FIGS. 1 through 14 retain the same numerical designation.
An exemplary embodiment of an NERS-active structure according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. An NERS-active structure 100 includes a two-dimensional array of nanoparticles 120 disposed on a surface of a substrate 110. The nanoparticles 120 may have a generally spherical shape and a diameter of less than about 100 nanometers. More particularly, the nanoparticles 120 may have a diameter in a range from about 2 nanometers to about 20 nanometers.
The nanoparticles 120 may be formed from, for example, gold, silver, copper, platinum, palladium, aluminum, or any other NERS-active material. The substrate 110 of the NERS-active structure 100 may be formed from, for example, plastic, silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, alumina, zirconia, tin oxide, or metal. Any suitable substrate material may be used, as long as the material does not fluoresce at the wavelength emitted by an excitation wavelength source employed in an NERS system. The nanoparticles 120 are affixed to the substrate 110 by a bonding material 130, such as a UV-curable polymer. Alternatively, the nanoparticles 120 may be embedded in the surface of the substrate 110, as shown in FIG. 5 and discussed herein below.
Nanoparticles 120 in the two-dimensional array of nanoparticles may be separated from adjacent nanoparticles 120 in the two-dimensional array by a distance X at their minimum spacing, that is, along a straight line passing through the centers of the adjacent nanoparticles 120. The distance X between adjacent nanoparticles 120 in the two-dimensional array of nanoparticles may be in a range from about 1 to about 100 nanometers. More particularly, the distance X may be in a range from about 1 to about 50 nanometers or alternatively in a range from about 0.5 to about 5 nanometers.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the NERS-active structure 100 taken along section line 2-2 in FIG. 1. As seen in FIG. 2, portions of the nanoparticles 120 of the two-dimensional array of nanoparticles are coated with an outer shell 140. The outer shell 140 covers less than the entire surface area of each nanoparticle 120 such that the outer shell 140 covers approximately the lower surface area of each of the nanoparticles 120, leaving an exposed surface 150 of the nanoparticles 120. The outer shell 140 has a thickness T representing about half of the distance X between adjacent nanoparticles 120.
As seen in FIG. 2, the two-dimensional array of nanoparticles 120 of NERS-active structure 100 form a compact, ordered monolayer of nanoparticles on the surface of substrate 110.
FIGS. 3-5 illustrate an exemplary method for forming an NERS-active structure that incorporates teachings of the present invention. The method includes use of Langmuir-Blodgett type techniques to form the monolayer of nanoparticles 120 on the surface of the substrate 110.
Commercially available preformed NERS-active metallic nanoparticles 120 may be provided and coated with an outer shell 140. The outer shell 140 may comprise organic ligands capable of attaching to the nanoparticles 120. Examples of organic ligands that will attach to the nanoparticles 120 include alkane thiol HS(CH2)n chains with sulfur groups on one end), fluorophores, phosphate surfactants, and dendrimers. The outer shell has a thickness T equal to the length of the organic ligands, possibly modified by any deformation of the organic ligands. The length of the ligands thus determines the spacing between the nanoparticles 120. The distance X, as shown in FIG. 1, is twice the length of the organic ligands. The separation between adjacent nanoparticles 120 therefore may be controlled by providing organic ligands of the desired length. The separation between adjacent nanoparticles 120 may be such that the analyte molecule to be analyzed with the NERS-active structure 100 is capable of draping between two adjacent nanoparticles 120, part of the molecule being adsorbed on a first nanoparticle and another part of the molecule being adsorbed on a second, adjacent nanoparticle.
Alternatively, the outer shell 140 may comprise a sacrificial material surrounding the nanoparticles 120, such as an oxide or a sulfide. The thickness T of the outer shell 140 is selected to be half of the desired separation (i.e., the distance X) between adjacent nanoparticles 120. The distance X may be selected to correspond to the size of a particular analyte molecule to be analyzed with the NERS-active structure 100, such that the molecule is capable of being adsorbed between the nanoparticles 120. In yet another alternative, the outer shell 140 of at least some of the nanoparticles 120 may comprise a polymerizable or cross-linkable material.
The nanoparticles 120 may be formed into a compact, ordered array by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film deposition techniques or any suitable self-assembly technique. LB film deposition conventionally involves the process of creating (synthesizing) a monolayer of, for example, a molecular species or nanoparticles, on the surface of water or other suitable liquid. The monolayer may then be transferred to the surface of a substrate 110 by pulling the substrate from the monolayer-covered liquid. In the present case, this technique produces a substantially uniform monolayer of the nanoparticles 120 coated with the organic ligands 140 on the substrate 110, as seen in FIG. 3.
The substrate 110 shown in FIG. 4 may comprise a material, such as a plastic, that will soften when heated. The melting temperature of the substrate 110 is lower than the melting temperature of the nanoparticles 120 and the outer shell 140. The substrate 110 may be heated and softened, causing the nanoparticles 120 encased in the outer shell 140 to become embedded in the material of the substrate 110. The nanoparticles 120 are, thus, secured to the substrate 110.
At least a portion of the outer shell 140 may then be removed by suitable chemical and/or mechanical techniques, for example, chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) or reactive ion etching (RIE), until the nanoparticles 120 are exposed, as shown in FIG. 5. A fraction of the nanoparticle 120 may be removed. The exposed surface 150 of the nanoparticles 120 provides an NERS-active structure 101.
Alternatively, nanoparticles 120 having an outer shell 140 of a polymerizable or cross-linkable material may be secured to the substrate 110 by curing the polymerizable or cross-linkable material, for example by exposing the polymerizable or cross-linkable material to ultraviolet radiation. The monolayer of nanoparticles 120 may include some nanoparticles 120 having an outer shell 140 of a polymerizable or cross-linkable material and some additional nanoparticles 120 having an outer shell 140 of an alternative material. The polymerizable or cross-linkable material may secure the entire monolayer of nanoparticles 120 to the substrate 110, as nanoparticles 120 adjacent to the polymerizable material-covered nanoparticles 120 are likewise adhered.
Another exemplary method for forming an NERS-active structure according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 6-7. A substrate 110 is provided, and covered with a polymerizable or cross-linkable material 130. The nanoparticles 120 may be coated with an outer shell 140 comprising organic ligands or a sacrificial material, and formed into a compact, ordered array by LB film deposition techniques. The monolayer may be transferred to the surface of the polymerizable or cross-linkable material 130 on the substrate 110 by pulling the substrate 110 covered with the polymerizable or cross-linkable material 130 from a monolayer-covered liquid. The nanoparticles 120, each encased in the outer shell 140, may be secured to the substrate 110 by curing the polymerizable or cross-linkable material 130, for example by exposing the polymerizable or cross-linkable material 130 to ultraviolet radiation.
At least a portion of the outer shell 140 may then be removed by suitable chemical and/or mechanical techniques. Exposing the nanoparticles 120 forms the NERS-active structure 100, shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
Another exemplary embodiment of an NERS-active structure according to the invention is shown in FIG. 8. An NERS-active structure 102 includes a two-dimensional array of nanoparticles 120, 125 disposed on a surface of a substrate 110. A first plurality of the nanoparticles comprises active nanoparticles 120. A second plurality of the nanoparticles comprises inactive nanoparticles 125. The active nanoparticles 120 may be formed from, for example, gold, silver, copper, platinum, palladium, aluminum or any other NERS-active material. The inactive nanoparticles 125 may be formed from, for example, a dielectric such as silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3), cobalt, or any other material that either does not exhibit a plasmon frequency, or that exhibits a plasmon frequency differing from the plasmon frequency exhibited by the active nanoparticles 120, such that isolated surface plasmon modes may exist in the regions of the active nanoparticles 120 without generating surface plasmon modes in the regions of the inactive nanoparticles 125. The plasmon resonance can easily be observed in nanoparticles. In particular, the electric dipole response has been well studied. Dielectric particles are inactive because they do not have the plasmon resonance and accompanying strong increase in a local electric field necessary for the observation of the NERS. Cobalt particles will likely oxidize and form CoO oxide shells or oxidize completely. This will make them inactive, shifting the resonance away from that in NERS active particles.
The active nanoparticles 120 and the inactive nanoparticles 125 may be coated with an outer shell 140 comprising organic ligands or a sacrificial material, and formed into an ordered array on the substrate 110 by LB film deposition techniques. Optionally, the substrate may be covered with a polymerizable or cross-linkable material (not shown). The active nanoparticles 120 and the inactive nanoparticles 125 may be secured to the substrate by heating, or by curing the polymerizable or cross-linkable material. Portions of the outer shell 140 may be removed, exposing the active nanoparticles 120 and the inactive nanoparticles 125, and forming the NERS-active structure 102.
Still another exemplary method for making an NERS-active structure is illustrated in FIGS. 10-11. To produce the NERS-active structure, a substrate 210 may be provided. A partial section of the substrate 210 is shown in FIG. 10. A hexagonally closed packed assembly of nanoparticles 220 may be formed on a surface of the substrate 210 by any suitable method, for example, by LB film deposition techniques or by any suitable self-assembly technique. The assembly of nanoparticles 220 may be used as a shadow mask for deposition, forming nanoscale features. Openings 230 between the nanoparticles 220 provide access to the surface of the substrate 210, on which the nanoscale features may be formed.
As shown in FIG. 11, a material 240 of the feature to be formed, such as an NERS-active material, may be applied to the substrate 210 through the openings 230 by a conventional deposition technique including, but not limited to, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), sputtering, or evaporation. The currently preferred method of deposition is a line-of-sight, non-conformal deposition. A non-conformal deposition technique deposits more material on horizontal surfaces, in this case the substrate 210, than on side or curved surfaces, in this case the nanoparticles 220. A portion of the material 240 may be deposited on the nanoparticles 220; however, this portion of the material 240 is not shown in FIG. 11 for clarity.
The nanoparticles 220 are removed, along with any material 240 deposited on the nanoparticles 220, leaving features 250 on the substrate 210, forming the NERS-active structure 103 of FIG. 12. The nanoparticles may be loosely adhered to the substrate 210, and may be washed off the substrate 210. Optionally, if the nanoparticles 220 are firmly adhered to the substrate 210, a highly selective chemical etch may be used to remove the nanoparticles 220.
The center-to-center spacing S of the features 250 is determined by the diameter d of the nanoparticles 220. Referring to FIG. 10, the center of the feature 250 will be the point equidistant from the centers of the three surrounding nanoparticles 220. The spacing S will be 2*d/(2*√3). In other words, S=d/√3, or approximately d/1.732. In one exemplary embodiment, for a feature spacing S of three nanometers, nanoparticles having a diameter d of approximately five nanometers will be used.
The features 250 of FIG. 12 may also be employed as nuclei for further growth. The features grown may have an increased size and a decreased distance of separation, from outer perimeter to outer perimeter. The features 250 may optionally be etched, creating features of a decreased size and an increased distance of perimeter-to-perimeter spacing.
Yet another embodiment of an NERS-active structure 104 is shown in FIG. 13. The features 250 of FIG. 12 form the cores of an assembly of core-shell nanostructures 270. A shell 260 may surround each feature 250. One exemplary embodiment of a core-shell nanostructure is a core 250 of platinum and a shell 260 of cobalt. The NERS-active structure 104 may be used in an NERS system to enhance the Raman signal of an analyte.
An exemplary NERS system 160 according to the invention is illustrated schematically in FIG. 14. The system 160 may include one of the exemplary NERS-active structures 100, 101, 102, 103, and 104, and may be used to perform nanonhanced Raman spectroscopy. The NERS system 160 may include a sample or analyte stage 161, an excitation radiation source 162, and a detector 164. The analyte stage 161 may include one of the NERS-active structures 100, 101, 102, 103, and 104 (FIGS. 1-2, 5, 9, 12 and 13). The NERS system 160 also may include various optical components 163 positioned between the excitation radiation source 162 and the analyte stage 161, and various optical components 165 positioned between the analyte stage 161 and the detector 164.
The excitation radiation source 162 may include any suitable source for emitting radiation at the desired wavelength, and may be capable of emitting a tunable wavelength of radiation. For example, commercially available semiconductor lasers, helium-neon lasers, carbon dioxide lasers, light emitting diodes, incandescent lamps, and many other known radiation-emitting sources may be used as the excitation radiation source 162. The wavelengths that are emitted by the excitation radiation source 162 may be any suitable wavelength for analyzing the analyte using NERS. An exemplary range of wavelengths that may be emitted by the excitation radiation source 162 includes wavelengths between about 350 nm and about 1000 nm.
The excitation radiation emitted by the source 162 may be delivered either directly from the source 162 to the analyte stage 161 and the NERS-active structure 100, 101, 102, 103, 104. Alternatively, collimation, filtration, and subsequent focusing of the excitation radiation may be performed by optical components 163 before the excitation radiation impinges on the analyte stage 161 and the NERS-active structure 100, 101, 102, 103, 104.
The NERS-active structure 100, 101, 102, 103, 104 of the analyte stage 161 may enhance the Raman signal of the analyte, as discussed previously herein. In other words, irradiation of the NERS-active structure 100, 101, 102, 103, 104 by excitation radiation may increase the number photons inelastically scattered by an analyte molecule positioned near or adjacent to the NERS-active structure 100, 101, 102, 103, 104.
The Raman scattered photons may be collimated, filtered, or focused with optical components 165. For example, a filter or a plurality of filters may be employed, either as part of the structure of the detector 164, or as a separate unit that is configured to filter the wavelength of the excitation radiation, thus allowing only the Raman scattered photons to be received by the detector 164.
The detector 164 receives and detects the Raman scattered photons and may include a monochromator (or any other suitable device for determining the wavelength of the Raman scattered photons) and a device such as, for example, a photomultiplier for determining the quantity of Raman scattered photons (intensity).
Ideally, the Raman scattered photons are scattered isotropically, being scattered in all directions relative to the analyte stage 161. Thus, the position of the detector 164 relative to the analyte stage 161 is not particularly important. However, the detector 164 may be positioned at, for example, an angle of 90° relative to the direction of the incident excitation radiation to minimize the intensity of the incident excitation radiation that may be incident on the detector 164.
To perform NERS using the system 160, a user may provide an analyte molecule or molecules adjacent to the nanoscale components of the NERS-active structure 100, 101, 102, 103, 104. The analyte and the NERS-active structure 100, 101, 102, 103, 104 are irradiated with excitation radiation or light from the source 162. Raman scattered photons scattered by the analyte are then detected by the detector 164.
The structures and systems disclosed herein may also be used to perform enhanced hyper-Raman spectroscopy. When excitation radiation impinges on an analyte molecule, a very small number of photons may be scattered at frequencies corresponding to the higher order harmonics of the excitation radiation, such as the second and third harmonics (i.e., twice or three times the frequency of the excitation radiation). Some of these photons may have a frequency that is Raman-shifted relative to the frequencies corresponding to the higher order harmonics of the excitation radiation. These higher order Raman-scattered photons can provide information about the analyte molecule that cannot be obtained by first order Raman spectroscopy. Hyper-Raman spectroscopy involves the collection and analysis of these higher order Raman-scattered photons.
The methods disclosed herein allow for the reproducible formation of NERS-active structures, including nanoscale features having well controlled size, shape, location, and orientation. These structures allow for improved nanoenhanced Raman spectroscopy and may be used to produce molecular sensors having superior sensitivity relative to conventional NERS-active structures. The performance of nanoscale electronics, optoelectronics, molecular sensors, and other devices employing the Raman effect may be significantly improved by using the NERS-active structures disclosed herein. In addition, the methods disclosed herein allow for production of high quantities of NERS-active structures/materials at relatively low cost.
Although the foregoing description contains many specifics, these are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, but merely as providing certain exemplary embodiments. Similarly, other embodiments of the invention may be devised which do not depart from the spirit or scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated and limited only by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by the foregoing description. All additions, deletions, and modifications to the invention, as disclosed herein, which fall within the meaning and scope of the claims, are encompassed by the present invention.
an outer shell partially coating at least some nanoparticles of the two-dimensional array of nanoparticles, wherein each coated nanoparticle of the two-dimensional array of nanoparticles is separated from adjacent nanoparticles by a predetermined distance.
2. The NERS-active structure of claim 1, further comprising a bonding material between the substrate and the two-dimensional array of nanoparticles.
3. The NERS-active structure of claim 2 wherein the bonding material comprises a UV-curable polymer.
4. The NERS-active structure of claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional array of nanoparticles is embedded in the substrate.
5. The NERS-active structure of claim 4, wherein the substrate comprises plastic.
6. The NERS-active structure of claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional array of nanoparticles includes a plurality of active nanoparticles and a plurality of inactive nanoparticles, the plurality of inactive nanoparticles exhibiting a plasmon frequency differing from the plasmon frequency exhibited by the plurality of active nanoparticles.
7. The NERS-active structure of claim 1, wherein the outer shell comprises organic ligands.
8. The NERS-active structure of claim 1, wherein the outer shell comprises a sacrificial material.
9. The NERS-active structure of claim 8, wherein the sacrificial material comprises one of an oxide and a sulfide.
10. The NERS-active structure of claim 1, wherein the outer shell comprises organic ligands having a length, and the predetermined distance is substantially equal to twice the length of the organic ligands.
11. The NERS-active structure of claim 1, wherein the outer shell comprises a sacrificial material having a thickness, and the predetermined distance is substantially equal to twice the thickness of the sacrificial material.
an analyte molecule adsorbed between two nanoparticles of the two-dimensional array of nanoparticles.
13. The NERS-active structure of claim 1, wherein each nanoparticle of the two-dimensional array of nanoparticles has a generally spherical shape and an average diameter of less than about 100 nm.
14. The NERS-active structure of claim 1, wherein each nanoparticle of the two-dimensional array of nanoparticles has an average diameter within a range from about 1 nanometer to about 25 nanometers.
15. The NERS-active structure of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises one of plastic, silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, alumina, zirconia, tin oxide, and metal.
16. The NERS-active structure of claim 1, wherein at least some nanoparticles of the two-dimensional array of nanoparticles comprise one or more of gold, silver, copper, platinum, palladium, and aluminum.
a detector configured to receive Raman-scattered light scattered by an analyte located adjacent the NERS-active structure.
detecting Raman scattered radiation scattered by the analyte.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein the step of detecting comprises detecting Raman scattered radiation scattered by a single molecule.
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A business application can spare a great deal of dialog, besides devoting the self confidence that is essential to snare that hotshot. A well-constructed business program can be useful for unique things besides raising money. There are three types for example tactical functional and strategic planning. A form of planning, called contingency preparation, is an alternate plan of activity, that can be implemented if and once a first plan fails to create exactly the final result that is anticipated. Production planning is a key to success of any sort of company and corporation. Recruitment plan Recruitment program is quite critical for the business to reach a height that is fantastic .
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Gold has been trading upwards. The price tested the level of $1,203.41. In the daily time frame, we can observe a strong bullish bar in a volume below the average. We got absorption volume near the price of $1,175.009 and that reaction caused the price to start moving upwards. Since our strong support around the price of $1,175.00 held successfully, selling gold looks risky. Major resistance is at the price of $1,225.00. The short-term trend has changed from neutral to bullish.
Trading recommendations: Absorption volume in the background. Selling gold looks risky. Watch for potential buying opportunities on the dips.
However, a bullish corrective movement towards 1.1500 and 1.1600 is being executed if May's monthly high (1.1465) gets breached as soon as possible.
Last week, a bearish pullback took place towards 1.0800 -1.0830 where a recent ascending bottom and a bullish breakout pattern were established on the H4 chart.
Bullish persistence above 1.1150-1.1190 allowed the market to move towards the level of 1.1390 (Fibonacci Expansion 100%) where significant bearish rejection was previously expressed.
That is why, another bearish pullback took place towards 1.1150 (daily demand) where the ongoing bullish swing was initiated on Friday.
The next destination for the EUR/USD pair is located around 1.1550 (141.4% FE) provided that EUR/USD bulls keep trading above the price zone of 1.1380-1.1400 (100% FE).
Recently, EUR/NZD is moving upwards. As we expected, the price tested the level of 1.6508 in an volume above the average. In the daily time frame, we can observe a bullish bar in a volume just above the average. Our trading range between the levels of 1.6150 and 1.5590 was broken and we may expect the price to move higher. We can observe successful re-accumulation in the background, so watch for potential buying opportunities on dips. I had placed Fibonacci retracement to find potential support levels. I got Fibonacci retracement 38.2% at the level of 1.6320, Fibonacci retracement 50% at the level of 1.6340, and Fibonacci retracement 61.8% at the level of 1.6300. The short-term trend is bullish. Since our objective point at the level of 1.6450 has been met, next objective point is around 1.7000.
Trading recommendations: We can observe the bullish market. Selling looks risky. Re-accumulation is in the background, so watch for buying opportunities on dips.
On the other hand, the current weekly candle closure should be monitored to determine if the depicted weekly uptrend would get broken-down during the current bearish momentum.
Recently, higher bottoms were established around the levels of 1.5200. This initiated the current bullish swing towards the level of 1.5800.
The resistance level at 1.5800 was breached by the ongoing strong bullish momentum. Hence, GBP/USD bulls pursue towards 100% Fibonacci Expansion located around 1.5900.
In the H1 chart, the NZD/USD pair has still call for the strong bearish market between the levels of 0.7056 and 0.7013. Additionally, it should be noted that the minor support is going to set at the level of 0.6921. Moreover, the level of 0.6962 represents the daily pivot point on June 18, 2015. Equally important, the resistance will be set at 0.7056 and the double top is set at the same price too. Therefore, sell 0.7056 with the first target at 0.8525 in order to test the daily pivot point (0.6962); then it will be gone towards 0.6921 (the daily support 1). If the market is able to break the minor support at the level of 0.6921; hence it will call for the bearish market below 0.6921 again in order to test the double bottom at 0.6879. At the same time, if the trend fails to close below the double bottom, above 0.6879 with a target at 0.7050 this week.
The strong support is seen at the level of 1.5835 today. Moreover, the resistance has already set at 1.6079 in the H1 chart. So, we expect a range about 244 pips until the end of Friday's session. According to the previous events, the GBP/USD pair is still moving between 1.5835 and 1.6015. It should be noted that the key level is set at the level of 1.5920. Equally important, the double bottom will be formed at the level of 1.5835. As it is known, history will probably repeat itself at this level again. It will be a good sign to buy above the area of 1.5835 with the first target at 1.6015 to test the minor resistance. It will call for uptrend in order to continue its bullish movement towards 1.6079 (strong resistance).
On the other hand, the stop loss should never exceed your maximum exposure amounts; the stop loss should be placed below 1.5835 at the level of 0.5905. Observations: · The pair still calls for a strong bullish market from the spot of 1.5835. · The resistance had already set at the level of 1.6079.
Currently, AUD/JPY is still trending up as no lower lows have been confirmed. The pair has been ranging since it reached a high of 97.26 on May 14. The sideways corridor boundaries are between 95.00 and 97.00.
The Fibonacci, applied to the upper trendline breakout point showed a clear rejection of the 38.2% support level S2 (94.46) that was followed by rejection of the 50% support level S1 (94.99). At the same time, the pair rejected the lower uptrend trendline which looks like a confirmation of the rate to move higher.
While the pair is trading between R1 (95.52) and S1 (94.99), consider buying on pullbacks, targeting the area aroubd 97.00, where the double top is spotted and which is a psychological resistance. A break below S2 could only extend the consolidation but should not reverse the trend down.
The US Dollar Index was rejected in the resistance area yesterday and fell towards new lows. Comments of J.Yellen after the FOMC meating weakened the US dollar and this was a bearish signal implying that we could see a deeper correction of the greenback over the coming weeks.
The US Dollar Index reached the Ichimoku cloud and got rejected. The price continues to be in a bearish trend as long as it is below the Ichimoku cloud. We continue to see lower lows and lower highs. Next important support is at 93.10. Unless bulls manage to reverse the US Dollar Index above 95.20, we should expect more selling pressures to come over the coming weeks.
The weekly chart has become even more bearish with the price trading below the kijun-sen support and heading towards a low of 93.10. A breakout below that level will increase chances of a deeper correction towards the cloud support and 50% retracement at 90.
Gold price had some increased volatility yesterday after the FOMC meeting. However, gold continues to trade within a trading range. The price managed to hold and test support at $1,175. It bounced towards the short-term resistance of $1,185-90. The short-term trend remains neutral.
Gold price found the short-term support at $1,175 and resistance at $1,190. The next resistance is seen at $1,200 and the next support is expected at $1,160. The trend is mainly sideways, so there is no clear direction for the short term. The charts are neither bearish nor bullish. So, short-term traders should be very cautious.
The weekly chart remains bearish. The price is still below the tenkan-sen indicator at $1,200. At the same time, it is above the long-term critical support at $1,155. If it gets broken, we should expect a push lower towards $1,000.
Gold has bounced off sharply after testing yesterday's low of $1,175.00 and is trading around the level of $1,188.00 at the moment. It seems that the metal has formed an intermediary base at $1,171.00/75.00 over the past few trading sessions and is looking to rally towards $1,205.00 and $1,211.00 in sessions to come. It is recommended to remain long with risk at $1,150.00. Immediate support is seen at $1,171.00 followed by $1,162.00, $1,143.00, and lower. Resistance is seen at $1,205.00 levels, followed by $1,215.00 and higher respectively.
Silver bounced off the sub-level at $15.90 as expected yesterday and is trading around $16.20 at the moment. Please note that the metal has already confirmed its resumption in case of a rally towards $17.70 and higher during the sessions to come. The metal bounced at the confluence of trend-line support and fibonacci 0.786 support around $15.80 as depicted here. It is recommended to remain long and look to add further with risk at $15.30. Immediate support is seen at $15.80 followed by $15.60, $15.30, and lower. Resistance is seen at $17.20/30 followed by $17.70/80 and higher respectively.
The EUR/JPY pair is trading around the level of 139.60 at the moment looking to push further higher. Please note that the pair had found support at fibonacci 0.382 levels of a rally between 133.00 and 141.00 respectively. It is expected to push higher until prices stay above the level of 138.00 at least. It is hence recommended to remain long from yesterday with risk at 137.50. Immediate support is seen at 138.00 (interim) followed by 135.00, 133.00, and lower. Resistance is seen at 141.00 and higher respectively.
Remain long for now, stop is at 137.50, a target is open.
The GBP/CHF pair remained just shy of 1.4650 yesterday before pulling back. The pair is trading around the level of 1.4580 at the moment looking for a pullback. Please note that the H4 chart indicates that a pullback is due, towards 1.4250/1.4300 levels at least before the pair rallies further. It is recommended to remain flat for now and look to enter long at lower levels. Immediate support is seen at 1.4450, followed by 1.4400, 1.4150, and lower. Resistance is seen at 1.4650/1.4700 and higher respectively.
Remain flat for now. Look to buy at lower levels.
As anticipated yesterday, the corrective cycle in wave (iv) developed a triangle pattern and now it looks like the market brake out of the triangle to make the missing wave (v) to the downside. The lowest target is at the level of 1.2181, but a drop might get extended lower. This wave down would be the last corrective wave in the overall (a) (b) (c) blue correction that consist the wave 2 blue. We will be looking now for any clues for impulsive reversal to the upside in the intraday time frames.
The sell orders opened yesterday should be still kept open as the second TP at the level of 1.2000 might be hit today.
The current wave development on this pair is a complex and time-consuming corrective cycle that we have been tracking since June 4. According to the newest labeling, there is still one more wave to the downside missing and it had been labeled on the chart as the wave Y black. The main support for the market is still the grey rectangle supply the breakthrough zone, so only violation of this area will confirm the current labeling. On the other hand, any breakout above the intraday resistance at the level of 140.45 will possibly lead to the recent test of a swing high and the corrective cycle will be invalidated together with a higher time frame cycles (daily and weekly).
Daytraders should consider opening sell orders from current price levels with SL above the level of 140.46 and TP at the level of 139.38.
EUR/USD: There has been an upward breakout in the context of a consolidation of this pair. The outlook is bullish and an upward break enabled the price to test the resistance line at 1.1350. For the current bullish outlook to be stronger, the price would need to close above that resistance line.
USD/CHF: This pair has been able to break the resistance level at 0.9250 to the downside testing the support level at 0.9200. Should the price close below the support level or stay below the resistance level at 0.9250, it would mean strong presence of bears.
GBP/USD: The GBP/JPY pair has been trending upwards strongly breaking one distribution territory after the other. The price has gone upwards by 300 pips this week, and the next target to be breached by bulls is the distribution territory at 1.5850. The price is expected to close above the distribution territory.
USD/JPY: After several days of sideways movement, the price broke upwards, but it happened to be a false breakout. The price went upwards briefly and later came down. It would be fine to stay away from this market until there is a predictable/directional movement. Some fundamental figures are expected today and they would have some impact on the market.
EUR/JPY: There is a buy'signal on this cross: the EMA 11 is above the EMA 22 and the RSI period 14 is above the level 50. The price may go further upwards, for there is a Bullish Confirmation Pattern in the chart.
We have seen an expected rally higher to 1.6446 (a high of 1.6512). Ideally, we will see a break above the base channel resistance line near 1.6512 for even more acceleration higher to 1.6787 and higher to 1.7154 as the next major upside target.
Minor support is found at 1.6313 and strong support is found at 1.6160, which is expected to protect the downside for a break above the resistance at 1.6512 for more upside acceleration.
We are long EUR from 1.5810 and will move our stop higher to 1.6140. If you are not long EUR yet, then buy EUR near 1.6320 or upon a break above 1.6512 and use the same stop at 1.6140.
We have seen a breakout above 140.00, but not yet an acceleration higher in blue wave iii. We will look for support at 139.36 for the next rally towards 141.06 and through this resistance for a continuation higher to 144.03.
In the long-term, we are looking for even more upside towards 149.55 and beyond.
We are long EUR from 138.10 and will move our stop higher to 138.75. If you are not long EUR yet, then buy near 139.36 or upon a break above 140.48 and use the same stop at 138.75.
AUD/USD continues to move sideways within 130 pips corridor. The pair found strong support near 0.7630 and resistance is seen near 0.7770.
On June 17, AUD/USD tested the resistance once again failing to break it. While the resistance holds the uptrend, trendline was broken. The 23.6% level of the Fibonacci applied to the trendline breaking point showing that S4 support (0.7667) was also broken. Besides, the Demarker oscillator is moving under the downtrend trendline.
All the facts suggest that downward move should be the next, therefore consider selling AUD/USD near R1, which is 76.4% Fibonacci resistance level at 0.7753. A target is at the key support, which is also a 0% Fibonacci level S5 (0.7630). A break above R2 (0.7792) will invalidate this forecast and is expected to push the rate up.
In the daily chart, the USDX finally broke the support level at 94.66 and now it's looking to test the next low of 93.75, which is a key zone on this time frame. However, we should be cautious with the current short trades in the mid term, because bulls could come again when the Index tests the level of 93.14.
The short-term outlook is very bearish, because the 200 SMA in the H1 chart turned bearish. Also, the USDX is currently forming a lower low pattern below the resistance level at 94.33. Targets are placed around the levels of 93.88 and 93.53 now. The downside is still there and bulls have no chances to dominate the intraday trend.
Bulls took control of the trend in the GBP/USD pair, because the Fed showed dovish stance at their latest meeting on Wednesday. Currently, the pair is approaching the resistance level of 1.5898. If it does a breakout of that zone, it would be expected to reach a high at the level of 1.6036 in coming hours. The MACD indicator remains in the positive territory.
At the H1 chart, the pair has been trading higher breaking important resistance in an intraday bias and now it's looking to overcome a high around 1.5841. In case of success, it would do a rally towards the resistance zone of 1.5884. Anyway, be cautious with the overbought levels showed in lower time frames.
Trading recommendations for today: Based on the H1 chart, place buy (long) orders only if the GBP/USD pair breaks a bullish candlestick; the resistance level is at 1.5841, take profit is at 1.5884, and stop loss is at 1.5796.
When the European market opens, economic data on Eurogroup Meetings, Spanish 10-y Bond Auction, Targeted LTRO, and ECB Economic Bulletin is due.The US will release data about the Natural Gas Storage, CB Leading Index m/m, Philly Fed Manufacturing Index, Current Account, Unemployment Claims, Core CPI m/m, and CPI m/m. So amid the reports, EUR/USD will move low to medium volatility during this day.
In Asia, Japan is not expected to release economic data today. However, the US will publish data data on the Natural Gas Storage, CB Leading Index m/m, Philly Fed Manufacturing Index, Current Account, Unemployment Claims, Core CPI m/m, amd CPI m/m. So, there is a big probability that USD/JPY will move with low to medium volatility during the day.
Moreover, a lower high at 1.5660 applied significant bearish pressure. That is why, the support zone between 1.5500 and 1.5450 failed to stop this bearish momentum. This led to a bearish breakout.
The recent daily candlesticks came as bullish engulfing ones. This allowed the occurrence of the current bullish pullback towards the price zone of 1.5700.
As anticipated, if the bullish breakout above 1.5550 persists, a bullish corrective movement towards 1.5750 is likely to happen.
Traders can take a valid sell entry anywhere around 1.5750-1.5790 (the key zone depicted on the chart). Initial T/P levels are located at 1.5470, 1.5400 and 1.5320 while S/L should be set above 1.5800.
Recently, the price zone of 1.2450-1.2500 constituted a strong resistance zone for USD/CAD (backside of the broken uptrend and a previous consolidation zone).
However, the previous weekly closure came above 1.2300 (indicating lack of bearish momentum). Hence, a bullish pullback towards 1.2400 should not be excluded on the short-term.
For risky traders, a daily candlestick closure below the price level of 1.2300 (79.6% Fibo) brings again the bearish scenario to the market. TP levels are projected at 1.2220, 1.2100 and 1.1950.
USD/JPY is expected to consolidate in a higher range as markets await the Fed monetary policy decision at 18:00 GMT. The Fed is expected to stay pat on the interest rates but market participants will scan accompanying statement and Chairwoman Yellen's comments at the press conference for clues to the further policy. USD/JPY is undermined by the lower US Treasury yields (10-year slipped 4.9 bps to 2.309% Tuesday), flows to the safe-haven yen as the Greek fears persist, and Japan's exports. But USD/JPY losses are tempered by the demand from the Japanese importers and the Bank of Japan's ultra-loose monetary policy.
The pair is trading above its pivot point. It is likely to trade in a wider range as long as it remains above its pivot point. As long as the price holds above its pivot point, long positions are recommended with the first target at 124.365 and the second target at 124.65. In the alternative scenario, short positions are recommended with the first target at 122.90 if the price moves below its pivot points. A break of this target is likely to push the pair further downwards, and one may expect the second target at 122.45. The pivot point is at 123.35.
USD/CHF is expected to consolidate with bullish bias as markets await the FOMC policy decision. USD/CHF is supported by the contagion from the weak euro on the Swissie, the negative Swiss interest rates, and the threat of the Swiss National Bank to carry out CHF-selling intervention.
The daily chart is mixed as five-day moving average is meandering sideways below declining 15-day moving average. Stochastics is turning bullish near oversold levels.
The pair is trading below its pivot point. It is likely to trade in a lower range as long as it remains below the pivot point. Short positions are recommended with the first target at 0.9510. A break of that target will move the pair further downwards to 0.9170. The pivot point stands at 0.9315. In case the price moves in the opposite direction and bounces back from the support level, it will move above its pivot point. It is likely to move further to the upside. According to that scenario, long positions are recommended with the first target at 0.9360 and the second target at 0.9420. | 2019-04-22T16:59:08Z | http://www.moneygrows.net/2015_06_18_archive.html |
Base entities Post, Comment and Image now accept an url parameter. This will be used when serializing the entities to AS2 for ActivityPub.
RFC7033 webfinger generator now has compatibility to platforms using it with ActivityPub. It now lists aliases pointing to the ActivityPub entity ID and profile URL. Also there is a rel=self to point to the application/activity+json AS2 document location.
Added a Django view decorator that makes any Profile or Post view ActivityPub compatible. Right now basic AS2 serialization is supported when the view is called using the supported content types in the Accept header. If the content types are not in the header, the view will render normally.
When used, a few extra settings must be given in the Django FEDERATION configuration dictionary.
get_object_function should contain the Python path to a function that takes a request object and returns an object matching the ActivityPub ID for the request or None.
process_payload_function should contain the Python path to a function that takes in a request object. It should return True if successful (or placed in queue for processing later) or False in case of any errors.
Backwards incompatible. Lowest compatible Python version is now 3.6.
Backwards incompatible. Internal refactoring to allow adding ActivityPub support as the second supported protocol. Highlights of changes below.
Reversal of all the work previously done to use Diaspora URL format identifiers. Working with the Diaspora protocol now always requires using handles and GUID’s as before the changes introduced in v0.15.0. It ended up impossible to construct a Diaspora URL in all cases in a way that apps only need to store one identifier.
The id and possible target_id are now either URL format identifiers (ActivityPub) or a handle or GUID (Diaspora, depending on entity). Additionally a new actor_id has been added which for ActivityPub is an URL and for Diaspora a handle. Note, Diaspora entities always have also the guid, handle, target_guid and target_handle as before v0.15.0, depending on the entity. When creating Diaspora entities, you must pass these in for sending to work.
The high level fetchers.retrieve_remote_content signature has changed. It now expects an id for fetching from AP protocol and handle, guid and entity_type to fetch from Diaspora. Additionally a sender_key_fetcher can be passed in as before to optimize public key fetching using a callable.
The high level fetchers.retrieve_remote_profile signature has changed. It now expects an id for fetching from AP protocol and handle for fetching from Diaspora. Additionally a sender_key_fetcher can be passed in as before to optimize public key fetching using a callable.
The generator class RFC7033Webfinger now expects instead of an id the handle and guid of the profile.
NodeInfo2 parser now returns the admin user in handle format instead of a Diaspora format URL.
The high level inbound and outbound functions inbound.handle_receive, outbound.handle_send parameter user must now receive a UserType compatible object. This must have the attributes id and private_key. If Diaspora support is required then also handle and guid should exist. The type can be found as a class in types.UserType.
The outbound function outbound.handle_send parameter recipients structure has changed. It must now for Diaspora contain either a handle (public delivery) or tuple of handle, RSAPublicKey, guid for private delivery. For AP delivery either url ID for public delivery or tuple of url ID, RSAPublicKey for private delivery.
Backwards incompatible. Generator RFC3033Webfinger and the related rfc3033_webfinger_view have been renamed to RFC7033Webfinger and rfc7033_webfinger_view to reflect the right RFC number.
Backwards incompatible. Support for Legacy Diaspora payloads have been removed to reduce the amount of code needed to maintain while refactoring for ActivityPub.
Switch crypto library pycrypto to pycryptodome, which is a more up to date fork of the former. This fixes CVE-2018-6594 found in the former.
Deployment note. When updating an application, you must uninstall pycrypto first, otherwise there will be a conflict if both the versions are installed at the same time. To uninstall, do pip uninstall pycrypto.
JSON encrypted payload encryption and decryption is handled by the Diaspora EncryptedPayload class.
Also provided is a Django view and url configuration for easy addition into Django projects. Django is not a hard dependency of this library, usage of the Django view obviously requires installing Django itself. For configuration details see documentation.
Add fetchers and parsers for NodeInfo, NodeInfo2, StatisticsJSON and Mastodon server metainfo documents.
Added new network utilities to fetch IP and country information from a host.
The country information is fetched using the free ipdata.co service. NOTE! This service is rate limited to 1500 requests per day.
Extract mentions from Diaspora payloads that have text content. The mentions will be available in the entity as _mentions which is a set of Diaspora ID’s in URI format.
The signature has changed. Parameter recipients should now be a list of recipients to delivery to. Each recipient should either be an id or a tuple of (id, public key). If public key is provided, Diaspora protocol delivery will be made as an encrypted private delivery.
Backwards incompatible. Change handle_create_payload function signature.
Parameter to_user is now to_user_key and thus instead of an object containing the key attribute it should now be an RSA public key object instance. This simplifies things since we only need the key from the user, nothing else.
We’ve already accepted these on incoming payloads for a long time and so do all the other platforms now, so now we always send out entities with the new property names. This can break federation with really old servers that don’t understand these keys yet.
Some platforms deliver payloads not using the urlsafe base64 standard which caused problems when validating the unquoted signature. Ensure maximum compatibility by allowing non-standard urlsafe quoted payloads.
Fix for empty values in Diaspora protocol entities sometimes ending up as None instead of empty string when processing incoming payloads.
Previously handles were validated like emails.
Previously only first_name was used when creating the Profile.name value. Now both first_name and last_name are used.
When creating outgoing payloads, the Profile.name will still be placed in first_name to avoid trying to artificially split it.
The Share entity supports all the properties that a Diaspora reshare does. Additionally two other properties are supported: raw_content and entity_type. The former can be used for a “quoted share” case where the sharer adds their own note to the share. The latter can be used to reference the type of object that was shared, to help the receiver, if it is not sharing a Post entity. The value must be a base entity class name.
Entities have two new properties: id and target_id.
Diaspora entity ID’s are in the form of the Diaspora URI scheme, where it is possible to construct an ID from the entity. In the future, ActivityPub object ID’s will be found in these properties.
id - Object ID. For Diaspora, the only supported protocol at the moment, this is in the Diaspora URI format.
sender_key_fetcher - Optional function that takes a profile handle and returns a public key in str format. If this is not given, the public key will be fetched from the remote profile over the network.
The given ID will be fetched from the remote endpoint, validated to be from the correct author against their public key and then an instance of the entity class will be constructed and returned.
retrieve_and_parse_content. See notes regarding the high level fetcher above.
fetch_public_key. Given a handle as a parameter, will fetch the remote profile and return the public_key from it.
parse_diaspora_uri. Parses a Diaspora URI scheme string, returns either None if parsing fails or a tuple of handle, entity_type and guid.
The legaxy Webfinger is still used as fallback if the new Webfinger is not found.
Refactoring for Diaspora MagicEnvelope class.
The class init now also allows passing in parameters to construct and verify MagicEnvelope instances. The order of init parameters has not been changed, but they are now all optional. When creating a class instance, one should always pass in the necessary parameters depnding on whether the class instance will be used for building a payload or verifying an incoming payload. See class docstring for details.
Diaspora procotol receive flow now uses the MagicEnvelope class to verify payloads. No functional changes regarding verification otherwise.
Diaspora protocol receive flow now fetches the sender public key over the network if a sender_key_fetcher function is not passed in. Previously an error would be raised.
Note that fetching over the network for each payload is wasteful. Implementers should instead cache public keys when possible and pass in a function to retrieve them, as before.
Converting base entity Profile to DiasporaProfile for outbound sending missed two attributes, image_urls and tag_list. Those are now included so that the values transfer into the built payload.
Fix fallback to HTTP in the fetch_document network helper in the case of ConnectionError when trying HTTPS. Thanks @autogestion.
Ensure handle is always lower cased when fetching remote profile using retrieve_remote_profile. Warning will be logged if an upper case handle is passed in.
Fix regression in handling Diaspora relayables due to security fix in 0.14.0. Payload and entity handle need to be allowed to be different when handling relayables.
Add proper checks to make sure Diaspora protocol payload handle and entity handle are the same. Even though we already verified the signature of the sender, we didn’t ensure that the sender isn’t trying to fake an entity authored by someone else.
The Diaspora protocol functions message_to_objects and element_to_objects now require a new parameter, the payload sender handle. These functions should normally not be needed to be used directly.
Breaking change. The high level federation.outbound functions handle_send and handle_create_payload signatures have been changed. This has been done to better represent the objects that are actually sent in and to add an optional parent_user object.
For both functions the from_user parameter has been renamed to author_user. Optionally a parent_user object can also be passed in. Both the user objects must have private_key and handle attributes. In the case that parent_user is given, that user will be used to sign the payload and for Diaspora relayables an extra parent_author_signature in the payload itself.
When processing Diaspora payloads, entity used to get a _source_object stored to it. This was an etree.Element created from the source object. Due to serialization issues in applications (for example pushing the object to a task queue or saving to database), _source_object is now a byte string representation for the element done with etree.tostring().
No additional changes need to be made when calling handle_receive from your task processing. Just pass in the full received XML or JSON payload as a string with recipient user object as before.
Fix getting sender from a combination of legacy Diaspora encrypted payload and new entity names (for example author). This combination probably only existed in this library.
Fix broken Diaspora relayables after latest 0.2.0 protocol changes. Previously relayables worked only because they were reverse engineered from the legacy protocol. Now that XML order is not important and tag names can be different depending on which protocol version, the relayable forwarding broke. To fix, we don’t regenerate the entity when forwarding it but store the original received object when generating a parent_author_signature (which is optional in some cases, but we generate it anyway for now). This happens in the previously existing entity.sign_with_parent() method. In the sending part, if the original received object (now with a parent author signature) exists in the entity, we send that to the remote instead of serializing the entity to XML.
To forward a relayable you must call entity.sign_with_parent() before calling handle_send to send the entity.
Post.photos entity attribute was never used by any code and has been removed. Child entities of type Image are stored in the Post._children as before.
Removed deprecated user private key lookup using user.key in Diaspora receive processing. Passed in user objects must now have a private_key attribute.
Removed exception class NoHeaderInMessageError. New style Diaspora protocol does not have a custom header in the Salmon magic envelope and thus there is no need to raise this anywhere.
New style Diaspora public payloads are now supported (see here). Old style payloads are still supported. Payloads are also still sent out old style.
Add new Follow base entity and support for the new Diaspora “contact” payload. The simple Follow maps to Diaspora contact entity with following/sharing both true or false. Sharing as a separate concept is not currently supported.
Added _receiving_guid to all entities. This is filled with user.guid if user is passed to federation.inbound.handle_receive and it has a guid. Normally in for example Diaspora, this will always be done in private payloads.
Legacy Diaspora retraction of sharing/following is now supported correctly. The end result is a DiasporaRetraction for entity type Profile. Since the payload doesn’t contain the receiving user for a sharing/following retraction in legacy Diaspora protocol, we store the guid of the user in the entity as _receiving_guid, assuming it was passed in for processing.
Diaspora protocol support added for comment and like relayable types. On inbound payloads the signature included in the payload will be verified against the sender public key. A failed verification will raise SignatureVerificationError. For outbound entities, the author private key will be used to add a signature to the payload.
This introduces some backwards incompatible changes to the way entities are processed. Diaspora entity mappers get_outbound_entity and entity utilities get_full_xml_representation now requires the author private_key as a parameter. This is required to sign outgoing Comment and Reaction (like) entities.
Additionally, Diaspora entity mappers message_to_objects and element_to_objects now take an optional sender_key_fetcher parameter. This must be a function that when called with the sender handle will return the sender public key. This allows using locally cached public keys instead of fetching them as needed. NOTE! If the function is not given, each processed payload will fetch the public key over the network.
A failed payload signature verification now raises a SignatureVerificationError instead of a less specific AssertionError.
Three new attributes added to entities.
Add protocol name to all entities to attribute _source_protocol. This might be useful for applications to know which protocol payload the entity was created from once multiple protocols are implemented.
Add source payload object to the entity at _source_object when processing it.
Add sender public key to the entity at _sender_key, but only if it was used for validating signatures.
Add support for the new Diaspora payload properties coming in the next protocol version. Old XML payloads are and will be still supported.
DiasporaComment and DiasporaLike will get the order of elements in the XML payload as a list in xml_tags. For implementers who want to recreate payloads for these relayables, this list should be saved for later use.
High level federation.outbound.handle_send helper function now allows sending entities to a list of recipients without having to deal with payload creation or caring about the protocol (in preparation of being a multi-protocol library).
The function takes three parameters, entity that will be sent, from_user that is sending (note, not necessarely authoring, this user will be used to sign the payload for Diaspora for example) and a list of recipients as tuples of recipient handle/domain and optionally protocol. In the future, if protocol is not given, it will be guessed from the recipient handle, and if necessary a network lookup will be made to see what protocols the receiving identity supports.
Payloads will be delivered to each receiver only once. Currently only public messages are supported through this helper, so multiple recipients on a single domain will cause only one delivery.
Refactor processing of Diaspora payload XML into entities. Diaspora protocol is dropping the <XML><post></post></XML> wrapper for the payloads. Payloads with the wrapper will still be parsed as before.
Ensure tags are lower cased after collecting them from entity raw_content.
Add support for new Diaspora protocol ISO 8601 timestamp format introduced in protocol version 0.1.6.
Tests are now executed also against Python 3.6.
Don’t crash federation.utils.diaspora.retrieve_diaspora_webfinger if XRD parse raises an xml.parsers.expat.ExpatError.
Made Profile.raw_content optional. This fixes validating profiles parsed from Diaspora hCard’s.
Image no longer has a text attribute. It is replaced by raw_content, the same attribute as Post and Comment have. Unlike the latter two, Image.raw_content is not mandatory.
Entities can now have a children. These can be accessed using the _children list. Acceptable children depends on the entity. Currently, Post, Comment and Profile can have children of entity type Image. Child types are validated in the .validate() entity method call.
Diaspora protocol message_to_objects method (called through inbound high level methods) now correctly parses Diaspora <photo> elements and creates Image entities from them. If they are children of status messages, they will be available through the Post._children list.
Remove legacy splitting of payload to 60 chars when creating Diaspora payloads. Diaspora 0.6 doesn’t understand these any more.
federation.utils.network.send_document incorrectly passed in kwargs to requests.post, causing an error when sending custom headers.
Make sure federation.utils.network.send_document headers are treated case insensitive before passing then onwards to requests.post.
The name Social-Federation was really only an early project name which stuck. Since the beginning, the main module has been federation. It makes sense to unify these and also shorter names are generally nicer.
Update your requirements with the new library name federation.
If you hook to the old logger social-federation, update those to listen to federation, which is now the standard logger name used throughout.
federation.utils.diaspora.retrieve_and_parse_profile will now return None if the Profile retrieved doesn’t validate. This will affect also the output of federation.fetchers.retrieve_remote_profile which is the high level function to retrieve profiles.
Remove unnecessary protocol parameter from federation.fetchers.retrieve_remote_profile. We’re miles away from including other protocols and ideally the caller shouldn’t have to pass in the protocol anyway.
Added Retraction entity with DiasporaRetraction counterpart.
Made guid mandatory for Profile entity. Library users should always be able to get a full validated object as we consider guid a core attribute of a profile.
Always validate entities created through federation.entities.diaspora.mappers.message_to_objects. This is the code that transforms federation messages for the Diaspora protocol to actual entity objects. Previously no validation was done and callers of federation.inbound.handle_receive received entities that were not always valid, for example they were missing a guid. Now validation is done in the conversion stage and errors are pushed to the federation logger in the event of invalid messages.
Note Diaspora Profile XML messages do not provide a GUID. This is handled internally by fetching the guid from the remote hCard so that a valid Profile entity can be created.
Raise a warning if unknown parameters are passed to entities.
Ensure entity required attributes are validated for None or empty string values. Required attributes must not only exist but also have a value.
Add validation to entities with the attribute public. Only bool values are accepted.
Function federation.utils.diaspora.parse_profile_from_hcard now requires a second argument, handle. Since in the future Diaspora hCard is not guaranteed to have username and domain, we now pass handle to the parser directly.
New style Diaspora Magic Envelope didn’t require or like payload data to be cut to 60 char lines, as the legacy protocol does. Fixed to not cut lines.
New style Diaspora Magic Envelope support. The magic envelope can be created using the class federation.protocols.diaspora.magic_envelope.MagicEnvelope. By default this will not wrap the payload message in <XML><post></post></XML>. To provide that functionality the class should be initialized with wrap_payload=True. No changes are made to the protocol send methods yet, if you need this new magic envelope you can initialize and render it directly.
Deprecate receiving user key attribute for Diaspora protocol. Instead correct attribute is now private_key for any user passed to federation.inbound.handle_receive. We already use private_key in the message creation code so this is just to unify the user related required attributes.
DEPRECATION: There is a fallback with key for user objects in the receiving payload part of the Diaspora protocol until 0.8.0.
Loosen up hCard selectors when parsing profile from hCard document in federation.utils.diaspora.parse_profile_from_hcard. The selectors now match Diaspora upcoming federation documentation.
In practise this means the signature has changed for handle_create_payload and build_send from from_user, to_user, entity to entity, from_user, to_user=None.
Class federation.hostmeta.generators.DiasporaHCard now requires guid, public_key and username for initialization. Leaving these out was a mistake in the initial implementation. Diaspora has these in at least 0.6 development branch.
Relationship base entity which represents relationships between two handles. Types can be following, sharing, ignoring and blocking. The Diaspora counterpart, DiasporaRequest, which represents a sharing/following request is outwards a single entity, but incoming a double entity, handled by creating both a sharing and following version of the relationship.
Profile base entity and Diaspora counterpart DiasporaProfile. Represents a user profile.
federation.utils.network.fetch_document utility function to fetch a remote document. Returns document, status code and possible exception. Takes either url or a host + path combination. With host, https is first tried and optionally fall back to http.
Utility methods to retrieve Diaspora user discovery related documents. These include the host-meta, webfinger and hCard documents. The utility methods are in federation.utils.diaspora.
Utility to fetch remote profile, federation.fetchers.retrieve_remote_profile. Currently always uses Diaspora protocol. Returns a Profile entity.
Unlock most of the direct dependencies to a certain version range. Unlock all of test requirements to any version.
Entities passed to federation.controllers.handle_create_payload are now converted from the base entity types (Post, Comment, Reaction, etc) to Diaspora entity types (DiasporaPost, DiasporaComment, DiasporaLike, etc). This ensures actual payload generation has the correct methods available (for example to_xml) whatever entity is passed in.
Fix fetching sender handle from Diaspora protocol private messages. As it is not contained in the header, it needs to be read from the message content itself.
Fix various issues with DiasporaHCard template after comparing to some real world hCard templates from real pods. Old version was based on documentation in Diaspora project wiki.
Test factories and other test files are now included in the package installation. Factories can be useful when creating project tests.
Support for generating .well-known/nodeinfo document, which was forgotten from the 0.3.0 release. Method federation.hostmeta.generators.get_nodeinfo_well_known_document does this task. It requires an url which should be the full base url of the host. Optionally document_path can be specified, but it is optional and defaults to the one in the NodeInfo spec.
Support for generating NodeInfo documents using the generator federation.hostmeta.generators.NodeInfo. Strict validation is skipped by default, but can be enabled by passing in raise_on_validate to the NodeInfo class. By default a warning will be generated on documents that don’t conform with the strict NodeInfo values. This can be disabled by passing in skip_validate to the class.
Any implementations using the Diaspora protocol and Post entities must now use DiasporaPost instead. See “Changed” below.
Support for using validate_field() methods for entity fields and checking missing fields against _required. To use this validation, validate() must specifically be called for the entity instance.
Base entities Comment and Reaction which subclass the new ParticipationMixin.
Diaspora entity DiasporaComment, a variant of Comment.
Diaspora entity DiasporaLike, a variant of Reaction with the reaction = "like" default.
Refactored Diaspora XML generators into the Diaspora entities themselves. This introduces Diaspora versions of the base entities called DiasporaPost, DiasporaComment and DiasporaLike. Any implementations using the Diaspora protocol and Post entities must now use DiasporaPost instead.
Entities which don’t specifically get passed a created_at now get correct current time in created_at instead of always having the time part as 00:00.
Supports well Post type object receiving over Diaspora protocol.
Untested support for crafting outgoing protocol messages. | 2019-04-19T13:10:40Z | https://federation.readthedocs.io/en/latest/changelog.html |
Long Tail Pro Review 2019 – Is Jaaxy Better Alternative?
My mission with this review is to take a look into powers of Long Tail Pro to find out is it good enough for your keyword research or Jaaxy is maybe a better alternative. You see, I use Jaaxy for my keyword research, and I’m satisfied with its service. But what if there is something better out there?
If you can’t decide who is better, Long Tail Pro or Jaaxy, maybe this article can help you make a decision.
Let’s see who has more powers, shall we?
Ok, I must begin this review in a negative tone. Sadly, Long Tail Pro keyword research tool disappointed me at the very beginning.
Hopefully, it’ll change as we move forward.
The company offers a 7-day free trial version. During those seven days, you are allowed to use this tool for free, no charges whatsoever.
As much as I was excited to start using this keyword research tool, my enthusiasm went away pretty fast.
I got weird results for every keyword. The requested keyword and the results were of slant every time I entered a new keyword variation. Bummer!
I wasn’t expecting that keyword research will be limited. You get only 100 keywords per 24 hours which go away fast. Another bummer!
It takes ages to get results. The little wheel is spinning round and round while I scratch my beard. It grew while I was waiting!
I’ve decided to hit the sack and try another round tomorrow.
Here I am, fresh and rested, ready to dig into this keyword research tool to see is it better than my favorite Jaaxy or should I stick to what I know already.
Hopefully, I won’t experience the same troubles as I did the last night.
What is Long Tail Pro For?
As every other keyword research tool, Long Tail Pro is oriented towards keyword research mainly.
However, there are a few more features that sound interesting, and they’ve caught my attention.
One of those features is SERP analysis, which means that you can use this tool to get insights into your competition on the Search Engines results.
For me, an online marketer, the ability to take a peek at my neighbors’ yard is more than exciting. It shouldn’t be my primary focus, but it doesn’t hurt to check out the competition.
Moreover, you can use Long Tail Pro to track your rankings on Google, Bing, and Yahoo. It’s an awesome feature which helps you track your work and see how far have you progressed with your business.
Another cool thing that I’ve found while using this keyword research tool was backlink checker.
I know that everyone who is looking to establish authority on search engines is more than interested in getting backlinks to your website. Also, the ability to read those backlinks and discover where are they coming from is super!
Now, I know that I’ve started this review in a bit harsh tone, but as I move along, I can see that Long Tail Pro is not as bad as I might have been thinking.
There is a lot of things that you can use it for, from basic keyword research to analyzing competition on SERP, as well as analyzing your keywords.
My second experience with Long Tail Pro keyword research was much better than the first time I’ve tried it.
As I am a content marketer, to me is very important to get as many long tail keywords for my business.
High-quality keywords are my business.
This tool is for everyone who is involved in the same line of work.
Compared to some other tools on the market, this one is more oriented towards beginners who are looking for simple and easy to use tools.
Simplicity is the keyword, and Long Tail delivers!
If you are a beginner who is looking for a simple tool that can help you to do your research quick, fast, and most importantly easy to understand, this tool is for you.
You can get already mentioned 100 free searches which are more than enough to get started.
To me, this was too little because I’m crazy about long tail keywords! You should be as well.
My mission here with this website is to deliver you the best free online and affiliate marketing tools that you can use to start up your business with as less cost as possible and this one starts to slip away from the race slowly.
As mentioned already, the free trial is only 7-days which was a small bummer, but let’s move on.
Before I’ve decided to do this review, I’ve been working with a few other keyword research tools such as MOZ, SEMrush, and Jaaxy. All of them are special in their way.
Long Tail Pro left me with not so good first impression, but as I move through its features, I can see that there is some value in it.
What gets me the most is the simplicity of the interface. I like simple tools which are easy to use, and this one suits my taste.
However, I am not so happy with the speed of the results after you hit the search button. The lady on one of the tutorial videos that I’ve watched before I stared had the same issues. She says that it’s because they regularly update for long tail keywords and that is what slows down the search form time to time.
I don’t like excuses. I don’t know about you, but speed is critical to me.
The variety of ideas, on the other hand, is excellent!
When you search for a long tail keyword, you’ll get 20 more related long tail keywords together with an option to expand each keyword into 20 more long tail phrases.
Cool! I like to have many ideas at once. It helps me to grow my business fast.
If you like to bid for keywords on Google Ads, this research tool shows you the value of each suggestion automatically. You can get the same thing with Google Keyword Planner, but it’s not a bad thing to have immediate insight into the information about how profitable the keyword is.
Keyword difficulty and search volume are also displayed, but I’ll cover in more detail right below.
You can get access to Long Tail Pro Boot Camp and University where you’ll find tons of great video material explaining everything from how to use this tool as well as on how to improve your research and much more!
This review is getting more and more exciting so let’s pop up the hood to see the engine shall we?
The window-shopping is over. We’ve gone through this tool briefly to get you ready for what is coming. Now, we will sit back, turn on the engine and take it out for a test drive.
Let’s see how Long Tail Pro performs when the rubber hits the road. Throughout the review, I’m going to give a short comparison with Jaaxy, but I’ll stay Long Tail Pro oriented mainly.
For this review, I’ve decided to use a ‘keyword research tools’ as my seed keyword to see what’s going to happen. Also, I’ve chosen to target Googles results for the United States.
Before I begin, I will retract what I’ve said at the start of this review because the new results are in and I’m getting more and more intrigued by this tool and its performance.
It’s great to see how this tool works a little bit different than Jaaxy.
You see Jaaxy gives you twenty ideas as well, but here you can explore each keyword individually and have an in-depth analysis of your keyword just by clicking on it.
One point goes to Long Tail Pro, for now.
I’ll explain all the simple metrics that you get for your seed keyword. Then we’ll move to see what’s happening when you click on the phrase that you like.
I’m excited already so let’s go!
The first metric is competitiveness, and it tells you how likely you are going to rank for the selected keyword on the top of the search results. You get a score from 0-100. The closet you get to 100 means that it’ll be harder for you to rank for that particular long tail keyword. Closer to 0 means that your chances are high.
For this calculation, it considers only websites from the top of the Google search. It analyses top 10 websites using those metrics, and as I explained already, it serves you with a number that indicates how hard or easy it’ll be for you to rank your site for that same keyword.
Using colors, green and yellow, it helps you to point your view on keywords that are worthy of further analysis. Yellow means medium competitiveness, and a number between 25 and 30 measures it. Green colored name says you are good to go with this one and it’s stepped on the scale between 0 and 25.
In some other keyword research tools, we know it as keyword difficulty. Jaaxy has the same metric which is helpful as well, KQI or keyword quality indicator.
Knowing how hard or easy it can be to rank your keyword, from my perspective, is the most critical aspect of keyword research. It helps you to make quick decisions and move forward quickly.
However, I don’t like to think of the top 10 sites as my competition. Instead of labeling them as competitors, I want to use them as an inspiration, or role models.
Competition not only sounds rough but competing makes your job harder. My advice is to use this score as a reference and nothing else.
Your task online is not to compete with other sites; it’s to create and serve to your readers with high quality and quantity of information.
Like I’m doing right now with my review. I’m serving you with information about Long Tail Pro keyword research tool, and I use this article to compare it with Jaaxy.
So far, they are shoulder to shoulder.
Another metric that plays a significant role in every search for a perfect long tail keyword is volume. This metric gives you an insight into the number of searches per month your keyword gets.
It calculates roughly how many people use that exact keyword phrase each month depending on the state you have selected and search engine you target.
In my example, I’ve got volume results for searches based in the US, targeting Google search engine. I’ve had some good indications telling me that I have to expand my long tail keyword and be more specific to get better results.
Also, the guys from Long Tail Pro team have said that the number based on the 12 months which means that the results are or should be fresh as a daisy every time. They like to update continuously, which is praiseworthy.
This metric is standard with every other keyword research tool as well. I’ve seen the same with Jaaxy, SEMrush, and MOZ.
However, it’s nice to see some extra steps to improve this metric.
I’m always for fresh, so having this number closer to how things are in real time is exciting information.
To digress a little bit from this part of my review, I have to say that so far, Long Tail Pro is improving its first impression. Compared to what I’ve got when I started, this is much better now.
Therefore, let’s move on to see what else is this little tool hiding in his hat!
Are you up for some bets? People who like to place a few bucks on a specific keyword will find great value in Long Tail Pro.
It serves you with a forecasted amount for pay-per-click for the selected keyword based on the amount that advertisers are already paying to the selected search engine in the country you’ve chosen to target.
If this is not your game, and if it sounds too complicated, you might want to skip for a few paragraphs forward.
You see, many people are doing PPC online and they have a business model developed. Having this information is an excellent move from the Long Tail Pro team.
If I’m one of the guys who is revolving my business around PPC, I would be looking for a tool that can help me reach decisions faster. This one does, but I’m not the guy.
However, if you are interested in doing so, don’t take this number too seriously. It’s only a forecast, so used it as a benchmark, nothing else.
It’s cool to see this information for many reasons. One of them is because it can help you to determine if a keyword that you want to rank profitable or not.
For example, if you are a content marketer like me, and you have a great product to promote over your blog, you would be interested in this info.
Here we are again, the race. Under the previous paragraph, I’ve been talking about PPC so I will continue in the same spirit under this one as well.
Within this column, you’ll find a keyword competition for a selected keyword in Google AdWords.
It’s pretty simple. This metric indicates how many advertisers already bid on Google for keywords you’ve selected based on the chosen country.
If interested in bidding, this one, as well as preceding metric, can be a beautiful window to Google Keyword Planner before you go there and start doing some campaigns.
Here you can take a look at the number of words in a keyword. In the words of Long Tail Pro, this number serves so you can filter and sort your keywords on the number of words.
Pretty simple stuff as well.
I feel like there is nothing more to say about this matter so let’s move on with the review.
As I can see so far, Long Tail Pro has given a lot of attention to PPC and Google AdWords. This metric also is related to the same.
It shows you the estimated monthly value of ranking in the top organic search results. It’s calculated using the suggested AdWords bid, and an estimated click-through-rate.
However, you can play around with this metric and modify it to calculate the same for Amazon Affiliate or anything else using the Site Rank Value option.
Again and again, if you are in the business of content marketing, this informations has little value to you.
The last two metrics are self-explanatory and straightforward.
In my example, I’m using the English language, and I’ve decided that I want to see the results for the US only.
However, I have a strong feeling that the results shouldn’t be country oriented. I would like to see the conclusions based on the whole world, but I was unable to find this option. I can choose only one country for my research.
Anyway, it’s a helpful metric to have if you want to target a specific country. Moreover, the language option is excellent for website owners that have based their business on their native language.
As I’ve set my options to the US and English language already, I’m not going to change anything. I’ll stick to given results for the rest of this review.
It’s time to see my keyword under the microscope.
But before we do so, I have to say that at this point in my review, I think that even though Long Tail Pro’s keyword research is proper, I’m not fascinated. When compared with my alternative tool, Jaaxy, I believe that LTP lacks more long tail ideas.
The whole point of keyword research is getting more and more ideas for your content. As I can see so far, LTP has less to offer than Jaaxy, which is not a good thing in my eyes. You want to get as many long tail keyword ideas, and Jaaxy can provide more.
Now, let’s see how they match when we want to analyze your competition.
Now, for those of you who are interested in organic search results and you don’t care about PPC, this part of Long Tail Pro review will excite you.
On the beginning, I’ve used ‘best keyword research tool’ as my seed keyword. The initial results were 19 more long tail keywords together with the one I’ve selected.
As you could see, I had no trouble in reading the metrics served by Long Tail Pro. Moreover, I found them to be very simple and helpful so far. Even though the results were not promising, I want to know some in-depth metrics about my keyword.
Before I explain the next chart, I want to say that this tool is excellent and the troubles that had occurred on the beginning must have been a small twitch in the system because I haven’t experienced any problems after that.
I guess it was just bad luck.
As you can see from the image below, my selected keyword is pretty competitive — the Avr. KC score is 45 which means that I’ll have a lot of trouble with ranking my site on the top of Google’s page number one.
The search volume, however, is pretty sweet. Long Tail Pro estimates that this keyword receives around 480 searches every single month in the US only.
The right-hand side of the image shows what types of results are showing on the top of Google for this keyword. As you can see, all of the results are organic, which means there is no ads or any other particular snippets except organic results.
Now let’s take a look at the Competition Analysis on Google Organic Search.
The first column is again the same, Keyword Competitiveness. I won’t explain this one in details again because I’ve done so in the first part of this review/tutorial on how to use Long Tail Pro.
To recapitulate, KC is always a number between 0-100. The score from 0 to 25 means that a keyword is likely to rank. The score from 25 to 30 tells you that you’ll have medium trouble to do the same. And everything above 30 means that you should move on with your research and find less competitive keywords.
Long Tail Pro estimates this score by taking into consideration some of the metrics that I’ll explain in more details under the next few headlines.
The same as the score before this one, Domain KC analyses domain of your competition and based on the number of backlinks, Trust Flow, and Citation Flow, it grades domains’ authority with numbers between 0 and 100.
Again, the closer to 0 means weak or no authority. Number close to 100 indicates that the domain which takes one of the top spots on Google has a strong influence.
While using Jaaxy, I couldn’t find this metric because Jaaxy doesn’t provide with one.
However, it’s a logical thing to assume that authority sites always take the top five or six positions. On the other hand, you can expect that the bottom spots are available to you no matter how weak your site is at this moment.
I have a few reviews that I managed to rank on the second half of the first page results in Google just by writing a high-quality piece of content. As my site matures, my content will hopefully climb as well.
Anyway, it’s encouraging to see that those bottom spots are always available to the younger and less authoritative sites.
Long Tail Pro’s Trust Flow measures the quality of links to the URL. The given score flows between 0 and 100. In other words, it measures the quality of competitions backlinks.
This information is excellent, and it can help you a lot to see where is your site compared to guys that already rank on the top page of Google.
My advice is, don’t take all these metrics personally. Instead, take it as a focus of what can you expect one day with your website.
For an everyday blogger, this information might be a little bit overwhelming. On the other hand, if you are the type which cares more about what competition is doing thank this info is perfect.
I’m more about doing my work to the best of my abilities, and I don’t care too much how many trusted backlinks my site have. You see, I’m focused on providing an excellent service to you, and I’m aware that those trusted backlinks will follow up if I keep this attitude.
That’s why I like Jaaxy a little bit more at this point because its primary goal is simple and plain keyword research. Long Tail Pro has its focus on competition over its primary function.
Long Tail Pro estimates Citation Flow by considering how many sites link to it. This score also gives you a number between 0 and 100 where a score closer to 100 means that the influence URL grows as backlink count grows as well.
Once again, you shouldn’t be focused on this metric too much because it’s taking your focus away from what is important to you.
You see, this metric, as well as the one before, are useless to the majority of bloggers out there. It can be intimidating to see how ‘weak’ your site might be in comparison to websites which are in the business for ten years or more.
On the other hand, if you keep the growth mentality while seeing all those intimidating metrics, you can have a look into your future if you keep working and building your website.
I have to stop this review for a second and say that most of you guys are looking for a keyword research tool that can help you to find long tail keywords! As I keep digging into Long Tail Pre, I see that, despite its name, it has less and less focus on long tail keywords and more and more towards analyzing your competition.
This fact is something that I honestly don’t like. That’s why I’m giving one point back to Jaaxy. My alternative tool is strictly oriented towards keyword research and helping you in finding long tail keywords.
Now that I got this off my mind, we can continue this review in peace.
I’ll put these two metrics together because they are the same as the two before them. I must say that as I advance through Long Tail Pro, I’m getting confused by these four metrics altogether.
Domain Trust Flow and Domain Citation Flow measure the same as TF and CT only this time they grade a domain and not the page itself.
The process of measurement and scoring is the same as before. It means that it gives a score between 0 and 100. Hight score indicates great link quality.
I hope that all of this hasn’t got you confused. You see, all those metrics are useless for me at this point. All I wanted to learn is how to use Long Tail Pro for keyword research and find some right long tail keywords. However, the quantity of information within the competition analysis is too much.
Maybe I would be more enthusiastic about all of this if I’m more oriented towards the competition analysis.
If you ask me right now which one would I recommend, Jaaxy or Long Tail Pro, I would go with Jaaxy!
Another intimidating information. In this column, you can see how many external backlinks are pointing to page ranking for a selected keyword.
Backlinks are a funny metric. Most of the pro bloggers agree around one point in SEO. That is, backlinks are not relevant anymore.
Google did put much value on the number of backlinks to a website while determining the rankings before. However, today this is almost useless. Backlinks come naturally to every site as you network and share your content online. They aren’t taken seriously anymore because they are easy to get. Website owner even discovered many black hat methods which have convinced Google to look for something more valuable than this.
Google found a solution in content. In other words, it values sites for the quality and quantity of information instead of how many backlinks a website has.
Yes, backlinks still count, but not as much as website content!
The number of unique domains referring to the page. This column is pretty self-explanatory as well.
I won’t go too much into this one because I’ve said enough under the above headline. To me, all of this is a little bit too much information.
As you can see on one of the images, we have a website that has score one under External Backlinks, as well as one under Page Ref Domains and the site holds position number 10. If you take a look at all the other metrics as well, you will see a big difference between www.timflemingham.com and all other authority websites. Despite all those advantages, this guy has ranked on the top page for a highly competitive keyword.
I believe that Mr. Tim confirms my point so far. That is, keep your mind on long tail keywords and deliver high-quality content. Don’t worry too much about backlinks, domain referrals and such.
Let’s review the last three metrics before we move on to SERP analysis.
Finally, we are talking about content!
This metric helps you to take a look into some indexed URL of the domain. In other words, how many URLs this site has indexed in Google over time.
For me, this is very important because it gives you an accurate measure of your site against your competition.
If you are in the business of content creation than you too can be excited with me for finding this info!
The whole point of SEO in 2019 is CONTENT. It was before of course, but as we move forward, Google is giving more and more trust to websites that provide a good piece of content regularly.
I believe that I’ve said enough about the content itself and why you should focus more on it over backlinks and other metrics that you can get with Long Tail Pro.
This number tells you how many internal links from this page point to other pages on a domain.
I know that one of the good SEO practices is an internal linking structure. When I write my content, I try to focus on a big picture, something like a category, so that later on I can interlink my content.
When analyzing your competition, this is something you can take seriously. If you see that some of the competing websites have missed incorporating a good internal link structure, that means advantage you!
Good job Long Tail Pro. My face is smiling again.
And here we are at the last metric of in-depth competition analysis.
Plain and simple, it tells you how old is a website, and that’s it.
Even though Long Tail Pro has fascinated me with and its in-depth analysis, I found it to be a little bit too much for someone like me. You see, I am interested in finding right long tail keywords. I don’t know about you, but my priority with my business is content and rankings, not the competition analysis.
On the other hand, Jaaxy keyword research tool fills my need perfectly. Because of its simplicity and orientation towards long tail keyword research, at this point, I have to say that I give a point to Jaaxy even though it serves with fewer competition data. However, the competition data from Jaaxy is more than enough to make a wise decision.
This review is not over, so let’s see what else can Long Tail Pro offer to you!
SERP Analysis withing Long Tail Pro is a feature that I have explained under ‘In-Depth Keyword Competition Analysis’ headline.
Once you do keyword research, you will get an insight into all the metrics that I’ve mentioned so far. You can take a look at your competition to analyze keyword difficulty.
In comparison, Long Tail Pro is focused on backlinks mostly, while Jaaxy points to information which is more important in my mind. That is, the number of words within page ranked for a keyword.
I can advise you to use a little bit of both. However, as I’ve said already, I will focus on quantity over quality always.
All in all, SERP Analysis is necessary for every keyword research, so you better do it right or don’t do it at all. Both of the tools can help you get more or less the same data, so I give a point to each instrument for this category.
Like every other keyword research tool, this one can help you to see what keywords do your rank for at any time.
If you want to check your keyword rankings, enter your focus keyword of the article or a blog post, enter your domain as well, and hit the ADD button to get fresh insights into your results.
This feature of Long Tail Pro helps you to find out where do you stand in search engine results for that particular keyword. You can see have you improved your rankings or have they declined in real time.
I like to see how good or bad I rank for keywords. However, I wouldn’t take this too seriously, especially if you are a new website.
Rank Tracker can be a useful tool once you get a good deal of traffic coming to your website. Until then, the best thing is to stay focused on keywords research itself.
I will say that both Long Tail Pro and Jaaxy get one point each for this category.
Within this feature of Long Tail Pro, you can check any of your domains for backlinks. You can see how many of them you have on your website, and you can see from where they come.
This is a convenient feature. To be able to track your backlinks and compare them with the competition can be an advantage to your side.
As I’ve said, I’m not too much into backlinks structure. I did try to focus on this, but then I’ve realized that they come naturally. Because they will come to you as long as you keep pushing the content out there, I see no need to put any good deal of my attention to backlinks.
One of the best things that I’ve learned, actually I have only reinforced my existing knowledge, was how to give more attention to your content.
I’m a fan of a good content structure. The guys from Long Tail Pro have a couple of fantastic videos explaining Silo Method. This method teaches you how to link your content better. In a nutshell, Google values sites which can show authority in a specific area and which can show that by relating to their material.
A Silo Method is simple. Take my website for example. I’ve created a category ‘keyword research,’ and within that category, I’m determined to provide a good deal of relevant and useful articles. It not only helps to boost my rankings but also, it helps to show Google that my site is not just another blog. I can show authority by doing so.
All in all, if you are interested in learning more about keyword strategies, how to find more relevant keywords for your niche, and learn a few tricks on how to crush your competition, this section of Long Tail Pro will be of the most value to you.
While reviewing this feature of Long Tail Pro, I’ve realized that both LTP and Jaaxy have video training included. However, there is a vast difference between those two categories of these keyword research tools.
In my opinion, Jaaxy wins this category. If you want to learn keywords, you’ll have to learn more than just keywords. You’ll have to learn WordPress, content structure, keyword research, SEO, and a lot more. Long Tail Pro’s video tutorials are great as well, but they are more informative compared to Jaaxy’s training where you can learn how to use that same knowledge in practice which is, in my eyes, the best kind of experience there is.
Jaaxy comes free with Wealthy Affiliate University membership. That is the best place online to learn all there is about long tail keyword research.
I hope that you get my point so far because I am determined to help you find long tail keywords as well as to recommend a tool which can assist in the process.
Ok, let’s quickly check Long Tail Pro price and offers.
Long Tail Pro or Jaaxy?
Here you are at the end of my comparison review between Long Tail Pro and Jaaxy. Now, I’m going to summarize my experience with those two keyword research tools and give you my objective opinion which one do I recommend.
When we speak about keyword research itself and the ability to find long tail keywords both of those tools can fulfill your needs. Long Tail Pro is good, but I believe that Jaaxy can offer much more!
When I take a look into keyword competition analysis and SERP analysis, I think that LTP can provide you with much more information than Jaaxy can. If you are interest in looking into your competitions back yard more than your own, LTP is your tool!
If you are looking for a keyword research tool that is simple and straightforward, then Jaaxy is your tool!
The last thing I’m interested in these tools is the price of the service.
Long Tail Pro offers 7-day free trial which gives you 100 keyword searches for each of those seven days. Jaaxy, on the other hand, provides 30 searches and that’s all. After that, you have to purchase a membership to get unlimited access.
When I compare the starter plans for both tools, the difference in price is minor. If you are interested in using powerful long tail keywords finder in the long run, I think that Jaaxy is more than worthy of your money. Moreover, Jaaxy’s Pro plan is $18 cheaper than LTP’s.
In the end, my final recommendation is Jaaxy!
As I have mentioned at one point of this review, if you join Wealthy Affiliate, Jaaxy is included in monthly membership ($49/month).
Not only that, but you will get complete training on how to use this tool correctly and how to find an unlimited source of long tail keywords. Moreover, you will get two free websites to start your business, complete training on WordPress and content writing, 24/7 access to a live community of affiliate marketers, and much more!
I’m more than excited to invite you to join me at Wealthy Affiliate University to improve your online skills and finally learn how to master keyword research once and for all!
Hi, Barbara! I’m happy to hear that you find Jaaxy to be your favorite as well! 🙂 Long Tail Pro is also a good keyword research tool and as much as I enjoyed reviewing it, I also find that Jaaxy, together with Wealthy Affiliate, can offer much more! Enjoy your week!
Nice. Long tail is not bad at all. The only thing is that I have been using jaaxy and it works super well for me just like you highlighted that you get a lot of benefits by using it.
I am using it free since I am in Wealthy Affiliate and I am glad to have this benefit.
Hi Thabo, I agree with you, man. I’m a fan of keyword research and having two good tools working side by side is not a bad decision. But, Jaaxy is simple and straightforward, and that’s what you need for your research!
It’s always good to test out new tools to see if they are going to be a better fit for your business Ivan!
I personally use Jaaxy myself for my keyword research and have always found it to suit my needs and is way better than a lot of more expensive tools, and it looks like this is the case here as well!
Very detailed review, though, but I will be sticking with Jaaxy!
Hi John, I’m happy to help you make a good decision. 🙂 Long Tail is not so bad, but Jaaxy can deliver more long tail keywords which are my main point in research. Thanks for stopping by. Enjoy!
Hi Rose, 🙂 it’s not bad to see other tools just to reassure yourself that Jaaxy is the best. I’m happy to hear that you are doing fine with it, that’s why I’m recommending it.
This is fascinating and quality information. I am quite new to this and learned many little details and useful ideas from your post.
I am new to online business, and I started with Wealthy Affiliates which promotes Jaaxy. So i never knew that there is similar product such as Long Tail Pro until i read your post. Will try out the Jaaxy for a start first which comes with the Premium Membership by WA. Later when I write more post and if all the key words suggested by Jaaxy is not helping me in my website ranking, then probably it will be time to try Long Tail Pro. Thanks much for the very detailed sharing on Long Tail Pro.
Hi Jeffrey, it’s great to hear that you find Jaaxy to be your primary keyword tool. 🙂 Long Tail Pro is not bad. However, I recommend you to stick with Jaaxy and Wealthy Affiliate because you get full training on how to use the tool, find long tail keywords, and more! If you have any questions, feel free to ask.
Thank you for your exceptional article about Long Tail Pro Review 2019…i love it!
Personally, I use Jaxxy, and I find it great and easy to use, but all the time is good to be informed and up to date with different alternatives. I will check your website again for more interesting reviews. Well done. | 2019-04-22T06:30:55Z | https://freeaffiliatemarketingbusiness.com/long-tail-review-is-jaaxy-better-alternative |
Minimum rental period of 1 year.
This 3 bedroom apartment is located in the 1st district of Paris between the Louvre Museum and the Rue Saint Honoré, in the famous rue du Louvre. In an art-deco building constructed in 1910 (designed by the famous architect Frantz Jourdain), the apartment has been completely renovated in the Parisian luxury style.
This property of 125 square meters has three balconies overlooking the Louvre. The entrance directly gives onto the dining area, with the living room on the left and the fully equipped kitchen on the right.
If you take the corridor on the right of the entrance, you can find the suite with the first bedroom, its bathroom and toilets. When you continue in this corridor, the second toilets will be on the left, then the second bathroom and finally the two last bedrooms on each side at the end of the corridor.
The first bedroom has a double bed, and the two others are equipped with queen-size beds; one of them is convertible into two single beds. The first bathroom is equipped with a shower and a washbasin; the other bathroom has a shower, a bathtub, a washbasin and a washer/dryer.
The apartment is located 50 meters away from the metro station Louvre-Rivoli (line 1).
This property was perfection. The listing was through and accurate; the space was in sparkling condition. The apartment is centrally located next to the Louvre, making it easy to walk everywhere. The flat is well-equipped with everything one might need to cook - as we did multiple times during our stay. The layout of the flat is also excellent - the master bedroom and the 2 additional bedrooms are down the hall from one another, giving everyone some space.
Glama Paris provided excellent customer service: they were highly responsive, proactive and welcoming. I would rent any of their properties without hesitation given the high standard of service and the quality of their property portfolio. Absolutely recommend both this apartment and Glama Paris - they will be my go-to first choice in planning future trips to Paris.
The location can't be any better unless you just don't want to be in downtown Paris. You are literally across the street from the Louvre Museum and within walking distance of many other landmarks. The Rivoli metro stop is a mere 150 feet away from the front door and takes you anywhere else you want to go in Paris. There's a supermarket one block away and little bakeries and green grocers nearby if you don't want to go the supermarket route.
The apartment itself was beautiful. Very authentic Parisian yet updated for modern comfortable convenience. The AC was a must for us and all the bedrooms have AC as well as the dining room. The bed rooms are away from the road so you don't hear any street noise. The clothes dryer doesn't vent to the outside so you have to remove and empty the water collector after each dry cycle. Just FYI as it took us three days to figure this out. Beds were comfortable and so were the bathrooms. The rain showers were great.
The Glamaparis team was always friendly and available and helped us with printing out flight tickets, concert tickets, etc. and their office is actually just a few blocks away.
The only reason I'm marking it 4 instead of 5 stars was the cleanliness of the apartment. Whoever is cleaning that place isn't doing a very good job. Windows weren't clean, one of the balconies had a soda bottle ashtray on it still, and there was dirt and debris under the couch. All in all it was a great place to stay and we very much enjoyed it.
Would love to call this beautiful place "Home"
We felt like we were living the life of very lucky Parisians! I have mobility issues so it was very important that we find a place with an elevator and this place fit the bill. The lift is tiny (fits 2 people or 1 person and 1 bag) but was very reliable. Paul met us upon our arrival and assisted us with ferrying the luggage up to the 5th floor. He then went through the apartment and explained all features and made sure we understood the TV's and internet. The apartment was just beautiful, very well appointed while being very comfortable. Our son and his wife and 2 year old joined us and it was wonderful to have our own kitchen and large dining room table and don't forget the washer and dryer! The 2 year old had plenty of space to run and it was so nice to all be together rather in separate hotel rooms - this makes for a completely different visit. The bedrooms are a bit snug (by American standards) but 4 adults and a toddler did just great. The street out front is very busy and noisy but the apartment is very quiet--we did not hear the street noise or any neighbors. Location is great with a market with everything you need a short block away. Be sure to have Paul give you the name of the car service that speaks English. They picked us up for our return flights right on time in a beautiful vehicle and helped my husband with the luggage. We would definitely stay at this beautiful place again and we highly recommend it.
We stayed at the apartment on Rue du Louvre in May. We had a total of five adults in 3 bedrooms – two couples and a mother in law. This was the perfect set up for our group as there are two sleeping wings so we stayed on one side and our friends and their mother stayed in the other wing. It was nice to have two separate private areas. Our room had a private bath. Although it was a small bathroom, there were deep drawers so all of my beauty products fit without taking up valuable counter space. The shower is a bit odd in that it faces out to the bedroom. It’s also a bit small so be prepared. We had a slight issue with the water not draining very well so we just took shorter showers. There is a split bathroom in the other wing which had a great tub and larger shower and a washer and dryer. We made great use of the whole apartment, as we cooked breakfast most mornings and sat around the living room in the afternoons while enjoying wine and cheese before we headed out to dinner each evening. It really felt like home.
The location is perfect. I’ve stayed in several areas in Paris, and this was by far the best. It is so easy to get anywhere and everything’s such an easy walk! Even our friend’s mom who had never traveled overseas before felt comfortable going out on her own, as the neighborhood surrounding the apartment had cute stores with friendly staff. I unfortunately had to work a bit while here, and I had no issue with the wifi. Working with Glama Paris was easy and they were very professional. All in all, we had an amazing trip! If you have any additional questions on our stay you may reach out to me directly.
The apartment was perfect for our stay in Paris with two children (6yrs and 2yrs) as well as my parents. It is a fantastic size, larger than we had expected with good sized living, dining and kitchen spaces. It is newly renovated and is decorated beautifully. The lift is very small - large enough for 2 adults but is all that is needed so that you don't have to walk up five flights of stairs or cart luggage up stairs. The location is fantastic - steps away from a Metro stop, bus stop literally on the door step, the Louvre only across the road and surrounded by some great eating - including perfect crepes. The apartment configuration having two of the bedrooms separated from the other master bedroom was perfect for us as it meant we could have ourselves and the children away from my parents. There is a very good sized family bathroom with separate WC and good washer / dryer also. Views from the living space are lovely. The only downside was the wooden floors were quite loud and with children wanting to run up / down the hall I was a bit concerned about the neighbours but there were no complaints. I dealt with Samia from Glamaparis for this booking and she was excellent, meeting us on the Sunday evening to show us in and give us the briefing. Everything was perfect - thanks.
From the start my experience with renting this property was excellent. The responses from the representative for the apartment at GlamaParis [GP] were very prompt and helpful and respectful. GP handled the negotiations with the owner and worked out all the details smoothly and competently. GP assisted us with locating transportation from CDG Airport. The GP representative, Samia, met us promptly on our arrival at the apartment where she gave us a tour of the apartment and all the details regarding appliances, etc. which were very clean and modern. When I had questions, GP responded promptly. We never felt stranded or without resources when we needed them.
The apartment had a spacious living room and dining room and kitchen with modern appliances and was well stocked with pots, pans, dishes, etc. The bedrooms were off to other side of the apartment which meant it was quiet in the bedrooms even when kids or the TV were playing in the living room or watching TV.
The entry way and elevator were small though utterly charming. As you rode the elevator, you could see stained glass scenes at each level.
The location of the apartment was amazingly convenient to everything---half a block from the Metro, a short walk to the Marais, the Pompidou; just behind the Louvre. There were playgrounds galore for the kids and a boulangerie and two grocery stores and drug store within a block and a half. Also great restaurants in this location, as well.
I would certainly return to this apartment and work with GlamaParis again!
This is the perfect vacation home!
This ideally situated apartment is the perfect home-away-from-home for your family! My family enjoyed its beautiful interior, its prime location, the ease of dealing with the management team, and the amenities offered. We especially enjoyed the bistro two doors down! We would book this site again in a heartbeat!
Fabulous apartment in a gorgeous building. It's centrally located which was great for getting around on foot or by train. The spacious lounge was fabulous for kicking back with a glass of wine after a long day sight seeing. The beds were super comfy and the apartment had everything you needed - dishwasher, washing machine, dryer, air conditioning, central heating, free phone calls and more. GLAMAPARIS (booking agents) were wonderful to deal with. Would highly recommend this apartment for service, facilities and location.
A great way to visit Paris!
None of us had stayed in this neighborhood previously, and were skeptical. But it turned out to be an ideal location, walkable to most of the parts of the city we wanted to see. The apartment itself is very comfortable, light, and well-equipped. Very spacious. There is a good amount of traffic on the Rue du Louvre, but the bedrooms are at the back, so very quiet for sleeping. Agency staff were very accomodating, helpful, and communicative both before and after our stay, and when they greeted us the first day to familiarize us with the apartment. I would absolutely rent again.
Over the years, we have rented from many properties on VRBO, but all have paled in comparison to this flat. The pictures and description do not do it justice. The apartment is beautifully decorated, stocked with all necessities and the location is impossible to beat. Samia from GLAMPARIS was friendly, incredibly helpful, and even recommended our first delicious lunch at GLADINES, which was scrumptious. The apartment is ideally suited for families of all ages (we stayed with our two children, ages 6 and 10 and my parents) We will most certainly be renting here again and will be recommending to all our friends and families.
Having stayed in many VRBO listings, I have found that reality does not match the photos. NOT here. The flat was exactly as described. It was wonderful. The beds were comfortable. The bedrooms were spacious. The living area was large and open making it possible for us to relax and enjoy the street sounds below after a long day of sightseeing. The kitchen had everything we needed, and the building itself was beautiful. Glamaparis is an outstanding management company to work with if you are at all nervous about renting so far away from home. I have only one final item to note. If you are hoping to fall off your balcony into fine dining and scores of cafes, this is not the best location in Paris. We were there to visit Versailles, museums, and gardens, and the Metro was just steps away. This made it absolutely perfect for my family of six.
The apartment was roomy, very clean and we definitely needed the air conditioning during our stay. We were half a block away from the subway. Very close to a lot of museums and attractions we visited. Great restaurants and bakeries within walking distance. It was perfect size for our family of four. Wish the Master bathroom is a little bigger ( shower) otherwise we were very pleased with our stay. Will definitely stay here again.
We had a wonderful vacation in Paris. The apartment was beautiful and suited our needs perfectly. And with the heat wave in early July, the air conditioning was a big plus. The location is perfect; it is in walking distance to so many great restaurants and other activities. Only real complaint is the washer/dryer... not very good at drying.
Everything about this apartment was perfect!!
This apartment exceeded our expectations. Secure and beautiful entryway, spacious living room, dining room and kitchen, comfortable furniture and beds. Air conditioning quiet and consistent. Plenty of closet space for clothing and luggage storage and all the amenities we wanted. The listing description was accurate in all respects. The property was clean, well maintained and all appointments appear to be quite new. Glamaparis account manager, Paul Barraud de Lagerie was prompt, kind and very helpful. The location is ideal for walking to many of the major landmarks and, when necessary, we found the metro and buses very easy to use. Plenty of restaurants nearby as well as grocery stores, bakeries and cheese shops. We visited many of the iconic landmarks and several restaurants. Highly recommend attending a mass at Notre Dame. I am not a practicing Catholic but was still very moved by it. Please note that the dryer functions like a dehumidifier and has a water reservoir that needs to be emptied regularly. I would most definitely recommend this property to friends and relatives. Do not hesitate to book it!!
We had an absolutely amazing stay at this apartment. I was traveling with my two girlfriends, so we each got our own room, which was ideal. There was plenty of storage for the mass amounts of clothes we brought (we tend to over pack). The apartment itself is gorgeous with modern furnishings. The apartment is very spacious! The process of booking the apartment was pretty seamless and the gentleman who met us the day of our arrival was very helpful with checking us in and ensuring all of our questions were answered. Having the elevator was very convenient - although it really only fits two people comfortably, but it was nice to have when transporting our luggage.
The location of the apartment was ideal - right across from the Louvre and a few steps away from a metro stop. The apartment was clean and well-maintained. I would definitely recommend this property to a relative or a friend.
We enjoyed getting cheese and wine from the grocery store down the street and having our own happy hour at the apartment. We walked to many of the major attractions in Paris from the apartment. We also enjoyed taking the Batobus on the Seine.
The only odd thing about this apartment is that the shower is literally in the master bedroom, you can see from the pictures - how this could be awkward.
Overall, I would highly recommend staying at this great apartment. We were very sad to leave!!
Wow! My family stayed in this beautiful apartment for 1 week. There was plenty of room for all 6 of us. This place is as beautiful if not more than the pictures on this site. The location is correct. The property was clean and newly renovated. The lift was very small but handy after 5 miles a day in Paris. The decor was traditional French. Wonderful wood floors,12 foot ceilings, moldings everywhere, and large french doors letting in all kinds of light. The beds were firm, we all loved them. The queen bed in one of the back bedrooms splits into 2 singles. There were shears and thick curtains in all of the bedrooms. The closet size in the bedrooms vary. The bigger the bedroom the smaller the closet. The closets have both hanging dowels and drawers. There is plenty of room to store suitcases and coats in the entry closets. The bathtub is a soaking tub. Watch out, the shower pipes get very, very hot. 1 roll of toilet paper for each bathroom was provided. The toilet seat in the bedroom was loose. We received the wrong access number to the WIFI in our welcome contract. After 1 phone call we received the correct number. During check-in make sure you make them thoroughly explain the use of the stove, clothes washing machine and dryer (we never could work the dryer), phone and WIFI (you have to reboot it every time/ not really a problem). We thought we understood how to work it all but alas operator error plagued us. The location is great for walking the whole city. There is a metro station less then a block away. There are only 2 units per floor. The tenants in the building were very nice. It is a quiet building but the construction scaffolding suggested noise to come. The neighborhood felt very safe, even at night. Just 2 blocks away there is a great bakery (Julien's) and produce market (across he street) on St Honore heading towards the Marais. Do not pass up the chance to stay here!
Wonderful Apartment - Amazing Location!
We recently stayed here during our Christmas stay in Paris. It was myself my husband and our two boys, my parents and my sister and we had plenty of space. The apartment is beautiful and very comfortable. We spent a bunch of time at the big dining room table visiting and eating. The apartment was very clean and well maintained.
The property management company provided excellent service - they were very friendly and helpful. Their office is a short way from the apartment, so when we needed to print passes to the Eiffel Tower, they let us come over and use their printers. They went out of their way to make our stay pleasant.
We would HIGHLY recommend this apartment - our experience was perfect!
From the moment I emailed with the owner about the apartment, I knew it would be great. Both he and the management company were extremely enthusiastic, prompt and helpful. The apartment itself is fantastic! The main rooms (kitchen, dining room, living room and foyer) are huge! It is well laid out so everybody has their own space but then the communal spaces are big and open. The location of the apartment is perfect- the metro is literally 50 steps from the door and is on a line that makes it easy to get anywhere. It is also a great central location for walking and great access for runs along the Seine. The property management company was extremely helpful in setting us up with whatever we needed for our stay (ie, grocery store recommendations, transfers from airport etc) and made anything having to do with the apartment and the logistics super easy. We would definitely rent again!
Apartment was very spacious and clean. The individual who helped check us in was very helpful and nice. I would stay there again in a minute!
This is a great apartment to rent for Paris. It is centrally located - half a block from part of the Louvre, half a block from the Metro, and about 2-3 blocks from the bus stop for Bus #69. The elevator for the apartment is indeed really small (fits 2 adults snugly), but it is efficient. The apartment itself is lovely. The living room has a balcony big enough to sit on, and you can see the Louvre from there. The kitchen is very modern, and the fridge is quite large for European kitchens. The bedrooms are big enough - note that one bedroom has 2 beds (twin?) that were pushed together. The other rooms had one bed in each (queen size). The bathroom in the "master bedroom" is interesting since the shower is technically in the bedroom. And yes, there is no soap holder or any other ledge, so we had to balance things on the levers for the shower head. The other bathroom has the washer and dryer, which do work.
This apartment has nice wood floors and lovely details. We appreciated that it was very clean and that we were greeted there by Paul to go over the agreement, etc. He did give us tips on grocery stores (supermarches) and bakeries (boulangeries). There are 2 very good boulangeries on Rue St. Honore around the corner. The nearest grocery store is also only about 2 blocks away. And if you want to go sit by the Seine, that is only about 2 blocks away as well.
All in all, this is a great apartment! We loved the convenience of it and definitely recommend it to anyone staying in Paris.
This is an amazing apartment that is located in the perfect spot to access easily many attractions and a convenient metro stop. The apartment is in a safe, lovely neighborhood with wonderful restaurants, bakeries, cafes all within 1-2 blocks. The apartment was clean and comfortable. We would ABSOLUTELY come again and recommend without hesitation to anyone traveling to Paris!
Wonderful Paris apartment in the perfect location!
We were so lucky to be able to stay in this lovely, spacious apartment located just one block from the back of the Louvre and 2 blocks from the Seine. This apartment had been recommended by friends who had stayed there in October. We were not disappointed!! It was the perfect spot to be able to safely & easily walk to so many attractions. The photo you see on the website if the actual view you see from the 5th floor balcony!
The management team met us promptly at the apartment. I was happy I had entered her cellphone number into my iPhone so it made texting her very easy once we arrived. I also had the office number to contact when we ran into a problem by somehow "locking" the washing machine so it would not work! (We had pushed one too many buttons!?!) The problem was quickly fixed later that day. The apartment was immaculate and had everything we needed to make our stay comfortable. The washer & dryer came in handy as well as hairdryers in both bathrooms. There was an electric coffee pot with filters which was nice to have. The BIG bounus was having free telephone calls to the US available on the landline! We did not do any cooking of meals but there was very adequate and nice kitchen ware, dishes, & the ever important wine glasses with a dishwasher to do clean up! The showers could use stick-on soap dishes since there is no where to set anything so it was a bit nuance for all of us. The small elevator was helpful with the luggage and at the end of a long day of sightseeing but we usually tried to climb the stairs! The nearby Le Fumoir restaurant was so fabulous that we dined there two nights. There were small grocery stores and Boulangerie's around the corner on rue Saint Honore' so we were easily able to obtain breakfast items, take out meals, cheese, baguettes & good wines. It would work great for a group of ladies who travel together and could share the expense. But I think the glass wall of shower in the master bed room could be covered somehow if it wasn't a couple sharing the room though. The location made it worth every cent as far as we were concerned! The Notre Dame, Seine river walk, Louvre, the Orsay were all within walking distance. There was a bus stop right infront of the entrance & the Metro was once block away and we used both easily. The biggest help was having a four day Museum Pass that allowed us to walk pass the long lines everytime. Just followed Rick Steve's book! We've recommended this apartment to many of our friends.
My husband and I stayed at this apartment with my mother-in-law, father-in-law, and sister-in-law. There was plenty of room for all of us. The elevator was very much appreciated, especially since my in-laws are older. It is very small, two adults max, but quick. The apartment is on the sixth floor american (fifth european). It has lots of natural light. The dishwasher, washing machine and dryer worked great. There are directions for using the washer and dryer in english posted near them. My husband and I stayed in the bedroom with it's own bathroom. There was a great shower, but it was basically in the bedroom, made of glass, so not for the shy! My husband likes a firm bed, and I like soft, but we both found our bed to be comfortable. The wifi is great. The location is hard to beat. Lots of restaurants, food shops, grocery stores, and a metro close by. We walked to the left bank, Notre Dame, and of course the Louvre, easily. The only improvement I could think of was there needs to be something you can put your soap into in the showers. We bought a little soap holder that we attached with suction cups in the shower and that helped a lot. Loved our stay and loved Paris!
This was my first vacation rental and it hadn't been reviewed, so I was very nervous about it. That said, it turned out very well. The apartment was true to its description. One of the best things: air conditioning. I was told that AC was not necessary in Paris, but we were there in July during a heat wave, and it was very much appreciated.
The apartment had great living space, a smallish but adequate kitchen with all the necessities (coffee maker, refrigerator, utensils, cork screw), excellent storage space, and such a good location: just diagonal to the Louvre. The neighborhood was quiet at night.
The check in was easy, and Paul, the person in charge of our rental, came out early to meet us there with all the lease papers.
We had asked for mid-week maid service, but it didn't come, the only glitch. Turns out we really didn't need it.
The washer/drier was a little finicky and couldn't handle very large loads, a bigger deal to my wife who likes to wash towels a lot.
Always the skeptic, I waited to write this review to make sure there weren't any extra charges on my credit card, but everything went as agreed. I would recommend this place to a larger family.
My husband and two grown daughters were fortunate to be able to stay in this magnificent apartment at the end of May. Although we started to plan our trip in January, most of my favorite hotels were already booked (French Open), and my daughter suggested that we rent an apartment. We found this apartment online, so I was a little skeptical, but it was the best decision we ever made.
The reviews and photos just seemed too good to be true; however, this apartment lived up to every positive comment and exceeded our expectations. It seems redundant to repeat all the great things others have said about this apartment; the location is beyond great, the spaciousness of the apartment is wonderful -- perfect for a family or good friends to relax together in the living room or allow for privacy in the bedrooms toward the back of the apartment. The contemporary kitchen and bathrooms are a nice contrast to the beautiful wood floors, mantles and other lovely architectural details. It’s extremely clean and the beds were very comfortable; lots of closet space, too. Everything you need is provided (kitchen and bath), and we appreciated the Wi-Fi -- Every detail was considered. Even past renters left their tour books and converters for future renters.
On the practical side, we saved a lot of money by staying in the apartment (vs. a hotel) and especially appreciated the flexibility in preparing breakfast (everyone on a different schedule) or just snacking on wine, cheese and fruit later in the day. There is a great little food shop a block away where the clerks were very friendly and helpful, even though our French was terrible.
I also want to commend the staff at GlamaParis. Mehgan and Paul were very professional and extremely helpful, responding immediately to all our emails and inquiries. They made the whole rental easy and efficient. The owner also sent a lovely email when we first began the rental process.
All in all, it was just a wonderful experience. If I plan another trip to Paris, I will schedule it around the availability of this apartment – Just fabulous!
What a wonderful apartment and great location. The apartment is very spacious and well appointed. We loved being able to walk short distances to some of the "must see" Paris attractions.
Thanks so much for all of your help at check-in time letting us store our luggage at your office until we could check in. This way, we didn't miss a day seeing your beautiful city.
WE WILL BE BACK and now know we can count on you for our rental place.
My husband and I returned along with 2 other couples and once again had a wonderful time staying in this lovely apt.We discovered additional awesome restaurants and shops very close by. We were within walking distance to the office of Cityrama tours which provides fabulous options for sightseeing too. O Chateau wine tastings/ bar also in walking distance. The apartment is very well equipped and is so convenient to the metro, bus etc. The Staff are all most helpful with any questions. We highly endorse this apartment!
Amazing location - loads of lovely restaurants and shops very close by and food market just round the corner on sundays, only 10/15 min walk to Marais, 5 mins to the louvre and only 1 minute from the metro.
Very comfy beds and pillows (always slept really well here) huge tv in the living room, washing machine AND dryer which is very handy for long stays, wifi internet, house phone - everything you could need.
Also the agency is very helpful with any questions or problems. Would def recommend this property to friends and family.
It's always a little nerve-wracking to rent an apartment sight unseen but the moment we walked into 16 Rue de Louvre, we knew we had made a great choice. It is spacious and attractive with everything our family of six needed to feel comfortable during our week-long Paris visit. The location is great. We found two neighborhood groceries right around the corner as well a good bakery. We were a little worried that the location might be a bit "touristy" since it was near the Louvre, but it really is the best of both worlds: just a few steps to the Louvre and two Metro stops in one direction but also within a couple of blocks of the charming Les Halles neighborhood with its many small cafes and restaurants filled with mostly local patrons. Quick note: We loved that the apartment is directly above the green Deluc Detective agency sign so prominently displayed in Woody Allen's most recent film, Midnight in Paris).
The apartment's management team was helpful and efficient. They arranged a van to pick us up at the airport as well as bring us to the train station. A little pricey but worth it for a family after a 10 hour flight on Bastille Day!
Other positive points:Used the Wifi and free land-line calls to the US and Paris without any glitches. Well-appointed kitchen, wonderful balcony views, and spaciousness that allowed everyone to have their own space. And of course the charming wrought-iron elevator that was so appreciated after a day of sightseeing.
This renovated apartment has sophisticated modern black and white decor in a lovely older building with hardwood floors and French doors leading to balconies. My husband and I stayed there for a week with our 2 college age grandchildren; it was within easy distance not only of the Louvre, but also other museums and attractions, shopping, the metro, and restaurants. (We highly recommend Le Fumoir, less than a block away). The grandchildren particularly appreciated the internet capability which allowed them to use their laptops and the phone service which allowed them to talk to their significant others in the US.
We found having an apartment so much more enjoyable than a hotel. While we ate out at least once a day, we kept bread, wine, cheese, fruit, coffee, etc. so that we could have breakfast and simple meals there.(There is a small market close by, as well as a patisserie for delicious eclairs).
It's also nice to have the space to relax in the living room, play cards in the dining room, or retire to a bedroom when you wish.
Just one thing: the "master" bedroom and bath is the smallest and least desirable, with a very small shower in the bedroom. The other bedrooms and bath were more commodious.
We would certainly recommend this property, and the GlamParis people who manage it. We thoroughly enjoyed our stay.
I had chance to stay in above property from 31/7/2010-7/8/2010. I'm very happy of the excellent arrangement of the management Glam Paris and thier staff namely Karoline & her assistance . They waited for us till 9 PM because of the unusual traffic jam. They been very helpful, also they arranged taxi to pick me & my family up to airport. The appartment is really luxury andvery clean, it's location is excellent because it is close to shops , restaurants , Metro station is only 50 meters you can go every way, also very close to famous Louvre.
The apartment is quite even the street is busy, very safe, also it is airconditioned so you have to worry about hot weather this year.the furniture is new and confrtable. Kichen is equiped with every thing necessary for cookink , large frig, ang excellent washing machine & dryer. you can connect your computer to DSL cennection(free). In fact me &my family like this apartment , we sayed in different propeties in Paris before, but this property is much better, I recomend it to every family and I prefer to stay in the same apartment nexs vacation in Paris .
We had a group of 6 people ranging from 13 yrs old to 70 years old. We decided to stay in an apartment so that we could have a place to socialize while taking an occasional break from touring. It was a wonderful choice. If grandma or grandpa needed a little nap, the rest of us could either rest or go next door to a bistro and grab a glass of wine or have a little afternoon wine and cheese in our own apartment. The apartment was very large and had a wonderful dining room with a large table. The wireless internet worked fine. We struggled a little with the washer/dryer until we figured it out. The bathrooms are tiny, but that is just nitpicking. Overall it was a wonderful place to stay and we would definitely recommend it!
We thoroughly enjoyed our recent stay in this beautiful home away from home! Well appointed with all the comforts and stylishly decorated, this place was an oasis. with a view of the Louvre from the balcony. The modern kitchen allowed us to dine in comfortably with grocery and pastry/bakery shops minutes away, or we ventured out in any direction for wonderful bistros again all within the block. Shopping was also easily accessed on foot. Located centrally and within easy walking distance of so many wonderful sites it was perfect for my family of 6! Also, close to metro stops and our favorite- bus routes, we managed to travel about with ease! The taxi service they referred us to also was prompt and courteous for arrival and departure. We have definitely told all our friends that this is THE place to stay while in Paris and we are already planning our return!
We were three mature couples spending a long weekend in Paris in May 2010. For hotels rooms of this standard we would have had to pay more than we did here. One upside was that we had a kitchen, and a table to sit around together in the evenings. With the great shops for quality food and wine in the rue Montorgueuil, relatively near by, we ended up lunching out and dining in.There is a baker just around the corner for breakfast stuff. We like cooking when in France, and it saves a lot of money. There is however a good choice of restaurants very near the apartment. We had Sunday lunch at one-michelin-star Yam'tcha, just a minute away. Recommended!
The people from the company that run the property were very friendly and helpful. To keep up the standard the owner/company will need to check on things systematically. The carpet under the dining table needs to be cleaned/replaced. And for cooking more good knives are needed. And a good tin opener (for confit de canard!).
We absolutely recommend this appartment. The location could hardly be better, and the bedrooms are at the back, away from the street noise.
We have booked thru VRBO several times and have never been disappointed. The central location of this apartment was perfect along with the apartment itself. It's a 100 year old beautiful building with modern furnishings, lighting, and baths. Minor issues? Sure. But that's all a part of the charm of living in the heart of an old city in an old building. There were 6 of us and all very comfortable. The down comforters on the beds are wonderful and plenty of privacy for all. And our contact person was very helpful whenever needed, both during our trip planning and upon arrival.
What a treat to experience Paris from the heart of it all. There are several bakeries, markets, restaurants and crepe stands without even having to cross the street. And then to cross the street and there is the Louvre...To be able to cut through the courtyards of the Louvre as a shortcut to other parts of the city has got to be one of the most amazing feelings. Worth the price? Absolutely. Would we come again and stay in this same apartment? In a heartbeat. Merci and Au revoir!
Our stay in your beautiful apartment was wonderful. Accommodated 6 women very well.
The location, furnishings and the balcony made our stay very comfortable and the central location is perfect. The apartment is large, clean and appropriately equipped for visitors. We enjoyed the balconies at dusk every day and the view of the louvre makes you want to pinch yourself to say "yes, we are really here".
We will be recommending the apartment to some friends who our planning a future trip to Paris.
Everything as expected and advertised. Very large apartment with nice modern furnishings. Great water pressure and lots of hot water, plenty for five people showering in succession. Wireless internet worked without a problem. Perfect location with anything you could need in walking distance. Overall a really nice apartment and experience.
This apartment in Paris is incredible! I have been to many in Paris and this one takes the cake. It is so spacious and roomy. It has plenty of room for 6 people. We had 2 children with us and it was perfect. There is a park around the corner and a plenty of food choices right out the door. It is so centrally located. The metro is steps away. I would stay in this apartment again in a heartbeat.
Our family so enjoyed this beautiful apartment in March 2009. It is spacious, very clean, beautiful hardwood floors and good bathrooms. I would stay there again for sure! It is a stones throw from the Louvre and there is a wonderful bakery just around the corner. The best thing about this apartment is the fabulous location! It was much better than staying in a hotel.
My family and I recently rented this apartment for five days after Christmas. The location was great, near a metro stop and so close to the Louvre we could see it from our balcony. There was plenty of space for all six adults to spread out. A large dining room table and a comfortable living room made it great for having a night in. I would recommend this apartment and I would stay in it during future trips to Paris.
This spacious, luxurious apartment is situated just across the street from the Louvre Museum, the metro and the Seine River. It has beautiful views from its balconies. It is in the heart of Paris and yet is very quiet because it is located on the 5th floor. The property manager , Camilla, was fantastic and took care of any of our concerns immediately. The only inconvenient situation we encountered was the elevator was out of service and undergoing repairs.
You can easily walk to many attractions, shops, restaurants, groceries or hop on the metro and be at your destination in minutes. A good tour agency is conveniently located just a few blocks away for any day/evening tours you'd like to reserve such as the Moulin Rouge Dinner Show or Versailles. Get the Paris Museum Pass and Metro pass to enjoy unlimited rides on the metro and free admission to over 60 museums. You also get to use special entrances to skip lthe long waiting lines.
Our 3 children, ages 15, 16 & 22 loved the apartment and the many amenities such as flat screen TV's, free internet access, clothes washer and dryer, and ironing board. The top of the line gourmet kitchen and beautiful apartment furnishings are impressive. There are plenty of fresh linens and starter supplies such as bathroom tissue, paper towels, detergents, etc. All the rooms were spotless clean and newly renovated.
We highly recommend this great apartment and look forward to staying there again.
This apartment exceeded our expectations! It is very large, especially by European standards, and fit our family of 5 adults perfectly. The location is absolutely ideal for exploring Paris – the Metro stop is less than a block away, the Louvre can be seen from the apartment’s balconies, and there is easy access to shopping, restaurants, and cultural sites. This is particularly helpful on the nights when the Louvre is open late and less crowded than normal! The apartment itself is well equipped with amenities such as a full kitchen, two full baths (one with a shower, one with both a shower and a tub), a large dining table, and three bedrooms with queen beds. Everything was in outstanding condition. The only drawback to the apartment during our visit was the lack of working elevator – it is a fair climb up the stairs, but nothing that was not manageable. My sister was even 4 months pregnant during our stay and did just fine. I would eagerly recommend this apartment to anyone looking for a wonderful experience in Paris! | 2019-04-26T03:50:25Z | https://glamaparis.com/en/1300-louvre/9997?siteSection=tenant |
A picture of a little girl dressed in white, sitting calmly on a tiny studio chair; with an innocent face, eyes full of curiosity and a faint smile – that’s what the world sees now.
But it isn’t the whole story. As she grew up, she was told a secret by her parents – that right before the moment that this picture was clicked, she had fallen. And she had tears in her eyes. Afraid of what had happened. Lying on the ground. Not knowing how to pick herself up. She was one year old after all. And there were many lessons that were yet to be learned.
But she was surrounded by people that she loved. She was picked up by her mother and made to try one more time. To give it one more shot. And that’s when she succeeded at it – smiling again, ready to strike a pose, observing everything that was around her.
She was a girl who needed very little to be happy – a glass of Cola, her mom’s gentle embrace, her dad’s piggyback rides and watching WWE with her brother. She was protected, just like a little princess.
Years passed by, and as she grew older, life became harder. She made a lot of friends but was able to keep very few. She had to travel all over the world and call a new place home every now and then. She had to learn how to speak in different languages and make change her best friend.
Change – that was the biggest challenge. It was like having to be a new person. It meant having to let go of things – sometimes completely and sometimes in parts. So, she learned how to say “goodbye” more than how to say “hello”.
With every adventure, she grew stronger. She was able to wipe away the tears by herself. Able to conquer the fear of failure. Able to fight to get back up every time she fell.
With time, everything around her became a little more different. The world became a little more complex. And she wasn’t protected as much anymore, because she stayed oceans away from the ones who had picked her up for the very first time.
But, there’s one thing that she could never forget – that one secret that she was told by her parents. It reminded her of how important it was to never give up. To always have hope in her heart. To believe in herself and also in the universe, even though it worked in the strangest ways.
And that’s what made her come so far. It’s what made her bold enough to make her own decisions. To make mistakes. To learn from them. To know how to do the right thing. To dare to challenge the impossible.
They were still the true source of joy for her, those little things – the Cola, the embrace and watching shows. The only thing that changed, was how valuable they had become.
She realized how important being loved was. How fortunate she was to have something that great. She was now wiser, that little girl dressed in white. And she continued to wear it with pride – that faint smile. She knew that she had come far from where she had started her journey. But she also knew that another adventure awaited her and that a new story had just begun.
Of course, life would knock her down again. But this time, she would be ready.
Tall, happy and bright yellow – that’s exactly how I would describe it. We shared a special bond, since we had grown up together. I still remember the day we had first met.
It was in September-my favorite month. Favorite because it meant that my birthday was near. I was sitting on the big red sofa in our living room and waiting for the doorbell to ring. And as soon as the clock struck 12, it did. I ran as fast as I could and swung the door open.
Before me stood a tall medium sized package, wrapped beautifully in shiny green. And right next to it was my father.
“Happy Birthday Son!” – he had said. I hugged him and quickly started to unwrap the mysterious present.
And as I did, I started to think- Could it be the giant toy tractor that I had asked for when we went to the mall? Was it the cool new videogame that I had heard about in school?Or maybe it was a box full of my favorite candy!
After a few minutes, I found out what it was – a mini oak tree. Not the tractor, Not the videogame and not the box full of candy. A tree – that’s all it was.
Now I knew that I should have been happy, but honestly, I wasn’t. Not because I hadn’t gotten what I wanted, but simply because I didn’t really know what to do with it. I stood there staring at it- trying to solve the mystery.
“Hey champ!”, said my father.
“I know this isn’t really what you were hoping for. And you probably don’t know why I got you this yet. But let me tell you, this is your new best friend. And he’s going to stay with you forever and teach you all about life, even when I’m not around.
“Of course son.” he said with a smile.
That was it. My first encounter with my dear companion and my last conversation with my dad. And ever since, the tiny oak tree became one of my most precious possessions.
I watched it grow each day. Some days it would have to face the harsh winter wind. Some days it stood under the scorching sun. Not once did it complain. Nor did its bright yellow leaves fade. It simply continued to stand tall. Sheltering those that stood beneath it. Becoming an abode for birds and insects. Adding beauty to the world.
And that’s what made it truly special.
Even today, it continues to be my best friend. Every time I look at it, it gives me new found hope. A reason to keep my head high even when life seems to be looking down. A reason to continue to give to others without expecting anything in return. The strength to keep moving on and to face each new challenge that comes my way.
And every time I look at the tiny tree, I know that he’s watching me from somewhere, somewhere up in the sky. So I simply look up and smile at the big ocean of blue that hovers above me. Thanking him for showing up at 12 that night. For ringing that doorbell. For wrapping that tall box. For teaching me how to live, without letting go.
It was Josh’s birthday, and he had turned 16 years old. Everyone said he was a “young man” now, ready to take on the world. And he guessed they were right, since he now had his own driving license and his own room.
They said that they believed in him and knew that he would make his dreams come true. That he would grow up to be a “happy man”.
He hoped that they were right.
He sat on his bed and started to think about things. Things that made him happy. Things that mattered the most.
“What’s wrong son?” his dad asked him as he entered the room.
“Dad, I’m afraid.” he said.
“Hold on son, I’ll be right back.” he said.
Minutes later, he returned to the room with something in his hand.
“Look at this son”, he said.
Josh looked up and saw a small lock, lying on the palm of his father’s hand.
“What’s this for Dad”, he asked, puzzled.
His dad closed the lock and gave it to him.
“Open it son”, he said.
“But Dad, where is the key?” he asked.
Josh looked up in surprise. His Dad continued to explain.
“Life is a journey of ups and downs son. And while you’re travelling, you will come across many types of people. Who you meet is a matter of chance, and there isn’t much you can do about it. But, you get to choose whether they will stay or not.
You see, your heart is surrounded by a giant lock, which protects all your feelings. And nothing can change them, unless you decide to give someone the key.
If you decide not to give it to anyone, you will end up feeling lonely.
If you decide to give it to everyone, you will end up feeling threatened.
But if you decide wisely, and give the key only to those that matter to you, you will always be happy.
Josh looked at him with awe. He had finally discovered how to be happy. He was no longer afraid.
“And I know that you will grow up to be a happy man my son”, his Dad replied with a smile on his face.
Being happy doesn’t just happen by chance. It’s actually a matter of choice. A decision to wait. To wait for somebody who is right. Somebody who cares enough to open the lock. Somebody whom we can trust. Somebody to whom we can give the key. The key that allows them to make a difference. To become a reason which adds to that amazing feeling. The amazing feeling called happiness.
“Good morning!” – Luis would wish him every time he saw him water the plants.
And in return, he would always get a bright smile from Uncle Joe.
Uncle Joe looked after the garden behind their house. He was old and had a long white beard.
Every day, he would wake up very early in the morning and leave for work, because he lived in a village far away from town. He didn’t have much money, so he would walk the entire way.
“Hello Brother” – This was a warm greeting extended by Mark to Luis every time he passed by. Mark was a 5 year old, who lived on the street. His mother was a maid and his father sold vegetables. He loved reading, but could never buy all the new books that he saw.
“Woof!” – As soon as Luis would pass by, Kipper would run up to him and lick his hand. Kipper was an adorable beagle with big eyes. But he looked frailer and weaker as days went by. He didn’t really have a home. Nor did he have much to eat. He lived under a thatch of wood lying next to a trashcan.
Luis loved all of them. Watching them suffer made him sad. He wanted to make a difference, but he knew that he couldn’t do much since he was still small. So, he decided to write a letter.
Thank you for watching over us and taking care of us every day. I know that you have the power to make all our wishes come true. So here I am, sending you my wish list.
For Uncle Joe – Uncle Joe is our gardener. He works very hard each day, without complaining. He always answers all my questions and teaches me about the beauty of nature. He always has a smile on his face. But sometimes, I see him holding his knees because they hurt. They hurt because he has to walk a lot to get to town.
Wish: I wish he had a cycle, so he didn’t have to wake up so early.
For Mark – Mark is like my younger brother. And he really wants to read the new book which has just been launched by his favorite author. But he doesn’t have enough money to buy it.
Wish: I wish he can get it somehow.
For Kipper – Kipper is an amazing beagle who always greets me with a warm hug. I love playing with him. He does too. But everyone says that he is getting weaker.
Wish – I wish he could have a pretty doghouse and lots of food to eat.
He sealed the envelope with the letter inside and put it in the postbox. And what happened the next day was magical.
When he woke up and went outside, he heard the sound of a bell. It was Uncle Joe, riding his new cycle along the street. Then, he saw Mark sitting under a lamp post with a copy of his new book. Finally, Kipper came to him. He looked much healthier. He grabbed Luis’s hand and took him to show his new home. It was “pretty”, just as Luis had mentioned in his letter.
He folded his hands and looked up at the sky.
“Thank you God.” he said with a smile.
His dad watched him from behind a tree. In his hand were all the receipts of the bills he had just paid for – the new cycle, the new book, and the new doghouse and food.
He too folded his hands and prayed.
And with this, Luis’s wishes did come true. His faith grew stronger. And he had discovered where God lived. They were right. He did stay at a place called “Everywhere”. And he hoped that that’s where he would always be.
It had been 10 years since they had decided to be friends. They had been there for each other, right from the day they had met up till now. But now was when things were about to change. It was finally time to bid farewell.
As they sat in the meadow for one last time, they reminisced their first meeting.
Samaira had just moved into the house right next to Rihaan’s. She was a beautiful 6 year old with almond shaped eyes and golden colored hair. She loved going on adventurous little trips all by herself. And on her first day in the new neighborhood, she had done just that.
As she rode her bicycle down the street, every passer by gazed in awe. She looked absolutely adorable in her white colored dress. The day seemed great, and she felt that she was very close to making her discovery.
All of a sudden, her ride came to a stop. She fell off her bicycle and landed on the ground. As she struggled to stand up again, she heard a voice.
“Hold my hand”, he said.
She looked up and saw a young little boy dressed in a black t-shirt and blue jeans. He had an infectious smile and dimples that complemented it perfectly. She held his hand and stood up.
“Thank you.” She said with a smile on her face.
“I’m Rihaan. What’s your name?” he asked her.
“You are very pretty!” he exclaimed as he smiled back at her.
He took her hand in his and they walked back together. And since that day, he had never let go of it.
But now, Rihaan was moving to a new place with his family, which meant saying good bye. This was going to be tough.
“I wish we could always be together.” said Samaira.
“Thousands of stars”, she replied, confused.
“Now, go ahead and choose one. And I’ll do the same” he said.
Samaira pointed towards the sky, still clueless.
She held his hand and smiled at him. And he smiled right back at her. The same way they had years ago.
And a few years later, he asked for her hand again. But this time, he never intended to let go. There was no more “goodbye”. Only a new life awaited them. With a new “hello”.
He was a lucky boy. His dad had lots of big shiny cars. His mom was really famous because she acted in some of those really cool movies that everyone loved watching.
New toys, video games, expensive phones and fancy clothes – he had it all.
He always got what he wanted, without having to ask twice. But there was just one thing which he knew he couldn’t ever get – Someone to talk to.
His parents were always working, and he never really saw them around. He wasn’t allowed to make friends at school, because he was told that the other kids were just not good enough. He had always been alone, and he hated it.
Every day, he walked along the same road to go to school. He didn’t have to, but he chose to because that was the only time that he got to see the real world.
He turned around and saw a little girl looking towards him. She had an innocent face and beautiful eyes. However, she wore a torn dress. She was poor.
“You seem to be scared”, she repeated.
The little girl began to laugh.
“I love it when it rains. Do you know why?” asked the little girl.
“But what about the rain?” asked the boy.
“Well, whenever He is happy, he showers his blessings on us in the form of rain. That’s why everything looks brighter and more beautiful once the storm is over, she replied.
The boy was amazed. He had never thought of that before.
With this, the thunderstorm ended, and the sun came out again. His fear had gone away. Everything was back to how it was.
But there was just one little difference– he had found someone to talk to. It didn’t matter if she didn’t have pretty dresses to wear or lots of toys to play with. It didn’t matter if her parents didn’t have a lot of big shiny cars or whether they were famous.
She was the one who had made his wish come true. She had helped him smile through the rain. And when she had asked him if he was okay, she really meant it.
He had found what he was looking for under that tree.
She was a ray of hope, a pillar of strength, and an ocean of kindness.
He had the whole world at his feet, but she had a heart of gold.
It had been a rough day. Crazy deadlines, too much traffic, scorching heat, no message from him and no call from her friends. She felt awful.
She was losing herself – somewhere among the turning hands of the clock and the battles between her heart and her mind.
Everything seemed to be out of place. She was beginning to doubt her decisions. Was all that she was doing worth it anymore?
Was she moving in the right direction?
Would she ever reach where she wanted to?
She tried sleeping it off. She listened to her favorite songs on repeat. She even bought herself a doughnut and coffee. But nothing worked. Nothing made her feel better.
She sat on a chair and looked at the window.
Just then, her mom entered the room.
That was it. All she needed. She smiled and gave her a big hug. Suddenly, the world seemed to be a better place, where the tick tock of time and both her mind as well as her heart were at peace.
It worked like magic. It gave her power. The power to believe in herself. The power to face tomorrow.
Don’t hold back. Express your love. Because a hug can do wonders. It is a gift from the one above.
Just a few more days and then, he would be gone for a long time. His idol, his mentor and his best friend – his elder brother.
He had just finished school and was now going to college, someplace faraway. That would mean less of the fun outings to mall, the important conversations about life, and no more movie nights.
The thought of it all ending so suddenly made him sad. However, he had heard his parents saying that they felt really proud and his brother would be a successful young man soon.
That had made him feel much better.
As the days passed by, he kept thinking hard about what he should gift his elder brother. Something that he would want to keep forever. Something that would help him when he had to deal with the “things that happen in life”.
After a while the idea struck him, and he got to work. It was the night before his brother was going to leave.
The little boy decided to go and reveal his surprise. He picked up his present and ran towards the room where everyone was.
I know that dad is going to gift you a new car, and mom is going to buy you a new phone. But since I am still little, I can’t get you stuff like that. I know that you are going to face the big bad world now. Although I cannot go out there with you, I know that these things will always help you to face it all. Here’s why I think so.
Diary – Pirates used a treasure chest to keep priceless stuff. Think of this as yours – one that you can store all your memories in.
Pen – Whenever important stuff happens in life, and you want to remember it forever, make sure you write it down with this pen.You can tell me all about it later.
Pencil – I know we all make mistakes. Big ones sometimes. Nobody’s perfect. So every time you’re not sure of something, make sure you use this – because you can always erase it. And nobody will get to know.
Candle- If you ever feel afraid of the dark, you can light this up to make things all bright again. The bad feeling goes away. It works, I swear!
Pillow- When you study really hard and get tired, and you miss us being around – Hold on to this and sleep, and you will definitely feel much better the next day.
I really wish you could stay a little longer. And I am really sad. But I can always call you. And we can talk like we do. I will miss you very much. And I know you will miss me too.
That’s the kind of promise we should all make to our brothers and sisters. And we should always remember to keep them.
Because distance never matters when you care for someone.
Just like every single morning, he woke up early and went for fishing with his dad. After walking for a few miles, they finally reached the riverside and sat at their favorite spot.
It was a beautiful sight – crystal clear water flowing effortlessly and carrying along with it little creatures of all colors ; golden , black and white.
This was the time when both father and son chatted about everything they wanted to.
“That’s a great question son.”, he replied. ” Its easy. Do you see those fish swimming happily in the water?, he asked.
” Now pick up a stone and throw it inside.”.
The boy did as he was told. Immediately, the fish moved away and scattered in different directions.
The next day, he did the same, but nothing changed. He kept repeating this for the next few days, his mind puzzled.
After a week, something unusual happened. As soon as he threw the stone into the river, the fish didn’t move away. Instead, they remained still till it sank to the bottom.
“They aren’t afraid anymore!”, exclaimed the boy.
The boy smiled. He finally knew what he had to do.
Life is full of obstacles. Don’t let them stop you.
Let go of fear. Accept the challenge. Decide to face it . Decide to win. | 2019-04-24T04:14:14Z | https://experiencethinkexpress.com/category/short-story/ |
KLA-Tencor’s formal approval is likely to happen shortly following the end of the offer period. In fact, you might choose to make sure it’s extremely clear that it doesn’t constitute acknowledgement. The Acknowledgement is merely the approval of something. The official acknowledgement contains information which could help the IRS representative identify the right yield and provide better support.
There are a few important and often used official types of acknowledgement receipts. Therefore, the acknowledgement receipt could be a simple letter confirming the receipt of product delivered. You also have asked they create each of the accounts for each trade that you participated in during the whole lifetime of their use of the credit rating card. Therefore, the receipt must contain all the proper information regarding the company trade. The acknowledgment receipt needs to be composed in a way that is presentable and professional. In summary, an acknowledgment receipt is a substantial document which will help affirm and assess the satisfaction of a transaction.
Condition that you’re acknowledging the receipt of these things which you’ve requested. Receipts are lawful proof to show that a transaction occurred along with a payment was made in trade for a commodity. An acknowledgment receipt is not any different as it helps confirm and affirm that the gratification of an arrangement for a certain trade. The tag Acknowledgment Receipt should be established several spaces under the business letterhead.
How that you approach from the letter ought to be considerate and considerate. The correspondence should be sent outside whenever possible as soon as you have the product, include the files, as the situation might be. Because of this, it must bear the reason behind admitting it and ought to be introduced keeping the basic etiquettes. In certain circumstances, you might decide to integrate a photocopy of the prior correspondence, or possibly a synopsis. Composing such formal small business letters can allow you to construct sufficient confidence and will.
The correspondence will not have a great impact if you handle it directly in the title of a company or a provider. Or maybe you say you will be going through these things, and you are going to be sending another letter to offer some remarks. Letters to business partners should be printed on the supplier’s letterhead. The correspondence has to be formal and need to include the partnership arrangement, names of each the business partners, in addition to the stipulations of the partnership. Letters of recognition have been usually employed for whatever involved with a legal strategy.
It is possible for you to submit this type of program your self or need the help of a legal broker. Each program that fulfills the minimum requirements for a filing date has been provided a date. You ought to just use a form that admits they have obtained the amendment. The forms are upgraded and now include the Association’s new design guidelines which are supposed to enhance clarity and boost the entire expression of these types.
After the procedure is finished, the fax machine will print a confirmation document, based on the preferences. Right now, the verification process is continuing. It happens over the forthcoming few days to ascertain whether the TM is real and distinctive. When it is to do with tackling the particular lawful procedure, these letters play a significant function. The thorough procedure is clarified here. The stepwise procedure to have a look at the ITR received standing through official website of the Income Tax section is supplied below.
In order to facilitate recovery it’s essential that the documents be placed in the box at precisely the exact same order because they arrived from your initial documents. The method by which in which the document was declared as read with a certain employee has to be listed from the machine so that it can not be refuted.
You’ll have the ability to find out more about the standing through email. After that, you’ve to show the tax yield standing. Because of this, if you comply with the below steps you can certainly check the Revenue Tax Return Receipt standing in just a couple of seconds.
For the established organization to say it had an agreement on youpersonally, it must demonstrate the way that it was likely to perform great for you. Some non-competition arrangements are observed in odd places, like a posting to the business site. It’s true, you signed an arrangement by way of your credit card business, but you didn’t sign one with those firms that bought your debt out of the credit card company.
There are a few of lovely phrases you might use on your own acknowledgement dissertation. As testimonials have a substantial part in many pieces of a manuscript, failure to satisfactorily mention additional work may diminish your chances of being published. Writing a novel sometimes takes a while. What’s scientific writing. For that reason, it is essential since we anticipate every writer to find the mistakes, but it so awful since it is. In fact, a seasoned writer can find the job done much faster than any pupil as they have been writing academic assignments during their whole life. Try to restrict your acknowledgement dissertation to a webpage. For instance, it may be that the composing your dissertation was a particularly tricky period. A thesis will be designed together with your distinctive directions. Though it is not an significant part an perfect thesis, nevertheless an acknowledgement page created and equipped with precision and attention ought to leave a lasting impression on the reviewer. Aware that pupils will be connected with speeches. Acknowledgement is thought of as the recognition of the existence of some thing or some other easy fact. A two-page acknowledgement is too long and conducts that the probability of making your reader remove interest. List down the procedures and individuals that you would really like to give acknowledgement with. Note however that each job differs and you need to tailor your acknowledgements to fit your specific circumstance. The very first consideration to compose dissertation acknowledgement, you need to make a listing of each the men and women who’ve been connected with your dissertation. No, the webpage is not in any way study, but it is only sensible to offer the right acknowledgements. An acknowledgement page should be only 1 page in length. The acknowledgement segment is a substantial portion of your dissertation. You may observe some people today urge the Acknowledgments section be just 1 page. You have to record why you’re acknowledging the people. The goal of letters of recognition is to provide evidence you’ve received specific documents or a specific kind of petition. There’s no need to mention the specific service given. There’s no need to consult with this particular time the aid was granted. There is no need to mention the particular household relationship. Citing contradictory work is also an opportunity to explain why you believe your results are distinct. The date when the resignation acknowledgment letter has been granted. Letters of recognition have been often employed for whatever involved with a lawful strategy. A variety of the sample recognition letters are attached beneath the substance. Composing an acknowledgement letter seems to be a simple undertaking, but the fact is it is not too straightforward endeavor. It ought to compose in a specific format. Such letters can address many receivers. A draft correspondence will help underline any kind of mistakes before draft of this letter. It needs to be formed to understand the real content of the particular acknowledgement letter. Hence, the letter should bear the principal reason for acknowledging it and should be introduced keeping the basic etiquettes. You might even view formal letters. Every single written letter ought to be mentioned together with a language and the title of the person to whom it’s worried. You are in a place to compose a great acknowledgement notice in their view. It’s also possible to view departing notices. You may also see short notices. Additionally, you need to also know about both major factors as follows. You could even view finishing letters.
To nonprofit associations, participation receipts are still an essential partof accounting and keeping up their charitable status. All donation receipts are not created equally. The MARC institution’s donation receipt is a superb example of how to manage money donations. You have to send your correspondence as rapidly as possible after a donation. They generally request supplies or money, but additionally it is feasible to utilize them to enlist the aid of volunteers. Letters are distinctive and quirky. They allow one to say things that are too awkward or embarrassing to communicate in person. Thus, do not be concerned if your correspondence is just 1 page assuming you believe it is good. Typically no more than a webpage, a normal mortgage gift letter says the amount of the current, the origin of the gift-giver’s funds and also the association between you, Metzler clarifies. Make certain that you remind parents to make out their checks to the faculty, so that it is tax deductible. According to what you require money for you may even make it to become touching and deep. You merely need to demonstrate you realize how to raise money for significant kaupapa. In case the cash involves any expectation or result of repayment, then it is not a true gift, but a loan which will need to be disclosed and may change whether you’re entitled to a mortgage. Now is the opportunity to continue to engage together and provide them with the opportunity to learn more about your business and the way you’re very likely to utilize their present. It’s likely that you display sincere gratitude at a well-worded email, however there are a lot of events when you need to make the additional effort to mail a genuine note. A donor has to be able to find your donation associate in a couple of minutes of your contribution page loading. If he or she fails to offer you the correct info, they’ll be not able to keep their participation in their earnings. Donors want some kind of extrinsic reward too. It should be very, very simple for a possible donor to seek out your Donate button onto your house page. By way of instance, replicate or previous donors ought to find another letter to prospects or volunteers, as you’re very likely to need to thank them for their previous gifts. In case of a money donation you can just put the total donated. Every charity used the cause to get a source of empowerment which I was able to associate to. If your layout would really like to handle the 3 trillion components of vinyl in the sea, then your goal is to lower plastic in the sea by 5 percent from the finish of following calendar year. Most contribution forms make it effortless to optimize for mobile, and several do it automatically. By way of example, the majority of individuals are supplying monthly. Whenever there are two or three instances where you consistently offer a reception, more often than not, you simply will have to know more about the rules. Many do not know where to start when the job is delegated. When designing the donation slide, be certain it’s well-organized and easy to readdon’t make committing a challenging job! The procedure for writing the notes of gratitude can let you remember the kindness of friends and extend you with an opportunity to remember your loved ones. To start writing a letter requires space. Make sure the stories you’re collecting are useful and honest. The wonderful news is, there are a great deal of templates available at no charge. Your contribution page, together with a fantastic fundraising program, is the single most vital thing that you want to invest in if you would like to acquire donors to give online. Cold prospects, like the type you will encounter if you receive a mailing list, are not very likely to create a present. Ideally, your campaign subject includes someone in the center of itand you might use a photograph of them.
You Don’t Need to have an amateur to Deal with your Paper, which may determine your own future. Any sort of study paper has a specific arrangement that is based on couple of titles. Any type of research paper has a specific arrangement that’s based on few titles. Composing a well-organized study paper is a complex undertaking. When it is not possible by then you purchase a paper. Before you begin writing your literature newspaper you have got to discover the significant thing which will be discussed throughout the project. At length, if you’re writing your paper for a course or for a specific novel, be certain to bear in mind any particular instructions provided by your instructor or by the diary editor. Reading examples of response newspapers is also an extra manner by which you can quickly learn how to write a response paper. These examples can help you make up your mind on where to locate a sample of a fantastic critique. To have the ability to estimate some thing, you would love to compare it with the ideal example of this particular thing. Obviously, to write a fantastic introduction you want to read a good example, so here you are. Research paper outline examples are amazingly tough for many pupils as they’re overly lengthy. You may also get help about the perfect approach to write research paper outline illustration at their site. You may need to do your research alone. Research takes a little time because the pupils desire to read extensively about a particular subject which comprises a huge set of resources. You might need to run an extra research should you find any defects on your paper. Produce guidelines of everything you would love to perform on your own research. Our analysis could be good for blockchain architects. You are able to do research in a number of different ways. As soon as you finish your study notes you are able to start writing with confidence that you have got all the bits you want to make an outstanding essay. You must do a protracted study on the region you’ve chosen so it is likely to get acquainted with each one the vital facets. Research is critical to social progress. It’s also wise to run another study, if you happen to discover there is any lack on your study document. For instance, to describe private research results in third individual, write I chose, rather than the study suggested. Explain how you have to start running your own search. You might also do some exploring to learn more about the things to speak in order to offer a logical and persuasive review. Academic research is an indispensable part of your research. It’s vital to social progress. Customer care research is just one of many services that we supply our clients. The booming research study may be used for several years by other writers for referencing. Despite its short duration, it is a valuable area of the paper. Perhaps you will obtain an essay paper along with the choice of purchase college essay papers. An exploratory paper isn’t unusual in companies when they are attempting to experience a remedy to a problem and will have to acquire each the potential viewpoints and data on the market. Consequently, you dedicate to writing a paper of poor quality as you think’s the very best you can do with all the time you’ve got at hand. Composing a superb high superior superb research paper is an ambitious undertaking. To start with, pick what you will need to do with your newspaper. To start with, select exactly what you want to do together with your newspaper. After all, it’s referred to as a study paper. When you are writing your research paper’s introduction, you need to be constructing it about a particular outline which provides an general summary of this newspaper. In the event that you choose to attain study paper out of the company, here’s a brief education for creating an order on the website. After all, it is known as a study paper. In knowing what exactly does a fantastic research paper, moreover, it’s highly advised to turn into fair. To begin, you need to recognize which sort of abstract you want to include along with your paper. Your research paper is equally as good as the outline is. In the conclusion, you need to proofread your research document to be able to prevent bad sentence structure in addition to grammatical errors. After you might not wait and in depth study paper.
It is a particular Kind of writing which was created with the While submitting your account you should be sure that the record is at the essential format. It’d be better to write this in the event the report is completed so you will include that which, even points that could potentially be inserted in the past moment. This report writing format will let it be simpler for the reader to get what he is looking for. Fundamental Report writing format will guarantee you that you are never likely to encounter some hustle in finishing your report since it’s going to provide you with the arrangements you want to follow. With the perfect preparation, it will be hard to write your report and stay organized. If you’re writing a study on the job, check whether there aren’t any traditional guidelines or construction you’ve got to use. This fashion, your report could be understood by everyone who looks in the data which you enter. Reports are thought to be among the best approaches to relay a information. In the event you decide to write a sample Formal Report, then make sure you are specific with the labels. You’ve written a distinguished post. Report writing is a vital part of every worker’s job. He should attempt to communicate the message as fast as you can from the very first couple of lines. Readers desire to be able to test by way of a report and access to the information which they require as fast as possible. One of the obvious differences of reports and essays is the use of going. Problem is, you wouldn’t understand which part doesn’t make sense. An excellent example of writing a report is to incorporate a suitable introduction ahead of the body and composing a decision at the close of the report. You might also take a look at fiscal report illustrations 10. You may also see ads report examples This the significant part of your document. You will often acquire a very clear short to find a report, for example exactly what it is that you’re studying and for whom the account has to be ready. Some folks will read the overview and only skim the account, so make certain you include every of the pertinent particulars. They will read the review and just skim the account, so be certain that you include all the appropriate info. A report is supposed to lead folks throughout the data in a structured fashion, but also to allow them to locate the information they need easily and quickly. You might be writing your student report the wrong manner. It’s extremely important that you needs to know how to write successful student reports. To continue to maintain your document organized and simple to understand, there’s a particular format to follow along. A standard small business report follows the particular same format. It helps that you sharpen your study of the training course content as well as better your capacity to defend a particular position which you may be requested to perform in documents or on examinations. Whether you’ve conducted research to write a report or maybe to research about rural growth, it’s very important that you simply compile a suitable research report that you might then submit to the higher officials. It makes it feasible to organize your data that makes your accounts more efficient. Pay particular attention to if all the information that you’ve included is applicable. Also keep in mind that it needs to be organized logically with the most crucial points coming. Keep in mind that it needs to be organized logically with all the most vital data coming. It’s also advisable to have a superb comprehension of a report arrangement. To start out with, you need to have a while to prepare and plan on your account. Obtaining in a position to communicate effectively is probably one of the primary skills one individual can have. Otherwise, the odds of getting approval will probably be considerably reduced. Therefore, it’s almost always a good idea to start looking into a record writing specimens to find the format correctly. If you anticipate writing for a particular notion, make certain that it’s concentrated on the circumstance. Be certain that you’ve got a notion for everything.
In the event of an adventure certificate, you are not Sure who the correspondence has to be addressed. On occasion, what is discussed in 1 letter can’t be shared using another branch. A reference letter is similar to your recommendation letter from company. There are a couple things that should be made from your correspondence. Resignation letter is an expert agreeing letter to alert the current employer, which you are resigning from the job as well as the variables behind your resignation. Giving out a resignation letter to your current employer is where you really create your job change . A recommendation letter from company can make a significant difference in a candidate’s probability of obtaining a new job or just a chair in a respectable educational institution. An individual must remember a recommendation letter should be professional and precise. Bear in mind that might call for a recommendation letter in the existing organization, and so do not write anything which might appear impolite and sour. On the contrary, it’s likely to also pick resignation letter through email. The resignation letter is only a formality, putting your objective to leave the business in writing. Though some people feel it is unprofessional, a resignation letter through email is totally legitimate jointly with acceptable. It’s a fast letter officially advising your company that you are leaving your job. When you have done that, you are well ready to write a resignation letter that is formal. Resignation letter is as crucial as the program letter for just about any job. Even though resignation letters are generally the last official communication you’ve obtained together with the business, it is crucial to not burn any bridges. Letter Of Resignation Samples is just one particular kind of raised market at this time. The letter needs to be succinct, and you also want to write a logical reason for leaving the flat. Even though it resembles a reference correspondence, there’s an important difference in the two. In this circumstance it would be a good idea to draft two distinct letters to avoid this type of confusion or circumstance. Formal letters still maintain an exact important area in the industry world. Ambiguous or casual letters are ordinarily not amused. A well-drafted letter that is written in a suitable way makes sure your exit method is smooth and with no difficulties. The final section of this email should be focused on speaking about your positive expertise in the business, in a couple of lines. Heres how to write an ideal occupation program email to make it look formal. You will leave your telephone number and email address so the colleagues can remain in contact with you. While writing the address of the sender of this letter is not a compulsion it is an excellent practice to achieve that. When you’ve made the decision to proceed, there’s absolutely not any use at criticizing your organization or your occupation. Take note that in case you choose to officially complain, the process could be lengthy. The process for composing a job description necessitates using a comprehensive understanding of their tasks duties and obligations. For the set organization to say it had an arrangement on youpersonally, it has to demonstrate the way that it was supposed to perform good for you. If you’re being asked to register a non-compete arrangement to get a condition of hire, then you certainly won’t have a great deal of choice regarding if you enroll. The arrangement is quite simple and importantly, as is provided in the subsequent section. This arrangement will be able to assist you completely get a salary certificate in a far better way.
The Acknowledgement is only the approval of some thing. The Official acknowledgement is made up of suggestions which will assist the IRS representative identify the suitable return and supply better support.
Receipts have come quite a lengthy way. They are legal proof to Show that a trade took place together with a payment has been made in exchange for a commodity. There are a few important and frequently used official kinds of acknowledgement receipts. Therefore, the acknowledgement receipt could be a really simple letter confirming the receipt of merchandise delivered. A receipt acts as a listing that provides confirmation a payment has been made in the customer to the little organization. State that you’re acknowledging the receipt of all the things you have requested.
The sample given will perform the job for this Type of instance. In case that you want, it is very likely to also have a look at our assortment of cash receipt samples. To learn more, take a look at our variety of Acknowledgement Receipt Samples which you may download easily.
Emails are usually acknowledged, as an instance, however they Are acknowledged via email, for the huge part, instead of by way of an official letter. Instantly notify partners and customers that you’ve seen their email for a way to allow them to continue every other essential undertaking. Instantly notify partners and clients that you have seen their email to be able to allow them survive any other crucial undertaking. To make certain it’s private, they would still must assess all of my prior emails to know Love it!
You have backed up your petition, Not Just with timeframes, The note also needs to be filed in a really clear and simple to detect location where folks are prepared to discover this, and also a copy needs to be provided to anyone who asks for you. In a crisis, you need to get discover whenever possible following the emergency. In nearly all cases, you need to discover the note on your first trip to a supplier or at the email from your wellbeing program. In addition, you have to also be aware of both major factors as follows.
The correspondence isn’t likely to have a really fantastic Impact if you tackle it directly in the name of a company or a provider. Or perhaps you say that you’re inclined to be moving throughout the things, and you’ll be sending another letter to provide some comments. Letters to company partners should be printed on the company’s letterhead. The correspondence needs to be formal and will need to include the partnership deal, names of all of the company partners, as well as the stipulations of this partnership. The correspondence needs to be routed whenever possible as soon as you have the product, include the documents, as the situation might be. Letters of recognition have been usually employed for all those involved with a legal strategy.
How You approach from the correspondence should be considerate And considerate. For that reason, it has to bear the reason behind admitting it and should be released retaining the basic etiquettes. Composing such formal small business letters can make it possible for you to build adequate trust and will.
Obtained the amendment. There are many distinct sorts of money. Receipt forms are very beneficial for various business in many different industries. For example, to acknowledge deliveries, a delivery receipt form is generally utilized. You’re in a position to abide by the 3 simple steps we have got for you in making your own reception form. Should you would like to make your reception type, a selection of samples is readily available for you as plans for composing a receipt form for specific functions.
When it’s to do with handling the specific lawful process, These letters play a substantial function. The stepwise procedure to check out the ITR obtained standing through official site of the Income Tax department is offered below.
The Goal of letters of recognition is to provide evidence you Have received specific documents or a particular type of petition. Listed below Are the many possible approaches to find the affliction of this tax return. Inform your client or partner, if you would like to make alterations in any Kind of record or arrangement. Thus, it may take much time to locate the In addition you provide the opportunity for those Workers to express any issues they might have with the policy. | 2019-04-23T04:25:54Z | http://sali4ever.com/bewerbung-krankenschwester/ |
"What Chicken Is Best For Bone Broth "
If you Love What Chicken Is Best For Bone Broth then you are at the right place!!
What Chicken Is Best For Bone Broth is made from pet bones and connective cells-- usually cattle, chicken, or fish-- that have been steamed into a broth as well as slow-moving simmered for 10 to greater than 20 hrs with natural herbs, veggies, and also seasonings. So why is this apparently easy liquid something you 'd want to drink each day What Chicken Is Best For Bone Broth ?
Even our hunter-gatherer forefathers understood that drinking What Chicken Is Best For Bone Broth was like striking dietary gold, as its earliest version dates back over 2,500 years. Discarding anything edible was out of the question at that time, so animal unguis, knuckles, bones, as well as other connective cells never ever went to throw away. Bone broth has an abundant history of being made use of in standard Chinese medicine as a digestive system tonic, blood building contractor, and also kidney strengthener as a result of the high collagen web content, bioavailable minerals, anti-inflammatory amino acids, and also recovery compounds that can just be located in bones and also connective tissue What Chicken Is Best For Bone Broth.
View as celeb health and wellness instructor, Thomas DeLauer damages down the ins as well as outs of what bone broth actually is. In simply two minutes, he'll talk about what bone broth is as well as what it can do for your gut, joint, and skin health and wellness What Chicken Is Best For Bone Broth.
Some phone call What Chicken Is Best For Bone Broth meat water. We call it liquid gold.
What makes this things so special? The short response is collagen. Bones and connective tissue are the just real nutritional resources of kind II collagen-- a protein that's understood for maintaining skin smooth as well as supple as well as teeth as well as joints healthy, along with touting loads of various other health advantages.
Along with collagen, bones are also packed with a number of anti-inflammatory amino acids, minerals, and compounds that can aid quicken your body's natural recovery processes from points like sporting activities injuries, arthritis, or leaky gut.
So, these "scraps" that a lot of us generally toss in the garbage are major dietary giants. Yet when was the last time you chowed down on a piece of cow's knuckle? Or snacked on an ox tail? We'll presume the answer is never ever.
Considering that we do not eat bones in their whole type, cooking them into a broth that's simmered for 10 to 20 hours (or even more) is the very best means to release their powerful nutrients, as well as experience a whole brand-new level of health and wellness.
NEED A QUICK DESCRIPTION ON WHAT EXACTLY IS WHAT CHICKEN IS BEST FOR BONE BROTH ?
Enjoy as Star Wellness Instructor, Thomas DeLauer breaks down the ins and also outs of what bone broth actually is. In just 2 minutes, he'll speak about what bone broth is and what it can do for your intestine, joint, and skin wellness what chicken is best for bone broth.
Bone broth has a rich history of being used as a gastrointestinal tonic, particularly in traditional Chinese medicine some 2,500 years back. Today, it is among the top advised foods for enhancing symptoms of chronic digestive conditions, such as Irritable Digestive Tract Syndrome (IBS), Crohn's disease, and also colitis.
The factor for why bone broth is so healing for the digestive tract returns to collagen, which develops jelly when it's prepared down even better. Collagen as well as jelly are not just rich in amino acids that decrease inflammation in the GI tract-- such as glutamine-- they likewise have the special capacity to "secure and also heal" holes in the gut cellular lining, which can cause a problem called leaky digestive tract disorder.
Although research study is in the early stages, there's proof to reveal that leaking digestive tract is the primary underlying source of digestive system conditions. It's also a contributor to autoimmune conditions, depression, brain fog, stress and anxiety, allergies, dermatitis, acne, as well as chronic reduced energy. Most awful of all, dripping gut can be quiet and also show no signs in the early stages. It's also thought to affect over 70% of the populace.
Bone broth is advised on unique gut healing diet regimens and also procedures, like the SPACES diet, the SCD diet plan, and the Reduced FODMAP diet regimen.
Whether it's an injury, joint inflammation, or aching muscle mass, there's no much better means to nurture your bones as well as joints than by consuming even more of the nutrients already located within them, consisting of hyaluronic acid, glucosamine, chondroitin, calcium, as well as magnesium. Bone broth is packed with all of these nutrients, plus numerous amino acids that help in reducing joint discomfort and swelling, like glycine and proline. It's for these factors that bone broth is ending up being a go-to recovery drink amongst professional athletes.
An enjoyable truth: Kettle and Fire Bone Broth was birthed because our co-founder, Nick, tore his ACL playing football and also needed a premium bone broth to help speed up his healing time. (You can learn more on that here.).
Complying with a bone broth diet plan is excellent for lasting fat burning. A bone broth diet regimen includes eating Paleo for 5 days and also not eating for 2. Throughout this time frame you'll drink bone broth routinely with a rise in use on the fasting days.
The combination of periodic fasting as well as bone broth speeds up weight-loss via burning fat more effectively and limiting calorie consumption. When doing the diet regimen, we also noticed a decrease in cellulite.
Fat-Burning Bone Broth Mixed Drink What Chicken Is Best For Bone Broth.
With just a couple of components, this dish is ideal for a scrumptious as well as incredibly easy fat-burning cocktail that you can work up quickly on hectic mornings prior to job or in the evenings post-workout.
Even if you had actually never become aware of bone broth previously, you've most likely heard of collagen, thanks to the beauty market.
Lots of anti-aging skincare lines add collagen to their face lotions, creams, as well as lotions (as well as market them for a pretty penny). But what many individuals do not recognize is that collagen molecules are too huge to be absorbed via the skin, which indicates these creams can't supply much in the means of results.
The bright side is that collagen can be taken in through your digestive system. As well as due to the fact that there's a straight web link between the digestive tract and the skin, including bone broth to your diet is mosting likely to have a much more powerful as well as enduring influence on the total look and also wellness of your skin.
Allow's not forget about hair as well as nails, which are made up of healthy proteins like collagen. Collagen assists enhance nails, and urges hair to expand in thicker, quicker, and also handle a healthy and balanced shine. (Remember this for the following time you obtain a bad hairstyle!).
Deep, relaxed sleep is something we might all utilize a bit even more of. In fact, stats show the typical person gets much less than 7 hours of sleep per night, so it is necessary to do everything you can to make those hrs matter.
Bone broth is abundant in glycine, an anti-inflammatory amino acid that deals with the Central Nerve System (CNS). When taken prior to bed as a supplement, studies show glycine can improve sleep top quality and reduce daytime drowsiness. It's a lot more effective when coupled with other sleep-supportive nutrients, like calcium as well as magnesium.
When morning health issues hits, it can be impossible to keep nourishing food down. Yet bone broth has a tendency to be soothing for queasiness, as well as is generally well endured. Best of all, bone broth supplies numerous of the nutrients you and your growing child requirement, consisting of protein, and vital minerals and vitamins. As an included benefit, the slow-moving simmer time of the bones makes the nutrients in bone broth very bioavailable and easier to soak up than a dietary supplement.
Bone broth can also assist increase fertility, assist you have an extra comfortable maternity by beneficial stiff or agonizing joints, and might increase calcium levels in breast milk.
Bone broth is a superb source of nutrition on the Paleo diet regimen, and is encouraged to consume alcohol throughout periods of periodic fasting. It likewise suits well with macronutrient demands on the keto diet regimen, and also might help reduce symptoms of the keto influenza.
" Not only can bone broth aid you prevent keto flu, however it's additionally filled with minerals that heal leaky gut and also lower inflammation in your intestinal tracts." - Leanne Vogel, Author of The Keto Diet.
The nutrients in bone broth make it an effective functional food that can benefit your whole family-- including your fur babies. Bone broth benefits your animal's shiny layer, bones, joints, digestion, as well as teeth.
Loaded with protein - Poultry is a fantastic healthy protein source as well as very same goes with hen bones. Pot & Fire bone broth comes loaded with 10 grams of protein per serving What Chicken Is Best For Bone Broth.
Reduces gut swelling - Bone broth aids recover as well as secure a leaking intestine which is the source for several autoimmune illness.
Rich in bone marrow - Bone broth made from 100% lawn fed cattle as well as simmered over lengthy cook times extracts bone marrow that contains healthy and balanced nutritious hormonal agents as well as lipids.
Loaded with amino acids - Comparable to hen bone broth, the nutrients extracted from beef bones have amino acids like glycine and glutamine that boosts digestion as well as fixings your digestive tract cellular lining.
No. Plants are a terrific source of nutrients that can aid promote your body to create its very own collagen, however there is no known plant food that offers kind II collagen, the form that uses every one of the health benefits listed above.
One point to consider concerning bone broth that establishes it in addition to plant foods: Even if you do consume a variety of plants that are rich in collagen-boosting nutrients, if you have a damaged digestive system or leaky intestine, you may not totally absorb them. On the other hand, the collagen in bone broth is incredibly simple to take in, even for those with jeopardized digestive systems.
Naturally, you don't simply have to drink it-- although we do have a totally free and legendary downloadable bone broth drinking overview for when you do. You can mix bone broth into your eco-friendly healthy smoothies, make healthy and balanced collagen gummy bears, and also use it in everything from rushed eggs, soups, curries, stews, morning meal bowls, and tacos.
We slow-simmer the natural bones to draw out the collagen, proteins, and amino acids right into a nutrient-rich bone broth. The outcome is a collagen-rich, high protein bone broth that provides your body the nutrients it requires to thrive.
Bone broth is an all-in-one superfood, loaded with nutrients that provide energy and motivation, help you sleep much better, make your skin look smoother, and can assist heal digestive problems like leaky gut.
Bones and connective cells are storehouses for crucial amino acids and minerals-- which are lacking in many diet regimens today. Bone Broth is likewise an indispensable source of protein, collagen as well as gelatin.
It's not feasible to eat entire bones or cells, yet you can still enjoy these health benefits by sipping bone broth. Collagen is extracted when you simmer bones for an extended period of time. Typically, the longer bone broth simmers, the more collagen you'll remove.
Bone broth is made by simmering animal bones and also tissue for at the very least 10 hours with vegetables, natural herbs, and also flavors such as thyme, garlic, and also bay leaves. High-quality bone broth starts with top quality components, using bones from natural grass-fed pets and organic veggies. While any bone or tendon can be utilized, knuckles, hen feet, as well as thigh bones tend to contain one of the most collagen.
Simmering bones for a prolonged period of time is what provides bone broth its health advantages, drawing out the amino acids, minerals, and also collagen. This is a Pot & Fire-tested sluggish cooker chicken bone broth dish that includes organic poultry bones, sea salt, fresh veggies like celery stalks, onions, and also bell peppers, and natural herbs like parsley, rosemary, and thyme.
Simply cooking bones (no meat) as well as water is going to be mainly tasteless. Food preparation the combination for hours on end isn't mosting likely to make it taste any kind of much better.
The idea that you're getting lots of nutrients from the bones is a MYTH that will not die, despite the fact that it has actually been unmasked countless times, consisting of via lab examinations. The concept that including vinegar to "release" those nutrients has likewise been debunked. You simply wind up with a watery mess that tastes of vinegar.
Rather, purchase bones with meat on them. Then add veggies such as onions, carrots, celery, as well as simply enough water to cover everything (usually 8 or 10 cups). Avoid the vinegar! Simmer for 3 to 4 hours for poultry, a little longer for beef. Period according to choice. If you have an Instant Pot, 25 to 35 minutes is about right.
What you will get with this method is an extremely tasty broth that's probably significantly much more nourishing-- consisting of lots of collagen-- and also even more healthful than any bone broth, and it will taste one heck of a great deal much better. You can either consume the meat and also veggies (it's called SOUP) or you can strain them out and just drink the broth if you like.
Check Ina Garten's dish for poultry broth. It's really similar to this one and has actually been used with small variants by experienced cooks for years.
There are 2 primary distinctions in between bone broth and regular broth or supply: simmering time and the component of the pet it's made from (bones or flesh).
Routine broth and stock are simmered for a shorter amount of time than bone broth, about 2-- 6 hours. The expedited cooking procedure lowers the quantity of helpful gelatin removed from the bones, minimizing its capacity to improve the immune system, heal digestive system concerns, and minimize the signs and symptoms of leaky digestive tract.
Prior To Kettle and Fire was birthed, among our co-founders, Nick, tore his ACL playing soccer (ouch). His bro Justin found out about the advantages of bone broth for injury recuperation. As his timetable really did not leave much time to make bone broth from the ground up, he laid out to buy a store-bought, top notch, grass-fed bone broth, since both of their busy schedules really did not leave much time to make the broth themselves. (You can discover more regarding our tale here.).
Regardless of just how difficult Justin looked, the excellent bone broth didn't exist. He searched for one that was one hundred percent organic, fresh-- never frozen-- grass-fed, and also slow-moving simmered (as well as one that could be delivered without inefficient, confusing packaging). So, Nick and Justin chose to produce a premium bone broth on their terms, which is the recipe we're honored to offer you today.
" Kettle & Fire supplies a beneficial, quality bone broth in a tasty and practical shelf-stable layout. I enjoy always understanding that I have actually obtained wonderful broth accessible, without clogging up my freezer or needing defrosting." - Dr. Sarah Ballantyne, three-time NYT Best-Selling Author.
The stunning aspect of bone broth is that there's really no limitation to just how you can include it to your diet. In addition to soups, stews, as well as plain ol' drinking, bone broth mixes remarkably well into nearly any kind of dish-- even shakes! Here are our leading means to get it:.
Our bone broth tastes tasty sufficient to drink on its own, however you can flavor it approximately fit your palate. We produced our preferred flavor mixes in this totally free downloadable "Bone Broth Sipping Overview" (bone broth matcha lattes, anyone?). Get your cost-free copy below.
Consuming bone broth does not have to be monotonous-- there are countless ways to spice it and also sip it. Get instant access to over 15 of our favored bone broth sipping combinations, consisting of ginger and also turmeric bone broth tonic as well as chili, as well as cardamom bone broth elixir. Learn how to utilize bone broth in your matcha lattes, golden milk, and also exotic fruit smoothies.
Our beef bone broth has a moderate taste, which allows it to blend easily with virtually anything, from smoothies to healthy and balanced gummy bears. Our poultry bone broth as well as mushroom poultry bone broth improve the savory taste of soups, stews, as well as risotto dishes. A few of our favorites include:.
The Bone Broth Diet plan not only enhances your consumption of the recovery nutrients and also compounds important for gut, skin, joint, and also bone health, but helps fight systemic inflammation, which is at the root cause of many Western ailments and illness.
The bone broth diet plan is a 21-day plan that's optimal for anybody suffering from a persistent wellness condition (such as an autoimmune disorder), or any individual that wants to reset their digestive system and experience radiant health. Discover more about the 21-day bone broth diet plan here. | 2019-04-24T08:16:56Z | http://urbanhotlist.com/bone-broth/kettle-and-fire/chicken/what-chicken-is-best-for-bone-broth/index.php |
Immanuel Velikovsky and especially his theories in his books Worlds in Collision and Earth in Upheaval have been debunked, ridiculed and dismissed as pseudoscience by most of the scientific world and the public. This is not surprising due to their content.
But surely Immanuel Velikovsky was and is defended by his followers, those interested in catastrophism and chronology revisionism? And those who follow the ideas of the Electric Universe theory (EU theory) which seems to be partly inspired by his radical views of an alternative solar system history?
Immanuel Velikovsky debunked by his followers?
Immanuel Velikovsky debunked by Velikovskians and those interested in the Electric Universe theory is perhaps a big surprise to mainstream science and those wishing to destroy Velikovsky's ideas.
It seems that a significant number of those who support Velikovsky and have seriously investigated Velikovsky's Worlds in Collision, Earth in Upheaval and his Ages in Chaos (chronology revisionist series of books) seem to now suspect that the fine details of some or a lot of his interpretation or investigations are perhaps not correct, but that the general ideas he had are correct or at least have shown us the way forward.
For example SIS (The Society for Interdisciplinary Studies) who were inspired by Immanuel Velikovsky's works and were formed to study and investigate his works have been looking into it for over 40 years. As new information, ancient texts, modern translations, updated reconstructions of chronology and history, new scientific data and evidence has come to light, some of the SIS members believe that some of Velikovsky's ideas need to be updated or have been shown to be wrong. There are now even Velikovsky Chrononology variations or radically different chronology lists.
One point I will concede to the astronomers. Velikovsky’s book title is misleading. It is not about colliding planets or asteroids. It seems there is an intrinsic avoidance mechanism involving cosmic electric discharges.
Planets do not collide. Electrical forces and modification of orbits by charge exchange dominate in a close encounter.
Alfred de Grazia reports that Velikovsky never accepted Juergens' theory, because the thermonuclear theory seemed sound to him. de Grazia writes that he asked Velikovsky, more than once, whether he could accept Juergens' theory, he would reply with a definite negative. He adhered to internal thermo-nuclear fusion as the secret of the Sun's radiation.
The publishers of Pensée note: In this issue we feature a paper by Ralph Juergens, whose theses represent a pioneering effort to bring electromagnetic considerations to bear upon celestial mechanics, and thereby to illuminate the physical side of the events described in Worlds in Collision.
While Velikovsky urges discussions of this sort, he does not, of course, feel that final answers have been found, and retains reservations about Juergens' conclusions.
Since then sceptical scholars have shown Velikovsky’s historical perspective of cataclysmic events to be wrong. However, his basic premise of planetary encounters has been confirmed and the details fleshed out to an extraordinary degree. Several pioneering researchers in this new field now agree that awe-inspiring planetary encounters did occur in pre-history.
Even Velikovsky’s musings on the potency of the electromagnetic force in space could draw on precedents such as the concepts of ‘charged planets’ and ‘electric comets’ pondered by Elias Loomis (1868), Richard Anthony Proctor and Osborne Reynolds (1871), Sir William Huggins (1885) and Kristian Birkeland (1913).
Whatever the case, critics rarely levelled an accusation of plagiarism against Velikovsky. Instead, they vilified the ideas themselves more vociferously than the modern era had ever witnessed.
... It has been said that no great advance has ever been made without controversy. More than 5 decades after the Velikovsky firestorm, questions first posed by Velikovsky can no longer be ignored ... No matter the outcome of this long-standing battle, the time of reckoning is at hand. The voice of Velikovsky's ghost WILL be heard.
Several criticisms have been levelled at Velikovsky's work.
His view that the Hittite Empire is simply an invention of modern historians, and that the supposedly Hittite archaeological remains in modern Turkey are actually Chaldean (i.e. neo-Babylonian) appears extremely problematic, and he only began to address the problems here in his fourth work on ancient history, Rameses II and his Time.
Although most of the theories presented in Ages in Chaos are considered quite unacceptable by most scholars, some of the ideas have been confirmed by independent research by notable scholars. For example, his hypothesis that the Ipuwer Papyrus belongs not in the First Intermediate Period but rather in the Second Intermediate Period of ancient Egyptian history was confirmed in 1966 by John Van Seters in The Hyksos: A New Investigation. Van Seters' analysis was based on sound linguistic criteria and has never been refuted. His conclusions were reached quite independently of Ages in Chaos. Van Seters was probably not even aware of Velikovsky's work.
Henry Zecher’s analysis, “The Papyrus Ipuwer, Egyptian Version of the Plagues – A New Perspective,” published in The Velikovskian, January 1997, was the first scholarly work in nearly half a century to challenge Velikovsky’s view of the papyrus as an Egyptian version of the plagues, proposing instead that Ipuwer’s was the second half of a two-part story in which Moses wrote Part 1 and escaped with the Israelites and then Ipuwer wrote Part 2, describing the Hyksos takeover of Egypt which followed the Exodus.
There are a lot of mainstream articles and arguments about how Worlds in Collision is wrong. Below are some from people who have knowledge of Velikovsky or the EU theory. The first few quotes are from Leroy Ellenberger, perhaps the ultimate Immanuel Velikovsky gamekeeper turned poacher.
One might have thought that the Velikovsky movement would have ended with the "crucial test" of the Greenland ice cores (Kronos 10:1, 1984), first proposed by R.G.A. Dolby in 1977.1 A visible layer of debris in the ice caused by Velikovsky's planet-juggling catastrophes, especially from the 40 years of darkness at the Exodus, was never found.
Most surviving Velikovskians now see Worlds in Collision and Ages in Chaos as seriously flawed, if not completely wrong. Many instead propose that the real interplanetary catastrophes occurred earlier than Velikovsky thought.
... What of Velikovsky's revision of ancient history? Chronology revisionists exist today in two schools: modest and drastic. The modest revisionists shorten Egyptian chronology less drastically than Velikovsky's 500 year compression, eliminating only a century or two by various schemata, e.g., (http://www.centuries.co.uk). The drastic revisionists claim, in essence, that the second millennium B.C.E. is a fiction that duplicates the first millennium; see (http://www.knowledge.co.uk/sis/ancient.htm).
... The disdain of Velikovsky's supporters for "crucial tests" comes honestly since their exemplar emphasized confirmation from supposedly "correct predictions" over falsification from "crucial tests". When Velikovsky wrote Worlds in Collision, he reasonably believed no trees survived the first encounter with Venus 3500 years ago because the oldest trees then known, the Giant Sequoia, started growing 3300 years ago. Then the bristlecone pines in California were found to be over 4000 years old.
Over the past four years I have come to appreciate that, even if Velikovsky were right, there are good physical reasons why astronomers and other scientists have opposed him so tenaciously. Unfortunately, many of these reasons, often based on information developed since Velikovsky wrote his books, have never been discussed in Velikovskian forums or have never been discussed in a fully informed manner. Examples of the former include the Worzel Ash, ice cores, and plate tectonics. Examples of the latter include tree rings, ice age dynamics, geomagnetism, and cosmic electricity.
Velikovsky's reference to ancient "cometary" prodigies of Venus are no more compelling since atmospheric refraction can make Venus appear with a "beard," or tail. Varro's report of an account from the time of Ogyges, many centuries earlier, quoted by Velikovsky from Augustine's City of God, in which Venus "changed its color, size, form, course" (Tr. M. Dods), can also plausibly be understood in terms of effects of atmospheric refraction (Forrest, 1987, pp. 24-5, wherein the attributes of Venus are rendered "colour, magnitude, figure, and motion" (Tr. J. Healey)) together with prudent allowance for the uncertainties attending the vagaries of translation over the centuries and for the hyperbole and magico-mystical propensities that color the reports of pagan, pre-modern observers, whose reports Varro related.
Velikovsky's notion, mentioned by Mr. Cochrane, that "planet Saturn only recently loomed large in the heavens" because of "Earth's former proximity" is a red herring. To the ancients, as the classicist Harald Reiche explained to me, a planet's name referred both to orb and orbit. As the most distant visible planet, Saturn's orbit, indeed, can be said to have"encompassed the whole sky," a phrase used in Aeon's promotional material in 1988. Interestingly, our ancestors developed a complex, complementary relationship between the Sun and Saturn. But it is fallacious to believe, as Mr. Cochrane does, that the Sun in a very radical way was subordinate to Saturn in some bygone "Golden Age"
Sagan intended his “10 problems” to provide a definitive answer to Velikovsky as well as an example of how scientists analyze new hypotheses. However, Velikovsky and his followers considered Sagan’s paper to be an unforgivable catalog of errors. It may be useful, therefore, to assess Sagan’s 10 problems from the perspective of 25 years later. In doing so, I will use two terms common in the space sciences. One is “back-of-the-envelope” or “rough order of magnitude” estimates, abbreviated ROM. These are simplified calculations to obtain a very approximate numerical solution. Often a ROM estimate is sufficient to reject an implausible hypothesis. Second is the concept of the “strawman”—a simplified version of an idea that is used as a first rough estimate. Both ROMs and strawman arguments appear extensively in Sagan’s critique.
Problem 1: The ejection of Venus by Jupiter. Velikovsky had not explained how or when the Venus-comet got loose on a planet-crossing orbit, but he did say it was ejected from the Jupiter system. (Later he would suggest that Jupiter split apart as a result of interactions with Saturn). Sagan analyzed a strawman in which Venus is ejected from Jupiter like a bullet shot from a cannon. He used a ROM calculation to show that the energy of such an expulsion is more than sufficient to melt the proto-Venus and probably to splatter it all over the solar system. Unfortunately, he used a slightly wrong value for the escape velocity from Jupiter. This did not invalidate his ROM argument, but it undercut the credibility of the entire exercise for the non-science audience, who usually expect calculations by scientists to be precise.
Problem 2: Repeated collisions among the Earth, Venus, and Mars. Velikovsky had asserted that multiple collisions occurred between these three planets during roughly one millenium ending about 700 BCE. Sagan performed a ROM calculation of the probabilities of repeated planetary near-encounters. Since Velikovsky provided no information on the orbital dynamics that would make these events happen, Sagan tested a strawman in which the events are stochastic (unrelated), showing that the odds against such a series of near-collisions are absurdly high (one in 10^23). But Sagan did not consider coupled or resonant orbits, which would invalidate his strawman. His is also a post hoc probability calculation—after the fact, almost any specific sequence of events seems improbable, as Velikovsky correctly stated in his rebuttal.
Problem 3: The Earth’s rotation. Velikovsky asserted that the Earth’s rotation changed dramatically about 3000 years ago; in his preferred scenario it actually stopped, then began rotating again in the opposite direction. Sagan raised many valid objections to the idea that tidal or electromagnetic forces could have stopped the Earth’s rotation, let alone start it up again. These are among the principal flaws in Velikovsky’s scenario.
Problem 4: Terrestrial geology and lunar craters. In Velikovsky’s theory, the Earth suffered extreme geological disruption from the close passes of Venus and Mars. Sagan noted many contradictions between Velikovsky’s scenario and the geological record. There was not a general eruption of terrestrial volcanoes a few thousand years ago, mountains were not thrown up, and the lunar surface was not melted.
Problem 5: Chemistry and biology of the terrestrial planets. Sagan pointed out that Venus’s oxidizing chemistry is inconsistent with its supposed Jovian origin and noted many other problems in Velikovsky’s chemistry, such as the composition of the martian polar caps. Velikovsky responded by quoting old astronomical authorities in support, but that is beside the point, since these references had since been proved wrong.
Problem 6: Manna. Velikovsky concluded that manna (edible carbohydrates) fell on the Earth from Venus, perhaps manufactured by microorganisms out of the hydrocarbons of the comet’s tail. Sagan set up a strawman in which the Venus-comet shed manna over the entire inner solar system, and he used a ROM calculation to show that the quantity of manna exceeded the entire mass of the Earth—a reductio ad absurdum. The exercise doesn’t prove much, since Velikovsky never postulated a model to explain the production of manna, but it went over well with audiences and Sagan, like Velikovsky, was a showman.
Problem 7: The clouds of Venus. Sagan, who was one of the world’s experts on the atmosphere of Venus, effectively demonstrated that Velikovsky’s ideas on this subject were completely at odds with the facts, concluding “Velikovsky’s idea that the clouds of Venus are composed of hydrocarbons or carbohydrates is neither original or correct.” Velikovsky’s reply stressed that hydrocarbon clouds had been suggested by others, but again this is beside the point—by 1974 we knew the clouds were sulfuric acid, although Velikovsky could not accept that fact.
Problem 8: The temperature of Venus. Again Sagan was on solid ground, speaking as one of the originators of the greenhouse model for the atmosphere of Venus. (30) Velikovsky categorically rejected the greenhouse model as “contradicting the second law of thermodynamics” (31) and apparently believed it was a fabrication designed solely to repudiate his theory. He also continued to assert, in contradiction to the astronomical data, that Venus emitted more energy than it absorbed from the Sun. There was no contest here, with all the facts on Sagan’s side. Unfortunately, Sagan added a quantitative appendix on the heating of Venus during a close passage by the Sun that makes no sense to me and has been widely criticized, undercutting his temperature argument.
Problem 9: The craters of Venus. Sagan noted that the presence of craters on Venus (recently discovered by cloud-penetrating radar) contradicted the claimed youth of Venus. This is at best a weak uniformitarian sort of argument, based on an assumption of roughly constant impact rates to form the craters. However, Velikovsky thought the craters resulted from recent interplanetary electrical discharges and did not accept the idea of widespread impact cratering in the planetary system. Neither perspective is very edifying.
Problem 10: The circularization of the orbit of Venus and nongravitational forces in the solar system. Sagan pointed out that there is no evidence that electromagnetic forces play any role in planetary dynamics, and that even if such other forces were at work it would be extremely difficult to change an elongated orbit into a circle (and Venus has the most circular orbit of any planet). These are sound arguments, and neither Velikovsky nor his supporters provided a coherent theory to rationalize the planetary motions that were central to his theory. | 2019-04-18T16:49:05Z | http://www.everythingselectric.com/worlds-not-in-collision/ |
Dawn’s mission director and chief engineer, Dr. Marc Rayman, takes you inside this remarkable solar system adventure. He presents a highly entertaining and accessible description of Dawn’s mission, starting with testing the spacecraft on Earth, then launching it and continuing through the entire deep-space journey. Nontechnical and technical readers alike will appreciate the most comprehensive and lively account available anywhere of a real interplanetary mission, including not only what happens but also how engineers and scientists manage to accomplish such extraordinary feats.
Click the year below to read his blog entries and discover what is so fascinating and inspiring about a bold expedition into the unknown.
Today Dawn is celebrating its 11th anniversary of spaceflight. This is the last dawnniversary the spacecraft will see.
People have been gazing in wonder and appreciation at the beauty of the night sky throughout the history of our species.
A fantastic story of adventure, exploration and discovery is reaching its denouement.
Dawn is going out on a high! Or maybe a low. Rapidly nearing the end of a unique decade-long interplanetary expedition, Dawn is taking phenomenal pictures of dwarf planet Ceres as it swoops closer to the ground than ever before.
A veteran explorer is leisurely orbiting the only dwarf planet in the inner solar system.
Dawn has now logged 4 billion miles (6.4 billion kilometers) on its unique deep-space adventure.
Orbiting the only dwarf planet inside the orbit of Neptune, Dawn is healthy and continuing to carry out its assignments at Ceres with the masterful skill to be expected for such an experienced space explorer.
Dawn has accomplished an extraordinary orbital dance.
A deep-space robotic emissary from Earth is continuing to carry out its extraordinary mission at a distant dwarf planet.
Dawn is concluding a remarkable year of exploring dwarf planet Ceres.
Dawn has just completed another outstandingly successful observation campaign at Ceres.
Nine years ago today, Dawn set sail on an epic journey of discovery and adventure.
Dawn is actively continuing to add details to the intimate portrait it is creating of Ceres, a distant and exotic world.
Dear Glutdawnous Readers, The distant dwarf planet that Dawn is circling is full of mystery and yet growing ever more familiar.
Dear Resplendawnt Readers, Scientists are still working on refining their understanding of this striking region.
Dear Indawnbitably Successful Readers, A story of intense curiosity about the cosmos, passionate perseverance and bold ingenuity, a story more than two centuries in the making, has reached an extraordinary point.
Dear Spellbindawngs, A veteran interplanetary traveler is writing the closing chapter in its long and storied expedition.
Dear Transcendawnts, Dawn is now performing the final act of its remarkable celestial choreography, held close in Ceres’ firm gravitational embrace.
Dear Superintendawnts and Assisdawnts, An intrepid interplanetary explorer is now powering its way down through the gravity field of a distant alien world.
Dear Exuldawnt Readers, Dawn has completed another outstandingly successful campaign to acquire a wealth of pictures and other data in its exploration of dwarf planet Ceres.
Dear Dawnniversaries, eight years ago today, Dawn was gravitationally bound to a planet.
Dear Unhesidawntingly Enthusiastic Readers, an ambitious explorer from Earth is gaining the best views ever of dwarf planet Ceres.
Dear Descendawnts, flying on a blue-green ray of xenon ions, Dawn is gracefully descending toward dwarf planet Ceres.
Dear Evidawnce-Based Readers, Dawn is continuing to unveil a Ceres of mysteries at the first dwarf planet discovered.
Dear Emboldawned Readers, a bold adventurer from Earth is gracefully soaring over an exotic world of rock and ice far, far away.
Let's get Dawn to business, Dear Readers, Dawn's assignment when it embarked on its extraordinary extraterrestrial expedition in 2007 can be described quite simply: explore the two most massive uncharted worlds in the inner solar system.
Dear Dawnticipating Explorers, now orbiting high over the night side of a dwarf planet far from Earth, Dawn arrived at its new permanent residence on March 6.
Dear Unprecedawnted Readers, since its discovery in 1801, Ceres has been known as a planet, then as an asteroid, and later as a dwarf planet.
Dear Fine and Dawndy Readers, the Dawn spacecraft is performing flawlessly as it conducts the first exploration of the first dwarf planet.
Dear Abundawnt Readers, the dwarf planet Ceres is a giant mystery.
Pardawn Me, Dear Readers, far away from Earthlings who look forward to a new year, Dawn looks forward to a new world.
Dear Unidawntified Flying Objects, flying silently and smoothly through the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, Dawn emits a blue-green beam of high velocity xenon ions.
Dear Dawnomalies, farther from Earth and from the sun than it has ever been, Dawn is on course and on schedule for its March 2015 arrival at Ceres, an enigmatic world of rock and ice.
Dear Dawnniversaries, on the seventh anniversary of embarking upon its extraordinary extraterrestrial expedition, the Dawn spacecraft is far from the planet where its journey began.
Dear Omnipodawnt Readers, Dawn draws ever closer to the mysterious Ceres, the largest body between the sun and Pluto not yet visited by a probe from Earth.
Dear Studawnts and Teachers, patient and persistent, silent and alone, Dawn is continuing its extraordinary extraterrestrial expedition.
Dear Dawnosaurs, silently streaking through the main asteroid belt, emitting a blue-green beam of xenon ions, Dawn continues its ambitious interplanetary expedition.
Dear Compedawnt Readers, less than a year from its rendezvous with dwarf planet Ceres, Dawn is continuing to make excellent progress on its ambitious interplanetary adventure.
Dear Correspondawnts, powering its way through deep space, Dawn draws ever closer to dwarf planet Ceres.
Dear Ardawnt Readers, continuing its daring mission to explore some of the last uncharted worlds in the inner solar system, Dawn remains on course and on schedule for its rendezvous with dwarf planet Ceres next year.
Dear Rendawnvous, Dawn is continuing its trek through the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
From Our Chief Engineer: I was delighted to be asked to name my top five accomplishments for the Dawn mission in 2013.
Dear Clairvoydawnts, now more than halfway through its journey from protoplanet Vesta to dwarf planet Ceres, Dawn is continuing to use its advanced ion propulsion system to reshape its orbit around the sun.
Dear Hand-Me-Dawns, gliding smoothly through the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, Dawn continues to make good progress on its ambitious mission of exploration.
Dear All Hallows' Dawns, deep in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, Dawn is continuing its smooth, silent flight toward dwarf planet Ceres.
Dear Dawnniversaries, on the sixth anniversary of leaving Earth to embark on a daring deep-space expedition, Dawn is very, very far from its erstwhile planetary residence.
Dear Antecedawnts, traveling confidently and alone, Dawn continues to make its way through the silent depths of the main asteroid belt.
Dear Megalodawniacs, powering its way through the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, Dawn continues on course and on schedule for its 2015 appointment with dwarf planet Ceres.
Dear Dawnamic Readers, the indefatigable Dawn spacecraft is continuing its extraordinary interplanetary flight on behalf of inquisitive creatures on distant Earth.
Dear Confidawnts, traveling from one alien world to another, Dawn is reliably powering its way through the main asteroid belt with its ion propulsion system.
Dear Dawnscerning Readers, nearly three times as far from Earth as the sun is, the Dawn spacecraft is making very good progress on its ambitious trek from Vesta to Ceres.
Dear Indawnstrious Readers, in the depths of the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, far from Earth, far even from any human-made object, Dawn remains in silent pursuit of dwarf planet Ceres.
Dear Impordawnt Readers, the indefatigable Dawn spacecraft is continuing to forge through the main asteroid belt, gently thrusting with its ion propulsion system.
Dear Dawn't Look Backs, its long and daring interplanetary journey continuing smoothly, Dawn is making good progress in gradually reshaping its orbit around the sun.
Dawn concludes 2012 almost 13,000 times farther from Vesta than it began the year.
Dear Dawndroids, Dawn is continuing to gently and patiently change its orbit around the sun.
Dear Indawnspensable Readers, Dawn is making good progress on the second segment of its cosmic travels.
Dear Dawnniversaries, on the fifth anniversary of the beginning of its ambitious interplanetary adventure, Dawn can look back with great satisfaction on its spectacular exploration of the giant protoplanet Vesta and forward with great eagerness to reaching dwarf planet Ceres.
Dear Marvestalous Readers, an interplanetary spaceship left Earth in 2007.
Dear Dawnpartures, Dawn has completed the final intensive phase of its extraordinary exploration of Vesta, and it has now begun its gradual departure.
Dear Upside Dawn Readers, Dawn is now seeing Vesta in a new light. Once again the probe is diligently mapping the ancient protoplanet it has been orbiting for nearly a year.
Dear Readers of all Dawnominations, far from Earth, on the opposite side of the sun, deep in the asteroid belt, Dawn is gradually spiraling around the giant protoplanet Vesta.
Dear Dawnright Spectacular Readers, Dawn is wrapping up a spectacularly rewarding phase of its mission of exploration.
Dear Dawnscoverers, on March 29, Vesta spent the 205th anniversary of its discovery by treating Dawn to more spectacular vistas, as it does so often these days.
Dear Ups and Dawns, Dawn is continuing its exploits at Vesta, performing detailed studies of the colossal asteroid from its low altitude mapping orbit (LAMO).
Dear Asdawnished Readers, Dawn is scrutinizing Vesta from its low-altitude mapping orbit (LAMO), circling the rocky world five and a half times a day.
Dear Indawnstructibles, Dawn concludes 2011 more than 40 thousand times nearer to Vesta than it began the year.
Continuing its ambitious campaign of exploration deep in the asteroid belt, Dawn has spent most of the past month spiraling ever closer to Vesta.
Dawn’s fourth anniversary of being in space is very different from its previous ones.
Dawn has completed the first phase of its exploration of Vesta with tremendous success, and the peripatetic adventurer is now in powered flight again, on its way to a new location from which to scrutinize its subject.
Dawn is now beginning intensive observations of the alien world it orbits.
Vesta beckons, and Dawn responds.
Dawn remains healthy and on course as it continues to approach Vesta.
Dawn is on the threshold of a new world.
Three and a half years after launch, Dawn continues its travels around the sun, maneuvering to take the same orbital path as Vesta.
Deep in the asteroid belt, Dawn continues thrusting with its ion propulsion system.
Dawn continues its flight through the asteroid belt, steadily heading toward its July rendezvous with Vesta, where it will take up residence for a year.
Dawn's journey ever-deeper into the asteroid belt continues to go well, as the spacecraft carries out its familiar routine of thrusting gently with its ion propulsion system.
Dear Daw9.0s, a new version of the Dawn spacecraft is continuing the ambitious journey through the asteroid belt to uncharted distant worlds.
Dear Adawnherents, Dawn remains on course and on schedule for its appointments with Vesta and Ceres, colossal protoplanets in the main asteroid belt.
Dear Dawnthorities, Dawn continues patiently forging through the asteroid belt, its permanent residence, as it climbs away from Earth and the Sun.
Dear Dawnthropoids, pushing ever farther into space, deeper into the asteroid belt, Dawn is continuing to progress smoothly on its solar system journey.
Dear Plausible Dawniabilities, patiently and reliably continuing with its interplanetary voyage, Dawn is now flying in a new configuration and, from the perspective of those readers who may be on Earth, in a new direction.
Dear Dawnters and Sons, the Dawn mission continues to go smoothly, as Earth’s distant envoy carries out its interplanetary journey.
Dear Dawnticlimaxes, Dawn continues to make steady progress through the solar system as it maintains a gentle pressure on its orbit around the Sun.
Dear Dawn-o’-lanterns, Dawn continues to make steady progress on its journey through the solar system.
Dear Dawnniversaries, Dawn is celebrating the second anniversary of leaving its home planet by engaging in the same function it has performed most of its time in space.
Dear Indawnmitables, the Dawn mission remains on course as the spacecraft continues to thrust with its ion propulsion system, patiently, persistently, and gently changing its orbit to keep its appointment with protoplanet Vesta in two years.
Dear Indawnfatigables, shhhh! Dawn is in “quiet cruise,” and we do not want to disturb it.
Dear Dawnterested Readers, having completed the longest planned coasting period of its entire mission, Dawn is now back to its familiar routine.
Dear Astrodawns, Dawn’s mission continues to go very well, as the spacecraft nears the end of the longest coasting period of its astronomical journey.
Dear Dawngrades, the upgraded Dawn spacecraft is now traveling in a new direction in its orbit around the Sun.
Dear Dawntpanics, Dawn continues to coast quietly and calmly in its orbit around the Sun, keeping its main antenna pointed to faraway Earth.
Dear Dawnlight Saving Times, now boosted into a new solar orbit courtesy of Mars, Dawn continues its interplanetary journey.
Dear Charles Dawnwins, Dawn continues to close in on Mars, ready for the gravitational slingshot that will help it on its expedition to the asteroid belt and its quest to gain insights into the evolution of the solar system.
Dear Dawncers, Dawn continues on course for its pas de deux with Mars on February 17.
Dear Dawncember30ths, having fulfilled all of its assignments for 2008, the Dawn spacecraft has been unusually quiescent recently.
Dear Indawnviduals, the Dawn spacecraft is healthy and on course for its flyby of Mars early next year.
Dear Presidawntial Candidawnts, the Dawn spacecraft continues on course and on schedule for its bold campaign to unexplored worlds.
Dear Dawnniversaries, on the first anniversary of its departure from Earth, Dawn continues with what it has been doing for most of its time in space.
Dear Dawnivores, the Dawn spacecraft continues to make good progress on its adventure to unlock scientific secrets hidden deep in the main asteroid belt, between Mars and Jupiter.
Dear Dawnminants, Dawn continues its flight through the solar system with all systems functioning well.
Dear Dawnlettantes, now using an ion thruster that had been powered off since October, Dawn continues to make steady progress on its journey deeper into space.
Dear Pseudawnyms, the Dawn mission continues smoothly, as the spacecraft reliably thrusts with its ion propulsion system, demonstrating all the patience of a -- well, of an ion-propelled spacecraft!
Dear Dawnocrats, Republidawns, and Indawnpendents, Dawn continues its powered flight, having accumulated more than 100 days of ion thrusting since its launch nearly 7 months ago.
Dear Heliodawns, Dawn is as far from Earth as the Sun.
Dear Phildawnthropists, treating intercalary days just as it does most other days in its interplanetary cruise, today Dawn continues patiently and ever-so-gently reshaping its orbit around the Sun with the delicate yet persistent push from its ion propulsion system.
Dear Dawnnoisseurs, now in interplanetary cruise, the Dawn spacecraft is following a much more leisurely pace than the one it maintained during the initial checkout phase of the mission.
Dear Aficidawnados, Dawn is climbing away from the Sun on a blue-green pillar of xenon ions as it begins a new chapter in its mission.
Dear Dawnocentrics, now more than halfway through its 80-day initial checkout phase, the Dawn spacecraft continues to please its fans in mission control and throughout much of the rest of the universe.
Dear Extraordawnaries, Dawn’s checkout phase continues to go very well.
Dear Xedawnions, joining an elite club among spacecraft, Dawn successfully fired up its xenon ion propulsion system on October 6.
Dear Dawnitsways, the Dawn project welcomes you to deep space! Dawn is operating smoothly on the fourth day of its 8-year adventure.
Dear Countdawns, the countdown is underway for Dawn’s liftoff on September 26 at 7:25:00 am EDT.
Dear Dawntastics, now less than two weeks from its planned September 26 launch, Dawn is eagerly awaiting the beginning of its fantastic adventure.
Dear Dawnbassadors, NASA is preparing (again) to bring Dawn to the Florida skies as all systems are gearing up for a September 26 launch.
Dear Dawntothegrounds, there are two ways for a spacecraft to leave its launch pad.
Dear Dawnpours, just after the previous log was posted, further predictions of poor weather at Cape Canaveral and difficulties with a downrange launch vehicle tracking system required a launch postponement.
Dear Countdawns, the countdown is underway for Dawn’s liftoff on July 8 at 4:04:49 pm EDT.
Dear Dawnventurers, now only two weeks away from its planned launch, Dawn is eagerly awaiting the beginning of its cosmic adventure.
Dear Dawntelligentsia, the complex and intricate steps necessary for Dawn to reach space continue as its launch date grows near.
Dear Dawngineers, Dawn has been greatly enjoying its stay in the Cape Canaveral area, literally the last place on Earth it will be.
Dear Dawnthecoasts, the Dawn spacecraft has completed its longest terrestrial journey on its path to asteroid Vesta and dwarf planet Ceres.
ear DawNRLs, the Dawn spacecraft has just completed the final and most challenging of the environmental tests needed to prepare for its launch and travels through space.
Dear Dawnewyears, the Dawn spacecraft has made its new year's resolution.
Dear Dawnvironments, the Dawn spacecraft is in space! Well, not quite, but it is getting a taste of the space environment, courtesy of the team preparing it for its mission.
Dear Dawntellectuals, there is only about three quarters of a revolution remaining around the Sun before Dawn leaves Earth to travel on its own to distant worlds.
Dear Dawnthusiasts, Dawn continues to keep its human handlers very busy as preparations continue on schedule to meet the planned opening of the launch period on June 20, 2007.
Dear Dawnologists, Dawn is making good progress in preparing for its 2007 launch.
Dear Dawnophile, coming in summer 2007 to a solar system near you (well, near most of you, anyway): the Dawn mission! | 2019-04-25T18:27:14Z | https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/dawn/mission/dawn-journal/ |
Satellite imagery of Hurricane Ike (courtesy of NOAA).
What can weather history teach us? Quite a bit if you talk to Sarah Jamison, a Cleveland, Ohio, based hydrologist with the National Weather Service. Sarah’s what I call a “weather storyteller” — she’s the expert I sought out while researching the strange meteorological events that led to the1913 Dayton flood – a key setting for my up-and-coming historical novel, Torrential.
“The Weather Bureau offices for Indiana and Ohio on the morning of March 24, 1913 were calling for ‘unsettled weather, with rain or snow that night and colder Tuesday,’” Sarah said, referencing historical records during our background interview for my novel.
Of course, what happened over the next 24 hours has gone down in National Weather Service history: a combination of two high-pressure systems created a stream of moisture from the Gulf of Mexico that stalled right over the Ohio Valley, leading to intense rainfall – the equivalent of six months of runoff in two days. Some nine to 11 inches of rain fell that Easter weekend on ground already saturated from an early spring thaw. The torrent proved too much for the city’s levees, which broke early on the morning of March 25, and catapulted the city under up to 24 feet of water in places. The disaster cost Dayton more than 360 lives, and property losses of $100 million, or more than $2 billion in today’s dollars.
Damage from the 1913 Dayton flood.
The flood that laid waste to Dayton wasn’t the end of Ohio’s weather woes. In November of that year, the Great Lakes were struck by a massive storm system combining whiteout blizzard conditions and hurricane force winds. The centennial of the storm, known as the “White Hurricane of 1913,” is this Saturday. It lasted for four days, during which the region endured 90-mile per hour winds and waves reaching 35 feet in height.
She’s often called to document details of past storms for anniversaries – her first such project was the 10th anniversary of Hurricane Floyd that devastated North Carolina. We crossed paths when she worked on the Dayton flood centennial (see blog post marking this event).
Sarah’s passion for informing the public of historical weather disasters serves many purposes, most significantly, “retelling the stories of these historic disasters helps remind people of their vulnerabilities,” says the Florida Institute of Technology meteorology graduate.
Sarah began her National Weather Service career in Portland, Maine, in 2002. She has since worked at the forecast offices in Kansas City and the Outer Banks of North Carolina before being based in Cleveland in 2010.
Sarah, along with her colleagues in climatology, concur that we are experiencing more extreme weather disasters from floods to droughts to hurricanes and tornadoes (The Writing Well previously addressed the topic of extreme weather when it featured award-winning science journalist Linda Marsa, author of Fevered).
In 2012, weather and climate disasters cost the U.S. $110 billion, with Hurricane Sandy alone causing damages of $65 billion, NOAA reported.
Often in these storms, loss of life is due to people not recognizing that they are in a life-threatening situation. Sarah and her National Weather Service colleagues are now collaborating more closely with public and private agencies to promote public safety and preparedness in the face of devastating storms. The group, Silver Jackets, was launched during the centennial of the Great Dayton Flood. It leverages the resources and manpower of dozens of agencies.
As I watch news headlines of the impending land fall of Super Typhoon Haiyan, predicted by some to be the largest storm ever recorded, over the Philippine Islands, I can’t help being thankful that the US is marshaling its resources to build a more coordinated early-warning platform here.
As for Sarah, she’s already looking ahead to the next opportunity to educate the public. NOAA and the National Weather Service are sponsoring “Storms of the Great Lakes” exhibit at the Great Lakes Science Center on the Cleveland waterfront mainly to pay tribute to the “White Hurricane” of 1913. Sarah also is gearing up for the anniversary of Hurricane Hazel. Unfortunately (or fortunately) for this history-minded hydrologist, there are no shortage of regions in the country from which to find weather disasters.
This entry was posted in Book Research, Storytellers and tagged Dayton Flood of 1913, lessons of storms, National Weather Service, Sarah Jamison, Silver Jackets, storm anniversaries, weather storyteller on November 7, 2013 by AnneWainscott.
The April 2, 1913 edition of The Dayton Daily News.
One hundred years ago today, my hometown experienced its worst-ever natural disaster. On March 25, 1913, unprecedented storm systems and resulting rainfall caused Dayton’s Great Miami, Mad and Stillwater Rivers to flood, laying waste to the city. Some nine to 11 inches of rain fell from March 23-25 on ground already saturated from an early spring thaw.
By the time the waters — which reached as high as 24 feet in some areas — receded a few days later, more than 360 residents and 1,400 horses and mules had perished. Entire blocks were decimated from water and out-of-control fires. The region’s losses totaled $100 million, or more than $2 billion in today’s dollars.
My grandmother, Emma Wainscott, was only five years old when the flood waters swamped her family home on Van Buren Street. Within hours, the house took on 13 feet of water, leaving the family marooned on the upper floor of their two-story home. She watched as men in NCR flat-bottom boats rescued her elderly neighbor from an upstairs window. Before it was over, National Cash Register had built 300 boats used in rescue efforts. My grandmother’s recollections inspired my soon-to-be completed novel, Torrential.
My narrative opens on Good Friday, with a group of Dayton boarding house residents living on Van Buren Street (an area known today as the Oregon District).
Technically a work of historical fiction, Torrential nevertheless features many colorful true characters, including John H. Patterson, NCR’s indomitable founder, and Arthur Morgan, the son of a Minnesota surveyor, who devised Dayton’s permanent flood-control solution.
Patterson, a man who knew about Dayton’s tendency to flood from his youth collecting tolls for the Miami and Erie Canal, galvanized his factory into a massive relief operation. His quick actions saved the city from an even more significant loss of life. Patterson had a lot on his mind that spring — five weeks earlier he and other company officers had been convicted of Sherman anti-trust violations and faced a year of jail time.
I began my book research last spring when I stayed in the Oregon District, a block from my grandmother’s childhood home. In addition to a visit to NCR’s Historical Archives, I interviewed the chief engineer at the Miami Valley Conservancy District, one of the U.S.’s first major flood-control districts and the brainchild of Morgan. I have since interviewed two of his grandchildren, including Faith Morgan, executive director of the Arthur Morgan Institute for Community Solutions. She described her grandfather as an avid outdoorsman with a strong sense of right and wrong, who analyzed problems from all angles.
Sarah Jamison, a Cleveland-based National Weather Service meteorologist, detailed for me the rare weather systems that converged to cause the widespread flooding on that long-ago Eastertide. She noted that on Good Friday a severe wind storm with gale-force winds hit Dayton from the Great Lakes.
On March 25, Ohio Governor James Cox declared Martial Law in Dayton, appointing Adj. General George H. Wood as the city’s military governor. Interestingly, Wood, a Dayton native who eventually would command 3,000 Ohio National Guard troops, had as his base of operations NCR Building No. 10.
Many people today don’t realize that back in 1913, there was no flood insurance or FEMA. Americans hated the idea of accepting charity, as noted by NCR employees who rejected Patterson’s offer of a free hot lunch; they insisted on paying for their meal.
Within ten days of the disaster, Daytonians, many reeling from their own losses, raised $2 million for a flood prevention fund.
When the American Red Cross arrived on the scene to help care for the stricken residents, staff were so impressed with the city’s dignity and perseverance that they lowered their flag as a sign of respect.
Torrential carries readers through the flood and the rebuilding of Dayton, including the remarkable work of Morgan. At its essence, Torrential is a love story — told through the eyes of two main characters — Hannah, the boarding house’s eldest daughter, and Kieran, an Irish boarder working for his uncle at NCR’s Wood-Working Department. Along the way, another kind of love story has emerged — one of a city’s indomitable spirit in its darkest hour.
Anne Wainscott-Sargent anticipates completing her historical fiction novel, Torrential, in 2013 and will be seeking a publishing home for the book. Check back at this blog often for details on her experiences bringing Dayton’s worst natural disaster to life on the page.
Round-up of flood awareness events compiled by the Silver Jackets, a collaboration of federal and state partners working to anticipate and reduce risks related to flooding and other natural hazards.
Dayton Daily News article about how library exhibits throughout Ohio are commemorating the flood.
This entry was posted in Book Research and tagged 1913 Dayton Flood, historical fiction, John H. Patterson, NCR, writing on March 25, 2013 by AnneWainscott.
#1 Read as many books in your given genre as possible before you tackle your book. If you are focused on a period piece, read letters, official records and books of that period. Reading also will help you capture the language of your characters more realistically. I’m in the middle of researching the turn-of-the century in Dayton, Ohio, on the brink of a great flood. I just finished the definitive book on that tragedy and I also spent time at a corporate archive where I scoured newspaper accounts of the tragedy and letters from eye witnesses caught up in the flood.
#2 Interview sources. I love this part of research probably because I interview people for a living. I always enjoy talking to individuals from all walks of life and learning something new. My first book, a memoir that told the stories of 19 mothers and daughters separated too soon from smoking-related illnesses, involved me interviewing the surviving daughters and one mother. I took a documentary, first-person storytelling approach setting the stage for each chapter with the circumstances of each daughter (or mother’s) life. My book wouldn’t have been possible without primary interviews. But even with my historical fiction project I am relying on interviews because the story details actual events and includes public figures who played integral roles in the flood response. I interviewed a long-time Dayton Daily News columnist, whose grandparents were caught up in the flood and who has written about the flood for three decades. I also consulted with the chief engineer at the Miami Conservancy District, legislatively established in the aftermath of the Great Flood as part of the city’s permanent flood control response.
#3 Establish place. Visit the location of your book — if it’s your own backyard in the north Georgia Mountains or a family lake house, good. You don’t have to travel far! But, don’t take shortcuts and think you’ve captured the unique flavor of your book’s locale if you haven’t experienced it. If your setting is an old boarding house, stay at one (find a B and B with the original mason work and creaking floors).
Author and writing coach Jedwin Smith advised me on my trip back to an old house in Dayton’s historical district to look at the direction in which the sun rises and sets, to study the texture of the walls and the wood, and to memorize the views from each window, especially those on the upper level. If your setting is a period house, go room to room and close your eyes and try to imagine what the room felt like back during the time of your book — what kind of furniture was there? What the lawn was like—figurines, shrubs, flowers, the car that would have been parked outside?
My great grandparents’ home in downtown Dayton during the turn of the century.
“Whenever visiting historical sites, I always allowed myself to step back in time; imagining what I would have done, how I would have felt. This helped greatly, for no matter how much time has elapsed between the event and today, emotional reactions are pretty much the same. So in that regard, trust your heart and your instincts,” Jedwin says.
If your book is set in another realm, establishing place is very much an exercise of your imagination but still you need to draw on inspiration from reality.
This entry was posted in Book Research, Writing Resources and tagged Historical fiction research tips on May 15, 2012 by AnneWainscott.
I read a profile on John Irving last night in TIME. The American novelist, who penned his first novel at age 26 in 1968 and went on to write bestsellers, The World According to Garp and The Cider House Rules, has been called a contemporary Dickens. He’s not afraid to tackle tough issues – from sexuality and abortion to AIDS.
On Tuesday, his newest novel, In One Person: A Novel, comes out. This novel is an intimate and unforgettable portrait of the solitariness of a bisexual man who is dedicated to making himself “worthwhile.” The story covers the decades of the 50s, 60s and 70s. Irving, who has a grown gay son, had already been researching the book before his son’s orientation was known.
“Research has always been an essential part of Irving’s writing process,” TIME reporter Benjamin Percy states in the article. To illustrate, he shares how Irving did research for the restaurant scenes in his book, Last Night Twisted River, about a father and son set in a sawmill mining camp, by spending hours observing the cooks at one of his favorite restaurants, Pastis, in Toronto (Irving spits time between Toronto and Vermont). He also uses flashback – forward and back – avoiding telling the story chronologically.
A view of downtown Dayton ‘s Main Street from 4th on March 25, 1913.
Both of these points are helpful as I think about my first historical novel that will tell the stories of a group of fictional Daytonians caught up in the 1913 Flood. I spent part of my Spring Break this year in Dayton researching the flood and the key figures who played heroic roles during and after the catastrophe.
Fortunately, I have many rich resources to draw upon as I try to recreate the sense of place and people of my hometown at the turn of the century. Dayton at that time was a dynamic place to be…home to the likes of the Wright Brothers, who first took flight; Charles Kettering, who invented the automobile self starter; and John H. Patterson, founder of the National Cash Register Company, who overnight turned his company into a massive rescue operation for Dayton’s community in its moment of greatest peril. The Dayton Engineering Club provides bio sketches of some of these “giants” on the Dayton Innovation Legacy website. The one drawback was that the city was prone to flooding, and during that unseasonably warm spring, three great air masses converged to set the stage for disaster.
Flashback also will be a helpful technique for my book. The setting for most of my story will be a stately boarding house in Dayton’s present-day Oregon District. A family with two sisters nearly 10 years apart lives on the first floor (soon to be under 13 feet of water), while a handful of boarders reside in rooms on the second floor. Many decades later, the younger sister, now in her 90s and confined to a wheelchair in a Dayton nursing home, remembers her beloved sister on the anniversary of the great flood, when her college-age granddaughter comes visiting. From there the grandmother shares the tale of destruction, heroism and sacrifice that occurred in her community on that long-ago Eastertide.
This entry was posted in Book Research, Writing Tips and tagged flashback, John Irving, research and the writing process on May 5, 2012 by AnneWainscott. | 2019-04-22T06:13:48Z | http://annewainscott.com/category/book-research/page/2/ |
All Spectrum Management and Telecommunications publications are available on the following website: http://ic.gc.ca/spectrum.
2. Part A provides background information on the development of the conditions of licence and additional guidance for Licensees, while Part B contains the conditions of licence.
3. This revision has incorporated pertinent information from the Guidelines for Compliance with the Conditions of Licence Relating to Antenna Tower and Site Sharing and to Prohibit Exclusive Site Arrangements (GL-06) and Responses to Questions for Clarification on the AWS Policy and Licensing Frameworks . GL-06 has been rescinded with the publication of this revised CPC.
4. It should be noted that anyone proposing to install an antenna system continues to be required to follow CPC-2-0-03, Radiocommunication and Broadcasting Antenna Systems .Footnote 2 Licensees are also required to follow the amended conditions of licence in this CPC.
5. Should Licensees require additional clarification or information on these conditions of licence, they should contact Industry Canada at [email protected].
6. The Minister of Industry, through the Department of Industry Act , the Radiocommunication Act and the Radiocommunication Regulations , with due regard to the objectives of the Telecommunications Act , is responsible for spectrum management in Canada. As such, the Minister is responsible for developing policies and processes for the spectrum resource and ensuring effective management of the radio frequency spectrum resource. Subsection 5(1) of the Radiocommunication Act gives the Minister of Industry the power to fix and amend the terms and conditions of spectrum licences. The Minister may suspend or revoke a radio authorization if the Licensees have contravened the Radiocommunication Act , the Radiocommunication Regulations or the terms or conditions of the radio authorizations.
7. In DGRB-010-07,Footnote 3 published on November 28, 2007, Industry Canada initiated a public consultation on proposed conditions of licence for mandatory roaming and antenna tower and site sharing. In November 2008, Industry Canada released CPC-2-0-17,Footnote 4 which adopted the licence conditions as set out in DGRB 002-08,Footnote 5 Conditions of Licence for Mandatory Roaming and Antenna Tower and Site Sharing and to Prohibit Exclusive Site Arrangements .
8. In February 2009, comments were soughtFootnote 6 on issues that arose during the initial tower and site sharing negotiations. In April 2009, Industry Canada issued GL-06,Footnote 7 Guidelines for Compliance with the Conditions of Licence Relating to Antenna Tower and Site Sharing and to Prohibit Exclusive Site Arrangements , which clarified some of the phrases used in the conditions of licence.
10. Revisions to the framework were subsequently announced in March 2013 (DGSO-001-13). Those revisions, along with the incorporation of text from GL-06 and from the Responses to Questions for Clarification on the AWS Policy and Licensing Frameworks , are reflected in Issue 2 of this CPC. CPC-2-0-18, Industry Canada’s Arbitration Rules and Procedures , was also revised (Issue 2). GL-06 has been rescinded with the publication of Issue 2 of this CPC.
11. The mandatory tower and site sharing conditions of licence apply to all Licensees in all bands who are telecommunications common carriers as defined in the Telecommunications Act .
12. The antenna tower and site sharing process will have the characteristics outlined below.
13. After having identified a potential site for sharing, the Party that wishes to share (Requesting Operator) may contact the site owner/operator who is subject to the conditions of licence (Responding Licensee) in order to obtain a preliminary information package (PIP) for a technical analysis of the site. Each request for a PIP must be assigned a unique identification number by the Requesting Operator which must be used by both parties as a common sharing request identifier.
14. When asked, the Responding Licensee must provide the PIP (which includes available technical data on the site) within two weeks of receiving a complete PIP request. The conditions of licence in Part B, Section 1.3 of this CPC outline the minimum information required both in the PIP request and in the subsequent response.
15. Both parties should work together to exchange information expeditiously. The Requesting Operator should consider prioritizing sites when submitting a large number of requests.
16. The Responding Licensee is responsible for coordinating and granting access to the site on request, as set out in the conditions of licence. Generally speaking, this access should be granted within one week of the request. Extenuating circumstances, such as access to a remote location or adverse weather conditions, could justify a short delay. Should the site be leased, the Responding Licensee must provide the Requesting Operator with the landlord’s contact information as part of the PIP. Where an exclusivity clause is in place, the Licensee must provide immediate notification to the landlord demonstrating that it is prepared to waive the exclusivity clause in its agreement.
17. The Requesting Operator is responsible for carrying out its own technical analysis.
18. After reviewing and analyzing the PIP, the Requesting Operator may then submit a Proposal to Share to the Responding Licensee, including identification of any technical requirements and/or modifications that the Requesting Operator anticipates may be required to permit sharing. The time frames for this step of the process commence on the date that the Responding Licensee receives the Proposal to Share.
19. The Responding Licensee is responsible for conducting its own technical analysis, if required, and shall respond within 30 days with a draft Offer to Share (Offer) in each case where sharing is technically feasible. Note that Industry Canada expects that sharing will be technically feasible in the vast majority of cases.
20. If after 60 days from the date that the Responding Licensee receives the Proposal to Share, the Responding Licensee and the Requesting Operator have not entered into a Site‑Sharing Agreement or have not agreed to any interim arrangement, the Licensee must then submit or agree to submit the matter to arbitration in accordance with CPC-2-0-18, Industry Canada’s Arbitration Rules and Procedures , as amended from time to time.
21. If within 60 days, the Responding Licensee has not received a response from the Requesting Operator to an Offer to Share, the Licensee may treat the Offer to Share as withdrawn with no further obligations. A response may simply be an acknowledgement by the Requesting Operator that additional time is required to consider the Offer.
22. The operation of a Requesting Operator’s radiocommunication system relies on more than just mechanical access to an antenna-supporting structure. In order to be considered to be negotiating in good faith, Responding Licensees must offer access to ancillary equipment and services at commercial rates that are reasonably comparable to rates currently charged to others for similar access. Such access and services shall therefore be part of the preliminary information exchange, the negotiations and the eventual arbitration, if required.
23. Where the Licensee is party to an agreement that includes a provision excluding other operators from the use of a Site, then, in order to facilitate the sharing of Sites, the Licensee must consent to waiving that portion of the agreement to facilitate a Request to Share. As applicable, the Licensee must consent to or, in a commercially reasonable manner, seek the consent of third parties to the assignment, sublease or other rights of access to Sites, pursuant to any agreement or arrangement to which the Licensee is a party. In addition, the Licensee must not enter into or renew agreements that exclude other operators from using a Site. Licence conditions do not apply to independent landlords. However, exclusivity provisions may be waived by either party to a lease, including either or both the Licensee and an independent landlord.
24. Mandatory tower sharing does not displace the Responding Licensee’s needs in favour of the Requesting Operator’s, but requires that both parties be open to negotiating fair commercial terms for access; neither does the licence condition force the Responding Licensee to replace or rebuild a tower at its own expense.
25. Industry Canada expects both near-term and longer term future use requirements to be the subject of good faith negotiations. Unless a space on an antenna tower is properly identified as reserved for "imminent future use" or "reserved for a third party" in accordance with this CPC, that space must be deemed to be available for negotiation of a tower sharing agreement.
26. Imminent Future Use: Equipment installations specifically identified in the Responding Licensee’s plans and to be installed within the 18 months immediately following the submission of a PIP request may be identified as "imminent future use" on the tower profile portion of the PIP. Plans for use of this space are not expected to be disrupted for the purposes of this condition of licence unless both parties agree to negotiate access to the space. As imminent use forms a portion of near term future needs, plans for imminent future use must be reasonable and well‑documented.
27. Where an assessment of non-compliance is being made with respect to this requirement, the Licensee may be required to provide evidence (such as installation agreements, appropriate authorizations or other relevant documentation) to Industry Canada demonstrating that the space will be put into service within 18 months.
28. For every PIP that is sent to a Requesting Operator that includes a reservation for imminent future use, the Responding Licensee must also provide a copy of the PIP to Industry Canada at the following email: [email protected]. This requirement also applies to any subsequent modifications made during the negotiation.
29. Reservations Beyond 18 Months: Where the tower owner is reserving space because there is a plan to install equipment on the tower beyond the next 18 months, that space may be identified as "future use" in the PIP and dealt with during the negotiation process. Reasonable and well-documented near-term needs beyond 18 months are legitimate considerations in the negotiation process. Longer term future needs alone will not be considered a reason not to share.
30. Reservations for a Third Party: Any space reserved on a tower identified for future use by a third party (where a contract is in place for a specific location on a tower) should be identified as part of the PIP. In this situation, as is the case with the Licensee’s future plans, a third party’s imminent installation is not expected to be disrupted, unless all the parties reach an agreement. All other third party future plans (near‑term and longer term) should be open to three-way negotiations.
31. Licensees must submit regular reports to Industry Canada, upon request, on the status of antenna tower and site sharing negotiations and on the number of sites and degree of sharing in their network. These regular reports will initially be required on a semi‑annual basis detailing the preceding six‑month period. Licensees must submit these reports to Industry Canada using a standardized template, which can be obtained from Industry Canada’s Spectrum Management and Telecommunications website.Footnote 10 Reports will not be required if there has been no change to the requested data since the previous reporting period. Industry Canada will notify licensees through its website in advance of any changes to these reporting requirements. The reports must be sent via email to [email protected].
32. Since most of the information included in the response to a PIP request is in the public domain and since only basic technical information is being shared (including information regarding imminent future use), Industry Canada does not believe that a non‑disclosure agreement (NDA) is required prior to the release of the PIP and would therefore not be a valid reason to delay providing the PIP.
33. If parties agree to sign an NDA during their negotiations, it should be appropriate and generic in nature, should not include provisions that are unique to a single operator or group and should not prohibit negotiation with other parties nor prohibit communication with Industry Canada.
34. The conditions of licence apply to all Licensees in the Cellular, Personal Communications Services (PCS), Advanced Wireless Services (AWS), Mobile Broadband Service (MBS) and Broadband Radio Service (BRS) bands.
35. Roaming enables a subscriber (a Roamer) already served by one carrier’s network (the Home Network) to originate or terminate voice or data traffic on another carrier’s network (the Host Network). Accordingly, a subscriber cannot roam unless he or she is already served on another radio access network. A carrier must therefore be offering service on its own network before its subscribers may benefit from roaming on another network, thus it does not include resale.
36. Roaming must be offered where technically feasible. Given the wide range of Roaming Agreements currently in place, both domestically and internationally, across networks operating with a range of technologies, Industry Canada does not anticipate that technical feasibility will be an impediment to roaming. The basic technical requirement for roaming is that the subscriber has a device technically capable of accessing the Host Network.
37. As a general principle, roaming should provide a Roamer with the ability to access voice and data services offered by the Roamer’s Home Network at a level of quality comparable to that offered for similar services by the Host Network carrier to its own subscribers. For further clarity, the policy does not require a Host Network carrier to provide a Roamer with a service that the Host Network operator does not itself provide to its own subscribers, nor to provide a Roamer with a service which the Roamer’s Home Network operator does not itself provide.
38. Seamless communications hand‑off between Home and Host Networks (i.e. which ensures no interruption of communications in progress) is not mandated; however, this service may be the subject of negotiations.
39. Roaming should provide for the origination and termination of calls on the Host Network automatically, without the need for any special facilitating action by the Roamer.
40. Nothing in the policy, however, is intended to limit the ability of carriers to conclude commercial agreements that are not mandated by this policy.
41. Requests for mandatory roaming on Cellular, PCS, AWS, MBS and BRS Licensees’ networks will follow the process outlined below.
42. The Party that wishes to roam (Requesting Operator) may contact the Cellular, PCS, AWS, MBS or BRS Licensee who is subject to conditions of licence for mandatory roaming (Responding Licensee) to obtain a preliminary information package (PIP) in order to prepare a proposal to enter into a Roaming Agreement (Roaming Proposal). Upon request, the Responding Licensee must provide available technical information, such as technical data, engineering information, network requirements and other information relevant to formulating a Roaming Proposal within two weeks of receiving the request.
43. After reviewing and analyzing the PIP, the Requesting Operator may then submit a Roaming Proposal to the Responding Licensee.
44. The Responding Licensee must respond to a Roaming Proposal from a Requesting Operator within 30 days with a response in writing and an offer to enter into a Roaming Agreement. In the event that the Licensee believes that the Roaming Proposal is not technically feasible, the Licensee must provide the Requesting Operator with a response detailing the reasons why it considers roaming is not feasible (accompanied by any applicable technical information) and submit that evidence to Industry Canada if the Requesting Operator requests that Industry Canada review the reasons provided by the Licensee in accordance with this condition.
45. If after 60 days from the date that the Responding Licensee receives the Roaming Proposal, the Responding Licensee and the Requesting Operator have not entered into a Roaming Agreement or have not agreed to any interim arrangement, the Licensee must submit or agree to submit the matter to arbitration in accordance with CPC-2-0-18, Industry Canada’s Arbitration Rules and Procedures , as amended from time to time.
46. Costs incurred at each step of the roaming and tower sharing processes will generally be borne by the party carrying out the step. For instance, the cost of technical analyses in the preliminary information stage or carried out in order to prepare or respond to a Proposal to Share or a Roaming Proposal will be borne by the parties conducting the analyses. The Requesting Operator would not have to compensate the Responding Licensee for costs associated with providing the existing technical information about the site, including the Responding Licensee’s review of such requests and technical analysis. Furthermore, the Requesting Operator would not have to compensate the Responding Licensee for costs associated with providing existing technical information related to the mandatory roaming arrangement requested.
47. Although it is anticipated that, in general, costs associated with the arbitration process will be apportioned equally between the party requesting sharing and the responding party, the Arbitration Rules allow the Arbitrator the discretion to allocate costs.
48. Generally, costs associated with any public consultation or land‑use consultation will be the responsibility of the Requesting Operator.
49. Responding Licensees must respond to requests for information and Proposals to Share or Roaming Proposals received from a provisional licence winner prior to licence issuance.
50. If a Responding Licensee, after conducting its technical assessment, considers a Roaming Proposal or a Proposal to Share not to be technically feasible, then the Responding Licensee must inform the Requesting Operator of this as soon as possible and provide the appropriate technical rationale. If the Requesting Operator disagrees with this assessment, it may ask Industry Canada to render a decision on technical feasibility.
51. Industry Canada expects that roaming and tower sharing will be technically feasible in the vast majority of cases. Where a disagreement exists over other issues, it can be dealt with either through commercial negotiations or through the binding arbitration process, if necessary.
52. Industry Canada will assess issues relating to technical feasibility. Unless otherwise directed, a technical feasibility review will not alter the timelines to complete negotiations or proceed to arbitration, if required.
53. Parties can also contact Industry Canada at any time during negotiations where clarification is required with respect to the application or interpretation of the conditions of licence. All issues relating to commercial terms (such as rates or terms contained in agreements) are to be dealt with through negotiation with recourse to arbitration.
55. If the parties cannot complete negotiations and come to an agreement, they may choose any method of dispute resolution. In lieu of an agreement on dispute resolution, the licensees must agree to use the mandatory arbitration procedures as specified in CPC-2-0-18, Industry Canada’s Arbitration Rules and Procedures .
56. The Minister of Industry has the authority under Subsection 5(2) of the Radiocommunication Act to suspend or revoke a radio authorization where the Licensee has contravened the terms or conditions of that authorization. Where a Licensee is found to be in non-compliance with these conditions of licence, Industry Canada may consider the suspension or revocation, in whole or in part, of the Licensee's radio and/or spectrum licences associated with the site where the breach of licence occurred. In addition, the Licensee may be subject to prosecution if it is operating equipment without complying with the terms of its authorization, including these conditions of licence.
57. The revised conditions of licence have been developed to further facilitate roaming and tower sharing agreements in order to advance the policy objectives of supporting competition, encouraging investment and reducing tower proliferation. Should these conditions of licence prove to be insufficient in facilitating these goals, the Minister of Industry, in accordance with Paragraph 5(1)(b) of the Radiocommunication Act , may consider further amending the terms and conditions of the licences or seeking other policy and/or legislative solutions.
58. Many spectrum licences have been issued with a high expectation of renewal; however, that expectation only applies where the licence conditions are being met. As a result, a renewal may be denied or a licence not fully renewed where there is a breach of any of the conditions of licence. This has been clearly articulated in various policy and licensing documents and has remained a consistent criterion for the renewal of all long‑term licences.
59. Furthermore, to the extent that non‑compliance impairs or frustrates the policy objectives for which these licence conditions were established, consideration may be given in future licensing processes to more prescriptive and/or restrictive policy measures. Such policy changes could affect Industry Canada’s future plans for spectrum use, licensing and renewal.
60. In addition to the regular reporting requirements specified in the conditions of licence, licensees are required to provide Industry Canada with information relating to roaming and tower sharing activities as per this CPC, upon request. Where the response includes information that the licensee deems to be confidential or commercially sensitive in nature, the information should be labelled as such. Industry Canada will treat all information received in accordance with the Access to Information Act .
The mandatory tower and site sharing conditions of licence apply to all Licensees in all bands who are telecommunications common carriers as defined in the Telecommunications Act .
– the Licensee must not enter into or renew agreements that exclude other operators from using a Site.
The Licensee must share its sites containing antenna-supporting structures, where technically feasible, when requested to do so by any other telecommunications common carrier as defined in the Telecommunications Act or by a provisional licence winner who will be operating as a telecommunications common carrier in accordance with a licensing process (A Requesting Operator).
– Upon reasonable notice by the Requesting Operator, the Licensee shall facilitate accessFootnote 14 to the Site so that a formal Proposal to Share can be formulated.
In the event that the Licensee believes that the Proposal to Share is not technically feasible, the Licensee must provide the Requesting Operator with a response detailing the reasons why it considers that site sharing is not feasible (accompanied by any applicable technical information) and submit that evidence to Industry Canada if the Requesting Operator requests that Industry Canada reviews the reasons provided by the Licensee in accordance with this condition.
Notwithstanding the Licensee’s initial response, if Industry Canada reviews the matter of technical feasibility under Section 4(b) above and finds that sharing is technically feasible, then the Licensee will respond to the Proposal to Share with an offer to enter into a Site-Sharing Agreement in a timely manner.
Licensees must negotiate with a Requesting Operator in good faith, with a view to concluding a Site Sharing Agreement in a timely manner. In order to be considered as negotiating in good faith, Responding Licensees must offer access to ancillary equipment and services at commercial rates that are reasonably comparable to rates currently charged to others for similar access.
If after 60 days from the date that the Licensee receives a Proposal to Share, the Licensee and the Requesting Operator have not entered into a Site-Sharing Agreement or have not agreed to any interim arrangement, the Licensee must submit or agree to submit the matter to arbitration in accordance with Industry Canada’s Arbitration Rules and Procedures ,Footnote 15 as amended from time to time. The Licensee shall agree that the Arbitral Tribunal shall have all necessary powers to determine all of the questions in dispute (including those relating to determining the appropriate terms of the Site Sharing Agreement and those relating to procedural matters under the arbitration) and that any arbitral award or results under this condition of licence shall be final and binding with no right of appeal, subject to applicable provincial or territorial legislation. The Licensee must participate fully in such arbitration and follow all directions of the Arbitral Tribunal in accordance with Industry Canada’s Arbitration Rules and Procedures and any arbitration procedures established by the Arbitral Tribunal.
If within 60 days, the Licensee has not received a response from the Requesting Operator to an Offer to Share, the Licensee may treat the Offer to Share as withdrawn with no further obligations.
The Licensee must submit regular reports to Industry Canada, upon request, on the status of antenna tower and site sharing negotiations and on the number of sites and degree of sharing in their network. Reports will initially be required on a semi‑annual basis detailing the preceding six-month period. Licensees must submit reports to Industry Canada using a standardized template, available on Industry Canada’s Spectrum Management and Telecommunications website.Footnote 16 Reports will not be required if there has been no change to the requested data since the previous reporting period. The reports must be sent via email to [email protected].
The conditions of licence described below apply to all Licensees in the Cellular, Personal Communications Services (PCS), Advanced Wireless Services (AWS), Mobile Broadband Service (MBS) and Broadband Radio Service (BRS) bands.
The Licensee must provide automatic digital roaming (roaming) by way of a Roaming Agreement(s) on all of its networks in the Cellular, PCS, AWS, MBS and BRS bands in all of its licensed service areas to any other Licensee in these bands, including a provisional licence winner in accordance with a licensing process in these bands (A Requesting Operator).
Roaming should function without the need for any special facilitating action by the customer.
In order to satisfy the condition of roaming in accordance with this licence, the Licensee must respond to a request for information by a Requesting Operator within two weeks of receiving the request by providing a preliminary information package (PIP) to the Requesting Operator that includes preliminary technical information, such as technical data, engineering information, network requirements and other information relevant to formulating a Roaming Proposal.
In the event that the Licensee believes that the Roaming Proposal is not technically feasible, the Licensee must provide the Requesting Operator with a response detailing the reasons why it considers that roaming is not feasible (accompanied by any applicable technical information) and submit that evidence to Industry Canada if the Requesting Operator requests that Industry Canada review the reasons provided by the Licensee, in accordance with this condition.
Notwithstanding the Licensee’s initial response, if Industry Canada reviews the matter of technical feasibility under Section 4(b) above and finds that roaming is technically feasible, then the Licensee will respond to the Roaming Proposal with an offer to enter into a Roaming Agreement.
Licensees must negotiate with a Requesting Operator in good faith, with a view to concluding a Roaming Agreement in a timely manner.
If after 60 days from the date that the Licensee receives the Roaming Proposal, the Licensee and the Requesting Operator have not entered into a Roaming Agreement or have not agreed to any interim arrangement, the Licensee must submit or agree to submit the matter to arbitration, in accordance with Industry Canada’s Arbitration Rules and Procedures ,Footnote 17 as amended from time to time. The Licensee shall agree that the Arbitral Tribunal shall have all necessary powers to determine all of the questions in dispute (including those relating to determining the appropriate terms of the Roaming Agreement and those relating to procedural matters under the arbitration) and that any arbitral award or results under this condition of licence shall be final and binding with no right of appeal, subject to applicable provincial or territorial legislation. The Licensee must participate fully in such an arbitration and follow all directions of the Arbitral Tribunal in accordance with Industry Canada’s Arbitration Rules and Procedures and any arbitration procedures established by the Arbitral Tribunal.
This decision was taken following the public consultation announced in Gazette Notice DGSO-001-12, Proposed Revisions to the Frameworks for Mandatory Roaming and Antenna Tower and Site Sharing ( http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/h_sf10204.html).
See CPC-2-0-03, Radiocommunication and Broadcasting Antenna Systems (http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/sf08777.html).
See DGRB-010-07, Consultation on Proposed Conditions of Licence to Mandate Roaming and Antenna Tower and Site Sharing and to Prohibit Exclusive Site Arrangements (http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/sf08834.html).
See CPC-2-0-17, Conditions of Licence for Mandatory Roaming and Antenna Tower and Site Sharing and to Prohibit Exclusive Site Arrangements (http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/sf09081.html).
See DGRB-002-08, Conditions of Licence for Mandatory Roaming and Antenna Tower and Site Sharing and to Prohibit Exclusive Site Arrangements (http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/h_sf08869.html).
See Consultation Letter – Issues Related to the Preliminary Phase of the Antenna Tower and Site-Sharing Process (http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/sf09271.html).
Refer to Guidelines for Compliance with the Conditions of Licence Relating to Antenna Tower and Site Sharing and to Prohibit Exclusive Site Arrangements (GL-06) (http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/sf09390.html).
See press release (November 2010): “Minister Clement Updates Canadians on Canada's Digital Economy Strategy” (http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/064.nsf/eng/06096.html).
Refer to Proposed Revisions to the Frameworks for Mandatory Roaming and Antenna Tower and Site Sharing (http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/sf10250.html).
Refer to the Framework for Mandatory Roaming and Antenna Tower and Site Sharing webpage (http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/h_sf10290.html).
Refer to CPC-2-0-18 Industry Canada’s Arbitration Rules and Procedures (http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/sf09079.html).
A PIP request will be considered complete if it contains, at a minimum, a unique sharing request identifier assigned by the Requesting Operator and two of the following: (1) the Licensee’s site reference number (2) the site address (3) geographical coordinates. Some of this information may be available from Industry Canada’s Spectrum Direct website (http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/sd-sd.nsf/eng/Home). Information may also be obtained from the Licensee.
See Part A, Section 2.2 (Process Overview) of this document for specifics regarding this provision.
Refer to CPC-2-0-18 Industry Canada's Arbitration Rules and Procedures (http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/sf09079.html). | 2019-04-21T04:20:51Z | https://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/sf09081.html |
-Very simple setup on the device. Once you have your group policies set up, it takes around ten minutes to setup each device.
-Locks down the device entirely. In weeks of testing I was never able to break the interface on the device, which is more than I can say for many of its competitors.
-File Management allows you to send files and folders to your techs in the field directly, without worrying about email or messaging software. Super handy.
-Remote cast could work a little better??
Overall: I found Mobilock as I was looking for a MDM solution for my Android tablet deployment. I was looking for a kiosk-type lockdown mode. I got more than that with this software. It did exactly what I needed, including not only the lockdown, but a browser-level whitelist, robust tracking features, and a very intuitive and easy-to-use management software. Being cloud-based, it's convenient even on a mobile platform, and gives you the flexibility to manage your devices from anywhere.
I looked for a similar solution for iOS devices (as Mobilock doesn't yet work for iOS devices), and in the process used six different MDM software suites, some from big names in the industry. The Mobilock dashboard was the best out of the bunch. Adding specific-role admins was incredibly easy, and absolutely necessary in my deployment. Even less tech savvy people in my office were able to navigate it easily, and I had the peace of mind knowing they could not alter anything, just look at and do what I wanted them to.
As far as support, the Mobilock team has always been right there when I needed support, and have helped me make this the best deployment I can. Very good support system.
As much as I love the software, there's one thing that could be made better, and I'm sure will be in time. The Remote Cast feature didn't work well in our deployment, as the devices are field technician devices, and Remote Cast prefers the device to be on a Wi-Fi network. It also doesn't allow remote control, only remote viewing, but that may well be a limitation of the Android OS as opposed to a program flaw. If it would work reliably out in the field, it would be very useful. Of course, it's an optional piece of the software, so that is a minor flaw. Also, in all fairness, it is a beta product, so some bugs and missing features are to be expected.
One thing that Mobilock supports that is sorely missing from every MDM solution I've used (even the last one that I purchased, for a great deal more money, for my iOS devices), is real-time updates. In most suites, you have to do a manual update or wait up to 30 minutes (or more) to get new policies and features on your devices. In Mobilock, when you make a change, it's pushed out right away. That's incredibly useful in the field.
All in all, this is a feature-rich, easy to use software solution, and the price is absolutely unbeatable. Would recommend to anyone doing mass Android device deployments.
Recommendations to other buyers: Anyone competent enough to do a multiple-device deployment can easily use and configure this software. It's a breeze. There's not much advice needed.
Pros: Simple and fast access via the Internet Dashboard, even from your mobile or tablet. A lot of great features to help control the user of your work equipment. With predefined profiles, you have everything set up very quickly. Our company has its own application that you can upload and send over a few seconds to more than 100 devices. There are also other features such as tracking devices on the map, monitoring mobile data usage, and much more. For a long time, we've been looking for a program that can lock your device so there are applications you want your employee to use and also limit access to the Internet. The price / quality ratio offered by Mobilock is ideal for us. We did not have a bigger problem in 2 years with Mobilock. Support is very helpful and quickly responds to our queries.
Cons: Mobilock has many good features, not all of them in the original package, but you have to buy them separately. And some updates and enhancements are only focused on devices from LG or Samsung.
Overall: Mobilock saving my time, a very good overview of all the devices. Once a live map from Mobilock and functionallity called "BUZZ Device" helped us to find a lost tablet of one of our employees. Also i like fast set up for new devices if someone breaks device or something. The best thing is you can set up whole device from your phone and you can be for example on your holiday trip or somewhere where is internet connection.
Pros: 1. Customer service and the Mobilock team prompt cooperation.
Guys from Mobilock not only resolve all my questions immediately after asking, but also go the extra mile to develop new features for us, upload things from their side for us within a specific time frame when we are in a rush and need to resolve something immediately. Yukti is handling their CS in the best manner and Amit is always helping out with any extension of the collaboration.
Cons: I would really appreciate from Mobilock in the future to expand their "selected devices" to as many as possible so we could do silent updates on our devices as well.
Overall: Mobilock is crucial for our daily operations. We track our devices with our partners daily several times, mobilock dashboard is one of the tabs that I have all day open. We get LIVE information about what our partners are doing on the tablet as well as technical info that we need for any changes.
Pros: I like the possibility to create Custom branded device groups with their own device profile. MobiLock gives me full control of the devices and posibility to push new apps to the users, broadcast messages, remote control and publish documents. This gives a very flexible solution. Our company tested some KIOSK apps before we did the obvious choise: MobiLock. Only reason i gave 4/5 for Features & Functionality is, there is always more you can whish for. But All functions in MobiLock are carefully planned to fulfill a certain purpose. There is not an overwelming amount of functions just to show off. Once and a while they publish a new helpful function developing the product. The best of all: I'm on this train already.
Cons: The one thing i really miss is the possibilty to show/print my payments/receipts/invoices. But again, just ask the support and you will get what you need.
Overall: As the end users have tablets with 4G connection and limited data. I use this to limit the possibility to do other things than absolutely neccesary and part of their daly routine. We have machine for which the users do daily checks and so on. Report error/problem. So one thing is to ensure the tablets will not use up all the monthly amount of data before the end of the month.
Pros: I have used this software for the past few years and we use it basically to lock down our tablets to be used for our payroll time clock software. It has worked flawlessly and we have it on over 90 tablets and have never had an issue. I would also like to point out that I have reached out to their customer service department only by email but the response time was excellent and all my problems and issues were addressed in a timely matter. I would not hesitate to purchase from them and would recommend their product to anyone looking for a simple method of locking down their tablet environment both personal and business.
Cons: We had an issue early on with the software disappearing from the tablet but in all the time we've had it, we only encountered it twice and we believe it may have been a tablet issue and not the software. For the last several versions, we have not had that issue re-occur.
Mobilock has been pleasing from a technical point of view. Support is not always at hand.
Pros: Mobilock allows us to control the use of tablets in our fleet of vehicles. It secures the tablet against non intended use, stops users installing unwanted apps on the tablet, using the tablet for their own purposes including as a hotspot. There are alerts that inform us if anyone has attempted to breach the tablet security and provides us with a picture of the perpetrator. It also advises us if the SIM has been removed and replaced. Thus preventing the user from putting the SIM in their own device to use our bandwidth for their own purpose. We can also see where the tablet is and compare that to our vehicle GPS tracking software. Many useful features for keeping an eye on whats happening with our tablets.
Cons: As we add further tablet numbers to our fleet we have to use a new licence number. This has the potential to get very fragmented for control purposes as we have tablets being replaced weekly due to damage and having to find which licence key we can use on the new tablet can be time consuming.
Overall: Security and an array of information about our assets to help us manage them better.
Incredible Tool for Small Business!
Pros: Very useful tool to protect you tablet assets. We use it to simply the user interface and make using the tablet extremely simple and controlled. We really like the ability to update and manage all tablets from the powerful Administrative Interface and be able to monitor all the tablets health and location. We are a small business and found this tool very affordable and very easy to learn. Best features: tablet location, FileDoc, WhiteListed Websites, Battery monitoring, and device profiling.
Overall: Asset control and programming. Prevents losses. Very easy for tablet user to understand how to use my tablet.
The only way to keep employees on task and only allow them to certain functions of the device.
Pros: This software was a savior to our company because our employees would use their tablets meant for order processing for personal use and watching movies, playing games, and playing music on them. This software was very easy to implement on the devices and gave me total control of the tablets and we could even see where they were on GPS because we lost a few previously due to some bad employees.
Cons: There are no CONS. This software includes anything you could possibly want to do with mobile devices and controlling them and locking them down so employees and even customers stay on task and don't abuse the companies devices.
Overall: If you need to lock down tablets or other devices for your employees this software is the only choice from the research and testing I've done and we couldn't imagine how our business would run without it.
Pros: The best part of the software is the ease to roll out new devices and make changes to them remotely. Other features that are great are the ability to send messages to devices, view the status and battery level, or when it was last seen online, Geofencing, custom branding. I could go on and on about all the features Mobilock has to offer. It's all for a low price that I couldn't find anywhere else.
Cons: At this time, I really don't have any complaints about the software. Mobilock does a great job of rolling out new updates. Just recently, they added iOS support, so there is no reason why someone should choose another company to help with their mobile device lockdown.
Pros: How intuitive to use it is, how responsive the support service is for problems with my production users.
You can't find a better solution for the money.
Cons: Some features aren't really polished, or don't offer the best solution for the particular problem, e.g. Remotecast. Messaging, and notifications could be handled natively more gracefully.
API features are limited, but they evolve at a good pace.
It would be very impressive to have a better integration with the firmware, so some actions could be remotely triggered without user interaction and without rooting the device or using third party solutions like Samsung KNOX (e.g. installing apps without user confirmation).
Not the most intuitive but it gets the job done for a fair price.
Pros: I like the cost and the functionality once you learn to navigate the system. There are a lot of features that we really like such as white-listing online forms and being able to add links to these on the desktop.
Cons: I don't like that I have to buy licenses in chunks. I would prefer a model that scales with my business. The overall cost is reasonable so it's not a deal-breaker, but I would like to be able to pay "X" per installed device per month and see a 15 day prorate option.(for example if used less than 15 days then 1/2 charge. If used past 15 days then full month charge. Still, not a big deal.
Overall: Control of my devices.
Finally! An easy to use MDM Tool that actually WORKS!
Pros: With Mobilock you have the ability to track devices in real time, secure devices to perform only certain functions, customize the lockdown interface to reflect your company, remote cast in to the device, and alot more! I have been using mobilock for a few years now and am extremely pleased with this company. Their system is user friendly and their support team is always available to assist with any issues.
Great tool, lots of control for device, easy to use.
Cons: - The browser is not as powerful as a third party one (i.e. Firefox or Chrome) so I am not able to leverage the good policy features for browser lockdown since these only apply to their internal one.
Overall: Ability to lockdown the mobile tablet fleet we launched for training in our business. We have roughly 30 tablets out there testing the feasibility of using an Android tablet for our training platform and Mobilock has given us the control to administer and manage these devices daily.
This is a very stable app and really easy to manage it.
Pros: I like the chat support and the continuous updates, patches. The users cannot be able to quit the app and I receive the exiting attempts.
Cons: I think the missing part of the app is the software update pushing from remote and will be really nice to be able to install apps on the devices remotely with the mobilock.
Overall: The reason why I chose this app because I wanted to manage some tablets remotely and those tablets are exhibited pieces so our costumers can use it, can browse on it can play it with games and can play videos on it. And this app can filter the contents, the apps and so on. So I really searched this kind of kyosk app.
very good software, here in my company are very satisfied!!
Best overall lockdown software I could find and does the job nicely!
Pros: Integrated browser to allow only certain websites. A location tracker and Geo Fencing to keep track of your devices, can also lock down what network they are on so it only works on that network.
Cons: We've used mobilock for a little over a year now and there really hasn't been any cons. The one problem we did have they communicated quickly and helped us fix it.
Overall: Keeps track of our tablets and allows us to know where they are at all times. Comes in handy when someone loses it in the plant.
Pros: This saves you from having to ensure only your Apps run on remote devices. MobiLock does a very good job of this with lots of other features as well.
Cons: The software has quite a few updates and their licencing model is sometimes difficult to understand. However, there support guys can 'bulk together' your licences are your use them, which is great!
Overall: Mobilock makes an Android your own device. You can now have your own device in the field with all the remote features available, but only running your App.
Overall: I use it for sending messages to my devices, buzzing them and geolocating them.
Pros: Mobilock has helped us to lock down the Android based tablets at our retail shops and improved productivity of the sales staff by minimizing distractions and problems resulting from access to unnecessary websites and apps. It's also good for security to prevent the installation of any unwanted apps. It has a clear and easy to learn GUI with good performance. Support in case of the few problems we encountered has been fast and efficient. The capabilities of the software are also consistently enhanced and expanded.
Cons: Unfortunately it's not possible to publish shortcuts to specific websites without whitelisting them and in turn block access to any websites not specifically whitelisted. Geofencing lacks the ability to apply a geofence to a specific device, only groups, which doesn't make sense in our scenario since we have one device pr location. Both issues are being worked on though and we look forward to have them addressed in a future release soon.
Cons: license structure is a bit messy, workable but messy sometimes. the overall aspect is cost effective, but the discounts in multi-site environments aren't always the best to work through.
This company provides highly personalized customer support. Probably the best in the industry.
Pros: Ease of use and best value. It is streamlined to offer as much or as little management of your kiosked devices as you choose. It is the perfect fit for a health care company with nursing staff in field locations.
Cons: There are no negatives about the software at this time. The company continues to add new features to the product and offers trial periods to test them out.
Overall: While the product is very easy to use, we receive unparalleled customer support.
Pros: The ease of upgrading our proprietary software, tracking devices, the security of the devices, the web based dashboard.
Cons: The variability of installation. I've installed everything exactly the same yet some devices update automatically where others require some sort of intervention. That gets kind of annoying when we are updating devices used in 4 different locations.
Overall: a secure platform for our patients to use to fill out information and doesn't break the bank.
Pros: Works as intended, would be nice to have a remote update feature. Keeps my agents out of apps they do not need to use, and is better than guided access in that you can have multiple apps in the home screen.
Cons: Can not auto-update apps or patch tablets from homescreen. There is a search for updates feature but it doesn't get the update, still have to do it from settings in the tablet.
Overall: Security of our tablets to our agents.
Great product and quick response from support team.
Double security of pin plus administrator access to device.
Cons: Difficult for non administrators to update apps sometimes, but that comes with the functionality of the kiosk software.
The best MDM by far!
Pros: It had all the features I needed off the bat, along with other features I wasn't looking for at the time, but ended up loving after seeing them. It's also priced extremely well, and is the only mdm I was able to find that allowed me to purchase a single license (i.e. 1 device).
The customer support is also fantastic, and extremely responsive! I've contacted them numerous times throughout the stages of setting up and deploying my kiosk, and every time my issue was addressed and resolved immediately.
I would definitely recommend MobiLock Pro to anybody looking for an MDM!
Cons: I honestly can't think of anything I don't like. Everything is so intuitive and easy to use... it really is a breath of fresh air compared to all the other MDMs I tested... and I tested A LOT of them.
Overall: It allowed us to deploy a device remotely, while retaining complete control over how the device is used.
Easy to use and works as it should, would recommend!
- Greater support for unpowered devices (In our case, CAT smartphones).
Great software, friendly dashboard. Quick and friendly support from Mobilock Team.
Pros: Mostly I like thatIi can install my own app from my computer. Nice Dashboard and very good locations report.
Cons: I am Using the location report to find our sellers, Updating our selling application and Changing the devices mostly, Because our sellers are breaking the tablets very often, so we are changing the devices a lot.
Overall: Quality/Price of this software.
One of the best customer service experiences I've ever had! These guys are on top of their game.
Pros: I like the ease of setup, implementation, and administration. MobiLock Pro is an excellent product, and works perfectly for our trucking company. It does exactly what the developers say it will do, and if I have questions or need assistance, the tech support is superb. I particularly like the ability to manage our tablets while the drivers are out on the road - the ability to change settings, publish apps remotely, assign the tablets to a predefined group, the ease of setup and roll-out, all are outstanding. We have no regrets in selecting MobiPro for our tablet kiosk needs.
Overall: The ability to lock-down our tablets that the drivers use so they are limited to specific apps and functions. Also, being able to perform remote admin of many of the tablets features, apps, and settings is a huge plus for us since the tablets are always out on the road with our truck drivers.
Overall: We are a 300 employees business and so far mobilock has help us achieve pushing new versions of our apps for them.
Provide me with a seamless method to manage devices at my customer sites.
Pros: Pushing software and software updates.
The ability to pinpoint device on map in real time.
The ability to lock down the devices deployed and run only the software that I want the users to run.
Overall: I develop software that is deployed on mobile devices to customers. Critical features for me is the ability to lock down a device to run only my software and nothing else, track the device, display on a map and related reporting.
Everything works perfectly never let us down.
Pros: Best thing is you can customise each one of the or create groups and mange all in one group. It's really useful specially if you have a few hundred devices.
Cons: Sometimes it doesn't update automatically so we have to delete and reinstall or even reset the device.
Mobilock Pro can be explained in 3 words. Professional, easy and secure.
Pros: As a logistics company we need secure and easy to handle devices for our drivers. It´s been delivered exactly like this by Mobilock Pro. Beside of that I always enjoy the perfect support.
Answers within a few minutes are usual.
Cons: For the moment Mobilock is not yet available on IOS, but as I know this will change in a few days.
Pros: The biggest advantage of Mobilock Pro is the quick support. They care about software quality and solved all my issues quicly.
Cons: Sometimes the resources usage are not intuitives. But they have a huge patience explaining you how to use it.
I have tried other MDM software and this beats the lot of them.
Pros: Ease of use - no need to read a manual. I also love the online chat support which is always instant and incredibly helpful if you need something a bit more obscure. Can't praise these guys enough.
Cons: It only works on Android currently. The pricing is a bit complicated - you have to buy in batches to get lower prices rather than get a single rate, however the licenses don't start until you use them.
Pros: Ability to unify mobile software setup across small company.
Cons: Eventually we realized that we have too different demands within our company, so we needed to maintain too many profiles. That became time consuming so we did away with MobiLock.
Overall: One of our distrustful clients tried to manage software distribution within team by this app.
As soon as we built trust we needed no this app anymore.
We will use this application in a study were bus drivers are given a tablet.
Pros: It is easy to use, all the functionality I need is there. It is possible to lock the screen, you can use keep screen on and it is possible to follow the tablet on maps.
Cons: The worst part had nothing to do with the software. It was difficult to purchase the license if you didn't want to use a credit card. But that was mostly our purchase departments fault.
The software has completely fit our needs and has awesome support!!
Pros: Customer Support!! The support team has been one of the best I have worked with over the last several years. The solutions always came very fast!
Pros: That the users are in a kiosk mode and you are not able to escape out of the kiosk mode. I've also tested other kiosk modes and escapes sometimes in 1 minute.
Pros: ->Features and functionality such as Remote Cast and ability to control the device from dashboard.
->Support Staff- everytime a problem arises the support team was very professional and responded very quickly. I think it is the one of the best Support Team in the software business.
Cons: -> There is no report of the device i.e device off time, activities on device, 24 hr report card in excel or any other format.
->In the Documentation, there is no mention of issues that occurs if we go by the documentation and do exactly how it is written and still come across some issue. In that case we have to contact the support staff.
Mobilock Pro solves our needs to limit the smartphone usage to few apps in the best suitable way.
Pros: It is (mostly) a very flexible product with a great feature set. The support team is fantastic and helps you find the more obscure settings.
Cons: Layout of the menus could be slightly easier to navigate. Once again - not a big problem with the help of the support team.
Excellent customer service and very good MDM system. I am highly recommending this to global market.
Pros: MobiLock has a many features that support SMEs, larger taxi companies with the controlling power of their devices. So, this will save time and money. Excellent JOB. Well done!
Cons: No Doubt so far. Excellent. Super customer service. Will update overall feedback with my future experience about MobiLock and further improvements if required.
Overall: This product supports for minimum android and iOS versions that most of the companies get more benefits.
Much easier to use than more traditional MDM solutions.
Pros: Easy to setup, fast to implement in the beginning, and fast to update configuration changes to the clients.
Cons: On android, it can sometimes be unstable. However, a restart of the tablet or a refresh from the console almost always takes care of the issue.
Very steep learning curve, fast support replies, intuitive.
Cons: First time setup/ Deployment. Had expected it to be easier. BUT: next time I'll RTFM before I start... QR reply should have easier.
MobiLock is a Great software product, works very nice.
Pros: Great support, the support team always very helpful to answer questions to help. I love the Dashboard, Enterprise, upgrading our APK's, looking at all of our devices, keeps it all locked down 100%. Great company and people to deal with.
Gaurav Patil gives me excellent service via Skype, always willing to help me with any queries.
Pros: The fact that staff don't have access to all sorts of app. Also that Im able to monitor the units in the back office.
Cons: Not able to have a app that would allow photos to be taken and kept in the cloud, so that we could send it as a link.
Very professional and fast in his answers.
Pros: Fast. Fulfills its purpose. The people in the administration are very fast and professional in his answers.
Cons: Sometimes the application flickers when you do a refresh. Sometimes the installed applications delays a bit to appear.
New breathe on traditional MDM softwares. Excellent software with lots of useful functions.
Pros: New breathe on traditional MDM softwares. Excellent software with lots of useful functions. Good gps navigation.
Cons: Nothing yet. But i`d like to view some new functions. Such as live of selected devices online or something other.
Brilliant customer service! This product saves my company time and money!
Pros: Does everything you need to control devices for your company and limit time wasting activity. I highly recommend this product to anyone else that has tablets or cell phones for business use. | 2019-04-18T13:36:33Z | https://www.capterra.com/p/156745/MobiLock-Pro/ |
Have you ever had a week where you feel you’ve totally failed at parenting? Reward charts have gone out the window, chicken nuggets for supper every night, feeling you just want to run and hide from the kids, cry and eat a snicker without sharing it with them. The constant tidying, cleaning, cooking battle on rotation. It’s not glamorous it’s overwhelming and exhausting.
I don’t want to put people off having kids but parents will understand this. Social media is good for showing off the good bits, and the happy times of parenting but oh boy there is a lot of bad bits too!! I suppose we don’t want to share them so much. Why not? Ashamed to say we struggle? Afraid of what people might think? When you open up you soon find out everyone’s on the same boat. I’m here holding my hands up saying yes, I struggle, really struggle. It may look like 3 kids looks easy… a breeze…believe me it’s more like a hurricane.
I feel the kids are constantly fighting for attention, you satisfy one and the other one kicks off, just one vicious circle. I’m having one of those weeks where by dinner time I’m counting down the last hours until bed time. One good thing is when they go to bed at 7pm they don’t move again, no bed time performances, just lights out and sleep. So why can’t they just behave like this during the day?
I always laugh inside when I hear people say ‘’Oh I love the bed time routine, we snuggle up and read a story and spend one on one with the child special bonding time, it’s just wonderful’’ In reality is it really that wonderful? Yes when they are all lights out and sleeping that’s wonderful . I call it happy hour in my house the bath time bed time routine. It’s a struggle now to get the eldest into the bath at all, while the other two are trying to drown themselves deliberately by seeing who can hold their breath the longest. The Drama performance of who comes out the bath first is always a showcase. Tackling 3 naked body’s to put on pyjamas and dry hair you would think they are being chased by a lion. So let’s have that one on one time with 3 children individually…yes that’s right, by this point everyone is past it including myself.
Malachy our 3rd child is lucky if he gets a bed time story, if he forgets to grab one I’m delighted, one down. Gracie the middle child always goes for the thickest book or chances her luck with 2 books. If you secretly try to skip a page or a couple of sentences oh boy does she notice! Ain’t no fooling her. Final bonding time is with Ivy our first born the most laid back of the 3, very independent and easy pleased. Somehow we was led into a false sense of security after having Ivy as you think they will all be like her…don’t be fooled! By the time I get to Ivy’s bedroom she’s pulled out the good old 500 page BFG chapter a night book. Naturally Ivy likes to try and read some of the words which takes twice as long. So as u can imagine by 7pm I can’t wait to see them all tucked up in bed…asleep. I then head down stairs to tackle the bomb site they left behind.
Before I head upstairs for the night I go around their bedrooms and switch off their lights and tuck in their little hands under the blankets. I look at them sleeping angelically and begin to feel guilty and the worst mum in the world for shouting, because someone spilled milk for the 2nd time or wouldn’t put their shoes on the first time I said it. Why did I have no patience today? I say tomorrow I’m going to try harder to be a better mum. Sometimes I question myself and God why am I getting pushed to the very ends of my limits?
I’m beginning to sound like I live with 3 caged wild animals, well sometimes it feels like that. What is the key to well behaved children all the time? Has anyone found it? Hats off to you if you have. I know a few people pretend to have it all under-control.
I know all children have their moments and usually mine are not too bad, but I think a combination of hormones, 5.30am starts everyday, work, Christmas planning, more hormones, has made this week exhausting and left me questioning my parenting skills, my life choices and hormonal imbalance. Reading back I sound like a right witch of a mother, like the one in Tangled. I love my kids, and everything I do is for them, they are my world and my dream is to push them to their fullest potential. Sometimes I look at them and can’t believe how blessed I am to have them.
With the days getting colder and darker is there anything better than a pot of soup on the hob with the smell wafting through the house.
Today’s soup of choice is Spicy carrot and lentil soup.
Now I’ll be honest my recipes are not to the exact gram as I often just go with the flow and throw ingredients in.
Chop onions and fry with fry-light spray until brown.
Now you can add the tikka power or curry powder if you wish.
After reading many baby books I always wanted to be on the ball with potty training, my granny always said ”back in the day your mum was potty trained at a year old!!” How could this be? Could she even walk? Statistics say 97% of children were potty trained by age 18months in 1957! Wow!!! I wonder how much of that statistic is true?
We took the plunge when Ivy was about 17months old. I followed Gina Fords book Potty training in 1 week. Sounds ideal right!? Thinking if we can crack this we can crack anything. The book is a short step by step daily guide with tips and signs to look out for to keep you on the right track. Previously I have used Gina Fords books for issues such as routine and weaning, and felt they really worked.
So we opened the book (I say we, but not entirely sure how much Sean was involved) page by page day by day she stuck to the book and she was ‘potty trained’ within 10 days…so a little longer than it says on the cover but I was impressed. Of course we had the odd accident, and she wasn’t dry at night but it was a great success!
You think 1 week isn’t long…however it was the longest week ever! I thought she would never crack it. Its so frustrating at the time your life is consumed indoors, concentrating solely on potty training. As it states in the book they need to recognise to ask for the potty themselves to move onto the next stage and not just be reminded. I remember going to the top of the stairs with Ivy for her bath on day 8 thinking about packing the whole thing in…when she finally said ‘pee pee’ and ran to the potty and did the needful. I couldn’t believe it! I was jumping about on the landing clapping my hands and dancing!! It had finally clicked and we were on our way! A short while after we were on holiday with the girls abroad, and to my surprise Ivy was dry from the first night there right through the week. So it was a pretty easy journey with Ivy as she progressed in age she hardly has had an accident. To the point now at 5 years old I have to remind her to go to the toilet. As she would quite happily go the whole day and not go!
When Gracie became about 18months I decided to pull out the good old Potty training in 1 week book again. My girls even though they look similar they couldn’t be more opposite in personality. Unfortunately it didn’t click after a few days in or few weeks. We decided to abandon all efforts and give her a little time as she wasn’t ready. After several attempts at trying however she still wasn’t able to hold her bladder long enough. When we did get Gracie dry around age 2 it was such a relief. However she wasn’t dry at night and wasn’t accident free. There was lots of days she wet herself on many occasions and I felt we were right back to where we started. Some days she would deliberately have an accident to gain attention. I just imagined the whole process would be easy like it was with Ivy but it wasn’t. It wasn’t until she was about 3 she would go long periods without accidents. I began to worry and google for tips as now she was 3 and a half and was still wet through the night. I had tried several things however none seemed to work.
I called the health visitor for advice as she was turning 4 soon and I was beginning to get really worried as not one night had passed where she had been dry. I couldn’t help compare the girls how could they be so different? The health visitor came to see Gracie for her 4 year review and was very much pleased with her progress. So I thought It was a good opportunity to bring this topic up. I couldn’t believe when she began to discuss other situations and examples of other children’s issues at the same age as Gracie. it gave me a sense of not being the only one like this. She asked questions like if anyone in my family had been older in age before being potty trained? As it sometimes can run in the family. She advised me that unless the particular hormone in her brain is mature and released she will never be dry as she wont be ready. No mater what I try it wont make any difference until this hormone is produced she wont be dry at night.
Gracie turned 4 in February and we had the choice whether she went to school next year or waited until she was 5 1/2. We decided to put her forward for school as she is so go ahead we didn’t want to hold her back in another year of playschool if she is ready for school. Naturally I have been trying to prep her for going to school by dressing herself, toileting and zipping up her jacket independently. So with the bed wetting I was nervous of the fact that she continued to do this.
On her 4th birthday evening her granny was preparing for bed, I overheard her say she didn’t want a pull up on that night. I thought oh dear, but I let her go to bed without one since the sheets need changed anyway in the morning. Much to my joy in the morning she was dry!! She had never done this before it was a great achievement. I thought it must have been a fluke…but no she has been pretty ‘dry’ since.
I used to always lift her before I went to bed and sometimes she will shout in the middle of the night to go to the toilet. She has had the odd dribble since then so I tend to put a training mat under her in bed. However sometimes when we are having a bad week, when she isn’t getting enough attention/or her own way, like last week…for example I was working extra shifts she wet the bed for a whole week!! However usually the majority of the time she is dry.
So that was my experience with girls very different indeed. What about boys??
The average age now for potty training is 3 1/2 with teachers in schools seeing an increase in children coming to school not potty trained. 10% of 7 year old are still wetting the bed. These are facts I was glad to hear when I was struggling with Gracie’s bed wetting. Its nothing to be ashamed of and not spoken about enough. Don’t be ashamed to ask for help and advice with toilet training, and don’t feel like you’ve failed if they don’t succeed. If they haven’t realised the matured hormone they will never be ready, no mater what techniques you try at home.
So Malachy was 21 months and he’s quite mature for his age I would say- he copy’s the girls a lot and had started showing signs like talking about going to the toilet and recognising when he’s wet! So I took a deep breath and pulled out the good old Gina Ford book for the 3rd time. To be honest I wasn’t planning on attempting it until nearer summer but I thought I would do a little test…much to my delight he knew exactly what he was doing. Sean was looking at me saying I thought we wasn’t doing this just now? But once I started and he got on so well I couldn’t stop! Didn’t want to send him confusing signals by abandoning ship.
Out of 10 days I would say we had 5 accidents/wet pants with me. Of course when I was working and grandparents had him, unfortunately not so switched on to he whole potty training thing and didn’t toilet him so often there was more accidents. He was absolutely no problem and I couldn’t quite believe how easy he was to train- even easier than Ivy.
He’s now dry for his afternoon nap, and sometimes dry at night so we’re on the right track! I must admit I was a little emotional when I began to train Malachy as he was my last and youngest in nappy’s.
GINA FORD POTTY TRAINING IN 1 WEEK.
They need to be ready and show the signs.
Don’t go back to nappy’s after you start- don’t confuse them!
It doesn’t mater what age they are toilet trained as every child is ready at their own pace. It can be something you don’t want to discuss with other mums as you might be ashamed or embarrassed as they begin to grow older and they have not achieved it. Speak out and seek advice. By sharing my three different experiences shows how good or how bad it can go.
Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. 1 Corinthians ch13 verse 4-8.
What love means to me?
I love this verse its a perfect example of what love means to me. Love is all those things and more. It stems from a close friendship that grows to affection, feelings and state of mind between yourself and another. Love is forgiving, Love is about tolerance, Love is about compromise and putting others before yourself.
Before we got married 7 years ago my dads only advice was to never let the sun go down on your wrath. A well known bible verse. Yet so true, as relationships can be damaged if arguments and strain goes on and on. The best piece of advice I could ask for.
The definition of love is different for everyone. No one can define it and no one has the right answer. To fall in love when a strong connection in your relationship kindles, the feeling of giddiness and excitement. That feeling when you cant wait to see each other again. Holding hands, and the feeling that you cant be apart. There’s a big spark between you and the relationship is very rosy and fresh and new. As relationships mature the spark becomes a glowing ember in your heart. Maybe your not feeling the same excitement when you see each other but you just know the love is still there. You don’t need to question it. You don’t need to express it with PDA public display of affection anymore or bunches of flowers. Love simply becomes a cup of tea made for you in the morning or plugging your phone into charge when you simply forget. Or prepping the kids before you head out the door to work to make sure they behave while your away. Love has your back, love forgets old wounds, Love doesn’t look at your bank balance or your race. Love doesn’t care about your cellulite or your stretch marks. Love is blind and love is from the heart. Love endures.
Defining love is complicated as we each experience love in our own way. For me love doesn’t exist as one thing. The love I have for my husband is a passionate commitment that is always developing and being nurtured.
I think a key factor in this growing love is our compatibility, we share the same values, likes and dislikes and interests, and these common grounds were what sparked our love, and what allow this love to grow. I don’t find it difficult to stay in love with him, it’s something I never question. He makes me laugh, is there for me when I cry and I will care and protect him forever through thick and thin.
The love for my children is a different type of love, it is a profound emotion that is like nothing else in this world. When I first saw them i got an instant overwhelming urge to love them and I find it almost indescribable. From that moment these tiny babies were my main priority and I immediately had a fierce desire to protect them. When my children were born I also realised how much my mother loves me. I love my children unconditionally, it is an attitude, something that is eternal.
Around this time of year we can get caught up in the commercial aspect of valentines day, what about all the other 364 days what happens to the love then?
I love valentines it simply gives the men out there a nudge in the right direction. Or if you’re like my dad and father in law they still forget its valentines and I have to remind them. However, I don’t believe this phases my mother or mother in law. Except that kind of love even not shown is there like a glow. Cooking their supper every night when they come in the door. Keeping them company in an evening in front of the tv and just being there for each other.
Love can be seen in many different ways. Love is when the others happiness is more important than your own. I must admit Sean doesn’t whisk me off for a surprise weekend away or send bunches of flowers to my work for all to see, except he appreciates me in many different ways throughout the year, not just Feb 14th. If he’s down stairs in the morning before me he always makes me a cup of tea. That’s what deep down love is for me. He doesn’t need to show me with outward approach. When he does buy me flowers its usually the most unexpected times and a great surprise. He knows me when I’ve used my reserve tank with the kids and he steps in.
One Valentine’s Day he did actually run me a romantic bath. I had just finished a shift at work and was very pregnant and sore with my pelvis at the time. I thought to myself wow! He’s really pushing the boat out here. However the kids heard the bath running and stampeded up the stairs. I ended up sharing the bath with Ivy- It had slipped my mind for a second she was off nursery that day due to a tummy upset. Seconds later she passed wind… well u can imagine what happened next…I’ve never exited a bath so quick in all my life. Poor Ivy she didn’t realise what was going on! So that was the romance down the drain that night.
I wish you all the love this Valentine’s Day. If its with that huge bunch of roses or the silent love expressed by that cup of tea he made you. Share the love. Today and everyday. True love endures.
Disclaimer: I was kindly sent a free sample of the product in return for my honest review in my blog. All opinions expressed are my own and unbiased, not influenced by the company and any links used in this review are not affiliate.
Harry & Rose founder Alba Cusworth is an experienced parent who has a love for natural baby products. The company have specially formulated these products to a high quality, natural ingredients especially for sensitive skin. Which is good news for Malachy as he falls into this category also suffering from eczema. As much as myself Harry and Rose believe what you put on your skin is very important, especially baby skin. This product is manufactured in England with the best quality and standards and not tested on animals may I add. Ingredients used in these products are Calendula, coconut, camomile, cottonseed, aloe Vera and sunflower. I am a great lover of natural ingredients for your skin. So I couldn’t wait to try this out on Malachy.
The target group is mothers/fathers and expectant mothers of young babies. The great features of this product are the natural ingredients and the affect they have on sensitive skin. For example, camomile is great for breakouts and rashes, and the sunflower extract is honourable for babies that suffer from eczema.
Malachy loves a bath however with 3 kids he often endures it with the girls in beside him. Tonight was special and I loved spending time alone with Malachy. The bottle has an easy to use pump top, the great waterproof label is a hit as malachy is forever playing with the bottles in the tub. The product design and render is neutral and soft, which best describes the contents of the bottle.
The previous evening before I received this sample Malachys bath time was very stressful for me as a mum. As soon as I strip him down he always likes a good scratch. With eczema this is quite common however this night in particular was the worst I’ve seen it. I had to quickly bath him and pull him out the bath as he was getting so agitated and couldn’t stop scratching. Even after his pyjamas were on he just couldn’t content himself forever trying to scratch through his clothes.
The next morning, I booked an appointment with my GP to have him reviewed. Is this a food allergy? Is it my washing powder? I came out of the doctors with a prescription bag full of ointments, creams/steroid creams and antihistamine. I’ve been here before in this situation. I feel like I have tried every cream and ointment out there. I was very reluctant to start the process all over again. Coincidence the same morning my Harry and Rose sample arrived. When I stripped him off again for the bath he did have a scratch as usual and I placed him in the bath and began to wash him with the bath and body wash. I must admit it wasn’t instant relief but I didn’t want it to turn into the previous night all over again. I took him out and rubbed him all over with the body lotion cream sample they kindly sent me…It was like a miracle, after the cream was applied he was settled and didn’t need to scratch. Typically with other creams and lotions he scratches through them after they have been applied.
When I first smelt the product, I was slightly dubious it smelt so lovely I thought how can something so natural smell so nice. After his bath there was no scratching and no need for the antihistamine that night. I was so pleased as it’s so upsetting and frustrating as a mother not able to help your child who is constantly itching. I have been using the product for over a week now. I purchased the body lotion after the company kindly sent me a small sample which I am so glad they did, or I wouldn’t have discovered it. Malachys skin has returned soft and smooth and no blemished or rash areas from the eczema. I have been applying the body lotion morning and night.
Overall, I am very pleased with this product and its quality. As the products has won several awards including Best baby and toddler gear I have no problem in ‘sharing the love’ to friends and family. I am going to continue to purchase this product for Malachy as long as it continues to work wonders. It is more expensive than your typical supermarket products however I wouldn’t grudge purchasing this product if it works for Malachy. Happy baby = happy mum. A big thank you to Harry and Rose from Malachy and Mum for this new discovery in natural skin care.
The Harry and Rose baby hair-body wash and many other lovey product can be found at their website here.
I found out through experience and reading baby books that kids love routine. Keeping them informed makes them happy bees in the hive. A fine example of this: Gracie is sitting engrossed in the iPad, instead of taking it off her I would prep her beforehand. If i didn’t I would then endure a 10 minute tantrum which then leads to some serious misbehaviour. “Gracie, you’ve got 5 minutes left on the iPad” then a while later “two minutes, Gracie” then after a another couple of minutes ” okay Gracie, times up put down the iPad now that’s long enough” It works wonders. I would say 90% of the time she puts the iPad down. It’s a good technique to use when were about to leave the grandparents ” were leaving in 5 minutes kids” and so on. Usually we all leave happily and without a tantrum, tantrum free= happy mum!
At the start of the week I love to meal plan for the week ahead. I first got the idea from a Slimming world class. It helps you to stick to your chosen meals for the week and not go off track. I try to involve the kids as much as possible however their reply to “what would you like for supper?” is usually “noodles.” I have recently started to write out a shopping list before I head to the supermarket. We’ve found that we save money as we only buy what we need for that week, we actually come out with some decent meals. As before I would wander around the aisles throwing stuff in the trolley be £100 at the till and have nothing to make a decent meal with. So this is how we do it now. If its not on the list it doesn’t go into the trolley. On a Monday I do lots of food prep when the kids are away at school. A typical Monday can be quite stressful for me so I like to have a big pot of soup boiling on the hob. This will do us for 3 lunches. I also stick a big piece of meat in the slow cooker that will do us two meals too. Doing this just releases the stress of making supper after one of our busy Mondays knowing that the meals are sorted.
The dreaded word, right? I used to enjoy house work when I had time to do it before we had kids. Nonetheless with 3 kids now and sometimes a working mum I struggle to find the time. I like to be able to keep on top of it so it doesn’t nag me. There is more important things in life than housework however when the house looks like a bomb has hit it something needs to be done. I love following The organised mum method(TOMM) 30 minutes a day on specific rooms and your done! I hear you thinking that doesn’t work… but it does. She also does a deep clean method for all those homes needing a bit more tlc. I find that if I keep the washing & ironing basket empty I am not doing piles of ironing that I hate. I like to spend a little time each day in my utility room sorting out clothes and it keeps the whole thing at bay. Sometimes if were busy over a weekend and I don’t keep on top of it, and I go into the utility on a Sunday I could just walk out again and cry.
6, While the are kids eating breakfast I load the washing machine.
I love to come down stairs to a clean kitchen and empty sink so the night before I ensure the island is free from dishes and clutter. I like to set out everyone’s clothes for the next day in the bathroom in their individual piles. When the kids get up they know the routine, get dressed and go down stairs. I try to encourage the girls to help with making their beds and throwing the laundry down the stairs. Which usually results in a pair of knickers landing on Malachys head. The girls can be so messy at times, I try to engage them in some games when it comes to tidying up. Sometimes it works and sometimes it doesn’t. Please note my routine doesn’t always go to plan the way I would like it. There’s usually a chase around the bedroom with a half-naked child trying to put on their socks. That’s what makes life exciting I suppose a lap around the bedroom before school. I’m not the perfect mum or don’t try to be. I just love routine and so does the kids. What is the perfect mum?
As Sean was assigned to the boat over the festive. I did something I have never done before and decided to leave the kids at home and join him to take in the New Year…in Shetland with a couple of our close friends Daniel and Emma.
Since having no3 we’ve found it increasingly difficult to get away for theseso-called date nights, shopping trips and weekends away which are pretty much now out the question! Can’t remember the last time we went out for dinner alone.
Meal times usually consist of bribing the kids to sit on their seats and finish their dinner, someone usually spills their juice and all of a sudden a voice shouts I need a poop when your about 2 mouthfuls in. This happens every time we sit down to eat sometimes someone falls off a chair on a good night, if your lucky. So u can imagine leaving these 3 head cases with anyone is a big take on.
Saying that we do have our annual Christmas shopping trip together. Don’t be fooled it’s not like all those Instagram pics you see with a glass of bubbly , Christmas markets etc… it’s usually planned, a list is written out and the exact shops are visited. Pretty much in and out painless as possible. Meanwhile I worry about what the brood is getting up to at home in the care of some of the grandparents or great grandparents. Who’s idea was it to have no 3? I was quite happy with 2 until Sean started hankering for a boy. Luckily Sean just needs to smile at me and I fall pregnant. Sean was soon handed a vasectomy leaflet to ponder upon last year. My mum did warn me not to have 3! Wouldn’t change it now for the world however do wish we could afford a nanny at times.
The boat was leaving Aberdeen heading north for Shetland. Two nights would be spent docked in Lerwick harbour then sail home again during the night. Which means this would be 4 nights in total I would be leaving the kids. Who was going to be the lucky grandparents? After much deliberation I decided to split the kids up to make it an easier time for all involved. My mum kept trying to make me feel guilty by saying things like ‘you’ll miss them you know’ and ‘Malachy will miss his mam, he’s a mammy’s boy’ I didn’t let this bother me as I was really looking forward to some mummy annual leave. The thought of uninterrupted meals and long lie ins kept me going.
So I decided to put Ivy (oldest) and Malachy (youngest) to one set of grandprents and Gracie to the other, and mid break they would do a swap. As placing the two girls together can be a disaster as they have a love hate relationship at the moment. So packing 3 kids to go 2 different ways was a nightmare. Anyways I got them packed and prepped them all on their behaviour for days before hand. If I heard that there was bad behaviour Santa would come in the night and take back their presents! So I dropped them off and ran home! I had an hour to spare in the house before I left and it was amazing the difference in the atmosphere in the house with no kids. It was really strange.
So we set sail for Shetland at 1700 on board the MV Hjaltland courtesey of Northlink Ferries. Leaving the harbour we were on the bridge to see the sights. I was planning a nice evening of catching up with good friends ( Emma and Dan) over supper and a glass of wine. However things did not go as planned, Emma and myself had already taken Stugeron (sea sickness tablets) as we know how we react to the vessels motion on the sea. I didn’t think there was much swell in the sea however Emma didn’t finish her meal before she disappeared off to bed with a sick bag. I thought what a light weight the boat isn’t moving much. Lone behold by 1930 I was in bed with my pal sickky bag the evening came to a sad end with Daniel left watching the game alone at the bar.
We arrived in Lerwick, Shetland at 0730. What about a long lie? Not likely! Sean was still working so he was up and showered at 0630 for arrival and I didn’t get back to sleep after hearing him clatering anout.
We decided to take a drive to explore the island. I have been to Shetland before on placement for 9 weeks when I was doing my nurse training so I knew a fair bit about the island already but hadn’t explored it much at the time. When I started to count back how long ago it was since I was there in placement I couldn’t believe it was nearly 10 years!! That couldn’t be right! I’m not that old!! But as Sean keeps reminding me I am nearly 30!!
We took a walk through the streets of Lerwick, however with it being New Year’s Eve and a Sunday there wasn’t any shops open. The weather was good which is unusual for Shetland at that time of year. We headed for Eshaness it’s along the North West coast. It’s really nice just driving along those single track roads where the sheep roam freely, usually in the middle of the road. When it was my turn to drive Sean’s nerves was running in over drive sitting watching me drive those narrow roads.
We headed back to the boat to get glammed up for the evening events, the staff on board had organised a fancy dress party. Emma and myself are not really big fans of fancy dress Emma in particular so we opted out of the fancy dress competition this time. Sean being Sean went for captain Jack Sparrow, it was a pretty good attempt if you ask me.
We took in the ‘bells’ up on the bridge all staff and guests toasted the old year out and the new year in. Glasses of champagne clanged while listening to the horn of the boat being honked by the oldest person on board and the youngest member on board, lovely way to start the new year. Soon after I whisked Sean off to bed. Yes not in that manner at all! I’m not used to the late nights and in this case extremely late…1pm!! I usually would be thinking about getting up with the kids shortly if I was at home! Well not quite 1am but not long off it.
The celebrations probably went long into the night. The staff then provided a lovely New Year lunch for all on board the next day. We decided to take another road trip this time exploring the South West of the Island. We set off in search for the well-known Meal Beach, been known to be compared to some of the beaches in the Caribbean. After a short walk from where we parked the car we found it. Beautiful scenery so calm yet the air was so crisp and before our eyes was this exquisite white sandy beach hidden away beneath the rock face. We didn’t miss out on some selfies and writing our names on the sand. Emma and Daniel don’t do PDA so they weren’t up for some romantic photographs taken by myself.
It was -3c in the car and the narrow single track roads with random sheep about was making Sean rather nervous as I was driving. I kept reassuring him however the grasp of his hand on the roof handles told a different story. We traveled further West of Burra and came across another gorgeous stretch of beach called Minn beach. At the end of the stretch of beach sat a cottage, alone with no car access. How nice would it be to go there on holiday, no distractions, and just chill, no phones, just the simple life?
Due to work commitments Emma and Daniel decided to book a flight home. As the boat wouldn’t reach Aberdeen Until the 3rd am. I was in two minds of flying home too after the sail north, I was constantly checking the weather. However I decided to take the boat home. The next day we drove the love birds to the airport…yes Shetland does have an airport at Sumburgh. What you might not believe is that you have to actually drive over the runway to get to it! The runway actually stops when the land stops, so if you don’t take off by the time you get to that section you will be going for a swim in the sea! Emma didn’t know this so she was now on edge about the take off!
It was a lovely break and I was super excited to see my brood again when I got home. I felt it refreshed my head..well refresed my head so much that I had vertigo for about a week after iIretunred home! It was lovley to see the brood again.
Shetland is a beautiful Island with many different aspects to it. We were lucky enough to visit just a small section of it. They have a language of their own and if you listen closely you can just make out what they are saying. They heritage of the Island is instilled in generations today, and they are proud of the Island and what it has become.
By ferry from Aberdeen-Lerwick : The boat sails overnight, Cabins can be booked for up to 4 people. Occasionally the ferry stops by Orkney if you fancy a trip there too. If you are at all queezy on board a boat I would advise you travel in the summer months otherwise best of luck. Sick bags are provided in all easy to reach places!
Check regularly for adverse weather updates before you travel.
On board the ferry there is a cinema, guest lounge, sleeping pods and a lovely restaurant and quaint shop full of local produce and products.
The Shetland soap is charming Click here for the website the products are beautiful and smell exquisite!!
If you are into your Gins they also stock the well-known Orkney Gin. Distilled in Kirkwall, Orkney. More info on their Gins on instagram lovely product!
One of my favourites is the Orkney Fudge they put all fudge makers to shame. Melt in your mouth, delicious fudge is a well-known favourite in our family. | 2019-04-19T00:50:18Z | https://mybroodstories.com/tag/parenting/ |
We understand our reputation is at stake. So we choose to represent highly respected and reputable furniture makers who share our passion for artistry, craftsmanship and integrity. Many have long and storied legacies that go back for generations. Others are more recent yet they, too, understand the significance of quality and design.
We invite you to browse through our list of vendors and take time to visit their websites. Read their stories, view their works of art and note the pieces that excite you. Then come see us.
Happiness and comfort are only a click or a phone call away, and PJ Newman’s is only too happy to help you get there.
Artistica’s passion has always been to create exceptional furnishings that are at home in any surrounding. The company utilizes old world techniques to achieve quality construction and a superior finish on their entire collection. Based on their extensive travels, each design offers a sophisticated twist on classic European, Asian and American motifs. By mixing mediums, such as exotic woods and elegant metals, Artistica has created a unique collection that will enhance any living space.
Baker Furniture speaks the language of style. Not satisfied to be of the moment, the company works to be of the movement, in the role of tastemaker and innovator rather than a follower at the whim of fashion. The accent is on product — through Design, Materials, Craftsmanship and Finish. At the beginning, a craftsman named Siebe Baker worked with his hands. Later, the success of his sturdy furniture allowed his son, Hollis Baker, to study at University, travel the Old World, and hone the eye of a collector. Today these two thoughts, the eye and the hand, remain the cornerstone of Baker Furniture. For Baker customers, they mean a sense of integrity and the promise of things chosen well rather than often.
Bolier offers a select portfolio of classic forms inspired by traditional fine furniture and shaped for contemporary lifestyles. Each piece reflects a dedication to design, materials and authentic craftsmanship, and is created to be of lasting value. Their passion is to offer customers a way of living that combines modern comfort and timeless elegance through fine furniture for the home. With showrooms in Paris, London, New York and High Point, and representation on four continents, Bolier has become a truly notable name in the luxury furniture industry.
Since 1945, Brown Jordan has designed luxury leisure furnishings and accessories that transcend time and liberate the senses. Established by Robert Brown and Hubert Jordan in Pasadena, California, Brown Jordan was the first company to create furniture for full-time outdoor use. Brown Jordan furniture is designed to complement your leisure lifestyle. The Brown Jordan portfolio features more than 30 collections in a range of design styles. Distinctive silhouettes are hand and machine crafted into high quality furnishings that enhance traditional, transitional and contemporary environments. Their collections are appropriate for residential and contract environments, both indoors and out. Known for producing stylish, award-winning designs, they have built a reputation on more than 60 years as the industry leader in innovation and design integrity. When you aspire to have the best in luxury leisure furniture, look to Brown Jordan.
Chaddock creates timeless furniture with the finest craftsmanship and a nod to modern relevance. They leverage their deep knowledge of historical design to create beautifully detailed furniture that is suited to how people live today. Their furniture is driven by innovation in design, ergonomics, sustainability and an inspired vision of what the future holds. Currently, Chaddock is comprised of two collections: Guy Chaddock, known for more than 67 years of superb hand-built quality and European sensibility, and Ferguson Copeland, whose eclectic classics offer a clean-lined take on tradition.
Charleston Forge began in 1974 as a fireplace shop in the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina. The company custom-built handmade wrought iron fire screens, wood baskets, log racks and pot racks out of iron, fire and wood. In 1982 Charleston Forge expanded its passion and began making furniture using the same natural elements of iron and wood but added accents of brass, copper and glass. Today the company is well known for its meticulously handcrafted furniture and furnishings using age-old techniques combined with modern equipment.
Christopher Guy luxury furnishings was created with a clear objective: to make uniquely beautiful decorative furnishings that appeal to an international audience. Based on this design philosophy, Christopher Guy’s furnishings fuse a timeless beauty and elegance evocative of a cosmopolitan lifestyle, appealing to a global clientele. The influence of French Modernist furniture designers from the 1930s and Christopher’s admiration for the world’s greatest fashion icon, Coco Chanel, are combined with the founder’s own creative flair and eye, resulting in a unique selection of outstanding furnishings — the Mademoiselle Collection.
At the heart of the Councill story is a loyalty to American craftsmanship and a dedication to their cherished roots in Denton, North Carolina. Founded in 1973 as a small company crafting occasional tables, Councill has grown into a major manufacturer of casegoods, upholstery and executive office furniture. As modern masters of fine furnishings, Councill is dedicated to craftsmanship and design integrity, interpreted for today’s eclectic lifestyle.
E.J. Victor was founded by Edward W. Phifer III, Joseph B. Manderson, and John Victor Jokinen in 1990 to pursue the art of creating furniture excellence. To this day, E.J. Victor maintains an unwavering commitment to preserving time-honored, quality construction methods used to create exquisite furniture for the home. Experience E.J. Victor’s quality handcrafted furniture in finishes ranging from the cutting-edge exotic to the time-tested traditional. Styles cover the spectrum with looks from the Newport Mansions Collection and designers Carol Bolton, Julia Gray, Caroline Faison and Randall Tysinger.
Ferguson Copeland, Ltd. is a high-end furniture company that offers a full line of beautifully designed wood and upholstered furnishings with distinct styles, sizes, finishes and fabrics. The company’s eclectic fusion of styles is available in a choice of over 200 custom finishes and luxurious designer fabrics and trims, allowing customers to mix and match while achieving that “pulled together” look for their home.
Global Views is one of the most exciting and innovative manufacturers of accent furniture, accessories and lighting. All of their products are made of natural materials and are shipped in recycled packaging. The company has always been environmentally aware and seeks to provide beautiful additions to your home while striving to minimize their carbon footprint on the environment.
Deep in the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina, Hancock & Moore started with a vision to manufacture the finest quality furniture that would remain beautiful for generations. This became reality in 1981 when Hancock & Moore was founded. That vision is displayed in each piece of Hancock & Moore furniture through the skillful touch of master craftsmen like Jimmy Moore, who grew up learning the skills of a carpenter, turning wood into artful creations. The desire to make distinctive furniture was an instilled value and the skill to make it was a gift. To that end, Jimmy spent hours carving, hand-sanding, sewing and upholstering handcrafted pieces. This, he decided, was the "ideal" way to build a unique brand of furniture. With the help of his fellow craftsmen, he transforms solid woods, soft leathers and fine fabrics into handcrafted furnishings no machine could ever match. Each piece of Hancock & Moore furniture bears the signatures of these artisans that created it. Whether it is crafting custom orders, or surveying production, his skilled vision for perfection remains. Jimmy Moore is one of the last to leave at the end of each work day, assuring that your handcrafted Hancock & Moore piece will result in furniture that you will enjoy and can be proud of for years to come.
Harden Furniture understands the importance of home and family. A family-owned and operated furniture company started in 1844, Harden Furniture has a legacy of fine furniture making deeply rooted in American craftsmanship, quality and tradition. By designing top quality furnishings, Harden strives to create the ultimate in comfort for your home and family.
Henredon was founded in Morganton, North Carolina, in 1945 by four men determined to build furniture of custom quality. While the initial product line consisted of just three chests, it has since mushroomed into hundreds of beautiful wood and upholstery designs for every room. While new manufacturing techniques are used there is still a considerable amount of hand and detail work performed on each piece. The company has always taken a leadership role in designing and manufacturing some of the finest furnishings available. In these days of mass production a Henredon item will truly be unique.
Hickory Chair began almost a hundred years ago with a single product and a simple vision. The product was a made-to-order dining chair. The vision was to combine the authenticity of classic craftsmanship with the efficiency of modern manufacturing. In the decades since, Hickory Chair’s product range has evolved into an assortment of timeless designs, drawn from significant periods and places, and from the talents of some of the world’s most respected designers. Hickory Chair’s original vision, however, remains unchanged. The company is still guided by a genuine commitment to custom craftsmanship and timely service. Their style is still distinguished by an authentic, timeless spirit and their furniture is still made to order and made to last, by a team of talented and attentive artisans.
The desire at Hickory White to create the most sought after home furnishings has never been stronger. Their commitment to this desire is the driving force that leads them into the future. Each piece has been curated and selected for inclusion with the goal of empowering clients’ creative spirit through customized finish options that are second to none. With more than 60 custom finishes and 700 fabrics from which to choose, customers are assured that their furniture will be one of a kind.
Jessica Charles is a distinctive group of classic chairs scaled for today’s stylish interiors. These simple yet refined silhouettes are the perfect showcase for their stunning array of designer fabrics — from elegant silks and brocades to cozy chenille and tweeds. Jessica Charles’ furniture is handcrafted in North Carolina by expert woodworkers and upholsterers whose scrupulous attention to detail evokes the heirloom quality of a bygone era. Solid, kiln-dried hardwood frames and eight-way hand-tied springs ensure a lifetime of comfort and durability. Jessica Charles’ dedication to the art of fine upholstery can be seen in their custom-fitted cushions, beautifully proportioned tufting, and skirts that are precisely cut, lined and mitered for a perfect drape.
Jonathan Charles Fine Furniture designs and manufactures the highest-quality European antique replicas, as well as its own unique transitional designs. These are distributed to the best shops and interior designers throughout North America, U.K., Spain, Italy and France, to name a few. The company’s meticulous attention to detail and pursuit of high-quality construction sets them apart from their competitors, and their passion for detail is reflected in their in-house brass foundry in which they manufacture their own hardware such as one of-a-kind pulls, hinges, locks and even keys, to enhance new pieces of furniture.
La Barge designers travel the world to bring you the very finest handcrafted mirrors, tables and accent furnishings. La Barge seeks the most skilled artisans who create their pieces by hand, using time-honored techniques: from sculpting and carving to hand rubbed finishes and gilding. La Barge has continued to explore the use of contrasting materials on traditional forms, creating an intriguing array of designs that balance the past and present; designs that lend a European flavor and that spans the centuries. From a Regency inspired gilded mirror for the drawing room to classical interpretations that bring the romance of the garden indoors, Le Barge offers a blend of sophistication and casual elegance evident throughout their collection.
When clients purchase a fine quality design from MacKenzie-Dow, they will experience a surprisingly timeless blend of Old World heritage and modern-day practicality. That’s because MacKenzie-Dow specializes in the craftsmanship of superb quality 17th and 18th century, European inspired solid wood furnishings that resonate as well today as they did years ago. Situated in West Virginia, MacKenzie-Dow’s local craftsmen and women employ centuries-old woodworking and joinery techniques to construct elegant creations that promise both enduring value and sophisticated style.
Maitland-Smith offers a vast array of fine home furnishings and unique home accessories. Many of these handcrafted treasures are “limited editions” and are destined to become family heirlooms and quite possibly valuable antiques for future generations. The hallmark of Maitland-Smith is their beautiful design sensibility and creative interpretation of a wide variety of styles and traditions. Maitland-Smith proudly presents their many elegant and distinctive pieces for homes today, with quality and style to last a lifetime.
McGuire is internationally known for creating high-end, designer furniture of rattan, woven peel, solid teak, bamboo, Oriental hardwoods, laced rawhide and aluminum. To connoisseurs of fine furniture, the name McGuire is synonymous with style and elegance. For over 50 years, McGuire Furniture Company of San Francisco has built a reputation for design and quality as gracious and lasting as the furniture it makes. The company's mission is to lend pleasure and permanence to contemporary living by creating functional art of lasting value, backed by exceptional service.
Since 1990, Old Biscayne Designs has manufactured fine iron beds and wood furniture designs derived from European antiques. Nick & Gretchen Gabrielli welded their cultures; his of Argentine aristocratic elegance and hers of Southern simplicity and charm to form a company that handcrafts furniture to each customer’s specifications. Every design is signed with the Gabrielli signature and year of creation. Their absolute dedication to excellence guarantees that the owner of a Gabrielli design will have the very best.
Sligh is a leader in the high-end home office and media cabinet industry, offering a broad selection of designs to fit any desired style. The company takes great pride in figuring out the functionality of each piece, maximizing storage, computer, and audio/visual challenges.
Swaim is a family business with a distinguished reputation for quality and originality. Founded in 1945 by Glen Swaim, Sr., this High Point, North Carolina manufacturer is an extensive resource for unique upholstery and fine occasional pieces for the design community. Today Swaim is directed by the third generation of the Swaim family. Time-honored pride in workmanship is evident throughout the Company’s American manufacturing facilities. Swaim offers an exceptionally high level of customization to clients’ desires, with an extensive selection of fabrics and over 50 wood finishes available for specific pieces.
Founded in 1996 by the enigmatic Paul Maitland Smith, an industry legend who has pioneered high-end furniture production throughout Asia for the past 25 years, Theodore Alexander is now one of the largest furniture manufacturers in South East Asia. Theodore Alexander has become eminent in its field — renowned as a unique brand embodying quality in design; providing eclectic, traditional and modern classical furniture and accessories to our clients. Theodore Alexander also carries a line by the Keno brothers. PJ Newman is the exclusive dealer of this line in the Tampa Bay Area, and several pieces are displayed on the showroom floor.
It all started with a velvet chair — the perfect velvet chair — the one at the forefront, the vanguard of the room. Vanguard Furniture is a fashion-driven company whose primary mission is to be a successful home furnishings leader in style, value and service with a vision to enrich lives through custom-crafted furniture. Today, more than 40 years later Vanguard Furniture is still making good on its name to be in the forefront of furniture: from one perfect velvet chair to endless possibilities.
Woodbridge Furniture Company was founded in early 2002 by principals who have many years of experience with high-end furniture. This experience covers all aspects of the furniture business, including product development, manufacturing, customer service, sales, and marketing. The company develops their own products, using classic design forms adapted to the casual lifestyles of today’s world. Pieces are crafted in hardwood solids and highly-figured veneers, and much of the veneer is hand-selected by Woodbridge to insure each piece is of the highest standard.
Chapman Manufacturing Company, Inc. is a world-renowned leader in the home furnishings industry. The Chapman Collection, with more than one thousand designs, encompasses table and floor lamps, chandeliers, sconces, accent furniture and decorative accessories. It includes authentic reproductions, traditional adaptations and transitional and original contemporary designs.
Chelsea House is recognized for its exquisite line of home furnishings that offer a unique level of grace, beauty, and sophistication not found elsewhere. Chelsea House furniture, lamps, artwork, garden décor, pillows, chandeliers, and decorative accessories are of the highest quality. Nearly every product is crafted by hand: each piece of art is painted one stroke at a time, each wood chair is carved by a master craftsman. Chelsea House home furnishings are for those with discerning tastes who appreciate the richness of tradition interpreted for today’s homes.
Since 1923 Frederick Cooper has been a leader in the lamp industry. Through mixing the media of brass, fabric, glass, and wood, Frederick Cooper creates exquisitely designed lamps that remain in style for generations.
Since 1903, Friedman Brothers has been the world's premier creator of custom handcrafted decorative mirrors for elegant interior design settings. Friedman Brothers products are found in some of the most prestigious locations around the World, including the halls of The Vatican and The White House. From private residences to world-class hotels, interior designers use Friedman products to enhance the prestige and elegance of their projects.
Holtkötter has been manufacturing chandeliers and lamps in Germany for more than 35 years. The company is one of a handful left that still designs their own fixtures and do their own manufacturing from the raw metal to the finished product, resulting in chandeliers and lamps of lasting quality. Holtkotter’s reason for being is defined by their manufacturing tradition, by their manufacturing expertise, and by their dedication to quality. The company’s future will be shaped by their continued devotion to the technical, functional and design challenges of lighting.
Ancient hand-forging techniques live on at Hubbardton Forge, as does truly timeless that’s simple, classic, elegant and original. Form and function are inseparable in every piece. From heavier gauge metals, custom turnings and superior internal components, to environmentally sound powder-coated finishes, Hubbardton Forge strives to create structural integrity and products that will endure.
For more than 40 years, the Soicher Marin name has been synonymous with craftsmanship and style. A family owned and operated business, Soicher Marin offers decorative and fine art to clients around the world: from Beverly Hills to Hong Kong, Las Vegas to St. Barths, New York to London, the Middle East and beyond. Their prints, mirrors and paintings can be seen in the finest residences in the world, as well as in corporate environments. Today, their digital archive of art-on-demand has surpassed the 15,000-file mark, and ranges in subjects from early botanicals, rare architecture and textile designs from all points on the globe to landscapes, maps and city scenes. In addition, their collection of prints and picture frame mouldings is vast.
For more than 90 years, Speer Collectibles has been designing and manufacturing collectible quality accessories, accent furniture and fine lighting. Speer’s original designs are hand crafted by skilled artisans employing the very finest materials available around the world.
Experience the art of lighting. Visual Comfort is the premiere American resource for signature designer lighting. For over 20 years they have produced lighting with some of the most influential names in design. Moving forward, they will continue to partner with noteworthy talents to enrich their extensive and creative selection of products. Lighting can turn a room into a living work of art. Visual Comfort makes it livable. | 2019-04-25T12:08:51Z | http://pjnewman.com/fine-furniture.html |
It isn’t surprising that the Alliance for a Better Minnesota, aka ABM, put together a deceitful collection of myths about the Affordable Care Act, aka the ACA.
Saying that Minnesota has the lowest rates in the nation doesn’t mean that insurance premiums didn’t go up with the ACA. It simply means they’re the cheapest premiums in the nation. It’s quite possible to have health insurance premiums go up. In fact, it’s inevitable because the required minimum benefits drive health insurance premiums up. That they’re the cheapest in the nation just means that other states’ health insurance premiums just went up more than Minnesota’s.
I read tons of articles a day and I don’t recall any conservative accuse Gov. Dayton of lying about people who like their plans could keep their plans. I’ve heard tons of people from across the political spectrum accuse President Obama of lying about keeping the policies people liked.
ABM is right, though, that Gov. Dayton told people who had their health insurance canceled that he wouldn’t let those insurance companies sell the old policies that people liked.
I know you’re going to say that 140,000 Minnesotans got cancellation notices, Aunt Phyllis, but the truth is it’s illegal in Minnesota to cancel health coverage.
I’d love hearing the explanation for that, especially since the ACA requires companies to cancel insurance that doesn’t meet the ACA’s minimum required coverages. If ABM isn’t lying, then it means that Minnesota health insurance companies aren’t complying with the ACA. In other words, ABM is accusing Minnesota health insurance companies of breaking federal law.
Thanks to Gov. Dayton’s ‘leadership’, MnSure is a national laughingstock. It’s the only website I’ve seen that gets weekends and holidays off. We’re the only state with Paul Bunyan ads and Mickey Mouse service.
While it’s true that MnSure is working better than HealthCare.gov, that isn’t exactly a high bar to clear. It simply means it’s outperforming a total political and policy disaster.
Walker is a tea party hero thanks to his courageous stand against the public-sector unions in Wisconsin. Cruz may have “faux filibustered” Obamacare, but Walker faced down 100,000 protesters outside the Capitol in Madison and won. He not only passed his reforms despite unbelievable odds, he became the first governor in U.S. history to survive a recall election. He’s both a fighter and a winner, a compelling combination for the conservative base.
Put differently, Christie is the bully who supports many liberal policies like gun control and global warming. Gov. Walker has a mental toughness that can’t be questioned. He stared down the thugs in Wisconsin and won the fight for important reforms. Everyone knows about the collective bargaining rights fight. Few noticed that he got other reforms passed, too.
Most importantly, I won’t have to worry whether Gov. Walker will abandon conservatism’s core principles. He won’t. He’ll pick great judges. He’ll feature a positive pro-growth agenda. He’ll be an unapologetic conservative with a lengthy history of conservative accomplishments.
To fight the recall, during which opponents disrupted Walker’s appearance at a Special Olympics event and squeezed Super Glue into the locks of a school he was to visit, Walker raised more than $30?million, assembling a nationwide network of conservative donors that could come in handy if he is reelected next year.
It’s great that Gov. Walker is a proven fundraiser. He’d need it if he runs against Hillary in 2016. More importantly, though, he understands the value of a strong organization.
In other words, Gov. Walker a) is an unapologetic conservative, b) has a lengthy list of conservative accomplishments, c) can rally the conservative base while still appealing to independents and d) is a prolific fundraiser. That’s quite the trifecta heading into 2016.
A month after emerging from a government shutdown at the top of their game, many Democrats in Congress newly worried about the party’s re-election prospects are for the first time distancing themselves from President Barack Obama after the disastrous rollout of his health care overhaul.
After winning the government shutdown, congressional Democrats are worried about their re-election prospects. Now Democrats are distancing themselves from President Obama after the disastrous rollout of HealthCare.gov.
Cummings, the White House’s biggest defender in a Republican-controlled committee whose agenda is waging war against the administration over the attack in Benghazi, the IRS scandal, a gun-tracking operation and now health care, said he still thinks Obama is operating with integrity.
Chairman Issa’s agenda thus far has been to highlight this administration’s dishonesty and incompetence. When President Obama and Secretary Clinton ignored Christopher Stevens’ frequent impassioned pleas for more security, they ignored him. As a direct result of their passivity, Ambassador Stevens and 3 other American patriots were executed in Benghazi.
That isn’t “waging war against the administration.” That’s investigating a tragic incident that didn’t need to happen. Investigating the IRS’ targeting of conservative organizations isn’t “waging war against the administration.” It’s investigating the abuse of power that’s happened all too frequently with this imperial administration. It’s a legitimate investigation because abuses of power of this scope can’t be tolerated. Period.
Let’s not be naive. There are political consequences for these foolish decisions. Congress is questioning President Obama’s integrity because he isn’t a man of integrity. The American people have noticed. As a result, President Obama’s approval ratings have dropped dramatically.
Hillary Clinton’s integrity hasn’t dropped…yet. She left Washington, DC before Greg Hicks’ riveting testimony about what happened that night in Benghazi. There will be a political price to be paid for her passivity and terrible decisionmaking. How high of a price she’ll pay isn’t knowable at this time. Suffice it to say it might be a steep price.
Republican members of Chairman Issa’s committee haven’t editorialized. They’ve asked professional, probing questions. That’s what they’re supposed to do. Their job is to investigate, not to be the administration’s stenographers.
If President Obama’s administration hadn’t made this many major mistakes, Chairman Issa’s committee wouldn’t have been justified in investigating this many things. Because they made this many egregious mistakes, Chairman Issa was obligated to investigate.
If that constitutes an attack in Ms. Kellman’s mind, then it’s safe to say she’s a stenographer, not a reporter.
D’s going on O’Care offensive?
The White House and congressional leadership are urging Democratic lawmakers to highlight ObamaCare success stories in an effort to take the offensive on the healthcare rollout after two months of backpedaling, according to two memos obtained by The Hill.
The memos, one from the Democrats’ messaging arm and one from the White House, advise members on how to establish the narrative that the Affordable Care Act is already working.
The Democratic Caucus is being told that the most effective strategy is to highlight the stories of consumers who obtained coverage despite having pre-existing conditions, of those who no longer have to worry about the financial threat of lifetime caps, and of young adults who have been able to stay on their parent’s coverage.
“Their stories will provide us with the ammunition we need to rebut Republican claims that the law isn’t working,” the DPCC says.
I’m wondering whether Republicans have infiltrated the DPCC. Seriously, highlighting things that people like won’t cut it. Republicans have agreed for years that people shouldn’t get denied coverage because a person has a pre-existing condition. Had there been an up-or-down vote on that issue alone, it would’ve passed unanimously in both the House and Senate. After that, it’s difficult to picture what’s popular in the Affordable Care Act, aka the ACA.
For every story of a person getting insurance for the first time, there will 5 stories of people who have life-threatening diseases who lost the insurance that was getting them the treatment they needed.
A couple weeks ago, Democrats’ favorite refrain was that Republicans shouldn’t “throw the baby out with the bath water.” They didn’t explain what they meant but it sounded reasonable. I’ve done their thinking for them. Obviously, babies represent the things people like; bath water represents things to be gotten rid of.
I think it’s reasonable to think that ensuring people with pre-existing conditions can get insurance represents the ‘baby’ in this metaphor. The only other provision worth keeping is young people being able to stay on their parents’ insurance until they’re 26. After that, it’s tough thinking of another provision worth keeping.
As for things that should be thrown out, the list is substantially bigger. Let’s start with dumping the employer and individual mandates, the 21-tax salute thanks to the Affordable Care Act, the health insurance exchanges, the websites, whether state- or fed-run and the higher premiums and higher deductibles.
If we got rid of that second list, there’d be much rejoicing on Main Street and with small businesses. How do Democrats go on offense with these realities?
The White House is delaying the launch of its online small-business exchange by one year, a Health and Human Services (HHS) official confirmed to The Hill on Wednesday.
The delay is another setback for the troubled enrollment process of President Obama’s signature healthcare law.
Companies with fewer than 50 employees were slated to begin buying coverage through the Small Business Health Options Program (SHOP), an online ObamaCare exchange, this month. The exchange’s delay means small businesses will instead have to seek out coverage through an agent or broker.
The ACA’s tax increases started on time. Anything that included a penalty has been implemented on time, with the exception of big corporations and big labor.
The health care law, President Obama’s latest name for the Affordable Care Act, aka Obamacare, is a dead man walking. Democrats are panicking bigtime. If President Obama hadn’t held his ‘mea culpa press conference’ 2 weeks ago, Democrats might’ve already abandoned him for all intents and purposes. He headed off a full-fledged stampede with that press conference. Temporarily.
HealthCare.gov is a disaster. State-run exchanges aren’t working well either. Millions of people have gotten cancellation notices saying that the health insurance they liked will expire at midnight New Year’s Eve. The new policies come with higher premiums, higher deductibles and tinier networks of coverage.
The healthcare law allows small businesses to either offer a single plan to all of their workers or pick a certain benefit level and let workers choose among plans at that level. The HHS delayed the latter option earlier this year, saying it’s too complicated for insurers to implement right away. Workers will still not be able to choose from an employer-approved benefit level of plans during the one-year delay.
It finally dawned on the administration that administering health insurance is complicated. What a revelation. It isn’t surprising that the Obama administration has looked like the latest iteration of the Keystone Cops.
Three years ago, St. Cloud State University students voted to raise the fees they pay in order to prop up the athletic department budget, including a boost that saved the football program. In December, students will be asked to renew that fee, which expires June 30 and provides about $500,000 of the athletic budget.
I don’t doubt that people are asking how this is proof of a budget crisis. Prior to three years ago, athletic programs were funded through the general fund budget.
It isn’t coincidence that three years ago marked the start of the contract between SCSU and the Wedum Foundation. That’s lost over $3,000,000 since then. Three years ago is also when enrollment started dropping. FY2010 was SCSU’s peak enrollment year. President Potter’s budget on nonessential things collided with a significant drop in tuition revenue.
Since SCSU’s peak FYE enrollment year, FYE enrollment has dropped by almost 20%.
The vote will happen by email from 8 a.m. Dec. 2 to 3 p.m. Dec. 4. The St. Cloud State student government put two questions on the ballot for the student fees. The first asks if the student fee should “remain constant.” The second asks if the athletic department should be required to ask students to renew the fee in 2018. If students vote no on the second question, the fee will be permanent. If Question 1 fails, or if less than 8 percent of the student body votes, the student government could put the question on the ballot again in the spring.
Three years ago, athletes dominated the voting. The referendum passed overwhelmingly. This time, the vote is invalidated if only a tiny percentage of students vote. This time, a high turnout by athletes won’t be enough. This time, they’ll need support from other students, too.
If the December vote goes against the fee, the university would have to use its decision-making process to determine how to respond. The university is in the process of filling a $2.9 million budget deficit for 2013-14 and is expecting to confront one again in 2014-15. That makes a potential shortfall in the athletic program more challenging, Potter said. “There is no obvious source of funds,” Potter said.
One obvious source of funds is the contract President Potter signed with the City of St. Cloud for 3 police officers. That’s $240,000 a year that didn’t need to be spent. President Potter could also contact the Wedum Foundation and tell them that they’re opting out of their contract if Wedum doesn’t renegotiate the contract.
SCSU has lost $1,000,000 a year the first three years of the contract. If Wedum isn’t willing to renegotiate the contract, President Potter should make clear that SCSU is opting out of the contract ASAP. If that doesn’t get the Foundation’s attention, then the Foundation isn’t paying attention. I’m betting they’re paying attention.
What this crisis is about is a) the University’s enrollment is suffering and b) President Potter is spending too much money on nonessential items. SCSU paying for police officers isn’t essential. Spending money on upscale apartments for students isn’t essential either.
Enrollment at the school has declined by about 11 percent in the past four years, prompting the projected budget deficit. The school is targeting faculty for reductions to match the decline. “There’s just a very direct connection between how many students we have and how many faculty we need,” Blackhurst said.
That’s just the enrollment numbers. I wish enrollment was St. Cloud State’s only problem. It isn’t. St. Cloud State has lost north of $3,000,000 on their lease with the Wedum Foundation over the last 3 years. With enrollment declining dramatically, a sharp drop in dorm occupancy has happened. The peak occupancy was 96% in FY2010. This year, it’s at 78% with an asterisk. The asterisk comes from not knowing if that 78% is based on the total number of rooms on campus or if it’s based on the total number of available dorm rooms. If they subtracted the number of rooms getting renovated, that 78% figure might be artificially high.
What isn’t known is how much revenue has come in from renting dorm rooms. That’s the only statistic that matters to budgets and their impact on departmental staffing.
Earlier this fall, the school planned to offer early retirement incentives to 35 people. Only 19 faculty members and two staff members indicated they would accept early retirement. Those retirements combined with vacancies the school hasn’t filled will reduce the deficit by about $2.5 million, Blackhurst said.
A second round of retirement incentives targeted toward departments that need additional reductions will be offered. “We’d rather have those reductions be voluntary,” she said. Blackhurst said the list of departments prioritized for reductions is not final.
It’s apparent that Moorhead is in more financial trouble than St. Cloud State. Still, it isn’t a stretch to think that St. Cloud State could be in as dire of straits as Moorhead within 2 years.
There’s no disputing whether Moorhead is in difficult financial and academic straits. It’s definitely in dire straits. Likewise, there’s no question that St. Cloud State is heading in that direction.
From the nation’s founding until today, the Constitution’s protection of religious liberty has been seen as a personal right, inextricably linked to the human capacity to express devotion to a God and act on the basis of reason and conscience.
Where in the First Amendment does it say that “the free exercise” of religion is limited to individuals? Further, aren’t corporations groups of people? Corporations aren’t buildings. Corporations are groups of people.
Does the Fourth Amendment only protect individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures? God help us if it does.
Business corporations, quite properly, have never shared in this fundamental constitutional tradition for the obvious reason that a business corporation lacks the basic human capacities — reason, dignity and conscience — at the core of the right to free exercise of religion. Obviously not “persons” in the usual sense of the word, these corporations are also not religious organizations, which have historically received some constitutional protection and are, in fact, given exemptions from the contraception mandate.
That’s wrongheaded thinking, too. Because corporations are collections of people, those people have “the basic human capacities” of “reason, dignity and conscience.” Further, what says that only churches and religious institutions have “constitutional protections”? Finally, do people lose their First Amendment protections when they join corporations?
Politicians that underestimate the size of what might be called ‘Common Core mom’ vote do so at their peril. There’s a large and growing demographic that will have an impact on congressional and legislative races next year. People who dismiss this growing demographic will be making a major mistake. Joy Pullmann’s article highlights the growing opposition to Common Core and politicians disdain for activists who are pushing back against Common Core elitists.
Common Core lists what several committees convened within two DC-based nonprofits decided K-12 children need to learn in math and English. Although federal influence over testing and curriculum is illegal, the Obama administration has funded two other nonprofits it oversees to make national tests that will measure whether children have learned what these committees wanted. These currently unfinished tests will replace state tests in more than 40 states in 2014-15. In most states, test results influence teacher pay, personnel hiring and firing, school funding, state control over school districts, curriculum, whether students pass their grade or graduate, college acceptance, and more. Basically, Common Core touches everything in U.S. education except bus routes.
Common Core opponents include, as entire institutions or representatives from them, the American Principles Project, Americans for Prosperity, the Badass Teachers Association, the Brookings Institution, the Cato Institute, Class Size Matters, Eagle Forum, FreedomWorks, the Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice, the Goldwater Institute, the Heartland Institute (where I work), the Heritage Foundation, Hillsdale College, the Hoover Institution, Notre Dame University, the National Association of Scholars, the Pioneer Institute, Stanford University, United Opt-Out, and leaders from Texas Gov. Rick Perry and Virginia Gov. Bob McDonnell to a coalition of Catholic university scholars and teachers union darling Diane Ravitch. These organizations’ flavors range from constitutionalist to libertarian to liberal. The people making the noise are regular moms, dads, and grandparents, but they’re backed up by organizations with intellectual chops.
As a sampling of the disregard politicians have bestowed on thousands of ordinary people agitating against Common Core as it rolls out into schools in advance of the tests, consider the following.
Thousands of New York parents and teachers have attended public forums to protest Common Core this fall. At the first of 16 state-sponsored townhalls on the topic, state education Commissioner John King was booed after talking over parents repeatedly and giving the large, angry audience 20 minutes to ask questions after a two-hour presentation. After the meeting, King declared the forum was “co-opted by special interests whose stated goal is to ‘dominate’ the questions and manipulate the forum.” So he canceled the rest. After calls for his resignation, King announced new, invite-only forums.
If you think the health care town halls in August, 2009 were spirited, you ain’t seen nothing yet. The people in these audiences are from a much wider political spectrum, meaning they’re drawing from a significantly bigger pool of activists than the TEA Party ever did.
Further, though elitists like Jeb Bush and Arne Duncan think poorly of Common Core opposition activists, that doesn’t mean these Common Core moms votes don’t count just as much as these elitists’ votes count for. It’s worth noting that these activists will show up on Election Night 2014. Every elitist comment from Commissioner King, Gov. Bush or Secretary Duncan just activates these voters more.
In presidential election years, elitists can get away with their snobbishness to a certain extent. In mid-term elections, elitists can’t get away with their snobbishness because blue collar workers make up a bigger percentage of the voters showing up.
Follow this link to find out why Common Core needs to be abolished from schools nationwide. | 2019-04-22T23:59:00Z | http://www.letfreedomringblog.com/?m=201311 |
We stopped our ice dam problems by installing 8 inches of rigid foam insulation above the existing roof sheathing. Once the new polyiso foam was installed, workers fastened down a second layer of roof sheathing and installed new asphalt shingles.
Because of improved product and installation methods, techniques to build new or remodel existing homes have advanced dramatically in the past few decades. In 2017, I used one of these innovations — continuous exterior insulation — to solve ice dam and heat loss issues of my seven-unit apartment building located in Pownal, Vermont.
In 1996, my significant other Rich and I purchased a building that had been a motel and remolded it into a seven-unit apartment building. At that time the asphalt shingle roof was fairly new.
The original structure was a house built in the late 1800s; then in the 1960s a two-story attached motel wing was added.
Given that the property is located in snowy Vermont, certain areas of the roof required raking after each snowfall to prevent ice dams. Even so, several years ago the 4,250-square-foot roof began experiencing consistent ice dams leading to leaks. We made emergency repairs, but a permanent fix was vital.
While various roof areas were affected by occasional ice dams, a particular second-floor apartment suffered repeated damage. Ice melt originating from the roof dripped through the attic and leaked next to a light fixture.
Another serious issue occurred with a first-floor apartment. With the “right” weather conditions, water puddled above all the west-facing windows and dripped inside. (Only heavy towels laid across the sills saved the interior.) This situation occurred because the roof lacked any overhang — precipitation seeped down from the edge of the roof between the sheathing and siding. Areas of the window sills, siding, and sheathing were rotted.
While it was clear that we needed new roofing, it was not clear to me at first which products or techniques would best fit our needs and budget. The solution finally came down to two choices.
Installation of a standing-seam metal roof was appealing because a standing-seam roof is long-lasting and good-looking, and because photovoltaic (PV) panels are easily attached to clips that can be clamped to the standing seams.
But because the building faced southwest, installing PV would require the removal of four 75-foot-tall pine trees. To be worth the substantial investment, we would need enough PV panels to cover almost the entire front side of the roof.
The estimate to install a 4,250-square-foot standing-seam metal roof was $60,000. And that price did not include insulation, PV panels, or the repair of any extraordinary problems that might be uncovered beneath the existing shingles. And there was no guarantee that a metal roof without additional insulation would prevent future ice dams.
It was imperative for us to find a solution to prevent ice dams — a solution that didn’t involve climbing any more 16-foot ladders in winter to rake snow off the two-story roof.
I first heard about high R-value unvented compact roofs from Dr. Joseph Lstiburek, the founding principal of Building Science Corporation. Joe is known for his skill at explaining the whys and wherefores of building science. He is the smartest, most entertaining building expert I’ve ever heard.
At a conference some 15 years ago, Joe described the technique of wrapping a building’s exterior with rigid insulation to prevent thermal bridging. The method includes the installation of a “drain plane” (rainscreen gap) to help the siding dry out. Immediately and successfully I began using that technique. Then last year, after hearing about Joe’s roof experience with his own home, I became convinced that insulation placed above the roof sheathing would save energy and prevent ice dams.
Like so many older buildings in the northeast, my building’s basic structure — its shallow framing — contributed to the ice dams. The attic lacks sufficient space to install adequate insulation, especially near the eaves. Because of air leaks, warm air rises from the heated living space below and passes through the attic causing snow to melt. Low outdoor temperatures cause the melted snow to freeze.
Depending on weather conditions, this scenario may repeat itself. When temperatures rise, the ice melt can find weak spots, causing water leaks in living space.
I called a number of general contractors to hear about their experiences using continuous rigid foam insulation above the roof deck on a sloped roof. (Commercial roofers have successfully used this approach for years on low-slope roofs.) Of the people I called, only two — a G.C. from Long Island and a building inspector from Massachusetts — had used this method. Both are now enthusiastic advocates of this approach. Hearing their successful stories (in addition to Joe’s) convinced me.
To proceed, I needed more information about available products and the best procedures.
The first product I was anxious to specify was the insulation. The amount of insulation required depends on climate zone. In Vermont (Climate Zone 6), the code calls for roof insulation with a minimum R-value of R-49.
I came across information about 4-inch-thick polyisocyanurate (ISO 95+ GL) manufactured by Firestone. The product had the highest R-value per inch I’d yet encountered. The 4-inch-thick product was rated at R-23.6, so the R-value of two layers would be R-47.2.
I was psyched; I could easily achieve my objective. (The existing attic insulation was a meager R-20.) The cost of two layers of 4-inch polyiso for the 4,225 square foot roof (252 pieces) was $11,206.
(1) All existing asphalt shingles were removed; many sections had three or four layers. The condition of at least 50% of the original sheathing was abominable. The bad sheathing was replaced with 5/8-inch CDX plywood.
It seems that prior roofing problems (before the installation of the new roof in the 1990s) were “fixed” by adding additional shingles. Half the original sheathing had delaminated, was rotten, or had actual holes.
(2) A synthetic roofing underlayment, Owens Corning Deck Defense, was applied over all of the sheathing (see Image #2, below).
(3) A new 2×10 fascia, high enough to accommodate the insulation, sheathing, and roofing material, was installed at the perimeter of most of the roof slopes. The fascia was toe-nailed to the joists.
The thickness of the new polyiso is obvious at the peak. The slope on the right has 8 inches of polyiso, while the slope on the left has not yet been insulated.
(4) Workers installed two layers of 4-inch polyiso (4’ x 8’ sheets of Firestone ISO 95+ GL). The second layer was installed with staggered joints. The polyiso sheets were easily installed working from the fascia up. All gaps were with filled with minimal expanding canned spray foam. Seams were taped with Zip System tape (see Images #3 and #4, below).
(5) Because the roof was large, and because rain is a constant threat in Vermont, the project proceeded in sections. To keep the polyiso dry, tarps were used to cover sections that were not yet completed.
(6) All penetrations like vent pipe were air sealed with minimal expanding canned spray foam.
(7) The polyiso was covered with Huber 5/8” tongue-and-groove Zip sheathing. Long screws (12 inch heavy-duty screws from Firestone) were used to fasten the new sheathing through the rigid foam to the rafters. Workers found that the lines on the sheathing were useful guides to position the screws. Each 4’ x 8’ piece of sheathing required 33 of the 12-inch screws.
(8) The new Zip sheathing was covered with underlayment (Tri-Flex XT underlayment from GCP Applied Technologies). This underlayment is slip-resistant.
One of the low-slope roofs didn’t need the perimeter 2x10s that were installed on the steeper roofs. The photo shows the exposed polyiso at the roof perimeter before the aluminum coil stock flashing was installed. Note that the second layer of rigid foam has staggered seams.
(9) At the perimeter of the roof, the exposed polyiso was protected with 24-inch-wide aluminum coil stock.
The coil stock is brown, like the building. The contractor bent the coil stock on site with a brake.
(10) The roofers installed the shingles (see Images #5 and #6, below).
The project cost $14 per square foot.
Adding 8 inches of polyiso insulation above the roof sheathing along with a second layer of roof sheathing and new asphalt shingle roofing cost the same as installing a standing-seam metal roof without any insulation. However, this high-R-value roof assembly should prevent future ice dams and reduce heating and cooling costs.
Because the roof configuration of the building includes cathedral ceilings, and since there are few roof penetrations, and since the crew took care with their installation, I did not include a vented air space (as some installers do) above the polyiso layer.
In , Joe Lstiburek wrote: “Insulation Above and Below Roof Deck – The rigid insulation can be ‘anything’ above the roof deck. The main stipulation is the thermal resistance of this rigid insulation above the roof deck is based on [the ratios shown in] Table 1. The ‘air permeable insulation’ can be pretty much anything as well… just as long as the thermal resistance of this layer does not violate the ‘ratio.’ … This performance requirement is a ‘simplified’ ‘conservative’ approximation of all the historical experience and field work. Think of it as what it is…an “engineering coefficient”…..OK, more of an engineering equation providing boundary conditions…. not derived from first principles but derived from observed experimentation and field experience.
The ratio table in Lstiburek’s article is similar to the table shown in the GBA article titled Combining Exterior Rigid Foam With Fluffy Insulation (reproduced below).
We had two priorities: to prevent ice dams, and to reduce heating and cooling energy costs.
As of this writing, the building has had no ice dams! We’ve had several snowfalls, and even though the roof was not raked, there haven’t been any icicles.
This winter the lowest temperature in the unheated attic space (in subzero windy weather) was 68°F. Typically, the attic temperature is even warmer: 70°F to 72°F. Clearly, the insulated roof reduces heating energy costs. We’ll be able to calculate the savings once the first heating season is over. We also intend to monitor the attic temperature throughout the summer.
Pauline Guntlow has a Massachusetts general contractor license. She designs and manages everything from kitchens to entire homes.
Would you please verify your Polyiso cost. Polyiso tends to be the most expensive rigid insulation and your listed cost for the 4,225 sf @ R-49 seems unduly reasonable. In any case I am looking for a supplier of the same insulation you used here in MSP. Thanks again for a great article, all of the detail you have provided is most valuable. I have linked your article and have sent to 5 like minded, dedicated building professionals this morning.
Great project, and as Doug mentioned very useful to have a break-down of the costs and such a thorough description both of the process and thinking behind it.
- There is no mention of how the existing attic was air-sealed at the perimeter. Adding insulation above the roof deck is only effective if the attic is converted from a vented to an unvented one.
- I'm not sure the comparison between a standing-seam metal roof and the solution they ended up using really makes much sense. The metal roof wouldn't have solved the problems they were having. Similarly I don't see where PV comes into the equation at all. Solar panels could be mounted on both roof sand doesn't contribute to the solution either.
Edit: The specs call out a synthetic roof underpayment, and it is visible in one of the photos, but other clearly shows shingles being installed directly to the zip sheathing with no underlayment, or membrane in the valley. That would worry me.
I purchased the polyiso from Allied Building Products in Albany, NY. The total cost including tax and delivery cost was $44.67 per 4' x 8' sheet, which equals $11,255.97. Actually I came across this Firestone product while I was in Albany picking up other material. While walking around Allied's Warehouse I spotted this huge pipe of thick insulation and started quizzing the attendant about it. Prior to this time I had searched for such a product - but had not found any with such a high R value.
Reclaimed 4" roofing polyiso typically runs ~$20-25/sheet from multiple sources in MA, but it varies. I've seen 4" for less than $15, in near-perfect condition at times from smaller reclaimers. Three inch goods typically runs $15-20.
To hit IRC 2013 code-min on a U-factor basis (< U0.026, or R38.5 "whole assembly) takes only ~6", when factoring in the R-values of the structural roof deck, the nailer deck, the roofing shingles & felt, and the interior & exterior air films. At 8" it's significantly higher performance than code.
In this design, the intent is that the Deck Defense underlayment provides the above air barrier?
If this is considered a combination of fluffy and rigid, then this quote might be a concern: "the rigid insulation above the roof sheathing, and the fluffy insulation below the roof sheathing — need to be in direct contact with the roof sheathing."
Not important, but I didn't find anything in the manufacturer's information that indicated that either underlayment was vapor-permeable. Maybe I missed it.
Thanks for your comment. As far as I can tell, you are right about the vapor permeance of the synthetic roofing underlayments mentioned in the article. Owens Corning Deck Defense is a vapor barrier -- it has a vapor permeance of 0.23 perm, as noted in my article on roofing underlayments (Synthetic Roofing Underlayments).
I have corrected the article.
Sixty thousand dollars to fix ice dams is preposterous. You fail to identify the cause, therefore go to extremes to treat symptoms. Poor performing insulation is the cause of ice dams, usually blown fiberglass. Blown fiberglass leaks warm air that melts snow, which in turn runs down the roof and freezes at the overhang.
The solution is as simple as the cause. Use quality insulation. I routinely rake the blown fiberglass away from the eves and then lay down a nice blanket of cellulose insulation covering the leaky fiberglass; sealing the warm air leaks allowed by inadequate fiberglass. End of story. Or you can do a lot of busy work with foam board and pretend you worked really smart.
Thanks for sharing your technique for addressing ice dams. Your approach is both cheaper and less effective than the approach used by Pauline Guntlow. In a house with insufficient space at the eaves for adequate insulation, there is no way to achieve R-40 or R-50 with cellulose.
This is a 7-unit apartment building, so the cost per dwelling unit for the fix was $8,617. Was that a good investment? The only person who can answer that question is the owner. Pauline is the owner -- and in this case, her answer to the question is an enthusiastic "yes!"
You wrote that Pauline "failed to identify the cause" of the ice dams. In fact she did; she wrote, "The attic lacks sufficient space to install adequate insulation, especially near the eaves. Because of air leaks, warm air rises from the heated living space below and passes through the attic causing snow to melt."
Can you explain the thinking on the first underlayment (Owens Corning Deck Defense)? I'd think each of the sealed layers of Polyiso (taped and penetrations sealed) would function as air barriers, and those plus the upper underlayment are all keeping moisture from making it down through the system. Is this just even more redundancy?
Just wondering about polyiso products. I have read that as temperatures decrease, it insulates less. This would be a major problem in areas where extreme temperatures are a problem like Ontario.
I'm not sure I agree with you that it's a "major problem."
The outermost inch of polyiso is cold. But that outermost inch keeps the second inch a little warmer, improving its performance.
The innermost inch of polyiso is a room temperature, so it's performing very well indeed.
The middle-most inch is somewhere in performance between the innermost inch and the outermost inch.
With 8 inches of polyiso, I'd say the roof is performing well.
Remember, even if the outermost inch of polyiso is at 0 degrees F, it's not worthless. It's still performing at R-4 per inch or better -- at least as well as EPS.
For more information on this issue, see Cold-Weather Performance of Polyisocyanurate.
Did this about 5 yrs ago in Minnesota. 4" of poly-ico under new sheathing with 3.5" of closed cell foam on under side of roof (2x4 rafters). Ice dams gone, vastly reduced heating and cooling. In addition the interior foam strengthened the whole roof structure in this 1940's house.
At a mean temp through the foam layer of 0F/-18C it's still running about R4.3/inch. If polyiso is the only insulation in the stackup and it's 20C indoors, the only time it drops to even that R4.3/inch is when it's -56C outside. How often does that actually happen?
At -15C outdoors, 20C indoors the mean temp through the foam would be +2C/+36F, a mean temperature at which the generic polyiso is performing at R4.7/inch. And that's during the coldest weather.
The example producte for that curve peaks at fairly low R5.5/inch @ 55F/+13C through the foam- most current polyiso does better than that, testing at R5.7-R6/inch @ 75F mean temp, a mean temp at which the example product only musters R5.2/inch.
The curves will be slightly different from vendor to vendor, product to product, but for most current offerings assuming ~R5/inch seasonal average performance for just about any location in Ontario isn't a stretch. Yes, that is lower than the labeled performance, but the derating for temperature doesn't take hard math. At 8" the roof in this article would be performing at better than R40 "whole-assembly" even in places as cool as Kenora, and will do better than that in it's balmy Vermont location.
If anyone knows of any builders or roofing companies doing this work in the Washington, D.C. area, it would be greatly appreciated. I have explained this approach to many clients, but know of no one who is doing this type of work. I have tried to talk several roofing companies into offering this service, but so far no takers. I know one person who just took his whole roof off and put on a SIPs roof, but that is pretty pricey.
If the first image of building construction shown represents THIS apartment building then I am truly confused. Confused why no one else jumped on the likely simplest and least expensive solution for ice dams-- spray on foam at outer perimeter of existing attic above ext walls and partially into area above conditioned space.
Confused why, with the whole attic already having insulation above the rooms this area could possibly be at 68 to 72F with subzero outside temps. What? are they purposely heating the attic to be occupied or is there simply zero insulation above the "conditioned" spaces??!
Confused because there is no addressing what must be a huge amount of air leakage from the conditioned space with almost no air flow UNDER the roof to move the leaked conditioned air away to attic vents.
With a spray foam nozzle it seems to me a much easier and less expensive solution to this problem for many reasons: tool is small enough to allow operator plenty of standoff distance to work foam into small spaces above ext walls, it fills all the air leaks with an air tight seal, high insulation value, negates need for roof top insulation and apparently a LOT of labor cost.
Regardless, they probably STILL needed a new roof, so that is just an outright cost they had to pony up for regardless of the ice dam solution.
For future builds of similar systems, I'd consider taped sheathing or a fully adhered membrane for the critical air barrier below the insulation.
With (I think) this attic being semi-conditioned space, I'd monitor relative humidity there.
There are several reasons why it might make sense to install 8 inches of polyiso on the exterior side of the roof sheathing instead of trying to solve the ice dams by installing spray foam near the eaves.
1. In an older building with several additions, access to the area near the eaves can be difficult or almost impossible.
2. The available height for insulation near the eaves is often too little to get enough R-value, even with spray foam -- especially if ventilation baffles are needed to ventilate the attic.
3. Older buildings often have hidden air pathways that are hard to locate. If these air leaks are under a layer of existing (older) insulation, you need a skilled and experienced work crew to locate and seal all the air leaks. Even with an experienced crew, it's easy to miss a few air leaks.
This blog gave me a better understanding for insulating above the roof deck. The only question I have is about the roof deck air barrier. From the photos, it appears the Owens Corning Deck Defense is installed much like roofing underlayment, from the eave to the peak. I was taught that the air/vapor barrier needs to be continuous. It would seem to me there would be a break at the eave between the top plate and the bottom of the roof deck. Was this area addressed during the re-roof?
Perhaps Pauline will post a comment about air sealing the attic and maintaining a continuous air barrier.
You're right, of course. Your comment is similar to Malcolm Taylor's first point in Comment #3. If anyone wants to follow Pauline's lead, converting a vented unconditioned attic into an unvented conditioned attic, you have to pay attention to air barrier continuity. That means that you need to develop a plan to connect the wall air barrier with the roof assembly air barrier, and you need to address air leaks at the gable walls of the attic, if any.
What other rigid insulation could be used for sloped roofs to bring roof R-values to code or beyond. Extruded or expanded polystyrene? The low cost polyiso featured may not be available in all areas. I would be slightly concerned about water absorption on the raw ends of the polyiso sheets. A mastic of some type on those unfaced ends, especially near the eaves, might be good insurance.
1.Removed all siding on the west wall and gable; insulated over sheathing with ROXUL R23. There were two reasons for using ROXUL – to establish continuity between side walls and roof, and to reduce road noise on that side of the building.
2. The wall between the newer section and the original building was stripped from the inside, sealed with spray foam, and insulated.
3. As the crew replaced some old roof sheathing near the east side gable they observed the poor condition of fiberglass batt’s on interior gable wall. That material was removed, framing air sealed with foam, and gable wall insulated from the interior with ROXUL.
4. Twelve inch high pieces of ROXUL were also used along the edge of the roof between each rafter.
Although not perfect – this retrofit works – no snow raking, no ice dams, and my attic office is 72 degrees.
A response to Dana Dorsett’s comment, “Reclaimed goods are cheaper and greener”. Actually, I looked into such products Dana, but was reluctant because the edges can be damaged and corners ragged. I felt the time it would take to pay the crew to “fix” the sheets might be spent in salary. But definitely would consider for a different project.
Polyiso is the mostly commonly used roofing foam, although there are no technical reasons why you can't install EPS or XPS on a roof.
As you may know, green builders generally avoid the use of XPS because XPS is manufactured with a blowing agent that has a high global warming potential. More information here: Choosing Rigid Foam.
On Pauline Guntlow's building, the edges of the polyiso are protected by 2x10s or metal flashing (or both), so there is no reason to worry about moisture absorption.
We have a 8 yr old (we think) well-insulated house, but have a limited area of occasional ice dam formation in one spot on a north facing overhang/valley.
We suspect it would be really difficult to access that particular spot of the attic inside.
Is there any reason why using "slip sheets" of steel roof along the bottom 3 ft of roof wouldn't be the most cost-effective solution?
Thanks for a really interesting article and set of comments.
In northern New England, roofers are very familiar with your approach. You often see 4-foot-wide bands of standing-seam metal roofing (or other types of metal flashing) at the eaves of homes that are subject to ice dam problems. This method was generally abandoned after the Grace Company introduced Ice & Water Shield to the market in the late 1970s.
In general, installing Ice & Water Shield or wide metal flashing at the eaves can relieve some ice dam problems. While it usually doesn't stop ice formation, it reduces the chance of a leak reaching your ceiling. If the ice dam gets big enough, you can still end up with a ceiling leak.
The most long-term solutions involve air sealing improvements and improved insulation. But homeowners with ice dam problems make compromises all the time, and often resort to inelegant solutions like wide metal flashing or electric heating cables.
I would recommend running the ice and water shield (on new construction) farther up the roof than typically called for by code, starting at the eave line. I think MN code calls for 18" up from the exterior wall top plate. To this I will add another 36" width of ice and water membrane. I also run a 36" width under all metal valleys before laying the roofing. Ice and water is a valuable material when working the tricky flashing areas, saddles, etc.
I have been doing Ice dam remediation this winter for my neighbor and now others are interested. My method has been to work from the inside (recent new roof) using a dedicated air space, fiberglass (recycled) and polyiso on the warm side to negate thermal bridging, add r-value and provide an airtight layer.
The next project will be roof over as you have so nicely described. Thank you for providing the costs for the project as this information is so often lacking in case studies.
In thinking about this project over the weekend something else comes to mind. I did not see anywhere mentioned the calculation for snow loads on this roof both pre and post for the work done. Clearly some weight was added to the existing roof framing with the insulation and extra decking material. This may be balanced out by the layers of existing roofing removed before starting the reconstruction. However, previously this roof routinely had snow removed when needed and also the shedding of weight due to the heat loss through the thermally deficient roof assembly. A well insulated and air sealed roof assembly will maintain uniformly all of the snow that has fallen for a given winter season short of wind blown removal and occasional thawing cycles.
Water content of snow is a big factor in roof snow load calculations and it seems the water content of snow may be higher on a percentage basis than years ago due to the increased water vapor in the atmosphere. Snow load tables may have to be updated to reflect the possibility of additional weight due to water content.
My thanks to Pauline for her bravado in posting with great detail the work and the results of her project. Thanks also to Dana for mentioning recycled insulation as a way to build greener and more cost effectively. Return on investment can be greatly increased for energy efficient retrofits by doing some homework and sourcing previously used building materials, not to mention the decreased carbon load.
Pauline, Thanks for the great write up. You analysis is very helpful for anyone considering doing this. The best follow up in the future will be an analysis of your heating fuel usage (i.e. in btu/HDD or gallon/HDD) before and after. If you want me to do it, just get me the fuels deliveries for a couple of years.
I live in a ranch house in zone 5 and I am interested in doing this for the sake of airsealing because I have some minor air leakes. I have 12 to18 inches of cellulose over most of the ceiling except over outer walls. From the discussion, I understand the need to extend the air barrier at the gables to the wall top plate and to insulate the gable walls. I don’t think I can go back up in the attic and swim through all that cellulose and effectively apply an vapor barrier.
Would one rake 41% of the present interior ceiling insulation and add that amount to the exterior with foam? Or does one take 41% of the R49?
If your attic floor already has 12 to 18 inches of cellulose, and you have some "minor air leaks," the most cost-effective approach to your situation would be to locate and seal the minor air leaks. A blower door and an infrared camera might help; in some cases, a theatrical fog machine can be used to help find leaks.
You also mention the possible need for a vapor barrier -- but there is no reason (neither a building code requirement or a practical reason) to install a vapor barrier. What you need is an air barrier.
Installing a thick layer of rigid foam on the exterior side of your roof sheathing, along with a second layer of sheathing and new roofing, is expensive. I doubt whether it's the best way to go in your case.
If you do decide to install exterior rigid foam in Zone 5, at least 41% of the total R-value of the roof assembly (not including the cellulose on the attic floor) needs to come from the rigid foam. The remaining 59% of the total R-value of the roof assembly would come from new insulation installed between your rafters; this new insulation would have to be in direct contact with the roof sheathing. You would need to remove the existing cellulose insulation on your attic floor if you went this route, which is a big job. It's easier to just find and seal the "minor air leaks" than it is to do as you plan.
We would like to use this method on our home. We live near Chicago, Illinois. I have not been able to find any contractor in our area who has used this method before. Please help me get in touch with a contractor from any area who has successfully used this method and would be willing to do the job for us or help us make sure we do the job correctly. Thanks. | 2019-04-20T21:13:31Z | http://lakesideca.info/blogs/dept/guest-blogs/solving-ice-dam-problem-exterior-rigid-foam |
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It’s Also worth pointing out that though Envato Hosted does not prohibit using any specific plugins (like any other managed WordPress hosts), they do indicate avoiding caching plugins, as Envato already applies server caching to all websites in their platform. However, while Envato Hosted doesn’t yet preserve their own content delivery network (CDN), you are free to take advantage of a third-party CDN of your own choice — another popular approach to speed up a WordPress website.
Testing The rate of a web site and its own web host is not as easy as it might appear. Running a manual test with a reputable service such as Pingdom or even GTmetrix can produce wildly varying outcomes from one moment to another. To counteract this, for our tests, the premium Pingdom service was used to mechanically record the rate of this test website at 30-minute spans around the clock for seven days.
There Are numerous factors that could impact the load times of your site, including your choice of motif, which plugins you’re using, what type of content you are publishing, just how many visitors are trying to get your site at one period, and where these visitors are situated. Nevertheless, these test results should give you some notion of what to expect from Envato Hosted.
Envato Elements is A subscription service that offers you access to over 900,000 downloadable digital assets for your own projects. To keep things easy, Envato Elements provides two pricing strategies — monthly and annual — with both encouraging unlimited downloads. As a result of some recent change to their own pricing model, the two alternatives (instead of only the annual plan) now consist of access to the 900+ WordPress themes and plugins available from Envato Elements.
Unlike some other Premium image and digital asset solutions, you won’t need to worry about credits and download limitations. This strategy from Envato Elements is great since it provides you the capability to experiment with various documents before making a final decision on which one to use for your own project.
As you can see, Anybody generating visual information, and now audio content, is part of their Envato Elements target market. If you have ever struggled to get a suitable featured image for a blog article or you would like to speed up your design workflow by simply beginning with a template or using actions and presets for your favourite applications, Envato Elements might help you out. Now that WordPress plugins and themes are also available as part of the service, anyone who possesses a WordPress website or works with this platform should also think about signing up using Envato Element.
As mentioned Earlier in this Envato Elements review, you do not have to pay annually to gain access to this 900+ WordPress plugins and themes (along with the other resources ) as it currently doesn’t matter if you choose to pay monthly or yearly, you can download everything accessible from Envato Elements while your subscription is still active.
Another good reason To consider joining Envato Element is that you can cancel your subscription at any time and still keep the rights to use any things that you downloaded and enrolled throughout your time as a contributor. However, we are going to be covering the permit details in more depth later on in this Envato Elements review.
WordPress users Will notice that there are now WordPress themes and plugins available within Envato Elements. There isn’t the selection to match ThemeForest, the biggest WordPress theme marketplace, or CodeCanyon, the plugin market, both also possessed by Envato, but new things have been added on a regular basis. Royalty-free stock photos have also been added to Envato Elements with over 600,000 to pick from.
It’s also worth Pointing out that during the process of composing this Envato Elements inspection more things were added to the library of resources. But, despite there being numerous items available, it is quite simple to locate what you’re looking for. To assist you limit your search for the ideal asset, lots of the top-level categories are split up further into sub-categories.
Envato Elements Keeps things incredibly simple when it comes to licensing. As mentioned, the items which you can download are covered by a commercial permit, which you can discover more about here. As a consequence, you can use the resources you download on your own work, as well as client projects.
The trial use Option is excellent for exploring an asset to learn more about it, until you are sure if, and where, you will use it. Once you’re ready to use an asset, you can choose the job use option and then enter the required details. Registering a download for a project is as simple as entering the name of the undertaking. You really don’t need to submit much info at all to’permit’ a download.
When it comes to User experience, again, Envato Elements keeps things incredibly straightforward. To help you decide whether to sign up using Envato Elements, you can first browse the library at no cost. Should you see any assets which you like, it only takes a minute or two to register and start downloading.
After You’ve created a no cost Envato accounts, you can register to Envato Elements on the monthly subscription plan or the greater value early strategy. After entering your PayPal or card payment details, you can begin downloading the files immediately.
Once You’ve seen something that grabs your attention, you will discover more about the strength on its own page, before making a decision if download it or not. If after closer inspection, the item still looks like a good match for your needs, you can hit the download button to get access to the files.
Before Downloading the item, you will need to either register it to be used on a specific job or download it for trial usage. The latter is the ideal alternative in the event that you only wish to have a better look at an item, before deciding to put it to use on a particular project. It is worth pointing out that once you’ve registered an item to be used on a specific project, it is possible to continue to use the item even after you have ended your subscription.
It is good to see That if you download a desktop picture or other type of graphic, you will also get access to the JPG or PNG versions of the files as well as the editable Photoshop or Illustrator files (based on the type of file you’ve downloaded). Possessing a JPG or PNG version of the advantage means you can quickly use it without having access to a specific software program.
If you don’t Currently have access to the ideal tools, just download a document, upload it in your WordPress site and harvest or scale it there before publishing it on your site. Obviously, if you would like complete editing capabilities then having the ideal software application is suggested. However, it is good to know there are different options.
While you’re logged To your Envato Elements account, you can see the things you’ve downloaded from your dashboard. This makes it easy to rapidly download something to register it using a different job or put in a license to a trial thing to enable it to be used on a live job.
Additionally, if You’re seeking a more managed hosting arrangement for a current WordPress website, it is worth repeating that Envato Hosted offers a totally free site migration support as part of the signup procedure. Even though you ought to contact the support team initially to discover if they’ll have the ability to migrate your particular WordPress website configuration.
The Envato Hosted monthly charges of $19.99 are reasonable in the restricted WordPress hosting space. But you can, of course, host your site for a whole lot less — and in case you’re prepared to do more of this setup and ongoing maintenance work yourself, there are a number of good alternatives which are worth considering.
Although The Envato Hosted service is a comparative newcomer to the web hosting area, the company has many years’ experience working together and encouraging WordPress users — and the fact that they’re using the Amazon Web Service infrastructure must provide you some reassurance, too.
If You’ve been putting off starting a new WordPress website because of all the different elements you’ll have to understand, such as domains, themes, installing WordPress and looking after your site, then Envato Hosted may well be a wise option. | 2019-04-20T12:33:25Z | https://camelandbirdie.com/envato-wordpress-one-pager-envato-marketplace-review-2019/ |
You have experience collaborating for a part of a team on applications. Additionally you will have to consider prior expertise or education, and do your absolute best to be realistic. You’ve got experience in the crucial technologies now employed by Awesound. As time goes, you become started emphasizing hiring greater specialists since you have a clearer strategy to your own legal area for a whole. For instance, you’re able to seek out the expert services of the separate specialist to execute a particular project or employ a specific attribute.
The ability to instantly communicate with all an appointed PM along with this developers results in transparency and clarity on your crew. Soft skills are vital, and you’ll have the ability to make use of beyond knowledge and restart to verify the tough abilities, provides Te. You can ascertain whether the developers you hire have the abilities that are essential and are going to have the ability. Alternately, you may utilize interviews totest job-related abilities, instead place of idly chatting or asking particular questions. Leading talent will be more likely to respond to you personally and also proactively search out your own company by on their own. Obviously, you might track down outsource program development and an group completely.
Recruiting is about filling vacancies. As an example, like sales professionals, income recruiters wish to close prices between a business and a sales applicant. In addition they want to be certain you are going to have the ability to begin right off, without excessive training. Some pro occupation seekers offer livelihood advice free of charge.
Get started the job by utilizing phrases posting, Martin said. Dealing with a real consumer was an brilliant adventure. So you’re going to have the ability to recognize the demands of one’s audience and also know in the event that you should be able to meet them along with your own goods along with how you can do that. There has to be a method of accomplishing your failure or success and an extremely clear job plan with activities and deliverables is a wonderful procedure to do that. Spending more time in the outdoors with your cellular unit offer you a larger grasp for the way humans utilize phones day to day. On the reverse side, you will find days, the moment the drawback site works.
Every thing from meeting legal requirements to crafting the ideal career description could boost your chances of a successful hire, and so be certain you’re fully ready to proceed ahead. Once an applicant makes your decision to negotiate, then you have to understand that your limits. Whether you’re a company or a work seeker, achievements at finding first-class earnings talent for the online business or in nabbing the dream occupation that results in a ideal career path in earnings is determined by the exceptional recruiting technique you opt for. It’s a fact that a number of employees may possibly never know and eventually wont work outside, but many others will demand a little more hours. Together with assistance from a fantastic on boarding app, your fantasy employee may become a nightmare. For example, look at what’s involved in hiring new staff members to combine a organization. Worker RetentionAs staff start to acquire increased skill collections and get going increasing in practical expertise together side hierarchythey get invaluable assets to the company but are also the ones potentially seeking to move to greener pastures.
The employer model name isn’t almost marketing to find the firm’s name outside there, Martin stated. Maintain the focus regarding the best way to positively benefit the business enterprise by understanding fast and functioning together toward their aims and specifications. Both huge businesses and growth stage companies turn fresh graduates. You have to make a marketing effort around that, In the event you discover your business searching out for tech ability. Companies desire to keep on continue to keep workers from joining competitors and make certain new hires add price to let the company grow and flourish. Starting a little business might be challenging, however, the proper approach to gift acquisition could possibly be the difference between success and failure. At the competitive atmosphere for those who a gift acquisition strategy is desired by all talent markets.
Is vitally crucial to offer them a more detailed agenda of this and also how much time it requires, because being included in different recruitment procedures does take time and energy plus they will need to plan according, notably should they own work. It’s time to begin the worker onboarding clinic after hiring is finished. If done correctly, the employee referral procedure might be equally as effective, Martin clarified. The aim of the work flow is always to attain a certain results, and the target of workflow management is to attain superior results predicated on a group of aims.
Selecting job candidate requires a variety of bits of information, like the applicant’s name and CV, and particulars of their work vacancy. An ideal candidate ought to be more proactive, accountable, self-driven and excited to discover a fantastic thing. When contained as part of the tactical planning framework it makes it possible for you to differentiate from different candidates by demonstrating your capability to operationalize a plan. On the reverse side, additionally you will want to flag candidates who’ve less or more held the specific same function and also pay grade from the exact same company for a long time.
It will be potential to complement what’s to the page with inbound links to your work but you have to motivate the hiring manager to choose the further measure required. 1 page resume formats come from exactly the vogue and therefore highlight the significance of maintaining resumes short and easy. A single page is straightforward for employers to shop over quickly because it is not overpowering, plus it can contain more specifics. If it requires just a single web page, then that’s far superior than unnaturally wanting to material this up using non-relevant info.
Two pages can be a excellent period to take for. Inch page manuals work well with recruiters who’re forced to read through many resumes daily. If you think a 1 page resume is very equally essential, you’re confused. Including your title near the page variety is extremely desirable in case restart pages become separated in oneanother. Clean one page restart is a totally no cost PSD template occur with easy and clean type, incredibly easy to customize and package together with 6 different colors to select from. Even the exact 1st page resume will be good for those who have no a lengthy job history.
Information in your own education is crucial. Thus, make sure that your present info is easy to get for your own employer. You may add info about a level application you are enrolled in. Thus be certain to set your impressive advice close to the very top and that you just simply maintain your resume brief. You can possess a foundational restart which compellingly articulates probably the absolute most necessary advice, says Heifetz, however, you want to improve it for each possibility. Information such as arrival date, marital status, your own height and weight really should not be set on your restart if you aren’t attempting to find employment overseas.
In the event that you can’t ever fit with the job description, then then you definitely may possibly be thinking about the erroneous roles or you don’t comprehend just how to leverage your transferable abilities. Every job description needs to convey probably the most essential points of advice to pique attention, such as your accomplishments and role. But all the cases are extremely creative plus also they maybe a fantastic supply of innovation. There are not lots of two-page resume examples online.
There are a few exceptional situations in which you may want a more resume. But your own resume is, make positive first page definitely gets their focus, as the onset of the restart is necessarily the most crucial element. Picking the right resume template won’t simply allow you to emphasize the very most useful aspects of your experience and processes, but nevertheless, it will also focus your focus on demonstrating what value you will be able to provide prospective companies.
Simply adhere from what’s applicable to the career that you’re looking for. Detecting a job at international education could be extremely competitive. There really are a lot of things you have to have until you can secure a job from the current economy. You may possibly be trying to find the next job immediately after retaining a number of roles. Stick into this fundamentalsthe essential tasks you have held throughout each one among your earlier occupation positionsand you are going to take a position to quickly build a resume that accomplishes your objective. You have got held.
You’ll find various kinds of resumes and also a lot is said about each among them. They’re a screening apparatus for most employers in order that they are able to decide whether you are some one they would like to meet up with and learn more about. So it’s pretty evident that though hiring someone, a good offer of resumes must be contemplated with the recruiters, making it quite a frenzied endeavor in their opinion. Resumes play imperative roles plus they’re the very best recommendation. Possessing a well-formatted, professional and clean resume is a considerable approach to make a excellent first impression, that may permit you to have the job which you are considering. Two-page resumes only took a little bit time and energy to scan and because of this, it’s simple to comprehend why the focus on one-page resumes began. Short term resumes don’t give you with all the capability to exhibit the details that may create or break one obtaining the interview.
You can get the template . Resume Templates may be also seen by you. There certainly are a really good deal of templates and online programs available which will can make organizing the details really easy and a quick apply.
Your adventure section could be arranged in a number of ways or broken up into more than one portion, based on your own personal encounters. All these departments are discretionary and should be comprised merely should they market you efficiently. For example, the summation section needs to be written from the first person. The vocation Summary section needs to be confined to a couple sentences that highlight your applicable working experience, skills and abilities that are identifying.
Resumes be the device to generate an impression and to make a solid case on your own application, you need to be sure that pieces of your resume will probably function as top notch excellent. Your path ought to be effective at quickly and effectively communicating your capabilities and abilities in case you’ll like every chance whatsoever of having an interview. Your resume will give you precisely the essential edge for a way to differentiate oneself from different candidates. Resumes are manufactured for example that.
If you wish to receive work in 2017 in operation, then be confident that you come in possession of a great resume template. In the event that you actually require do the job and you also prefer to discover that occupation, be certain you may submit an premium superior job resume templates. Just before you decide to submit an application for jobs, you will ought to become able to craft the perfect resumes. In the event you’ve implemented earlier and searching for a brand new job, it is imperative that you upgrade your own resume. If you are likely to fill out an application to get a new project, then you should update the advice.
One of the critical things written down resume templates manager will be that you need to get a superb format. You ought not throw away your time in understanding the perfect advertising resume template as a way to acquire the job which you want. Usually do not throw your time away, but you must begin started creating your resume because you have a great deal of time in editing and writing it until it is going to become perfect for the career trends 2017. Get started to know the best nursing resume templates in order to’ve got a help on starting. Get started to compose the most effective restart with this latest resume’s usage 2017 now. When there is no plausible demand for that rule or regulation, then subsequently ask in order for this to be eliminated.
The work objective is one of the exact initial places a employer could discover a notion for what type of knowledge you have received and what kind of task that you want. The principal aim of one’s resume is to develop an great first impression therefore avoid all types of faults. In the event that you’d like to make certain you publish the best restart, then you want to include parts that are essential. The adventures portion is simply the very first layer of how you are going to present yourself to an admissions committee.
Apart from being aware of latest resume format, you also will need to learn some hints. You ought to make sure that you may submit the latest resume format in order that they will be amazed. You should use expertise oriented or format in order that it is likely to present your own relevant skills and expertise. You ought to use a specialist arrangement in writing and be confident your nurse restart template is tidy and uncomplicated. In fact, there was absolutely no specific format on the method that you will compose your resume, however the primary issue is that should tailor made it relying on the job you are applying.
In the event that you want the best resume, then there are good resume templates totally free online that you can check outthere. The templates will serve as your help in writing. Deciding on an outstanding template is essential of course, if you are intending to apply it, then you should utilize the correct onetime. Todayyou will not will need to be concerned though since you will find simple resume templates to make usage edit and of. You can’t need very great resume templates if you don’t comprehend how exactly to write 1. If you really don’t know an excellent resume template, then you are lucky because there is career developments 20 17 design most useful free resume templates it is possible to look out for there. If you’d like this to take place, you should at least know a few resume 20 17 style and layout templates and you may take to on the web resume templates.
You may attempt to research online inorder to own further samples. Our professional health care resume founder will permit you to discover that ideal document completed fast and economically to offer you the absolute best chance possible of showing that the recruiter that you’re great to meeting. Picking the great medi cal resume template is crucial as it gives you a benefit to other candidates.
You have to combine the exploration information regarding the organization and also the work outline in developing a convincing resume. The info on your resume will include nursing qualifications along with your contact data. You should update the info you produce on the own document. That you might possess the information that you will need to understand in writing your own resume. It’s crucial that the resume isn’t simple to browse as well as your crowd will acquire immediate accessibility to each of or any info.
Desks are not interpreted seeing duties and obligations from military vocabulary into federal job duties. Scannable resumes want special page designs because computer manufacturers find it impossible to examine certain services and products. Military resumes additionally typically possess a good deal of white space. To become sure, USAJobs resumes are inspected ways which other resumes before probably were not. Understanding just how to tailor your resume will demonstrably supply you with an advantage. Ensure the company accepts PDF resumes.
However a lot or what type of work knowledge you’ve obtained, there exists a resume structure that’s likely to produce your qualifications sparkle. Take a peek in these samples to select which structure is correct for you. You will find numerous formats to use while creating a restart.
Think of what you discussed in work or organization and the way that your role has been considerable. To start with, drop politely and once possible, so the employer could offer the occupation to the best applicant. Acceptance Letter Though most employers will give a formal acceptance letter, you can discover yourself a status at which you have to create an individual. For the reason, candidates desire to analyze the requirements carefully and produce their resume being an advertising tool with this particular position as an alternative to a protracted overview to adapt all potential companies. If you don’t meet your requirements, you simply won’t be contemplated. Make certain you’re additionally not making up your abilities in order to meet your project specifications. In case record your qualifications chronologically doesn’t instantaneously illustrate the reader that you’re a match for the job, then consider the functional format.
In the event you don’t actually fill out a software for work, no one can probably hunt for the resume from the whole USAJOBS database. Also, each and each job publishing is only going to simply accept applications for a specific length of time. It is essential to be aware that in case you are well-qualified to your job, then you should speed your self in the highest degree. Particular forms of job from the food industry sector demand resumes together with several of the exact same capabilities.
Folks do not show that which they accomplished at their ultimate career. Federal work opportunities usually need one to get experience in a particular sort of job for a certain period of time. To find out what they’re readily offered, see the USAJOBS website. To start with, you have to demonstrate that which you’re minimally qualified to your designated job. Your present job should function as in the current tense, however, previous jobs from the previous tense. Secretarial jobs typically involve a wide array of tasks and techniques. If you’re trying to receive job in accounting or finance you then require averystrong restart.
You may furnish a succinct outline of accomplishments and duties for every in the event that you would like, particularly if work is regarding the job available. Formatting your resume references is just a relatively straightforward job. Similarly, in the event the work description has been prepared in quite lousy English, then it is probably an overseas occupation scam and needs to be prevented. The secretary project outline that is can assist you.
The process for employing online and constructing your resume could take a few hours. Even the Federal hiring treatment is more tedious, not possible. The Federal app procedure can be challenging. The USAJOBS software process is meant to weed out applicants that cannot follow directions that were precise. Your software is going to be regarded as in complete” if you don’t supply all crucial documentation don’t complete any essential questionnaires. The software and also national resume approach isn’t powerful, however it truly is step by step and also you’ve must thus that rating officials will be able to readily find the critical responsibilities and specialized experience that is vital for that job. Writing a strong application is just a treatment that is challenging and we would really like to help it become more easy.
There’s, however, a great deal of information to add in the builder, therefore it takes a great deal of consideration . Do not forget that federal resumes should contain extra data in the job Experience section to demonstrate you have the specialized experience necessary for that task. Resources along with this advice might be handy for you personally as you enhance and create your own resume. When it is overly bloated, it isn’t easy to scan. You know that contact information occurs first. You have to include lot data in your resume so as to purchase a job that you want.
The Application Tracking web page is good. Even the USAJOBS website is secure, meaning your information is guarded. Job web sites are more specific.
You can find numerous types of letters. These letters are often more troublesome to publish since there isn’t any definite function or action to attract , but they are also the kinds of letters that are treasured for quite a long time ahead. Then hand written letters really are still an exceptional method to make the shape of wow practical experience which results in loyalty and increased sales. It really is challenging to throw a handwritten letter.
This type of letter must always appear as if you’re in fact conversing with a person. Letters aren’t ordinary today. But it is always better to come across a letter from your loved individual and in the event you aren’t sure in what things to create in a letter, then you consistently have the choice to experience lots of the Friendly Letter Templates. For those of us who believe it is hard to write letters, these templates are convenient and beneficial. Friendship letters certainly really are a fantastic way of residing touching friends and family as they maintain the station of communication open. These particular friendship letters are still an exemplary method, in today’s era of cellular phones and Internet, which suggests that exactly the unique place you have got on your heart with your own particular friend. Use our free of charge Friendship Letter that will help you begin.
Composing a correspondence can add an individual touch and will permit you to retain the romance together with old in addition to brand new buddies. Producing a favorable letter is uncomplicated, but there are certain significant tips that should be followed. For those that are not conscious of how exactly to write a everyday correspondence, the letter fundamentally comprises the specifics of this friend whom you’re fixing the correspondence. It truly is an everyday letter also that indicates it can be written by that you personally or get it typed.
The correspondence writing gives you a chance to flaunt your emotions and thoughts. For hesitant people, writing this kind of correspondence is really just a superb way to share their emotions. Examine our informative article that will aid compose the ideal letter.
Friendship is on the list of connections. His friendship has been on the list of truly astonishing gift suggestions in my life, Clinton explained. It’s this third kind of friendship I presume is accountable for so much invention, creativity and societal transformation. This sort of buddy is particular and only comes along in some time. Create your letters at the same tone and manner as you’d speak together with your friend. Hugs,” Genevieve There may even be situations when you need to confer with a exceptional pal.
You did not behave within the interest of an actual pal. There must be some style of communicating which may allow you to hold a relation with one’s close buddy in a long term. You may possibly mention specified instances that you hold in close proximity to your heart. It can turn into a simple endeavor so as to incorporate gestures into your friendship letter, that comes right from the center. If demanded In this type of a letter, it is likely to discuss your issues depending up on your own friendship level.
You may or might not decide to bring a gift. Just a donation with a friendship letter is a incentive. A couple of these choices could have already been conscious choices to commemorate our friendship and many others might have brought on our accidental drifting. The decision is yours, but I should tell you the ability to experience the ability of the truth depends upon upon it, so does your capacity to receive all of the blessings that come available for you.
If you believe it, two templates could possibly be plenty of when your business is not too big. Templates usually don’t could need to be more monotonous. Occasionally you may encounter the ideal invoice templates to the exact unexpected websites.
The templates are extended like also others along with MSWord. Fantastic templates can additionally guide you become throughout the resume-building treatment , which will be extremely beneficial when you’re fresh with this practice of building an effective resume. Therefore that it’s definitely going to be rather easy to choose from their templates. Most free templates are intended to become special to organizations, therefore it’s well worth browsing through the options available on the market that satisfy the task sector you wish to work-in. You will find quite a great deal of types of correspondence templates offered for the user to choose from. Additionally, there are some of the greatest seofriendly web templates on the internet plus they may help you in creating a friendly letter anyhow to begin with, you might write something about the best way to be and what you do now. | 2019-04-18T18:25:55Z | https://www.titleletter.com/15-blank-invoice-pdf/ |
Every three to five years, a survey on travel patterns in the region is done for Metro Vancouver. This survey is based on trip diaries recorded by a selected cross-section of Metro Vancouver residences and provides details on travel patterns in the region. TransLink posted basic information about the travel patterns in our region from the survey last year, but the detailed analytical report was not available at that time. I was searching TransLink’s Online Document Library and found that the analytical report based on the latest 2011 data was posted in February. A problem with TransLink’s Online Document Library is that if you don’t know what to search for, you’ll never find new information.
I had a look at the analytical report to see what changes there were to travel patterns in the South of Fraser.
2011 Weekday Mode Share by Sub-Region. Select image to enlarge.
Surrey, White Rock, and North Delta Trip by Mode. Select image to enlarge.
76% of weekday trips stayed within the Surrey, White Rock, and North Delta sub-region with an additional 6% of trips going to Langley. A full 82% of trips stayed within the South of Fraser. Mode share for transit and cycling increased. While the weekday average per capita vehicle kilometers travels (VKT) was stagnant in most of the region, VKT actually decreased in Surrey, White Rock, and North Delta. People are driving less, from 18.4km in 2008 to 17.8km in 2011. This is good news and is likely a reflection of Surrey's commitment to becoming more walkable, its recent investments in cycling, and an increase in transit service.
Trips by Mode (Langley). Select image to enlarge.
In Langley, 65% of weekday trips stayed within Langley with 18% of trips going to Surrey and 7% of trips going to the Fraser Valley Regional District. A full 90% of all trips starting in Langley never cross a major bridge. In Langley, mode share remained stable expect for cycling which saw a slight increase in share. Unlike Surrey, per capita weekday VKT increased from 23.6km in 2008 to 25.2km in 2011. This is no surprise as the community isn't very walkable and there has been a lack of transit investment in Langley. The Township of Langley has ramped up its efforts to promote cycling and I wonder if that is why cycling mode share has increased.
Overall transit does a good job of getting people to Vancouver. For example, a full 45% of all weekday trips from Surrey, White Rock, and North Delta to Vancouver use transit and 30% of all weekday trips to Burnaby and New Westminster. Transit also captures a higher mode share for trips that are headed north of the river for trips that originate in Langley.
When looking over these numbers, it seems that when investments are made in public transit and cycling, people will choose these modes of transportation. With all the money being spent on bridges and tunnel that don’t serve the major of trips in our region, I have to wonder if that money could have been better spent on other modes of transportation, getting people out of congestion and giving them real travel choice.
One of the things that some people don’t realize about Willoughby in the Township of Langley is that it is a first generation suburban community that is being transformed into an urban community. The old Willoughby actually reminds me of another area in the Township called Salmon River Uplands. As you can see on the following map, it is a fairly large section of the Township.
Map of the Township of Langley, Salmon River Uplands in grey.
Salmon River Uplands started its path towards suburbanized before the introduction of the Agricultural Land Reserve (ALR) and as a result has a mix of lot sizes from small to farmable. Oddly, the only planning guidance for Salmon River Uplands is to “maintained [it] for rural residential and agricultural uses and indicates that a detailed plan for the area is required to set out policies for future growth, subdivision and agriculture.” No such detailed plan has ever been adopted since this sentence was adopted over 20 years ago. The Agricultural Land Commission (ALC) has also written off the area for the most part, and has allowed further subdivision within the ALR. Currently, the Township will allow lot sizes down to about 1 acre which is perfect for large format housing. The scaring thing about the whole process is that if this is allowed to continue, in another 20 years will Salmon River Uplands become the next Willoughby? 1 acre and smaller lots will make it impossible for agriculture.
On Monday, Township Council was presented with the option to recommend to the ALC to allow a 4.7 acre lot at 23886 52 Avenue to be subdivided into four 1.17 acre lots.
I think Township Council has stayed away for coming up with a detailed plan for the area as the process would open up a can of worm about addressing the future of the area and what the meaning of rural is in Langley. So as it stands now, Salmon River Uplands is being slowly transformed into a laissez-faire suburban community.
As I posted about last week, each municipality in Metro Vancouver has until the end of July to update its official community plan (OCP) to conform to Metro Vancouver’s Regional Growth Strategy (RGS). You can read more about the RGS in last week’s post, and can read a primer on regional districts if you want more information about the process. The Township of Langley is no exception to this requirement.
Right now, the Township is pushing through the Trinity Western University District which includes the controversially Wall Financial Corporation 67 single-family “equestrian community” in the Agricultural Land Reserve. It appears that they are pushing this through before the adoption of the proposed new OCP as the Township believes it is still legally under the old Livable Regional Strategic Plan (LRSP). The LRSP is much weaker when it comes to enforcing land-use, and the new RGS would not allow the University District/Wall proposal.
Anyway, the Township is now working on an update to its OCP to bring it in-line with Metro's RGS and the Township's own Sustainability Charter. The Township will be requesting that some regional land-use designations be changed. Some of these changes will require 2/3rds of Metro Vancouver's board to approve as well as a regional public hearing. The biggest change and most controversial change will be around the University District.
It appears that Metro Vancouver believes that the University District proposal violates both the old LRSP and the new RGS. Metro Vancouver even threatened legal action against the Township at one point last year. I guess the Township is hoping that if they push through the University District before officially adopting their new OCP, it will be too late for Metro Vancouver to do anything, and Metro will have no choice but to update the RGS to reflect the reality of the University District.
The Township has made the following map which indicates where it would like to change regional land-use designations.
Differences between Metro Vancouver's RGS and the Township's proposed land-uses in red. Click image to enlarge.
Just like the City of Langley, the Township of Langley also has the new regional mixed-employment land designation for industrial, commercial and other employment related uses. Unlike the City of Langley which is proposing to put big-box retail in their “mixed-employment” zone, the Township is still trying to limit big-box retail to the Willowbrook area. The mixed-employment zone is the regional codification of office parks and sprawl as I haven’t seen any walkable office parks in the region. Let’s hope the Township breaks that trend.
Besides the requirement of conforming its OCP to Metro's RGS, the Township’s proposed OCP has been completely rewritten under the lens of its Sustainability Charter. The OCP is now broken down into the following sub-sections: Social and Cultural Policies, Economic Policies, and Environmental Policies.
University District aside, the proposed new OCP is more inline with 21st Century thought on sustainable, walkable urban design. The OCP spends a lot of time talking about building complete communities and complete streets “that are designed and operated to enable safe, attractive, and comfortable access and travel for users of all ages and abilities, including pedestrians, cyclists, public transit users, and motorists.” The new OCP also includes a provision for adaptable housing to align with the Township’s new goal of being an “age-friendly” community.
The proposed new OCP is something that Township residences can be proud of. If followed, it will lay the groundwork for a sustainable community and walkable urban cores. Of course, it will take time before the overall goals in the OCP flow down into neighbourhood and area plans (like the rural plan) that actually drive the shape of the community.
One of the things that I’ve talked a bit about on this blog is how the location of parking plays a large role in the walkable of a street, even in lower-density commercial areas. A few tweaks of a plan can change a development from auto-oriented to pedestrian-oriented. One of the simplest things to do is front the "business end" of commercial buildings onto a street and put parking in the back. The street must also be pedestrian-friendly and the commercial areas need to be close to higher-density residential as well for walkable. The perfect example is Downtown Langley compared to the Langley Bypass. If you look at the actual site coverage in the walkable core of Langley to the auto-oriented Bypass, there isn’t much difference. It’s all about siting and putting a priority on the pedestrian realm.
With this in mind, it was interesting to see a commercial development proposal for the southeast corner of Fraser Highway and Highway 13 in Aldergrove.
Render of proposed development at Highway 13 and Fraser Highway in Aldergrove. Click image to enlarge.
Proposed development at Highway 13 and Fraser Highway in Aldergrove's Site Plan. Click image to enlarge.
The good thing about this proposal is that it fronts some of its buildings to the street, and some parking is "hidden" within the development. Though the proposed development is in a lower-density residential area, the project could be more pedestrian-friendly if access to some of the shop were off the sidewalk along Fraser Highway. To be clear, this isn’t an ideal commercial development for walkability as it is at Highway 13 and Fraser Highway near lower-density residential, but this is a better design than many of the other strip mall proposals I’ve seen lately in some of the Township's more walkable areas.
With simple tweaks to a plan, you can make an auto-oriented development into a pedestrian-oriented development without having to change site coverage or even reduce parking. If an area was truly going to be pedestrian-oriented, reintroducing commercial lanes would go a long way as all auto-oriented access (expect for on-street parking) would be from the shared lanes and all pedestrian access and storefronts would face the streets. This would also ensure the creation of a retail wall which is so critical to walkability.
In 2007, Township of Langley council endorsed the idea of becoming an age-friendly community. The idea of an age-friendly community according to the Township is “a community for all ages and where policies, services and structures of the physical and social environment are designed to support older community residents in making choices that will enhance their health and well-being and reduce reliance on more costly alternatives.” At the last Council Priorities meeting, the Seniors Advisory Committee was endorsed to also become the “Age-Friendly Advisory Steering Committee”. Also, Council recommended that age-friendly planning and design be incorporated into the Carvolth and Brookswood Neighbourhood Plans.
What I find interesting in the discussion about building an age-friendly community is that it there isn’t much talk about the very young or those with disabilities. An age-friendly community should be a community that is accessible to all. And a community that is accessible to all really has to be a walkable community.
Transportation and accessibility came up in each dialogue although the community’s specific needs differed.
The loss of the Langley Seniors Centre funding for Volunteer Outreach drivers has been noticed and felt by each of the four communities engaged in these dialogues.
Health services and overall well-being was discussed in all dialogues but has been uniquely named by each community.
As I read the report, the thing that stood out to me as the overall theme was that seniors wanted an accessible community. The Township of Langley is designed around vehicular mobility and unless you are a perfectly healthy young to middle-aged adult, the Township is not an accessible place. Because most of the built-form in the Township is single-use and auto-oriented due to zoning, most seniors live far away from shops, services (including medical), and social activities. They need to rely on other people to drive them around which means a loss of independence and a loss of dignity. In fact, the whole built form of the Township is designed to create a community of shut-in seniors and forced “soccer moms”.
One of the recommendations in the report is to create an action plan on making the Township more age-friend which also includes developing a framework and recommendations for age-friendly land-use policies. From what I can gather, no board framework was ever developed by the Township.
I’ve talked a lot about building walkable community, but the reality is that an accessible community has to be walkable. It’s no surprise that there is a large number of seniors who choose to live in Downtown Langley were they can walk or scooter independently to shops, services, and social activities. Right now, I can only think of three places in the Township that are age-friendly: Fort Langley, Downtown Aldergrove, and Murrayville around 222nd Street. Walnut Grove, Willoughby, and Willowbrook (which have the largest populations and are the highest-growth areas) are currently not accessible and are certainly not walkable.
While there are other important things to look at when building an age-friend community like building adaptable housing, creating an accessible public realm, and providing community services that are accessible to the very young, people with disabilities, and seniors, if Township Council is serious about building age-friendly communities, they need to get serious about building walkable communities. Walkable communities lay the groundwork for a transit-friendly city.
Both the City and Township of Langley have been talking about building a Performing Arts & Cultural Centre for as long as I can remember. From what I’ve been told, many projects have come forward, but all have died even before hitting the planning stage. It seems that building a space for artists has not been a priority for either municipality.
The latest attempts to start the process of getting a performance arts and cultural space started in 2007 when the City of Langley adopted its Cultural Master Plan. In 2011, the Township of Langley Council received an Arts & Cultural Services Plan. Both plans pointed towards building a space for artists in the greater community. Of course nothing happened at the time, and it seemed that once again an arts space was put on the back burner.
According to both the agenda from the latest City and Township of Langley council meeting, earlier this year “Mayor Froese, Mayor Fassbender, School Board Chair Johnson, and senior staff from the Township of Langley, City of Langley, School District #35, Trinity Western University, and Kwantlen Polytechnic University have held three informal meetings” to get the process started again on building a performance arts and cultural space.
a) Identify the need for the development of a Performing Arts & Cultural Centre in the Langleys.
b) Research and develop recommendations concerning the space needs for the Performing Arts & Cultural Centre.
c) Research and develop the pro-forma for the Performing Arts & Cultural Centre.
d) Research and recommend the preferred form of governance for the new Performing Arts & Cultural Centre.
e) Research and recommend to participating partners and their respective Council/Board the best location for a Performing Arts & Cultural Centre.
f) Research and recommend a proposed timeline for completion of the Performing Arts & Cultural Centre building.
Of course the next step after this would be to sort out how much a Performing Arts & Cultural Centre would cost, and how and when it would be paid for. In a best case scenario, it might be at least 4 years before ground was broken on this proposed Centre if all parties can agree on funding and location, and that might be big “ifs”.
BC is unique in Canada when it comes to regional governance because we have regional districts. Because regional districts are a BC invention, sometimes there is confusion about what services regional districts provide and how they fit into the local governance framework. I think this confusion gets some people upset about Metro Vancouver and its role our region.
Regional districts have three basic roles. First, regional districts provide regional governance and services for the region as a whole.
Second, regional districts provide a political and administrative framework for inter-municipal or sub-regional service partnerships through the creation of "benefiting areas".
Third, regional districts are, in the absence of municipalities, the "local" government for rural areas.
Anyway, I highly recommend reading this document if you care about regional issues in Metro Vancouver.
In the summer of 2011, Metro Vancouver adopted a new Regional Growth Strategy for the region. As part of the process, all communities in Metro Vancouver have two years to make sure that their Official Community Plan lines up with the Regional Growth Strategy, and the Official Community Plans must be accepted by Metro Vancouver. This means that all municipalities in Metro Vancouver have until July to get their Official Community Plan aligned with the Regional Growth Strategy.
Each Municipalities’ Official Community Plan must contain a regional context statement which explains the relationship between the Regional Growth Strategy and the Official Community Plan, how the Official Community Plan aligns with the objectives of the Regional Growth Strategy, and how any inconsistency in the Official Community Plan will conform to the Regional Growth Strategy over time.
The Regional Growth Strategy also contains high-level regional zoning and includes a parcel based map of the regional zoning which all municipalities must conform to.
The City of Langley is currently in the process of updating its Official Community Plan to bring it in line with Metro Vancouver Regional Growth Strategy. One of the minor difference between Metro Vancouver’s zoning map and the City’s is an adjustment of the regional agricultural zone which is a result of the Clemas property (21024 Old Yale Road) being removed from the Agricultural Land Reserve in 2011. The City is requesting that Metro Vancouver update its Regional Growth Strategy to reflect this change which will require a regional public hearing and a 2/3rds weighted vote approval by Metro Vancouver’s board which is made up of politicians from each municipality in the region elected by their peers in their respective councils.
Regional zoning map as approved by Metro Vancouver. Grey: General Urban, Purple: Industrial, Salmon: Mixed Employment, Light Green: Agricultural, Dark Green: Conservation.
Regional zoning map as proposed by the City of Langley. Grey: General Urban, Purple: Industrial, Salmon: Mixed Employment, Light Green: Agricultural, Dark Green: Conservation.
Another major change for the City of Langley is the replacement of some Industrial zoned land in the City with “Mixed Employment” zoned land. The “Mixed Employment” zone is “industrial, commercial and other employment related uses to help meet the needs of the regional economy” according to the Regional Growth Strategy. Basically this zone bans residential housing, but it also appears to codify office parks and other unsustainable forms of development as it puts places where people work away from where they live. The City of Langley proposes to allow anything in this new zone except for residential, and explicitly allows big-box retail. What really disturbs me is that the built-form along the Langley Bypass which does not support sustainable, compact communities, and is a hostile pedestrian environment, will be allowed in other parts of the City.
The irony of Metro Vancouver’s Regional Growth Strategy is that it is actually promoting more sprawl in the City of Langley and other municipalities because of the “Mixed Employment” zone. I talked with some people at Metro Vancouver and was told that the Mixed Employment zone was something that was requested by member municipalities to get the Regional Growth Strategy approved. As Metro Vancouver is a federation of municipalities, it needs buy-ins from all municipalities to get the Regional Growth Strategy adopted. I guess the feeling was, all the good from the Strategy more than makes up for the bad “Mixed Employment” zone, or as I’ll call it, the sprawl zone.
Yesterday, I posted my thoughts on local government and how it seems that having more municipalities may be better for building a walkable region than a smaller number of municipalities. Having multiply municipalities is only one part of the equation to building a walkable region, the other part is to have a governance body that has a mandate to protect green space and promote a walkable, sustainable region.
All municipalities are interested in new development, redevelopment and growth. If you look locally at the South of Fraser, it is a very rare thing to see a council turn down a development proposal. While most municipal governments talk about sustainability and preserving green space, when push comes to shove those ideals usually fall by the wayside. Left to their own devices, municipal governments will allow sprawl until they reach a physical limit like a mountain or a political limit like a border. I’ve seen this in regions like Calgary, Edmonton, Seattle, Chicago, Ottawa, Los Angles, Toronto, and Montreal (to name a few.) Having a pro-development municipalities isn’t a bad thing, but there needs to be checks and balances in place to make sure that a region develops sustainability to preserve green space and promote walkability. Beside the accessibility, health and environmental benefits that come from creating a sustainable region, there are also economic benefits. One of the key benefits is that it attracts knowledge workers and innovators who play key roles in creating a successful regional economy.
In our region, we have Metro Vancouver with its regional growth strategy that aims to focus development in town centres and transit nodes. The growth strategy has enforcement mechanisms to ensure that municipal governments stick to the plan. We also have the Agricultural Land Commission which protects farmland, but also acts as the de facto preserver of green space.
The Portland region has a regional government with similar objectives, and that region has been successful in building sustainably. In order to limit sprawl in Toronto, the Provincial government their installed a massive green built around that region. I was just looking at a regional planning document for the Chicago area as they started towards the path of regional government to promote the development of a sustainable region only a few years ago.
A healthy region should have tension between municipalities that want to develop and a regional governance body with the mandate to limit development.
Another plus with a regional governance body is that it can take care of the things that make sense to be controlled by a larger organization like regional water, sewer, garage, and transportation services and planning.
Compared to most other regions I’ve been to in North America, Metro Vancouver really is the example of how to build a livable region. Other regions still look to our region as a model to emulate. While in Metro Vancouver, it’s easy to see everything that’s wrong in the region, but whenever I come back after a trip, I’m always reminded of all the things that we’ve gotten right.
For the last ten days, I’ve been on a bit of a whirlwind train trip across North America. My trip took me to Seattle, Chicago, New York, Montreal, and Ottawa. Besides taking a holiday, I was also interested in seeing the development patterns of regions that I stop at to compare them with Metro Vancouver.
One of the things that I noticed about many of the regions was that they all looked similar at the edge. Power centres, business parks, single-family homes, and even apartments, all surrounded by surface parking. The sad thing was that none of these areas were walkable. You could pick the edge of the Chicago, Seattle, Montreal, and even Ottawa region, and be hard pressed to tell the difference. My first impression when coming into the Montreal region via the South Shore was that I was coming into a French version of Calgary. The only exception seemed to be the New York region, likely due to the fact that the region was defined and is still defined rail transportation. Metro Vancouver also seems to be an exception.
One of the things that makes Metro Vancouver different is that it has walkable centres all over the region. Within our 22 municipalities, you could live in many walkable areas that are connected by transit.
I’ve been thinking about what makes Metro Vancouver one of the most livable places in the world. The skeleton of our region was built by interurbans and streetcars. This played an important role in building walkable nodes that are still with us today. Of course the ALR, US border, and mountains play a large role in keeping our region compact, but I have to wonder if having 22 municipalities plays a role too.
One of the things that I’ve noticed is that most cities have walkable cores that become less so, the further out you get from the centre. I’ve spend time in Calgary, Edmonton, and Ottawa which are all regional cities. Even some municipalities in the Montreal region were merged together to form a larger city.
While all cities invest in building livable, walkable cores today, it seems that they are also quite happy to allow auto-oriented sprawl along their edges. I even see this in Metro Vancouver within all its municipalities. The big difference is that most all of the Metro Vancouver municipalities are also trying to build walkable cores at the same time. These walkable cores give a unique identity and soul to each community which is why I think that most municipalities still try to protect their walkable cores. The Portland region is very similar to Metro Vancouver; with multiple cities and multiple walkable cores.
I have to wonder if Metro Vancouver had less municipalities, would we see more sprawl. Would someone in the Commercial Drive area really care about walkability in Langley City? Would they fight to building walkable nodes in the South of Fraser or focuse on petty "us vs. them" politics like in Toronto?
Besides having 22 municipalities building walkable cores, one of the results of a large amount of municipalities in a region is usually the formation of a regional governance body which is also key to building a livable region. I’ll talk more about that tomorrow.
This weekend, I’ll be heading on a Amtrak rail adventure through North America. This adventure will take me from Metro Vancouver to Seattle, than onward to Chicago, New York, and finally Montreal. Taking the train is one of the last ways to truly enjoy land travel (you'll want sleeper class), and is one of few ways to appreciate the beauty, scale, and diversity of North America.
During this period, I’ll be taking a break from blogging. I’ll be posting again on this site starting May 15th.
I was walking along Douglas Crescent and noticed that work has now begun on the renovation of McBurney Lane. The old configuration of the lane had a north pedestrian plaza, and a south parking lot. The future vision for the lane was to see it fully pedestrianized, serving as an extension of Douglas Park.
Unfortunately, some business owners and councillors did not share the vision for a walkable Downtown Langley, and instead fought to keep the south side of the lane as a parking lot. As a member of the City of Langley's Park and Environment Advisory Committee, I helped pass a resolution calling for the full pedestrianization of the lane as originally envisioned. In the end, the City desided to keep some limited amount of parking in McBurney Lane.
Anyway now that construction is in full swing with the parking lot is closed, I have to wonder if the loss of those parking spaces will be felt by the merchants along Fraser Highway and Douglas Crescent. While it seems to some people that there is never enough parking in Downtown Langley, I think that there is enough parking, but the current parking supply is poorly managed.
The one-way section of Fraser Highway is prime parking, but yet it is 2 hour "free" parking. In reality, the City and the Downtown Langley merchants should be working to make sure that there is always some parking spaces along that corridor available. This could be accomplished through a mix of short-term parking and/or paid parking. The one thing that really turns off customers is a lack of available parking, not a lack of “free” parking. Long-term parking for people that work in the area should be encouraged in the City’s off-street parking lot because I know that many employees and business owners actually park in the prime parking spots in Downtown Langley today.
While I know that smart parking management plans have been successful in cities across North America (including my hometown of Vernon), I have a feeling that there are still too many people in power that believe Downtown Langley should be a “free” parking lot and not a pedestrian-friendly Downtown core. | 2019-04-22T10:54:44Z | https://sfb.nathanpachal.com/2013/05/ |
Want those advanced features like active cruise control and blind-spot warning? At least for now, you'll need to get the Luxury Package and all of its extras before you can get the Technology Package, which has those top-tech items.
The 2014 Kia Cadenza is no sport sedan, but it's a screaming deal of a luxury car in nearly everything but the badge.
South Korean automakers have made value a principal part of their appeal. But what happens when prices go up and those brands venture into luxury territory? The 2014 Kia Cadenza will be the first test of the automaker's growing reputation, and its ability to draw buyers at the $40,000 price level.
Yes, even before the Cadenza's introduction, the 2014 Kia Sorento could already stretch over the $40k mark, fully loaded; but it's the Cadenza that reaches beyond that, and really tests the brand's boundaries by expanding into a new part of the market: big sedans that some call 'near luxury'—cars that might not have a luxury badge, but be for all intents and purposes luxury cars.
Kia couldn't have picked a better name, either, we think. In music, it's the colorful, skilled solo that usually helps bookend a concerto. Likewise, Kia sure has had a run the past several years, pushing beyond the bland-basic, car-of-last-resort flavor of cars like the Sephia and Spectra and onto models fashion-forward, truly desirable models like the latest Optima and Forte. And—ahem--there was a predecessor to the Cadenza, just a few years ago: the arthritis-inducing Amanti.
Simply a great-looking large sedan, the Cadenza looks like a performance-focused model from some angles even though it isn't. As with all those newer Kia products designed under Peter Schreyer, the Cadenza hints throughout that it's European-influenced, but whether you take the design a piece as a time or as a whole, it's definitely not derivative.
The Cadenza is closely related to the Hyundai Azera, but you'll never know it from the outside—or from the inside. To the point, they're completely different designs, and the Azera's smooth, flowing design and deeply sculpted sheetmetal stand in contrast to the Cadenza's taut, more athletic look.
Overall, the Cadenza feels quick and responsive; but it's all relative and you really can't compare the Cadenza to any true sport sedan. Power is provided by a 3.3-liter V-6, making 293 horsepower and 255 pound-feet. The V-6 doesn't make all that much torque at the low end of the rev band, which means that stepping away from a standing start, or up a steep hill, feel a bit more sluggish than you'd guess from its power output—until the revs build, and then you rocket ahead. Steering lacks road feel and requires a lot of small movements to stay on course on the highway. When driven at anything but a sport-sedan pace, this is a car that feels confident on the back roads yet maneuverable in town.
Choose a big sedan like the 2014 Kia Cadenza, that's not overtly a sport sedan, and you might expect the ride quality to be pillowy, almost queasy. As with many of the latest entries in this class, that's no longer the case; the Cadenza has top-notch interior comfort, without those boat-like old-fashioned big-car motions. It's also luxury-car quiet inside. Get the Luxury Package and you'll have ventilated front seats, heated rear seats, and even a driver's thigh extension—something rare in this class of cars and something that will be appreciated by tall drivers. In back, the available panoramic roof really limits headroom, though.
Once you're in, this is a sedan, that won't let you down on the subtle details. The Cadenza is a very quiet-riding sedan, with almost no wind noise, and very little road noise, at highway speeds. Materials, and the leather upholstery, are very impressive throughout the cabin.
The Cadenza is one of the first models from Kia to get the new UVO eServices system, which provides integrated roadside assistance, diagnostics, and other services, through a paired smartphone (no separate subscription is required). It also has Kia's top eight-inch touch-screen system that responds well to natural voice commands and includes plenty of traditional physical buttons to back things up. Navigation is included as a standard feature, and it's one of the best systems on the market, with clear, colorful displays, live traffic, and easy-to-intuit split-screen views.
Kia isn't actually calling the Cadenza a luxury sedan--just a 'premium' one. And it's in an in-between market niche that some shoppers might find just right. At $35,100, the 2014 Cadenza includes lots of standard equipment and is quite the value considering it's about the same price as a well-optioned Optima (SX Limited), Accord, or Camry. With the Luxury Package and the Technology Package added to that, you get things like a panoramic sunroof, power retractable sunshade, Nappa ventilated seats, a heated steering wheel, 19-inch alloys, smart cruise control, blind-spot detection, and lane departure warning—all for about $42k.
Luxury badge or not, that's going to seem like a deal to a great many families and comfort-minded folks.
The 2014 Kia Cadenza is a very handsome big sedan—and it looks like a sport sedan, even if it isn't.
With great proportions, an athletic stance, and clean, uninterrupted sheetmetal, the 2014 Kia Cadenza looks like a sport sedan even though it isn't. As with all the latest Kia products designed under the direction of Peter Schreyer, the Cadenza hints throughout that it's European-influenced, but whether you take the design a piece as a time or as a whole, it's definitely not derivative.
Inside, the look is rich and finely detailed, with soft-touch and nicely grained materials for the upper dash, plus woodgrains for the steering wheel and dash and door trim. Controls and displays are laid out in a cockpit style, with plenty of supplementary steering-wheel controls. Front and center on the dash, there's a mix of the traditional and the leading edge. An analog clock lets us know that this model is reaching up to the premium and luxury crowd, while Kia's latest eight-inch high-resolution touch-screen system sits just above it. Two rows of buttons are laid out below the screen—the upper one for climate, the lower for audio and navigation.
Above, in some models, is a twin-panel panoramic roof setup; with its blacked-out panels, it helps punctuate the look from the outside, and it brings a lot more light into the cabin.
The 2014 Kia Cadenza accelerates strongly and brakes confidently, but its steering and handling don't do anything to transcend the idea that this is a big sedan and that comfort comes first.
Kia makes no grand claims for the Cadenza's performance; and for those wanting a big sedan that appeals mostly on value, comfort, and style, it's not going to disappoint.
The 2014 Kia Cadenza is relatively quick and responsive for a car its size. That said, those who want something verging on a sport sedan are going to find that the Cadenza is missing some of the fine aesthetic nuance that can make a large, front-wheel-drive sedan rewarding to drive, and much of that is a matter of steering and handling.
Power is provided by a 3.3-liter V-6, making 293 horsepower and 255 pound-feet. This new-generation, all-aluminum engine is direct-injected, with dual continuous variable valve timing, a timing chain, and three-stage variable induction.
The Cadenza's V-6 doesn't make all that much torque at the low end of the rev band (Toyota's V-6 in the Avalon feels perkier that way), which means that stepping away from a standing start, or up a steep hill, feel a bit more sluggish than you'd guess from its power output—until the revs build, and then you rocket ahead. Meanwhile fifth and sixth gear are quite tall, so the transmission downshifts frequently on long highway grades, or when simply resuming the cruise control from small drops in speed.
There's no sport mode for the powertrain or the stability control. There are however steering-wheel paddle-shifters, plus a manual gate, that let you manually command the gears.
Push the Cadenza (about 3,800 pounds as we tested it) hard into a corner, and you'll realize quickly that this is no sport sedan; the body control is better than some other large sedans, but it has neither the steering feel nor the transition chops to satisfy enthusiasts. Whether in steering feel, body control, or general responsiveness, this is a car that feels athletic enough on the twisty sections, provided you're not truly expecting to extract the most out of curvy canyon roads or hustling on country back roads. Brakes feel surprisingly strong and confident, however.
Steering feel is on the light side, and while it loads up enough off center to be helpful, there's very little, if any, feel of the road. It also requires more attention and small adjustments than it should at highway cruising speeds; although it adds up to great maneuverability at parking speeds.
The Cadenza has a comfortable but not pillowy ride, as well as a smart, well-trimmed interior; rear-seat headroom with the panoramic roof is the only real disappointment.
Choose a big sedan like the 2014 Kia Cadenza, that's not overtly a sport sedan, and you might expect the ride quality to be pillowy, almost queasy. As with many of the latest entries in this class, that's no longer the case; the Cadenza has top-notch interior comfort, without those boat-like old-fashioned big-car motions. It's also luxury-car quiet inside.
And if you've owned German luxury sedans in the past, don't expect to be stepping down in comfort-related items. When optioned up with the Luxury Package, you'll find a driver's seat thigh extension (quite the improvement for taller drivers on longer highway trips) plus a heated steering wheel, ventilated front seats, and even heated rear seats.
The seats themselves are on the soft side, and while some might prefer a little more firmness, particularly for their back, these there's lots of legroom, and the driving position should be great for a wide range of sizes. In back, too, there's enough legroom—even for long-legger riders over six feet tall, behind other six footers.
Unfortunately, those tall riders won't be comfortable in back if you've opted for the two-panel panoramic sunroof system, which is included with the Luxury Package (mandatory for every other option, like the Tech Package and its smart cruise control and other active safety). You'll need to duck a bit when getting in, because of the downward-sloping roofline. But the real surprise comes inside, where you lose what we estimate to be several inches of headroom to the back housing of the roof system. There are two scooped-out areas in the headliner for outboard riders, but you'll need to hunch forward. The other thing is that if you're on a curvy road, hold on; the front seats are quite soft, and they provide zero lateral support, really, and if you're going around tight corners.
The Cadenza is a very quiet-riding sedan, with almost no wind noise, and very little road noise, at highway speeds—all with good aerodynamics, a tight structure, and smart application of noise-blanketing, rather than stopgap measures like active noise cancellation.
Materials are very impressive throughout the cabin. The ventilated Nappa leather seats that are included with the Luxury Package are as soft and supple as you'll find in $60k luxury rides.
Just as in other Kia models, there's no shortage of real physical buttons here—something we like, actually, and between decent voice control, those hard buttons, and the touch screen, there's a good level of redundancy that allows you to truly do it your own way.
There's value here for those concerned about safety; the 2014 Kia Cadenza offers all the luxury features you'll find in luxury cars costing much more.
The 2014 Kia Cadenza hits all the marks for safety, and with its 'single-spec' presentation, it's easy to wrap in a few innovative active-safety options.
The Cadenza comes with eight standard airbags, including front and rear seat-mounted side bags and full-length side-curtain bags. A rear camera system and backup warning sensors are included, too.
An advanced smart cruise control system offers four different following distances and will actually brake the car to a stop for traffic ahead, while the lane-departure warning system may help alert you if you're drowsy or inattentive (it chimes loudly); meanwhile, the blind spot detection system helps warn of vehicles that are to the side and just behind.
The Cadenza has earned top 'good' scores from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) in all categories. It's a Top Safety Pick for 2013 in its 2014 model-year launch edition, but it hasn't been crash-tested for small-overlap strength--the IIHS' new requirement for its highest awards. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) hasn't tested it at all.
We'll update this section as the ratings are released.
If you're motivated by in-vehicle technology and luxury features, you can get it all here in the 2014 Kia Cadenza, at a price that's really competitive.
You won't find any stripped-down base model of the 2014 Kia Cadenza. Unlike Kia's other models, which are sold in trim levels such as LX, EX, and SX, the Cadenza is sold only in a single 'Premium' trim. That means even if you don't opt for one of the two major packages, you're getting a big sedan that's loaded with luxury.
Factory-installed options are limited to the Luxury Package ($3,000), the Technology Package ($3,000), and a White Interior Package (price not yet available). Considering the base price of $35,100 (and $800 destination), with both of those packages added you get a vehicle with top-tier luxury features, including things like active cruise control and blind-spot monitoring, for less than $42k.
With the Luxury Package you get a panoramic sunroof, power retractable sunshade, active front lighting system, Nappa leather seats, a ventilated driver's seat, heated rear outboard seats, a heated steering wheel, a power-adjustable steering column, two-position seat and mirror memory, a driver's thigh cushion extension, a first-aid kit, and a seven-inch TFT gauge cluster. Add the Technology Package and it steps up to 19-inch alloy wheels, hydrophobic front-door glass, an electronic parking brake, smart cruise control, blind-spot detection, and lane departure warning.
The navigation system runs off an SD card, and the system is included in all Cadenzas. It's a great system, too, with clear map displays, smooth scrolling, and easy toggling between zoom level, split-screen views, and live traffic. The system features traffic warnings, and even an automatic-rerouting box that you can check.
For all the features it has, the 2014 Kia Cadenza does a good job in offering hard buttons for most tasks, without overwhelming you with them. Climate functions don't depend on the screen system, for instance.
What we're not quite as charmed about as we expected is the 550-watt, 12-speaker Infinity sound system, which, when we cranked up the volume even just above midway, sounded a bit distorted (with the EQ zeroed).
The Cadenza also features the new UVO eServices suite, which provides a set of smartphone-based services, all accessed through a free app rather than a monthly subscription fee. The service includes a diagnostics assistant, parking minder, roadside assistance, and access to custom vehicle settings.
If you're looking for a car that's going to keep your fuel budget especially low, that's the one area where the 2014 Kia Cadenza isn't such a deal.
For its size, the 2014 Kia Azera isn't a particularly fuel-efficient vehicle; it's surpassed by powertrains like the EcoBoost four in the Ford Taurus (22/32 mpg), as well as the hybrid powertrain that delivers 40 mpg Combined in the Toyota Avalon Hybrid.
It's also worth noting that the Hyundai Azera, curiously, gets 20/29 mpg ratings with essentially the same engine and transmission. In a 140-mile drive of the Cadenza we saw about 21 mpg, with no passengers aboard, and about two thirds of that on the highway and on rural two-laners; that's within a mpg of what we've observed in the Azera.
The Cadenza's fuel economy ratings are just 19 mpg city, 28 highway. But, as Kia notes, the V-6 in the Cadenza is designed to run on regular unleaded gasoline.
Looking for a different year of the Kia Cadenza? | 2019-04-21T05:03:39Z | https://www.thecarconnection.com/overview/kia_cadenza_2014 |
It has long been recognized that the Sun reverses all of its magnetic fields to their opposite polarization in a 11-year cycle, and back again in the next cycle, for a full cycle time of 22 years. The magneto-graphic illustration shown here indicates how the various regions of the Sun had been magnetically polarized over the spans of the last 45 years.
But how is the polarization reversal generated? What controls it? What controls the timing?
The answer is amazing. For this we need to go back to the high-energy discharge experiment by Anthony Peratt at the Los Alamos National Laboratory.
The plasma structure that formed in the high-energy experiment, created a large confinement dome. The plasma pressure that builds up under the dome appears to be directed downward and increases the plasma outflow into the Sun. The differential creates a corresponding magnetic-field polarity.
However, when the pressure builds up in the confinement dome to such an intensity that it exceeds the strength of the containment field, the dome ruptures at the top, at its weakest point. When this happens, some of the built-up pressure in the dome vents into space in the opposite direction of flow. The change in balance, together with the magnetic disconnection at the top of the dome, generates a strong magnetic field with opposite polarity. The opposite polarity, thereby, becomes the dominant polarity from this point on. The polarity is maintained for as long as the outflow from the dome continues, or is forced to change by external causes.
Inversely, when the pressure in the dome drops, and the containment is re-established, or is re-established by external causes, the original magnetic polarity becomes dominant again. The magnetic field then flips again to its former orientation.
By this dynamic principle, a plasma stream flowing in the same direction, can create an oscillation of alternately oriented magnetic fields. This type of principle is evidently the cause for the cyclical polarity reversal that we see evident on the Sun.
However, the polarity reversal isn't quite as simple as that. The magneto-graphic illustration, that shows the changing polarity in the regions of the Sun, from pole to pole, over the span of a solar cycle, shows that the magnetic reversal in the polar regions of the Sun, occurs late in the solar cycle, almost 5 years late. This delay creates a puzzle in mechanistic cosmology. It shouldn't be happening. The delay is theorized to be caused by magnetic material slowly drifting from the active regions to the poles. Can this be so?
In plasma language the delay is recognized as the result of the natural differential of the magnetic field propagation caused by different media. In empty space, magnetic fields propagate at the speed of light. In dense plasma streams the propagation speed is determined by the density of the plasma, which is typically the plasma's pressure-propagation speed.
If one considers that the primer fields are potentially located half-way within the heliosphere, the Sun's distance to the primer fields is roughly 7 billion kilometers. The 5-year delay over this distance adds up to a propagation speed of 45 km/sec, which is well within the range of what is reasonably possible.
This means that the polarity reversal delay is not an enigma in plasma language.
For most of the Sun, the polarity reversal is not delayed, because the magnetic field lines that flow outside of the plasma stream, propagate near the speed of light. The fast fields evidently don't reach all the way down to the poles. The poles would be dominated by the high-density plasma flow.
The slow plasma flow, in the high-density plasma stream, in comparison with the magnetic propagation speed that affects the central region of the Sun, is also responsible for the shape of the sunspot cycles as we see them evident increasingly.
The reason why the solar activity peaks at the middle of a solar cycle is, that it takes 5 years for plasma-pressure wave from the primer fields, that is generated as a type of shock wave with the polarity reversal, to reach to the Sun. The delay is due to the long transition time crossing 7 billion kilometers of space from the primer fields to the Sun.
The plasma pressure around the Sun is a critical variable factor for solar activity. When the plasma density is high, two things happen. The solar activity becomes intense and large numbers of sunspots are created. High plasma density on the Sun also blocks to a larger degree cosmic-ray emissions from the Sun. The effect makes the peak of the solar cycle, with the densest plasma sphere around the Sun, the weakest in solar cosmic-ray flux. Inversely, it makes the valley between the solar cycles, which is weak in plasma pressure around the Sun, the period of the strongest solar cosmic-ray flux reaching the Earth, and also the period of the largest coronal holes.
The 11-year solar cycle itself, begins with a shock event in the confinement domes. The process of breaching or closing a confinement dome's magnetic structure, changes the polarity of the magnetic field orientation that is projected from the Primer fields onto the Sun. The shock in the dome, thereby starts the magnetic field reversal, which becomes evident immediately on the surface of the Sun.
In addition, the shock event in the dome, also sets off a plasma pressure wave from the input dome. The wave builds up pressure around the Sun, which gains it maximum in typically 5 years and diminishes thereafter, as the built-up wave flows past the Sun. The pressure build-up and diminishment is reflected in the sunspot numbers. The numbers gain their maximum at maximum plasma pressure.
The shock event in the magnetic confinement dome, of course, also emits a magnetic wave along the axis of the plasma stream. The magnetic field propagation is a slow process in a high density plasma stream. But it too, reaches the Sun in about 5 years, projected from the input side. As a tightly confined stream, the projected magnetic polarity, affects only the polar region of the Sun, above the 60 degrees latitude. When it becomes active, it 'flips' the polar magnetic field orientation in the northern hemisphere.
The magnetic polarity from the out-flow side takes a little longer to arrive at the Sun, as it flows through less-dense plasma. The lower density that results, results from the Sun having consumed a portion of the plasma stream. The lower density, thereby increases the propagation time. Thus, the magnetic wave that flows from the out-flow side, affects the polar region in the southern hemisphere of the Sun, somewhat delayed.
By this differential origin, the polar magnetic field reversals do not happen at the same time in both hemispheres. The time difference can be as much as a year, or longer, reflecting differences in propagation time. But ultimately, the timing of the polar reversals are of not great significance.
The timing that separates the solar cycles from each other is not the polar magnetic reversal, but is the shock event that starts the magnetic reversal at home base, in the confinement domes.
Several types of oscillations have the potential to cause the big solar cycles oscillation to happen? The oscillation can potentially be caused by the plasma pressure wave arriving at the dome on the out-flow side. The wave arrives there after its 11-year propagation crossing 15 billion kilometers of space, flowing in a tightly confined plasma stream.
With both of the primer fields being magnetically connected with each other across 'empty' space, the pair of primer fields have the potential to be magnetically synchronized within a couple of hours. In cosmic terms, that's instantaneous.
The 11-year solar cycle may also be the result of a 2-way magnetic oscillation cycle, each flowing within in the high-density plasma stream to their opposite primer fields. Each of the magnetic field projection would take the same path and reach the other's magnetic dome at the same time. This could cause a magnetic reversal to happen without external synchronization.
It could also be that both, the magnetic waves and the plasma wave, acting together, may cause the polarity reversal in the domes that starts the next solar cycle.
It is worth noting at this point that as the solar system as a whole is diminishing. It has been weakening from the late 1990s onward. As the result of the general weakening, the polar magnetic field strength of the Sun has diminished accordingly. The same wakening is also expressed in slower propagation times throughout the system. This has lengthen the interval between the polarity reversals that start the next solar cycle. The lengthened interval has lengthened the solar cycle as a whole.
Something big is in progress here that has sparked significant concerns. The magneto graphic that is presented here is a composite result of a major study.
The graphic is contained within a 19-page research report "The reversal of the Sun’s magnetic field in cycle 24", by contributors from three major institutions, and data from leading-edge facilities.
The potential increase of the duration of the solar cycle 24, is not trivial. For cycle 23, the increase in duration was 23%. Cycle 24 promises to increase that.
The weakening of the plasma streams in the solar system is also expressed in lower sunspot numbers. For cycle 23, the sunspot numbers were 15% lower. It is interesting to note too, that solar cycle 23 covered the entire time frame in which the Ulysses spacecraft had measured the solar wind-pressure, and saw it diminishing by 30%, between the start and the end of the cycle. Also note that in comparison with cycle 24, cycle 23 was still a strong cycle.
The vanished northern magnetic field.
The weakening of the plasma streams in the solar system is even expressed in the Sun's polar magnetic field strength. Note, that in comparison with cycle 22, the polar magnetic field reversal in cycle 23 was significantly weaker, and that for cycle 24, the northern reversal is missing altogether.
Solar cycle 24 began in 2008. The traditional polar polarity reversal should have happened in 2013, five years into the cycle. But it didn't happen.
Some form of reversal appears to have happened in the southern polar region, in 2015, seven years into the solar cycle, and two years late. But in the northern polar region of the Sun, no sign has been seen of anything decisive happening. up to 2016, which is the limit of the data available.
The missing northern polar polarity is also shockingly evident in the Hathaway solar magnetic graphic that covers a slightly longer timeframe. The northern solar polarity change that should have happened in 2013, isn't late this time. It didn't materialize. It didn't happen at all.
The missing polarity seems to indicate that the plasma inflow into the primer fields system was too weak for anything significant to happen. The reason why the southern polarity start-up did happen, may be due to the southern magnetic polarity being reflective. It reflects back the effect of the magnetic reversal carried by the old plasma density from the previous solar cycle, which apparently was stronger than the new density flowing into the system, which has become so weak that it no longer makes the grade.
The northern solar reversal that we saw in cycle 23, may have been the last one for the next 90,000 years till the next interglacial period recovers the now fading solar system. It seems that we crossed the bridge to no-return already in this respect.
The Sun's polar magnetic polarity may end altogether in cycle 25, and not materialize for the next 90,000 years, potentially together with the sunspots. This seems to tell us that the solar system is in the first phases of crashing. This should raise some eyebrows, because the next system reset isn't scheduled to be happening until the year Ninety-Two Thousand and Twenty. That's a long way away.
The modern technology that we now have, enables us to measure events that we couldn't have seen prior to the 1970s. Fortunately, the early measurements that we now have available, especially those for cycles 21 and 22, gave us a yardstick with which to measure the dramatic weakening that has begun with cycle 23, and has increased in cycle 24, and is continuing to increase.
The entire solar system is presently in a state of transition. The dynamics are getting weaker, and the propagation times are getting longer. The weakening of the dynamics that we have witnessed in technological measurements, are far from being trivial.
The changes that we saw appear even more momentous when one considers that the primer fields that are critical for the solar dynamics, are themselves magnetic constructs that are formed by the movement of flowing plasma. They are formed by it. Their geometry is shaped by it. They depend on a minimal volume of plasma flowing. And that's precisely what our measurements tell us, is now diminishing, and is diminishing rapidly.
We don't know, unfortunately, where on the diminishing slope the threshold is crossed where the entire interconnected dynamic structure falls apart and vanishes as if it never existed. But we do know that when this happens, the dynamics that focus plasma onto the Sun, no longer happen. The timeframe of the high-powered Sun then ends.
The Sun's activity level will then drop off to a much-lower-lever default state, a kind of hibernation state, where the Sun's surface temperature will be maintained at potentially the 4,000 degrees level, instead of the present 5,800 degrees Kelvin.
The resulting 70% colder Sun, will usher in the next Ice Age that renders the Earth largely uninhabitable, partly because of the cold, and partly because of the resulting 80% reduction of precipitation, because of the cold.
Humanity cannot continue to exist under such conditions. All regions outside the subtropics become ice-bound with no hope for agriculture to continue, and in the regions that remain ice-free, the lands become deserts for the lack of rainfall. Both effects combined, assure a near total loss of agriculture across the world. That's what's at stake for the near future, potentially in the 2050s. That's what we are rushing into without anyone knowing it, and with the scientific community closing its eyes to it. Nevertheless, the consequences will be experienced with near absolute certainty. The Ice Age will happen. The process has already begun. It has been in progress for some time already.
The slowing solar heartbeat, the diminishing sunspot numbers, and the weakening and missing solar polarity reversals, are merely the latest additions to the now increasing 'rush' towards the next Ice Age.
I have pointed out in a previous video, that the interglacial climate began to cool shortly after its maximum, and that the cooling is now accelerating.
Then three thousand years ago the big warming spikes began to diminish too, and the intervals between them became shorter.
Similarly, a thousand years ago the solar minimum events became colder, and the intervals between them, likewise became of shorter duration.
While we were 'rescued' in the 1700s from collapsing back into the full Ice Age, the rescue pulse that saved us is now spent.
The solar system is rushing back to the conditions that we just barely escaped from, and wich are diminishing towards still lower levels.
The diminishing solar-wind pressure, that began in the late 1990s, that the Ulysses satellite saw the beginning of as a 30% reduction of the solar-wind pressure in the time of a single solar cycle (cycle 23), is just another step of the ever-increasing 'rush' to the next Ice Age that we find ourselves in.
These events are real. They are not projections of something that may happen. They have already happened. They are a part of the history of the Sun. Neither are these solar events isolated events. They are way marks on a path that we cannot get away from, that is becoming evermore precarious.
In this context, the now missing polar magnetic reversal of the northern region of the Sun, is just another 'shoe' dropping off along the path.
As I pointed out in a previous video, the Ice Age is near, even statistically. It is scientifically understood and also scientifically hidden. Science should be the voice of truth. It may be that again some day.
What we call the Ice Age, is a long-term 'solar cycle' that has been extensively researched, is extensively understood, and has been effectively buried. This tragedy needs to be reversed before it becomes an even bigger tragedy for all humanity.
The Ice Age has put us on a train to oblivion that we cannot avoid. We can only aim to sidestep the consequences of the coming Ice Age, by building us the technological infrastructures to do so, but we cannot stop the train from rolling. Nothing can stop the Ice Age dynamics, but we can act to get ready for them.
While we have the capability and the resources to build us a new world in the tropics, with modern types of technological infrastructures that the Ice Age cannot touch, nothing on this line is even considered, much less being built.
For meeting the Ice Age Challenge, we need to build 6,000 new cities for a million people each, in the tropics, preferable along the equator, with new agriculture attached to them, enough to nourish 7 billion. And since suitable land is scarce in the tropics, the new infrastructures will need to be placed afloat across the equatorial sea.
Do I here any protests here, with screams that this is impossible to do?
Of course this is impossible to do in the present landscape of zero-sum economics.
The oligarchic masters who aim to rule the world, say to society, when we rob you to the bone, the total wealth in the world hasn't changed by the process. The losers are balanced by the winner. When the differences are added up, the sum is zero.
Except this game is a deception by intention, to hide the crime. As the oligarchic masters steal liberally from society, according to the platform of liberalism, they diminish the creative and productive capacity of society, and as a consequence the world becomes poorer and poorer, till in the extreme there is no productive power left in the world, and the people perish.
The stolen wealth, of course, becomes meaningless in a world with a dead economy. When one adds this "advanced" world up, the sum-total does indeed add up to zero.
It is not possible to build anything on this zero-sum platform, much less a new world with high-end technological infrastructures.
So, what's the answer? How can we build a new world and live, and live richly?
The answer lies in the opposite of the dead-end game. The answer lies building one-another up to increase the creative and productive power of society to the utmost. This means that the new cities will be built rent-free, as an investment by society into itself. No more rent slavery. Here the goal is no longer a sum of zero in the end, as in the Zero-Sum game. The goal is to increase the productive capacity of society 100,000 fold. That's the natural creative gain that is realized routinely in the universe.
Whenever an atom is synthesized, the resulting structure is 100,000-time larger than the sum of its parts. That's the natural dimension of creativity. On this platform anything can be built. The more is being build, the richer the world becomes.
Then the foremost question will no longer be, where will the money come from? The question will then be, what else can we build to enrich our world, and our civilization within it? The money for it will be created, if money should still play a role by then.
A long time ago, in the late 1800s, the world-renowned American spiritual leader, named Mary Baker Eddy, had created a textbook to convey her discoveries. She had produced it with a glossary attached. In the glossary she defined the term, God. She defined it with a long list of synonymous spiritual concepts that characterize God. Surprisingly, the term, "good," is not in the list. But, isn't God, good? Isn't it the standard concept in Christianity, that God is good? How did she solve the paradox that she created, of the missing, "good," in her definition for God?
She solved the paradox in a profound manner. She defined the term, "good," separately. She defined the term "Good" AS "God." She says Good is God.
She says 'Good' IS 'God' (universal). Good is thereby not private in nature, but universal and limitless. She says in essence that if good isn't universal, there is something fundamentally lacking.
On the platform of universal good, the needed 6,000 new cities can be built, and will be built, because it fun and exciting to live and work as a human being. Universal good is the heart of our humanity.
Of course we are not at the decisive breakout yet, reaching for the platform of universal good. China has taken some courageous steps towards universal good, with the Belt and Road Initiative.
We, in the West, in comparison, presently lack the love for our own humanity to move in this direction likewise. In American history, the principle used to be called the General Welfare Principle. The principle is no longer honoured. We may claim it back, as China has done.
But these, even the best of them, are but baby steps. We need to move in leaps and bounds to match the universe and its 100,000-fold gain in creativeness. When our love for one-another will enable us to do so, then we will have a future, with a vastly richer civilization in more prosperous world than we presently have.
But at the present stage, the zero-sum stage, we cannot reach for this future for the lack of the love that would inspire us to acknowledge us as human beings, and as sons of the universe.
Some day we will see this happening, We will see us rise out of the easy chair and put the spate into the ground so to speak. Then we will have a chance.
To illustrate that the lack of love for our humanity is still extensive, is evident by the fact that we still harbour tens of thousands of nuclear bombs that we have built against each other, and keep on hand, with which to eradicate our existence - which we continuously 'improve' in terms of their destructive capability, instead of us scrapping them all. But it only takes a change in perspective to start a complete turn-around.
In the current arena of tenacious insanity, the Ice Age Challenge may be our final hope, as it might inspire a new focus of concern and love for our humanity that would raise us out of the nuclear-weapons trap and related issues with near absolute certainty.
We have 'lived' in the nuclear weapons trap for 70 years, with all efforts having failed so far, for getting out of the trap.
Evidently our efforts have been too small, and our attempts too trivial.
While the Ice Age phase shift is still roughly 30 years distant, its challenge is momentous and cannot be avoided, whereby it has the potential to change us and our outlook in the present, from its confrontational mode towards the principle of the universal good, meeting the common aims of humanity. If we raise ourselves up to this universal level as human beings, the challenge can be honestly, and easily addressed.
But why should we fail on this front? The prospects that we find there are tremendous. Building a new world across the sea, with new cities and new agriculture for almost 7 billion people, opening the door to greater prosperity and happiness than we have today, is imminently achievable. So why should anyone opt for death by starvation by doing nothing to prevent it, if a richer world than any yet imagined lays within our grasp? Let's reach for it and live. | 2019-04-21T08:08:06Z | http://ice-age-ahead-iaa.ca/scrp_minimum/pmcb000.htm |
Web hosting is an essential expense if you’re running any type of serious website or blog. When things are going well, web hosting is something you won’t be thinking about. But when you run into issues with your hosting, like your site being down or pages loading very slowly, it can be a major headache.
Hosting issues are not only a pain to deal with, they’re also bad for your business. If your website is down it’s not making you any money. And if the pages are loading slowly, many visitors will leave and never come back.
Choosing the right web host is important because it can have a big impact on the reliability of your website or blog, and you don’t want to waste a lot of time constantly reaching out to your host for support on issues that could be avoided.
When I launched VitalDollar.com I gave a lot of thought to the host that I would use, and I also did a lot of research. I’ve been managing my own websites for more than 10 years and I’ve used more hosts that I can count. Most of them have been ok, a few have been really great, and a few have been awful.
After looking at a lot of different options I ultimately decided to host the site with SiteGround. I’ve been using SiteGround with some of my other sites for more than 5 years, so I know what to expect from their hosting. I looked at a few other hosts, but ultimately decided that SiteGround was the best fit for my needs.
This review is based on my own experience as a SiteGround customer over the past 5 years. As I mentioned, I have several different sites hosted with them, so this review is based on my overall experience as a SiteGround customer, not just my experience with this particular website.
My experience is with SiteGround’s shared hosting plans. I don’t have experience with their cloud hosting or dedicated servers.
I have had sites/blogs on all 3 of the different shared hosting plans offered by SiteGround (I’ll cover more on those plans in the review).
I currently manage several different websites and blogs. Most of them are hosted with SiteGround, but not all of them. I do use some other hosts as well.
I am an affiliate of SiteGround and this page includes my affiliate links. That means if you click on one of the affiliate links and you decide to purchase hosting with SiteGround I will earn a commission (at no additional cost to you). Pretty much every web hosting company has an affiliate program, so I could promote any of them. I promote SiteGround because I truly believe in their service and I use it for my own sites. Everything mentioned in this review is my honest opinion.
After reading the review if you have questions about SiteGround’s hosting please feel free to leave a comment on this post or email me through the contact page. I’ll be happy to try to answer your question if it is something I have experience with.
Ready to start your own blog? See my step-by-step guide How to Start a Blog.
SiteGround is a large hosting company with customers all around the world. They offer several different types of hosting including shared hosting, cloud hosting, and dedicated servers. Shared hosting plans are the lowest-priced options and will meet the needs of most blogs and small websites. As I mentioned, my experience with SiteGround is only with shared hosting. They have 3 different shared hosting plans with varying features and prices.
StartUp is the entry level plan. With this plan you can only have one site (domain) on your account. It’s a great option if you’re just getting started because you can always upgrade to a higher-priced plan if you outgrow the StartUp plan.
You can sign up for the StartUp plan for just $3.95 per month. You have the option to sign up month-to-month, or you can pay upfront for 12 months, 24 months, or 36 months. I don’t recommend the month-to-month option for two reasons: 1) with the month-to-month option you’ll pay a $15 setup fee (there is no setup fee if you pay for 12 months or more upfront), and 2) because your price will increase after the first month. The $3.95 per month is an introductory price and it applies to whichever term you select and pay upfront. After that, the price will move to the regular price of $9.95 per month. If you choose the monthly option you’re only getting one month at $3.95. Personally, I pay for 12 months upfront when I am signing up for a new plan, so I get 12 months at the introductory price, which comes to a total of $47.40 for one year of hosting. Then after the first year I’ll pay the regular price. If you want to save some money in the long run you can pay for 24 months or 36 months upfront and you’ll be paying the introductory rate for that entire term. So you could get 3 years of hosting for $142.20.
SiteGround suggests that the StartUp plan is suitable for sites with up to 10,000 visits per month, which is more than enough for most new sites and blogs. The plan also limits you to 10GB of storage space. Storage space is usually not an issue and most sites and blogs will have no problems with this limit. Very large files, like videos for example, are usually not hosted on your own server anyway. You can embed videos from YouTube or Vimeo, so the video file is hosted on their servers instead of yours.
GrowBig is the next step up from the StartUp plan. The introductory price for the GrowBig plan is $5.95 per month and the regular price is $14.95 per month. With this plan you can host unlimited websites and the plan is suitable for a total of about 25,000 monthly visits. You’ll get 20GB of storage instead of the 10GB that come with the StartUp plan.
The GrowBig plan also comes with some premium features that you don’t get with the StartUp plan, like priority support, free backup restores, and SiteGround’s own caching plugin that can help to speed up your WordPress-based website.
GoGeek is the top-tier shared hosting plan offered by SiteGround. The introductory price is $11.95 per month and the regular price is $29.95 per month. You can host unlimited websites with a total of 30GB of storage, and the plan is suitable for about a total of 100,000 monthly visits.
This plan comes with the same premium features of the GrowBig plan, plus a few additional features like fewer accounts on the same server and free backups on demand.
SiteGround offers a 99.99% uptime guarantee, and you can even view their uptime right on their site. Their uptime for the past 12 months is 99.996, at the time of this writing.
As a customer who has been using SiteGround for more than 5 years I can say that their uptime and reliability is outstanding. I don’t have stats on my particular websites to show their up time, but I know the uptime is outstanding. Actually, I don’t remember experiencing any issues with downtime, although I’m sure over 5 years I’ve had a few that I am forgetting about.
Some of the other hosting companies I’ve used for shared hosting in the past suffered from frequent downtime. That has not been the case with SiteGround, and that reliability is one of the main reasons I continue to host my sites with them. I don’t have any concerns about my sites going down, and if a site were to go down I know I could get in touch with SiteGround instantly (more on that when I talk about customer service).
Page load speed is another really important factor when it comes to choosing a web host. Low-price shared hosting plans tend to load pages slowly because the hosts jam so many websites onto a server. I’ve never found a shared hosting plan that loads pages as fast as SiteGround.
Slow loading pages can be an issue if you’re using WordPress. SiteGround’s servers have been optimized for WordPress, which means your WordPress-based website or blog will perform better and load faster. For every plan except the cheapest StartUp plan, SiteGround also gives you access to their custom caching WordPress plugin that will help it to load even faster.
Again, I don’t have statistics on page load speed of my site on SiteGround versus the same page on other web hosts, but after using many different hosts over the years I can tell you that SiteGround’s shared hosting plans load pages faster than any other shared hosting I’ve used in the past.
Page load speed was a major factor when I decided on a host for VitalDollar.com. I know with SiteGround I’ll get pages that load quickly even on an inexpensive shared hosting plan. I’ve had higher-priced VPS (virtual private server) accounts with other hosts that don’t load pages as quickly as the shared hosting plans on SiteGround.
One of the most important factors to consider when you’re choosing a web host is type of customer service that you’ll receive. No matter how great the host is, there will be times when you’ll have questions or need assistance with something. This is where the good hosting companies really separate themselves from everyone else.
I would recommend only considering hosting companies that offer support 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Limited support hours are a deal breaker for me. Years ago I had a few major issues during hours that my web host wasn’t accessible, and it was awful. It’s such a helpless feeling to have a website down and not be able to get in touch with your host. Fortunately, most of the leading hosts offer support 24/7, so there’s really no reason you would need to go with a host that doesn’t.
Aside from just the hours, you also want to consider the different ways that you can get in touch with the host. SiteGround offers 24-hour customer service by phone, online chat, and email tickets. Some hosts offer phone support in limited hours, only to higher-priced plans, or not at all. I very rarely use the phone for support issues, but I do like to know that I can call if I need to. I’ve had situations with other hosts in the past where I waited and waited for a response to a support ticket by email, and I had no option to call the host. That was painful because I had no idea when someone was actually going to look at my request and address the issue. Online chat is usually my go-to method for support because it’s quick and you can actually have a conversation with some follow up questions, unlike email where you may have to wait a while if you’re question isn’t answered in the first email response.
So how does SiteGround’s customer service stack up? This is where SiteGround really shines. After 5 years of being a customer I can say that their support is outstanding. First of all, you can get in touch with someone extremely fast. If you go with online chat you’ll be connected to a rep almost instantly. I don’t think I’ve ever actually called SiteGround, but they say you can talk to a rep right away by phone as well.
Even the support tickets by email are extremely fast. A few months ago I submitted a ticket and just minutes later I checked my email. I saw I had an email from SiteGround and I assumed it was an automated response just to say that they received the support request. To my surprise, when I opened the email it was actually a personal response from a rep who had already taken care of my request (in that particular case I requested to have an SSL certificate installed on one of my domains).
Not only is the response time very fast, but the support reps are also very knowledgeable. A lot of web hosts put inexperienced reps on the front line, especially with online chat, and they can only handle the most basic of issues or else they have to forward your issue to a more advanced level of support. That’s not the case with SiteGround. All of the support reps seem to be very well trained and they know how to handle pretty much any issue you may have.
So SiteGround’s support reps are fast and knowledgeable, but I would also add that they are friendly. You can ask them any question and they won’t make you feel like you’re bothering them or like you’re stupid. They’re very eager to help and it seems like they really care about doing a good job for their customers.
Of all the hosting companies over the years there are two that offer customer service that truly stands out. SiteGround is one and the other is LiquidWeb. Everything I said about SiteGround’s support could also be said of LiquidWeb, another host that I’ve used for more than 5 years. The difference is LiquidWeb doesn’t offer low-priced shared hosting. They specialize in dedicated servers and VPS accounts, so they’re working with customers who are paying a lot more for their hosting. I pay $5.95 per month for hosting with SiteGround and I get amazing service. I also get amazing service from LiquidWeb, but I pay them about $200 per month.
WordPress is easily the most popular content management system, but using WordPress does have its downsides. First, WordPress-powered websites can load a little slower than other types of sites. Second, you’ll need to upgrade to the latest version of WordPress every now and then. This is extremely easy to do (just a click of the mouse), but it still needs to be done. Third, since WordPress is open source software it is important to keep your WordPress install up-to-date or you could be at risk of getting your site hacked.
Several years ago as WordPress grew in popularity a new trend started in the web hosting industry. Many hosts now offer what is known as managed WordPress hosting. There are differences from one host to the next, but basically if you have managed WordPress hosting some of the common issues that can come up with WordPress will be handled for you. In addition, their servers are specifically set up and optimized for WordPress so your site will load faster.
SiteGround offers managed WordPress hosting on all of their plans, even the low-cost shared hosting plans. Plans on other managed WordPress hosts like WP Engine can be quite expensive, but SiteGround gives you managed WordPress hosting at very reasonable rates.
SiteGround’s servers are optimized for WordPress, they will automatically upgrade your sites to the latest version of WordPress, they offer their own caching plugin on all plans except the cheapest StartUp plan, they constantly monitor WordPress security issues to help keep your site safe, and the support reps are also knowledgeable about WordPress.
With SiteGround you get the benefits of managed WordPress hosting without the high price of companies like WP Engine.
If you have a website or blog currently hosted somewhere else, SiteGround will transfer it for you for free when you sign up for their hosting. In order to get the free transfer you’ll need to pre-pay for 12 months (or more) of service, but you also get a really nice discount by pre-paying. I’ve personally used the transfer service from SiteGround and they did a great job. I had no issues at all and it was done very quickly.
Several years ago you only needed an SSL certificate if you had an e-commerce site where you were collecting credit card numbers from your visitors. Now, it’s basically a necessity for every website and blog. If you don’t have an SSL certificate you run the risk of having your website marked as unsecure, which is bound to scare away some of your visitors.
SiteGround offers Free SSL certificates and they will even install it for you. They do have a guide that shows the simple process of doing it yourself, but if you’re like me and you would rather let an expert handle anything related to the sever, just contact SiteGround and they will do it for you.
SiteGround offers a wide variety of hosting options, so they have plans in all different budgets. Since the rest of this review is based on their shared hosting I will go ahead and only talk about the pricing of their shared hosting here. They have 3 different shared hosting plans: StartUp, GrowBig, and GoGeek.
When you are looking at SiteGround’s pricing the thing you need to be aware of is the introductory price vs. the regular price. The regular price of their 3 shared hosting plans are $9.95, $14.95, and $29.95 per month. But you’ll get introductory pricing on your first invoice. If you pay for just one month, you’ll get the introductory price for the first month and then it will go to the regular price. If you pay for 12 months upfront you will get the introductory price for those 12 months, and then it will go to the regular price. If you pay for 24 or 36 months upfront, you will get the introductory price for those 24 or 36 months and then it will go to the regular price.
The longer the time period that you pay upfront, the more you save over the long run. Personally, I never buy web hosting for more than 1 year at a time, and that goes for every host, not just SiteGround. I don’t want to be locked in to one host for 3 years in case their level of service goes downhill. But if you do feel comfortable paying for 2 or 3 years up front you’ll get an amazing deal.
Throughout this review I’ve mentioned that SiteGround is superior to every other low-cost web host that I’ve used in the past in terms of website performance, page load speed, and customer support. They really give you a better product and service than you’ll get with other hosts on a shared hosting account, but you will pay a higher price for it. SiteGround’s pricing compares very well to any other quality shared hosting provider when you’re paying the introductory prices, but after that introductory price expires you’ll be paying more than you would for shared hosting with most other hosts.
Servers that are optimized for WordPress.
Reliable servers with great up time.
The benefits of managed WordPress hosting without the high cost.
Very fast, very helpful customer service.
Plenty of plans and hosting options that give you room to grow.
That being said, there are a few cons of SiteGrounds service that I want to point out in order to provide a balanced review.
First, their prices are higher than most low-cost shared hosting providers. As I mentioned earlier, I think SiteGround’s prices are more than justified by what they offer, but if you are only looking for a dirt-cheap, low-cost provider, you can find lower-priced plans elsewhere.
Second, the shared hosting plans from SiteGround do have more limitations than some other hosts. For example, the storage space is not as high as what you’ll get from most hosts. From my experience, most hosts offer far more disk space than you’ll ever need, and what SiteGround offers is more than sufficient for the vast majority of websites and blogs.
→ View SiteGround’s pricing and sign up here. | 2019-04-26T05:39:32Z | https://vitaldollar.com/review-of-sitegrounds-web-hosting/ |
Here you will find a series of articles dealing with key strategic issues affecting professional services firms.
The articles have been published in a broad range of specialist journals and magazines.
We live in an increasingly uncertain world. In order to survive and prosper, firms must be nimble and adaptive. They need to develop the capability to anticipate the future in a dynamic way in order to shepherd their resources to maximum effect and select the best-fit markets on which to focus. An acid test of the efficacy of any strategy is the way in which it is able to accommodate and respond to uncertainty and unforeseen risks as they emerge over time.
The core purpose of any strategy is to create sustainable competitive advantage. A critical strategic discussion centres on the choice of markets in which to compete and the kinds of activities which are involved in such markets. Several models exist to chart market attractiveness and these tend to map the size and future potential of a market against the firm’s relative competitive strength (i.e. its ability to take advantage of latent opportunities). What this means in practice is that the strategy team needs to be building a picture of the firm’s ability to perform in the context of others targeting the same markets.
This report is a guide for law firm leaders on merger strategy and realisation. It provides in-depth advice on the merger process, starting with an outline of why a merger might be considered an appropriate strategic option and identifying what the profile of an ideal merger candidate firm might look like, through to initiating discussions, identifying issues in the negotiation process, the building of the merger business case, and creating opportunities to realise merger dividends with a particular emphasis on the client opportunity. To read the executive summary and index click here or to order a copy click here.
Firms won’t become more commercially successful by being better at the law but, rather, by running a better legal services business. More proficient strategic thinking and better management, team working and communication are vital to ensuring sustainable performance enhancements, improved efficiency and increased revenues and profits.
It should be clear to everyone in the management team and wider firm that, while incremental improvements in technical expertise are important (since these capacities sit at the very core of any proposition), they will not significantly influence the success trajectory of the business in the short to medium term. Strategic, structural, technological, operational and client service improvements can, however, be transformative and have the potential to quickly deliver a step-change in performance.
A merger provides a host of opportunities to right-size. Some arise directly from the merger itself. Others will be realised because ‘all bets are off’ in a newly-merged firm, providing a window to implement efficiencies that were previously denied.
Right-sizing is generally assumed to mean moves to reduce costs and therefore increase operational efficiency in order to improve profitability. However, right-sizing should also consider the introduction of new structures, modern practices and innovative approaches. Through this combination of sustainable structural and operational efficiency improvements, net profitability can be boosted further.
The legal services market is witnessing an unprecedented level of merger activity. The legal press is full of news of firms eitheer in discussions or announcing a deal, but there is also a swell of activity behind the scenes of firms just starting to consider the value of merger as a strategy for their firm, or in early discussions with potential merger partners. So how can firms get from those early stages to concluding not just any deal, but the right deal? The aim is to find the right partner for the individual firm to help it achieve its strategic goals. But this is very challenging. Firms may play ‘fantasy football’ in private, envisaging the ideal scenario of what the firm wishes to become and the nature of its merger partner, but the reality is that choices in the real world are somewhat more limited, candidates less alluring, and mutual attraction more difficult to find. This article is designed to help provide a framework for firms facing this process.
In any merger discussion, there will be a limited number of areas which have the potential to be deal breakers. These range from issues of strategic significance to those of timing. In the first category are questions which challenge the longer-term logic of a deal which has few tactical obstacles. The second is concerned with significant tactical challenges which appear insurmountable despite a strong strategic rationale.
Panjat Pinang is one of the most popular traditions in Indonesia. It is a unique way of celebrating the country’s Independence Day and involves, quite literally, climbing a greasy pole. Tall nut trees are felled, denuded of all branches and bark, and placed vertically in the ground. A wheel containing prizes is placed at the top of the pole and the bare trunk has grease applied. Since the poles are both high and very slippery, one person working alone would have no chance of reaching the top. People combine into teams with an agreement to share any prizes that they secure. Teams climb the poles by creating human pyramids and clambering on each other’s shoulders in order to reach the top. Of course, many fail and simply slide down the greasy pole to start again.
In this chapter we will consider reasons why firms may choose to merge, examine the compelling forces that are driving many to consider the merger option very seriously and discuss the key issues driving consolidation in the UK legal services market which are creating the perfect storm (or, in some cases, the perfect opportunity) to build a compelling business case for law firm mergers.
the Law Society’s Law Management Section.
For most law firms, a successful strategy must blend the concept of opportunity-fit with that of resource-stretch. This is because, having identified new client or market opportunities, it is often not a simple task to reengineer the firm to provide an alluring competitive fit. Firms are constrained by relative inertia in introducing new business units, working practices or product lines.
Long-standing, high-value clients are invaluable to a business, because they become more profitable over time. And a key client programme can help you make sure they stay put. Programmes designed to support better management of a law firm's most important clients have three distinct stages - acquiring, developing and managing.
If much of what has been written is to be believed, it could easily be assumed that strategic success simply hinges on the achievement of scale. Simply by being bigger, planting more flags in the map, increasing purchasing power over suppliers and improving the gearing ratio, all will be well. The reality, of course, is not so straightforward. Scale may be a necessary precondition to achieving strategic objectives but, in itself, will not define a firm in the eyes of intelligent purchasers. Scale may be necessary but it will not be sufficient.
Client strategy sits at the heart of all strategy. Without the ability to attract and retain clients, at a price which delivers an acceptable level of profitability, no business can be viable in the longer term. A firm's client strategy should be under constant review in order to ensure that the emerging needs of the client and the firm's competitive capabilities remain aligned. In a market that is undergoing fundamental and far reaching change, this requirement has never been more pressing.
To read the full Executive Summary click here for PDF or click here for HTML.
To read more about the Client Strategy in a Changing Legal Market report, or to purchase it, click here for PDF.
Since the collapse of Lehman Brothers at the end of 2008 which sparked the worst global recession in recent history, law firms have been reeling from a combination of the economic pressure that has been created compounded by wider structural and competitive changes. An industry which had become accustomed to year-on-year growth, firms which had expanded to become large corporates in their own right and individuals whose personal wealth had amassed to levels which would have seemed impossible only a generation earlier, all had to recalibrate - and quickly.
To read the full chapter click here for PDF or click here for HTML.
To read more about the Client Strategy in a Changing Legal Market report, or to purchase it, click here.
What sort of world will the law firms of tomorrow inhabit? How will firms respond to changing client demands? What will the fundamental economics of a legal services business look like in ten years? What skills will be needed to succeed and where will they be acquired? These are some of the core questions which the leaders of major law firms consider regularly and which guide their strategies.
They are also crucial issues for individuals who are ambitious to succeed in the profession over the next decade.
Perusing law firms’ corporate communication materials and browsing their websites is a pretty mundane pastime. In truth there are only so many ways in which even the most eloquent of wordsmiths can say the same thing over and over and over again. Taken at face value we live in a world inhabited by lawyers who are businesspeople in disguise, wholly commercial in their approach and clear communicators, getting to the core of the issue immediately, charging transparently and delivering to deadlines. All of this is surrounded by a ‘service wrapper’ that promises an experience like no other; indeed, one so good that the client will look forward to engaging their lawyers on a regular basis!
Virtual Law Partners (www.virtuallawpartners.com) was established in May 2008 with eight attorneys and now has around 50. It describes itself as a “virtually connected and geographically distributed firm that provides excellent legal service at very competitive rates”. By looking at the fundamental costs of a law firm through a different lens, and by being prepared to challenge all of the taken-for-granted assumptions about what a firm needs to be credible in the client’s eyes, a new, still nascent model had been created.
When business is tight, maximising the opportunity afforded by pitches, presentations and proposals is quite rightly an area of intense focus for firms. But what are the simple guidelines which, if followed, can help to improve win rates?
On 15 June 2009, The Times predicted that the next two years will see a reduction in the number of lawyers employed in private practice in the UK by 10,000 (or over ten per cent). On 13 July 2009, the London Evening Standard carried a feature ‘Mumbai Law: 1000 City staff “will lose jobs” as legal work goes to India, outlining Indian law firms providing outsourced services to UK law firms and corporates.
Observation and experience over the past 20-plus years have led me to formulate the ‘First Law of Professional Firm Management’. It can be simply stated and I have found it to be true in firms of all sizes, shapes, hues and colours. It is most strikingly accurate among partners neither tasked with current management responsibilities nor with any historic experience of such roles.
One Year or Two, the Choice is for You… but be Quick!
Changes to the CIM syllabus could mean that the minimum overall period for completion of the Professional Diploma for some delegates will increase from one year to two. From 1st June this year, the new syllabus means, unless you have a degree with at least 30% marketing content, you will have to complete the CIM Professional Certificate course as a foundation before moving onto the Diploma.
It’s that time again! Students studying for the PSMG Cambridge Marketing College CIM Professional Diploma are approaching the ‘crunch’ as assignment first drafts are completed for discussion with tutors. Requests for study leave have been lodged and social events cancelled. But life need not be this difficult! There are a few guiding principles which, if followed, make the passage to qualification much more straightforward.
(April 2009) When marketing guru Ted Levitt said: “The future belongs to people who see possibilities before they become obvious”, he captured the essence of the challenge faced by those in fast-changing environments. How do firms cope with a world in which the pace of change has never been greater and the future is so uncertain?
“What matters more, qualification or experience?” was the question posed to me recently. This got me thinking about the impact of formal education versus on-the-job experience on career development. The honest answer is that both are vital, situation specific and, in many respects, one is a catalyst for the other. By this I mean that, in some situations a through theoretical understanding will be vital to the resolution of an issue whilst, in others, the experience forged from years on the front line will be what is required.
When the PSMG collaborated with Cambridge Marketing College to create the world’s only CIM endorsed Professional Diploma for Professional Services Marketing it had two clear aims – to create a bespoke programme that addressed the particular needs and issues faced by marketers in our sector and to put in place a dual qualification recognising the requirement for a transferrable CIM diploma as well as a focused professional services award.
Views on the shape and focus of the law firm of the future are widely divergent but, invariably, pessimism is expressed by many as to how the profession as a whole will fare over the next decade. The common view is that the quality of work (and life) for the median lawyer will continue to be eroded. Why is this so and what can be done to improve fortunes?
Integrated marketing communications is the name; clarity and consistency is the game. Students of marketing communications are inculcated with the need to create compelling, consistent and clear messages that can be directed at an array of targeted delivery channels. In considering communications (whether internal or external) it is crucial to ensure all potential mechanisms and materials, their impact and inter-relationships, are considered and aligned.
If law firms are to be effective in building a competitive advantage through knowledge management (KM) they need to invest in both their infrastructure capabilities and the influencing skills of their knowledge leaders and advocates. The impact of KM leadership has two dimensions; Creating a better understanding of how a firm can create competitive advantage through adopting a leading position together with a wider recognition of the importance of personal leadership skills by senior KM professionals, accompanied by ongoing investment in developing these capabilities. These will be at the heart of delivering ultimate success.
One of the hot topics of the moment (and, in all likelihood, the foreseeable future) is the impact of external investment into the profession as a result of the Legal Services Act. The knowledge strategist will recognise that any assessment of their firm for investment appraisal purposes will involve thorough due diligence of the KM function and a view being taken of its ‘value added’ contribution and potential.
A downturn sorts out the wheat from the chaff! It’s not a nice thought, either for those affected or even the bystanders, but it’s largely true. A coherent argument can be made that a period of recession is a necessary part of the creation of a healthy market. Those that have a strong underlying business will survive and take advantage of the opportunities that such a climate inevitably throws up, while those who have lived with the illusion of a great business during bull market years, when making a profit is relatively easy, will be found out.
“Why else does a managing partner exist if not to make decisions?” This was a comment recently made at a conference I was chairing. Three things immediately struck me. Just how much autonomy do managing partners have in their decision making? What issues affect decision making in professional firms? And how will managers cope with ever-decreasing time windows within which to make decisions – especially when the impacts of those decisions grow increasingly critical for the firm’s future prospects?
There are many models in use that help decision makers better understand their competitive position and to guide their strategy formulation. They range in complexity from the intellectually impenetrable through the overwhelmingly obtuse to the stunningly simple.
Following a number of years in which revenue growth has been achievable without too much effort, there will be many management teams with the misplaced belief that they have a strong business model. In truth, during the bull years, the volumes of work available means that all can feast. A period of recession will provide evidence of those businesses with underlying strengths, as opposed to those that were simply in the right place at the right time.
When boiled down to its essence, what does a professional-services firm do if not manage knowledge and ideas (in the broadest definition of these words) and develop relationships. Indeed, from a business-development perspective, one of the most interesting areas to explore is the knowledge embedded in client relationships, both individual and systemic, that can be used to shape better ways to build a strong client franchise.
As Benjamin Franklin so wisely said, “It takes many good deeds to build a good reputation, and only one bad one to lose it”. His words should be a wake-up call for managing partners that have placed their trust in the fingers-crossed method of reputation management, rather than adopting a more thoughtful and measured approach.
The return of the Spice Girls and their Wannabe anthem offers a timely reminder to professional services marketers of the requirement to understand and deliver the needs of their clients. This is best achieved by listening instead of telling and by acting on the basis of a deep understanding rather than a range of self-serving suppositions.
Everyone accepts that we live in a multicultural society and operate in a world where barriers to business across national frontiers are dismantling at an ever increasing rate. There is positive potential for firms in their response to these cultural challenges and opportunities. Culture is a key driver for professionals. The overriding cultural norms of any profession govern the behaviour of its members and the unique culture of any firm is also a huge potential source of differentiation.
Technology has enabled mass communication at a level never before experienced. With over 12,000 specialist publications in the UK, enabled by improved technology and ever-reducing production costs, the ability to talk in a highly focused way is at a new threshold. This promise of highly targeted messages together with the compelling propositions they can carry has enticed many professional firms into the brave new world of direct marketing communications with their clients and prospects.
Ambitious firms recognise that being excellent at their core legal skill is simply not enough – creating an enhanced commercial understanding of their clients’ needs and building the business development skills of their people are two ways in which the firm can create a strong and enduring brand position.
The best businesses have an insatiable hunger to make things better for both their clients and themselves. For those law firms which have adopted a less ambitious approach to marketing and business development strategy, it is time to take a long hard look at their existing processes and how these can be strengthened for business success.
Keeping your options open is a philosophy to which many management teams subscribe, either overtly or by their actions. This isn’t to say that unwavering dogma is a good thing, but rather that a clear sense of direction, being prepared to say ‘no’ to ideas that don’t fit, and a commitment to achieving objectives, are crucial components of a successful firm.
For professional firms too much emphasis on the cover and not enough on the content has heralded the demise of many a branding initiative. Moreover, firms’ inability to walk the talk of their brand promises has sadly done more than waste oodles of money. It has actively disenfranchised clients and confused the market.
The trepidation with which David Bowie’s lyrics approach the topic of change is mirrored by the behaviours of management teams in professional firms everywhere.
Horses Choosing Courses – How Refreshing!
Every horse can win a race, but selecting the right race to run in is key. Law firms should choose the arenas best matched to their capabilities for differentiation and competitive advantage.
The ‘balanced scorecard’ has taken its place in the glossary of management terminology to such an extent that it is easy to assume all managing partners are fully conversant with the theory and are applying it to their firms on a daily basis. Neither of these assumptions is necessarily true, however.
The support departments in major law firms have proved as effective as their practice group counterparts at building edifices and creating silos.
The twelfth annual PM Forum Global Conference in September will address one of the biggest challenges facing professional service firms today; how does a firm create an environment in which innovative thinking can flourish, that allows clients and firms to create deep bonds and where the best ideas are used to create compelling marketing propositions?
A perplexing question: Are business development and knowledge management strange bedfellows or birds of a feather? The insightful answer: When boiled down to its base elements, all that a law firm does is leverage knowledge and leverage relationships.
Is Unqualified Success Possible in the 21st Century?
(January 2007) The credibility of marketing and marketers within professional services is a perennial issue. Many marketers in the sector find the low esteem in which they are held by the firms that employ them both frustrating and demotivating. However, credibility and the opportunities to do stretching and challenging work are not birthrights but must be earned. One of the foundations is a solid grounding in marketing theory coupled with its application to professional services.
Innovation is like managing a football team, everyone thinks that they can do it, a few people actually do it, but only a handful make a success of it. It is also widely recognised as being one of the most important pre-requisites for building a sustainable business in the 21st Century. But what is it? Why is it so important and how can we foster an innovative climate within the professional service sector?
What about the knowledge embedded in the relationship with the client or contact? Why isn't this seen as being and integral part of knowledge management by many law firms?
The strategic approach that you adopt for your firm is unlikely to provide a complete solution to the differentiation challenges that you face. This is because you will have to decide a practical path that reconciles your strategic theory with the reality of your firm and all of its idiosyncrasies, personalities, politics and taken-for-granted assumptions about the way that it operates.
In any business situation, it is crucial to make active choices about the battlefield on which you wish to compete. These choices also direct the investment of scarce resources within a firm, which need to be prioritised and aligned with clear strategic objectives.
Differentiation: Why does it matter?
There must be a clear framework that allows coherent decisions to be made about the future direction of the business. These decisions will not just guide marketing and sales activity but will also influence recruitment policy, IT strategy, working practices and indeed the whole shape of the business going forward. If the strategy fails to do this, then it isn’t a strategy, it’s just window dressing. | 2019-04-26T10:18:02Z | http://hedleyconsulting.com/pages/know.html |
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If you are not satisfied with your purchase, you can request a refund for up to 7 days from the purchase date. Refunds will only be given to 1st time buyers. | 2019-04-23T12:39:53Z | https://articleconnect.com/index/terms |
Now that California has been granted an additional two years to come into compliance with the U. S. Supreme Court’s order to reduce its prison population, we can only hope the best idea to come out of this fiasco is not lost. Early on, the federal judges overseeing the effort ordered the state to create a list of prisoners least likely to reoffend if released from prison: The Low-Risk List. Due to the recent two year extension, this most reasonable and completely logical idea remains in limbo.
The Public Policy Institute of California, a think tank, found 44% of the current prison population to be at low-risk for reoffending. Those presenting the lowest risk by far are prisoners over the age of 50, well past their crime-prone years, and who have already served decades behind bars.
There are some 27,500 prisoners over the age of 50 in California prisons. If only 55% of those (15,000) prisoners were found to be low-risk and released on alternative custody, the cost savings in one year alone would be $900 million. In one swoop: all these savings, and the prison population drops well below the mandated population reduction.
Here is the conundrum: The lowest risk prisoners, the best candidates for a successful parole, were convicted of serious crimes, including murder.
To even consider releasing a person who was convicted of murder seems unthinkable. Or is it? Perhaps this discussion is long overdue. Those so convicted have been released; that you are only now beginning to hear about them is not coincidental.
In the past, whenever this critical and sensitive conversation has looked to get started, a well-rehearsed media strategy would unfold. Select failed parolee horror stories would resurface - terrifying tragedies which are extremely painful to remember - and the subject of releasing any prisoners, much less those convicted of serious crimes, quietly went away.
Fear is a powerful motivator. Remind the general public of the most shocking, horrible crime stories in recent memory, and they will support any measure to keep all inmates locked up, preferably forever.
Catch phrase: “Public Safety.” Hashtag: “Propaganda par excellence."
The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation’s (CDCR’s) whopping 70% recidivism rate has been widely reported, but what the guard’s union, The California Correctional Peace Officers Association (CCPOA), and other special interest groups do not want you to know is that the rate of failed parole for inmates who were convicted of murder is less than one percent. 0.6% to be precise. Of the 860 people convicted of murder who were released between January 1995 and March 2011, only 5 were returned to prison, and none for murder, attempted murder, or assault and/or battery. This from the CDCR’s own 2011 Adult Institutions Outcome Evaluation Report. Numerous studies all conclude that the possibility of an old lifer who has been sitting behind bars for decades will commit a new serious or violent crime is virtually nonexistent.
So why mislead the public? Why proclaim these aging inmates are still dangerous when their own statistics prove otherwise? Why not just release them?
Simple: $60,000 per year, per inmate.
Sixty thousand dollars is the annual cost of incarceration for each inmate. (The costs increase exponentially with medical care for aging inmates.) Most taxpayers do not realize that the prison system is a nexus for profit. Inmates serving indeterminate sentences, such as life without parole (LWOP) and other life sentences are, quite literally, money in the bank. A young lifer, if he can reach the national male life expectancy of 72-76, can rack up more than $3 million in taxpayer funded expenses. Even a 50-year-old lifer, who has already served 20 or 30 years, is still good for another million. To release these breathing human commodities would decrease prison profits.
Once we understand that corrections is in fact a business, the CDCR’s $9.6 billion annual budget begins to make perfect sense. The guards’ union raises approximately $23 million per year, and spends roughly $8 million of it on lobbying. The likes of tobacco companies, pharmaceutical conglomerates, strip-mining coal companies, etc., hire lobbyists to manipulate legislature and laws to best serve their ability to maximize profit. So, too, the business of corrections.
The union has been one of the leading backers of tougher sentencing laws. It spend over $100,000 to pass the original Three Strikes law. It dropped another $1 million to defeat Prop 5, which would have reduced sentences for nonviolent crimes and allocated more resources to treating drug addiction. It spent over $1 million to beat Prop 66, which would have reduced the number of crimes that carry mandatory life sentences.
The prison industry will continue to do everything possible to ensure their growth, and at taxpayer expense. Misleading the public and scaring them into blind support is fair game. That politicians tow the line or risk losing their essential “tough on crime” credential is a given. Finally, exploit the grief of the victim’s families and there you have it - a sure-fire formula for the continued profiting from the warehousing of human beings. The bottom line: their job is to maximize and grow their share of the state budget.
One can’t help but wonder if there isn’t a pattern here, a pattern that stretches across the nation. Such a pattern could explain how it is that 41,000 men and women have been sentenced to die by imprisonment (LWOP) in the United States, while in the rest of the world there are, perhaps, 200 likewise sentenced. Just this past year the European Court of Human Rights ruled that life without the hope of parole is inhumane; they outlawed the practice on July 20, 2013. The U.S. represents 5% of the world’s population, and yet houses a disproportionate 25% of the world’s reported prisoners.
The implications are staggering. Objective professional analysis is needed here, and not the earnest though undoubtedly biased conjecturing offered by an indeterminate resident of the system in question.
Predictably, the Low-Risk List has been strenuously resisted by state officials. The guard union’s conspicuous silence can only mean they recognize the obvious: the issue of reducing prison population is best resolved without drawing attention to themselves. They have spent millions of dollars to promote the increase of prison population. To be exposed as a major contributing factor to prison overcrowding is not in their best interest. They do not want their agenda to become the narrative.
Unfortunately, the disconcerting reality is this union—which has been called “the country’s most powerful union”—can weather this or any storm. The effectiveness of their timely fear campaigns has secured the full support of the misled public, and the “keep ‘em all locked up” mindset is firmly in place. The palms of state officials from the governor’s office on down have been greased. “CCPOA spent nearly $2 million supporting Jerry Brown’s gubernatorial campaign. In the past ten years the union has contributed funds to ever current senator in California,” according to Sagar Jethani in the article cited above.
With their unmated lobbying muscle, working with politicians who do not dare resist their demands, and all the public support they could ever want, to think that this mighty union can be beat is a grand notion.
On the plus side is this window of opportunity where truth might at least have a chance to be heard. There will be hell to pay, and the window is small, but all we can do is try.
The bottom line remains: California is going to reduce its prison population, if only temporarily. Private prisons are the wave of the future for this state, especially now that the CCPOA has secured the right to operate these “private” warehouses. For the moment, let us pretend that a durable, cost effective solution to prison overcrowding is being sought (and not the continued push for expansion). In which case a long-term solution would be needed. The logical answer begins with sentencing reform. The abolition of indeterminate sentencing is imperative, though highly unlikely. Indeterminate sentences are the golden egg of the corrections business: keep as many warm bodies in the warehouse for as long as humanly possible. Release medium-to-high risk inmates as opposed to low risk inmates and, eventually, they will commit a violent crime, or at least catch a third strike, thus earning them an LWOP or life sentences. Repeat the cycle ad nauseum.
California has perfected this scheme and is the envy of correctional departments across the country. Due to their remarkable success, the guards’ union can guarantee their rank and file members a cool $73,000 per year (not including overtime pay, which often pushes the total to more than $100,000 per year), 60% above the national average for prison guards, which is about $45,000 per year.
So what can be done right now, as California faces its first of three court-ordered benchmarks (June 30, 2014) in which to come into compliance with the federal order to reduce its prison population?
Demand the release of those inmates who actually do top the Low-Risk List: older inmates who were convicted of serious crimes - including murder - decades ago.
This only seems like an outrageous suggestion and, truly, there is nothing here that is as it seems. The corrections business has spent millions of dollars to perpetuate misleading and utterly false impressions about prisoners, particularly the indeterminate sentences. The objective is to demonize beyond redemption LWOPs and lifers so that, frankly, the public will buy what is being sold: unfounded fear and unnecessary expansion.
More prisoners mean more prisons. More prisons, more prison guards. More guards, more guard union members, more dues and fund-raising capability, which ultimately translates into political influence.
The entire country has been conditioned to believe that indeterminate sentences are not only acceptable, but necessary. This did not happen accidentally; the outcome is the direct result of special interest fear campaigns. It has been such an easy sell because it appears perfectly logical. The fallacy is that all inmates, especially those who were convicted of serious crimes decades ago, are people to be feared. In fact, the opposite is true. These are not the ‘worst of the worst,’ these are actually the safest of the safe.
"For most offenses—and in most societies—crime rates rise in the early teenage years, peak during mid-to-late teens, and subsequently decline dramatically. Not only are most violent crimes committed by people under 30, but even the criminality that continues after that declines drastically after age 40 and even more after age 50. In California, specifically, CDCR’s newest recidivism report (October 2010) documents that inmates designated as serious or violent offenders, older inmates who serve 15 years or more, recidivated at a lower rate than those who were not."
Have no doubt, our politicians are well-informed about these and other studies, including extensive reports by Dr. James Austin, nationally recognized expert on corrections issues, that all come to the same conclusion: a large majority of the safest inmates overall were once considered the most dangerous. That our politicians are unwilling to publicly acknowledge this empirical evidence is perfectly understandable. They want to keep their jobs. Public perception is their guideline, their rule, they survive by public opinion polls and they are keenly aware of just how deeply the public has been affected by all the cunning and deception regarding prisoners and the criminal justice system. To take a stand and make the hard choices that would benefit California financially and safely would be political suicide. So they just keep supporting “tough on crime” policies, which do nothing for public safety and only serve to promote for-profit incarceration.
There are many long-term inmates who, right now, are involved inside in doing good work for others, because it is the right thing to do. Corrections studies cite example after example of such prisoners as being the least likely to reoffend. There are numerous factors, not the least of which is bottom-line economics, why such prisoners should no longer be behind bars. To be sure, there is the passage of time. The crimes that have defined these men and women happened so long ago they are simply not the same people any more. The intervening seasons of suffering the consequences of their actions has naturally matured and mellowed them with age. But more important is their remorse, and their accountability, and the dedication that many of these men and women have put into rehabilitating themselves, into becoming better people, people of whom their family and friends can be proud.
The Progressive Programming Facility at California State Prison, Los Angeles County, provides real life examples of this type of prisoner. The purpose of this voluntary program is to create an environment free from violence, drugs, and any type of counter-productive behavior. The program is for inmates who wish to participate in such self-help programs as Anger Management, Victims Awareness Houses of Healing, Parenting, Catalyst Foundation, Alcoholics & Narcotics Anonymous, and Lifer’s Therapy, to name a few. There are religious programs, veterans groups, art programs, music, writing, painting. There are literacy programs, GED tutoring, business classes, and degree programs from Coastline Community College.
Before an inmate can enter this program he must have five years clean: no drugs, no gang activity, no violence, no assaults on staff or inmates, or any serious rules violations. Only then may be signed an agreement to program constructively, progressively with all races, inmates and staff, and to actively participate in the self-help environment. The majority of prisoners in the PPF are serving indeterminate sentences. They are Lifers who, theoretically, can be released but have lived in prison for decades without a release date. And many are LWOPs. They endeavor to improve themselves in spite of a future that offers no hope of parole.
These are the people the prison industry wants you to fear. Remember this when the next fear campaign comes and the big push for prison expansion rolls around. The state will threaten the release of these very prisoners, who are actually the lowest risk inmates of all. They will mask them with the faces of a handful of the most notorious criminals in recent history. It would be wise to discern the difference between the true monsters and the prisoners who have dedicated their time behind bars to change.
To keep thing in perspective, nothing here is meant to imply these men are saints. These are convicted criminals: good behavior in prison does not exonerate, nor should it. Yet one truth should not cancel the other. Victims’ families still anguish; rehabilitation is possible. The two truths can co-exist.
The purpose here is to provide useful and factual information about a segment of prisoners who offer the utmost advantage: reducing prison population, creating savings to taxpayers, and posing very little threat to public safety. Rehabilitated prisoners make for a better, a safer society.
Fact: The men and women referred to in this article committed terrible crimes, long ago.
Fact: After many years of incarceration for these crimes, these same people are now the safest and suitable men and women for release.
The U. S. Supreme Court has ordered the State of California to reduce its prison population. In their wisdom and foresight they further directed the state to create the Low-Risk List and to release inmates accordingly, because it is the smartest and safest way to reduce the prison population, pure and simple. The state needs to identify and acknowledge the men and women who truly top the Low-Risk List, and then, after careful screening and on a case-by-case basis, those inmates should be released.
There really is no debate here, because nothing takes precedence over public safety. If prisoners must be released, then they should be the safest of all. | 2019-04-26T00:28:54Z | https://www.robertmoulthrop.com/news/the-california-conundrum |
Publications by authors named "Edoardo Casiglia"
J Hum Hypertens 2019 Mar 21. Epub 2019 Mar 21.
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, 2 Worts' Causeway, Cambridge, UK.
Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019 Jan 5;26(1):33-35. Epub 2018 Nov 5.
1 Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy.
Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova.
Heart 2018 08 9;104(15):1263-1270. Epub 2018 Feb 9.
Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Studies Coordinating Centre, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Eur J Prev Cardiol 2018 Jul 25;25(10):1055-1062. Epub 2018 Apr 25.
Istituto Auxologico Italiano and Centro Interuniversitario Fisiologia Clinica e Ipertensione, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Hypertens Res 2018 05 23;41(5):320-322. Epub 2018 Feb 23.
Hypertens Res 2018 05 13;41(5):323-325. Epub 2018 Mar 13.
Department of Medicine, University of Padova.
Hemodynamic Evaluation of Nonselective -Blockers in Patients with Cirrhosis and Refractory Ascites.
Gastroenterol Res Pract 2018 9;2018:4098210. Epub 2018 May 9.
Eur J Appl Physiol 2018 Mar 2;118(3):543-550. Epub 2018 Jan 2.
Department of Medicine, University of Padova, via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
Psychological Features of Hypnotizability: A First Step Towards Its Empirical Definition.
c Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford , California , USA.
On the way of liberation from suffering and pain: role of hypnosis in palliative care.
Ann Palliat Med 2018 Jan 25;7(1):63-74. Epub 2017 May 25.
Department FISSPA, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Am J Med 2017 08 31;130(8):967-974.e1. Epub 2017 Mar 31.
Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy.
Clin Nutr ESPEN 2017 Aug 29;20:52-59. Epub 2017 Apr 29.
Department of Medicine, Unit of Vascular Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani No. 2, 35128 Padua, Italy.
Hypertension 2017 07 8;70(1):50-58. Epub 2017 May 8.
From the Laboratorio de Neurociencias and Instituto Cardiovascular, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela (J.M., G.E.M.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville (G.E.M.); Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (K.A., Y.I.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.A., T.O.); Centro de Nefrología and Departamento de Fisiopatología, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay (J.B.); Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy (E.C.); the Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte and RCPH, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark (T.W.H.); KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (L.J., T.K., L.T., J.A.S.); Department of Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (J.J.); The First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (K.K.J., K.S.S.); Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluation, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (Y.L., J.-G.W.); Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia (T.K., S.M., Y.N.); and R & D Group VitaK, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (JAS).
Hypertension 2017 07 30;70(1):42-43. Epub 2017 May 30.
From the Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy.
Hypertension 2017 Jul 24. Epub 2017 Jul 24.
From the Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy (F.S., C.F., E.C., P.P.); Emergency Department, Town Hospital, San Daniele del Friuli, Italy (L.M.); and Department of Medicine, Town Hospital, Vittorio Veneto, Italy (Adriano Mazzer).
aDepartment of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova bEmergency Area, Town Hospital, San Daniele del Friuli cDepartment of Medicine, Town Hospital, Cremona, Italy.
Orthostatic hypotension: new views for an old problem.
aDepartment of Medicine, Laboratory of Epidemiology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy bInstitute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Masked tachycardia. A predictor of adverse outcome in hypertension.
aUniversity of Padova, Padua bUniversity of Perugia, Perugia, Italy cUniversity of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia dJichi University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi eTohoku University, Sendai fTeikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan gUniversity of Chieti, Chieti, Italy hColumbia University iStony Brook University, New York, New York, USA jFlinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia kHospital of Assisi, Assisi, Italy.
Beneficial role of terlipressin in decompensated cirrhotics with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
aMultivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology bDepartment of Medicine, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy.
Asymptomatic hyperuricemia is a strong risk factor for resistant hypertension in elderly subjects from general population.
Biomed Pharmacother 2017 Feb 24;86:590-594. Epub 2016 Dec 24.
Xanthine oxidase gene variants and their association with blood pressure and incident hypertension: a population study.
aDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands bStudies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium cFirst Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland dInstitute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation eDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padova, Padova fDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy gFaculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic hSchool of Nephrology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University iInstitute of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Centre of Research, Milan, Italy jVitaK R & D Group kDepartment of Epidemiology, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Sciences, and MaCSBio Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
The Cardiovascular Risk of White-Coat Hypertension.
Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Vasc Med 2016 10 19;21(5):422-428. Epub 2016 May 19.
Poor Reliability of Wrist Blood Pressure Self-Measurement at Home: A Population-Based Study.
Hypertension 2016 10 22;68(4):896-903. Epub 2016 Aug 22.
From the Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy.
Impact and pitfalls of scaling of left ventricular and atrial structure in population-based studies.
aKU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, The Research Unit of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium bDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA cDepartment of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy dFirst Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland eInstitute of Internal and Preventive Medicine and Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation fDepartment of Hypertension and Diabetology, Hypertension Unit, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland.
Int J Cardiol 2016 Jun 17;212:131-7. Epub 2016 Mar 17.
Management of the hypertensive patient with elevated heart rate: Statement of the Second Consensus Conference endorsed by the European Society of Hypertension.
aDepartment of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua bDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy cThe George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia dDepartment of Cardiology and LTTA Centre, University Hospital of Ferrara and Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM, Ferrara eClinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Universita'Milano-Bicocca and IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy fDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Okinawa, Japan gUniversity Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia hDepartment of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark iDivision of Hypertension, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA jDepartment of Cardiology, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway kUniversity of Milano-Bicocca and IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan lDepartment of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy and Medicina Interna Î, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso oClinica Nefrologica, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza pCentro Interuniversitario di Fisiologia Clinica e Ipertensione, University of Milan, and Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.
Doppler indexes of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in relation to the arterial stiffness in a general population.
aDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, The Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium bThe Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy cDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging and Dynamics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium dThe First Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland eStanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, California, USA fDepartment of Hypertension and Diabetology, Hypertension Unit, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
Mood Disorders in Uncontrolled Hypertension Despite Multiple Anti-Hypertensive Medications: Searching for a Link.
High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2016 Mar 4;23(1):41-6. Epub 2016 Jan 4.
Department of Medicine, Unit of Vascular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
Prognostic Value of Ambulatory Blood Pressure in the Obese: The Ambulatory Blood Pressure-International Study.
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2016 Feb 5;18(2):111-8. Epub 2015 Oct 5.
Hospital of Assisi, Assisi, Italy.
Body fat and the cognitive pattern: A population-based study.
University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England.
Nutraceuticals for Serum Lipid and Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive and Hypercholesterolemic Subjects at Low Cardiovascular Risk.
Adv Ther 2015 Jul 23;32(7):680-90. Epub 2015 Jul 23.
Hypertens Res 2015 Jun 26;38(6):380-1. Epub 2015 Mar 26.
1] Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Epidemiology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University of London, London, UK.
Top-down regulation of left temporal cortex by hypnotic amusia for rhythm: a pilot study on mismatch negativity.
a University of Padua and Italian Center for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis , Turin , Italy.
The ROVIGO study (risk of vascular complications: impact of genetics in old people): protocol, study design, and preliminary results of the initial survey : cardiovascular epidemiology in the elderly.
High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2015 Mar 23;22(1):73-8. Epub 2014 Oct 23.
Association of coffee consumption and CYP1A2 polymorphism with risk of impaired fasting glucose in hypertensive patients.
Eur J Epidemiol 2015 Mar 17;30(3):209-17. Epub 2015 Jan 17.
Regular physical activity is associated with improved small artery distensibility in young to middle-age stage 1 hypertensives.
Vasc Med 2014 Dec 3;19(6):458-64. Epub 2014 Nov 3.
Predictors of maternal and fetal complications in SLE patients: a prospective study.
Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
Setting thresholds to varying blood pressure monitoring intervals differentially affects risk estimates associated with white-coat and masked hypertension in the population.
Hypertension 2014 Nov 18;64(5):935-42. Epub 2014 Aug 18.
Age-specific differences between conventional and ambulatory daytime blood pressure values.
Hypertension 2014 Nov 2;64(5):1073-9. Epub 2014 Sep 2.
Left ventricular diastolic function associated with common genetic variation in ATP12A in a general population.
BMC Med Genet 2014 Nov 4;15:121. Epub 2014 Nov 4.
KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Added predictive value of night-time blood pressure variability for cardiovascular events and mortality: the Ambulatory Blood Pressure-International Study.
Hypertension 2014 Sep 16;64(3):487-93. Epub 2014 Jun 16.
From the Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy (P.P., E.C.); Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (G.R.); School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (L.J.B.); Department of Medicine, Jichi University, Tochigi, Japan (K.E., K.K.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (Y.I., T.O.); Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (T.O.); Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy (S.D.P.); Division of General Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (J.E.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, New York, NY (J.E.S.); School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (L.W.); and Unità operativa complessa di Medicina, Ospedale di Assisi, Italy (P.V.).
Heritability and other determinants of left ventricular diastolic function in the family-based population study.
aThe First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland bResearch Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium cHypertension Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia dThe Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy eHypertension Unit, Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland fThe Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation. *Both authors contributed equally to this work.
Ambulatory hypertension subtypes and 24-hour systolic and diastolic blood pressure as distinct outcome predictors in 8341 untreated people recruited from 12 populations.
Circulation 2014 Aug 6;130(6):466-74. Epub 2014 Jun 6.
Risk stratification by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring across JNC classes of conventional blood pressure.
Am J Hypertens 2014 Jul 26;27(7):956-65. Epub 2014 Feb 26.
Blood pressure load does not add to ambulatory blood pressure level for cardiovascular risk stratification.
Hypertension 2014 May 17;63(5):925-33. Epub 2014 Feb 17.
Outcome-driven thresholds for ambulatory pulse pressure in 9938 participants recruited from 11 populations.
Hypertension 2014 Feb 9;63(2):229-37. Epub 2013 Dec 9.
Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, Block D, Box 7001, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
How many measurements are needed to estimate blood pressure variability without loss of prognostic information?
Am J Hypertens 2014 Jan 16;27(1):46-55. Epub 2013 Aug 16.
Departamento de Informática, Universidad Politécnica de Sinaloa, Mazatlán, México.
Orthostatic hypotension does not increase cardiovascular risk in the elderly at a population level.
Am J Hypertens 2014 Jan 23;27(1):81-8. Epub 2013 Sep 23.
Target sequencing, cell experiments, and a population study establish endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene as hypertension susceptibility gene.
Hypertension 2013 Nov 9;62(5):844-52. Epub 2013 Sep 9.
Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Campus Sint Rafaël, Kapucijnenvoer 35, Block D, Box 7001, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Neurol Res Int 2013 22;2013:597034. Epub 2013 Oct 22.
Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.
Clin Nutr 2013 Oct 28;32(5):811-8. Epub 2012 Dec 28.
Letter by Tikhonoff et al regarding article, "dietary fiber intake and risk of first stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
Stroke 2013 Sep 11;44(9):e109. Epub 2013 Jul 11.
Neurol Sci 2013 May 30;34(5):621-7. Epub 2012 Nov 30.
Department of Internal Medicine, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy.
Am J Hypertens 2013 May 7;26(5):665-72. Epub 2013 Feb 7.
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Studies Coordinating Centre, Division of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Hypertension 2013 May 11;61(5):964-71. Epub 2013 Mar 11.
Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
Measuring regional arterial stiffness in patients with peripheral artery disease: innovative technology.
Hypertens Res 2013 Mar 29;36(3):191-3. Epub 2012 Nov 29.
Central blood pressure is an independent predictor of future hypertension in young to middle-aged stage 1 hypertensives.
Blood Press 2013 Feb 25;22(1):9-16. Epub 2012 Sep 25.
Relationship between GFR and albuminuria in stage 1 hypertension.
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2013 Jan 27;8(1):59-66. Epub 2012 Sep 27.
Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padua, Italy.
Hypertension 2013 Jan 19;61(1):18-26. Epub 2012 Nov 19.
Centro de Nefrología and Departamento de Fisiopatología, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Does home blood pressure allow for a better assessment of the white-coat effect than ambulatory blood pressure?
Relaxation versus fractionation as hypnotic deepening: do they differ in physiological changes?
Department of Medicine, University of Padova and Italian Centre for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, Torino, Italy.
Factors associated with glomerular hyperfiltration in the early stage of hypertension.
Am J Hypertens 2012 Sep 7;25(9):1011-6. Epub 2012 Jun 7.
Clinica Medica 4, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Cognitive functions and cognitive reserve in relation to blood pressure components in a population-based cohort aged 53 to 94 years.
Int J Hypertens 2012 4;2012:274851. Epub 2012 Apr 4.
Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2-VIII Floor, 35128 Padova, Italy.
Arterial stiffness, central hemodynamics, and cardiovascular risk in hypertension.
Vasc Health Risk Manag 2011 7;7:725-39. Epub 2011 Dec 7.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
Measured outcomes with hypnosis as an experimental tool in a cardiovascular physiology laboratory.
Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
The C825T GNB3 polymorphism, independent of blood pressure, predicts cerebrovascular risk at a population level.
Am J Hypertens 2012 Apr 19;25(4):451-7. Epub 2012 Jan 19.
Significance of white-coat hypertension in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension: a meta-analysis using the International Database on Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Relation to Cardiovascular Outcomes population.
Hypertension 2012 Mar 17;59(3):564-71. Epub 2012 Jan 17.
Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Age dependency of central and peripheral systolic blood pressures: cross-sectional and longitudinal observations in European populations.
Blood Press 2012 Feb 7;21(1):58-68. Epub 2011 Jul 7.
The First Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
Department of Medico-Surgical Specialities, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, Padua, Italy.
Antihypertensive Treatment in the Elderly and Very Elderly: Always "the Lower, the Better?".
Int J Hypertens 2012 22;2012:590683. Epub 2011 Sep 22.
Department of Internal Medicine, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, 45100 Rovigo, Italy.
BP reactivity to public speaking in stage 1 hypertension: influence of different task scenarios.
Blood Press 2011 Oct 15;20(5):290-5. Epub 2011 Mar 15.
Clinica Medica 4, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
Dietary iron intake and cardiovascular outcome in Italian women: 10-year follow-up.
J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2011 Oct 12;20(10):1565-71. Epub 2011 Aug 12.
The risk of subsequent cancer and arterial cardiovascular events in patients with superficial vein thrombosis in the legs.
Blood 2011 Oct 31;118(17):4719-22. Epub 2011 Aug 31.
Neuropsychologia 2011 Oct 30;49(12):3346-50. Epub 2011 Aug 30.
Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Neurol Int 2011 Jul 29;3(2):e12. Epub 2011 Sep 29.
Hypertens Res 2011 Jun 10;34(6):714-21. Epub 2011 Feb 10.
The Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Hypertension 2011 Mar 24;57(3):397-405. Epub 2011 Jan 24.
Studies Coordinating Centre, Laboratory of Hypertension, University of Leuven, Campus Sint Rafaël, Kapucijnenvoer 35, Block D, Level 00, Box 7001, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Hypertension 2010 Apr 8;55(4):1040-8. Epub 2010 Mar 8.
Division of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Studies Coordinating Centre, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. | 2019-04-23T10:58:15Z | https://www.pubfacts.com/author/Edoardo+Casiglia |
Resuming the debate adjourned on July 9, 2014, on the motion for an address in reply to the speech of His Honour the Lieutenant Governor at the opening of the session.
Ms. Soo Wong: It is truly a privilege to rise in this House on behalf of the riding of Scarborough–Agincourt, and to speak on the throne speech and the priorities of this government. I’d like to begin my remarks this morning by thanking the residents of Scarborough–Agincourt for their vote of confidence and trust to re-elect me as their member of provincial Parliament.
I also want to acknowledge His Honour the Honourable David C. Onley for delivering his last throne speech in this Legislature, and for his contribution to this great province.
Ontario’s 41st Parliament reflects a diverse, inclusive, one Ontario, where there were more women elected to this chamber, including the election of our first female Premier, in this great province.
On June 12, Ontarians made their voices heard and chose an approach that is balanced but also compassionate. As the throne speech phrases it, they chose a government that will build from the “activist centre.” Leading from the activist centre is what the people of Ontario have asked us to do. The throne speech puts evidence before ideology and chooses co-operation and partnership over partisanship. This direction fully chooses to acknowledge the challenges facing this province and commits to working with people from all parts of this province, from all backgrounds, and to find solutions in moving Ontario forward. Together we will build more opportunities and provide security for all Ontarians.
To start, we must acknowledge that our economy is still recovering from the economic downturns of the 1990s and late 2000s, and that our government continues to make investments to strengthen our economic positions. We have great potential that is yet to be realized. We have the right resources and the right people to attract business and create jobs.
I’m very pleased to see that our government’s top priority is to grow the economy and create good jobs in every region of this province; hence the provincial government will create partnerships through the Jobs and Prosperity Fund. This new fund will help to create more good jobs in traditional and emerging industries, and bring much-needed investment to regions still recovering from the impact of the global recession. Sectors like advanced manufacturing, automotive, agri-food, information and communications technology, and media and culture will benefit from this fund.
I’m also very pleased at some of the first two government bills tabled in this Legislature early this week by the Minister of Economic Development, Employment and Infrastructure: Bill 6, An Act to enact the Infrastructure for Jobs and Prosperity Act, 2014, and Bill 7, An Act to enact the Burden Reduction Reporting Act, 2014 and the Partnerships for Jobs and Growth Act, 2014. These two pieces of legislation will continue to attract job creators and grow our economy.
Furthermore, the proposed Jobs and Prosperity Fund will enable communities from across Ontario to win the global competition for jobs and attract foreign direct investment and create jobs.
During the election, I heard from many families in my riding of Scarborough–Agincourt about youth unemployment. In the throne speech, the provincial government stated that it will provide opportunities for our youth by extending the youth jobs strategy to help more young people to find promising careers and by supporting the largest apprenticeship system in Ontario’s history. I know many Ontario youth are getting the education, but they are struggling to find jobs that match their education training. Through Ontario’s Youth Jobs Strategy, the Ontario government is committed to find positions for 30,000 youths across Ontario. I know this plan is working. To date, over 150 youths in Scarborough–Agincourt have found employment through the Ontario Youth Employment Fund.
We know that once you have a job, you need to find a way to get to the job, and that’s why our government is committed to investing $29 billion over the next 10 years for transit and public infrastructure. We know that Ontarians want to see a reduction in gridlock, and I know that in my riding of Scarborough–Agincourt, they want to spend less time in traffic jams and more time with their families and in their own communities. For too long, our public transit system has been neglected. Meanwhile, decades of growth and development have left our public transit system outdated, and populations like my riding of Scarborough–Agincourt have been underserved. That is why our government has committed $15 billion towards transit projects in the greater Toronto and Hamilton area. We need to get Ontarians moving, and it is the right thing to do for our economy but also for the people of our province.
We also know that we need our federal and municipal partners to work with us. That is why, in the throne speech, we have committed our government to work with other levels of government to find the best solutions and the right investments in terms of public transit.
Part of what is setting Ontario apart from other jurisdictions in North America is a commitment to strong, publicly funded education. Furthermore, it is a comprehensive education system that supports our children and youth from birth to job force.
Our provincial government knows that investment in early childhood education gives our children the early start they need to succeed. We believe in and respect our front-line workers, like early childhood educators. The provincial government is demonstrating our appreciation for the important role they play in our education system by increasing the wages of these hard-working, dedicated front-line workers who have an important task in looking after Ontario’s youngest citizens.
Because of the leadership and the vision of this side of the House, full-day kindergarten will be available across Ontario this fall, including in all 28 public elementary schools in Scarborough–Agincourt.
Our schools continue to rank as some of the best in the English-speaking world, and our children continue to prove themselves to be leaders and innovators. I’m pleased that the throne speech includes the implementation of Achieving Excellence, a plan to take public education in Ontario from great to excellent by continuing to improve learning. It enables young people to prepare to lead in the global economy.
As young people transition from high school into college or university, our government is working to help students make the most of the opportunities available to them. We will continue to provide 30% off tuition grants that have already been received by over 400,000 students province-wide since 2012. I know many young people in my riding of Scarborough–Agincourt, like Christian, Winnie, Judy, Akehil and the Steve Gracey girls—I know you’re watching this morning—who recently graduated from local high schools will benefit from this tuition grant.
The Ontario government is committed to investing in and supporting our young people by building new campuses in Ontario and increasing access to French-language programs for francophone Ontarians. Furthermore, our government plans to launch Experience Ontario, a plan to help recent high school graduates experience real work opportunities in order to better help them choose a path in life that best suits their talents and their convictions.
In order to build Ontario for tomorrow, the throne speech made a key commitment to public education, and it’s also a priority for our government.
We know Ontarians are leaders when it comes to climate change. Our government’s elimination of coal power generation is the most significant climate change initiative in North America.
Yesterday Minister Murray announced the reintroduction of the Ending Coal for Cleaner Air Act to highlight our new Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change that will build on the historic phasing out of the coal power plants. I’m proud of the work that this government has done to improve environmental sustainability, but I know more needs to be done on this issue.
Unpredictable and extreme weather can have a significant impact on our economy and livelihood. This is something that’s well understood in my riding of Scarborough–Agincourt. The ice storm and severe winter weather that hit our community last winter left many residents in my riding without power and shut down roads and businesses.
Our government responded quickly and provided much-needed support to displaced families and individuals. I was proud to join many of the volunteers who helped out in the warming centres and knocked on doors to ensure individuals and families were safe in their homes.
We need to do everything we can in this Legislature to prevent these storms from having such dramatic effects on our communities. That is why our government is committed to continue to work to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and address climate change.
We know that climate change is not something our province can work at alone and resolve but that’s why we continue to work with our federal partners to address climate change at a more global scale.
On June 12, we heard loud and clear that Ontarians want to see an open and transparent government. The throne speech clearly stated the government will reintroduce the Public Sector and MPP Accountability and Transparency Act. On July 8, Minister Matthews reintroduced this bill that strengthens accountability, oversight and transparency across government and the broader public sector.
If passed, it will give more powers to the Integrity Commissioner to investigate and punish wrongdoing and strengthen the laws on the retention of government documents. The Public Sector and MPP Accountability and Transparency Act will give the provincial government the power to control compensation of senior executives in the broader public sector, provide greater oversight and accountability of arm’s-length government agencies, thus ensuring Ontarians’ tax dollars are spent wisely.
In my riding, the residents want and expect an open and transparent government from this province. In the throne speech the government acknowledged that trust is hard to earn but easily lost. Hence, every day our government is committed to working hard to earn the trust of Ontarians.
On June 12, we also heard that Ontarians want the government to attract jobs and make the right strategic investments. At the same time, we cannot ignore the fiscal realities that we are living in. Already the Ontario government spends less per capita on programs than any province in Canada. Our throne speech reaffirms our commitment to not add any fiscal pressure on Ontario families. We will not raise the HST, the gas tax or the personal income tax of middle-class Ontarians. Instead, we’re asking the top earners to pay a little bit more. This is essential as we work to eliminate the deficit and reduce the debt burden in a responsible manner.
Ontarians also expect that this government is careful with how they spend their dollars. That is why we created the new position of the President of the Treasury Board, a position that will help our government to stay on track to reach our fiscal targets. In this new role, the president will improve accountability and transparency while overseeing the crown agencies, boards and commissions. This position will also assist with labour relations and make sure that both employees and Ontarians are receiving the best possible deal.
The throne speech also clearly lays out our government’s commitment to introduce a new poverty reduction strategy. It will build on the gains made with Breaking the Cycle, Ontario’s first poverty reduction strategy that got 47,000 children out of poverty, and prevent more from falling into it. As a government, we have already taken measures to address childhood poverty by increasing the Ontario Child Benefit. Through legislation, our government aims to index future annual increases to inflation so that low-income families do not fall further behind.
To ensure fairness to workers and families, legislation will be introduced to increase Ontario’s minimum wage annually at the rate of inflation. I believe it is the right thing to do. Yesterday I brought a petition into the House about just that. Residents in my riding of Scarborough–Agincourt expect the government to work with them, thus increasing the protection for Ontario’s vulnerable workers.
The Ontario government will also expand its commitment to expand our Community Homelessness Prevention Initiative and investment in our Affordable Housing Program. This expansion will increase the support for developmental services and increase investments in the Mental Health and Addictions Strategy. Some of us in this chamber including you, Mr. Speaker, were part of the select committee to deal with developmental services. We heard time and time again, from the various witnesses across Ontario their concern about the issue of affordable housing and access to affordable housing for those individuals who need it, especially for those with developmental disabilities.
So our plan in Ontario is the right plan for all Ontarians. It is a plan that builds Ontario up. In the case of public transit and infrastructure, we’re literally building it up. I know that the people of Scarborough–Agincourt, where I come from, will appreciate this building up of Ontario.
Tackling gridlock, improving public transit and creating jobs, growing the economy and helping Ontarians have more time with their family instead of being stuck in traffic—all of us have those experiences. Just this morning when I was travelling from my riding here, it took me more time—even though this is a summer month—than normal to get here. So I know Ontarians expect us to address their traffic concerns.
It is also a plan that will respect the ideals of accountability and transparency. That way Ontarians can be confident that the decisions made in this government are the right decisions at the right time, and done in an open and an honest manner.
Our plan is also making the right investments to spur growth, create jobs and support our children, and address those challenges that are facing Ontario. We’ve all seen those challenges across Ontario; we don’t have to look far. Recent tragedies in my colleague’s riding, the member from Eglinton—that tragedy. Yes, we need to do more, and the government is addressing that piece.
We also have to attack the youth unemployment rate—I heard that yesterday and from previous speakers about the throne speech. We all acknowledge our youth unemployment rate in Ontario is not acceptable. Here in Ontario, we will be addressing this.
As well, we also need to be a leader when it comes to climate change because we know that climate change is not just about a one-time storm but that it also affects our livelihood. It also creates potential tragedy. Hopefully we can try to prevent that.
Our government knows that we cannot find a solution alone. That’s why in the throne speech we asked all Ontarians to work together and form a partnership, and again commit ourselves to working with partnerships at all levels of government. Ontarians ask us to work in partnership, not in partisanship. I look forward to, in this session, working with all members of this House but also asking all Ontarians to come together despite various political convictions to build Ontario up.
The Deputy Speaker (Mr. Bas Balkissoon): Questions and comments? The member for Caledon.
Ms. Sylvia Jones: Dufferin–Caledon. Don’t lose half of my riding, Speaker.
The Deputy Speaker (Mr. Bas Balkissoon): It has been a long break.
Ms. Sylvia Jones: I know. It’s great to see you back in the Chair.
I just want to comment briefly. Part of what the member spoke about was lauding and applauding the fact that there would be, and I believe I quote you properly when I say, “Full-day kindergarten available in every school across Ontario.” I beg to differ. Actually, if you speak to your member from Newmarket, I’m sure that he will give you some very specific examples of communities and schools that will not be offering full-day kindergarten in the coming fall session. So it’s important that people understand: Full-day kindergarten will not be available in every single school in Ontario. While I appreciate that I cannot correct another member’s record, I think it’s important to get some facts out there. Perhaps if she could, as I say, talk to her member from Newmarket–Aurora, she would understand that there are some very specific examples and quite heated debates about it.
Mr. Michael Mantha: I was listening very closely to the comments the member from Scarborough–Agincourt was providing during her 20-minute speech. She talked a lot about co-operation, collaboration and partnership. I’m looking forward to seeing that happen. It’s something that I strived for in the last Legislature, where we sat here and there were a lot of ideas that were provided from our caucus that, yes, were taken in by the government, which enhanced and made the lives of Ontarians that much better. I look forward to seeing some of that.
Again, I need to stress that I’m a little bit concerned with the tone that I’m hearing from across the way. There is definitely some very—anyways, I’m just concerned with some of the tone that I’m hearing.
I also heard how important transportation is for the member in her particular area. Coming from northern Ontario, it’s imperative that we get a good transportation strategy coming from this government. We’ve lost—well, we haven’t lost it yet, but we’re still fighting for it; we’ve got to make sure that we maintain the transportation that we need. What we’re talking about is not particularly mechanical pieces of equipment, although the ONTC falls under that, and we would love to see the ONTC return to northern Ontario because it helps our economy and it helps industry. We need to see investment into the roads that are going to be in northern Ontario, not only in building those roads and bridges but also maintaining them. It is a huge concern for people in northern Ontario.
We’re going to be providing those solutions. They were part of our campaign, so I would encourage the member: Look at some of those ideas, and when we do bring them as solutions, take them in.
Hon. David Zimmer: The throne speech was entitled Building Ontario Up. A lengthy speech, 16 pages, but in two minutes, how would one summarize the gist of the throne speech; that is, our plan for the next four years?
There are four key points in the throne speech when you distill it down to its essence. Number 1, we want to build the talents and skills of our people through education and training, and we’re going to do that for everyone in Ontario. The second point is, we want to build better public transit in cities and better roads to connect towns with rural and remote communities that feed Ontario’s prosperity. The third point is, we want to build a competitive business climate through partnerships with the private sector and increased trade missions that will guarantee good job opportunities for today’s workforce and lead to the next generation of jobs in Ontario. And the fourth point is, we want to build a retirement security plan with a made-in-Ontario pension plan that puts a comfortable and secure retirement on the horizon for every worker.
Speaker, if you read through it, and I urge anyone watching this telecast this morning—if you were to read through the 16 pages of the throne speech, those four points that I’ve just outlined distill what we’re trying to do here in Ontario. With a majority government, we are committed to making sure that those four key points that are explained in greater detail in the 16-page throne speech are covered. That’s why the throne speech is entitled Building Ontario Up: because since the recession set in in 2008, there have been some very difficult times. We are now in a rebuilding phase. Those are the four key points covered in the throne speech. I urge the audience to consider reading it in its full detail.
The Deputy Speaker (Mr. Bas Balkissoon): Questions and comments? There being none, response?
Ms. Soo Wong: I want to thank the members from Dufferin–Caledon, Algoma–Manitoulin, and the Minister of Aboriginal Affairs.
I heard very loud and clear my colleague from Algoma–Manitoulin talking about the transit piece. I think that across Ontario, Ontarians expect us and this government to address the whole issue of transit, and that’s why in this throne speech we made a commitment of $29 billion, of which $14 billion is addressing northern and rural areas and $15 billion is for the greater Toronto and Hamilton area.
I also know that across Ontario, Ontarians expect that this government will continue to improve the lives of all Ontarians, because at the end of the day, why are people electing us to government if we’re not going to improve their everyday lives? The most important part of the throne speech, Mr. Speaker, is focusing on jobs. My colleague the Minister of Aboriginal Affairs talks about rebuilding and also addressing many of the key priorities of the government, from jobs to public education to public transit, but also making sure Ontario continues to be a fair and just society, as well as at the same time making sure Ontario continues to grow and to spend within its means.
I want to thank everybody who contributed to my debate, but also to encourage all of us to work collaboratively and partnership-wise, like my colleague from Algoma–Manitoulin talked about earlier. We need to work together in partnership, not as adversaries in partisanship.
The Deputy Speaker (Mr. Bas Balkissoon): Further debate? The member for Lambton–Kent–Middlesex.
Mr. Monte McNaughton: Thank you very much, Speaker. Before I get going, allow me to congratulate our Speaker, the MPP from Brant, who was in the Chair earlier, on his re-election as Speaker. Congratulations to you, as well, on your role, and the other deputy speakers.
Speaker, I will be the last PC MPP speaking to the throne speech. It is an honour to rise and speak for the first time since the 41st Parliament was elected and an honour to rise to help respond to the throne speech on behalf of the official opposition. I want to spend a few moments thanking some people in my riding of Lambton–Kent–Middlesex who are very important to me. They volunteered and worked on our vision for a better Ontario and took time out of their busy lives to improve democracy.
Before I do that, I want to welcome the new members of provincial Parliament. Congratulations on your election victories. I’ve had the opportunity to meet a number of you, and let me say that I can see why and how you were elected. You bring many talents and strengths to this office, and I wish you, in all sincerity, the best of luck, and my most sincere congratulations on your electoral success.
I can remember when I was first elected in 2011. I can remember standing in this House and delivering my first speech, my maiden address. I remember taking the time to thank and recognize the previous office-holder in my riding, Liberal MPP Maria Van Bommel, for her efforts, and I can remember reading the remarks in that very first speech. It’s a special time, and I applaud all members of this House on their election and re-election.
Speaker, for those of us who are returning and for those who are watching at home, I think all will agree that we need to improve the decorum in this place. Members on all sides of the House have an opportunity to do this, as it is the new beginning of a new session, a new Parliament, and we have four and a half years until the next election. Speaker, we need to raise the bar in Ontario on how we do politics. I, for one, admit that, and I and others here have a role to play in this. I know it is something that your office has worked tirelessly on yourself. I think that the people of this province want us to work together, raise the decorum at Queen’s Park, and change the way we do politics, and I know it’s something that I’m committed to doing. This is something that I heard, and I’m sure all MPPs heard, throughout the recent election campaign, something that I heard at the doors, whether they were blue doors, red doors or orange doors, and something that I know to be true. But, Speaker, with the new class of MPPs, as I have said, we have the opportunity to do things differently and we have the opportunity to change the way politics is done here in our province. Moving forward, we have the opportunity to make positive changes, starting here at Queen’s Park.
People all over Ontario are discouraged at the direction we’re heading in, discouraged at the current employment prospects and discouraged with their own situation, but in the long term, the residents of Ontario like myself and like members of the official opposition remain optimistic that our best days remain ahead of us, and that we will turn the corner and begin to see improvements and gains here in our province. It’s going to take effort and hard work and it’s going to take some sacrifice now, but with this, better days are ahead. I know this because of the heart and because of the talent of the people in my riding of Lambton–Kent–Middlesex who rolled up their sleeves and got involved in the recent provincial election.
Of course, Speaker, I need to recognize and thank my parents, Gary and Susan McNaughton; my sister, Nicole Windsor, and her husband, Jeff; my niece, Aleks; my brother, Mike, and his wife, Monica; my nephew, Jordan, and niece, Sydney; Paul Gunning; Don Adams; Dale Maris; Evelyn Towers; Bonnie and Gerald Gallant; Scott Bork; Rick Devolder; Bill Namink; and members of my office staff: Eileen McCoy, John Fraser, Jena Sasko and Joshua Workman, not to mention the hundreds of others who took a sign, knocked on doors in their neighbourhood, distributed literature or simply attended an event; and the voters, those who took the time from their busy lives to come out and vote and come out and participate in our democracy. Thank you.
As I say, Speaker, it’s from people like this and their passion and enthusiasm for Ontario that I know deep down that the residents of Ontario, like myself and MPPs here, are very optimistic that we can roll up our sleeves to start to turn things around.
Along with these folks, I was very lucky to have a group of lifelong Liberals in my riding supporting me as well. I work hard to serve everyone in our community, and it certainly helped at campaign time. Former Kent county Liberal member of Parliament Rex Crawford played a big role in my campaign, as did former Middlesex Liberal MP Garnet Bloomfield. A former federal Liberal candidate and former mayor of Wallaceburg, Jeff Wesley, assisted me at the grand opening of our Wallaceburg office and was a key adviser on my team, as was former Liberal member of Parliament Rose-Marie Ur’s four-time campaign manager Dr. Thomas Wolder of Strathroy.
It was a fun group down in Lambton–Kent–Middlesex and a fun campaign. We were able to work for all the people in our first term. I thank our office team the most for their outstanding customer service.
We have a customer service guarantee in our riding offices. If a constituent calls or writes, they’d better have a phone call back to them and some action on their file within 24 hours. I try to make those calls myself. It is something I learned in the retail business, something that is very important to me and something that I most strongly recommend to the new MPPs in this House. I hope they consider implementing this policy in their offices. I think it helps the people in this province that we’re elected to serve.
Most importantly, I must also take a moment to recognize my wife, Kate Bartz, and my daughter, Annie. In fact, the day of the election, our daughter, Annie, turned 10 months old. I always thought that was going to be my good luck charm, Speaker, and it most certainly was. As some of you can tell by following me on Twitter or Facebook, or if you see our family at Queen’s Park or in our community, my wife and daughter are my life. They are one of the reasons why I’m so passionate about politics in Ontario and why I want to dedicate my time here to make things better for our generation and the next.
I remember how I got interested in politics at a very young age—in grade 6, as a matter of fact. It was reading about my grandfather, Jack McNaughton, and how he worked for a couple of decades at having a hospital built in a southwestern Ontario town called Newbury, my hometown. My grandfather passed away at a young age, a number of years before I was born, but it was reading about how he worked and worked to have his dream of that town having a hospital built that got me interested in politics all the way back in grade 6. He literally dedicated a large portion of his life to seeing his dream realized, but it was a dream to have a hospital built for the people of that region. This, to me, is what service and dedication is all about.
This is why each of us is here in this building and why we have been elected by our communities. We are here to make things better for average, everyday, ordinary people in this province. It’s not about red ridings or blue ridings or orange ridings. It’s not about urban or rural, new Canadian versus old. It’s not about union worker or non-union worker. It is about all of Ontario and rebuilding this province again to make it the leader in Canada that it very well should be.
Unfortunately, the recent throne speech, which was delivered on July 3 by our Lieutenant Governor, signals the same unrealistic and unaffordable plan that the government brought forward prior to the election. It was very clearly stated that the government intends to reintroduce the same budget tabled in this chamber on May 1 and anticipates its speedy passage after its introduction.
We do have some concerns about this budget and the direction that the current government is outlining, as I suspect a certain segment of the population in the province does as well.
June will likely mark the 90th consecutive month our province’s unemployment rate has been higher than the national average. For those who were here as part of the 40th Parliament, you will know that the monthly job numbers are something that I and other MPPs like to keep track of. I think it’s an important metric for MPPs to have in their mind when we’re doing the work here at Queen’s Park on behalf of the people. If people aren’t working, if there aren’t good jobs for the people of our communities, our work is not complete.
Our energy rates are the highest in North America. Businesses and job creators are literally pulling their investments from Ontario and moving them south of the border in search of cheaper energy, and this is costing all of our communities.
Of course, the debt outlook—and we’ve heard a lot about that this week—has recently been changed from stable to negative by Moody’s, which will surely lead at some point to higher interest rates and the underfunding of more services like we’ve seen in the past, whether that’s home care, seniors physiotherapy or nursing.
Earlier in the week, our leader, MPP Jim Wilson, outlined how, because interest rates today are at 20-year lows, they can only go up and how each one-point increase in interest rates will equal a $3-billion increase in our interest payments—this is some scary stuff. I know in my riding a number of municipal mayors have brought this up because they understand that a credit downgrade will affect our local towns and cities as well.
When the interest rates start to rise, just at the time that families in Ontario will begin to get squeezed on their credit cards, on their mortgages and on their car payments, that’s when the province will likewise begin to feel the same squeeze; that’s when our province will be forced to react and forced to make serious choices. I fear that this is when the government will begin to cut back on important front-line services that Ontario residents count on day in and day out.
Why does this matter? Well, it matters because the third-largest expenditure in government, after health care and education, is the interest on money borrowed. I know a number of MPPs have brought this up a number of times, but I think it bears being brought up once again. Ontario currently spends $11 billion per year on this interest. This money doesn’t pay for anything new, just on interest payments for previous spending—$11 billion per year gone on interest payments alone. Make no doubt, we have major challenges in this province, but most importantly, families are struggling and people are having trouble making ends meet.
In southwestern Ontario, where I’m from, we’re seeing record numbers of factories closing. People in my riding who made $40 an hour five years ago, some of them are now making $12.50, while their expenses and daily costs are continuing to rise. This is just a fact of life right now. Again, I think all MPPs of all stripes are hearing this story.
I grew up working in our family’s hardware store. We sold hardware, building supplies and car parts. We have 65 employees, some of the best people and hardest workers that you’ll ever meet. Up until I was elected in 2011, I continued working in our small business. Working in the store made me really see struggles that everyday, regular people have on a daily basis. I was one to spend as much time as possible serving customers on the floor—I’m not one to sit in an office. It was important for me to know exactly what our customers were thinking.
I bring this with me to this job, as many other MPPs do in this chamber as well. These are the people we must be thinking about, and these are the people who are being left behind in Ontario today. They don’t have fancy organizations and expensive lobbyists representing them and they don’t have the press gallery’s daily attention, but these ordinary, everyday people are the ones we need to be thinking of when we work and debate here at Queen’s Park. Sometimes I get the sense that governments of all political stripes, and in all time periods, forget what those people who walk in the doors of a hardware store are thinking. We must never forget. These are people out there facing challenges, very serious challenges. It’s why we need to ensure that taxes are affordable, that government is the least intrusive possible so that people can focus their time on building their careers and looking after their families.
Speaker, these are interesting times here in our province. I’m pleased and honoured and very humbled to have been re-elected by the residents of Lambton–Kent–Middlesex to continue to serve as their MPP, and I’m pleased to be here as part of the 41st Parliament with many other MPPs from across the province.
My mission over the next four-plus years will be to bring forward good, solid ideas, bring them here to Queen’s Park for debate, for discussion and hopefully for implementation. I want to stand up for the everyday, ordinary Ontario resident, to stand up for Main Street, not Bay Street. There is a lot of work to be done, and as a young father who helped run a family business before I was elected, I know that the future of our province is at stake.
Once again, congratulations to all MPPs on their election on June 12, and I look forward to working with you over the next four years.
Mr. Taras Natyshak: It’s a pleasure to rise to respond to my colleague, my friend from Lambton–Kent–Middlesex on his response—his speech to the throne speech.
I want to congratulate the member from Lambton–Kent–Middlesex. He and I were elected in 2011. I think we now feel a little bit like veterans here, which is an interesting feeling. I can tell you that he is an honourable member, someone who brings a lot of experience to this chamber, not only as a small business owner in a family business but also as a young parent, something that he and I have in common. I often see his wife and his child here, and I’m a little bit envious that he lives an hour and a half, roughly, closer to Queen’s Park than I do, so it means that my family doesn’t get here as quickly as his does. But I do appreciate that he includes his family in all of his workings here and mentions them, and references the challenges of parents and young families in the province of Ontario. I think he brings that to the table quite effectively.
He also mentioned something that I picked up on in terms of looking to accentuate or help the tone, the tenor and the decorum in this House. It’s something that I appreciate, something that I think he is fully capable of doing, given his demeanour. It’s something that I think is in contrast, although, to the demeanour that was presented by the official opposition, so it’s something that I welcome. I hope that is a change that comes about in this place because it can only make this chamber more productive, more fruitful and more collegial. I guess in these early days of the Legislature, something that I do appreciate is the collegiality of our tone here and the fact that we’re all getting along quite nicely, but I’m sure there will be instances where we get into it and have our ideas and values clash. But that’s what this place is all about and I am looking forward to doing that with the honourable member in concert.
Mrs. Amrit Mangat: It’s an absolute honour and privilege to rise today in the Legislature for the first time representing my riding of Mississauga–Brampton South after my re-election on June 12, 2014.
To begin with, I would like to thank the constituents of Mississauga–Brampton South for re-electing me a third time and putting their trust in me.
I also want to congratulate all the members of this House for their election successes. A big welcome to new members and welcome back to all those members who have returned.
It was a real pleasure to hear from the member for Lambton–Kent–Middlesex acknowledging our former colleague, Maria Van Bommel, for her hard work in building her community up. She was a champion of her community.
Mr. Speaker, as you know, we went through, in the past month, an election which Ontarians never wanted and they never deserved. However, Ontarians elected a Liberal majority government on June 12, 2014.
As promised, the Legislature is back, just 20 days after the election, and our Premier, the Honourable Kathleen Wynne, is very eager to implement our plan, a plan which is a very positive plan, a very progressive plan, a constructive plan not a destructive one, a plan in which we will put forward evidence before ideology, and partnership before partisanship.
We are looking forward to working with every single member of this House so that we can create opportunities and security for every single citizen in every region of this province.
Mrs. Julia Munro: It gives me great pleasure to take the next few moments to respond to the member from Lambton–Kent–Middlesex and his comments about the throne speech.
One of the things that I would take a moment to dwell on is one of the skeletons in the closet that come from the past. In that, I am referring to the issues around the finances of the province. While the throne speech provided an opportunity for the government to lay out a vision, there’s the spectre, in the background, of the finances. The fear of a downgrade, the impact of the servicing of the debt—these are giant ghosts that are in the background.
The fear of the downgrade, of course, means that people would see the interest rate for borrowing climb, or they would see the reluctance of investors to make those kinds of investments that we are asking, to be able to keep a $300-billion debt.
These are the kinds of issues that need to give people some concern and recognize that that amount of debt service charge is an impediment to being able to provide opportunity, service and programs and help to the residents of this province.
Those are the issues that we need to address as a Legislature and something that the government has to take very seriously.
Mr. Joe Cimino: Thank you to the member, and thank you, Speaker. Thank you to the member for Lambton–Kent–Middlesex for his comments. A lot of the comments you made are issues that were running through my mind. In a time when we knocked on thousands of doors over the last few weeks of the campaign, we heard quite clearly that people do want change. I thank you for your comments.
We talk about being collegial within this chamber and, Speaker, that is extremely important and I know you will lead us in some decorum here with your experience. But we do also have to take into account the fact that consultation—I urge the government to remember that consultation with stakeholders is extremely important, consultation with our municipal partners is extremely important, and consultation with those who use our services, and their families, is extremely important.
In terms of climate change, we lost a young fellow—I think it was August 26, 2007—Adam Dickie, because of climate change issues. We believe what happened there was a 100-year storm that raised Junction Creek levels very quickly. We, as municipal leaders, took charge. Councillor Joscelyne Landry-Altmann and myself set up an education committee.
So we can talk climate change—it’s a very important topic—but we must also, again, consult with those who are dealing with the issues municipally and come up with some solutions including education.
Affordability: Again, I said it in my inaugural speech. My colleague here to the right also just mentioned it. People are concerned. Hydro rates are too high. We need to work with our communities and listen to what their needs are.
The Deputy Speaker (Mr. Bas Balkissoon): The member from Lambton–Kent–Middlesex, you have two minutes for a response.
Mr. Monte McNaughton: Thanks to the members who provided some comments. To my friend from Essex, although on a different political team here at Queen’s Park, I consider him a friend. We’ve had a beer together a time or two. He mentioned us being veterans now because we’re in our second term—I wouldn’t go that far. I would consider my friend from the Liberals, the MPP for St. Catharines, a true veteran here at Queen’s Park. In fact—and we’ve talked about this a number of times—I remember as a legislative page all the way back in 1991 serving the MPP from St. Catharines water myself. So we’ve known each other for a long time—and of course, the member from York Centre, Mr. Kwinter, as well. These are two fine and distinguished MPPs. Even though they’re on the other side of the aisle, I have the utmost respect for them.
Thanks to the members from Mississauga–Brampton South, York–Simcoe and the new member from Sudbury. Thank you very much. I will say I spend a lot of time in Sudbury. My wife’s family is from there, so we make a number of visits up there each year. You come from a great community.
You’re going to be following in big footsteps. Mr. Bartolucci was a great MPP for the city of Sudbury. I know you’ll do a great job as well, so congratulations on your electoral victory.
I do think we have an opportunity to raise the decorum in the House. I reflect back on some of the debates we had over the last two and a half years. Whether that was because it was a minority situation or not, I don’t know. I guess, for me, I’ll find that out going forward. I think we all have individual responsibilities to raise the decorum. We can do a lot better for the people who sent us here, and I know I’m going to personally commit to doing that myself.
I look forward to the 41st Parliament and to working with everyone. Thank you.
The Deputy Speaker (Mr. Bas Balkissoon): Pursuant to standing order 42(a), there have been 12 hours of debate on the motion for an address in reply to the speech from the throne. I am now required to put the question.
Would this vote be taken as a deferred vote? Agreed? Agreed.
The Deputy Speaker (Mr. Bas Balkissoon): Orders of the day?
The Deputy Speaker (Mr. Bas Balkissoon): The House stands recessed until 10:30.
The House recessed from 0954 to 1030.
Mr. Bas Balkissoon: I’m pleased to introduce a couple of friends of mine who are here to observe question period and a visitor from out of country. My visitor is Joseph Jeyaraman. He’s a visiting businessman and a justice of the peace in Sri Lanka. He’s accompanied by Mr. Mano Kanagamany and Mr. Rajakulendran Sundaram in the east gallery.
Ms. Ann Hoggarth: Good morning. Our guests are the family of page captain Brendan Sheppard from Barrie: his mother, Sheila Atkinson; and his sister, Linnea Sheppard. Welcome, and enjoy.
Mrs. Gila Martow: I’m happy to see once again a sunny smile from Zack Goldford from my riding of Thornhill.
Mr. Percy Hatfield: Good morning, Speaker. I’d like to introduce two of my best friends in the entire world from Windsor–Tecumseh: lawyer Thomas MacKay and his spouse, noted educator Darren Stanley.
Hon. Tracy MacCharles: I’d like to introduce Matt Caron, the director of advocacy for the College Student Alliance organization, and Jaclyn Wingfield, the communications intern for the College Student Alliance. Welcome.
Hon. Deborah Matthews: I am delighted to welcome two dear, dear friends, Alana Kitely and Tara McDonnell, both with London roots and both serving as interns this summer. Welcome.
Mr. Granville Anderson: I would like to welcome the Hodgins family, Allan, Charisma, Andrew and Keira, who are here to support page Ashley Bowes, and they are from the lovely riding of Durham.
Mr. Michael Harris: Although not here, I’d like to welcome former MPP for Durham John O’Toole, who I know has tuned in at home on television.
Hon. Michael Coteau: Hi, John.
I’d like to welcome Adrian Kupesic, one of the proudest residents of Don Valley East, who’s joining us here today.
Hon. Michael Gravelle: I want to introduce our summer intern for the Ministry of Northern Development and Mines, Shahene Patel, who is visiting: a University of Toronto student learning all about northern Ontario and already an expert. Welcome, Shahene.
Mrs. Cristina Martins: I wish to introduce the family members of our page captain of the day, Eric Wood, who is from my riding of Davenport. I extend a warm welcome to his mother, Pauline Wood; his grandmother, Barbara Wood; and his younger brother, Adam Wood. Welcome to Queen’s Park.
The Speaker (Hon. Dave Levac): On behalf of the member from Oshawa, page captain Ashley Bowes’ mother, Katherine Bowes; father, Scott Bowes; sister, Amber Bowes; grandmother, Ilah Dalke, and grandfather, Denis Dalke; and family friends Andrew Hodgins, Keira Hodgins, Allan Hodgins and Charisma Hodgins. We welcome them to the gallery today. Welcome.
Mr. Steve Clark: Speaker, my question is through you to the Premier. Good morning, Premier.
Premier, you can implement your mandate with your Liberal majority, but it doesn’t mean you have to break the rules of the Legislature. The standing orders state that the membership of committees must be in proportion to the representation of the parties in the House. This has been a long-standing tradition that your government House leader rejects.
Your speech from the throne states that you will pledge partnership over partisanship, that you want to increase transparency and accountability and that you want to allow the justice committee to write its report. It’s sheer arrogance for your party to change the rules of this Legislature.
Premier, why are you trying to prevent the opposition from holding your government to account?
Hon. Kathleen O. Wynne: I know that the House leader will have more to say and that this is an ongoing discussion among the House leaders, but let’s talk about tradition. For decades, a majority in the House has meant a majority on committees, and that is a principle that every party in this House, when they have been in government and in the majority, have argued for. That has been reflected in the committee structure.
We’re not aware of any instance in the history of this Legislature where that has not been the case. In fact, it would be arrogance, I would suggest, to propose otherwise than that we follow that tradition of when there is a majority of seats in the House, that majority is reflected in committees.
Mr. Steve Clark: Back to the Premier: The government House leader understands that according to the current rules he can strike all the standing committees today with a substantive motion. However, in order to do so, he’d have to apply the long-standing formula that requires proportional representation of the parties in the Legislature. That would mean that you would have five Liberal members, two PC members and two NDP members.
Ornge, eHealth, the gas plants, the MaRS building bailout—all of those scandals happened on the Liberals’ watch, and they came out because the opposition held the government to account.
Premier, your throne speech stated that you want to increase transparency. Is your first order of business to backtrack on that commitment by trying to stack the committees against the opposition?
Hon. Yasir Naqvi: I thank the member opposite for his question, and I’m very much looking forward to discussing all of these issues in our House leaders’ meeting. I find it odd that the member opposite has chosen to raise these issues here in the House, inasmuch as he’s aware that these are discussions that are limited to House leaders.
But the rules are very clear. The convention is very clear, as the Premier mentioned. If you look back throughout the history of this Parliament, going back decades, we have seen that whenever there is a majority in the House all committees have also demonstrated a simple majority for the government. That means that we don’t count the Chair in that calculation, because, as you know, Speaker, the Chair is an impartial person, and they cannot be calculated in that configuration.
I would simply ask the member opposite that we work within the traditions of this House to make sure that the House is reflected in committee.
Mr. Steve Clark: Well, again, Speaker—I’m going to read you a couple of quotes. Here are a couple of quotes for you: “The rules say two important things: (1) committees can have no more than nine members; and (2) committee membership must be in proportion to the representation of the parties in the House.” Who said that, Premier? The dean of the Legislature, the member for St. Catharines. That was his quote.
Here’s another quote, from the Minister of Education: “… one of the principles on which standing committee membership is normally structured, which is proportional representation….” Proportional representation means if you’ve got nine members on a committee, you’ll have five members from the Liberal Party, two members from the PC Party, and two members from the NDP. Five members provide a majority of representation in the House.
Why is the government House leader continuing to try to muzzle the opposition by not following the conventions of this Legislature?
Mr. Steve Clark: I’m going to send him a calculator.
The Speaker (Hon. Dave Levac): And I’m going to send you out if I have to. You asked a question. Listen to the response.
The Speaker (Hon. Dave Levac): And the interjection is not helpful, either.
Stop the clock. From what I’ve heard, I’ve decided that I’m going to do what I did yesterday. I’m going into warnings.
Hon. Yasir Naqvi: The member from Timmins–James Bay, who is the NDP House leader, said on December 7, 2011, “Our proposals have been based on precedent which dictates that a government which does not have a majority in the House does not have the majority on committees.” Speaker, we only ask that the inverse be true as well.
Mr. Monte McNaughton: My question this morning is to the Premier. Premier, as you know, Moody’s debt service recently downgraded Ontario’s debt outlook from stable to negative, which will surely lead to increased costs and more underfunding of important services for average, everyday people in our province.
Premier, we recommend that you take urgent action today to come up with ways of growing our economy to ensure our health care and education systems are protected. Here is one that makes good sense to me: Premier Brad Wall of Saskatchewan has been advocating for a Canada-wide free trade zone. There is a tremendous potential to create good jobs for people and help small businesses grow here in the province.
Premier, do you see anything wrong with a Canada free trade zone as advocated by Premiers Wall, Clark and Hancock?
Hon. Brad Duguid: I have trouble with that too, sometimes.
It actually is a very important issue and a question, and something Ontario has always taken a lead on. We have advocated across this country for freer trade among provinces. In fact, Mr. Speaker, our exports are valued at over $122 billion as of 2012, and 33% of Ontario’s gross domestic product is made up of interprovincial trade accounts. So that’s very important to us.
We will continue to work with our sister provinces across this country to open up freer trade. Our priority is making sure we answer to the challenges our business community may have when the Canada-European trade agreement comes in place. We want to make sure that no Canadian business is at a disadvantage. That’s our first priority. We’ll work with the other provinces to ensure we achieve that, and if we can move further, we certainly would like to.
Mr. Monte McNaughton: Back to the Premier: Premier, last week, Moody’s put the province on a credit watch and revised the outlook in Ontario from stable to negative. At the same time, Premier, your counterparts from across the country are focused on providing more consumer choice, lower prices, more jobs and, ultimately, increased revenue for their provincial treasuries. Of course, I’m referring to Premiers Brad Wall, Christy Clark, Dave Hancock, Stephen McNeil and Robert Ghiz, who are all actively working on a Canada-wide free trade zone.
Premier, this is about nation-building, growing our economy and giving opportunities to our small businesses along Main Street here in Ontario. Premier, why haven’t you called Premier Brad Wall and others to get started on this deal immediately, and why isn’t Ontario at the head of the table?
Hon. Brad Duguid: Mr. Speaker, the member is very far behind on this file. The ministers have been speaking for some time on this issue. In fact, the ministers right across the country had a conference call earlier in the week.
As sister provinces continue to work together, it’s important that the views of all provinces, including Ontario, be taken into consideration in terms of how to move forward in these freer trade discussions amongst the provinces. We’re all in favour of doing that, Mr. Speaker. We now need to work together to ensure we put in place the best process.
Our Premier will be, as she was with the Canada Job Grant and others, a leader in this area of nation-building across this country. We’ll work closely with the western provinces, the eastern provinces and Quebec. We’re determined to ensure that we do the best job we can for Canadian businesses.
Mr. Monte McNaughton: Back to the Premier: Premier, having negotiated over 40 international trade deals since coming into office, the federal government has done an outstanding job at opening trade barriers throughout the world. However, within Canada, there are a significant number of trade barriers in numerous sectors, including energy, labour and procurement. These barriers are costing average, everyday people, with reduced opportunities, fewer jobs and higher consumer prices.
Premier, the people of Ontario are counting on you to take the lead on important opportunities for our workers in small businesses. Premier, this is about Main Street, not Bay Street. Over the days ahead, what specific actions will you commit to with Ontario’s participation in the job-creating Canada-wide free trade zone?
Hon. Brad Duguid: Mr. Speaker, I’m really glad that the member brought up Stephen Harper today, because I think what we want to do is ask the member if he’s going to support our efforts to ensure that the federal government treats Ontario fairly when it comes to equalization payments and treats Ontario fairly when it comes to investments and infrastructure.
Mr. Speaker, we’re talking about—and my predecessor at Infrastructure was very clear on this: We’re spending six times more when it comes to investing in public transit than the federal government is spending. I don’t think you can find a country anywhere in the world where that exists. I believe my predecessor said that it’s 26 times more that this province is spending on building roads, highways and bridges. That is not good partnership when it comes to partnerships between the federal and provincial government.
I’m just curious to know whether the Premier will be running with both of these lists next week. Will she introduce a budget on Monday that includes having a Conservative-style fire sale of Ontario’s public assets in it, Speaker?
Hon. Kathleen O. Wynne: The leader of the third party knows what our budget is going to say on Monday, Mr. Speaker, because we are reintroducing the budget that we introduced at the beginning of May. We then ran our election campaign on that plan.
The reality of our plan is that there is complexity to it. The fact is, we are facing fiscal challenges. That is true. But the other fact is, we are determined not to leave people behind. We are determined to build the province up. We are determined to invest in people’s talent and skills.
Ms. Andrea Horwath: So that’s a yes for the fire sale of public assets.
There’s a number of things, however, that the Premier has left off of her list. Families across Ontario are finding it harder than ever just to make ends meet.
The Speaker (Hon. Dave Levac): Order. The member from Glengarry–Prescott–Russell is warned.
Ms. Andrea Horwath: Families across Ontario are finding it harder just to make ends meet. It’s one of the reasons that they actually voted against austerity. They shouldn’t go into a cold sweat every time they see their hydro bill. Leaving families working harder and harder just to pay the bills, Speaker, isn’t progressive.
When the Premier introduces her budget next week, will it get electricity bills under control for the good people of this province? Or will it be the Liberal status quo, with hydro bills going up 42% over the next five years?
Hon. Kathleen O. Wynne: I will just to say again to the leader of the third party that it is incumbent upon government to do more than one thing at a time.
The fact is that we are faced with fiscal challenges in this provinces, and we are going to confront those fiscal challenges in a number of ways, Mr. Speaker. The constraints that have been put in place that have made us the leanest government in terms of program spending per capita in the country, we are going to keep those constraints in place. We are going to make sure that we have a reliable energy system that people across the province can count on so that people, whether they are business owners or whether they are individuals, know that they are going to have access to reliable power. And we are going to make sure the infrastructure that is needed across the province: roads, bridges, transit—we are going to invest in that infrastructure.
It is incumbent on us to do all those things at the same time.
Ms. Andrea Horwath: So that’s yes to a 42% increase in hydro rates.
People want to see a plan that creates job also, and it’s pretty obvious that that has been left off the list as well. The same old, same old, no-strings-attached giveaways haven’t worked. It’s why Ontario’s employment rate is stuck at higher than the national average.
Handing money to corporations and hoping for the best is not a progressive value. It hasn’t worked for the last eight years. Why does the Premier think that it’s going to work all of a sudden?
Hon. Kathleen O. Wynne: It’s not what we’re going to do, and it’s not what we have been doing, because the partnerships with business that have brought jobs to this province are just that: They are partnerships. The money that is invested in partnership with business is tied to that job creation.
That’s exactly why we’re putting in place the Jobs and Prosperity Fund, which will be part of our budget which will be reintroduced on Monday—the Jobs and Prosperity Fund and Experience Ontario, which will build on the success of the youth employment strategy and will put young people into opportunities where they will have the opportunity to explore a new career path because we’ve partnered with business.
Those are all things that are part of our budget. Some of them are already in place and are working, but we are building on those successes.
Ms. Andrea Horwath: My next question is also for the Premier. The Premier likes to pick and choose the parts of her budget that she wants to talk about, but there are some real surprises hidden just under the surface of this Liberal Trojan Horse plan. People across Ontario are wondering whether they are going to be able to afford to retire. When the Premier tables her plan, will she still be moving at lightspeed to create Stephen Harper-approved private pensions by this fall, but leave Ontarians waiting for years—if ever—for a public pension plan?
Hon. Kathleen O. Wynne: I think what is most surprising about this particular gambit is that we would have expected support for an Ontario Retirement Pension Plan in the absence of federal government leadership on enhancing the CPP. We would have expected that the NDP would have been right there at our side, supporting the creation of an Ontario Retirement Pension Plan. They are not there, Mr. Speaker.
Is it important that people have options? And in terms of the PRPPs that the leader of the third party is talking about, will we move to allow people to have those options? Absolutely. But will we move to create an Ontario Retirement Pension Plan so that people can count on a secure retirement? Absolutely we will. It is shocking, quite frankly, that the NDP is not going to support us on that.
Ms. Andrea Horwath: So that’s a yes to prioritizing Stephen Harper-style PRPPs.
Another part of her budget that the Premier loves to talk about is her transit plan. She insists it’s a progressive plan. Well, here’s the truth: The TTC, Metrolinx and the Golden panel all agree that Toronto needs a downtown relief line. Anyone who takes the TTC in rush hour knows that the Yonge line is already packed. Instead, the Liberal plan will simply add more riders to the Yonge line.
A downtown relief line that deals with congestion needs to be a priority. Is the Premier going to keep making things worse during rush hour for TTC riders, or will she put the downtown relief line at the top of the list?
Hon. Kathleen O. Wynne: I am just going to go to the general comment here, that in terms of support for transit and putting $29 billion into transit over the next 10 years, working with municipalities, whether it’s on public transit in the greater Toronto and Hamilton area or in Ottawa or in Kitchener-Waterloo or in Hamilton, or whether it is roads and bridges in northern Ontario and in our rural communities, we are committed to doing that. That is in our budget. Again, it would be terrific if we had the support of the NDP on that. Whether it is support for the Ontario Retirement Pension Plan—that is in our budget—we would have expected that the NDP would have supported us on that. Whether it’s support for people with developmental disabilities, we would have expected the NDP to support us on that.
Those measures are there. We are reintroducing our budget. We are determined to implement our budget, if we have passage in the Legislature. We think those are things that the NDP should be supporting.
Ms. Andrea Horwath: I guess that’s a no to the downtown relief line being prioritized.
You know, Speaker, the Premier likes to pick and choose the parts of her plan that she talks about here in the House, but there are other parts that she’s a bit reluctant to talk about—like the parts that led Bloomberg News to say, “Wynne’s Budget Foretells Biggest Ontario Cuts since Harris”; parts like the new HST loopholes for big businesses and more no-strings-attached corporate giveaways.
Is the Premier still committed to a plan that she insists is progressive, that will leave families paying more, will leave corporations paying less and could lead to the biggest cuts since Mike Harris?
Hon. Kathleen O. Wynne: I am and we are committed to the plan that we have put forward and we have put in front of the people of Ontario. We are committed to building this province up. We are committed to making the investments that we know are necessary, and we’re committed to doing that in partnership with municipalities, with businesses, with communities across this province. That is a complex interconnection of initiatives. There are transit initiatives. There are retirement security initiatives. There are constraint initiatives in terms of the fiscal realities. All of those things are presented in our budget.
The leader of the third party is right. There is a long list of initiatives that we believe the NDP should support us on, because historically they have supported initiatives that have lifted vulnerable people up and have helped them in their day-to-day lives.
I continue to hope that as we reintroduce our budget we will see the NDP step up and support those measures.
Ms. Christine Elliott: My question is for the Premier. Premier, families across Ontario are waiting for the final report of the Select Committee on Developmental Services to be released. As you know, the committee travelled across Ontario and heard from hundreds of individuals and families who need help. Based on that, we wrote a comprehensive report that would have been released on the Monday after the election was called.
But what we heard in our committee over and over again, Premier, was that the system is broken. We have addressed those systemic problems in our report and have provided concrete solutions.
Premier, my question to you is: Will you commit to re-striking the select committee so this report can be released?
Hon. Kathleen O. Wynne: Mr. Speaker, I am extremely interested in the work of the select committee. In fact, this is an issue that a number of us on all sides of the House have been concerned about for some time, which is why, in our budget, there is $810 million to inject into the system.
I’m very aware that once a young person goes through our education system, at the end of that time, at 21 years of age, when they basically age out from all of the supports that the education system has in place, there is very little. In fact, there isn’t a system, and we need a system and we need supports for families. That’s why that money is in the budget. That’s exactly why we need to work with everyone who has advice for us.
As I said, I’m very interested in the report of the select committee, and I think we should absolutely pay attention to the work that was done there.
Ms. Christine Elliott: To the Premier, through you, Mr. Speaker: Committing the money is only one part of the solution. You need to know how to deal with the systemic problems that have been identified by the select committee in a non-partisan way. These are solutions from all three parties.
We’ve heard from hundreds of families with autistic children who need treatment and help at school, from adults with special needs whose parents cannot take care of them anymore—they’re having to drop them off at developmental services offices. We have thousands of young people in Ontario who, when they turn 21, have nothing—no job, no life, no hope.
We’ve addressed all of those issues in our select committee. I cannot understand why you’ve committed this money and you don’t even want to hear what the select committee has to say.
Today, following question period, I will be asking for unanimous consent to have the select committee re-struck so that it can file its final report and table it with this Legislature. Will you commit to supporting this unanimous consent motion?
The Speaker (Hon. Dave Levac): The member from Prince Edward–Hastings is warned.
The Speaker (Hon. Dave Levac): While the clock is stopped, I’m going to remind people that when I do warn you, there is no warning after that. You will be named.
Hon. Kathleen O. Wynne: I know that this issue is part of the discussions that the House leaders are having right now. So I understand the politics of why the member opposite, at least in part, is raising this issue. But I will not take a lecture from a party that was going to cut billions of dollars from services across government. I will not take lessons from that party, when they were going to make those cuts.
The fact is, we have put money in the budget to deal with these issues. I want to hear the advice of the committee. The member opposite knows perfectly well that I want to hear those suggestions. I know that families need support. I know we have to understand how that money should be spent. This is a conversation that’s happening right now.
Mr. Peter Tabuns: My question is to the Minister of Education. Welcome back, Minister. Up to 100,000 infants require child care each year, but there are only 10,000 licensed spaces here in Ontario. There’s a child care crisis in this province, yet this government is making matters even worse. Cutting child care funding to 18 communities, from Sarnia to Sudbury, is not progressive. It’s not the right thing to do. Will the minister do the right thing and stop these cuts to child care across Ontario?
Hon. Liz Sandals: If I could digress for a moment, this is my first opportunity to speak in the House. I’d like to start off by sending my condolences to Abshir Hassan’s family. By all reports, he was a wonderful teacher and a wonderful mentor and role model for the children in his community. Our hearts go out both to his family but also to the Lawrence Heights school community because they obviously are devastated by this loss.
Let’s talk about child care here and unpack what the member opposite just said, because the observations he has made are just factually incorrect. If you look at the funding records since 2003, in fact we have added over $500 million to the child care budget. It’s up to close to $1 billion. That represents a 90% increase in child care funding in Ontario.
Mr. Peter Tabuns: Notwithstanding what the minister had to say, 18 communities are facing substantial loss of child care. That is irresponsible; that is short-sighted. Those communities deserve that funding. Those children and those families need that funding. No community and no family can afford these cuts to child care. Will the minister explain why she refuses to listen to parents and refuses to stop these child care cuts?
The Speaker (Hon. Dave Levac): The member from Timmins–James Bay is warned.
Mr. Peter Z. Milczyn: My question is for the President of the Treasury Board. Minister, on Tuesday the government reintroduced the Public Sector and MPP Accountability and Transparency Act, reaffirming Premier Wynne’s commitment to make Ontario the most open and transparent government in the country by doing government differently.
This bill demonstrates that the government is serious about being accountable to the people of Ontario. It would tackle the tough issues and further strengthen political accountability, open up the business of government and strengthen oversight.
The bill also builds on a number of legislative and non-legislative measures our government has already taken, including the Public Sector Expenses Review Act, the Broader Public Sector Accountability Act and our implementation of the IPC’s recommendations to enhance responsible government recordkeeping.
Minister, would you please speak to the proposed measures in this bill and how they would increase government accountability?
Hon. Deborah Matthews: Let me start by congratulating the member from Etobicoke–Lakeshore on his win. I am sure that he will serve his constituents very, very ably, as he has done at Toronto city council for many years.
Speaker, the proposed accountability act includes a wide range of measures that demonstrate that transparency and openness are top priorities for this government. It includes a range of measures which would, if passed, strengthen accountability and oversight, including expanding the role of the Ontario Ombudsman to include municipalities, school boards and universities. It would strengthen the Lobbyists Registration Act. It would compel agencies to post their business plans online and set compensation frameworks for BPS executives, including hard caps.
Mr. Peter Z. Milczyn: Thank you to the President of the Treasury Board for detailing the ways in which this government hopes to strengthen accountability.
I also understand that, if passed, the accountability act would require ministers, opposition leaders and all MPPs and staff to post expenses publicly. On this side of the House, government MPPs are already voluntarily posting their expenses online, and I strongly encourage the opposition to follow our lead and echo our commitment to open and transparent government. Another crucial area where we have an opportunity to enhance accountability is in the health sector.
Minister, would you please inform the House about the strong oversight powers included in this proposed act that apply to our air ambulance service, as well as the new patient ombudsman role that will be created?
Hon. Deborah Matthews: We are taking some very concrete steps to increase oversight in the health sector. Amendments to the Ambulance Act would allow the government to appoint a supervisor and special investigators. It would protect whistle-blowers who disclose information. Provincial representatives could be appointed to the air ambulance service board of directors, and performance agreements with providers could be set by regulation at any time. Speaker, these are important enhancements.
In addition, a patient ombudsman would be established to help patients resolve complaints they’ve got with public hospitals, long-term-care homes and community care access centres. This new patient ombudsman would build a much more patient-centred and integrated approach. The patient ombudsman would be independent, with all the powers of the Ombudsman, including being able to initiate investigations as well as being required to make their annual report available to the public.
Ms. Sylvia Jones: My question is to the Attorney General. There was a formal complaint lodged against one of your assistant crown attorneys concerning his conduct against women in the Peel crown’s office. According to the sunshine list, this same crown attorney walked away with $368,000 in 2013—twice his annual salary. Minister, was a full investigation held regarding those allegations?
Hon. Madeleine Meilleur: Thank you very much for the question. I think it’s a very important matter that you’re raising. We have a policy within the government, within our ministry, to make sure that these things are not happening. As you know, we are not talking about these incidents here in the House, but I can assure the member of the opposition that all of these accusations are dealt with within the ministry on a fair and reasonable basis. But I want to reiterate the fact that we have a policy in place in this government to make sure that this does not happen and that when it does happen, proper measures are taken to make sure that it does not happen again.
Ms. Sylvia Jones: I’m not sure the victim in this harassment case believes that it was fair and equitable if you doubled the salary and pay of this person.
In the same week you’re promoting your new accountability and transparency legislation in Ontario, the public has the right to know why an assistant crown in your ministry was given $368,000—twice his annual salary. For what—to go away?
We’ve since learned that this same individual has now been charged with criminal harassment and assault against two young women.
Minister, tell us why you chose to pay out an assistant crown instead of going through a full investigation to allow the victims and the accused a hearing and punishment if found guilty. Is that the kind of message you want to send to women who are dealing with harassment?
Hon. Madeleine Meilleur: Again, I’m going to reiterate the fact that in this government and in each of our ministries we have the procedure in place to make sure that these actions do not happen. When this happens, measures are being taken to deal with it. With regard to how much was paid to this individual, this was dealt with the same way that these cases were dealt with when you were in power.
Mr. Paul Miller: This is to the minister responsible for the Pan/Parapan Am Games. Speaker, it’s a beautiful sunny day today, so I think work is probably being done on the Hamilton stadium. At least, according to the minister, that’s when they do their best work—on good-weather days. We know that it’s one year until the official opening of the games, so it must be full steam ahead on all the venues.
Can the minister provide us with a new date that the Hamilton stadium will be ready for occupancy—weather permitting, of course?
Hon. Michael Coteau: I’m so proud of what we’re doing in Ontario in regard to the Pan Am and Parapan Am Games. It’s the first time the province has taken on such a large responsibility, not only by itself but working with the federal government and our 50 municipal partners. We are working with our universities and our colleges to put on the largest multi-sport games ever in the history not only in the history of Toronto or the Golden Horseshoe or Ontario, but the entire country. This is the largest multi-game sport event in the entire country.
We have 31 venues. We have 15 venues that are being refurbished and 10 brand new builds. It is a very complex piece. We have Infrastructure Ontario working with us. We have different ministries working, and we’re proud to build the type of infrastructure we need here in Ontario so our athletes can compete not only here but internationally, and so we can attract the type of sporting events we want so Canada can take its stage in the world when it comes to athleticism. I hope the member opposite joins us as we celebrate the Pan Am Games on this special day.
Mr. Paul Miller: Speaker, with all due respect, the finance minister and the former minister responsible for the Pan/Parapan Am Games mocked my concerns and assured this House on many occasions that, “Everything is fine. We’re on schedule. We’re on budget.” Well, the evidence is in, Speaker. Surprise, surprise. They’re wrong. They hired this foreign-led consortium. They set the schedule, but do they have a plan to rein them in and get all the other venues completed on schedule and under budget? We’ve only got a year to go.
Will this minister tell the House how he’s going to ensure that the Pan/Parapan Games venues are his and his government’s priority and that they all get completed on time and on budget? I’ve heard this before from you.
Hon. Michael Coteau: Mr. Speaker, you would think the member opposite would be excited with the fact that we are building a state-of-the-art stadium in Hamilton, in the area that he represents. His team—and I hope he’s a fan of the Tiger-Cats—will be able to play in a stadium that holds 22,500 people. I’ll tell you, the last time that major infrastructure was put into that building was back in the late 1970s or early 1980s, and it was built back in the 1930s, when we had our last Commonwealth Games here in the province of Ontario, the last multi-sport event.
I would hope that the member opposite would join us as we celebrate our athletes here in Ontario and across Canada and as we bring Toronto and the 15 municipalities onto the international stage so we can show off what we’re proud of here in the province of Ontario and in our country.
Ms. Indira Naidoo-Harris: My question is also for the minister responsible for the 2015 Pan Am Games. Minister, people in my riding of Halton are starting to get very excited about hosting the cycling events at the Pan/Parapan American velodrome next summer. Some of the finest cyclists in the world will be competing at the world-class facility. People from all over the globe are expected to visit the region to take in the events.
Now, this is a tremendous opportunity for the town and region to show the world what makes our area so special. The games will put Milton, Halton and Ontario on the map internationally, and the state-of-the-art facility will have a lasting impact on our local athletes, community and economy.
Mr. Speaker, through you to the minister, can he please tell us why the legacies are so important to both Ontarians and Canadians?
Hon. Michael Coteau: I want to congratulate the honourable member on her recent election victory. Congratulations. I know you’re going to make the people in your riding very proud.
Today is a special day, Mr. Speaker. It marks the one-year countdown to the 2015 Pan Am and Parapan Am Games that are being held here in the GTA and the Golden Horseshoe. I think we should all be happy that we have the ability to host such an incredible multi-sport games here in the province of Ontario.
We’re going to see a lot of investment into infrastructure, and we’re going to see an investment into infrastructure that will support our athletes here in the province of Ontario.
It’s more than just the Pan Am Games. This is about building a legacy for our future athletes here in Ontario, and not only Ontario, Mr. Speaker, but for all Canadians, because we are going from just an average jurisdiction, when it comes to multi-sport venues, to a world-class venue. We’ll be able to compete internationally for future events. I think we should be very proud of the investments we’re making.
Ms. Indira Naidoo-Harris: Thank you for your response, Minister.
Halton is definitely gearing up to welcome the world next summer. This will be Milton’s time to shine. It’s great to see that that the velodrome will be used by residents in my community for years to come. This will truly be the people’s games.
I think it is very fitting that the velodrome is located in our community. That’s because the roads around our escarpment area are very popular with bike enthusiasts. As Milton’s mayor Gord Krantz once said, “Milton and Halton region is a cycling mecca.” I understand this will be the only facility of its kind in Canada and one of two in all of North America that will meet top international cycling competition standards.
Mr. Speaker, again, through you to the minister: Can he please explain what other activities the velodrome will be used for once the games are over?
Hon. Michael Coteau: Again, thank you to the member for the question. The games in Milton, in the velodrome, will be able to host not only cycling, but will have access to basketball, volleyball, badminton, a running and jogging track, a fitness centre, studio space and a special area to host special events. This is really for the community of Halton and the people in the surrounding area, and all Ontarians.
The legacy piece, again, is an important piece. As the member for Halton said, Canadians will no longer have to travel into the United States, into California, to train. They’ll be able to do it here in Ontario. I think we should be so proud of the fact that we’re building that type of legacy infrastructure in Ontario to support our athletes, not only for today but for future generations.
Mr. Ted Arnott: I have a straightforward question for the Premier. Could she inform the House what she is expecting will be the fastest-growing expense line item in the budget over the next three years?
Hon. Charles Sousa: I can assure the member that Ontario exceeds all other governments in Canada. We have controlled our program spending at 1.4%, which surpasses any government now. We’re projecting to lower that program spending to 1.1% going forward.
Mr. Ted Arnott: I would refer the Premier and the Minister of Finance to page 244 of the 2014 Ontario budget papers. That page shows that the fastest-growing expense line item over the next three years is projected to be interest on the provincial debt. In fact, the average annual growth in our interest costs is expected to be almost 8%. I’ll repeat that: an 8% increase per year in our interest costs.
We know that the Liberal government has doubled the provincial debt since taking office. We know that they intend to add $20 billion to the debt this year alone. We know that interest costs are already the third-biggest expense in the budget, after health and education. We know that a credit rating downgrade is pending, and we know that, with interest costs on the debt going up, available funding for vital services that we all value, like health care and highway expenditures, goes down.
Knowing all that, how on Earth can the government be so fiscally reckless as to table the same budget next Monday as was rejected on May 2?
Hon. Charles Sousa: What the people of Ontario rejected was 100,000 cuts that they were proposing to employees. What the people of Ontario rejected was extreme measures of austerity that would put them in harm’s way.
What the people of Ontario accepted was this budget that we’re presenting on Monday, a budget that talks about investing in their future so that we can promote more jobs and talks about ensuring that we eliminate the deficit by 2017-18 in a very balanced way. The people recognize that we must take a balanced approach. They know that the rate of interest in Ontario has been sustained for the last 10 years, but we must be mindful not to pass a burden of debt on to future generations.
That’s why we are taking the steps necessary to eliminate the deficit. That’s why we’re taking the steps necessary, through the President of the Treasury Board, to find further savings in the system. That’s why we’re taking the necessary steps to maximize evaluations of our assets. That’s why we’re taking the steps necessary to promote more growth in our economy by investing in infrastructure, skills and training.
Ms. Cheri DiNovo: My question is to the Minister of Community Safety and Correctional Services. Minister, yesterday you claimed that you were committed to making sure that your ministry comply with Toby’s Act—which, by the way, was tabled five times before your government acted.
As is clear with the Avery Edison case, your ministry has not complied with Toby’s Act. In fact, the Ontario government is being sued by Ms. Avery Edison based on discrimination in your ministry and mistreatment because of her gender.
Does the minister intend on fighting her in the courts, or will he be settling?
Hon. Yasir Naqvi: I want to thank the member from Parkdale–High Park for asking that question. I think the member opposite will be fully aware of the fact that the particular case that she referenced is before the Human Rights Tribunal, so it would be highly inappropriate for me as the minister to comment on that particular topic.
But as I stated yesterday in this House in response to a question that I received from the member from Ottawa–Orléans, I am very proud to have worked with the member from Parkdale–High Park and the member from Whitby–Oshawa on bringing in Toby’s Act and making sure that we protect the rights of our trans community here in Ontario by explicitly including gender expression and gender identity in the Human Rights Code.
In fact, Speaker, we’re the first province in Canada to do so, and it’s something that we all collectively should be very proud of.
As I stated at the launch of the guidelines by the Human Rights Commission on those particular provisions dealing with gender expression and gender identity, we will consult and work very closely with the commission to get our guidelines in accordance with the law.
Ms. Cheri DiNovo: Mr. Speaker, Avery Edison was humiliated, she was strip-searched, she was sent to a male prison and she was kept in solitary confinement, all because she is transsexual. She is suing this minister’s ministry because of her treatment. The minister claims his government is progressive. A truly progressive government would not fight Avery Edison in the courts. Will the minister commit to settling this matter with Avery Edison, or is he going to drag her through the justice system all over again?
Hon. Yasir Naqvi: Again, Speaker, I think the member opposite very well knows and all the members in the House know that when a matter is before our courts or a judicial system, it is highly inappropriate for the ministers to comment on that. Therefore, I cannot speak to the particular facts or to the case.
I do want to mention that our current ministry policy clearly states that the key consideration regarding the care and custody of transgender and intersex inmates is the gender with which the inmate identifies, regardless of whether or not the inmate has undergone medically supportive treatments to align their physical bodies with their gender identity. Further, it states that when transgender and intersex inmates are first admitted to our provincial correctional facilities, these individuals are permitted to choose the gender of the correctional officer who will perform the physical screening or elect to have both male and female staff involved in this process.
We are updating our guidelines and are working very closely with the Human Rights Commission in that regard.
Mr. Yvan Baker: It’s an honour for me to stand here in this House with all of you and represent the constituents of Etobicoke Centre. My question is for the Minister of Citizenship, Immigration and International Trade.
Due to a declining birth rate and an aging population, immigration will play an important role in filling highly skilled labour gaps in Ontario. The federal citizenship and immigration minister announced that he is launching the Express Entry model, formerly known as the Expression of Interest model. The federal government promises that this new model will help Canada’s immigration system become more focused on meeting Canada’s economic and labour gaps.
We all know that the past federal changes to immigration policies have not always benefited Ontario. We have seen a steady decline in the share of skilled newcomers that we can select, while other provinces, like Alberta and Saskatchewan, have benefited from much larger shares.
How will our government ensure that Ontario is positioned to meet its labour market demands and continue to be a strong economic performer?
Hon. Michael Chan: Thank you for the question. I want to congratulate the member from Etobicoke Centre. He had a great election win. I’m sure that you’re going to serve your constituents to the best of your ability.
Speaker, it’s a delay, but I do want to congratulate you for your re-election and still sitting in the best and most comfortable chair in the House.
The member is correct. The federal government announced that it is changing the way the country will process immigration applications. Immigration selection and immigrant settlement services should be a shared responsibility of all levels of government.
I want to make it clear that we are committed to ensuring that Ontario is best positioned to recruit new immigrants now and in future generations. Right now, we are working with provinces and territories to collaborate with the federal government on Express Entry design and implementation.
Mr. Yvan Baker: I would like to thank the minister for his response and take this opportunity to congratulate him on his new portfolio and his new responsibilities as well.
Ontario is the number one destination in Canada for highly skilled newcomers and families. In fact, I’d like to share a brief anecdote. On Canada Day, I had the opportunity to attend a citizenship ceremony in Etobicoke Centre and was reminded of the diversity of newcomers and the calibre of skills and talents that they bring to our province every single day.
Many highly skilled professionals, like doctors, nurses, engineers and others, come to our province hoping to seamlessly continue their practice and contribute to our vibrant economy. In my riding of Etobicoke Centre, for example, we have a large number of newcomers to Canada from all parts of the world. Although many have been able to find work in their field of practice, some have not been able to find work in their field of study or qualification because their credentials are not recognized here.
Mr. Speaker, how is our government helping highly skilled newcomers become accredited in their field of practice?
Hon. Michael Chan: Speaker, I want to thank him for the question again. One of the main pillars of this government’s immigration strategy is to leverage the global connections of our diverse communities. This is why Ontario will contribute more than $63 million over three years to the Ontario bridge training program.
Ontario’s bridge training project helps internationally trained skilled newcomers get licensed and employed in their field without duplicating previous training and education. Bridge training programs include nursing, pharmacy, early childhood education, medical laboratory technology and the skilled trades.
We’re on the right track, but we know that more needs to be done to make sure our newcomers can get jobs in their field of practice.
Mr. Norm Miller: My question is for the Minister of Health. Minister, we are very fortunate to have a unique model of primary health care serving our small rural communities in Parry Sound–Muskoka. Places like Britt, Argyle, Pointe au Baril, Wahta First Nation and Rosseau are well-served by nursing stations. We have seven nursing stations, mainly in Parry Sound district, providing vital primary health care in a very efficient model.
The district of Muskoka has taken note of how well nursing stations are serving Parry Sound district. They have already submitted their plan for new nursing stations to the Ministry of Health. My question: Are you aware of the district of Muskoka plan to improve primary health care in Muskoka with new nursing stations?
Hon. Eric Hoskins: I appreciate the question and the reminder of the importance of that great part of our province, a very lovely, beautiful part of the province. Most importantly, the people there are extremely generous and hard-working.
Of course, anything that has to do with our nursing profession and making sure that, as a government, we improve the services, in this case as provided through our hard-working nurses and nurse practitioners, our RNs, is something that I take very seriously.
I haven’t had the opportunity yet; I think the member opposite appreciates my having been in the portfolio for just two weeks. But I will certainly entertain getting to this immediately, asking my officials to brief me on it so I can see the particulars of the proposal.
Perhaps I’ll have an opportunity in the supplementary to speak more generally about the important work that our nurses are doing and how we’re supporting them to do that work even more effectively.
Mr. Norm Miller: Thank you, Minister, for the response. Let me provide some more details.
The district of Muskoka has come up with a made-in-Muskoka health care plan to improve primary health care access based on the success of nursing stations serving Parry Sound communities for many years. Their plan includes new nursing stations in Dorset, Severn Bridge, Port Severn and Port Carling to improve primary health care for the elderly, the low-income and marginalized, and for seasonal residents and tourists.
This improved access to health care services is very important for Muskoka, now and into the future. My question: Will you agree to meet with District Chair John Klinck and consider their plan to spend health care dollars more efficiently and improve primary health care for Muskoka?
Hon. Eric Hoskins: Of course I’d welcome the opportunity to meet with the district chair.
Let me say again that in reference to the important work that our nurses across the province do—in fact, I think this was referenced earlier. Since 2003, we have added 20,500 nurses to the province. Many of those—4,000 of those—have been added to the province in the last year alone. We’re introducing and increasing the number of nurse-practitioner-led clinics.
I want to speak to the element of this which is perhaps most appealing, and that is that it’s a local community, a local district which is coming up with a plan that reflects the unique priorities and circumstances that take place in the district of Muskoka. So I’d be happy to meet with this individual to learn more about the program. I’ll get briefed in detail by my ministry and we’ll see if, perhaps, we can move forward in a collaborative way to see how we can continue to improve services.
Mme France Gélinas: Ma question ce matin est pour la ministre déléguée aux services en français. Les néo-démocrates sont très fiers de promouvoir et de défendre les services en français pour les Franco-Ontariens et Franco-Ontariennes. Nous sommes fiers du travail que nous avons fait pour contribuer à faire de notre commissaire un officier indépendant de l’Assemblée législative.
Par contre, ce matin, notre commissaire nous a dit, et ce sont ses mots, que le gouvernement a balayé du revers de la main ses recommandations visant les populations précarisées, l’offre active de services en français et le plan des ressources humaines. Non seulement est-ce que ses recommandations ont été complètement ignorées, il nous dit que le gouvernement ne respecte pas la Loi sur les services en français en ne déposant pas de rapport annuel complet sur ses activités.
Ma question est très simple. Pourquoi est-ce que le gouvernement ne respecte ni notre bon commissaire ni la Loi sur les services en français?
L’hon. Madeleine Meilleur: Je suis très fière de faire partie d’un gouvernement qui appuie la francophonie en Ontario. C’est ce gouvernement-ci qui a créé le poste de commissaire aux services en français.
Le commissaire a donné des recommandations au gouvernement. C’est, je crois, son sixième ou septième rapport. Ces recommandations sont toujours prises très sérieusement et nous avons fait beaucoup d’avancées dans la francophonie en Ontario. Les francophones le reconnaissent très bien.
Alors, les recommandations sont toujours revues et mises de l’avant. On étudie les recommandations du commissaire. Ce sont des recommandations. Nous travaillons de très près avec les ministères qui sont impliqués pour s’assurer que les recommandations du commissaire sont prises sérieusement, et nous allons continuer à travailler de très près.
C’est une recommandation du commissaire que l’office fasse un rapport annuel, et nous étudions cette recommandation-là de très près. Merci.
The Speaker (Hon. Dave Levac): The member for Whitby–Oshawa on a point of order.
Ms. Christine Elliott: I seek unanimous consent to move a motion without notice to restrike the Select Committee on Developmental Services and present its final report.
The Speaker (Hon. Dave Levac): The member from Whitby–Oshawa is seeking unanimous consent to put a motion without notice. Do we agree? I heard a no.
A point of order from the government House leader.
The Speaker (Hon. Dave Levac): That’s not a point of order.
The Speaker (Hon. Dave Levac): We have a deferred vote on government order number 1, the motion for an address in reply to the speech of His Honour the Lieutenant Governor at the opening of the session.
The Speaker (Hon. Dave Levac): All members take their seats, please. All members take your seat, please. The Sergeant-at-Arms will come for you.
All those in favour, please rise one at a time and be recognized by the Clerk.
The Clerk of the Assembly (Ms. Deborah Deller): The ayes are 57; the nays are 40.
There are no further deferred votes. This House stands recessed until 1 p.m. this afternoon.
The House recessed from 1148 to 1300.
Ms. Lisa M. Thompson: Yesterday saw the release of a report by the Environmental Commissioner entitled Looking for Leadership. This is a very appropriate title, I believe, because actually everyone in Ontario is now looking to the Liberal government to show leadership on a number of fronts.
The Liberal government continues to make promises they ultimately just can’t keep. Unfortunately, there’s an evident pattern of behaviour where it is clear they have no intention of following through on their promises, whether they are related to the environment, climate change, gridlock and, most importantly, their efforts on the deficit and debt.
The Environmental Commissioner’s report contains worrisome news. Mr. Miller projects that the government will fail to meet greenhouse gas reduction targets for 2020 by upwards of 20%, and these are goals which they set for themselves in 2007. I guess, though, this really shouldn’t come as a shock, since the Environmental Commissioner said that “very little has been achieved” because there has been very little action. The commissioner actually went on to say that “in fact, we have gone backwards” with regard to the Liberal efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
This is unacceptable. Speaker, it is time this government finally walks its own talk and starts to meet its own targets instead of assuming Ontario taxpayers can continue to afford all of their bad decisions and failures.
Ms. Cindy Forster: I rise today to remark on the passing of Rosie Smith, of Welland, who died June 25, at the age of 76.
Born Rosemarie Spagnoletti, Rosie grew up across from the old Welland Canal, where childhood days of summer were spent swimming and helping other kids learn to swim.
By 20, she met and married Steve Smith, who enjoyed swimming and mentoring as much as she did. Together, they spearheaded an Olympic-sized pool at St. George Park and initiated the St. George Aquatic Club, which produced a highly successful competitive swim team.
Rosie and Steve felt very strongly that every kid deserved the chance to have success, and so they made it their mission to ensure money didn’t stand in the way. They became masters of discretion to protect the self-esteem of all swimmers.
Rosie spent 40 years volunteering in the Welland Recreation Projects Association. Their premier event is the Toys for Tots Christmas program for families in need. They also run a series of community events that are free to all each year.
Rosie was an ordinary person who did extraordinary things. It was my sincere pleasure to present her with the Queen’s Diamond Jubilee Medal for distinguished community service in 2012. She was a mother of two, a grandmother of three, and a school secretary. She had a quick wit, an infectious laugh and the ability to make whoever she was talking to feel they were the most important person on the planet. She lived life with compassion, integrity, drive and humility.
On behalf of the constituents of the Welland riding, I would like to thank Rosie’s family—her husband, Steve; her son, Greg; and her daughter, Karen—for sharing her with us. She will be missed, but she will continue to inspire.
Mrs. Cristina Martins: Today I want to recognize one of the upcoming and outstanding festivals taking place in my riding of Davenport. In a multicultural city like Toronto, where all summer festivals have something beautiful to offer those who love to meet and learn about new cultures, you cannot miss Canada’s largest Brazilian cultural event, the 11th Toronto International BrazilFest.
Many Brazilians today call Canada home, many of whom live in my riding of Davenport. For them, as for many visitors participating and joining in on a yearly basis, BrazilFest has become a real and authentic expression and celebration of Brazilian music, dance, food, crafts and culture. The festival is as much an opportunity for Brazilians to reconnect with their roots as it is to educate us about their culture.
Each year, the festival has grown in size and prestige. Today the festival attracts an estimated public attendance of 30,000 people and is recognized as Canada’s largest Brazilian cultural event. Held at Earlscourt Park, located at St. Clair Avenue West and Caledonia Road, the festival stage will be filled with musicians, dancers and singers who will take you on an exotic trip exploring Brazilian music and celebration without having to leave the heart of Toronto.
On July 20, drop by BrazilFest for your one-stop cultural trip to experience the richness and energy of the Brazilian people through dance, food and festival. BrazilFest is a must-attend event for anyone interested in sharing in the collective heritage and multicultural diversity of our province.
Mr. Michael Harris: I’d like to thank the people of Kitchener–Conestoga for their support in the last election and putting their trust in me to serve as their member of provincial Parliament once again.
My success would not have been possible without the tireless efforts of my committed team of volunteers, who dedicated their time and energy to my re-election campaign. They made countless calls to supporters. They knocked on thousands of doors across the riding. They put up thousands of election signs during the summer heat. They helped out around the office and even on Twitter, and drove hundreds of people to the polls on election day.
So I would like to thank each and every person who served on my campaign and believed in my vision for our community. Over the next four years, I will continue to fight for Kitchener–Conestoga by keeping the government’s feet to the fire on the Highway 7 project. I’ll work with my regional colleagues to deliver all-day, two-way GO train service to Kitchener-Waterloo. I’ll pressure the government to approve the region’s solution to improve local ambulance response times through streamlined dispatch. And I’ll fight to preserve open tendering in the region of Waterloo so that all qualified local tradespeople retain their right to bid and work on local taxpayer-funded infrastructure.
I know that with your help, we can continue to achieve great things together in the riding of Kitchener–Conestoga. So, thanks once again. I appreciate it.
Ms. Peggy Sattler: Tomorrow, Londoners will gather to celebrate the life of Colonel Tom Lawson, a great friend of London whose loss will be deeply felt by the many citizens whose lives he touched. Colonel Lawson died this week at his home at age 71 after a well-fought battle with cancer.
His roots in the community are deep. Born in London in 1943 to Colonel Tom and Miggsie Lawson, the younger Tom carried on the family tradition of service to others. His grandfather, Ray Lawson, served as Lieutenant Governor of Ontario from 1946 to 1952 and established the Lawson Foundation almost 60 years ago to enrich the quality of life in Canada. Colonel Lawson would go on to become both a vice-president and director of the foundation.
He was a career businessman and successful entrepreneur who volunteered his management expertise to dozens of organizations, most recently the First Nations Financial Management Board. A reservist in his youth, he was passionate about fostering linkages between the Canadian Forces and the community as a life member of the Garrison Community Council and former Legion president. Locally, he served in leadership roles at the London museum of archaeology, the London Rotary club, Lawson Health Research Institute and the London Chamber of Commerce. He was also the former mayor of Grand Bend and a former Lambton county councillor.
I came to know Tom personally through his work with the Lawson Literacy Awards, which were launched by his family in 1978 to encourage creative expression among grades 7 and 8 students in writing about Canadian topics of significance to them. In my 13 years on the school board, Colonel Lawson never missed an award ceremony. He read each of the winning pieces and personally congratulated each student on their work. His impact on the hundreds of young people who participated in the competition over the years has been profound.
Colonel Lawson will be greatly missed, but his legacy will live on through his enduring contributions to our community. On behalf of all MPPs, I wish to express our sincere condolences to his friends and family.
Mrs. Kathryn McGarry: I am more than delighted to bring an update about the progress of the long-awaited Cambridge Memorial Hospital expansion and redevelopment project in my riding of Cambridge.
On June 25 I attended the hospital’s annual community meeting, and CEO Patrick Gaskin eagerly noted that they are on track to build what is essentially a brand new hospital for the residents of Cambridge and North Dumfries. The design is complete, the construction consortia have been chosen and the project team is preparing to start this fall. Patrick said that now, the staff really do believe that it is moving ahead as the Tim Hortons has already moved to its temporary location for the construction.
A new wing and renovations will provide the needed space for the hospital to bring new and expanded clinical services to our community. There are six areas that will benefit: the emergency department, mental health program, intensive care unit, birthing unit, operating rooms, and in-patient beds.
Thank you to Waterloo region chair Ken Seiling, Cambridge mayor Doug Craig and North Dumfries mayor Rob Deutschmann and their respective councillors, and former Minister of Health and Long-Term Care Deb Matthews, for their ongoing support of this much-anticipated capital redevelopment program. A project like this is part of our government’s ongoing plan to build a better health care system and ensure that all Ontarians have more reliable health services in their community.
Mr. Rick Nicholls: Recently, eight provincially funded industrial wind turbines in my riding were ordered to be lowered or removed because they violate height limits near the Chatham-Kent Municipal Airport. This actually would be a very unprecedented move in the province of Ontario. The wind turbine company, GDF SUEZ, was given this order by Transport Canada because airport zoning regulations protect a radius of approximately four kilometres around the airport.
As the critic for community safety and correctional services, I note that the airport zoning regulations are put in place for a reason: to protect public safety. Those who break the laws must be held accountable, with no special treatment.
I’ve talked to numerous pilots who were concerned for their safety in rough weather conditions, and I’m pleased that their voices have been heard. I’d like to commend Transport Canada’s commitment to protecting the safety of pilots and passengers of the Chatham-Kent Municipal Airport.
This issue has left the people of my riding wondering how many of the nearly 500 industrial wind turbines in the Chatham–Kent–Essex area were built too closely to homes or even highways. Ontario does have setback requirements for industrial wind turbines, but what good are these regulations if they are not being followed by companies? The province has put billions of dollars into the operation of these wind turbines and should be able to ensure they are located safely with the approval of host communities.
Mr. Peter Z. Milczyn: I rise in the House today to speak about a budding and vibrant tradition in my riding of Etobicoke–Lakeshore: the second annual Humber Bay Shores Waterfront Festival.
On this coming Saturday, August 9, in Jean Augustine Park, the constituents of my riding will be able to enjoy live entertainment, enjoy many tasty treats, take in the incredible talent of our local performers and enjoy the gorgeous views of our precious waterfront. This festival promises lots of family fun with our great neighbours from my riding of Etobicoke–Lakeshore and those from beyond.
The Humber Bay Shores Condominium Association is recognized by all levels of government for its dedication to community development and partnership. A strong voice for the 10,000 residents of one of Toronto’s fastest-growing neighbourhoods, they are wonderful stewards of this part of our waterfront. They organize community clean-up days, speak up to protect the quality of the air and water of the area, and are partners in helping to determine the future of their neighbourhood. The association has also recently begun to serve the local community by organizing and hosting a local farmers’ market, which gives my constituents the opportunity to purchase locally grown produce and baked goods.
I congratulate the Humber Bay Shores Condominium Association and their president, Jim Reekie, on organizing their second annual waterfront festival and for their ongoing dedication to community building and local partnerships with residents, businesses and artists. I look forward to attending and I invite all members of this House to come and visit the beautiful waterfront of Etobicoke–Lakeshore on Saturday, August 9, for what will be a fun and exciting day.
Ms. Ann Hoggarth: From July 4 until July 20, the BarrieLicious Festival allows residents and visitors to our fair city by the bay to try the diversity of culinary experiences for a fixed-price menu. You can travel to Greece at the Town and Country restaurant and get excellent service from John, Jimmy and Steve, enjoy the Italian experience at Nino’s, try Japanese sushi at Akira, relish the British fare at the British Arms, or try Indian dishes at Tara.
Come to Barrie from now until July 20 to globetrot without the expensive cost of airline tickets. Barrie is a gourmet lover’s delight, especially during this festival, and penny-pinchers will not only love the food, but the great prices, too.
The Speaker (Hon. Dave Levac): I beg to inform the House that, pursuant to standing order 98(c), a change has been made in the order of precedence on the ballot list for private members’ public business such that Mrs. Martow assumes ballot item number 4 and Ms. Thompson assumes ballot item number 77.
Bill 10, An Act to enact the Child Care and Early Years Act, 2014, to repeal the Day Nurseries Act, to amend the Early Childhood Educators Act, 2007, the Education Act and the Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities Act and to make consequential and related amendments to other Acts / Projet de loi 10, Loi édictant la Loi de 2014 sur la garde d’enfants et la petite enfance, abrogeant la Loi sur les garderies, modifiant la Loi de 2007 sur les éducatrices et les éducateurs de la petite enfance, la Loi sur l’éducation et la Loi sur le ministère de la Formation et des Collèges et Universités et apportant des modifications corrélatives et connexes à d’autres lois.
Hon. Liz Sandals: This is essentially reintroducing the Child Care Modernization Act, which was introduced and began debate last session.
We’re taking steps to strengthen oversight of the province’s unlicensed child care sector while increasing access to licensed child care options for families.
The Child Care Modernization Act would, if passed, help transform the child care and early years system to better meet the needs of both the parents who use and rely on the system and the children who are placed in its care.
We believe families must have access to safe, modern child care, and that is part of our plan to invest in giving our children the best possible start in life.
Bill 11, An Act to raise awareness about radon, provide for the Ontario Radon Registry and reduce radon levels in dwellings and workplaces / Projet de loi 11, Loi visant à sensibiliser le public au radon, à prévoir la création du Registre des concentrations de radon en Ontario et à réduire la concentration de ce gaz dans les logements et les lieux de travail.
Mr. Shafiq Qaadri: Radon and this bill, hopefully together, will be publicized for Ontarians—an important cause of cancer; to this day, unfortunately, unrecognized and underaddressed. Hopefully, this will address that.
Ms. Soo Wong: I have a petition addressed to the Legislative Assembly.
I fully support the petition, and I will give the petition to page Matthew.
Speaker, I support this petition and will sign it.
Mr. Mike Colle: I have a petition here that was compiled by Lisa and David Brennan in Mississauga. They did it for their son Matthew.
“Therefore we, the undersigned, petition the Legislative Assembly of Ontario to join the United States of America in declaring May 14 as Apraxia Awareness Day” in Ontario.
I fully support this petition by David and Lisa Brennan, and I affix my name to it.
Mr. Speaker, I agree with this petition, and I affix my name to it.
I support this petition and I affix my signature to it.
The Speaker (Hon. Dave Levac): The member for Barrie.
Mrs. Cristina Martins: Davenport—the fabulous riding of Davenport.
The Speaker (Hon. Dave Levac): Davenport; I knew it was one word.
I agree with this petition, will now sign it and give it to page Ethan.
Ms. Soo Wong: I have a petition addressed to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
I fully support the petition and give it to page Ethan.
The Speaker (Hon. Dave Levac): Pursuant to the order of the House dated Tuesday, July 8, 2014, this House stands adjourned until Monday, July 14, 2014, at 10:30 a.m. sharp.
The House adjourned at 1328. | 2019-04-21T23:08:47Z | https://www.ola.org/fr/affaires-legislatives/documents-chambre/legislature-41/session-1/2014-07-10/journal-debats |
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The sections titled “Fees and Payment,” “Proprietary Rights and Licenses,” “Confidentiality,” “Disclaimers,” “Mutual Indemnification,” “Limitation of Liability,” “Refund or Payment upon Termination,” “Your Data Portability and Deletion,” “Removal of Content and Non-Reconess Applications,” “Surviving Provisions” and “General Provisions” will survive any termination or expiration of this Agreement.
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For the avoidance of doubt, We are entering into this Agreement as principal and not as agent for any other Reconess company. Subject to any permitted Assignment under Section 11.4, the obligations owed by Us under this Agreement shall be owed to You solely by Us and the obligations owed by You under this Agreement shall be owed solely to Us.
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11.3 Entire Agreement and Order of Precedence.
This Agreement is the entire agreement between You and Us regarding Your use of Services and Content and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements, proposals or representations, written or oral, concerning its subject matter. Except as otherwise provided herein, no modification, amendment, or waiver of any provision of this Agreement will be effective unless in writing and signed by the party against whom the modification, amendment or waiver is to be asserted. The parties agree that any term or condition stated in Your purchase order or in any other of Your order documentation (excluding Order Forms) is void. In the event of any conflict or inconsistency among the following documents, the order of precedence shall be: (1) the applicable Order Form, (2) this Agreement, and (3) the Documentation.
Neither party may assign any of its rights or obligations hereunder, whether by operation of law or otherwise, without the other party’s prior written consent (not to be unreasonably withheld); provided, however, either party may assign this Agreement in its entirety (together with all Order Forms), without the other party’s consent to its Affiliate or in connection with a merger, acquisition, corporate reorganization, or sale of all or substantially all of its assets. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a party is acquired by, sells substantially all of its assets to, or undergoes a change of control in favor of, a direct competitor of the other party, then such other party may terminate this Agreement upon written notice. In the event of such a termination, We will refund to You any prepaid fees allocable to the remainder of the term of all subscriptions for the period after the effective date of such termination. Subject to the foregoing, this Agreement will bind and inure to the benefit of the parties, their respective successors and permitted assigns.
11.5 Relationship of the Parties. | 2019-04-22T18:49:46Z | https://reconess.com/signup?subs_type=trial |
Never doubt that a small group of citizens decides to change the world.
It 'always like this has happened.
I am an artist and philanthropist, I am the president of the first political movement paradistic founded in Italy, called Movement for the Paradism, which aims to speed up the process to the paradism and I am active member and Guide of the International Raelian Movement, a non-profit organization. I had the opportunity to experience life which helped me to better understand of the human being. I always thought that science should be the religion that links us all on this planet, because it could be an important key to solving problems and make easier our lives easier. In this world, there are many gifted people who would be happy to dedicate their time for the good of humanity. The human brain is a marvellous biological computer and I think that we should all use this computer to finally create together a better world for all, the paradise on Earth. I always believed in a world of peace, love and harmony, without poverty, without hunger and misery in which lasting abundance is available for every human being. Following the synthesis of marvellous ideas from many people on the real needs and the state uneasyness which predominates in humanity, the Earth People Organization was born, a project that belongs to each one of us and it is our choice to be part of it and to save this humanity. The Paradism project is the ideal way to get involved and to make this world a better place for us all. The human race deserves happiness and we are working to make it happens. I hope that wisdom will predominate as soon as possible, because humanity has suffered enough, only love can save it, and this project is only based on love.
He had and brought up his four children with his ex-spouse until their adult age. For the last fifteen years, he is in a open relationship.
A professional course which started from the age of fourteen as owner of a newspapers and of periodical magazines sale business. At 17, after three years of activity, and selling his business, he joins the National Navy during five years where he will acquire his nurse's certificate and exercise this job as much in hospitals as onboard.
At twenty-two years, after the birth of his first child, he leaves the National Navy and pursues his job in a medical intervention unit in the steel industry during 18 years. Today and for fourteen years now, he is “Adviser to firms, finance and human resources”.
During his professional course in the steel industry, he was named, in parallel, workers' representative where he defended the cause and rights of the staff during several years. During the same period he will exercise a political militant activity and will be named by its party, substitute candidate in the legislative elections of 1973. Losing by a small margin, he will continue his political commitment until October 1974.
At this stage of his life, while he went for a walk in nature in an isolated place near home, he witnessed a space phenomenon (low flying UFO close to him) which will be a major turn in his life. Some weeks after this event, he meets Rael and discovers the mission which Rael accepted from a space visitor. Understanding the importance and weight of the load carried by Rael, he interrupts all political activity and gets involved completely at his sides, in parallel of his occupation. He will participate in the development of the “International Raelian Movement” and will be responsible for establishing it in his country (France) and also in others European countries.
Very sensitive and prepared for political activity, he will associate his competences to the creation of EARTH PEOPLE ORGANIZATION (E.P.O .) founded to introduce and develop the various political aspects contained in the messages which Rael accepted in December 13th, 1973 from the hands of this space visitor. Co-founder of E.P.O , he will be a motor of the development of the political groups satellites of E.P.O. called “Movement for Paradism”. These political organizations come into the world in 2010 and spread on all continents to bring a serie of answers to the urgent and inevitable needs of humanity.
Jean Pierre Saulnier is President of Movement for Paradism in France today.
My label is Doctor of Neuroscience and Medical Practitioner but in fact I am a prostitute; like most people, I sell my mind for money, in my case to the National Health Service. However, like all human beings I am really a multifaceted person who enjoys all the arts as I do science, who enjoys self discovery and hedonistic pleasures, who yearns to fulfil my potential and would love to stop and chat, but sorry I do not have time, as I am too busy selling my mind to "earn a living" and pay my taxes to support a government and social system that I do not approve of.
I do not approve of the Ponzi Scheme that we call capitalism because it is non-sustainable in a finite world. Capitalism means that we get more money out than we put in; so in a finite pool, the majority will lose out to the minority. I do not believe that we have to step on others to raise ourselves higher, nor start a war to increase wealth, and most of all I do not believe we should have to work all our lives doing things we have not chosen to do, since today we have the technology to make robots to do all the hard work, leaving us humans the pleasurable privilege of creating, choosing and enjoying. Compared to the millions spent on smart-bombs and war techniques, it would be child's play to automate all food production, luxury production, house production, clothing and all the basic necessities in a sustainable way, so that everyone can have access to this for free. If its free, then there would be no need for money, so no need to profit from someone else's hard labour, so no need to cut corners on quality to make a fast buck, so no need for cost-cutting pesticides which poison our children, no need for inbuilt obsolescence which wastes resources, no need for poverty, no class war, no crime.
Suddenly there is a paradigm shift and finally, after thousands of years of trying to force round pegs into a square holes, society would be adapted for humans instead of humans forced to adapt to society. Only then could we truly rediscover the child in us, each day we could chose what we want to do, such as learn music, art, science, we could even plant potatoes if we really wanted to, the point is that we wont have to do anything to survive, but only if we chose to, allowing us to rediscover the true meaning of doing things, as we did when we were kids. That's to say we do it for the pure pleasure of doing it, and the pleasure of giving to others and contributing to society. It is not how much money or how much bling you can sparkle at others, it will be how much love you give to others which will be desirable qualities, and love and consciousness will become the new and natural currencies of the future.
It is urgent that we create such a world now because only a society where everyone is fulfilled materially and spiritually can survive into the next few decades. One thousand years ago, a dissatisfied person could only kill one person a day with a knife, not good news for that one person, but not threatening for humanity either. One hundred years ago, a gun could only kill one hundred people a day, but tomorrow, with internet access to multiple destructive technologies, one person could threaten the whole of humanity, so the only truly sustainable and viable society is one where everyone has all their needs fulfilled. You are only truly free when everyone is free. So for the sake of humanity, we have to change our own paradigms now.
I am an electrical engineer by trade and I work now in IT in Australia. I learnt the concept of Paradism over 30 years ago and it has guided my political life ever since. In the early 90s I have even written a book titled "Paradise is 100% unemployment". It didn't make sense to me that there was so much unemployement, so much work needed to be done and so many people wanting to work all at the same time. It became so obvious something is really going wrong. The situation today is even more acute than back then. All the indicators are there that show that we have reached the time for a paradigm shift. The current economical and political structures are decaying to the point of total collapse. The revolution has already started with the people all over the world "occupying". But they have very little directions or ideas about what is supposed to come next. They ask for more jobs which is a really stupid things to do at a time when we could free humanity from all kind of labour. Just look at any sector of the economy. The only jobs we are now creating are for the machines. What they really want is not jobs but freedom. And that what Paradism is all about. Paradism will free all the people from their slavery. A slavery imposed by a society where you either work, beg or die. Paradism will also bring freedom by abolishing the people's enslavement by all forms of powers. This is also something that I have been passionate about and that will need to be better explained as many people don't really understand how this could work. Much needs to be done to educate the people about their individual sovereignty and the Natural Law by which they can live together in harmony. Today the people of the revolution are marching but they don't know where. Not knowing they will destroy what is without anything better to replace with. It is therefore critical that we bring them the concepts of paradism, the keys to a golden age. The longer we wait, the more suffering and the more painful the transition. Here in Australia we are a small group of people and we are active on an individual level at this stage participating in the Occupy Movement. Behind the scene we are working on a video animation that we hope to release by the end of the year. It takes much more time and energy than expected. We want the quality to be good enough not only to become a viral phenomenon on line but to be used also as material for our future lectures on Paradism around the country. We look forward to co-creating with you all paradise on earth thanks to this fantastic Paradism movement that is taking place.
We are about the solution.
Two categories of widespread global problems have led to two undesirable and repugnant consequences. The problems are: 1) Plutocracy, the rule of wealth, government controlled by the wealthy for the wealthy, and 2) Overpopulation, poverty, lack of education, dogma, and fanaticism. These problems have led to two repugnant consequences: A) The military and the use of force as the main feasible means of world governance in the uncreative and rotten minds of our political leaders, and B) Political and economic collapse of countries across the globe.
Two solutions are offered to be implemented with the help of genuises and the experts in relevant social, economic and political fields. The solutions are: 1) Paradism as the most meaningful way of governance in line with human values and freedoms, and 2) Geniocracy as the most intelligent way to foresee and govern the rapidly evolving human communities for the long term utilizing the transformative powers of sciences and technology.
Progress towards paradism will be made where there are receptive minds and receptive governing bodies and communities. We will promote these ideas by all means possible and seek out interested parties for collaboration and implementation of any aspects of paradism where communities may be ready to embark on a new way of governing themselves away from the rule of wealth and power towards the spirit of sharing, collaboration and utilization of science and technology for the benefit of all.
The fundamental breakdown and transformation of the authoritarian landscape of our world has already begun. The economic collapse of countries and the global Occupy movement are just two recent instances foreshadowing what is on the horizon. In addition to the promotion of paradism and the collaborative efforts we are engaged in, and to accelerate the dissolution of this rotten system, a virtual world government is being established as well on the ideas of paradism and geniocracy.
Cyber-engagement combined with virtual resources will enable us to reach out to millions of sympathetic individuals and the young minds across the globe in a matter of hours to bring about swift mobilization and transformation of society. Some examples of how quickly taboos and societal norms can be transformed are: freehugscampaign.org, improveverywhere.com, The No Pants Subway Ride, and flashmobamerica.com.
Obviously Paradism community seeks help and support on all fronts. So contact us and let us know if you want to be involved and we will pool our energy and resources together to take greater strides towards a paradise on earth. These are exciting times when after generations of great hope and desire, huge cracks have finally appeared in the rotten systems. We are finally able to start building a brand new future where children and adults may well be truely happy for just being alive on this beautiful blue planet, and where everyone lives towards true and greater self-fulfilment, creativity and joy.
We human beings were born to laugh, to be happy, to share, to love each other, to love ourselves and to love life. Now we can build a system and a world that is deserving of our higher aspirations of kindness and love, a world that we aspire to and we deserve. A world where love, creativity and happiness are the measure of a man, not wealth or power. We are not shy, afraid or timid anymore. We now dare. We now dare to imagine as we wish, to love as we wish and to build a loving society as we wish. This is just the beginning.
Our determination, our political choice, the choice of our system to organize social and economic development, social and cultural development, which we have all made, holds us all responsible and commits us. These choices allow us to be the pioneers of Paradism in Africa and the Congo. This historic day of the General Assembly of the First Movement for Paradism in Africa is precisely taking place in the Republic of Congo. Brazzaville, the country where the administrative and political capital was the former capital of Free France and French Equatorial Africa. The conclusions that we make will allow us to unite even more to engage collectively in making Congo and Africa a paradise for all and for the good of all.
It’s time for us to stand up!
Let's make a world where all people can share profit!
Let's make a world where all people are not discriminated!
Let's make a world where all people can realize themselves!
OK, let's implement the humanitarian principle and Paradism!
Paradism is uniting the Yin and Yang with the humanitarian principle.
First of all, welcome to our Paradism website. And I'm sure that you can meet remarkable visions for our world. I'm just a normal person living normal life as office worker. It means that I'm not a man politic as well as philosophic. But the paradism showed me more meaningful way in my life. Yes, It has changed my life. The revolution will not come from the another "Bolshevist". We normal persons should have the main role in this play. It is time to get to change the world. The paradism is the only solution to solve our planet's endless and terrible problems. And it makes us feel that we still have hope and chance to save this world and our lives. Yes, this is not only for world, but also for ourselves. We are the part of world. And in fact, we are our world itself. Please remember we are ONE. It is the first step to recognize that we are in the edge to exploit our world by our greed. We are meeting the revenge of our world that we made and we are destroying. No exception. No shelter. Please listen to the appeals from this website. You can find what you can do, and what you should do, too. Dear my sisters and brothers on the planet. Please remember that this time could be our last chance, ever. Please remember that THE key is in your pocket. And please remember that you are the only one who take THE key out. Please enjoy your time at this visionary website. Let me give you my all love and respect. Thanks a lot.
I currently live in Sweden, but I see myself as a citizen of planet Earth. As long as I can remember I have dreamt of a world with peace and wealth for everyone. It makes me frustrated to see how unintelligently our world is run and what a corrupt system we have, or rather a system that creates sick, greedy and corrupt behaviours and decisions. But it also makes me happy to see that more and more people today stand up and say "enough". More and more people want change. As the world gets more and more connected I also think that more people start to see further than their own family and their own home. This is a great start, but it's not enough to criticize what is wrong, we need to construct the future we want, and we have all have to take action to make it happen.
The necessity, that is to say the love and logic of paradism, were obvious right away, and after contacting Earth People Organization, it started developing the project in Slovenia too. Because it is a young movement, I felt the desire to share all the brilliant ideas it brings. Now we are planning revolutionary projects, one of them is to bring paradism in the Slovenian parliament. As reality demonstrated also in many other countries, the governments do not bring much hope to people who intelligently choose not to vote. Paradism brings love and practical solutions to the problems of humanity and in Slovenia also there are more and more people who are realizing this: the only future for humanity is a future that is based on love and intelligence, and that wisely turns to paradism as soon as possible.
Power destroys freedom, corrupted and greedy policy leads us towards the chasm of the capitalist system, which wobbles dangerously and it is not good to live a life filled with serinity, joy and love, and that is why I am a revolutionary, I am called Zena and I am part of the Raelian Movement and I am a member of Movement for Paradism in Italy, which advocates happiness, universal love for a new revolution and development of the system. Nowadays, we are in a destructive economic crisis and so much the better, because it means the end of the actual government. Let us replace these old principles with other structures more adapted for our times. Come with us, join us to change the world and make it a true paradise, where there will be no more injustice, misery, corruption, violence, no more money and work, only pleasure, do you like that! If you really want to find the happiness within you, then do not hesitate to register and support us. Your love is the most important for saving the humanity. | 2019-04-20T16:38:14Z | http://www.earthpeopleorg.org/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=323&Itemid=226 |
In an interactive media environment, input events are distributed to a plurality of applications where each application includes zero or more script components and zero or more markup files and has a Z order which corresponds to the position of the applications' visual elements on a display. An input event processing order is utilized where the application that has focus in an interactive media environment (by virtue of its receipt of user events) is provided with the first opportunity to consume the input event. If the focused application does not consume the input event, it is then delivered to the remaining applications in top down, inverse Z order. Each application is enabled with the ability to consume an input event, pass it on to lower Z ordered applications, hide it from lower Z ordered applications, or otherwise handle it. Input event processing stops when an application consumes the input event.
This application claims the benefit of provisional application No. 60/695,944, filed Jul. 1, 2005, which is incorporated by reference herein.
The described arrangements, systems and methods relate generally to interactive media and more particularly to distributing input events to multiple applications in an interactive media environment.
Interactive media environments are typically resource constrained in terms of available processing power, memory and other resources that are available to applications running in the environment. One common example of interactive media is video encoded on DVD (digital versatile disc) where users can interact with graphical menus or other controls to navigate to specific video content or invoke special features that are authored into the DVD.
In a typical interactive media environment, visual elements such as graphics and menus are given a “Z order” that provides a visual order for the elements on a display screen. The Z order controls how visual elements appear to stack on top of one another along an imaginary z-axis which extends outwardly from the display screen. Visual elements with a lower Z order appear to be at the bottom of display (and farther away from a viewer) while visual elements with a higher Z order appear to be on top of the lower Z ordered elements (and thus closer to the viewer).
When multiple applications used to generate visual elements are running in an interactive media environment, input events must be distributed to the applications. Input events must be handled in a resource-efficient manner. In addition, applications must be enabled to generate graphical output responsively to input from the environment to dynamically create a rich interactive experience for users.
In an interactive media environment, input events are distributed to a plurality of applications. Each application includes zero or more script components and zero or more markup files and has a Z order which corresponds to the position of the application's visual elements on a display. An input event processing order is utilized where the application that has focus (by virtue of its receipt of user events) is provided with the first opportunity to consume the input event. If the focused application does not consume the input event, it is then delivered to the remaining applications in top down, inverse Z order. Each application is enabled with the ability to consume an input event, pass it on to lower Z ordered applications, hide it from lower Z ordered applications, or otherwise handle it. Input event processing stops when an application consumes the input event.
Advantageously, input event delivery in priority order (i.e., focused application followed by remaining applications in inverse Z order) gives preference to the most interactive applications so that input events are efficiently processed in an environment where hardware resources, including processor cycles and memory, are limited. In addition, a predictable platform from which interactive media authors may create applications with highly responsive interactive behavior is provided.
FIG. 16 is a flow chart for an illustrative method for distributing input events to multiple applications.
Referring to FIG. 1, an illustrative block diagram of the elements making up an application 110 used in an interactive media environment is shown. Applications are typically used in the interactive media environment to enable interaction between a user and an interactive media player rendering graphics and video on a coupled display device (such as a television or monitor) through a user interface such as a remote control. More specifically, applications control presentation behavior of various content objects, including video playback, in the environment. Presentation of graphic objects such as menus and interactive buttons over the video is also realized using applications. Applications further manage and control audio playback and sounds in the environment. It is contemplated that multiple applications will generally be running simultaneously in most interactive media settings. However, there is no requirement the multiple applications run simultaneously and the decision to divide or aggregate applications in a particular setting is a design choice of the interactive media author. Applications may also be logically subdivided into application pages depending on the requirements of a specific setting.
The application 110 comprises a script host 115 containing zero or more script files 117 and 119 and zero or more markup documents 120 that is used to generate a document object model (DOM). The markup documents 120 include information relating, for example, to content, style, timing and layout of graphic objects. Thus, the markup context is used generally to provide graphics on a graphics plane in the interactive media environment.
In this illustrative example, the markup documents are XML document files in accordance with W3C standards. As indicated in FIG. 1, multiple physical XML files may be accessed using the <include> element in the <head> section of the markup. In some settings it may be preferable for an application to not have more than one active markup at a time. However, an application may switch its markup 120 by using a <link> element in the markup. Alternatively, an application may switch its markup 120 by utilizing an application programming interface (API) that enables applications to gain access to functional objects within a current application. Using a loadMarkup 0 call through the API, an application may switch markup files 120 by passing the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) of the new markup through an API.
In cases where an application accesses a new markup, the API call takes effect only after a current event handler in the application finishes executing its current task. Any current markup-related event handlers that are pending are also cancelled as the new markup, once loaded, will invalidate those event handlers.
The availability of APIs and resources to application 110 is indicated by reference numeral 125 in FIG. 1. Resources include, for example, audio and video files, fonts, pictures and images (e.g., in common file formats including PNG, JPEG, GIF, BMP, TIFF etc.) and other resources as may be required by an application according to the circumstances of a specific setting.
Each application 110 maintains its own script host 115 that maintains the context for the script's variables, functions and other states. In most settings, variables and functions in one application are not visible to another application unless the applications are specifically set up to enable such cross-application visibility, for example, by using an object that is shared across all applications. For example, in this illustrative example, the interactive media player object has a single instance that is shared across all applications. Optionally, therefore, special objects may be placed inside script host 115—for example, using a C++ object—to implement singletons (i.e., a objects having limited instantiation) where the special objects all reference the same internal function, for example, of the player. This optional aspect enables interactive media script authors to logically treat common objects as singletons while still allowing the script host 115 to implement the functionality necessary to expose an object to the single script host.
Referring now to FIG. 2, an illustrative diagram showing the relationship among multiple markup documents and script is provided. An application manifest 230 interacts with applications which, as noted above, are defined generally by resources 125, script 205, and markup documents 251, 260 and 275 as shown. Each application typically uses a single application manifest file in most settings, but the application manifest is not part of the runtime state of the application. In this illustrative example, the application manifest 230 is encoded as an XML document file.
The application manifest 230 describes the initial markup file 251 to be used by the application 110 (FIG. 1) as well as the script files—collectively indicated by the rectangle with reference numeral 205 in FIG. 2—contained in script host 115 (FIG. 1). If the application manifest 230 lists more than one script, as in this illustrative example, then all the scripts are loaded into a script handling engine in the interactive media player. Thus, the multiple script files are treated and behave as if the script author had concatenated all of the script files into a single large file in the order listed in the application manifest 230.
As shown in FIG. 2, the application manifest 230 refers to resources 125. The resources available to an application in an interactive media environment form a directed graph, rooted by the resources 125 referenced in the application manifest 230. The allowed extent of the graph for each application is proscribed by the application manifest 230.
FIG. 2 shows an application running in the interactive media environment. As noted above, an application may only have one active markup at a time and application content is kept separate by the applications. As indicated by the arrows between the markup pages 251, 260 and 275, via script 205, the application is able to advance from markup page 251 to 260, and then later from page 260 to 275.
The progression of context execution by applications in the interactive media environment is guided by a playlist 290 which describes, among other things, the relationship among objects in the environment including presentation objects that are rendered by the player onto the display device. These presentation objects typically include video (which may include multiple streams as described in more detail below) and graphics produced by the applications.
Playlist 290 further manages resources across the interactive media environment as a single management entity in order to efficiently allocate and control the consumption of resources by applications. As with the application manifest 230 the playlist 290 may be advantageously embodied as an XML document file in most settings.
The markup pages in FIG. 2 may be used in some settings to fire events into an execution context (created by the script files 117 and 119 in FIG. 1). The execution context then manipulates the DOM created by the current application markup. As the markup is used in the interactive media environment to specify style, content, timing and layout of graphical objects in the environment (as represented by elements 253 262 and 277 in FIG. 2), the combination of script and markup enables the creation of a comprehensive set of capabilities.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a first illustrative interactive media player 305 including an interactive content processor (ICP) 335, video content processor (VCP) 310, and mixer 339. It is noted that the arrangement presented in FIG. 3 provides a logical model which describe features and functions of the illustrative interactive media player 305 that are pertinent to application state management. Thus, an actual implementation of an interactive media player may utilize various structural forms while still operating as described herein to achieve the benefits of application state management. The interactive media player 305 is typically realized in dedicated hardware such as standalone consumer electronic device, or alternatively using a software implementation employing computer readable media with a general purpose processor such as that found in a personal computer.
VCP 310 manages one or more media streams that may be received from multiple sources including a local optical drives such as a DVD drive or a high-definition DVD (HD-DVD) drive, a local memory or a remote broadband source over a network. VCP 310, in this illustrative example, includes one or more media processors 1, 2 . . . N as indicated by elements 304 and 306 in FIG. 3. Media processors 304 and 306 process the received media streams, which typically include audio and video, to decode and render the corresponding images and sound which are output as an audio/video stream on line 325. Audio/video stream 325 may represent a plurality of video elements, for example to render multiple separate video windows using a “picture in picture” type configuration.
Media processors 304 and 306 each comprise a media source interface, demultiplexer and decoder. Media processors 304 and 306 may optionally include decryption capabilities as well. A display device 355 is coupled to receive and display the audio/video stream.
ICP 335 performs all application-related processing and may be arranged from several components that may be realized in hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. The components of ICP 335 include, for example, a markup engine, script language interpreter, and an XML parsing component (not shown). ICP 335 outputs a graphics stream on line 321 which is synchronous with the audio/video stream 325. Mixer 339 takes the graphics stream on line 321 and the audio/video stream on line 325 so that the graphics are rendered in a graphics layer over the video stream to implement an interactive media session for a user.
In most settings, ICP 335 outputs graphics that are synchronized on a frame-by-frame basis with the video stream. However, such synchronization may be performed using other bases, including, for example, time (including Title Time and Media time as defined below), content in the video, or other metadata embedded in the video that is used to indicate or mark a particular point in the stream.
ICP 335 includes a playlist manager 337 and a task manager 330. The playlist manager 337 is responsible for controlling presentation objects in the environment. These objects include video playback on the player 305 along with applications that are running to generate interactive graphics. Playlist manager 337 manages the playlist 290 which is described above in the text accompanying FIG. 2.
The playlist manager 337 also computes the “Title Time” associated with each portion of content in a media stream. A title is a unique sequence of video and audio content with a start and end time that is typically defined by the DVD author. However, what such author defines as a title can be arbitrary. Thus, particular content which is perceived in a video may be part of one title, a complete title, or run across multiple titles.
One example of a title is the copyright warning that precedes all pre-recorded video in both analog and digital format in the United States. The featured attraction (e.g., the main movie) on a DVD is another example and is often the longest title. In some settings, individual chapters in a movie might be designated as separates titles by the DVD author. For all such titles, Title Time is defined as the time elapsed since a given title started playing as shown on the media clock 312.
Application Time is the time elapsed since an application started (or enters an “Active” state as described in more detail below). When multiple applications are in runtime, each application has a notion of its own Application Time. For each application, Application Time always starts at zero when an application is started in the environment.
For example, if an application App 1 starts at Presentation Time of 20 arbitrary time units (which is 0 time units for App1) and application App2 starts at Presentation Time of 25 time units (which is 0 time units for App2), then at Presentation Time of 35 time units, Appl's Application Time is 15 time units and App2's Application Time is 10 time units. For applications that are logically subdivided into pages, the Page Time is the time elapsed since a page of an application has been loaded.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a second illustrative media player 405 including an ICP 435, VCP 410, and mixer 439. Interactive media player 405 is similar in form and function to the interactive media player 305 shown in FIG. 3. Notably, however, VCP 435 includes media processors, 1, 2 . . . N (as indicated by elements 404 and 406 in FIG. 4) that are arranged to provide separate feeds 425 and 427 to mixer 439. Such arrangement may be desirable in some settings where manipulation of the individual media streams is performed prior to mixing. For example, image processing/selection techniques such panning and zooming of video in a media stream may be independently implemented on one or more of the N separate feeds represented by reference numerals 425 and 427 in FIG. 4.
The audio/video feeds 425 and 427, along with the synchronous graphics stream from ICP 435 are mixed in mixer 439 and output on line 441 to a display device 455. The other elements in FIG. 4 including ICP 435 (comprising playlist manager 437 and task manager 430), media clock 412 in VCP 410 and presentation clock 460 are configured and function in a similar manner as their counterparts shown in FIG. 3 and described in the accompanying text.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an illustrative arrangement 500 having with a plurality of event queues 1, 2 . . . N as designated by reference numerals 510, 515, and 518, respectively, and a single application thread 523. In this illustrative arrangement, all applications running on an ICP (such as ICP 435 in FIG. 4) are single threaded, and application thread 523 is dedicated for such purpose. However, ICP 435 does not necessarily need to be single threaded itself. In alternative implementations, ICP 435 may utilize other threads, for example for pre-fetching resources into a cache.
Each of the event queues 510, 515, and 518 are arranged to feed into application thread 523 from their head ends (located at the right side of FIG. 5). A plurality of applications App 1, App2 . . . AppN as designated by reference numerals 527, 530 and 532, respectively, are arranged to post workitems, representatively designated by reference numeral 535, into the queues 510, 515 and 518 from their tail ends (on the left side of FIG. 5).
Application events are events which are fired by an application. These may include events fired by either script (e.g, script host 115 in FIG. 1) or by markup (e.g., markup 120 in FIG. 1). Application events, in most scenarios, are handled only by script. However, applications 527, 530 and 532 do not invoke script or markup functionality directly. Instead, all such functionality is posted to the applications' respective event queues in the form of workitems which are invoked when the application thread 523 processes the workitem.
In alternative arrangements, events from sources other than applications are also scheduled using event queues. For example, user events are fired by user interaction with a remote control. System events are events fired by the interactive media player such as player 405 shown in FIG. 4 and described in the accompanying text and include, for example, a chapter change in a video title.
Each workitem in events queues 510, 515 and 518 contains fields as shown in FIG. 5. These fields include an application association field 540, a method field 545, a BeginTime field 552, an EndTime field 555, and an optional ClockSelector field 558.
The application association field 540 indicates the particular application to which a workitem applies. The method field 545 contains a method that is invoked when the workitem is processed by the application thread 523. Method field 545 also includes arguments for the method.
The BeginTime field 552 and EndTime field 555 are used, respectively, to indicate when the workitem's method begins and ends. In this illustrative example, time is expressed using Application Time. However, in alternative examples, the BeginTime field 552 and EndTime field 555 contain values which may be alternatively expressed in Title Time, Application Time or Page Time depending on the requirements of a particular setting. In such cases, the particular timeframe used by a workitem is indicated in the ClockSelector field 558. Regardless of the timeframe utilized, a BeginTime for a workitem must always be less than the EndTime.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of event queue 515 showing the ordering of workitems contained therein. The other event queues 510 and 518 (FIG. 5) are not shown in FIG. 6 for ease of clarity in illustration. However, the ordering methodology described below is equally applicable to such other event queues.
Event queue 515 includes workitems 1, 2, 3 . . . N as indicated by reference numerals 605, 610, 615 and 620, respectively. Each workitem includes the fields shown in FIG. 5 and described in the accompanying text.
Workitem 605 includes a BeginTime, and an associated time of insertion t1 into the event queue 515, as indicated in block 630 in FIG. 6. Similarly, workitem 610 includes a BeginTime2 and an associated time of insertion t2 into the event queue 515 as indicated in block 635. Workitem 615 includes a BeginTime3 and an associated time of insertion t3 into the event queue 515 as indicated in block 640. And, workitem 620 includes a BeginTimeN and an associated time of insertion tN into the event queue 515, as indicated in block 645.
In this illustrative example, workitems are ordered in the event queue 515 first by BeginTime and then by the time in which workitems were inserted into the event queue. Such ordering results in the application thread 523 processing workitems in order of BeginTime, or when two workitems have the same begin time, then in FIFO (first in, first out) order.
The ordering of workitems in an event queue is performed using two alternative methods: workitems may be ordered when inserted into an event queue or when workitems are extracted from the event queue prior to processing. Either arrangement is equally usable so long as the processing of workitems from the event queue is performed by BeginTime followed by queue insertion time.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an illustrative arrangement where the application thread 523 automatically inserts two workitems 705 and 715 at the tail end of the event queue 515. The other event queues 510 and 518 (FIG. 5) are not shown in FIG. 7 for ease of clarity in illustration. However, the automatic insertion of workitems by the application thread as described below is equally applicable to such other event queues. As shown, the automatically inserted workitems 705 and 715 follow after workitems 605 and 620 in the event queue 515. In an illustrative example, the automatic insertion of the two workitems is performed when an application starts and the workitems are rescheduled after each tick.
Workitem 705 includes calls into the markup engine (e,g, a markup engine disposed in ICP 435 in FIG. 4) to process timing for a page in application App2 530 as indicated in block 730. In block 735, workitem 715 includes calls into the markup to reflow application App2's markup to reflect processed events and then render the markup on the display device (e.g., display 455 in FIG. 4). Workitems 705 and 715 are always the last workitems processed in an application's tick by application thread 523.
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a method for queuing workitems associated with events that occur in an interactive media environment. In an illustrative example of event queuing with a single application thread, the method is performed by the arrangements shown in FIGS. 4-7 and described in the accompanying text. The method shown is typically performed iteratively for each tick.
The process starts at block 805. At block 810, when the application thread 523 (FIGS. 5-7) is free to process workitems, it first marks each workitem in the event queue 515 whose BeginTime corresponds to the current or previous ticks. Application thread 523 will only process marked workitems. Thus a workitem in event queue 515 will never be processed before its BeginTime.
At decision block 816, if a marked workitem's EndTime has already been passed then it is dropped from event queue 515 as indicated in block 819. No processing on that workitem will be performed in such a case. Should application App2 530 reloads its page, the application's page clock is reset to zero and all outstanding (i.e., queued) workitems based on the application's page clock are dropped from event queue just as if they had reached their EndTime.
If at decision block 816 a marked workitem's EndTime has not been passed, then control is passed to block 822 and the application thread 523 processes the workitem. As noted above in the description accompanying FIG. 6, each workitem is processed in order from the event queue 515: first by BeginTime, followed by the time each workitem was inserted into the event queue 515.
Both repetitive events and one-shot (i.e., single occurrence, non-repetitive) events are managed using the method shown in FIG. 8. A repetitive event may include a periodic event where the associated workitem has an EndTime that is equal to the next scheduled BeginTime. That is, each periodic event has a duration equal to the event's period.
Periodic events typically include events like timer events and application drawing events. For example, if an application's script (e.g., in script host 115 in FIG. 1) creates a timer that will call back once every 10 seconds, it will add a timer workitem to the event queue 515 with a BeginTime equal to the current time plus 10 seconds. The EndTime will be set to the BeginTime plus 10 seconds. Once the timer workitem is executed out of the event queue 515, the BeginTimes and EndTimes will be adjusted by adding another 10 seconds and the workitem will be reinserted into the event queue 515 at the proper location based on the new BeginTime.
Periodic events are invoked whenever possible. But if they cannot be processed by the application thread 523 before the EndTime in their associated workitems expires, then that particular invocation is dropped and the next invocation is scheduled with a new workitem. Thus, periodic events are subject to workitem timeout.
Advantageously, the event queuing method enables a parameter may be passed to timer events to indicate the time that the event is to be invoked. This parameter must be the same as the BeginTime in the associated workitem. Script associated with a periodic timer event might not be run exactly at the invoked time, as noted above. However, as each workitem includes a method field 545 (FIG. 5) that specifies arguments to the method, the argument's value will reflect an intended time of invocation and not the actual time. Accordingly, the handler for a timer event will know what time (i.e., tick) it is handling.
A one-shot event has a corresponding workitem with an EndTime of INFINITE. Therefore, a one-shot event will never be dropped from the event queue 515. For example, if a one-shot event is an input event, then that event's handler is scheduled as a workitem in the event queue 515 with an EndTime of INFINITE.
As indicated in block 822, the processing is performed on a committed basis. That is, once the application thread 523 begins processing a workitem from the event queue 515, it does not stop processing. For example, script which may be long running is not aborted nor are exceptions injected into the script in order to throw it out. While such a scheme can tie up the application thread while it processes script, as noted above the ICP (e.g., ICP 435 in FIG. 4) may be arranged to include other threads which continue to run during the committed processing of workitems.
At block 830, any new workitems that are created during the processing of marked workitems are inserted into the event queue 515 after the marked workitems, regardless of their BeginTime. The process of marking workitems, committing to them and inserting new workitems after the committed workitems in an event queue (as shown in blocks 810, 822 and 830) ensures that the applications are always afforded some visible progress.
As indicated at block 835 and 828 in FIG. 8, the application thread automatically inserts two workitems into each application's event queue for each tick, as shown in FIG. 7 and described in the accompanying text. These workitems call into the markup engine for each application to evaluate application timing and then reflow and render the markup on a display device. As noted above, the workitems are inserted upon application start and a rescheduled after each tick. In addition, the two workitems are always the last two to be processed for an application's tick and are treated as periodic events that may be dropped from the event queue 515.
FIG. 9 is a diagram of a set of graphics planes 900 used in an illustrative graphical compositing model to logically group visual elements on a display by function and/or source. The graphics plane set 900 includes a cursor plane 905, a graphics plane 912, a subpicture plane 918, a subvideo plane 922 and a main video plane 925. The cursor plane 905 is the topmost plane (i.e., perceived by user 930 as closest) in the graphics plane set 900 in which cursor objects like pointers are displayed. The remaining planes are arranged from the top of the display to the bottom, from left to right, as indicated by arrow 935 in FIG. 9.
All planes in the graphics plane set 900 use a common xy coordinate system called a canvas. A third dimension is described by a z axis which projects outwardly from the display as indicated by reference numeral 940 in FIG. 9. Applications running in an interactive media environment belong to specific planes. Applications cannot be explicitly or arbitrarily assigned to planes—the association is made implicitly from the type of application. For example, subtitle applications render in the subpicture plane 918 while most other applications render in the graphics plane 912.
The graphics plane 912 is the second plane of the graphics plane set 900 and is generated by the presentation engine as described below. As noted above, applications that generate interactive content such as graphics and menus in an interactive media environment are typically rendered into the graphics plane 912.
The subpicture plane 918 is the third plane of graphics plane set 900 and is typically used to display subtitles and/or captions produced by respective applications. The subvideo plane 922 is the fourth plane in graphics plane set 900 and is typically used as a secondary video display in a “picture-in-picture” (PIP) arrangement. A PIP window, like that indicated by reference numeral 942 is often smaller than the main video display and may have other differing characteristics such as reduced resolution, different aspect ratio, etc.
The main video plane 925 is the fifth plane in the graphics plane set 900 and is positioned at the bottom of the stack of planes. The main video plane 925 is typically used to display video content in the interactive media environment including video titles as described above in the description accompanying FIG. 3. As shown in FIG. 9, all the planes in graphics plane set 900 are mixed and composited into a single display 950 by a graphics rendering engine as described below.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing Z order of three visual elements within a first illustrative application called AppA. It is emphasized that the Z order within an application is different than the Z order of the application. That is, an application generates visual elements that have a Z order within the application and, the application is itself Z ordered among a plurality of applications that are running on an ICP (such as ICP 435 in FIG. 4).
Application AppA generates three visual elements including element 1010 (cross), element 1020 (star) and element 1030 (arrow) with Z order of 0, 1 and 2, respectively that are in a stacked arrangement as shown. Thus, for a set of N elements, a set of Z order values starts at 0 for the lowest element in the stack and ends at N−1 for the highest element in the stack. Elements 1010, 1020 and 1030 are drawn on a display 1045. Window 1050 in FIG. 10 shows the Z order of the visual elements produced by AppA as if looking at the display 1045 “edgewise.”Display 1045 and window 1050 are oriented with respect to each other as indicated by xyz coordinates 1055.
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing Z order of visual elements within a second illustrative application called AppB. Application AppB generates three visual elements including element 1110 (triangle), element 1020 (oval) and element 1030 (rectangle) with Z order of 0, 1 and 2, respectively that are in a stacked arrangement on display 1145. Window 1150 shows the Z order of the visual elements produced by AppB in an edgewise view of display 1145 as indicated by xyz coordinates 1155.
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a composited display 1245 having visual elements (collectively indicated by reference numeral 1210) that are generated from the both applications AppA and AppB. Window 1250 provides an edgewise view of display 1245 (as indicated by xyz coordinates 1255) and shows that applications AppA and AppB have a relative Z order with respect to each other. In addition, applications AppA and AppB each generate visual elements for which Z order is maintained within the application, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 and described in the accompanying text.
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an illustrative arrangement 1300 where applications are rendered in priority order and composited in bottoms up order. Arrangement 1300 includes an edgewise view 1350 of a display that is oriented towards a user 1330 as indicated by xyz coordinates 1355. In other illustrative arrangements (not shown in FIG. 13), the rendering is performed in bottoms up (i.e., Z order responsively to the requirements of a particular setting.
Five applications are running in an interactive media environment including AppA, AppB, AppC, AppD and AppE as indicated by reference numerals 1305,1310, 1315, 1320 and 1325, respectively. The applications are composited bottoms up, in Z order, in window 1350, as indicated by arrow 1352. Compositing starts with application AppA 1305 with a Z order=0 and end with application AppD 1325 with a Z order =4.
In this illustrative example, as shown at the instant in time shown by FIG 13, application AppC 1320 is the focused application producing visual elements 1358 that receives user events. However, by virtue of running in a dynamic environment, the particular application having focus typically changes over time by design, and all applications can move up and down in Z order typically as a video title progresses (although it is also emphasized that applications are able to change Z order as they run and operate even in cases when the main video is stopped, paused or frozen). In addition, the focused application can be in any position in the stack (i.e, have any Z order). In many scenarios, however, the focused application will be towards the top of the display order so that it can interact with the user 1330 and receive user events such as button pushes (e.g., from remote control 1332), mouse clicks etc. in a manner that is consistent with user expectations.
As indicated by arrow 1362, applications are rendered in priority order starting with the focused application (e.g., application AppD 1320) followed by the remaining applications in top down, or inverse Z order.
FIG. 14 is a flowchart for an illustrative method in which applications are rendered in priority order and composited in bottoms up order. The method starts at block 1405. At block 1412, the Z order, as described above, is maintained for applications running in an interactive media environment. Initial Z order for applications that are associated with a particular video title is specified by the playlist 290 (FIG. 2) using absolute values (e.g., 1, 2, 5, 7 . . . 87, etc.). These absolute values are immediately converted to a relative Z ordering by sorting all applications based on playlist Z order using playlist lexical ordering to break any ties.
Applications are enabled to invoke methods to manipulate their relative Z ordering as the video title progresses in block 1415. Such methods include, for example: a) moving the application to the top of the Z order within a plane; b) moving the application to the bottom of the Z order within a plane; and c) changing an application's Z order to be immediately above the application above it in the display stack.
As noted above, applications belong to specific planes which places a limit on how far an application can move in Z order through invocation of a Z order manipulation method. For example, calling a method to move a subtitle application to the top will make it the topmost application subtitle application in the subpicture plane 918 (FIG. 9), but visual elements generated therein might still be occluded (i.e., obscured) by visual elements rendered into the graphics plane 912 by applications in that plane. Similarly, calling a method to move a regular interactive application to the bottom will move make it the bottom-most application in the graphics plane 912 but will still leave it above all subtitle applications.
At block 1416, an application receives an event to provide a notification that the application's Z order has changed. Such notification is alternatively arranged to be received when an application transitions to, or away from, the topmost application. Such notification would enable, for example, a game application to pause itself when a menu produced by menu-generating application moves to a position with the highest Z order.
The illustrative method continues at block 1418 where visual elements from applications are rendered into one or more graphics buffers. The rendering is performed in priority order, in most scenarios, which starts with the focused application followed by the remaining applications in inverse Z order from the top of the display downwards. Drawing (i.e., two dimensional “2D” drawing) is handled by drawing into a “canvas” object in the application's markeup (e.g., markup 120 in FIG. 1) which is then rendered into the graphics buffer in much the same way as rendering a PNG (Portable Network Graphics) file.
The buffering step is arranged, in the illustrative method shown in FIG. 14, so that applications are rendered by posting workitems corresponding to periodic render events in respective application event queues. Event queues and associated methods that may be used with this arrangement are shown in FIGS. 5-8 and described in the accompanying text.
The posting of workitems means that the rendering of application frames is subject to workitem timeout. Doubled buffering of applications is accordingly performed to accommodate the possibility that new application frames may not always be rendered for each video frame if priority is placed elsewhere in the playback system. In such a case, the most recently available frame will continue to be shown until the new one has been completed.
At block 1421, prior to compositing the display, each application is checked to see if it includes a <clearrect> element in its markup (e.g., markup 120 in FIG. 1). Such element is included to produce an opening (i.e., a “hole”) in the graphics produced by the application through which the main video plane 925 may be seen. The <clearrect> element produces a rectangular shaped opening, but other regular geometric shapes, irregular shapes, and other arbitrary shapes are also usable depending on requirements of a specific setting.
Elements such as <clearrect> and other such opening-producing elements are not included in the graphics buffers at such time the applications are rendered in block 1418 of the method. Instead, the holes are cleared in applications with lower Z order than the application with the <clearrect> element during compositing so that the main video plane 925 is seen through the holes in the applications. Since rendering is performed in a prioritized manner, it is not practical to implement the <clearrect> element at the time the applications are rendered into the buffer. If it were so implemented, and a lower priority application did not get immediately updated, then there would be a possibility that a hole could inappropriately appear. This would occur, for example, if Z order changed, or the application with the <clearrect> element terminated while the lower priority application was waiting to be updated while in timeout.
At block 1425, applications are composited from the bottom up, in Z order, as shown in FIG. 12 and described in the accompanying text. In most settings, the simple Painter's Algorithm is useable where each application's markup in rendered into the graphics plane 912 using the most recent buffered frame for each application. In addition, as described above, <clearrect> or other opening-producing elements are implemented during the compositing step. The illustrative method ends at block 1433.
FIG. 15 is a block diagram of an illustrative playback system 1500. A navigation manager 1505 maintains a strict ordering of N applications running in an interactive media environment. Each application is given a Z order from 0 to N−1 and all applications have a unique Z order. There are no gaps in ordering and no two applications have the same Z order. Z order 0 appears at the bottom of display 1512 and Z order N−1 appears at the top. As video titles progress in time, the navigation manager 1505 maintains Z order for the applications in a dynamic fashion from initial Z order values set by the playlist (e.g., playlist 290 in FIG. 2), as described above.
The navigation manager 1505 is coupled to a presentation engine 1515 and a graphics rendering engine 1518. The presentation engine 1515 is arranged, in most settings, to present each of the planes in the graphics plane set 900 to the graphics rendering engine 1518 which performs compositing of the planes and applications therein onto the display 1512.
Disposed between the presentation engine 1515 and the graphics rendering engine 1518 are one or more graphics buffers 1, 2 . . . N as indicated by reference numerals 1522, 1526 and 1528, respectively. The N graphics buffers are arranged to map to respective applications on a one-on-one basis. That is Nbuffers=Napplication. In alternative arrangements, a single buffer (indicated by reference numeral 1540) is utilized for all applications, or graphics buffers are mapped to applications on an unequal basis.
FIG. 16 is a flow chart for an illustrative method for distributing input events to multiple applications. The method starts at block 1605. At block 1608, Z order is noted for a plurality of N applications that are currently running in an interactive media environment, for example, on ICP 435 (FIG. 4).
Input events are first delivered to the focused application followed by all remaining applications in the plurality of N applications in inverse Z order. Accordingly, at block 1614, an input event is delivered to the focused application. Input events, in this illustrative method, include user events, system events, application events and navigation events. User events, system events and application events are described above in the text accompanying FIG. 5. Navigation events typically include events from a remote control (e.g., remote control 1332 in FIG. 13) that correspond to the button pushes for up, down, left, right, etc.
At decision block 1617, if the focused application consumes the input event, then input event processing stops at block 1625 and the method terminates. If the focused application does not consume the input event, then at block 1632, the input event is delivered to the application having the highest Z order among the plurality of applications. If the highest Z ordered application consumes the input event, then input event processing stops at block 1640 and the method terminates.
If the highest Z ordered application does not consume the event, then delivery of the input event is made to the next highest Z ordered application. Z order is counted down in inverse order at block 1645 and the method continues iteratively through block 1648 until either an application consumes the input event, or there are no more applications to which the input event is deliverable. In this latter case, input event processing stops at block 1650 and the method terminates.
Input event processing within an application proceeds as if the application and markup objects (for example, from markup 120 in FIG. 1) are all arranged in a single DOM, with the application object at the top. Consistent with the W3C eventing model, such arrangement enables the application object to capture input events before they are passed to the application's markup. At each object, that object is afforded an opportunity to capture the input event. Once a capture occurs, the input event handler has the option to stop further input event processing. Input events that are not handled in the markup bubble back up through the application object. In this way, event handling within an application is unified with the model for event handling across applications. Note that in most settings, markup may only handle user and navigation events. Application and system events are typically handled only through script.
Many visual elements in an application's markup are arranged to accept an “accesskey” attribute that assigns a specified “key” to a particular visual element. Accordingly, any visual element in an application that has a matching accesskey attribute will consume the input event after handling it. Navigation events are also processed in a similar manner.
Application events implemented using an <event> element in markup create and schedule corresponding workitems into an event queue as shown in FIGS. 5-8 and described in the accompanying text. Accordingly, the <event> element will not appear as a function call to its event handler. This occurs because new workitems are inserted into the event queue, and handled, after all marked workitems as discussed above, which will most likely occur in the next tick. In addition, as events are delivered to all in applications in priority order (i.e., focused application followed by the remaining application in inverse Z order) an application event may be handled by an application other than the one that created it. System events are also created and scheduled using the workitem paradigm.
Input events handled by script present a situation that differs from that with markup because an ICP (such as ICP 435 in FIG. 4) does not know in advance whether script will handle a particular input event. Thus input events handlers for script must return a flag to indicate whether an input event was consumed: returning true indicates that the input was consumed; returning false indicates that the input event was not consumed.
Application script is provided with the first opportunity to process input events that have not been handled. Thus, script may override the default player behavior implemented by markup for accesskey and navigation input events.
It is noted that “consumed” and “handled” as used herein can often mean the same thing. However, in some scenarios they are not exactly the same. For example, an application may want to consume an input event even though it does do anything with it in order to hide the input event from lower Z ordered applications. Alternatively, an application may take some action to handle an event yet return a false flag indicating that the input event was not handled so that it can propagate further down the Z order.
An example of the illustrative method shown in FIG. 15 is now described. A user is running an interactive game that responds to the up, down, left and right buttons on a remote control (e.g., remote control 1332 in FIG. 13). The game is the topmost application on a display (i.e., it has a Z order=N−1). The game is not designed by its author to handle a “menu” button on the remote control.
A menu application is running simultaneously with the game. It has a lower Z order, and either appears below the game, or perhaps it has no visual elements on the display (and hence, does not appear at all). As the menu application has a lower Z order than the game, it only receives input events that are not handled by the game. As the user is pressing the up, down, left and right keys on the remote control, the game handles those keys either in markup or though a script handler that returns a true flag for those keys and false for everything else.
When the user decides to stop the game, the menu button on the remote control is pressed. This input event is first delivered to the game application (as the focused application) which does not handle it. The input event is then delivered to the menu application which responds by invoking a method to move itself to the top of the display with the highest Z order (this method is described in the description accompanying FIG. 14). Such movement ensures that future up, down, left, and right input events from the remote control will go first to the menu application so that the user can navigate through the menus.
It is noted that for the sake of clarity and ease of illustration in the description above that data, programs, and other executable program components such as operating systems are shown is discrete blocks, boxes or other elements although it is recognized and emphasized that such programs and components may reside at various times in different storage, memory or processing components of any hardware host used and are executed by one or more processors in such host hardware.
Although various illustrative arrangements and methods for managing application states in an interactive media environment have been shown and described, it should be understood that the scope of the claims appended hereto shall not necessarily be limited to the specific features, arrangements or methods described. Instead, the specific features, arrangements or methods are disclosed as illustrative forms of implementing managed applications states in an interactive media environment as more particularly claimed below.
terminating event processing once the input event is consumed by an application.
2. The method of claim 1 where the input event is selected from one of user events, system events, navigation events and application events.
3. The method of claim 1 where the consuming includes handling the input event.
4. The method of claim 1 where the consuming includes handling the input event and returning a false consumption indication so that the input event is delivered to applications with lower Z order.
5. The method of claim 1 where the consuming includes no handling other than returning a positive consumption indication to hide the input event from applications with lower Z order.
delivering the input event from the event queue to the plurality of applications in priority order.
7. The method of claim 6 in which a markup posts the workitem.
8. The method of claim 6 in which an interactive media playback system posts the workitem.
9. The method of claim 6 in which posting the one or more workitems includes inserting the one or more workitems into the event queue after marked workitems.
10. The method of claim 9 where time in counted in the interactive media environment using a sequence of ticks and the inserted one or more workitems are handled last for each tick.
11. The method of claim 6 where the input event is handled by a different application than an application which posts the one or more workitems.
enabling an application to capture the input event.
13. The computer-readable medium of claim 12 in which an application capturing the input event handles the input event.
14. The computer-readable medium of claim 12 in which an application capturing the input event consumes the input event.
15. The computer-readable medium of claim 14 in which a flag is returned if the input event is consumed.
16. The computer-readable medium of claim 12 in which an application object handles the input event.
17. The computer-readable medium of claim 16 in which input event processing within an application proceeds as if the application and markup objects are in a single DOM with the application object on top.
18. The computer-readable medium of claim 12 in which a script processes the input event first followed by markup.
19. The computer-readable medium of claim 18 in which the input event moves up through an application object if the input event is not handled by markup.
20. The computer-readable medium of claim 12 in which markup accepts the input event if the markup includes an accesskey attribute that matches the input event. | 2019-04-20T17:27:41Z | https://patents.google.com/patent/US20070005757A1/en |
If you read my Architecting Complexity post, you know I feel pretty strongly about the need for Software Architecture in software development in general, but especially in “app” development. So far, I’ve not gone in to very much detail into my approach to applying Software Architecture to software development. To be fair, I’m going to focus only on app development, but many of the principles here apply much more broadly. It just happens that developing apps is something I do a lot, so I’ve developed a consistent strategy regarding it.
I can’t put all this in one post, so I’ll be splitting it out into several posts.
Software Architecture helps manage complexity, declare dependencies, formally structure the app and in general makes it easier to change the app and Unit Test it. At first glance, applying architecture to software can make the app appear more complicated, but if you understand the architectural paradigm it will make the app easier to understand. Morevoer, you know exactly where to make changes because the types of tasks are explicitly contained in specific objects.
Anybody that does Apple development will be familiar with the MVC (Model View Controller) paradigm. This is a Software Architecture that defines three essential “types” of objects in an app and how those objects interact with each other. It is my belief, however warranted, that the MVC is the barest absolute minimum architecture that should be applied to an app. It is the sad, unfortunate state that many software projects often don’t meet this standard. However, to truly build a robust app there should be many more layers of architecture than just the Model, View and Controller.
Let’s begin with with some goals, first: - Software should be modular. Meaning the components should be easily rearranged in order to adjust to changes in requirements, new features or even bug fixes. - Software components should, as much as possible, conform to the SRP: The Single Responsibility Principle. This essentially means that any software component should be responsible for one, and only one “thing” (or responsibility). - Implicit interdependencies between software components should be eliminated or reduced as much as possible. This means that component A shouldn’t require component B in order to work. However, component A can require a component like B (via a protocol). - Interdependencies should be explicit and swappable. The best way to do this is through protocols. - Dependencies should be injected whenever possible. - Never use a singleton if you can avoid it. Instead, use an injector of some kind. Singletons create hidden dependencies that make changes unpredictable. Also, be careful about “practical singletons” in form of some kind of globally referenced state. For example: storing a class in the app delegate for “easy” reference. That is a “singleton in practice” and should be avoided.
It’s important to keep in mind that these are goals. Sometimes it just doesn’t make sense to go “all the way” given budget and time constraints. But they should be goals.
The key in software architecture is identifying the types of tasks you need to accomplish and specializing certain objects in those types of tasks. For instance, it’s very common for a View Controller to initiate a segue, instantiate another view controller, pop itself off a navigation stack, etc. But all of these things really have nothing to do with view controllers. Instead, they’re routing tasks and as such they should be handled by a separate object that handles routing. Oddly, I call these “routers”. By using routers, you separate the routing functionality from the view controllers, allowing you to change your routes in a single place. This makes your codebase much more flexible and easy to change.
Router: The router is the conductor of the app, it controls and managers the transitions between view controllers, injects them with the appropriate delegates and ensures all the “pieces” of the app are where they should be. Generally, a single router is paired with a storyboard. This gives the router access to the view controllers it needs. Alternately, the router can simple instantiate the view controller directly and inject a view layout engine/controller. For the sake of simplicity, I’m going to assume you’re using storyboards as layout engines are a topic to themselves.
View Controller: The view controller controls views. This includes passing data to the views, managing view state (not layouts) and communicating with the router and a dataSource for it’s routing and data needs, respectively.
Wire Frame: The wire frame defines view layouts. They’re often paired with view controllers, but are independent of those View Controllers. Most commonly, a Storyboard item or a nib file is used, but it can also be a separate class item responsible for handling layouts.
Logic Controller (data source): The basic definition of a logic controller is that it encapsulates a piece of business/app logic. In this case we’re use logic controllers as a data source for the view controllers. They’re job is to provide data for the view controllers and respond to requests for changes made by the view controller.
Dependency Injector: A dependency injector ranges from something as simple as a class container to more complex classes that dynamically instantiate class types on request.
The routers are the conductors. They instantiate the view controllers and inject them with the appropriate delegates. In this way, a view controller never need to import or use anything other than a couple protocols. The view controller is both configurable and “siloed”. It has a very clear realm of responsibility and the application logic (via the logic controller) can be switched out (and Unit Tested). Often the Routers will hold a reference to a simple dependency injector they can use to inject the appropriate class objects. Logic Controller often need access to several class type (often Model Managers) to do it’s job and the Router will pass into the Logic Controller the injector so that it has access to the class objects it needs. Usually, Logic Controllers are dynamically instantiated and injected into each view controller before it’s loaded, either by the Router itself or by the dependency injector. The router will then inject itself as the view controller’s router so it can respond to routing requests by the view controller.
There is at least one “Master Router”. The master router is initialized and retained by the app delegate and the key window is passed to it. The Master router’s first responsibility is to set a root view controller, sometimes as a simple placeholder (loading view), an Intro view, login screen or a home “page”. The point here, is the router can dynamically choose which to load, dependent upon whatever necessary conditions are present in the app. You never need to “go through” another view controller in order to reach a desired state.
Routers are generally paired with a storyboard, or something equivalent, where they can instantiate the appropriate view controller. It doesn’t have to be a storyboard (though they’re convenient). The Router can instantiate the View Controller and inject a layout engine, but since storyboards are so good at this we’re going to assume you’re using a storyboard for now.
If the app is small, a Single Router & Storyboard may be sufficient. But for larger apps it makes sense to split the storyboard into multiple storyboards and create a hierarchy of Routers to handle them. Each “sub” router has it’s own Storyboard and also has it’s own router, injected by the instantiating router. This allows the sub-router to notify it’s parent when it is done. It also allows the sub-router to forward requests it’s not capable of handling. When a parent router loads a sub-router, it will normally inject itself as the router’s router (delegate) and provide some sort of “context” the sub-router can work in. Very often, this context will be a Navigation Controller, but it could also be a Tab Controller or some other container.
The parent-child router hierarchy works a lot like a responder chain. Where a view controller (or some other object) may request some kind of routing behavior. If the router can’t handle the request, it should pass the request to it’s own router/delegate, and so on. This allows you to consolidate certain behavior into upper level Routers instead of duplicating code across view controllers. As an example, instead of having each view controller display an Alert (for whatever case), forward that request to it’s router. It can then forward it up to the Master Router, who will then either handle the request or instantiate a sub-router devoted to displaying Alerts. In this way, you can customize all alerts in a single place, maintaining the consistency across the app. If you want to change how an alert is displayed, you need only change the code in one place.
View Controllers are probably the most abused object type in the history of programming. They seem to be the central repository of anything that not anything else. I’ve seen view controllers balloon to 3k, 4k and even 5k lines of code. This should not be.
No View Controller will be aware of any other view controller in the app.
Even in the case of container view controllers, they do not know what kind of view controllers they’re containing. You should be able to switch out the view controllers without breaking your container.
View Controllers never instantiate another view controller. Of course, if they’re not aware of other view controllers then this is given.
View Controllers never initiate a segue.
View Controllers never store or cache data.
A weakly held router, which the view controller can use to route interactions. So, for instance, if the user hits the back button, the view controller will alert the router of this action.
A strongly held dataSource, which the view controller will use to retrieve the data it needs. The dataSource is almost always some kind of Logic Controller.
Both of these properties are defined solely by one or more protocols, which are defined in a separate file(s) and both properties must be injected, meaning the View Controller cannot instantiate either value. This has the effect of making the view controllers configurable. Because the dataSource and router are defined by protocols, any object can be used that satisfies the protocols, allowing you to swap out datasources or routers easily.
Along with the dataSource protocol, I will also normally define transport objects I use to pass information to the view controller. It’s tempting to simply pass model objects to the view controller, but I warn against that. I’ve often been able to reuse View Controllers to display different model types simply by using a different Logic Controller. By tying your View Controller to a specific model class, you loose this ability.
Views are pretty obvious. In iOS they almost alway derive from UIView, or NSView for Mac. But they are still ripe for abuse. The most common mistake I see is tying down a view to a Model object. I’ve often see views that will take a Model object and configure itself according the data in that object. This is bad design. By doing this, you’ve essentially “locked” that view to the specific model. If you wish to display any other data in the same way, you’re forced to create a new view even instead of reusing the one you have. Moreover, the task of filling view’s with data is the responsibility of the View Controller. This is what the view controller is supposed to do. By having the view do this, you break even the basic MVC architecture.
However, I often see developers feel “forced” to use this pattern for table cells because they need to access some sort of “data” from within the cell, usually in response to a cell being selected or something similar. If you ‘must’ store data in a view, do so by adding a generic, untyped (id) data property. But really, consider your design paradigm. Most of the time, it’s better to request the data from the data source using the index path.
Generally, if you’re passing some kind of Model object to a view you should probably re-consider what you’re dong. I do make one exception though: Asset Containers. I often use a Asset Container instead of the asset themselves. The container is generally paired with an Asset Manager, and lazily instantiates the asset in question by requesting it from the Asset Manager through a weak reference. So, for example, if I have a view that cycles through a set of images, I will pass it a set of ImageContainers. It will then request the images as it needs them from the container. In this way, you can avoid loading up a bunch of images you don’t need and the Asset Manager can maintain the asset cache and, more importantly unique the asset so it’s not duplicated in memory.
In the case of Storyboards, the Wireframe is doubling as a kind of rudimentary Dependency Injector by retrieving a predefined wireframe, injecting it into a View Controller and then returning the resulting View Controller. It’s insufficient, though, in that you cannot define any other injections which you will need to do for proper architecture.
A word about Segues: I avoid Segues as much as possible… in fact, I never use them except for visual annotation in a Storyboard. While they are good idea, I think they are poorly implemented by Apple. The primary problem is that a Segue forces a View Controller to become a dependency injector and creates static paths between view controllers. It forces the developer to use bad architecture. The remedy is easy: If we were allowed to set a delegate for a Segue, we could do the dependency injection in whatever object we choose (like, say, a dependency injector). But that’s not possible right now, and until it is I highly recommend you avoid Segues.
The basic definition of a logic controller is a class that encapsulates a piece of business logic. In this case, we’re using them as a datasource for our view controllers. They will often sit “between” the view controller and one or more “Model Managers” and/or other logic controllers. As a data source, they’re responsible for responding to requests for data from a view controller and possibly for notifying the view controller (normally through a callback) of changes to the data. They will often require injection of several class types (defined by protocols). They not only provide an abstraction of the business logic from the view controllers, but they provide a convenient place to Unit Test the app’s logic. They will often maintain their own separate cache of objects and are responsible for converting the Model objects into transport objects that can be used by the view controller.
A dependency injector is essentially an object that is responsible for “providing” the required class objects another class needs to function. There’s a lot of information on dependency injection on the internet and why it should be used, so I’m not going to rehash that topic. Suffice it to say that there is a wide range of complexity involved with creating a dependency injector. It can be something as simple as a class container that’s passed around and holds references to other class objects to be used as needed. More functional dependency injectors will contain logic to inject the dependencies themselves where needed. More advanced dependency injection systems are possible and may even be integrated into the OS/Framework (I believe Android/Java has one). There are even whole 3rd-party Frameworks available for DI.
I personally believe that a Framework is unnecessary. Dependency injectors are easy to implement. They’ll often contain some kind of ‘loading’ method for loading the basic classes to be injected and then they’ll have method to request certain object types along with optional parameters. They instantiate the object in question along with the appropriate dependencies and return it. This helps isolate “object creation” from “object usage”. And so long as you’re using a protocol, you can swap out injectors for special use cases (Unit Testing, for example).
Using this architecture (or something like it) really helps make your apps adaptable, your codebase modular, and your components testable. Moreover, it gives you a framework to build and maintain complex apps.
In other posts, I will go over the other architectural patterns I use in developing apps. I’ll explain Model Manager, Persistence Layers, interacting with Server/Transport layers, etc. | 2019-04-25T04:07:12Z | https://www.functionalgibberish.com/blog/2015/2/19/architecting-apps-view-controllers-routers |
There is a story that my grandmother said her grandmother told to her grandmother when she was a child living in the Tatra Mountains in the south of Poland. The story has it that at one point my grandmother’s grandmother’s grandmother’s father was having what we would call a midlife crisis. So, he went off in search of wisdom and the truth. Well, my family are not great adventurers by nature, so, Dziadek (grandfather) Janush walked over to the church and asked the priest where he could find wisdom. The good Father stroked his beard, and told Dziadek Janush to go up into the mountains where he would find a cave with a well near the back of it.
With renewed hope and vigor, my Dziadek walked through the mountain pass to the other side of the mountain. He walked down the mountain to a little village he had never been to before, and on to the crossroads at the heart of the tiny village. There he found three shops. They looked very poor and ramshackle to him. One was selling bits of metal, the second sold wood, and the third sold thin wire. It made no sense to him. What did this detritus have to do with wisdom or truth?
Time went by as time is wont to do. Days turned to weeks. Weeks became months. Months grew into years. And Dziadek settled into his routines and life took on a softness for him and his family. Then one evening Dziadek was walking by the Church rectory where the priest lived and he heard the sound of sweet music coming from the porch. The music was sweet and haunting and quite wonderful. Dziadek stood there in rapt attention watching the priest play the suka, a Polish fiddle like instrument. The Father’s fingers danced on the strings, he played with masterful concentration and ease. Then Dziadek began to notice the suka itself. It was made of beautiful carved wood, with the strings attached to it with metal pieces. And standing there in the moonlight, watching the good Father play and listening to the music, the light dawned on Dziadek, the suka was made with wood, metal and wire, just like those sold in the stores which he thought were bits of scrap and junk.
Finally he understood the message from the well. We are all always already given everything that we need. Our responsibility is to see the relationships and connections among the elements, to assemble the parts of our lives and use them in the best way possible. Nothing is meaningful when we see only the disparate parts in isolation. But once we put the parts together, we discover the alchemy of synthesis and harmony, a whole new creation comes into being that we could not have foreseen by looking only at each part independently. We must find the synergistic alchemy and interdependence of all of the elements of our lives if we are to live well, if we are to live in harmony with each other and with our environment.
And they did indeed live happily ever after.
Bread may be the staff of life, but in my family food was surely the stuff of life. When you walked into my parents home, if you were friend or family (in my parents world, there were family, friends and strangers, if they knew you for 10 minutes and liked you, you were immediately friend); so, if you were family or friend you went to the kitchen where the entire contents of the refrigerator appeared on the table. We all sat and ate and talked. But there was no talking before there was eating. No one ever left my parent’s home hungry! So, I fell in love with the story of ropa vieja the second I heard it.
If you know any Spanish at all, you know that ropa vieja means old clothes. So, what does that have to do with food? Just this: old clothes plus love (lots of love) equals food.
In the Canary Islands, Venezuela, Cuba and Mexico the story is told of a man whose family was coming to visit him. He loved his family deeply and wanted to prepare a grand feast to welcome them to his home. But he was a poor man and could not afford to buy food for them. But he deeply wanted to show them his love and to feed them. So, he went to his closet, gathered some of his favorite old clothes (ropa vieja) and imbued those clothes with his love. He then put the clothes in his stew pot and cooked them with the herbs and some vegetables from his garden. By the time his family arrived, the clothes turned into a wonderful beef stew!
Alchemy at its best — the nurturing transformative power of love.
And today, Ropa Vieja is a well loved family meal in the Canary Islands, Cuba, Venezuela and Mexico. The dish might (or might not) have chickpeas or potatoes; sometimes it is just the shredded meat (beef, chicken and/or pork) in sauce. It is often made with mint, garlic, tomatoes, onions and green peppers. It is often served with beans and rice and sweet plantains. For families today, ropa vieja is much like old clothes: warm, comforting and familiar.
Love, let us bask in it. May it flow through all of our lives in abundance. May it nurture us body and mind, heart and soul, even as it knits us ever more closely in the hearts and arms of family and friends.
The path to greatness is seldom smooth or straight. Indeed, excellence is a hard won standard. When I think of greatness and excellence in art, Michelangelo is certainly one of the names that fairly quickly comes to my mind. But art was not Michelangelo’s most predictable career, it was his most passionate calling.
On March 6, 1475 Michelangelo was born Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni in Caprese in Tuscany, Italy. For generations the men in his family had been bankers, his father was a banker, and everyone expected that Michelangelo would carry on the family tradition, and that he too would make the honorable and respectful choice – that he would become a banker. Banking was in his blood after all. But life is not always predictable. Life is often not predictable.
In 1481, when Michelangelo was 6 his mother became very ill, and died. This was more than his father could bear, and that year Michelangelo was sent to the country to live with a stonecutter and his family. Michelangelo was fascinated with the work of the stone cutter. He was entranced with the man’s ability to step up to the side of a mountain and elicit from it blocks of stone which the man then transformed into shapes and figures. Michelangelo would watch the stonecutter for hours, noticing how he held and used the tools, how he stood and moved in relationship with the mountain.
But Michelangelo was six and had just lost his mother. For a young boy, love and hate are very near neighbors. One day Michelangelo’s grief at his loss of his mother exploded as he witnessed the stonecutter’s happiness. If he (Michelangelo) was miserable and unhappy, it was not fair that this man should have such peace and contentment in his life. (Of course Michelangelo could not have put these words to his feelings, but in later years, he found his way to a similar expression as he thought back on this day.) He raged at the stonecutter. He berated him for his lowly station in life, for the lack of comforts, for the lack of power and influence that the stonecutter had achieved.
The man listened thoughtfully to the young boy. He let him go on until his emotions were spend, and when the anger and run its course and became tears, the stonecutter gathered Michelangelo into his strong arms and hugged him tenderly as if he were his own son. Then he sat down with Michelangelo on his lap and told him this story.
Michelangelo, the things you say to me are nearly true. They are matters that have come to my mind in the past, and I have considered them most carefully, for at one time I was quite dissatisfied with myself and with my position in life.
Then, one day I was walking by a very wealthy merchant’s home. Through the gate and past the door of his house I was more riches than I could ever have imagined. The man had important visitors coming and going all day. “How important and powerful this merchant must be.” I thought to myself. I envied him like no other, and wished that I could be him. Well, to my astonishment, I became the merchant. I was enjoying luxuries and power beyond my greatest dreams. I was envied – and detested – by those less wealthy than myself.
But then the Governor passed by, carried in a sedan chair, accompanied by servants and soldiers and musicians and dancing girls. Everyone bowed before the procession. And I thought, “How important and powerful this Governor is.” I envied him like no other, and wished that I could be a great Governor.
And before I could blink my eye, I was the Governor. I was carried everywhere in a beautiful sedan. I had servants, and guards and musicians. My wishes became commandments, and all bowed before me. And then one day was especially hot, and I became sweaty and sticky and uncomfortable in my chair. I looked up and saw the sun. The sun beamed magnificently in the sky, unaffected by my presence and commands, unaffected by anyone. And I thought, “How powerful is the sun.” And I wished that I could be the sun.
And as soon as I had finished my thought, I was the sun. I was shining brightly, fiercely on everyone. I scorched the fields and dried the ponds, and the farmers and sweating laborers cursed at me. And just then a magnificent storm cloud moved between me and the earth, so that my light could not be seen by anything below. And I thought, “How magnificent and powerful that storm cloud is.” And I wished that I could be the storm cloud.
I became the cloud, and I sent out my rain. I flooded the rivers and the fields. The villagers looked up and shouted at me. And as they did, I could feel myself being moved. It was the wind blowing me away. And I thought, “How powerful the wind is!” And I wished that I was the wind.
And in the instant of that thought, I was the wind. I was a splendid and powerful wind. I blew roofs off houses, uprooted trees. I was feared by everyone. But then I came up against something that I could not move, no matter how I blew against it, no matter how much force and speed I used. It was a huge towering stone mountain. And I thought, “How powerful that mountain is.” And I wished that I could be that mountain.
And, I became the mountain. Standing strong and sure, I was more powerful than anything else on this earth. But as I stood there, I heard the sound of a hammer pounding a chisel into the solidity of my rock. I felt myself being changed. “What could be more powerful than me? I am solid stone?” And I looked down and saw a stonecutter.
And once again I became how I was and always will be.
And Michelangelo snuggled into the stonecutter’s arms and murmured, “I will be who I will always be” even as he held onto the stonecutter’s chisel.
Michelangelo is often quoted as saying, “If there is some good in me, it is because I was born in the subtle atmosphere of Arezzo. Along with the milk of my nurse I received the knack of handling chisel and hammer.” Michelangelo grew to be one of the world’s most respected stonecutters.
with thanks to Benjamin Hoff for his version of the stonecutter in the Tao of Pooh, and to the myriad versions of the Chinese/Japanese/Indian parable on the web.
of all that is alive.
on the surface of the river.
in the clear water of a pond.
my legs as thin as bamboo sticks.
after being raped by a sea pirate.
with plenty of power in my hands.
dying slowly in a forced-labor camp.
it makes flowers bloom all over the Earth.
This is a lovely, unflinching meditation on how all of being and all of human experience weaves together into a single tapestry of the whole. It can even draw comparisons with Walt Whitman’s “Song of Myself,” where everything, terrible and beautiful, is one, is witnessed, and is found within oneself.
Most of us have learned to anticipate what will happen next, and we end up mentally dwelling in our fantasies and fears about the future. But the future is merely an idea; it never has reality. The present moment is all that is ever real. And that is where we must dwell if we want to truly be alive and know what is real.
The present is a state of “still arriving.” Because the present moment is not a fixed space in time, you can’t say that anything encountered in the present is fixed and settled either. The present is a gossamer thin and moving point of light where all things are just barely stepping into the visibility of being… as the moment keeps moving. Everything, everyone, in every second is always just arriving. The present is a continuous becoming.
Another fascinating thing is discovered when we truly, deeply perceive the present moment: Not only are we and all things “still arriving,” but the illusion of boundaries and separate being falls away. The notion of identity expands and recognizes itself just as naturally in all things witnessed. We find we are not just the person watching the bud on the Spring branch, but in our arriving we are equally the Spring bud, the young bird, the caterpillar in the flower, the jewel waiting in the stone. This is not some poetic game of words; it is what we actually perceive.
When we finally see this truth then, for the first time, we can truly witness the world as it is. And that is what this poem is most about: witnessing. Thich Nhat Hanh invites to courageously witness the panorama of life, wonders and horrors alike. Through this form of true witnessing, we are not spectators watching others from a distance; no, it all unfolds upon us and in us. We are witnessing ourselves in many forms. We recognize that anything that happens anywhere in the world, is truly happening to ourselves and no other. And everything done, is done by ourselves and no other.
This is why compassion is not altruistic and service is no effort. When we finally see things as they are, it is all oneself. When we offer our heart, when we offer our hand, we are simply helping ourselves. Who among us, when he touches a hot iron, doesn’t immediately pull back and then soothe the burn under cool water? That’s not altruism, it is the natural response to pain in one’s body. When we see clearly, we see we are all of one body, and the joys and pains of any other is yours as well.
Compassion and an open heart are the natural result of being awake to this truth, and no effort at all.
today is Easter. We decided to go to church to honor the moment and to re-member. It was the right choice.
The gathering words were taken from a poem by Wendell Berry. The words seemed so right, I thought I would share them with you. I hope they are as meaningful for you as they are for me.
Invest in the millenium. Plant sequoias.
“Manifesto: The Mad Farmer Liberation Front” from The Country of Marriage, copyright ® 1973 by Wendell Berry, reprinted by permission of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.
There is a child’s nursery rhyme that is often quoted: sticks and stones will break my bones, but names will never hurt me. But, there is another version of that rhyme that says: sticks and stones will break my bones, but names will kill my soul. … naming is powerful. Words are powerful. Poetry is powerful.
Thomas Merton wrote, “art [poetry] enables us to find ourselves and lose ourselves at the same time.” When I read poetry, when I hear it, when I feel its resonance in my heart, in the depth of my being it touches, it changes, it evokes the best in me. Poetry embodies the alchemy of transmogrification to ways of being that celebrate human dignity, that create social structures that embody justice.
may you walk ever loved and in love!
Today, January 21, 2013 is the day that the United States has deemed to remember the birthday of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. We remember him in recognition of his work to end – well to challenge – racism within the United States of America. That is a work in progress for sure. In lots of places you will find his “I have a dream” speech. It is an important speech. You should go read it.
Here, today, I wanted to share with you two of my favorites for thinking about and challenging racism. One is a poem by Pat Parker… it names and plays with stereotypes that so many white people hold about people of color. It plays with the struggles white people manufacture when we finally try to get over ourselves and open to developing relationships with people of color – as if that is the great gift all people of color have been waiting for all their lives (maybe, just maybe no so much!).
The second excerpt is the White Privilege Inventory that has been developed from Peggy McIntosh’s essay on Unpacking White Privilege. … Because so many white people still think it is an even playing field.
So, read the poem, please. Think about it with an open heart. … of course she’s angry. And she is also laughing, I think. Then fill in the inventory. Just how many privileges do you enjoy? And, then … take one little step outside of your comfort zone. Do some little thing to make this world of ours a bit more fair, a bit more respectful of the dignity of ALL sentient beings, a bit more compassionate?
Pat Parker poem – ” For the White Person Who Wants to Know How to Be My Friend”?
The first thing you do is to forget that i’m Black.
Second, you must never forget that i’m Black.
but don’t play her every time i come over.
or cook it for you.
for wanting to do them bodily harm.
It makes me wonder if you’re foolish.
friend–don’t make a labor of it. I’m lazy.
1. _____ I can be in the company of people of my race most of the time.
2. _____ If I should need to move, I can be pretty sure of renting or purchasing housing in an area in which I would want to live and which I can afford.
3. _____ I can turn on the television or open the front page of the paper and see people of my race widely and positively represented.
4. _____ When I am told about our national heritage or about “civilization,” I am shown that my people made it what it is.
5. _____ I can be sure that curricular materials will testify to the existence of my race.
6. _____ I can go into most supermarkets and find the staple foods that fit with my cultural traditions.
7. _____ I can go into any hairdresser’s shop and find someone who can cut my hair.
8. _____ Whether I use checks, credit cards or cash, I can count on my skin color not to work against the appearance of financial reliability.
9. _____ I can swear, dress in second hand clothes, or not answer letters, without having people attribute these choices to the bad morals, poverty or illiteracy of my race.
10. _____ I can do well in challenging situations without being called a credit to my race.
11. _____ I am never asked to speak for people of my race.
12. _____ I can criticize our government and talk about how much I fear its policies and behavior without being seen as a cultural outsider.
13. _____ I can be pretty sure that if I ask to talk to the “person in charge,” I will be facing a person of my race.
15. _____ If a traffic cop pulls me over, I can be sure I haven’t been singled out because of my race.
16. _____ I can go home from most meetings of the organizations I belong to feeling tied in rather than isolated, out of place, outnumbered, unheard, feared, or hated.
17. _____ I can take a job with an affirmative action employer without having co-workers on the job suspect that I got it because of race.
18. _____ I can choose public accommodation without fearing that people of my race cannot get in or will be mistreated in the places I have chosen.
19. _____ I can be sure that if I need legal or medical help, my race will not work against me.
20. _____ If my week or year is going badly, I need not wonder if each negative episode or situation has racial overtones.
21. _____ I can comfortably avoid, ignore or minimize the impact of racism on my life.
22. _____ I can speak in public to a powerful group without putting my race on trial.
23. _____ I can choose blemish cover bandages in “flesh” color and have them more or less match my skin.
Mostly I post stories in this blog. Stories that I’ve written or revised or that I found here or there and like a lot. Today is a bit different. Today, I want to share three quotes about exuberance and happiness with you.
The challenge to you – to each of us – is to reconcile the three quotes.
From Natalie Goldberg’s Waking up to Happiness. In Shambhala Sun July 2012, p. 26. . . . Happiness is shy. It wants to know you want it. You can’t be greedy. You can’t be numb – or ignorant. The bashful girl of happiness needs your kind attention. They she’ll come forward.
From Living My Life (1931) Emma Goldman. . . . The free expression of the hopes and aspirations of a people is the greatest and only safety in a sane society.
At the dances I was one of the most untiring and gayest. One evening a cousin of Sasha, a young boy, took me aside. With a grave face, as if he were about to announce the death of a dear comrade, he whispered to me that it did not behoove an agitator to dance. Certainly not with such reckless abandon, anyway. It was undignified for one who was on the way to become a force in the anarchist movement. My frivolity would only hurt the Cause.
I grew furious at the impudent interference of the boy. I told him to mind his own business. I was tired of having the Cause constantly thrown into my face. I did not believe that a Cause which stood for a beautiful ideal, for anarchism, for release and freedom from convention and prejudice, should demand the denial of life and joy. I insisted that our Cause could not expect me to become a nun and that the movement would not be turned into a cloister. If it meant that, I did not want it. “I want freedom, the right to self-expression, everybody’s right to beautiful, radiant things.” Anarchism meant that to me, and I would live it in spite of the whole world — prisons, persecution, everything. Yes, even in spite of the condemnation of my own closest comrades I would live my beautiful ideal. (p. 56) A revolution without dancing is not a revolution worth having. If I can’t dance, I won’t be part of your revolution.
And from that great American Bard, Mark Twain: Sing like no one’s listening, love like you’ve never been hurt, dance like nobody’s watching; and live like it’s heaven on earth.
Happiness may well be the heart of a world where respect for the dignity of all living beings is the foundation of societies of compassion, peace and justice. Let work together to build a world where the gross national happiness is more carefully measured than is the gross national product!
Once upon a time, in a land very near, our Native American sisters and brothers tell us that there was a time when the human race knew no joy. Their whole life was work, eating to keep body and soul together, and sleep. Every day went by like every other day. People worked and struggled, they ate plain food, they slept, and they woke to return to work. The tedium and dullness of their relentless routines rusted their minds, hardened their hearts and corroded their souls.
Our Native American Ancestors tell us that in those days there was a couple who lived together in their home not far from the ocean. They had three sons, each committed to being good hunters like their father. Even as young children, each young boy worked hard to become strong and to develop his stamina and endurance. The couple was proud of their sons, and trusted that the sons would provide for them as the couple aged and could no longer provide for themselves.
As the couple’s boys reached near to manhood, one day the eldest son went hunting and never returned. Some weeks later, the middle son left to go hunting and to search for his elder brother, and he too was lost to the family. The parents grieved deeply, and kept an ever closer eye on their youngest son keeping him close to home and carefully under their close protection. But, after a time, the son grew in size, strength and wisdom, and he could not be kept tied to his mother’s apron strings nor his father’s side, and so eventually he set off moose hunting.
“Follow me then and my mother will teach you what you don’t understand. Your brothers scorned the gifts of song, dance and laughter; they would not learn. Their morose ignorance saw to their death. Upon your pledge, you may come with me to my mother, and when you have learned to make words into a song and to sing it, when you have learned to dance with joy, when you have learned to honor the gift of laughter, only then you shall be free to go to your dwelling and make your hearth a home.
“Let it be so,” answered Ermine. And off they set.
Together the two walked ever farther inland, across prairies, through valleys, towards the highest mountain, which they began to climb. “On top of that mountain top stands our home,” said the young eagle warrior.
As they neared the crest of the mountain, they suddenly heard a sound like echoing thunder. It grew ever louder as they approached the mountain home. It sounded like thundering hammers. It was so loud that it set Ermine’s ears began to echo.
“What do you hear?” asked Eagle Warrior.
In a few moments, Eagle Warrior returned for Ermine. Together they entered a room where Eagle Warrior’s mother sat on a bed, alone, aged and frail.
“But we know of no men but ourselves,” answered Ermine.
Father and mother listened in surprise to the son’s tale and shook their heads incredulously, for he who has never felt his blood glow and his heart throb in exultation cannot imagine such a gift as the eagle’s. But the old people dared not gainsay him, for the eagle had already taken two of their sons, and they understood that its word had to be obeyed if they were to keep this last child. So they did all that the eagle had required of them.
A feast hall, matching the eagle’s, was built, and the larder was filled with the meat of sea creatures and caribou. Father and son combined joyous words, describing their dearest and deepest memories in songs which they set to music; also they made drums, rumbling tambourines of taut caribou hides with round wooden frames; and to the rhythm of the drum beats that accompanied the songs they moved their arms and legs in frolicsome hops and lively antics. Thus they grew warm both in mind and body, and began to regard everything about them in quite a new light. Many an evening it would happen that they joked and laughed, flippant and full of fun, at a time when they would otherwise have snored with sheer boredom the whole evening through.
As soon as all the preparations were made, Ermine went out to invite people to the festival that was to be held. To his great surprise he discovered that he and his parents were no longer alone as before. Merry men find company. Suddenly he met people everywhere, always in couples, strange looking people, some clad in wolf skins, others in the fur of the wolverine, the lynx, the red fox, the silver fox, the cross fox–in fact, in the skins of all kinds of animals. Ermine invited them to the banquet in his new feast hall and they all followed him joyfully. Then they held their song festival, each producing his own songs. There were laughter, talk, and sound, and people were carefree and happy as they had never been before. The table delicacies were appreciated, gifts of meat were exchanged, friendships were formed, and there were several who gave each other costly gifts of fur. The night passed, and not till the morning light shone into the feast hall did the guests take their leave. Then, as they thronged out of the corridor, they all fell forward on their hands and sprang away on all fours. They were no longer men but had changed into wolves, wolverines, lynxes, silver foxes, red foxes–in fact, into all the beasts of the forest. They were the guests that the old eagle had sent, so that father and son might not seek in vain. So great was the power of joy that it could even change animals into men. Thus animals, who have always been more lighthearted than men, were man’s first guests in a feast hall.
A little time after this it chanced that Ermine went hunting and again met the eagle. Immediately it took off its hood and turned into a man, and together they went up to the eagle’s home, for the old mother eagle wanted once more to see the man who had held the first song festival for humanity.
Before they had reached the heights, the mother eagle came to thank them, and lo! The feeble old eagle had grown young again.
For when men make merry, all old eagles become young.
The foregoing is related by the old folk from Kanglanek, the land which lies where the forests begin around the source of Colville River. In this strange and unaccountable way, so they say, came to men the gift of joy.
If we are going to build a world were the dignity of all beings is respected, where there is justice, peace and compassion — then there is an important lesson for us in this folk tale. For there to be community there must be music, celebration and laughter!
Laugh my friends like your life depended on it! laugh.
Holidays and celebrations all seem, sooner or later, to center around and come back to food. At least they certainly did in my Polish Catholic family of origin. One of the MAJOR food traditions (and there were many), was that you MUST always eat pork and sauerkraut on New Year’s day – and you must NEVER eat chicken on New Year’s day.
As I was growing up, I thought this was a tradition unique (read idiosyncratic – which is polite for weird) to my own family. Then I found out that it is a widely shared tradition among Polish peoples, and is also common among many Eastern European peoples as well as a Pennsylvania Dutch tradition.
My mom told me that you should eat pork because pigs root forward, and so if you eat pork you will move forward throughout the year, and you will make good progress. But, if you eat chicken, like chickens you will spend the year scratching out subsistence.
As I did some further research on the immensely interesting and important topic (read that as doing a quick google search), I learned that the green cabbage from which sauerkraut is created and the bountiful fat of pigs are taken to symbolize riches and prosperity for the coming year. The pig of course also represents progress for the coming year as a forward thinking and forward moving animal because it roots forward with its snout and all four of its hooves point forward. Also, many people from Slavic countries believe that eating the long threads of sauerkraut will nurture the threads of a long life – and now, modern science joins that belief with research about the probiotic properties of cabbage and of fermented cabbage.
Well, when I heard the reason behind the rule it all made sense. I then I started to laugh along with my grandmother, because there were only 5 of us in the house of my family of origin. A nice small ham would have been plenty.
And, I guess the moral of the story is that rules make sense when they make sense. And, then when they don’t it is time to let go.
Question everything! Keep asking until you understand. When the rule doesn’t fit, when it doesn’t apply, let it go and forge your own path and tradition. Here’s to a new year of understanding past practices and creating new ones of freedom fairness and joy!! | 2019-04-20T08:37:27Z | https://justalchemy.com/category/alchemy/ |
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A German producer of machinery, plaintiff, sold a commercial laundry machine to a Swiss buyer, defendant, and delivered the machine to the final customer in Hong Kong. The buyer refused to pay the price, declaring a set-off with claims arising out of a related consulting agreement with the seller. While the payment obligation under the sales contract, which was governed by the CISG, was not in dispute, the existence and the amount of the set-off were under controversy.
The first issue was whether a standard set of General Terms and Conditions, pursuant to which the setoff claim would have been excluded, formed part of the sales contract. The court held that this issue was not governed by the CISG, and under German domestic law the General Terms and Conditions did not form part of the contract (article 4 CISG).
While stating that the CISG does not deal with set-off (article 4 CISG), the court nevertheless referred to article 8 of the CISG in construing the consulting agreement. This uniform rule, the court noted, coincides with corresponding principles under German and Swiss domestic law. The court concluded that if the interpretation of a statement made by a contracting party coincides with the interpretation of statements made by the other party, a corresponding intent of the parties will be assumed. If, however, interpretation of statements made by both parties does not lead to a congruent result, the intent of the parties has to be elicited in accordance with the principles of Swiss domestic law.
A. The [Buyer] ordered a commercial washing machine worth 528,000 Deutsche Mark [DM] from the [Seller] in the end of 1993. [Seller] agreed to deliver the washing machine to TL and C Co located in Z (hereinafter referred to as T Co) upon, receipt of the documentary credit (Akkreditivbetrag), the sum falls due on T Co. The invoice issued by the [Seller] was dispatched on 30 March 1994 to (Translator's Note: invoice addressee is omitted in the German version; very much likely it is the [Buyer]), the machine was shipped to Hong Kong on 31 March 1994. The [Buyer] received the documentary credit, but has not made any payment on the sum due to the [Seller]. [Buyer] acknowledged that the sum due as such is not contested, but alleged that it is, however, settled by the setting off of the sum due on a counterclaim. The [Buyer]'s counterclaim was based on a consulting agreement ... The [Buyer] filed an objection against the [Seller]'s payment summons, served on 3 October 1994 for 443,089.15 Swiss francs [Sf] plus interest at 5 per cent from 5 May 1994.
The [Seller] filed a claim against the [Buyer] on 2 November 1994 at the Civil Court, seeking to order the [Buyer] to pay the 443,084.15 Sf plus interest at 4 per cent from 5 May 1994 and to impose costs and damages on the [Buyer]. On 13 February 1995, the [Buyer] applied to have the action dismissed, alleging that the sum due is settled by a set-off. The [Seller] modified its claim on 19 September 1995; now it claims 520,662.95 Sf plus interest at 6.5 per cent from 5 May 1994 and demanded to open the case (Translater's Note: "um Rechtsöffnung in der eingeleiteten Betreibung ersucht" translated as: to demand to open the case). [Seller] alleged that the right to set-off a counterclaims is excluded by the general terms and conditions of business applying to this sales transaction. At the first oral hearing, the [Buyer] filed a counterclaim, seeking to order the [Seller] to pay an amount of 379,862.93 plus interest from 21 November 1995. The [Seller] objected to the local jurisdiction of the court for the counterclaim and also argued that the counterclaim was filed late and therefore has to be dismissed. Thereupon, the [Buyer] withdrew the counterclaim.
The Civil Court dismissed the [Seller]'s action, reasoning that the accrued commission arising from the consulting agreement was higher than the [Seller]�s claim and that both claims are ready for set-off.
B. The [Seller] appealed against this judgment, seeking to order the [Buyer] to pay an amount of 520,662.92 Sf plus interest at 6.5 per cent from 5 May 1994 or, in the alternative, 443,084.15 Sf plus interest at 5 per cent from 5 May 1994. [Seller] also applied to implement execution order No. 517,591 issued by the Office of Collection (Beitreibungsamt des Sensebezirks) in the amount of 443,084.15 Sf plus interest at 5 per cent from 5 May 1994 and the amount of 198.00 Sf for execution costs and reserves the right to claim exchange loss.
On 10 September 1997, [Buyer] applied for dismissal of the [Seller]'s appeal. The parties waived the right to an oral hearing.
1. The ruling of the Court of First Instance is a final award in a civil court matter. The value of the matter, which equals the request of the parties being subject of the court's ruling, decides whether the appeal is admissible; this value was 520,662.95 DM, which equals 440,881 Sf based on an exchange rate of 84.60 Sf on 22 April 1997, and exceeds 8,000 Sf. Therefore, the matter is capable of appeal (Art. 291 ss. 1 ZPO [*], Art. 143 ss. 2 GoG [*]).
The ruling the appeal is aimed at was served on the appellant on 24 April 1997. The 30 days period for delivering the appeal was adhered to with the appeal dispatched on 26 May 1997, since the last day of the period fell on an Saturday and the term then ends on the next working day, which was 26 May 1997 (Art. 40 ss. 1 ZPO in connection with Art. 1(a) des Gesetzes betreffend den Ablauf von Fristen). The writ of appeal meets the formal requirements (see Art. 294 ZPO; FZR [*] 1995 No. 12 Page 73 et seq.). Hence, the appeal can be dealt with.
On appeal level, the value of the matter is 520,662.95 DM, on the basis of an exchange rate of 82.80 on the day issuing the court ruling, 431,108.95 Sf, respectively.
2. On 1 January 1998 the law "Gesetz vom 20. Februar 1997 zur Änderung der Zivilprozessordnung und anderer kantonaler Gesetze im Bereich der Zilvilprozessordnung"[*] became effective. This law applies to appeal proceedings in which the ruling underlying the appeal was made after its enactment (Art. 17 of this law). This appeal proceeding is consequently governed by the previous law, except for the terms stipulated in Art. 17 ss. 2 of this law.
3. The parties' writs need to show precisely for what matter of fact an item of evidence shall be cited as evidence (Art. 158(e) ZPO [*]). Both parties have offered items of evidence without declaring precisely on what matter of fact they shall serve as evidence. Neither [Seller] nor [Buyer] has applied for reopening the hearing of evidence. Therefore, additional evidence will not be permitted.
4. The [Seller]'s sales claim of 520,662.95 DM itself is not objected by the [Buyer]; the dispute in this proceeding is about whether the [Buyer] had a counterclaim and a right to set-off this counterclaim.
5. The lower court ruled that the [Seller] failed to show that the [Seller] [Seller]'s general terms and conditions (Sale- Payment- and Delivery terms 10/93 of October 1993) apply to the sales contract between the parties. The Court therefore applied � 387 BGB [*], a provision which allows a set-off in general. In these appellate proceedings, the [Seller] again argues that its general terms and conditions are applicable and that these terms exclude the right to set-off (Art. C.5).
a. [Seller] and [Buyer] have their places of business in Germany and Switzerland, respectively. For lack of individual choice of law, the sales contract concluded by the parties is governed by the United Nations Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG), SR [*] 0.221.211.1, applicable in Switzerland since 1 March 1991 and in Germany since 1 January 1991). This body of law does not provide rules concerning set-off (Art. 4 CISG; Honsell, Commentary on the CISG, Zürich 1996, N 20 zu Art. 4 CISG). Pursuant to national conflict of law rules, the law governing the claim which shall be settled by set-off has to apply (Art. 148 ss. 2 IPRG [*], SR 291). For lack of an individual agreement between the parties, the claim for payment of the sales price is governed by the law of the State in which the seller has its place of business at the time it received the order (Art. 118 IPRG; Art. 3 des Übereinkommens betreffend das auf internationale Kaufverträge über bewegliche körperliche Sachen anzuwende Recht, SR [*] O.221.211.4), in the present case, as already stated by the Court of First Instance, this is German law.
According to � 2 of the German AGBG [*], general terms and conditions only apply, if the parties agree upon them in each particular contract or if they agree in advance to apply them to a certain range of contracts. This rule, however, does not apply when contracting with tradesmen (Art. 24 ss. 1 No. 1 AGBG); the tradesman status of a non-German tradesman is governed by German law (� 1 et seq. HGB [*], Handelsgesetzbuch vom 10 Mai 1897[*]) also (Staudinger/Schlosser, Commentary on BGB, 12 ed. Berlin, 1980, note 2 zu � 24 AGBG). In the relationship between a user of general terms and conditions and a tradesman, general terms and conditions also can become part of the contract if in the past they have frequently based their contractual relationship on these terms and the kind of the pertinent business transaction shows that both parties have assumed to apply these terms. In this case, an implicit frame agreement was concluded. An incorporation of general terms and conditions by implied behavior also may happen, when on earlier occasions these terms always have became part of the contract after its conclusion. However, this requires that a frame agreement indeed was established. A similar business transaction on a single occasion in the past does not suffice to incorporate the general terms and conditions into a newly concluded contract. Even if the parties on several occasions of business transactions repeatedly referred to specific terms, this does not make these terms part of similar future contract in any case, especially not, if from time to time contracts are concluded that are subject to negotiations on their fundamental issues. The mere existence of a current business connection and the fact, that the customer anyhow has received knowledge that the user is used to contract on its general terms and conditions, also does not suffice. Most notably, a repeated notice on the delivery note or the invoice is not sufficient.
b. When concluding the contract orally in the end of 1993, the incorporation of the [Seller]'s general terms and conditions was not expressly agreed upon; furthermore, the parties have not stipulated any explicit frame agreement which states that the [Seller]'s general terms and conditions shall apply to the whole range of contracts to be concluded between the parties or parts thereof.
c. The scope of the [Buyer]'s business ranges from producing and trading with machines, devices, industrial textiles and chemicals, the installation and provision of services on machines and devices, to acting as sales agent for technical products (Translator� Note: "Übernahme von Vertretungen technischer Produkte"has been translated as: "acting as sales agent for technical products"). The [Buyer], therefore, is a so-called statutory trader, i.e., a trading company operating a trading business, namely, the procurement and resale of movables, unchanged or after processing them (� 1 ss. 1 and ss. 2 No. 1 and � 6 HGB [*]). Hence, the [Buyer] has the status of a statutory trader which requires examination as to whether the application of the [Seller]'s general terms and conditions was agreed implicitly.
- The [Seller]'s general terms and conditions were printed on the backside of two invoices dated 27 and 29 October 1993 addressed to the [Buyer] and the [Buyer] has not objected to the invoices neither upon receipt nor later.
- P Z, Chief Operating Officer of the [Buyer] and within the consultancy agreement acting as Consultant and Sales Director for the [Seller], had to know by the time the invoice of 30 March 1994 was furnished that the [Seller] in each case uses the [Seller]'s general terms and conditions in its business transactions.
From these facts, the [Seller] alleges that the [Seller]'s general terms and conditions, which according to their Art. A.1, once accepted in a permanent business relation, apply on every later occasion without explicit reference, shall apply to all transactions between the [Seller] and [Buyer], especially to the sale of the commercial washing machine (Appeal No. 9, p. 5-8).
The [Seller] and the [Buyer] were in a permanent business relationship, namely, based on the consulting agreement concluded 15 September 1993. It is not certain how many sales contracts the [Seller] concluded with the [Buyer]. In this respect, the [Seller] neither has made any assertion in any of the four writs delivered prior to the institution of proceedings by the lower court, nor later. From the invoices of 27 and 29 October 1993, of 19 and 29 September 1993, 8 April 1994, 29 April 1994 and 28 June 1994 that were presented it is shown that there were several contracts..
- A permanent practice, which only could suggest a self-evident agreement between the parties, has not been established. Furthermore the sales contracts were, as the dates of the invoices show, concluded singularly and irregularly, namely when the [Buyer] had a customer.
It is obvious that the major issues of the respective contracts, concerning customer-made machines adapted to customer were subject to negotiation in every single case. The fact alone that the [Seller]'s general terms and conditions were printed on two invoices from October 1993 and that the [Buyer] failed to object to these invoices, cannot suffice to conclude that the [Seller]'s general terms and conditions applied to all future sales contracts between [Seller] and [Buyer], especially not for the sales contract at stake.
Whether the [Seller] in general is used to contracting only with reference to its general terms and conditions and the Chief Operating Officer of the [Buyer] was aware of this fact from its consulting practice with the [Seller] -- contested by the [Buyer] -- is not evidenced according to the view of the Court of First Instance. The [Seller] did nothing to show that this view of the facts is wrong, it was content to note that there is a common view suggesting a preponderant probability. This does not prove evidence. By the way, the Chief Operating Officer`s understanding of the facts was not decisive here, for it cannot suffice to give reason to the application of the [Seller]'s general terms and conditions in the present sales contract.
d. The application of the [Seller]'s general terms and conditions was correctly denied by the Court of First Instance; consequently, it remains undecided whether the contractual exclusion of the set-off right would be invalid in the case of asserted insolvency of the [Seller]. To set-off the sales claim with the claim arising from the consulting agreement was generally valid according to � 387 BGB [*].
6. According to s. 7 of the consulting agreement, the [Buyer] can claim a provision of 12 per cent of the generated worldwide turnovers of the [Seller]. The parties disagree about the fact, whether this claim is unconditional or with reference to s. 1 of the consulting agreement only was existent when the [Seller]`s net proceeds on quarter year average reduced by certain extra costs does not fall below the minimum production costs and further costs increased by a profit margin of 5 per cent. The Court of First Instance suggested affirming these restrictions, yet has not decided upon this issue, for it has noted that the [Seller], despite several notices from the [Buyer], has not edited the papers which could document the reduction of the sales price by the extra costs, manufacturing cost and administration expenditures to reasonably control the commission statements; the statements therefore only represent a unsubstantiated assertion. Furthermore, there was no evidence furnished that the [Buyer] has accepted the statements unconditionally. The [Seller] has to bear the consequences of not providing evidence for the claimed costs. The Court of First Instance consequently has calculated the commission claim with 12 per cent of the sales volume and since this sales volume exceeds 5,800,000.00 DM stated, and has concluded that the claim of the [Buyer] exists, which obviously exceeds the sales price. This court therefore concluded that the [Seller]'s claim was settled by set-off.
On appeal level, the [Seller] disputes that a commission claim ever came into existence, because a profit margin of 5 per cent was not reached. Moreover, the [Seller] disputes its duty to furnish documents enabling the [Buyer] to examine the deducted costs and furthermore notes that it has offered to edit these documents in a writ, the lower court, however, never gave a court order to do so and thereby prevented the [Seller] from offering evidence.
a. In advance, the court has to examine, as applied for by [Buyer], whether the commission claim was dependent on the [Seller] sourcing a 5 per cent profit margin.
aa. Declarations of one party to the contract need to be construed in accordance with its will, if the other party knew or could not be unaware of this will. If a corresponding will cannot be determined, declarations and further behavior have to be construed in the manner in which a reasonable third person in the same position under the same circumstances would have interpreted them; to determine this, all relevant circumstances need to be considered, especially the negotiations between the parties, customs, trade usages and the later behavior of the parties (Art. 8 CISG). These basis rules conform to German law (� 133 and � 157 BGB [*], von Caemmerer/Schlechtriem, Commentary on the CISG, Munich, 1990, Note 3 Art. 8), namely, meaning that a party bears the burden of proof, insofar as it wants to deviate from the meaning of a clear wording (Staudinger /Dilcher, Commentary on BGB, 12th ed. Berlin, note 18 to � 133 BGB [*]). Art. 8 CISG corresponds to the principle of trust in Swiss law (Honsell, Commentary on the CISG, Munich, 1990, Note 2 Art. 8), which says that declarations need to be construed as to how the addressee in good faith, i.e., in accordance to its particular wording and context as well as with the entire circumstances, had to understand it. If a contract interpretation brings about a declaration which corresponds to the declaration of another party, a corresponding declaration is supposed and a contract with this corresponding content is concluded. If, however, it is disputed whether the parties have reached agreement, the principle of trust applies as long as not superseded by the established actual will of the parties (BGB 121 III 118 E. 4b/aa, 119 II 368 E. 4b, 118 II 365; Gauch Peter/Schluepp Walter, Schweizerisches Obligationenrecht, Allgemeiner Teil, Vol. 1, 6th ed., Zürich 1995, No. 308 et seq., p. 52 et seq.).
"When providing advice, especially when initiating, preparing and executing business transactions, the [Buyer] shall strictly adhere to the quarterly average net proceeds after deductions of all special costs not to fall below the minimum manufacturing and further expenditures. Reflecting this, the sales price and rebates are to be jointly determined."
The wording of the contract is clear and obvious. S. 1 contains the [Seller]'s profit margin and arranges for the company institution of the [Buyer] to cooperate with those of the [Seller] to provide that the aim can be achieved; s. 1 does not contain any term concerning the remuneration owed by the [Seller]. s. 7, the place where remuneration issues are reflected, provides for a commission related to the turnover, without any limitation or condition and without any link to s. 1. In the following, s. 7 stipulates for a monthly charging of the commission, whereas s. 1, is based on the business transactions within a quarter. S. 7, furthermore, arranges for the [Buyer] to furnish proceeds documents on a monthly base, a procedure that allows an adequate determination and examination of the commission claim if only the proceeds are decisive.
The [Seller] could show that the parties to the contract jointly intended something deviating and the wording has to be accrued accordingly. The institutions of the parties have presented contradictory views on that. This, however, is not decisive. Decisive is the fact, that the contract was drafted by W AG [*], the mother company of B GmbH, in which the [Seller] has a controlling interest. Should the commission be profit-dependent, it is not realistic that the parties have not introduced this fundamental clause into the contract, which, apart from that, governs the issue of commission altogether. The lawyer J P C, heard as witness, was present for the shareholder when the consulting agreement was concluded. He told the court that the commission claim was definitely not profit-dependent. A detailed calculation of the commission claim would have -- in accordance with the [Seller]`s own view -- required a huge and unreasonable effort if it were to be dependent on profit in the sense of s. 1 of the consulting agreement; such agreement is not comprised by the unanimous will of the parties.
The [Seller] has relied on its own, its shareholder's and the [Buyer]`s declaration of intent on 24/25 August 1993, on the one hand, and the one of B GmbH, on the other hand, given in the context of the take-over of 80 per cent of the shares of the [Seller] by B GmbH. Therein, a commission of 10 per cent of the proceeds is guaranteed to compensate the sales price to P Z, who is husband of shareholder G Z, or another person determined by P Z, calculated on the basis of the net invoice volume considering all deductions. Furthermore, therein is stipulated that the net proceeds deducted by any special costs shall not fall below the minimum manufacture costs and further costs added by a profit margin of 5 per cent, considering this the commission shall be determined. From this wording, one cannot deduce the real will of the parties. In any event, it does not show definitely that the commission calculated from the turnover shall depend on a certain accrued profit. Comparing the declaration of intent and the consulting agreement signed three weeks later reveals that both widely use the same wording but the issues of commission and minimum profit remain separate, which leads to the more likely conclusion that that both issues shall be independent.
Hence, the [Seller] failed to show that both parties unanimously desired a deviating agreement concerning the commission claim than that arising from the clear wording of the text of the consulting agreement. That is why it is not decisive whether the [Seller] has gained a profit in the sense of s. 1 of the consulting agreement.
b. In its reply on the set-off plea of the [Buyer], the [Seller] brought forward that the commission is dependent on the profit. The [Seller] reserved to introduce further items of evidence, namely, its balance sheet from 31 December 1993. Contrary to the [Seller]'s exposure provided with the appeal, this cannot be interpreted as an offer to furnish 80 files, which shall be necessary to calculate the profit-dependent commission. Apart from that, the parties need to provide relevant documents, which are in their possession, but they are not allowed to merely reserve to produce these documents later (comp. Art. 158 subsection 2 and Art. 161 subsection 2 ZPO [*]; in general, it is not permitted to deliver such documents after the hearing of evidence (Art, 130 ZPO). The [Seller]'s allegation that the Court of First Instance failed to order the edition of these files misses the point.
Concerning the consequence of the failed provision of these files, the court refers to the reasoning of the Court of First Instance. Even if the commission claim was profit-dependent, the [Seller] would not have any advantage.
7. On appeal level, it was not disputed that the [Seller] has not accepted the furnished charging, the turnover based calculation of the commission of 12 per cent exceeds the claimed sales price or the legal requirements of set-off are met. It follows that the sales claim is settled by set-off. The appeal is dismissed and the ruling of the lower court is affirmed.
* All translations should be verified by cross-checking against the original text. For purposes of this translation, Plaintiff is referred to as [Seller] and Defendant is referred to as [Buyer].
Translator's note on other abbreviations: AG = Aktiengesellschaft [public limited company under German law] AGBG = Gesetz zur Regelung des Rechts der Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen vom 9. Dezember 1976 [German Code on General Terms and Conditions, meanwhile incorporated into the German BGB]; BGB = Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch [German Civil Code]; FZR = Freiburger Zeitschrift für Rechtsprechung [Swiss Law Journal]; Gesetz vom 20. Februar 1997 zur Änderung der Zivilprozessordnung und anderer kantonaler Gesetze im Bereich der Zilvilprozessordnung [Swiss Amendment Act to the Swiss ZPO and other laws]; GmbH = Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung [limited company under German law]; GoG = Gerichtsorganisationsgesetz [Swiss Code of Court Organization]; HGB = Handelsgesetzbuch [German Commmercial Code]; IPRG = Bundesgesetz über das internationale Privatrecht [Swiss Code of International Private Law]; SR = Systematische Sammlung des Bundesrechts [Swiss corpus juris]; ZivKT = Zivilkostentarif [Swiss table of fees for Civil Procedure] ZPO = Zivilprozessordnung [Swiss Code of Civil Procedure].
** Daniel Fritz is a graduate of the University of Potsdam and has received his LLM degree (International Trade Law) at the University of Stellenbosch. | 2019-04-19T14:27:20Z | http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/980123s1.html |
The Hungarian Prime Minister, Viktor Orbán, has recently taken his vision of ‘illiberal democracy’ to a new level, passing legislation aimed at driving the American-Hungarian Central European University (CEU) out of the country, as well as launching systematic attacks against the university’s founder George Soros. But with the Hungarian parliamentary elections scheduled for 2018, have recent events – including the successful derailing of Budapest’s Olympic bid, and mass protests against the treatment of CEU – exposed weaknesses in the armoury of Orbán and his right-wing political party, Fidesz?
Viktor Orbán on March 14, 2013. Picture by David Plas © European People’s Party.
The now-famous ‘end of liberal democracy speech’ was bold, brash and above all, a broadside against Europe’s ruling establishment. It earmarked the political transformation of Orbán and his political party Fidesz (Alliance of Young Democrats). Together, they have morphed from pro-Western (conservative) liberals – fighting to oversee Hungary’s successful transition from communism to democracy – to unapologetic advocates of a populist and illiberal style of politics.
Since sweeping to power with a super-majority in the 2010 elections, Orbán has shifted the political parameters, not only in Hungary, but also on the continent. Domestically, the measures implemented by his increasingly right-wing and nationalistic government have led critics to accuse Orbán of removing democratic checks and balances, allowing Fidesz to kneecap the opposition and monopolise key institutions such as Hungary’s media outlets.
Exploiting his party’s parliamentary majority, the Hungarian Premier has passed a new constitution and shackled the power of the Constitutional Court; introduced an electoral law that heavily favours the majority party and Fidesz (regardless of having the majority or not); fostered a culture of patronage and nepotism in which party loyalists and oligarchs occupy important positions in state bodies (including the Central Bank, the Prosecutor General, State Audit Office and Constitutional Court); and most recently, waged a legislative and propaganda war against Non-Governmental Organisations, Central European University and its founder; the Hungarian-American philanthropist, George Soros.
All the above, combined with Orbán’s uncompromising stance on immigration, has made him a thorn in the side of Bureaucrats in Brussels. He has become a prominent voice amongst a wave of nationalist movements in Europe, who seek to establish a new political order. So much so, that the Hungarian PM has been labelled the ‘autocrat’ inside the EU; a sentiment sardonically voiced by the president of the European Commission, Claude Juncker, during a summit in Latvia in 2015.
Before addressing the significance of recent political events in Hungary, a number of important caveats, crucial to understanding the politics of Orbán, must be raised. The first being that, unlike many of the populist and/or nationalist movements gaining traction across Europe – think here of France’s Front National, the Dutch Freedom Party and Britain’s UKIP – Orbán does not wish to disintegrate the EU, but rather influence its agenda from within.
His response to the migrant crisis – building razor wire fencing and placing water cannons on Hungary’s borders – was an act of defiance against Germany’s open border policy, which Orbán labelled “moral imperialism”. Not only did Hungary’s Visegrád partners (Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland) rally behind this restrictive migration policy, but as Orbán himself was quick to point out, by refusing to wave migrants across their external Schengen borders, Hungary respected the law of the Union where other member states (such as Italy, France and Greece) had failed. Orbán put the EU’s decision makers on the spot, and by doing so, shifted the goalposts in his favour.
However, while Orbán has been one of the EU’s fiercest critics, he and his party are loyal members of the European People’s Party (EPP) – one of the most influential in the European Parliament and by far the largest in the European Commision. Besides, Orbán is acutely aware of the economic benefits Hungary’s EU membership brings. In fact, research by the German-based Centre for European Policy (CEP) showed that between 2008 and 2015, Hungary was the third-highest recipient of EU money in the 28-member bloc, receiving an average of more than €4 billion from the EU budget.
Moreover, it is important to recognise the idiosyncrasies of Orbán’s political style, which might be described as a form of pragmatic Machiavellianism. His ideology is mutable and his rhetoric regularly overlaps with Hungary’s far-right nationalist party, Jobbik – especially on issues such as immigration. In fact, he blurs the political lines to such a degree that it can often be very hard to ascertain who has influence who. At the same time, however, Orbán has also implemented economic policies with unmistakably leftist, even socialist, elements. Take for example, his decision to nationalise private pension funds and provide public works for the unemployed.
Orbán’s handling of the refugee crisis provides an example par excellence. He consolidated his popular appeal by placing himself at the vanguard of this issue – refusing to yield to the EU’s demands about migrant quotas and rekindling nationalist myths about Hungary being a bulwark of Christendom, fighting to stave back the expansion of the Ottoman Empire and the ‘age-old’ threat of Islam. Orbán’s transparent distrust of Europe’s ruling establishments – all buttressed by a media saturated with pro-government propaganda – allowed Fidesz to successfully depict themselves as the only force capable of defending the titular nation and its ‘sovereignty’.
Recently, however, there have been signs that the Hungarian electorate are growing tired of this heavy-handed, politics of fear. Two political events in particular may suggest that Orbán’s position is not as impregnable as it once seemed. The first being the successful campaign against Budapest’s 2024 Olympic bid, which resulted in the withdrawal of their candidate status; and the second being the domestic and international backlash caused by Orbán’s highly controversial and scathing attacks on George Soros and CEU.
At a similar event just days before, he warned: “If we want our country to have strong young people with strong characters, we must spend on sport.” Unsurprisingly, Orbán has done just that, investing billions of Hungarian Forints on the construction of football stadiums, youth development and mass participation programmes, as well as other areas of sport infrastructure. Indeed, the level of Orbán’s obsession is such that he has even constructed an opulent stadium (The Pancho Arena) in his childhood village of Felcsút. Funded at a cost of 3.5 billion forints (£9 million), both by state monies and donations from private investors cosy with the Prime Minister, this story becomes all the more absurd when one discovers that the population of Felcsút, roughly 1,500 people, is half the number of the stadium’s seats.
Pancho Aréna, the home ground of the football team Puskás Akadémia, has a capacity of 3,816 and is located in Viktor Orban’s home village, Felcsút, with a population of only 1,800. Via Wikimedia Commons.
Suffice it to say, Orbán’s dream to host an Olympics in Budapest was another strand of this grandiose strategy. From a diplomatic perspective, the benefits of hosting Sports Mega Events (SMEs) are well documented. As scholars like Jonathan Grix and Paul Brannagan have argued, nation-states have long used the global attraction of SMEs to project and generate ‘soft power’. Nonetheless, for a nation still recovering from a double-dip recession (caused by the financial crisis of the late 2000s), the economic extravagance of hosting the Olympics was apparent. Furthermore, there were genuine fears that hosting the Games would only provide more opportunities for systemic corruption, with public funds flowing into the pockets of business interests and oligarchs aligned with the government, an accusation also levelled at Orbán’s dealings in football.
In January 2017, a new political movement called Momentum (formed of Hungarians in their twenties and thirties) tabled a proposed referendum to withdraw the Hungarian bid to host the 2024 Olympics. Their movement, named ‘No to the Olympics, Yes to our Future!’, was a resounding success.
Momentum not only mobilised the electorate, but also managed to enlist the support of parties on the left of the political spectrum, including members of the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) and the Greens (LMP). In truth, this union was solely a marriage of convenience, with Momentum’s ambitious and somewhat brazen leadership categorically announcing they would refuse to cooperate with the ‘political elite’ in the upcoming 2018 elections. However, their effective opposition to Orbán’s Olympic project demonstrated that Momentum are capable of tapping into the electorate’s popular discontent with elements of Orbán’s regime.
Orbán and his colleagues were forced to begrudgingly accept defeat, withdrawing Budapest’s Olympic bid while chastising Momentum’s “unpatriotic” leaders for ‘murdering’ Orbán’s Olympic dream for their own political gain. In characteristically stubborn fashion, the Hungarian PM is already said to be planning Budapest’s candidacy for the 2028 Olympics. Nevertheless, is If only momentarily, Fidesz’ position had been made to look vulnerable.
Though Orbán’s sport policies have always polarised the Hungarian populace, his policies on immigration have garnered widespread approval. And with the 2018 parliamentary elections on the horizon, Orbán and his advisors have adopted a strategy underpinned by a familiar anti-migrant theme. This was undoubtedly the rationale behind their latest campaign drive, titled “Let’s Stop Brussels.” As János Halász, spokesman for Fidesz’s parliamentary delegation, summarised, “Brussels” wants to make executive decisions without any consultation with the ‘people,’ and when “Brussels makes a decision, the Hungarians always lose.” After all, if it was up to Brussels, Hungary would be exposed to an influx of migrants.
But with Hungary’s borders secure, the government’s ire has shifted in the direction of the so called ‘enemy within’; George Soros. As one of the wealthiest philanthropists in the world, and founder of the Open Society Foundations (an international umbrella network that supports democracy and human rights in over 100 countries), Soros is the perfect scapegoat for Orbán’s political narrative.
To this end, Soros has been accused of bankrolling and coordinating anti-government protests and media campaigns in Hungary, as well as ‘fuelling’ the refugee crisis. During a scathing interview with Radio Kossuth in 2015, Orbán qualified this assertion, claiming that Soros was a leading member in a circle of “activists” trying to undermine European nations by supporting refugees heading to the continent from the Middle East and beyond. “His [Soros’] name is perhaps the strongest example of those who support anything that weakens nation states,” the Hungarian PM opined, “they support everything that changes the traditional European lifestyle.” This is a powerful and dangerous discourse which resonates with both historic anti-Semitic tropes about multi-national conspiracies and more generally, global elites working to undermine ‘the people’.
At this point, the history and symbolic importance of Central European University becomes of paramount importance. After the collapse of communist regimes in Europe, George Soros founded the university in 1991 in the hope that it could help promote civil society, intellectual freedom and democracy. Thanks to Soros’ endowments, the American-styled university has become one of the wealthiest and most prestigious in the Central European region. Today, it continues to champion free-speech, defend open society and stimulate intellectual debate on divisive issues such as immigration, xenophobia, populism, nationalism and globalisation.
This has prompted Orbán’s government to initiate what many consider their most flagrant attack on liberalism yet. In addition to introducing legislation designed to limit the influence of foreign funded NGOs, the Hungarian parliament also passed a bill in April 2017 stipulating that foreign universities must have a campus both in the capital and their host nation. Of course, CEU’s only campus is located in Budapest, and thus its very existence is threatened.
But, despite the government’s best efforts to demonise Soros and CEU, the outpouring of support for their plight has put Orbán on the back foot. And the backlash has not just come from ‘faceless bureaucrats in Brussels’, or liberal elites sitting in their ‘western’ Ivory towers. Instead, some of the fiercest critics of Fidesz have come from within.
Demonstration in Budapest against the legislation threatening to close the Central European University, April 9, 2017.
In Budapest, tens of thousands of people have staged mass protests in publicly significant spaces such as Heroes Square (where Fidesz headquarters are located), Liberty Square and the Houses of Parliament. Meanwhile, politicians, journalists and academics from across the political spectrum have denounced Orbán’s treatment of CEU. Even former and current Fidesz loyalists have publicly expressed dissatisfaction with the government’s latest salvo.
And there are already signs that Orbán’s miscalculations have been counterproductive. In the Hungarian weekly magazine HVG, the latest findings of a Medián poll (conducted between 21-26 April 2017) were outlined under the title ‘Universal Decline’. According to the pollsters, Fidesz’ approval ratings have fallen from 37% (recorded in January) to 31%, while 46% of respondents claimed that they would in no circumstances vote for the government party, an increase of nearly 10% compared to the January figure. As the rubric of the HVG article suggests, this damaging drop in popularity can largely be attributed to Orbán’s policies against CEU.
While the latest polls are tangible signs that Orbán’s position has been weakened, the long-term implications of both the CEU case and the Budapest Olympic bid may prove more significant.
In fact, one of the most interesting developments during the CEU controversy has been the willingness of the opposition, both on the right and the left, to cooperate. Orbán’s supremacy has to a large extent relied on his ability to occupy the centre ground while dividing and conquering the opposition, relying on their stark ideological differences to keep them from undermining Fidesz’ three-pronged parliamentary system.
However, when Fidesz signed the anti-CEU legislation, the opposition parties of LMP, MSZP and Jobbik rallied and demanded a review of the legislation by the Constitutional Court. By uniting, they were able to pass the 25% parliamentary threshold required to trigger a Court review of the anti-CEU law. Such alliances have hitherto been extremely rare during Orbán’s tenure. Thus, as with Momentum’s movement against the Budapest Olympics, the government were isolated. For the second time in a matter of months, opposition parties found common ground, mobilised support from the electorate and fuelled criticism and debate on both sides of the political spectrum.
Orbán is consequently under severe pressure, both at home and abroad. In April, the European Commission threatened legal action should Fidesz fail to respect the academic freedom and autonomy of CEU. The European People’s Party adopted a similar stance, warning Orbán that the anti-CEU legislation and blatant anti-EU rhetoric of the ‘Let’s Stop Brussels’ campaign cannot be tolerated. The Hungarian PM has been issued with a time frame of 30-days to meet these demands, and it has been mooted that Fidesz’ membership in the EPP could even be at stake.
For now, Orbán has committed himself to following and implementing these demands. But, the Hungarian leader has hoodwinked the EU’s politicians before, and there is time yet for Orbán and his spin doctors to try and turn events back in their favour. For example, the lambasting of the Hungarian PM in front of the European parliament is already being used to feed Orbán’s narrative that Brussels, Soros and CEU are the ‘real enemies’ of Hungary.
Arguably, however, some seeds of doubt have already been sown. Domestically it has been shown that civil society actors and the significant political and cultural capital of institutions such as sport, can be used to challenge the hegemony of Fidesz. The polls suggest Orbán’s popularity is not unshakeable. But only time will tell if the chinks in Orbán’s armour are damaging enough to change the course of the 2018 Hungarian elections.
With thanks to Dr. Dániel Róna for his help and expertise. You can find his work on Hungarian politics and the forthcoming elections on his blog. | 2019-04-19T09:15:04Z | https://consideringeurope.com/2017/05/15/resistance-and-resentment-in-hungary/ |
Durban rap artist Judas takes us to Abu Dhabi with his new smash single. Things are looking up for this one, cant wait to see the video.
Dreamteam have been quiet for a while now but seems like they are back to please they fans.
Lack inspiration lately? Here’s a nice set of quick tips that should help you find inspiration in the studio.
1. Using reverb can push elements towards the back of the soundstage. If you want to add some reverb, but still keep the sound “up front”, try increasing the amount of pre-delay on the sound. This will detach the sound from its reverb, so your element remains more “up front” while you still have a nice reverb effect.
2. When using reverb/s, make use of busses with the reverb/s on them, and send your channels to the busses. This not only saves on CPU, but also makes the reverb much easier to control. Just moving a couple of faders on our busses can make the overall mix “wetter” or “dryer”.
3. As a general rule, leave all of your mix automation somewhere towards the end of the mixing process. Get your mix and arrangement sounding good, then go in and add your automation tweaks.
4. If you are just starting to train your ears consider including a spectrum analyzer on your master bus and a great track that you’d like to emulate as part of your autoload. As you go along making your track, try A/B-ing your track against the track you want to emulate and analyzing each with the spectrum analyzer. NOTE: simply copying what you see on the Pro track does not mean that your mix is going to be great – things like the key of the track make a difference. However, if you do this with different reference tracks, you’ll start to notice general similarities in the spectrum of highly produced tracks in your genre. Notice things like where the low end is rolled off, how the mids look in relation to the highs etc. Above all use your ears!
5. Don’t get caught up in the “I must have every new plugin” game. Find ones that you really like and focus on mastering them before you add more. Learn your craft.
6. If you like to gate things to your drums, create a dedicated sidechain trigger track – so you can keep those nice pumping effects even when your main drums are muted. This can be as simple as copying your drums to another channel with no output (or muted) and having things sidechained to that channel.
7. It’s often a good approach to lay down the musical elements of your track before writing any basslines – the musical elements will help give your bassline direction and ensure that they all fit together nicely.
8. Using vocal samples? Pay attention to the key and transpose them so that they match the key of your track – if you aren’t sure about this see our post on understanding key. Once you’ve found a nice fit, a good trick on energetic tracks is to then tune the sample up by 10-20 cents. The slightly sharper tone with give your vocals a bit more punch, as many vocalists tend to sing slightly flat.
9. Want to fatten up that synth sound? Tune one of the oscillators on your synth down an octave (12 semitones). Tuning an oscillator up 7 semitones also gives you a nice open-5th sound, which works great on big pads or leads.
10. Planning on taking your Ableton track somewhere else to work on it? Don’t forget to use the “Collect all and save” feature when saving it. This will make sure that all of your project files are collected from wherever they may be on your computer and packed nicely into a handy folder that you can throw on your drive. No more getting there and realizing that you’re missing a few of the key audio clips!
11. If you’re looking to fatten your synth sounds, don’t overlook the “unison” button (you’ll find this on the ES2 for example, as well as many other hardware and software synths) – try playing around with this to see how the additional voices thicken things up quickly.
12. Try using a delay send-effect to simulate loops playing at different tape speeds. The delay time should NOT be synced to tempo, but just increase linearly over the duration of the process (you can just draw this automation in). You’ll get some interesting results at various stages, which you can again bounce down – and this works nicely for things like vocals and pads as well.
13. Looking for some interesting twists on your drum loops? Try copying a percussive loop to two tracks. Shorten one of the loops by a 16th note, and then repeat both loops for 16 measures. The shorter note will fall behind a 16th each measure and then , at measure 16, be back in sync. Among these 16 bar segements, you’ll find some interesting variations, which you can then bounce down as a new loop. (You can also shorten one loop by a 16th note triplet and get some interesting syncopation and swing into the pattern).
14. If you are using Ableton in a studio setting, you may want to optimize it’s audio quality when bouncing your track down.
15. Have your drums channels mixed the way you like them? Then group them, so that you can adjust the overall drum level in the mix while keeping the relative drum channel levels the same. In Ableton, this is as simple as shift-clicking on all your drum tracks and then hitting Cmd-G or Ctrl-G.
16. If you are mixing in loops and rhythm elements from a lot of different sources, it helps to use a frequency analyzer when mixing them and keep an eye on the spectrum. You can use a little EQ to even out any frequencies that stand out – generally you are aiming for a fairly flat spectrum.
17. Most people just use the default settings for quantization in logic, or import templates – but the extended quantize parameters in logic are extremely versatile and useful. These include things like Q-Swing, Q-Strength, Q-Range and Q-Flam. The key command for bringing up these extra quantization parameters in Logic is “P” – or you can find these in the extended parameters window which by ‘Right Clicking’ or ‘Control Clicking’ on “Quantize” and selecting ‘Extended Parameters’.
18. If you are using Logic’s ES2 for Bass sounds, don’t overlook the “Sine Level” pot. Adding a bit of this can give your patch a touch more bass end as it is a sine-wave generator tuned at oscillator 1’s pitch and reinforces the original signal. Also, play around with putting the ES2 into Unison mode, set to mono, and adding more voices. Watch your ears and monitors!
19. Did you know that best practice is to bounce down to the format that is specific to your platform? If you are on a MAC it’s probably safest to bounce to AIFF and if you are on a PC bounce to WAV to get the best results.
-Control-click or right-click the Sine label, and choose a waveform from the pop-up menu.
-Click-hold the Sine label and drag the mouse vertically.
-Shift-click the menu, and type in a value, to select the Digiwave numerically.
21. After some interesting random percussive rhythms to apply on top of a beat in Logic? Try loading something like a single Tom sound mapped across your keyboard in the EXS24. Once you’ve done this, draw in an empty MIDI region and draw in a trigger on each 16th for your looping area. NOW go to Functions/Transform and select “Reverse Pitch”. On the “Flip” button select “+/-Random” and increase the amount to 24 (basically this will randomize each 16th by pitch randomly over two octaves). The select “Operate”. Try it!
22. Have a muddy mix? A high-pass filter applied to every channel can really help clean up a busy mix and give the kick and bass some room to move.
23. If you are looking for interesting effects, try adding sending an element to a bus with chorus on it, set to “pre” and then panning the effected sound to the rear and reducing the volume. If you do this while keeping the original signal in the front you can get some interesting effects.
24. Using Cubase and looking for that “disco re-edit” sound or a more live feel generally in your original track? Try looking beyond quantization swing and play around with the Tempo record function. Within the Tempo window (Alt/Cmd-T), just move the slider to your desired tempo while the track is playing back. Maybe leave the intro and outro nicely locked for mixing and add a little fluctuation in the middle to give the whole track some new swing?
25. When using Pro Tools, adjust the Hardware Buffer Size appropriately in the Playback Engine set up window. As a general rule, keep it low (up to 128 samples) for recording to avoid latency, unless you use the low – latency monitoring options, in which case, any processing on armed tracks will be bypassed. Use a high buffer size for mixing, to maximise processing.
26. Having Plug-in Buffer problems in Logic? Be aware that plug ins like the Adaptive Limiter will produce their own latency problems, so don’t use these until all recording is complete. The Multipressor will cause similar issues as will the use of too many ‘regular’ plug-ins. Bounce a file of your track if you need to record audio over a ‘busy’ backing track.
27. Did you know that if you drag a quick-time movie with audio into arrangement view in Live the video will pop open and you see the movie audio just like any other audio sample? You can then use the “Loop Brace” to create movie loops and use warp markers to radically speed up and slow down the movie.
28. Don’t overlook the time saving features of Key Command Macros in cubase. Want to quantize, trim note legnth, and fix velocity of your MIDI in one go? Create a new Macro in your key commands window and then add “MIDI – fixed lengths”, “MIDI – fixed velocity”, and “MIDI – Quantize”. Then select your MIDI part and apply the Macro (bottom of the edit window). Figure out which things you might frequently do and create useful macros for yourself.
29. Your computer will run better when it’s plugged into the mains. So, if you’re doing CPU intensive work, whenever possible make sure you are plugged up.
30. If you are using Reason and want that great reversed vocal or drum sound before the original, there’s a nice one-key way to do this. Open your sample in the audio editor and reverse it – then set the playback mode to “Forward + Backward” and you’ll hear the sound nicely swell into itself.
31. No matter what your DAW, the smallest buffer size possible should be used when recording to prevent latency – but when on playback you can increase this to avoid system overload messages.
33. It is advisable not to compress your whole mix prior to mixdown but just to concentrate on getting a good mix. Leave worrying about power and loudness for when you pull the bounce into a new mastering session. This way, if your track is picked up, you’ll have a nice raw track so send to a proper mastering engineer.
34. If you are tired of waiting for Live to analyze your files when you drop them into your sets, just browse to the folder and control/right-click on the folder and choose “Analyse”. Now when you drop one of the files into your set, it’s ready instantly!
35. Want to know how to make a simple major chord from any key on your keyboard? Easy. Put your finger on any key, count up four keys (whites and blacks) and put your second finger there. Lastly, count up 3 more keys from your second finger. There you have it, a basic major chord.
36. Want to know how to make a simple minor chord from any key on your keyboard? Easy. Follow the instructions above for a major chord. Then drop your middle finger down one key. There you have it, a basic minor chord.
37. Want to quickly automate more than one element in Logic? Just group the faders, then any automation moves will be written en masse.
38. If you always want to use the high-quality setting for your EQ8 in Live, just right-click on the EQ8 and select high-quality as the default setting.
39. If you are limited in terms of your investment capital for your setup, at least get a quality set of monitors. Having a decent set of monitors to reference your music on will change the way you produce.
40. If you’re creating your own loops from chopped material, recorded material etc, make sure that you prep them before getting too far into producing with them. Make sure they don’t have unwanted silence on the front end, which might make them out of sync with the rest of your material. Also, be sure to check that the start and end points fade nicely at the zero crossing. This will ensure you don’t get left with nasty little pops and clicks.
41. If you’re running out of room on the default drive you loaded your Live library to, you may want to move it to an external drive to free up some room. Go into your preferences and choose Library>Location. You can then move your library to another location.
42. After some interesting rhythmical textures? Right/Cntrl-click any random audio in Live and select “Slice to New MIDI Track”. The try reordering the generated MIDI to work with your drums, or even integrate them into your drum rack by dragging the drum pads over.
43. You can get some interesting effects side-chaining the filter in Live. A nice little feature.
44. If you you have a complex MIDI part in Cubase and you want to separate its contents or delete some notes you can speedily do this by choosing MIDI>Dissolve part with the even selected. Each note can then be split off to a separate even or even split by channel.
45. If the machine you are using for music production is also connected to the web, it’s probably a good idea to turn off automatic updates for your machine. By doing so, you’ll make sure that any incompatibilities that updates might create with your DAW are avoided. You can always select to download updates but manually install them – giving you time to ensure that you have properly backed up your machine before installing updates.
46. Sorry, did you say that you don’t regularly back up your machine/sample library? Are you a glutton for punishment? Back up, back up, back up – or you’ll eventually regret it.
47. The EVOC (Logic’s vocoder) can be used for much more than the traditional vocoder effect – especially if you make use of side-chaining. Try setting it up in it’s synth mode and play in a chord/note that works with your track. Then side chain it to something like your drums to get an interesting rhythm that sits well with your drums. Try delaying this to get some interesting accompanyments that compliment your drums.
48. If you’re using pads to fill out your track, try using a band-pass filter on the sound and modulate it in some way to give your pads movment – this could be something like LFO’s, envelopes, or even just track automation of the filter itself. 49. Some limiters will let you push their output to 0db but some will let you push past that. It’s good practice to set the output level below zero (-0.1 or -0.2 for example) to avoid any potential clipping or errors.
50. Compression and limiting are nice but don’t squash the life out of your track. It results in no dynamics and a tiring feel…if your waveform basically looks like a solid block, you’re probably pushing way too hard.
“…files should be in WAV or AIFF format and should not have been converted to a lesser quality (ie resolution or sample rate) – please do not send us MP3 versions! Your files should be as raw as possible please send with with no effects, compression or maximisation. It helps to ensure no plug-ins used have over-levelled at any point and the file sent has had no channels touching the red, lastly a good 6db or so of headroom on the finished file is essential to allow us to do our thing and obtain the best possible audio result.
52. When you are layering kicks to get that perfect sound, pay attention to phase. If you are layering a couple of kicks, say one with a low end and one with a more punchy mid/top, try switching the phase on one of the channels. This can sometimes result in a more pleasing sound. Another option is to play with the track delay. Moving one of them slightly in relation to the other can often give you a nice result.
53. When trying to brighten a sound, it’s often as useful to remove some of the lower mids as it is to try and increase the higher frequencies with EQ. Just be careful not to remove too much as you will loose punch.
54. Try sending all of your drum elements, minus the kick and snare, to a bus and add a compressor to the bus. If you side-chain your kick and snare to the compressor on this bus and adjust the send levels of the kick and snare to the bus, you will be able to push up all the elements in your drums but still keep the main driving elements – kick and snare – prominent.
55. If you can’t seem to find that right percussive sound and you’ve gone through your library, don’t forget about adjusting the transients on what you have. This, and detuning, can seriously alter your drum library sounds and you’ll likely find what you are after. For a more percussive sound, use short attacks, low sustains and quick decays. For more smooth and extended sounds it’s the opposite.
56. After struggling to work this out at home, I came across this really informative video courtesy of makemorenoise that covers how to easily copy track automation in Logic Pro using very simple key commands.
57. Use the Flutter control to add pitch inconsistencies to the output of the Tape Delay plug-in. Interestingly, this can work particularly well with ‘fixed pitch’ sounds (like a Fender Rhodes piano, for example) as the pitch modulations add an extra touch of chorus-like warmth.
58. When applying delay, experimenting with feedback can create interesting effects. Features to use in conjunction with feedback are the Low Cut and High Cut controls. Delay always seems to work best when it has a different timbral colour from the original input, arguably helping the ear to make a distinction between the dry and wet signals as well as mimicking the tonal colouration of an ‘echo’ that might occur in the real world. Using these filtering controls (which are positioned as part of the feedback circuit) you can make the delay darker (using High Cut), thinner (using Low Cut) or narrower (using a combination of both filters).
59. You can give your drums a pulsing feel if you apply an LFO controlled low-pass filter to them. Add the filter to your drum track and lower the frequency until you start hearing it filter the hi-hats. Then, set the LFO amount nice and low and sync the rate to a 1-bar cycle. You can then offset the LFO to taste.
60. Off beat hi-hat patterns can make your patterns more interesting if you loop them for 3 beats rather than the usual four. This way, they cycle at a different rate to the main loop, but still stay in time. Give it a try and see how it sounds.
61. DAW’s will store your audio files, unless you deliberately delete them. Having masses of audio in your project file will clog up your hard drive un-necessarily when your project is finished. So, in Logic go to your Audio Bin and find the ‘delete un-used audio’ function.
62. If you’re having trouble with hard drive space, think about recording in MIDI instead of audio. This will allow you to record lots of alternate takes without having to worry too much about space. Perfect for laptop producers, who’s hard drives may not be as large.
63. Confused about when to use insert effects or send to a buss with an effect on it? As a general rule, you should use inserts on channels that you want to process independantly, but use busses if you want to process a group of channels collectively. For example, you might have a group of drum tracks – kick, snares, hats, shakers, that you want to EQ and compress. You might put an individual EQ on each of the channels, and compress each channel differently to get the desired sound. Then, you could send all of these channels to a buss with another compressor on it that compresses the collective tracks to “glue” them together.
64. Using Reverb and Delay as buss effects is often useful as it creates a common sense of space for all of your track parts. If you use different Reverb and Delay settings for each track as an insert, this can create a sense of non-conformity that your brain feels is strange – afterall, we are used to listening to music in one type of environment, which colours the whole sound.
65. Even though you remove a file from your session in Ableton, Ableton’s file management system still keeps any previously used files in the project folder. This can end up taking up a lot of unecessary space on your drive. You can use the “manage files” function.
-then click show in finder (make sure that the headphone sample preview is off. Select all and delete…Bam free hard drive space.
66. One way to grab vocals off a recording is to eq out the drums but this often has some undesireable effects on the vocal as well. If you happen to have the instrumental version, you can try another technique – phase cancellation. Here’s a nice little video on the process.
67. Looking for that “sampled from vinyl” effect to give your tracks a little more grit? Don’t overlook the bit-crusher. Just a slight bit of crushing on some select elements can give your digital tracks that more organic feel.
68. A good way to get some movement in your mix is to use autopanners on two instruments playing the same MIDI information. Oppose the starting points so that as they pan they cross eachother as they pan. Keep on eye on your wet/dry setting on the panners though or the mix may become unbalanced.
69. An important and often overlooked part of mastering is to check your mix for mono compatibility. Many club systems have mono systems and it your track isn’t mono compatible you will get phase cancellation – removing essential parts like your bassline. Get an analyzer that checks for mono compatibility – many mastering suites have them and there are also free tools you can find on the web.
70. Use busses and group similar sounds there applying effects like reverb and compression. By creating group busses for basses and drums for example, you’ll develope a more coherent “glued together” sound.
71. Many of Ableton’s plugins have different quality modes – such as the EQ for example. Setting them to the highest quality mode will result in a better quality processing of the audio, but this also results in higher CPU use. If you are struggling with CPU load, consider setting them to a lower setting when in your arranging/jamming mode and then having your mixing defaults set to the highest setting. At this point you should have already bounced down quite a few files and will have more processing power available.
72. Be careful when using your DAW’s freeze function or exporting stems for mixing – many DAWS will bypass any sidechaning you had in place when you do this. Instead, bounce any side-chained parts down using sidechain processing individually through the master bus (set to 0dB with all plugins bypassed). Be sure you have the output of the sidechain source channels muted with still sending their signal to the bus.
73. Always keep your monitoring level at a reasonable level whilst you are working in the studio and turn it up once in a while for a short period. SAVE YOUR EAR’s – the last thing you want is to damage your ears or get tinnitus which could end your music making career for good!
74. Always save your tracks with different version names as you are writing the track. This will enable you to experiment more with the track without worries about loosing your way – if you lose your way you can always pull up an earlier version.
75. This should go without saying but many people still don’t do it. BACK UP!!! My backup external hard drive recently broke and I did not replace it straight away. 3 weeks later my hard drive died and I lost everything. 3 years of music arrangements gone. Don’t think it won’t happen to you and get caught out!
76. Name your tracks either as you go or at the end of every session. This will make it much easier when you go back to your arrangement to alter tracks easily and know what’s what. 76. An equalizer and spectrum meter are essential when you are writing a song. Analyze your tracks EQ responses to find ranges of your mix that are lacking frequencies, and fill in the gaps. You can also then use EQ to help even out your mixes. It is also a good idea to analyze some of your favourite tracks in the same genre to get a sense of what the frequency range looks like.
77. If your gain reduction meter on your compressor doesn’t return to 0dB for a few bars, you are probably over-compressing. The fact that gain reduction never returns to 0dB indicates that compression is always taking place. A constantly compressed signal – especially if it’s relating to your whole track – can sound very flat and lifeless, as you are squashing all of the natural dynamics out of your sounds.
78. When you are dialing in settings on a compressor ask yourself these questions each time.
79. Don’t overlook the built in track delay for each of the tracks in your DAW. By altering these slightly (1-10ms or so) you can push things forward in time or pull them back, creating a relaxed or urgent feel. Clever playing around with these will also give your track it’s own unique sense of swing.
80. If you’re using a sampler to play in percussive sounds, variation of the velocities can make them sound more human. Go further and experiment with modulating the sample starts via an LFO or the velocity – or by altering the pitch of hits subtly. These will slightly change the place of the peak transient in your groove or mimic they way a drummer strikes differently each time.
81. The way you put your effects chains together can have a profound effect on the final sound. People are often confused about when to add EQ and compression. There’s no hard-and-fast rule to this, but thinking about it in a common-sense way will help you decide. Simply ask yourself the following question: ” Do I want to EQ my compressed signal, or compress my EQ’d signal?” The answer to that will tell you where to place each in your chain in that instance. If you still don’t know the answer, experiment with both and see what pleases you most.
82. Did you know you can re-size the meters both horizontally and diagonally in Ableton to get more information and greater resolution? Try dragging the line above the meter or sideways on the track header to reveal the dB meter numbers.
83. Have a play with the EQ3 in Ableton vs. the EQ8 and try cutting a certain frequencies – say the low end for example. You’ll soon notice that the EQ3 has a very different characteristic and can be useful for your more “broad range” cuts.
84. Experiment with stacking sounds in your sampler and then sculpting the stacked sounds to create your own unique elements. If you’re using Logic for example just open up an EXS24 instrument and go to the instrument editor. Highlight the folder in the left hand “Zone” column (this will select all the zones in your instrument). Now go to the edit menu and hit “copy”. Now open up a new exs24 instrument that you think might sound interesting stacked with your first one. Go to the instrument editor as before, and the select “paste”. Your zones from both instruments will now be stacked and triggering a key will trigger both samples assigned to that key at the same time.
85. Looking for a slightly different way to add some movement to your pads other than the usual side-chained compression option? Try using a high-pass filter with an envelope following option and adding it to a pad sound. Set the sidechain of the filter to listen to the kick so that it raises the filter cut-off when the kick drum plays.
86. If your kick is lacking clarity, one fix is to subtly layer it with on-beat hats – these bring it some clarity and bite. Just mix it to taste.
87. Old schol drum machines were created so that the kick and snares in particular kits are designed to work well with eachother right out of the box, so you can use these as a foundation for your beats and then layer up with your own samples for extra flavour.
88. Give your hats some nice movement by panning the closed hats hard left and right and creating a sequence that alternately triggers left and right hats. Put an open hat in the centre.
89. If you are using the EXS24 and want to emulate the classic “choking” effect where open and closed hats cannot play at the same time just route all your hats to a single “Group”. To do this, just go to the group pull-down menu and create a new group. Set the number of voices to 1. Now, only one sound can play at once, effectively “choking” the others.
90. If you want to easily see where triplets should fall using your grid, try programming using a 24/4 quantize grid.
91. Looking for that extra bit of energy in your fills? Try switching to triplets in the fill before reverting back to 16th or 8th quantize divisions for the regular groove.
92. Looking for a more chunky sound to your hats and snares? Try some modest bit-crushing and you’ll be surprised at how this can thicken up some sounds. This will reduce some of the high range frequency, so you’ll need to compensate with a bit of upper-end EQ.
93. Working all day with a loud kick drum can tire your ears, not to mention in some cases annoy the neighbors. Try putting a low cut filter on your master channel just to give your ears a bit of rest once you’ve got your kick levels sorted. You can always turn it off periodically to test your mix levels. Your ears and your neighbors will appreciate the break.
94. Have you written in all your automation and found out you need to do some track level tweaking? Save yourself the hassle of altering your automation and instead insert a utility plugin on the rogue channel. You can dial in a negative output level and bring the gain of your channel down without having to get into the automation.
97. Fills are great for filling the space left when the vocalist or lead instrumentalist isn’t playing, and also signal changes in your arrangement. This will create tension and add interest to a track. Fills could be drum rolls, for example, or a reverse reverb from a vocal.
98. Did you know you can save clips containing just MIDI CC automation data for future use ? You could, for example, open up previous projects and save the filter sweeps, volume swells or velocity patterns. These can then easily be transferred over existing MIDI tracks on new tracks. Use something like Cubase’s Logical Editor or Logic’s Transform functions to reassign your clips to entirely new CCs. A great time saver.
99. If you ever feel like u don’t know where to go with your track, try using your DAW’s MIDI transpose function to shift entire passages up and down in pitch. Often, these transposition tools offer the option of keeping the notes relative to the key of the song. You may also want to try this without this option- you’ll be surprised at some of the interesting key change progressions you arrive at.
100. Don’t overlook MIDI control numbers for your synth. These will be listed somewhere in the manual and offer a way for you to draw in automation and assign it to a vast array of parameters on your synth. Try drawing in your own automation and assinging it to whatever MIDI parameter you want to modulate. You could assign it to the general MIDI CC 74 for the cutoff frequency or MIDI CC 7 for the volume for example. Experiment with different CC’s and see what cool effects you stumble across.
101. Looking to add some extra oomph to a chord? Try assigning a different sound to each note in the chord and play with the levels/ADSR of each to get a good fit. An easy way to do this is to play each key of your chord individually with a different synth patch for each and record the output. Then throw these sounds in a sampler and assign them to each of the appropriate keys. When you play them all together, you’ll get an interesting multi-layered chord. Very similar to the concept of stacking intstruments, but with an extra twist.
102. A lot of the space and size in my breakdowns comes from layering pads. I’ll have two or three layered and EQ them so they take care of different frequencies. So if there’s a pad that’s quite bottom-end orientated I’ll take the top out of it. Then, for another pad with really nice top end, I’ll EQ out the bottom end and so on. I also like to widen things up a little and logics sample delay is a fantastic way to get wideness to sounds. It lets you delay one of the channels by samples rather than milliseconds and is really good for widening pads.
A lot of people put too much into tracks when making trance and it can get too crowded. I always work from the peak of the track and then strip it back for the arrangement. For ambience, the Big Cave preset on logics Space Designer is great and I also use QuikQuak’s fusion field. Try raising the reverb level over time so it almost overpowers the dry signal for big build-ups.
103. Lately, I like to add a little randomness – and sometimes a lot of it – to some parameters of my instruments: pitch, pan, volume, cut-off, decay, fx levels and so on. When done subtly, it may not be too noticeable from the outside and the listener probably can’t guess what is going on. But it will start to make instruments sound a bit more lively, unique and interesting. For example, it can be done in NI Massive or any other vst through formula controller if, like me, you use FL Studio.
104. With the update of Maschine to 1.8 there are some quick new ways to select and modify notes. Hold erase+select+pad to erase notes or shift+select+pad to select them. Once you’ve selected the events on particular pad, you can modify their with the swing, timing, velocities etc.
105. We’ve probably said this before, but get used to using a spectrum analyzer on each channel to help you clean up your mixes and notch out conflicting frequencies on different tracks. You’d be surprised how much “mud” you’ll find on things you really didn’t think had any low end, and cleaning this unecessary stuff out from the start will help you get a much cleaner mix in the end.
106. The key to getting expressive unique sounds from your synth is various forms of modulation. Get to understand your Mod Matrix and the various ways you can alter the sounds over time with things like envelopes. You’ll be glad you spent the time and find yourself deviating from the standard presets in your own way.
107. It doesn’t ALWAYS have to cost a load to be good. In fact there are a ton of great free plugins on the web. Our free area at Plugin Boutique is a good place to start your hunt.
108. Looking to get a more interesting sequence from your arpeggiator? Try throwing one after another for some even stranger effects. Another great way to play with the original sequence is to alter the note velocities and lengths using your DAWs’ “Transform” or “Numerical Edit” function.
109. Modulating a synth’s filter cutoff frequency with an LFO is a great way to get a sound that evolves and works well with an apreggiator.
110. It’s a good idea to add and EQ and roll off the low end on your delay and reverb busses to keep things from getting muddy.
111. Use wide voicing and go easy on the sustain if you’re working with a Rhodes sound, to keep things from getting muddy.
112. Did you know that you can play any sample you drop into a clip in Ableton’s session view chromatically? Just drop a sample into an empty clip, click on MIDI learn, and while the clip is highlighted press the lowest and highest keys on your keyboard. Exit MIDI learn and you’ll now be able to play the sample pitched up and down on your keyboard. For good results, double click the audio file and turn of global quantization for the clip, so every time you hit a key the sample plays back immediately.
113. With the newest operating system update to Maschine, you’ve got a great way to browse your samples. Just turn on preview mode in the browser and select your sample folder. As you browse through using the hardware controller you’ll audition the sounds and if you come across something you love, you’ll be ready to load it into the sampler and start playing.
114. Did you know that if you are planning on dithering your bounced file after bouncing (during the final mastering stage) Ableton’s manual suggests you bounce at 32-bit (or above)?
These guys are so underratted, I’ve been listening and appreciating their music for a while now.
In the last year and change, Audio Push have released a ton of music. From their Inside the Vibe and The Stone Junction EPs to their My Turn series and debut album, 90951.
So much so, that they’ve decided to package up a collection of tracks they haven’t released yet and released them as The Throwaways.
Produced entirely by Larry Belafonte, The Throwaways can be heard below.
Weezy threw up the diamond sign to the packed crowd at Aebersold Recreation Center recently and mentioned that he is now part of Roc Nation, “Is it cool if I just say it? Its the Roc. You know I’m a member of that team now,”.
This is definately a good move for Weezy since he’s been having endless label issues with former label, Cash Money.
Kendrick Lamar surprises us and unveils the cover and tracklist for his highly anticipated forthcoming album titled “DAMN.” No rap features on this album and we cant wait to hear it.
Damn. is set to drop on Thursday 13th of April. | 2019-04-24T18:10:24Z | https://www.prinstonbeatz.com/2017/04/ |
LA HABRA – Whittier Christian High School continued its thrilling postseason ride by delivering a 25-22, 21-25, 25-16, 25-15 opening-round victory Tuesday, Nov. 26 over La Costa Canyon in the CIF State Division II playoffs.
The host Heralds (33-6), coming off their second consecutive CIF-SS Division 2A crown, stepped things up in the third and fourth games en route to the win. Up next for fourth-seeded Whittier Christian is a second-round match against top-seeded Santiago High of Corona, which is scheduled for 7 p.m. Saturday, Nov. 30. Santiago (38-0) won its Tuesday first-round match against Taft of Woodland Hills, 25-13, 25-18, 25-10.
Senior outside hitter Deanna Blaine led the Heralds attack by recording 20 kills. Outside hitter Kylee Wolfe and middle blocker Stephanie Stevenson, both seniors, also played major roles by posting 15 and 10 kills, respectively.
Brittany Abercrombie made 18 kills to pace No. 5 seeded La Costa Canyon, which finished its season at 25-10.
Heralds head coach Shawn Hunter praised his team’s effort.
“I definitely thought we needed to be aware of their opposite (hitters),” Hunter said. “We wanted to shift away from them as much as possible. We did a good job of controlling the contact.
After splitting their first two games against the Mavericks, the Heralds seized control during the third and fourth sets.
The Heralds, trailing 10-9 in the third game, recaptured the advantage by scoring five unanswered points. Three of those winners came on kills by Blaine.
After Abercrombie’s kill reduced Whittier Christian’s lead to 16-13, the Heralds grabbed mometum and went on a 9-3 surge to capture the third game.
Whittier Christian kept up the pressure on the Mavericks during the fourth game. The Heralds, leading 7-5, pulled away by going on a decisive 18-10 run. Stevenson’s kill provided the match-winning point for the Heralds.
Heralds senior setter Jennifer Washle recorded 47 assists and 12 digs. Wolfe and senior libero Nicole Santos each added 14 and 10 digs, respectively.
ORANGE – The Whittier Christian High School girls’ volleyball team successfully defended its CIF-Southern Section Division 2A crown on Saturday, Nov. 23 by sweeping Mayfield 25-19, 25-19, 25-19 at Santiago Canyon College in Orange.
The Heralds (33-6), after capturing their second consecutive CIF-SS divisional title, will direct their focus on the CIF State Division II Tournament. Fourth-seeded Whittier Christian will host No. 5 seeded La Costa Canyon (25-9) in an opening-round match scheduled for 7 p.m. on Tuesday, Nov. 26, 2013.
Heralds coach Shawn Hunter expressed happiness about his team’s achievements during the 2013 season.
The senior trio of Kylee Wolfe, Deanna Blaine and Stephanie Stevenson starred in the Heralds’ triumph over Mayfield. Wolfe recorded a team-high 15 kills while Blaine and Stevenson added 13 and 12 kills respectively.
La Costa Canyon finished as the runner-up in the CIF-San Diego Section’s Open Division. The winner of tonight’s game will face either Santiago or Taft in a second-round game scheduled for Saturday, Nov. 30.
By The Rev. Thomas M. Boles PhD, D.D.
word can have far-reaching effects. Fortunately, so can a careful word!
The East Whittier YMCA, 15740 Starbuck St. in Whittier, offers a “Y Kids Klub” for children ages 6 to 13.
The program offers a variety of activities such as board games, sports and exercise.
For more information, call 562-943-7241.
Uptown Whittier YMCA, 12510 Hadley St. in Whittier, offers a youth adventure center for youngsters and family members ages 6 to 13. All children ages 6 to 9 must be checked in by an adult.
Featured activities include table tennis, computer games and a 20-foot high rock-climbing wall.
The hours are from 3:30 to 8:30 p.m. Monday, Wednesday and Friday; 3:30 to 9 p.m. Tuesday and Thursday, and from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Saturday.
For more information, call 562-907-6530.
Uptown Whittier YMCA, 12510 Hadley St. in Whittier, offers tae kwon do classes for ages 3 to adult.
Instructors place strong emphasis on self-discipline and building self-esteem. They will teach how to use strength effectively, maintain cardiovascular fitness, improve flexibility and coordination, as well as tone the muscular system.
For class times and more information, call 562-907-6530.
East Whittier YMCA Impact Martial Arts program offers several classes at 15740 Starbuck St. in Whittier.
Classes are available for all ages and levels of experience. Impact Martial Arts and Fitness is staffed by professional and experienced instructors who have dedicated their lives to sharing the power of martial arts with the community.
For class times and more information, call 562-943-7241.
Chair fitness encourages health and fitness for active people or those whose physical condition, restricted mobility, or age limits their participation in conventional forms of exercise.
The free ongoing class, open to ages 55 and over, requires no registration. Sessions are scheduled from 8:30 to 9:30 a.m. at Parnell Park Activity Center, 15390 Lambert Road, and from 9 to 9:45 a.m. at Whittier Senior Center, 13225 Walnut St. Both classes are slated for Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. No class is scheduled for Nov. 11, Nov. 29, Dec. 25 and Jan. 1, 2014.
Monthly swim lesson sessions are available at both the Uptown Whittier YMCA, 12510 Hadley St., and the East Whittier YMCA, 15740 Starbuck St.
Four-week sessions are available during afternoons and evenings Monday through Thursday, and on Saturday mornings.
For a schedule and more information, call the Uptown Whittier YMCA at 562-907-6530 or the East Whittier YMCA at 562-943-7241.
Ongoing tai chi classes are open to ages 55 and over.
The Whittier Senior Center, 13225 Walnut St., offers a Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday session while Parnell Park Activity Center, 15390 Lambert Road, hosts a Friday class.
The fee for each session is $3.
WHITTIER – La Serna High School launched its postseason journey on a very impressive note on Friday, Nov. 15 as it posted a dominating 55-7 victory over Burbank’s Burroughs High School in the first round of the CIF-Southern Section Southeast Division.
The Del Rio League champion Lancers, who hosted the game at California High, took control instantly by scoring 27 points in the first quarter. With the win, La Serna (9-2) advances to a second-round matchup at Dimaond Bar (7-4), which defeated defending CIF-SS Southeast Division champion Downey 63-29 in its first-round match. The kickoff for the Friday, Nov. 22 game is tentatively scheduled for 7:30 p.m.
Senior quarterback Frankie Palmer gave the Lancers a quick 7-0 lead when he scored on a 61-yard run that came on La Serna’s opening possession.
After senior defensive lineman Aaron Gomez recovered a Burroughs fumble at the Indians’ 6-yard line, the Lancers went right back to work and grabbed a 14-0 advantage on junior running back Bryce Oliver’s 1-yard touchdown run.
La Serna kept up its dominating surge and went on to take a 41-0 lead by scoring on its first six possessions.
Palmer then put La Serna ahead 21-0 when he threw a 6-yard scoring pass to senior wide receiver D’Andre Sanchez. Junior running back Kevin Ramos followed with a 1-yard touchdown run, which closed the first-quarter scoring.
After Palmer’s 31-yard touchdown pass to junior wide receiver Curtis Ashton, the Lancers defense delivered when senior defensive back Johnny Salazar intercepted a Burroughs pass and returned it 48 yards to the Indians’ 18-yard line.
Palmer then made Burroughs pay by scoring on a 18-yard run on a first-down play, which ended the first-half scoring.
Sophomore running back Anthony Garcia’s 32-yard run and junior running back Cameron James’ 6-yard run provided the second-half scoring for the Lancers.
Palmer completed eight of 13 attempts for 125 yards and two scores, and also rushed for 92 yards and two touchdowns on only three carries.
Santa Fe (7-4), the Del Rio League’s third-place team, pulled off a big upset by stunning Hacienda League champion Diamond Ranch (9-2) on Friday, Nov. 15.
The victorious Chiefs will face Burbank in a second-round game scheduled for 7:30 p.m. on Friday, Nov. 22 at Downey High. Burbank (9-2), the Pacific League’s second-place team, is coming off a 49-14 first-round win over Mayfair.
Chiefs junior quarterback Christian Lara accounted for four touchdowns, completing 22 of 30 attempts for 264 yards and three touchdowns and also running for 62 yards and a score.
El Rancho’s 2013 football season ended with a first-round defeat at Dominguez (8-3) on Friday, Nov. 15.
The Dons, who took second place in the Del Rio League, finished with an overall record of 6-5.
Be neither deceived nor discouraged by last Tuesday’s “hearing” held by the L.A. County Board of Supervisors on the Matrix Whittier Main Oil Project. Their vote against the project has potentially no direct impact on the future of the project. The matter is now in the hands of the courts and will, hopefully, be concluded in the not-too-distant future.
The supervisors held this meeting in an attempt to demonstrate to the public that the county has a strategic say in the project approval process. The hearing was not requested by the city of Whittier. The hastiness of the project hearing was also apparent as notice was sent only about 18 days prior to the hearing date of Oct. 29.
The hearing was stacked with opponents of the project ready to be recorded on camera. In fact, a week prior to the hearing, County Open Space District employees were directed to round up people to attend and speak (I have a copy of the e-mail). It is unfortunate that more time was not given to notice this hearing, as more of us who support the project could have attended.
The meeting was both a political event and an event staged as an impartial vote on the project. Many at the hearing complained dramatically that the city of Whittier was ignoring the county consent approval process critical to Prop A. County staff presented a report, based on an outside consultant’s analysis, that condemned the project. It also contained numerous factual errors, including the allegation that 60 oil wells could be drilled throughout the 1,280 acres of city land.
In fact, Matrix Oil is restricted to one drilling and production location on only seven of those acres, which is located in a canyon that is off-limits to the public. In addition, the county’s “findings” were written and published well before the hearing, and approved unanimously by the supervisors without any modification. So much for an open and honest process!
The county’s authority in this matter has already been decided by the California Superior Court. The judge ruled earlier this year that the county’s claims under Proposition A and the public trust doctrine were filed well beyond the statutory deadline.
Consequently, the county is also prohibited from challenging the authenticity of the Matrix Oil lease or Whittier’s Conditional Use Permit. His honor further ruled that Whittier’s obligation to obtain county approval of the project expires in June of 2015. Subject to further appeals or a negotiation, the project will proceed no later than that.
• Our city sought and obtained written approval to proceed with the oil and gas leasing process, and of the proposed lease, from the L.A. County Open Space District and County Counsel in August 2008. This was three months before bids were received and Whittier awarded the lease to Matrix Oil.
• All previous opponents in court have either dropped out, been ruled against or settled their lawsuits with our city, thus allowing the oil project to move forward. This includes the Open Space Legal Defense Fund, the Mountain Recreation Conservation Authority, and the State Attorney General representing the Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy.
• The project is allowable and compatible with Prop A as stated in written reports submitted to the city during the CUP and CEQA review process by Prop A founders/authors Ms. Esther Feldman (CCS) and Mr. Carlyle Hall (Akin Gump). Opponents are misinformed and wrong in stating that the project is not allowed under Prop A.
As the significant majority of us have affirmed in the two most recent City Council elections, Whittier wants and needs the oil project. It will stimulate local business activity and provide funding for our city and for the Habitat Preserve in our hills. Matrix Oil and its partners are determined to pursue the project and are optimistic about a favorable outcome.
J.C. “Mac” McFarland is a lifelong Whittier resident who has served as director for PIH Health and is a 36-year member of the Whittier Host Lions Club. He has built a career as a CPA in the oil and gas industry and has represented Matrix Oil Corp. for the past eight years.
Uptown Whittier YMCA, 12510 Hadley St. in Whittier, offers a Sunday afternoon 5-on-5 men’s basketball league.
The league is scheduled to start on Sunday, Nov. 17, 2013.
The free ongoing class, open to ages 55 and over, requires no registration. Sessions are scheduled from 8:30 to 9:30 a.m. at Parnell Park Activity Center, 15390 Lambert Road, and from 9 to 9:45 a.m. at Whittier Senior Center, 13225 Walnut St. Both classes are slated for Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. No class is scheduled for Nov. 29, Dec. 25 and Jan. 1, 2014.
WHITTIER – La Serna High School, which captured its second consecutive Del Rio League crown by defeating El Rancho 43-8 on Thursday, Nov. 7, 2013, will open its postseason run Friday, Nov. 15 against Burbank’s Burroughs High in a CIF-Southern Section Southeast Division first-round game.
The Lancers (8-2 overall, 5-0 league), who advanced to the divisional championship game the last two seasons, enter the playoffs as the No. 3 seed. Kickoff is scheduled for 7 p.m. at California High.
In their victory over El Rancho (6-4, 4-1), the Lancers jumped out quickly to a 6-0 lead when sophomore running back Anthony Garcia scored on a 9-yard run during La Serna’s opening drive.
La Serna then seized control by scoring 30 points in the second quarter. Junior running back Kevin Ramos extended the Lancers’ lead by delivering a 7-yard scoring run. Senior quarterback Frankie Palmer’s successful two-point conversion pass to Garcia put the Lancers ahead 14-0.
The Lancers then scored touchdowns on their next two possessions, with the first coming on Garcia’s 7-yard run. After senior defensive back Tony Ceron intercepted El Rancho quarterback Ryan Araujo’s pass, the Lancers took possession at their 46-yard line. Two plays later, Ramos scored on a 54-yard scamper. Junior quarterback Enrique Pacheco’s successful two-point conversion run gave La Serna a 29-0 lead with four minutes remaining in the second quarter.
Palmer’s 6-yard touchdown pass to senior wide receiver D’Andre Sanchez closed the first half’s scoring.
Garcia finished with 85 yards and three touchdowns rushing – with the third coming on a 15-yard run which gave La Serna a 43-0 advantage.
Ramos added 103 yards and two scores on seven carries.
The Dons, who finished in second place in the league standings, will visit Dominguez (7-3) in a CIF-SS Southeast Division first-round game slated for 7:30 p.m. on Friday, Nov. 15. Dominguez took second place in the San Gabriel Valley League.
Santa Fe (6-4, 3-2) secured a CIF-SS Southeast Division playoff berth and the league’s third-place spot with a victory over the Condors (4-6, 2-3) on Friday, Nov. 8.
The Chiefs begin their postseason journey at Diamond Ranch (9-1), the champions of the Hacienda League. The game is scheduled for 7 p.m. on Friday, Nov. 15.
California finished as the Del Rio’s fourth-place team.
The Cardinals (4-6, 1-4) concluded their regular season on a high note.
It marked the sixth consecutive defeat for the Titans (3-7, 0-5).
A difficult season ended for the Swordsmen (1-9, 1-4), which emerged with a fifth-place league finish.
Serra (10-0, 5-0), with the Nov. 8 triumph, captured the Mission League crown.
The victorious Heralds (6-4), who finished Olympic League play last week with a 2-2 mark, wrapped up their 2013 season with a Nov. 8 victory over Cerritos (2-8).
Heralds senior quarterback Ryan Esslinger accounted for five touchdowns, throwing for three and running for two. Esslinger, who completed 20 of 24 attempts for 273 yards, ran for 83 yards on nine carries.
“I approached practices the same way I approached games. You can’t turn it on and off like a faucet. I couldn’t dog it during practice and then when I needed that extra push late in the game, expect it to be there. But that’s how a lot of people approach things. And that’s why a lot of people fail.
“They sound like they’re committed to being the best they can be. They say all the right things, make all the proper appearances, but when it comes right down to it, they’re looking for reasons instead of answers.
Winners are those who refuse to call it quits. The story is told of a little girl who was playing Tiddly Winks with her father. Her much more experienced father won the game, said “I won,” and went on to other activities.
Unknown to him, his daughter continued to play. Awhile later she found him and announced, “I won!” “What do you mean?” he asked. “I got all my winks into the bowl.” she said proudly. Indeed, she had won! She had made a commitment to finishing her game.
his oath even when it hurts. | 2019-04-19T05:20:20Z | http://411whittier.com/2013/11/ |
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The Department of Technical Education (DTET) of Telangana looks after education at Technical Institutes, Degree, Diploma and ITI level. The Department also promotes professional courses in Technical & Non – Technical fields. Polytechnic colleges in Telangana state offer technical education and vocational training in specialized fields. These colleges aids in self-employment of the youth. Following list of polytechnic colleges or engineering schools are available in Telangana for studying Diploma Engineering.
There are 7 diploma colleges in Adilabad. You can select a institute below to view diploma college details.
Aizza College of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Adilabad.
Government Model Residential Polytechnic (For St Boys) offers follwoing diploma courses in Adilabad.
Government Polytchnic offers follwoing diploma courses in Adilabad.
Government Polytechnic offers follwoing diploma courses in Adilabad.
Sanjay Gandhi Government Polytechnic offers follwoing diploma courses in Adilabad.
Singareni Collieries Polytechnic offers follwoing diploma courses in Adilabad.
Vivekananda College of Polytechnic offers follwoing diploma courses in Adilabad.
There are 14 diploma colleges in Hyderabad. You can select a institute below to view diploma college details.
Central Institute of Commerce offers follwoing diploma courses in Hyderabad.
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Hyderabad.
Government Domestic Science Training College offers follwoing diploma courses in Hyderabad.
Government Girls Vocational Institute offers follwoing diploma courses in Hyderabad.
Government Institute of Printing Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Hyderabad.
Government Istitute of Electronics offers follwoing diploma courses in Hyderabad.
Government Polytechnic, Hyderabad offers follwoing diploma courses in Hyderabad.
Kamala Nehru Polytechnic for Women offers follwoing diploma courses in Hyderabad.
Mahaveer Institute of Science and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Hyderabad.
Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Polytechnic Hyderabad offers follwoing diploma courses in Hyderabad.
Nawab Shah Alam Khan College of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Hyderabad.
Quli Qutub Shah Government Polytechnic offers follwoing diploma courses in Hyderabad.
Smt. Durgabai Deshmukh Women’s Technical Training Instutie offers follwoing diploma courses in Hyderabad.
Sri Venkateshwara College of Pharmacy offers follwoing diploma courses in Hyderabad.
There are 16 diploma colleges in Karimnagar. You can select a institute below to view diploma college details.
Dr Br Ambedkar Government Model Residential Polytechnic for Women (Sc), Karimnagar offers follwoing diploma courses in Karimnagar.
Governament Polytechnic offers follwoing diploma courses in Karimnagar.
Government Polytechnic Koratla offers follwoing diploma courses in Karimnagar.
Government Polytechnic, Husnabad offers follwoing diploma courses in Karimnagar.
Jyothishmathi Institute of Technological Sciences offers follwoing diploma courses in Karimnagar.
Jyothishmathi Institute of Technology and Science offers follwoing diploma courses in Karimnagar.
Kyasa Polytechnic College offers follwoing diploma courses in Karimnagar.
Mother Theressa College of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Karimnagar.
Nigama Engineering College offers follwoing diploma courses in Karimnagar.
Sahaja Institute of Technology Sciences for Women offers follwoing diploma courses in Karimnagar.
Sindhura Collge of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Karimnagar.
Sree Raja Rajeshwara Swamy Government Polytechnic, Sircilla offers follwoing diploma courses in Karimnagar.
Trinity College of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Karimnagar.
Vaageswari College of Engineering offers follwoing diploma courses in Karimnagar.
Vivekananda Institute of Technology and Science offers follwoing diploma courses in Karimnagar.
There are 18 diploma colleges in Khammam. You can select a institute below to view diploma college details.
Abdulkalam Institute of Technological Sciences offers follwoing diploma courses in Khammam.
Anubose Institute of Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Khammam.
Bomma Institute of Technology and Science offers follwoing diploma courses in Khammam.
Daripally Anantha Ramulu College of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Khammam.
Government Polytechnic offers follwoing diploma courses in Khammam.
Govt Polytechnic Madhira offers follwoing diploma courses in Khammam.
Khammam Institute of Technology and Sciences offers follwoing diploma courses in Khammam.
Klr College of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Khammam.
Laqshya Institute of Technology and Sciences offers follwoing diploma courses in Khammam.
Mohammadiya Institute of Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Khammam.
Mother Teresa Institute of Science and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Khammam.
S. E. S. – S. N. Murthy Polytechnic offers follwoing diploma courses in Khammam.
Sai Spurthi Institute of Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Khammam.
Sree Rama Institute of Technology and Science offers follwoing diploma courses in Khammam.
Sreekavitha Engineering College offers follwoing diploma courses in Khammam.
Srr Engineering College offers follwoing diploma courses in Khammam.
Swarna Bharathi Institute of Science and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Khammam.
Vijaya Engineering College offers follwoing diploma courses in Khammam.
There are 12 diploma colleges in Mahabubnagar. You can select a institute below to view diploma college details.
Gayathri Institute of Technology and Sciences offers follwoing diploma courses in Mahabubnagar.
Government Plytechnic, Gadwal offers follwoing diploma courses in Mahabubnagar.
Government Polytechnic offers follwoing diploma courses in Mahabubnagar.
Government Polytechnic for Women Pebbair offers follwoing diploma courses in Mahabubnagar.
Government Polytechnic Vaddepally offers follwoing diploma courses in Mahabubnagar.
Government Polytechnic, Mahabubnagar offers follwoing diploma courses in Mahabubnagar.
Jaya Prakash Narayan College of Engineering offers follwoing diploma courses in Mahabubnagar.
Kdr Government Polytechnic offers follwoing diploma courses in Mahabubnagar.
Smt. Sarojini Ramulamma College of Pharmacy offers follwoing diploma courses in Mahabubnagar.
Sree Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology and Science offers follwoing diploma courses in Mahabubnagar.
Sree Visvesvaraya Polytechnic offers follwoing diploma courses in Mahabubnagar.
Vivekananda Institute of Science and Information Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Mahabubnagar.
There are 23 diploma colleges in Medak. You can select a institute below to view diploma college details.
Elenki Engineering College offers follwoing diploma courses in Medak.
Elenki Institute of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Medak.
Ellenki College of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Medak.
Goverment Polytechnic for Women offers follwoing diploma courses in Medak.
Government Model Residential Polytechnic, Gajwel offers follwoing diploma courses in Medak.
Government Polytechnic offers follwoing diploma courses in Medak.
Government Polytechnic Chegunta offers follwoing diploma courses in Medak.
Government Polytechnic for Women offers follwoing diploma courses in Medak.
Government Polytechnic for Women, Medak offers follwoing diploma courses in Medak.
Government Polytechnic Narayankhed offers follwoing diploma courses in Medak.
Government Polytechnic Sanga Reddy offers follwoing diploma courses in Medak.
Government Polytechnic, Siddipet offers follwoing diploma courses in Medak.
Govt Polytechnic, Narsapur offers follwoing diploma courses in Medak.
Indur Institute of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Medak.
Nobel College of Pharmacy offers follwoing diploma courses in Medak.
Noble Polytechnic College offers follwoing diploma courses in Medak.
Priyadarshini Institute of Science and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Medak.
Ratnapuri Institute of Technology – College of Polytechnic offers follwoing diploma courses in Medak.
Rrs College of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Medak.
Sri Sangameshwara Governament Polytechnic, Zaheerabad offers follwoing diploma courses in Medak.
St. Mary’s College of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Medak.
Trr College of Engineering offers follwoing diploma courses in Medak.
Turbomachinery Instituteof Technology and Sciences offers follwoing diploma courses in Medak.
There are 39 diploma colleges in Nalgonda. You can select a institute below to view diploma college details.
Adusumilli Vijaya College of Engineering and Research Centre offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Adusumilli Vijaya Institute of Technology and Research Centre offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Akshara Polytechnic College offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Anurag Engineering College offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Arvindaksha Educational Society’s Group of Institutions offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Ashoka Institute of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Aurora’s Polytechnic College offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
B. V. Krishna Polytechnic offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Bhagath College of Diploma In Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Dhruva Institute of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Gandhi Academy of Technical Education offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Gandhi Academy of Technical Education Polytechnic offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Government Polytechnic offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Government Polytechnic for Women offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Government Polytechnic Nalgonda offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Government Polytechnic, Thirumalagiri offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Kbr Engineering College offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Khader Memorial College of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Kodada Institute of Technology and Science for Women offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Madhira Institute of Technology and Sciences offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Medha College of Engineering offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Mina Institute of Enginering Technology for Women offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Mona College of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Nalanda College of Pharmacy offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Pratishta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Ramanandatirtha Engineering College offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Rklk D – Pharmacy College offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Sana Engineering College offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Sana Polytechnic offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Sree Vaanmayi Institute of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Sri Sai Educatinal Society’s Group of Institutions offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Sri Venkateswara Engineering College offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Swami Ramananda Tirtha Institute of Science and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
T. D. R Polytechnic offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Tudi Ramreddy Institute of Technology and Sciences offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Vathsalya Institute of Science and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Vikas Pharmacy College offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
Vishnu Sree Institute of Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Nalgonda.
There are 10 diploma colleges in Nizamabad. You can select a institute below to view diploma college details.
Arkay College of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Nizamabad.
Goverment Polytechnic, Navipet offers follwoing diploma courses in Nizamabad.
Governament Polytechnic for Women offers follwoing diploma courses in Nizamabad.
Governament Polytechnic Kotgir offers follwoing diploma courses in Nizamabad.
Government Polytechnic Nandipet offers follwoing diploma courses in Nizamabad.
Government Polytechnic Nizamabad offers follwoing diploma courses in Nizamabad.
Kshatriya College of Engineering offers follwoing diploma courses in Nizamabad.
Sudheer Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (Women) offers follwoing diploma courses in Nizamabad.
Tirumala College of Pharmacy offers follwoing diploma courses in Nizamabad.
Vijay Rural Engineering College offers follwoing diploma courses in Nizamabad.
There are 55 diploma colleges in Rangareddi. You can select a institute below to view diploma college details.
A. P. Government Institute of Leather Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Abhinav Hi – Tech College of Engineering offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Annamacharya Institue of Technology and Sciences offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Anurag College of Engineering offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Anwar Ul Uloom College of Engineering and Techology offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Arjun College of Technology and Science offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Aurobindo Institute of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
AvanthiS Scientific Technological and Research Academy offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Bandari Srinivas Institute of Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Brilliant Grammar School Educational Society’s Group of Institutions offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Brilliant Institute of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Central Institute of Tool Design/ Msme Tool Room, Hyderabad offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Farah Engineering College offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Government Polytechnic for Women (Minorities) offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Government Polytechnic Medchal offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Government Polytechnic, Vikarabad offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Harshith Group of Institutions offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Holy Mary Institute of Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Holy Mary Institute of Technology and Science offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
J J College of Pharmaceytical Science offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Jagruti Institute of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Jawaharlal Nehru Government Polytechnic offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Jyothishmathi College of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Kasireddy Narayan Reddy College of Engineering and Research offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Megha Institute of Engineering and Technology for Women offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Military College of Electronics and Mechanical Engineering offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Nagole Institute of Technology and Science offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Narayana Engineering and Technical Campus offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Nishitha College of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
P R R Memorial Engineering College offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Princeton College of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Princeton Institute of Engineering and Technology for Women offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
S. P. R. College of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Samskruti College of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Government Polytechnic offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Siddhartha Institute of Technology and Sciences offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Slc’s Polytechnic College offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Sphoorthy Engineering College offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Sree Dattha Institute of Engineering and Science offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Sri Chaitanya Technical Campus offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Sri Indu Institute of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
St Mary S Integrated Campus Hyderabad offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
St. Mary’s Engineering College offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
St. Mary’s Group of Institutions Hyderabad offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
St. Peter’s Engineering College offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Swathi Institute of Technology and Sciences offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
T. R. R. College of Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Teegala Krishna Reddy Engineering College offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Tirumala Engineering College offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Tkr College of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Vijaya Krishna Institute of Technology and Sciences offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Visvesvaraya College of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Vivekananda Group of Institutions offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Vivekananda Institute of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
Vnr Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Rangareddi.
There are 21 diploma colleges in Warangal. You can select a institute below to view diploma college details.
Balaji Institute of Pharmacy offers follwoing diploma courses in Warangal.
Balaji Institute of Technology and Science offers follwoing diploma courses in Warangal.
Christu Jyothi Institute of Technology and Science offers follwoing diploma courses in Warangal.
Ganapathy Engineering College offers follwoing diploma courses in Warangal.
Government Girls Vocational Institute offers follwoing diploma courses in Warangal.
Government Polytechnic offers follwoing diploma courses in Warangal.
Government Polytechnic for Women offers follwoing diploma courses in Warangal.
Government Polytechnic Parkal offers follwoing diploma courses in Warangal.
Prasad Engineering College offers follwoing diploma courses in Warangal.
S V S Group of Institutions offers follwoing diploma courses in Warangal.
S V S Polytechnic offers follwoing diploma courses in Warangal.
Sujala Bharati Institute of Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Warangal.
Talla Padmavathi College of Engineering offers follwoing diploma courses in Warangal.
Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy offers follwoing diploma courses in Warangal.
Vaagdevi Engineering College offers follwoing diploma courses in Warangal.
Vemuganti Manohar Rao Polytechnic offers follwoing diploma courses in Warangal.
Vidya Bharathi Institute of Technology offers follwoing diploma courses in Warangal.
Vinuthna Institute of Technology and Science offers follwoing diploma courses in Warangal.
Warangal Institute of Technology and Science offers follwoing diploma courses in Warangal. | 2019-04-22T20:17:14Z | https://list.polytechniccolleges.in/telangana/ |
I am getting more and more interested in the semantic web, will the semantic web solve our problems of Information overload.
Bing.com have a new ad for their launch in the UK and I Like it, now does it make work harder for SEO specialists?
No The semantic web does not pose a threat to SEO specialists, as SEO specialist should not be working on flooding the internet with irrelevant information, but actually work on systemising data and adding the right data and the most useful date to the end user, the question is how long will it take till Google applies the semantic web? and starts producing airline results and more results in the UK, as right now it’s pretty limited what Google local business can do.
However at the moment of writing, Microsoft Local is not yet enabled in the UK, it’s based on old data.
It was getting messy, I don’t seem to twitter as often as I though, and it was getting more difficult to read the real posts.
Am currently waiting for Googles Real time Search Launch to see how it will affect the market, Google have currently taken the labs version down to tweak it, but this will be up shortly I would expect.
It’s not often I use anything but google, but I was trying out search results and came across this lovely blind testing tool for google yahoo and bing.
you type in a search tearm, then you click vote for the one where you think it’s the best results.
But when I found Yahoo Local Listings Iwas inclined not click on yahoo.
Try if to your self and let me know how you get on and which search engine you pic the most?
http://blindsearch.fejus.com let me know which Search Engine Results pages you thing is the best?
– All company names and characters mentioned in this short story are purely fictional and bear no resemblances to real persons or company names.
The van stopped on the rock hard sand, his velcro boots covered with dirt hit the hard surface. He opened the glove compartment and took out his rifle. He adjusted his eye protectors to hard sunlight, and closed the door to the van. He had been out for three days now and whilst tired but still alert after the three previous attacks, he connected on his palm and checked the location. He was supposed to have been here four hours ago, but the previous checkpoint had been so damaged he had spend four hours repairing it as well as he could. The wireless routers had long expired but a friend of his had found a way of renewing the routers and made them accessible to a shipload of people across the continent and quickly made a protected network where people with sensitive information could up-wire secrets and messages without using the Global net.
There were many reasons why people would be willing to pay enormous sums for keeping their conversations and up-wiring secret from the Micro Force. Since Global Software and Micro Hardware merged in the beginning of the century, the local governments were unable to control the GlobalNet and GSMH quickly gained access and controlled the information on all transmessaging in the world, they produced a government force controlling the data which was transferred via the GlobalNet.
He hadn’t always been patrolling the desert for errors in the wireless hardware routers, up till one year ago he had been a Head chef in one of San Francisco’s finer restaurants, but when the 17-year-old scientist had discovered hydrogen demoleculation and had made it possible to create Functional Food with the flavor they desired, and making the finest flavors and recipes available in every home in a simple modification of a microwave oven. The restaurants had quickly ceased to exist and he had bought a license to use the demoleculation protocol and had transferred his recipes into wireless ordering and made his food available to a whole range of people. He had within a year made more money than before and his company quickly became a buzzword in the new billionaires club, where all his previous customers went. He had become a household name in functional food and the success had brought him many enemies, the competition had changed and any false move would be tracked. His girlfriend had moved to Newland to pursue a career within the retirement industry.
Newland had back in those days not been very popular but since it had become a huge success he was planning to move there with her as soon as the business he had started ceased to give him any satisfaction. He kept expanding and now virtually served 54% of the population with his recipes. The many young millionaires and playboys had moved out of business life and to Newland, where there were no companies except in the service sector, a whole range of hotels had blossomed in the middle of a previously deserted volcanic island outside the Florida keys. His girlfriend had been offered a job as a manager of one of the major hotel chains, and had moved there before the real hype started, and she had quickly made a small fortune on managing hotels and acting as a consultant to new hotel owners and resort developers. She had become very successful and was busy in her work, so they didn’t meet very often, he had been out visiting her only a couple of times during the two years she had been working there, she had only had the chance to visit him once just after she had moved there.
One evening when they were on the image-connector telling each other how much they missed one another, it had become very hot and they had started making love on the image-connector, and he had decided to go out to visit her the following day. He had booked a flight but on turning up in the airport he had been stopped by the customs, he was told to enter a small office at the airport. Here he was told he was being arrested for speaking erotica on the communications with his girlfriend. His girlfriend had been questioned an hour earlier but was released because NewLand jurisdictions were more human and allowed this kind of communication. He was placed in jail and all his rights were withdrawn from the moment he had been stopped at the customs. His money had been withheld for further investigation.
Chapter 1. – The connections.
I spent three days in jail before appearing before a judge. The legal system had changed dramatically and most cases were no longer held in front of a human judge. My lawyer and I had been questioned by a judge system, offering little chance of pleading not guilty and getting off with a small fine. My lawyer informed me prior to the judging, that I probably could get away with a little more than a fine of 10% of his salary. During the judging we had been questioned about matters ten years ago and it became obvious than I couldn’t get away so easily. During my early days in San Francisco I had been arrested for possession of illegal substances, my friend had left a bag of coke in my car, and I was stopped for running a red light. I had also had a brush with the law in one of the restaurants I worked in where there had been illegal immigrants working for me, I hadn’t hired them and wasn’t sentenced for it back then. I had also once during my first year of opening my first restaurant, been unable to pay my taxes and had filed my income a little lesser than it really had been. This hadn’t previously been discovered but it was one of the first things the judge system had brought to my attention during the questioning. It became more and more obviously to me that this questioning had very little to do with the actual act of indecency I had been caught doing. I wondered who would have set me up, in this way. The last year had brought me many competitors as I had expanded my business into also selling pre-made functional dinners with a more generic brand, called Pret2eat. Maybe the emerging giant the previous MyBookstore.com who had diversified into the functional food market, after taking over the dying out Nile.com. The two other and more likely to be of any threat, and also know for being the fiercest competitors had used their power to bring me down. Globalfood.com and FunctionalFood.worldnet had both been very keen on buying me out, I had decided; due to my taste and ability to create delicious dishes out of hydrogen, amino-proteins vital-vitamins and carbon, too keep the business not letting go of one of my passions in life. My stock value more than tripled during the three month the acquisition negotiations went on. I had been on the brink of selling when my girlfriend had reminded me of how much I really loved the restaurant I had been a head chef in, and how much passion I had put into making it one of San Francisco’s finest.
My girlfriend’s father helped me getting one of the best lawyers; he had previously been in trouble with the law, after having a monopoly on the universal translator for almost ten years, and when one of the real net giants had forced him to leave his position he had also been dragged through his past. There were more than ten charges of fraud against him, all charges where dropped by the judge system, due to the lack of evidence. The charges and false evidence were produced by the net software giant in order to close his business. During the five months he had been in court and was unable to perform business his translator had been outdated and a new product was used as a replacement while the universal translator sunk into oblivion.
Her father had at that time a personal income of a little more than 4% of the GDP. He closed the business and was one of the first who moved to NewLand to retire at an early age. He was also my girlfriend’s connection when she moved into the Hotel industry in NewLand. She is a very proud girl and would never ask her father for money, she had been very proud when she had quit the job her father had provided for her and moved to an other hotel group and was starting on her own, trying to set up a business for herself.
After the questioning I had to spend two more days in jail, while the investigations were processed. I had the opportunity to move some money from my business and had them send to one of my friends as cash. My lawyer had informed me that the case could very well become more ugly than first expected. I had claimed to be set free on the first amendment of personal privacy and freedom of speech. Since the minority of my indecency act could be proved as a minority, the previous cases could easily become more ugly as the judge system processed the data.
After having passed two horrible days in jail I was sentenced to five years of outstation service until further notice my company had been closed, and the money was kept in custody, since the judge system claimed my fortune based primarily on the money I had cheated the tax system from seven years ago. I appealed but the processing time was enough to put me totally out of business. Within months pret2eat became just another name; one of those companies gone to the top and all the way back. The whole affair of my act made it impossible for me to get a job in the city and furthermore I had to spend at least two years in an outstation.
Outstations served as small cafe where transporters could stop in to sleep and use the bathrooms, and have an occasional dinner. The places stank of old urine and were never visited by anyone except transporters who had the noble job of transporting products from one place to another. The outstations were hellholes, the only reason they were serviced by humans, was because the jails were too crowded and unless you had actually killed someone or done physical crimes as they are called, you would end up doing service in an outstation. I felt bad from the moment I arrived. I had a small bed and no communication to the outside was allowed. My girlfriend couldn’t enter the country since she risked being charged by the indecency act if she came and visited me. I was now unable to get any job in the cities as well as it was impossible to leave the country. After a couple of weeks there I managed to become friends with the warden a lot of cash helped me here, I struck a deal with him. And he let me go, only to come back once every month on the routine checks. If I was caught in one of the cities, he would say I had escaped and thus making me a real criminal and risk facing real prison. I decided the risk was worth it, I wouldn’t survive in an outstation.
I left the outstation and by the help of a transporters I got back to San Francisco, I met up with some old friends from the restaurant and we decided that the business should be run in their names instead, and I would stay as far away as possible. One of my old waiters introduced me to an underground scene I had previously avoided. There I met Sal, she was a 5 feet tall blonde, a real girl judged by the looks of her, she was doing some kind of illegal transactions via a new network established in secrecy from the Globalnet. She had been a coder for IM for two years since she was 14 and she was fired due to slapping her boss when he tried to pull her. She had had a very unsafe childhood, but was more or less a child prodigy, she had an Msc in computer science by the age of twelve and had more brains than the light blonde hair gave an expression of. She had started a business with two friends from IM and had discovered an old wireless router network, left from the years of competition between KisKo and TeRa, before the global merger. Both companies had built many different networks and most of them had been unsuccessful due to the lack of interest since the bandwidth was very small at the time. Then when the invention of partitioned light became a way of sending broadband information through virtually any exciting hard-line networks all previous networks were abandoned. One of them was a huge amount of wireless routers combining all major cities within the states as well as some undersea in the Atlantic.
I tried the system to get in contact with my girlfriend since any attempt using the Globalnet would quickly recognize my voice and I would be caught. Sal helped me establish a connection using a palm and a piece of hardware produced by her tech friend. The connection was slow but I managed to talk to my girlfriend for at least three minutes before the connection was lost. Sal explained that many of the routers were damaged, and they didn’t have the capacity to fix all of them. Her tech friend showed me an old and damaged router, it was a small piece of hardware and they could connect between each other only if they where placed within three miles of each other. They could change route quickly and send data with other routers so sometimes a connection within five miles could be up to 15 miles before it reached its destination. Furthermore Sal had made the protocol from scratch thus enabling the routers to act as servers , transmitters and receivers in one. She changed the standard OSI of 7 layers so it contained 24, it made the connection slower approximately 25 Mbit pr. second but the privacy was unheard of and all sorts of material could be sent there without anyone listening in on your messages. The only problem was the maintenance of the old routers, placed almost randomly around the country and with many of them out of order. Furthermore they were difficult to locate even with virtual eye protectors they were not easily found, this made them even more secret and made the security even better for Sal and her friends.
Sal invited me to a party with some of the San Francisco underworld and I quickly accepted. I guess I saw Sal and her friends as a way of getting in contact with my girlfriend, and a way of getting even with GSMH for producin the Micro Force, which controlled the whole communication via Globalnet, who at the end of the day were the reason for my downfall. I went with Sal to the party in the hills, I recognized many of the people as former guests in my restaurant. I decided to leave so I wouldn’t be recognized. I went to the Sands and hid for a day or two. I got a haircut from a local barbershop and I bought some eye protectors. From here I could only go one way. ..
Hopefully I will get time to finish this novel ? Couldn’t it be exciting? Send me an email! – also for potential publishers.
What is he doing in the desert. What are the attacks he’s telling about? How and when will he see his girlfriend again ?
Who is Sal and how is the underworld ? Are there more technical innovations? What companies will be mentioned?
What is the future? Is there more?
Are we going somewhere ?
What is the meaning of life and how did we solve global warming ?
Read it all when the book is published in 1 year. | 2019-04-23T04:55:43Z | http://www.sovndahl.dk/rune/category/inspiration/ |
Lip smacking goodness for your pet!
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Our yummy source of Omega-6 and Omega 3 fatty acids and microbials. With Natural Source Vitamin E to boot.
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The daily use of fish oil helps support healthy skin. Healthy skin is not usually dry and itchy. It also helps to support the immune system, promote a bright and lustrous coat, and support your dog's good health. Within a couple of weeks of using fish oil, you will notice the difference-and so will your pet! The most visible manifestations include less itching and shedding, and your pet companion's fur will be soft and shiny. We also add natural source vitamin E for added nutrition.
Chicken fat, fish oil, vitamin E supplement (natural source of vitamin E), mixed tocopherols (used as a preservative), Aspergillus oryzae fermentation product dehydrated, Aspergillus niger fermentation product dehydrated, Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product dehydrated, Lactobacillus case fermentation product dehydrated, Bifidobacterium thermophilum fermentation product dehydrated, Enterococcus faecium fermentation product dehydrated.
*Note: if your dog or cat is severely allergic to any of these ingredients please consult your veterinarian before use.
Tilly, our yellow lab loves it. .
Our dog knows when we don't put it on. She sniffs her bowl and then looks at us when we don't put it on.
As I'm mixing food, Dinovite, and Likochops my dog is drooling by the time I set bowl down.
My large dogs, a female mastiff and a male great pyrenees LOVE lick-o-chops. They want more food with lick-o-chops !
I can't say enough good things about the product. I have had my GSD Jacob on the product since he was 1 yr old and he is now a healthy almost 9. I recently brought a foster GSD into my home and the first thing I put him on was Dinovite especially Lickochops. He is doing wonderful and his fur is like silk. They both love the taste! You will love the results - give it a try, your dog will love you for it.
I have noticed a great improvement in my dog since giving him the Dinovite and Lickochops.
I saw this and was hoping it would help our cat with his dry skin. It may have worked...if he would eat it. He does not like the taste and the bottle is waaay to messy. Unfortunately I bought several bottles on a sale.
After spending literally thousands of dollars to the vet for shots, special foods and meds on our Teddy Roosevelt Terrier, Dinovite and Lickohops together have solved most of our dog's skin problems. Not only has his skin and coat returned to normal, his energy is also back. No more scratching until raw and shedding.
At a fraction of the vet bill, great, natural product.
What seems to be a great addition to my (2) dog's daily regiment is not as impressive as the Supra Omega Fish Oil. Even my cat is not much interested in this product. Great Idea, I guess - How do we get them to be more interested in it?
I have two dogs and they absolutely LOVE having their food drizzled with Lickochops! Without it, they aren't as enthused about their kibble. Thanks for making such a great product. They don't know how good it is for them. Haha!
My husband prepared Puppy’s food bowl but didn’t add the Lick o Chops. Puppy sat at his bowl looking at me and then at his bowl. He was waiting for his dinner to be completed.
This is great. I used to save bacon grease to pour over his food but he loves this just as much. His coat is a shiny as can be.
My miniature schnauzers had flaky skin. I added Dinovite and Lickochops per a friend’s recommendation. Only one still has flaky skin and I use a medicated shampoo for that.
our dog Mia loves this product!
Has it every morning with her breakfast food.
I've used this with both of our dogs for about 4 months. Besides their enoying the taste, I've noticed positive difference in the sheen and texture of their coats. I originally bought it to help their food taste better, and they go nuts when they see the bottle, but the health benefits make this a worthwhile purchase.
We use Lick O Chops in conjunction with Dinovite. Our Daiseys skin issues are completely gone and her coat is glossy and her skin healthy.
Last winter our elderly dog Berniece went through a stretch of extremely dry skin, and lost most of the fur off half of her back, and her beautiful plumed tail got very scraggly. Her skin became very oily and stinky, even though she is groomed monthly.
LickOChops to the rescue! We we're amazed at how her skin became healthy, and her fur grew back as plentiful as in the past. Her tail fur grew back in and gave her the same plume as a young puppy. I was putting it on her food twice a day for a few months. Then I noticed she was getting a bit chubby, so I cut back to her morning meal only. She still looks terrific! And she loves the flavor. Thank you Dinovite for developing great products for our beautiful Berniece, going strong at 15!
LICKOCHOPS is a great supplement. Our dogs' coats are softer and shinier. I had a friend comment just yesterday that our shorthair Dachshund's coat is much softer than her Dachshund's coat. We've been using LICKOCHOPS for many years, and will continue to use it for as long as we have dogs.
My pups couldn’t get enough of it. They always knew what was going in their bowl when I started to shake the bottle.
Lick-o-Chops is great to keep the Dinovite to clinging to his food. Each nugget of food gets evenly coated. It’s just like gravy and my dog loves it. His hair is soft and silky and he stays at the same weight at each vet visit. Even the vet notices his change.
I have tried the LickoChomps. The dogs like the taste, but truthfully, I can't see any difference. It is very expensive for the results. So is the Dynovite. I thought I would try again, but waiting until there is a sale.
Dogs like the taste of it.
I used it to add flavor to their food mixed with dynovite. They enjoy it.
I have three Shelties. They have been on Dinovite and Lick-O-Chops their entire life. Our dogs have smooth & silky coats that has people asking how often we brush them. (At best once every two weeks) Wouldn't be without it!
Love Dinovite. I use it everyday. I believe that it helps my dog's skin.
I had a sickly puppy who was not thriving on regular puppy food. Her weight would go up and down, often had diarrhea and she had bald patches. After just one week of Himemade dog food with Lickichops she has gained steady weight, eyes are bright and her fur started to grow back. Wonderful products!
I'm so happy with this product; since I've started adding to my pet's food, their skin and fur is even healthier!
My dogs (7) love this. Highly recommend this.
My 4 little dogs love this. Even the picky one!! I have a senior dog that is struggling a bit these days, and this product really helps her appetite!
Dinovite has been AMAZING for my bullie, who sadly has multiple skin issues. All I can say is, I’m still doing the yeast starvation diet and it has been a LIFE CHANGER! I’m so grateful for dinovite and their products, for the continued health of my baby!
I purchased Lick-O-chops for my cats to help with shedding. It really has decreased the shedding and they eat it. Win-Win!
Our dogs get excited when they see the bottle come out.
My puppy, 12 week old German Shorthair Pointer, loves her Lickochops! We started her on the Dinovite when we first got her at 8 weeks old (in her homemade dog food), and it definitely has a smell and taste that isn't very appealing. The Lickochops covers that up and she licks her bowl clean. She waits for me to put it on too.... pretty amazing for a puppy to wait before digging into their food. I just ordered 3 more bottles today, I don't ever want to run out!
My only complaint is the bottle, the Lickochops leaks from underneath the cap so we have to clean up the bottle quite often.
We use LickOChops twice a day when we feed our dogs and the dogs love it. Just a quarter size squirt into each dish and done. Super simple to use.
My pup LOVES this stuff!! And it has helped his coat tremendously! Highly recommend!
My dogs love being fed and absolutely without pause clean their bowls every night. I add Lickochops and super omege fish oil to their Dinovite every night. They absolutely love it.
Our dogs love Lick O Chops. The only downside is that it is messy and gets all over my hands and the bottle. I wish they could change it to be less of a mess!
We have four girls, two of which eat everything no problem, and two who are a little less interested. Lick o chops gets them interested so we don't have to stand around and supervise the uneaten food. They like it better than the fish oil.
My little Shiba loves it. It's like ranch dressing for kids. Put it on anything and she'll eat it up. I broke the cap on a bottle also - total bummer because of the mess. I'm probably giving too much just to be finished with it.
I notice the difference if I just give them Dinovite they might leave a bit in the dish but if lickochops is mixed in they will lick the bowl completely clean.
Just as advertised my 3 took right to the lickochops. In fact, I can just abt get them to finish any of their dinners by putting enough LoC in food. It’s the new “catsup” for dogs.
Been using it for a few years and it has worked great and have introduced it to several others and they love it also. I recommend this to everyone with a dog the has bald spots and scratches spots raw!
I couldn't be happier with this product. My dog was/is such a fussy eater but she licks the bowl cleaner when I add LickoChops to the homemade meatloaf muffins I make for her.
My dog loves it and this with the Dinovite has stopped all is scratching and licking problems.
Good for dogs that are not interest in just dry dog food.
I used this as part of the “yeast starvation “ diet for my dog who had such a bad condition her hair had fallen out. She is now so much better with even thicker more beautiful hair than she had before she became ill.
My dog wouldn't touch it and gave up after a half dozen attempts.
One cat likes these, the other couldn't care less, and ignores them.
The product does not dispense well. Multiple bottles now have leaked as well. My dog likes it but it's hard to tell if it was doing him any good. In the end, it is poor packaging for the consistency of the product.
Our dogs won't eat this.
my dogs did not like it.
I have four cavalier king charles dogs, and I added this to their food, which I make. I tried several times, and they would not eat their food. Costly mistake on my part.
My dogs seem to enjoy this.
I have four cavalier king charles dogs, and I add this to their food, which I make. They seem to like this product, so I am glad to have found this for them.
This product has given my fur babies, shiny shed free coats and I couldn’t be more pleased with the product, company and results!!! I am recommending this to all my friends and family.
My black lab loves this product. Does not want to eat his food without it! Helps with itching too.
My dogs ate food they had recently turned their noses up to.
at dinner time as a treat... the health benefits are bonus!
Very high quality. Dogs all love it doing much better.
My dogs love lick o chops!
Added Lick O Chops to Dinovite to boost results--dog still scratches, but has made coat softer and he smells better.
Max, a two year old rescue with issues wasn't eating, apparently was very abused by his prior owner. The addition of lickochops has him tearing it up. He has put on 10 pounds and is more playful and energetic. More importantly he is responding better to training efforts.
My 2 little dogs, Coton de Tulears, ate DinOvite just fine without the chicken grease but hey, some days are extra special! It is convenient, grease from a bottle. Right now the two dogs are getting tired of the same old, same old just like us. So a different flavor of dogfood is now introduced.
A few drops or a short drizzle of LickOchops makes it extra special.
We refer to it as "Doggie Crack"
Before using Lick O Chops our dog would not eat her food when Dinovite was added. We started adding the Lick O Chops and she stands and waits for you to put her bowl down.
The only issue we have with it is at times lately it is extremely difficult to get out of the bottle. It also seems to separate. This has happened to us with several bottles lately.
The dogs love this stuff. I put it on their food and , bang, it's gone!!
Both of my dogs really love it!
Since starting this product, Tuffy is eager to eat every day. He's playful like he was as a young dog. The change in him is remarkable.
The ads on the radio claimed that Dinovite and the other products that “go with it” start working within about a week. We have a Jack Russell who had scabs and bald spots all over his body. Within a week, he was not scratching anymore and his hair started filling in! He now has white tufts of hair where the bald spots used to be! Dinovite products will continue to be a part of our dogs’ routine.
My elderly dog had a very dry and wiry coat. After a few weeks on Lick-o-chops, her coat became quite soft and she hardly scratches anymore. We are happy with the results. My vet even approves of the product.
Our dogs love the lickochops each morning and Dinovite for evening meal. We have 2 Wheatons, one had smelly breath and ears and he does not have them anymore.
We put all 3 of our dogs on homemade dog food with Dinovite & Lick O Chops. We used the raw dog food recipe on your site & altered it a bit, we were not comfortable feeding raw. I will post the recipe later. We have seen major improvements in all 3 dogs. Our fat dog is losing weight, even though we still feed her the same amount of food, we had tried so many commercial foods to get her weight under control & nothing was working. They all have improved skin, coat & energy. My white poodle's eye stains have all but gone away & his muzzle is not constantly stained by food dyes. We couldn't have done it without you. Thank you Dinovite.
I have a lab mix and a teacup yorkie they both love it!! My yorkie has bad skin and i have been using this since christmas and i can tell a differance in his bald spots.. his hair is growing back and staying. My lab mix used to shed like crazy and i would sweep up mounds of hair every week and now it is so minimal. I know labs and yorkies will always shed but this definitely makes a difference!
Helped with dry hair, but did nothing for itching.
Paddington loves the Lick-O-Chops, it’s between him finishing his food with Donovite in it, he Loves it!!!
Added this to my elder dog's food, along with the Dinovite, her hair that she's been loosing started growing back and she is doing so much better.
Poor bottle (squeeze). Product leaked. No indication of serving size. Seems to mask distasteful Dinovite. Expensive.
Even though our 2 Shih Tzus didn't respond to the vet's treatments for itching or numerous diet changes, we decided to try this. We use it in the recipe for homemade dog food on the DinOViite site. Hallelujah! We saw some improvement with the first couple of batches of food but continued feeding because the finicky beasts at least ate the food without a fuss. Recently (after about the 4th batch) we realized that both dogs have virtually stopped that incessant scratching. Thank you!
My German Shepard Love this Stuff!!!
Since I have been feeding this supplement to my Maltese, her itching has gotten a lot better.
My dog loves it. The pump worked just okay.
I tried Lick-o- Chops on a whim, not knowing if it was good or not, but to my surprise, my dog loves it on her dry dog food. If I don't put it on her breakfast, she just stands there and looks at me without eating until I do. Then and only then, does she start eating.
It helped my dog eat his dinovite. It did what it said it was supposed to.
My cat likes it and it helps to get the leftover food with dinovite eaten .
Been giving Lickochops to my dog for years thinking she needed the Omega-3 fatty acids. But she has had chronic diarrhea and I never knew what was causing it. I was gone for a week and my wife stopped giving Lickochops to my dog. Her chronic diarrhea stopped and has come back.
I can not say enough good things about Dinovite. It has kept my dog going even with her But the Lickochops were not good for my girl.
lickochops keeps my dog's coat shiny. he doesn't itch like he used to, and he loves the taste.
My dog loves the taste, and it keeps his coat healthy and shiny.
The liquid is different bottle to bottle.
I wish it came in a bottle I can see inside to monitor the amount on hand. | 2019-04-22T20:05:07Z | https://www.dinovite.com/lickochops-omega-3-6-e/ |
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Apartment Shoppers Guide is the most trusted rental resource for Shreveport apartments that connects apartment consumers to their ideal place to live in the Shreveport and Bossier City, LA area. Our detailed and carefully researched apartment rental data has unmatched search capabilities, providing important move-in requirement information and printable forms, in addition, apartment availability search system. Apartment Shoppers Guide and aptshopper.com provides the apartment shopper and individuals relocating to the area, simple and accurate apartment rental listings and search simplicity in minutes. Exclusive apartment listings easy to find the right apartment home for your individual needs. Leading the industry for assisting anyone for finding the best apartments in the Shreveport, Bossier City and West Monroe, LA area. Connect instantly with apartment managers wherever you are by viewing our mobile site. We offer the best apartment finding listings for multi-family housing in the area, why search anywhere else? Once you compare our apartment listings with incomplete listings found on line, you will find we are the top and truly the best source to find your home. Apartment Shoppers Guide and aptshoppers.com affiliate sites such as; shreveportapartments.net and bossierapartments.net, makes it easy for you to search for apartments fast, free and the only source with the finest detailed listings, printable floor plans, rental applications, apartment availability, property descriptions, videos, virtual tours, photo galleries, map finders, all in an icon hot linked easy to use chart form - all on line.
Kile' Publishing, Inc. founded by Deborah Kiley on September 5th, 1985 soon publishing The Shreveport Bossier Apartment Shoppers Guide quarterly. Upon the inception in 1985, Kile' Publishing, Inc. has specialized in publishing apartment rental guides for the Shreveport and Bossier City, Louisiana areas and soon expanded to Texas in the Dallas-Forth Worth metropolitan area.
By 1986 Kile Publishing, Inc. published three major publications; The Dallas-Fort Worth Apartment Rental Digest, The Dallas Housing Renters Guide and The Shreveport Bossier Apartment Shoppers Guide.
WE PUT THE PIECES TOGETHER- Connecting the apartment shopper with apartment communities!
The Shreveport - Bossier Apartment Shoppers Guide & www.aptshopper.com working together assisting apartment shoppers in finding the finest apartment rentals in Shreveport, Bossier City, and West Monroe, Louisiana.
In mid 1991 The Dallas-Fort Worth Apartment Digest sells and Kile' expands to publishing commercial real esate publications.
In 1992 Kile’ Publishing, Inc. expanded to the commercial real estate industry publishing several National publications such as; The Dallas Commercial Real Estate Magazine, The Fort-Worth Commercial Real Estate Magazine, The Houston Commercial Real Estate Magazine, The Chicago Commercial Real Estate Magazine, The Atlanta Commercial Real Estate Magazine, The Austin Real Estate Magazine, The Orange County Commercial Real Estate Magazine and The Builders Owners Managers Association's (BOMA) National TOBY Awards Magazine. Both The Dallas Housing Authority Renters Guide and The Shreveport Bossier Apartment Shoppers Guide continued its publications.
In 2005 Commercial Magazines sell. With the large number of commercial magazines selling in 2005, Kile' Publishing, Inc., remained specializing in publishing the multi-residential (apartment guides) publications and on-line services; such as; The Shreveport Bossier Apartment Shoppers Guide, The Dallas Housing Authority Guides, www.aptshopper.com. In late 2005 Kile' Publishing, Inc. began offering Media Tours; which includes Video Tours, Virtual Tours, Apartment Community audio/voice Presentations, Gallery of Professional interior/exterior Photography of the communities, Printable Floor Plans via the Internet, Amenity Listings and Directions to the community with a professional map, voice over and Map Quest access for the apartment shoppers.
www.aptshopper.com. December 8th, 1997 The Shreveport Bossier Apartment Shoppers Guide launched a new Web Site: www.aptshopper.com. This Web Site is an extension of the service already provided in each of its apartment rental publications; such as The Shreveport Bossier Apartment Shoppers Guide and Dallas Affordable Housing Guide.
Kile' Publishing, Inc. remains specializing in multi-residential rental publications (Apartment Rental Guides) and continues to provide the already successful, free on-line apartment rental service www.aptshopper.com aiding the apartment shopper in finding apartment and rental homes.
In 2002 a new on-line service was created. This www.rfpForms.com site provides an on-line free service to assist the commercial real estate and property management industry. This on-line service is referred to as a Request-for-Proposal program. This sophisticated system offers the commercial industry job proposal assistance by comparing industry bids on apples to apples concept in order to improve the efficiency and results for the commercial property management industry. Ultimately offering an excellent job bidding tool that has proven highly successful for all that is involved in the commercial real estate industry nationwide.
Property managers, along with contractors, sub contractors and construction companies utilizes www.rfpForms.com to bid new construction, remodel projects, repair projects, maintenance jobs, products and services needed for the commercial industry (i.e. landscaping, flooring, roofing, electrical, plumbing, numerous categories) on a universal proposal/bidding comparison for all parties involved (apples to apples).
www.rfpForms.com’s mission is to provide a nationally connected network for the commercial real estate industry with a no-cost, easy-to-use solution for performing the Request-for-Proposal process. This on-line service (www.rfpForms.com) enables property managers to save time, money and provide the avenue for receiving vendor proposals based on identical job comparisons and true to each unique job/project specification required, ultimately, avoiding misunderstandings, insuring accurate bidding, and spelled out job/project requirements and expectations. Each job category is completely spelled out and bided accordingly with a time line identified. www.rfpForms.com sold in 2006.
MEDIA TOURS/VIRTUAL TOURS/VIDEO TOURS featured on www.aptshopper.com.
In 2005 The Shreveport Bossier Apartment Shoppers Guide offers Apartment Renal Community Media Tours for apartment rental communities featured on www.aptshopper.com. These Apartment Rental Media Tours assist the apartment shopper in viewing individual apartment rental communities with several Virtual Tours, Video Tours, still photos, list of amenities, map, and directions to the community, floor plan images, and professional voice overs. If you are looking to have a professional video of your apartment community, contact us today!
The Virtual Tours featured are of the interior models, interior clubhouses, exterior features such as; pools, fountains, hot tubs, sport courts, court yards and much more.
In 2005 Printable Floor Plans are an additional feature on www.aptshopper.com. With this new feature the apartment shopper can view each apartment community’s individual apartment floor plans. These printable floor plans are actual renderings that can be viewed by the apartment shopper by just clicking on the VIEW (floor plan) button on an apartment community's individual Internet ad featured on www.aptshopper.com.
In 2006 www.aptshopper.com now features "New Happenings". This listing gives apartment communities soon to break ground, apartment communities management changes, apartment communities renovations and new happenings, and the latest changes in the apartment market place.
Late 2006, www.aptshopper.com joins affilate programs with various apartment industry establishments; such as; roommate services, rental/auto insurance, and many other services.
Printable Rental Applications January 2007 www.aptshopper.com offers the apartment shopper and property management companies a valuable leasing feature. Now a rental application can be printed (downloaded) straight from www.aptshopper.com. This feature will aid in expediting the apartment move for the apartment rental leasing offices and the apartment tenant prospect.
2007 Apartment Job Listings Mid March 2007 www.aptshopper.com offers apartment job listings availablity related to the apartment industry; real estate property management industry. Currently job listings are based on management companies request to list employment opportunities, so if you would like this feature back up on our site, contact us and we will activate.
May 2007, www.aptshopper.com offers the advertisers an extranet site to manage their Internet ad upgrade features such as; box ads, pdf document uploads and apartment job listings. Listings were successful in bringing applicants to the apartment management companies. These listings are only featured periodically.
July 2008 Ruston, LA student housing now listed at www.aptshopper.com.
2010 Waco Texas Apartment Shoppers Guide premier issue was released.
2012 Kiosk division is created. Apartment community now can feature a kiosk in their leasing office featuring videos, floor plans and photo galleries of their apartment community.
Both The Shreveport - Bossier Apartment Shoppers Guide and www.aptshopper.com offers the most comprehensive published Apartment Rental Guide and on-line resource for finding apartment rentals in Shreveport and Bossier City, Louisiana area. You will find comprehensive apartment rental listings of the most reputable apartment rental communities in the Shreveport and Bossier City, Louisiana area. View professional photography of each apartment rental community exhibiting fabulous interior and exterior views of your new apartment rental home. Several apartment rental floor plans are available to choose offering the right move for your family. Your best bet to find apartment rentals in Shreveport, LA.
Shop for your new apartment rental today. Compare apartment rental rates, apartment availability, apartment rental floor plans, and apartment rental interior amenities. The most up-to-date apartment listing information available in Shreveport and Bossier City, Louisiana. Professional photography of interior apartment rental models, exterior apartment rental community photos show tennis courts, pools, and gorgeous exterior apartment community grounds, directions to the leasing offices, discounts, starting rates, and much more. View the Apartments-at-a Glance; a comprehensive listing of the most reputable apartment rental communities in Shreveport, Bossier City, Ruston and West Monroe, Louisiana. These are few reasons why www.aptshopper.com is the best place to find apartment rentals in Shreveport.
www.aptshopper.com is 100% free for the apartment shopper. It is simple to view Shreveport and Bossier City, LA apartment rentals. Just click on an apartment name or use our search feature and find listings for apartments for rent. To see Shreveport apartments for rent, start searching www.aptshopper.com's Shreveport apartment rentals today!
Still looking for apartments for rent? If you're looking to rent your Shreveport apartment, house, townhouse, duplex or condo, click on Request a Brochure. It is simple to shop apartment rentals on aptshopper.com. Search apartments by selecting the city. Select the apartment name and click. You are on your way to finding a new apartment home. Let us do the work for you. You will find the most reputable apartment community rentals in the Shreveport and Bossier City, LA area. Find apartment rentals in Shreveport and Bossier City now!
www.aptshopper.com has the most comprehensive apartment rental listings available since 1985. Use aptshopper.com to find apartment rentals, or pick up the most current Shreveport-Bossier Apartment Shoppers Guide today!
Did you know we feature our quarterly apartment guide on www.aptshopper.com? Visit the home page and view the Current Apartment Guide. Fabulous professional photography and the most up-to-date apartment rental listings in Shreveport and Bossier City, and Ruston, LA.
In 2006 The Shreveport Bossier Apartment Shoppers Guide launched the first on-line version of the printed published Apartment Shoppers Guide Magazine. Each page is now published on-line and up-dated quarterly. Official release/launch date was January 1, 2006. Now the apartment shopper can pick up The Apartment Guide from local merchants, in addition to viewing the complete printed publication on-line . Each page of The Apartment Guide is featured with the availability to enlarge the page image. This is a great way to see additional apartment rental information that is updated quarterly in print. If you are too busy to pick up The Apartment Shoppers Guide from a local merchant, well NOW just with one click - view The Apartment Shoppers Guide - Click on: Current Apartment Guide. The Shreveport Bossier Apartment Shoppers Guide site up-dates daily and offers additional, unpublished listings, comprehensive apartment rental listings, large number of professional interior & exterior photos of the communities, truck rental and furniture rental companies.
Shop for furniture rental, furniture sales, mini warehouse availability, or view the special section (help link on www.aptshopper.com) for newcomers to find school districts, information on local utility companies, cable TV hook up information, and much more.
You will find a recommended, handy move-in check list that will be helpful for your next move.
Whether you are relocating or just moving in the area, www.aptshopper.com will help with your next move. Visit the home page, click on the link; Apartment Find or visit the Apartments-at-a-Glance and select one or several apartment communities and compare pricing, floor plans, square footage, interior amenities, exterior sports features, locations, management companies, school districts, and much more with just a click of your finger. There are 101 reasons why aptshopper.com is the best place to find apartment rentals in Shreveport. Start shopping for your new apartment rental and find out why we offer the most comprehensive apartment rental listings and detailed apartment rental living information for apartments in Shreveport, Bossier City, Ruston and West Monroe, Louisiana.
FREE search for Shreveport apartments and rental homes.
Looking for apartments in Shreveport? www.aptshopper.com has apartments for rent! To see all of our Shreveport apartment rentals and Shreveport homes for rent, start searching aptshopper.com today. It's free! Now Ruston LA TECH student housing listings. Brand new Ruston, Louisiana apartments with roommate matching program. Top West Monroe, LA brand new apartments - Ashford Place Apartments in W. Monroe, Louisiana.
For virtual tours, printable floorplans, printable rental applications and specials see www.aptshopper.com is your best bet for Shreveport apartment rentals!
For advertising in The Shreveport Bossier Apartment Shoppers Guide and www.aptshopper.com please contact; 800-506-0095 (messages only), or 972-800-9831. Mailing address: Kile' Publishing, Inc., P. O. Box 6062, McKinney, TX 75071.
Would you like to list an apartment rental for the Shreveport or Bossier City area?
If you are a real estate owner and would like to list your apartment community contact us. We do all the work and will list your apartment community rentals within 24-hours. Photos are subject to production time needed. Why list anywhere else, when you can list your apartment community rentals free at www.aptshopper.com. Contact us for details to list your apartment rentals.
Please call 800-506-0095 message center (questions and advertising reservations), [email protected].
Please call 972-800-9831. Mailing address: Kile' Publishing, Inc., P. O. Box 6062, McKinney, TX 75071.
Please DO NOT call 800-506-0095 for apartment finding. 800-506-0095 cannot answer calls for apartment finding. Please use www.aptshopper.com to assist you in finding your next apartment home, or pick up the latest issue of The Shreveport Bossier Apartment Shoppers Guide. If you still need help contact at our customer service link. Thank you for visiting www.aptshopper.com.
WHERE CAN I PICK UP THE APARTMENT SHOPPERS GUIDE?
The Shreveport Bossier Apartment Shoppers Guide can be found almost anywhere you look. We distribute our magazines to local grocery stores, convenient gas & food stores, major employers, motels & hotels, universities & colleges, and many other convenient locations in the Shreveport-Bossier area.
Kroger, Albertsons, Brookshires, Country Market, Circle K Food Stores, Texaco Food/Gas Stores, EXXON Food/Gas Stores, Shell Food/Gas Stores, Drug stores, Hotels/motels, Apartment communities, Major employers, Human resources departments, Barksdale Air Force Base, Schools, Universities, Colleges, Hospitals, Chamber of Commerce, Tourist Bureaus, Restaurants, Real estate companies, Many other locations.
I would like Apartment Guides delivered to us.
For Apartment Guides to be delivered to major employers, human resource, employment offices, universities and colleges, trade schools, apartment communities, property management companies, relocation offices, real estate companies, military bases, hotels, apartments, retail or merchant stores, etc. Please contact us at: 972-800-9831. Thank you.
How we work: www.aptshopper.com uses advance technology to enhance your apartment hunting experience and provide better opportunities to finding the right home. High speed pop up windows, up-to-date apartment listing information, listing of some of the finest apartment communities, owned and managed by some of the most reputable companies. Fast, easy apartment finding. Making apartment locating an easy task.
Apartment Shoppers Guide. What we do? Free search for Shreveport apartments and homes for rent at www.aptshopper.com.
You have several search options to find the latest available homes for rent, apartments, condos for rent, and townhouses in Shreveport. Shop www.aptshopper.com for all your apartment rental needs.
Affordable APARTMENTS FOR RENT IN SHREVEPORT, LA. LOOKING FOR A Luxury APARTMENT TO lease? Largest selection of luxury, affordable apartments, apartment condos for rent and lease to purchase in Shreveport and Bossier City, LA.
With specializing in the multi-residential apartment rental publications, Kile’ Publishing, Inc. carefully pays attention to each of its publications by careful organizational systems control, distribution monitoring and specifically targeted to newcomers and apartment shoppers locally and apartment rental shoppers relocating to the area. It is the goal of Kile' Publishing, Inc. to provide the utmost is service and quality for each customer and the apartment shopper. Several apartment rental comprehensive listings are provided in the Guides and on-line, such as; alphabetical apartment rental listings, geographic apartment rental listings, comprehensive apartment rental listings, and Apartments-at-a-Glance listings. All information is updated daily, weekly for www.aptshopper.com. Each Apartment Guide is published quarterly; every three months. The release dates are; January, April, July and October of each year. All professional photography is updated continually offering the most updated and current photos and detail information available in the area. For help in apartment rental locating visit www.aptshopper.com.
Kile' Publishing, Inc. works diligently to bring results by increasing traffic for the apartment rental communities and aiding the apartment shopper in their search. Together with high circulation and targeted distribution that is monitored throughout the quarter, Kile’ Publishing, Inc. provides the utmost in quality and design for each of its apartment rental publications. Quality, caring, and results are of extreme importance. These apartment rental publications are now known as the number one source in the area to assist in relocation and finding apartments and rental homes for the apartment shoppers.
Kile’ Publishing, Inc. is now celebrating 26 years of successfully publishing Apartment Guides in Louisiana and Texas.
Louisiana Memberships: Kile' Publishing, Inc. has been an active member of The Shreveport Bossier Apartment Association for 25 years, in addition a member of The Greater Shreveport Chamber of Commerce and the Bossier Chamber of Commerce.
Texas Memberships: The Dallas Apartment Association, The Central Dallas Association, the Dallas Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA), Fort Worth BOMA, Suburban Chicago BOMA, Atlanta BOMA, Greater Los Angeles BOMA, Orange County BOMA.
National Memberships: National Apartment Assoication, BOMA International.
In 2005 Kile’ Publishing, Inc. was awarded the 2005 Small Business of the Year Award and the Publisher, Deborah Kiley in 2005 was nominated for the 2005 Small Business Person of the Year Award.
Copyright © 1985-2015 The Shreveport Bossier Apartment Shoppers Guide.
Copyright © 1985-2015 Kile' Publishing, Inc. Since September 5, 1985.
www.aptshopper.com offiical Web Site for the Apartment Shoppers Guide.
Shreveport Bossier Apartment Shoppers Guide- published quarterly by Kile' Publishing, Inc.
If you are looking to have a professional video of your apartment community, contact us today; [email protected] .
Copyright © 1985-2015 The Shreveport Bossier city Apartment Shoppers Guide.
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If you are a real estate owner/manager in the Shreveport or Bossier City area and would like to list your apartment community please contact us today. We do all the work and will list your apartment community rentals within 24-hours. Photos are subject to production time needed.
Why list anywhere else, when you can list your apartment community rentals free at www.aptshopper.com.
Kile' Publishing, Inc. has supported many fund raisers and organizations including Toys for Tots (in Louisiana and Texas), The Dare to Dream Foundation, Missing Children, SPCA, Brian’s House, Adopt a Block, The Children’s Advocacy Center, Vogel Alcove, Good Shepherd, Healing Hearts, Jonathon’s Place, EPA, The American Heart Association, Big Brothers and Big Sisters and New Beginnings. | 2019-04-19T03:14:52Z | https://aptshopper.com/About-Us |
i temrinated a PCP agreement on 21st May 2018. This was acknowledged and I received a response from Barclays on 1st June 2018 advising that I owed £0, but they had sent a pre written termination agreement on the overleaf which basically manipulated my legal rights as a consumer. Therefore, I obviously didn’t sign it.
My temrination letter advised that I was ending the agreement and it gave them the address and 14 days to collect the car.
Without getting too personal, I had some pregnancy issues and remained in hospital for quite a significant amount of time, to which my son was born and he then stayed in hospital due to ill health, therefore it wasn’t really a priority of mine.
Therefore, this has literally been the last thing on my mind. However, I received a letter the other day from DWF solicitors who advised that I had failed to rectify a breach (tax and insurance) on the vehicle and that Barclays had ended the agreement on 11th December 2018 and that they were advising signed the paper work to have the car repossessed.
Ive responded, advising that I have fulfilled my legal obligations (they outlined these themselves their response letter that I was obliged to pay 50% of the total amount payable) and that I was unhappy with the marker on my credit file, further advising them that this was a breach of principle D of the GDPR regulations, as the information was inaccurate. I’ve advised that they come and collect the car still and I’m holding my stance with them, but I just wondered if I was in my rights to do this?
I have made quite clear on numerous occasions to yourselves that the vehicle is available for collection. I have provided you with all the details you need to be able to do this.
I am finding it difficult to understand the relevance of your question. I have given you an opportunity to offer a settlement in my previous correspondence, due to the evidenced concern that your client has committed a repudiatory breach and again you appear to have disregarded the situation and the seriousness of this has been seemingly been ignored. There are also two separate breaches of GDPR which I have raised with yourselves, however I fail to remember a satisfactory response.
I am unable to emotionally continue in this dispute with yourselves and my next step will be to issue legal proceedings without any further formal warning, I feel there has been enough opportunity to settle this outside the legal arena, however for reasons unknown to me, your client has failed to act on these opportunities.
i sent end this email 26/03 and I’ve still not have any response yet, Rob!
i have just ignored it ‘calling their bluff’.
So did you respond to the initial request for confirmation or have you ignored them?
I refer to my email below.
Could you please let me have your response.
I havent responded to them, shall I just wait until they’ve sent something a little more substantial or does it make me look bad ignoring them?
Thanks Rob, I will put something together in the morning and post my response.
The only way to settle that now is through a third party as I’ve filed for a non molestation order which will be heard next week. We’re shifting over to different law now however it’s not even deemed safe for me to contact them anymore.
You can probably imagine the state of the situation I’m in and what it’s costing, the very last thing I want to be doing is settling this as well so I will literally let it go down to the wire if. There’s nothing stopping them collecting the car still, the person who has it has also said ‘the only people collecting it are Barclays’ to them and myself.
We seem to be out the 14 day time scale for the second time now!
You could make an attempt to skirt around the question given the current situation and respond by saying something along the lines of, you fail to see the relevance of the question you are asking. As per your previous correspondence, the issue is that their client has committed a repudiatory breach and, despite inviting them to make an offer of settlement, they appear to have disregarded the position.
You could make a further request and if not substantive response is forthcoming then your next step will be to consider the commencement of legal proceedings against their client for repudiatory breach without further notice to them.
Of course you need to be careful how you approach it because you will need to decide how far you want to take this. You've reserved your position on commencing legal proceedings, so if you don't follow through with it then they may not take you that seriously. Alternatively you could simply keep avoiding further correspondence and call their bluff as to whether they will issue proceedings against you and take it from there.
Ultimately, you still need to resolve the car issue if you can.
I am writing with reference to your letter received with the above identification number and my response to that letter is set out below.
In short, your client’s claim for breach of contract is denied in its entirety. It is accepted that I entered into an agreement with your client but it was not a conditional sale agreement as wrong alleged again, rather it was a personal contract purchase agreement.
Turning to the issue of the default notice that your client supposedly issued on 15 October 2018, advising that the account had gone in arrears, this was never received and I therefore ask that you provide a copy of that default notice. In any event, your client’s default notice was ineffective and, for the reasons below, your client also did not terminate the agreement on 11 December 2018.
I also require a detailed account from yourselves describing what these arrears allegedly are and how you believe they have occurred.
I will explain that I was situated in the Leicester Royal Hospital for many weeks throughout September until the end of October, however on my return home, this apparent breach was not received. I have no reason to believe this letter would not have been at my home address on my return.
On 21/05/2018 I wrote to your client exercising my right to terminate the agreement pursuant to Section 99 of the Consumer Credit Act 1974 (the “Act”). The contents of the letter stated that the agreement was to be terminated effective immediately and required your client to collect the vehicle within 14 days from the date of the letter, from the address provided.
Accordingly, upon termination of the agreement in accordance with Section 99 of the Act, my liability under Section 100(1) is limited to one half of the total price payable only. Furthermore, Section 173 of the Act confirms that any contractual term which is inconsistent with the provisions of any rights or remedies under the Act shall be deemed void and unenforceable.
On 01/06/2018 an acknowledgment of my letter was sent by your client confirming that I had paid one half of the total price and there was zero balance to pay. In the circumstances, your client cannot deny that it received my termination letter nor could it have terminated the agreement on 11 December 2018 as it was already terminated some months earlier.
With regard to the vehicle being in my possession, your client has taken no steps to contact me to make arrangements for the collection of it which is why the payments for the vehicle were stopped. Any obligation to continue paying were discharged when the agreement was terminated on 21/05/2018. The vehicle continues to remain in my possession and your client is free to contact me to make arrangements for a suitable date and time to collect it. If I do not hear from your client by 19/03/2019 , I will consider issuing a notice of intention to sell the vehicle pursuant to Section 12 of the Torts (Interference with Goods) Act 1977.
For the reasons already mentioned, it is my view that your client’s claim is at best hopeless and there is no merit whatsoever. Therefore, if your client insists on pursuing me, I will have no choice but to counterclaim for malicious prosecution of civil proceedings together with harassment. I will also consider, if appropriate, to make an application for summary judgment and seek all costs incidental to any application or counterclaim.
I am considering damages in reference to this dispute. The impact of the persistent harassment from your client has led to increased and unnecessary stress, following what has already been a personally traumatic 9 months. The contractual termination is somewhat simple and I am struggling to understand why your client is reluctant to accept this.
My claim would be in reference to the loss of bargain and any further pursuit from your client will result in me requesting transfer of ownership of this vehicle or the option to purchase the price in lieu, the latter would have been optional if this contract had been properly performed. I am within my legal rights to pursue this as your client has actually committed a repudiatory breach.
It is concerning that you have failed to give a legally binding reason for why the termination of this contract was not accepted and my assumption is that this is because you are not in a legal position to be able to refuse the termination. My right to terminate this agreement under section 99 of the Consumer Credit Act is a unilateral one. I disagree that I was legally liable to sign the manipulative termination letter sent by your client, when I had in fact sent a completely acceptable termination letter myself. I therefore request you explain this decision with reference to the relevant legal frameworks, as any contractual obligations were void as from 21/05/2018.
The information needed to retrieve the vehicle was clearly provided in my termination letter, dated 21/05/2018. I am completely flabbergasted that your client has made no further attempts to contact myself to collect their vehicle, nor have they understood the consequences of this repudiatory breach by wrongful termination. I should not be in such a position and I will raise this concern in a legal arena.
I should also make you aware that I am further concerned that your client has placed an adverse marker on my credit file, as evidenced via Experian, in connection with this dispute. This is clearly a breach of the General Data Protection Regulation as the adverse marker is both inaccurate and misleading. I am therefore considering taking further action against your client for compensation unless it immediately removes this adverse marker within the next 7 days. You have previously advised that I take up this concern with your client personally, however you have advised me that all correspondence is to go through yourself. For the avoidance of doubt in the legal arena, I request that you raise this concern as a matter of urgency with your client and respond to myself accordingly.
In summary, your client has, quite frankly, conducted itself in an aggressive and appalling manner. I reiterate my point that your client has committed a repudiatory breach. I am accepting this breach and understand that my obligations and liabilities under this agreement are now extinguished as a result.
I have made a formal complaint to the Financial Ombudsman Service as well as the Financial Conduct Authority in respect of a number of breaches of rules under the Consumer Credit Sourcebook.
I trust this clarifies my position and I look forward to hearing from you in due course confirming that your client has decided to not pursue this groundless claim.
I will post up the reply in a second, it was basically what you have written the first time however I tweeked it to include what you had advised.
I haven’t replied to that one, no, not quite sure how to go ahead with it.
Ive submitted the request yes, may have those returned today actually.
So what exactly did you say to them since my last post #38?
Have you responded to that email?
Have you sent a subject access request to Barclays?
I didnt reply to that one - they’ve just sent me this.
Further to my email below, can you confirm for the record that you are still in control and possession of the vehicle?
So what did you say to them?
Have they switched lawyers (internally)?
Perhaps they may be taking you more seriously.
I now have conduct of this matter. I am taking my clients instructions and will come back to you as soon as possible.
This is their response in full.
You would be wise to submit a subject access request to Barclays and ask for all information they hold on you including account notes, account summary and letters or notices sent out to you. This seems to be an underhand tactic by Barclays which for some reason I have no idea why - I would be amazed if this was run past their legal team and approved because they must surely know they are on to a loser. I suspect its likely to come from some debt collection manager who thinks that using a firm of solicitors might frighten you into paying up, which could in fact backfire and result in them walking with their tail between their legs.
If it were me, I would be thinking carefully what you are going to say next and I wouldn't rush into responding back to them in a hasty fashion because, get it wrong, you could still be held liable for the car. Your ideal situation is to extinguish all liabilities under the agreement and put you in pole position, assuming that's what you want to do.
DWF have referred to arrears but have failed to actually describe what these arrears are, so that's the first thing you would want to know along with a copy of that default notice. Barclays used to (and possibly continue to) run the argument that you should still be required to make the monthly instalments until the vehicle was collected and if that is what they are relying on, I think it's a very very poor one.
You are right, you gave notice to terminate the agreement some 5 months earlier, you received a notice confirming receipt and an outline that it was reasonable to assume that Barclays had accepted your notice of termination. It seems, however, that they have rejected your statutory right to terminate albeit without any justifiable reason and instead, have sought to terminate the agreement themselves based on alleged arrears.
If I was in the position you were in, I would be thinking of replying along the same lines as what was already responded to, together with an explanation of the arrears with a breakdown, and a copy of the default notice. If you are serious about defending yourself on this, you should consider re-iterating the fact that the right to terminate under Section 99 of the CCA is a unilateral one and Barclays had no right reject it without any lawful basis. It might assist for you to explain that you were in hospital in October last year and upon your return no default notice was received in your pile of post. I would likely repeat the above that, by implication, Barclays have committed a repudiatory breach and you are accepting that breach which extinguishes your obligations liabilities under the agreement.
You could further suggest that you are now considering damages which includes loss of bargain and invite DWF to make an offer of settlement. Further pursuit of the matter by Barclays will result in a counterclaim for the transfer of ownership of the vehicle or the option to purchase price in lieu, either of which would have been the position had the contract been properly performed.
I guess now, the question is whether you want to pay up still which would be considered an admission of liability, or defend it and see what DWF's response is going to be; call their bluff and see what happens. Your alternative argument to repudiatory breach is that the agreement nevertheless terminated in May, not October so there is no cause of action for breach of contract.
Nope, the default notice I’ve got I had to ask them to post out ‘again’. They’re claiming they sent that in October. Like I say, I was in hospital for the whole of October with a poorly baby, however my house was unoccupied so I can’t see why I wouldn’t have seen that letter when I returned. It’s not like I opened anything that would have been more important than a letter as such either. That letter also says Id breached contract by failing to tax and MOT, not that I’d allowed the account go into arrears.
Its all a massive mess - I don’t know what they’re trying to do. I terminated this agreement in May 2018, why would they be claiming that 5 months after sending me a letter advising I owed £0?
I will I’ll email them again, advising them I don’t accept what they’re saying. To be honest, they don’t seem to know what they’re doing?! | 2019-04-20T04:20:53Z | https://legalbeagles.info/forums/forum/money-debt/consumer-credit-act/1441175-barclays-partnership-finance-pcp-dispute?view=stream |
Terms and Conditions - SES Research Inc.
1. Acceptance of Terms — By purchasing and accepting delivery of products supplied by SES Research(“Products”) you agree to be bound by these terms and conditions (the “Terms and Conditions”). Terms or conditions contained in any order form or other document submitted by you which are inconsistent with, or in addition to, these Terms and Conditions are rejected, objected to and shall be deemed void and of no force or effect.
2. Changes — Once submitted, any change(s) to your order(s) may be made only with advance written approval of SES Research and such changes may require different terms, including a change in the price and/or time of delivery. Once submitted, you may not cancel any order unless cancellation is expressly approved by SES research in writing, which approval may be contingent on your payment of SES Research’s costs or other charges, including, but not limited to, storage and shipment costs, costs of producing non-standard materials, costs of purchasing non-returnable materials, cancellation costs imposed on SES Research by its suppliers, and any other costs resulting from cancellation. A verified bill of costs issued by an officer or other authorized representative of SES Research shall be conclusive as to the amount of such costs. SES Research reserves the right to cancel any order, in whole or in part, upon your breach of these terms and conditions or your bankruptcy, insolvency, dissolution, receivership proceedings, or upon the occurrence of any event leading SES Research to reasonably question your willingness or ability to perform.
3. Delivery, claims — All sales will be delivered Ex Works SES Research’s shipping point unless otherwise noted. Order are typical process in 1 to 2 days. If shipping and handling charges are quoted or invoiced, they will include charges in addition to actual freight costs. Delivery of Products to the carrier at SES Research’s shipping point shall constitute delivery to you and you shall bear all risk of loss or damage in transit. The general method of shipment for each item is listed in SES Research’s product directory. However, SES Research reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to determine the exact method of shipment for any particular shipment. SES Research reserves the right to make delivery in installments, all such installments to be separately invoiced and paid for when due per invoice, without regard to subsequent deliveries. Delay in delivery of any installment shall not relieve you of your obligations to accept remaining deliveries. Immediately upon your receipt of any Products shipped hereunder, you shall inspect the same and shall notify SES research in writing of any claims for shortages, defects or damages and shall hold Products for SES Research’s written instructions concerning disposition. If you fail to so notify SES Research within five days after the Products have been received by you, such Products shall conclusively be deemed to conform to the terms and conditions hereof and to have been irrevocably accepted by the you.
4. Delays — Any specified delivery dates are estimates only and do not represent a promise by SES Research to deliver Products at a date certain. SES Research shall not be liable for any loss, damage or penalty as a result of any delay in or failure to manufacture, deliver or otherwise perform hereunder due to any cause beyond SES Research’s reasonable control, including, without limitation, unsuccessful reactions, act(s) of you, embargo or other governmental act, regulation or request affecting the conduct of SES Research’s business, fire, explosion, accident, theft, vandalism, riot, acts of war, strikes or other labor difficulties, lightning, flood, windstorm or other acts of God, delay in transportation, or inability to obtain necessary labor, fuel, materials, supplies or power at current prices. If any such event continues for longer than 180 days, either party may terminate your order and you will pay SES Research for work performed prior to termination and all reasonable expenses incurred by SES Research as a result of termination. In the event of delays in delivery or performance caused by force majeure or by you, the date of delivery or performance shall be extended by the period of time SES Research is actually delayed or as mutually agreed. If, for reasons other than the foregoing, SES Research should default or delay or not deliver Products, your sole remedy against SES Research is an option to cancel your purchase order, through prior written notice to SES Research.
5. Security Interest in Unsold Inventory — To secure your obligation to pay SES Research for the purchase of products, you grant to SES Research a purchase money security interest in all products purchased from SES Research, and in all proceeds thereof.
6. Allocation of Products — If SES Research is unable for any reason to supply the total demands for Products specified in your order, SES Research may allocate its viable supply among any or all customers (including SES Research’s distributors) on such basis as SES Research may deem fair and practical, without liability for any failure of performance which may result therefrom.
7. Payment and Interest — Unless otherwise stated, payment in full shall be made within 30 days of invoice. SES Research reserves the right to require an advanced deposit of up to 100% of the purchase price at the time of order or any time prior to delivery as a condition of performance. If for any reason SES Research, in its sole and unfettered discretion, deems the ultimate collectability of the purchase price to be in doubt, SES Research may, without notice to you, delay or postpone the delivery of the Products and may, at its option, change the terms of payment to payment in full or in part in advance, with respect to the entire undelivered balance of Products. In the event of default by you in the payment of the purchase price or otherwise, SES Research, at its option, without prejudice to any other of SES Research’s lawful remedies, may defer delivery, cancel your order and any other order of you, or sell any undelivered products on hand for the account of you and apply such proceeds as a credit, without set-off or deduction of any kind, against the agreed upon purchase price, and you agree to pay the balance then due to SES Research on demand. You agree to pay all costs, including, but not limited to, reasonable attorney and accounting fees and other expenses of collection resulting from any default by you in any of the terms hereof. Invoices remaining unpaid after their due date will be subject to an interest charge of 1.5% per month (or the maximum rate allowed by law). You must pay all costs of collection on unpaid amounts, including (without limitation) attorneys’ fees and related costs.
8. Taxes and other charges — SES Research shall not be responsible for the payment of any use tax, sales tax, excise tax, duty, custom, inspection or testing fee, or any other tax, fee or charge of any nature whatsoever imposed by any governmental authority, on or measured by the transaction between, with the sole exception of any sales taxes invoiced and collected from you by SES Research. All other such charges (if any) must be paid by you separately and in addition to the prices quoted or invoiced. In the event SES Research is required to pay any such tax, fee or charge, you shall reimburse SES Research therefore; or, in lieu of such payment, you shall provide SES Research at the time the order is submitted an exemption certificate or other document acceptable to the authority imposing the tax, fee or charge. If the recipient is unresponsive to the contact from the shipping company or refuses to pay the import duties/customs/VAT of the recipient’s shipping country, the recipient will still be held liable for any shipping charges SES Research Inc. has incurred, even if the package is destroyed or returned to the shipper, and will be subject to a 20% restocking fee.
9. Pricing — Any quotation provided by SES Research is firm only if you place a corresponding order within the time specified on the quote or, if no time period is mentioned, within 30 days. You must request shipment of the entire quantity of Products ordered within 6 months from the date of order, otherwise, SES Research’s standard prices at time of shipment may apply, at SES Research’s option, to future deliveries.
10. Price Changes — Shipment will be made promptly even if prices have been nominally increased. Price changes will be automatically applied to your invoice. Notwithstanding any price quotation or prices listed by SES Research, if at any time prior to delivery SES Research’s costs of materials have increased by 10% or more, then SES Research may cancel any accepted but undelivered orders or condition the continuance of any order on your agreement to a corresponding increase in price.
11. Warranties — SES Research warrants that its products shall, at the time of delivery, conform to the description of such products as provided to you by SES Research through SES Research’s product directory, analytical data or other then-current literature. THIS WARRANTY IS EXCLUSIVE, AND SES RESEARCH MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT OF ANY THIRD-PARTY PATENT OR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. SES Research’s warranties made in connection with this sale shall not be effective if SES Research has determined, in its sole discretion, that you have misused the Products in any manner, have failed to use the Products in accordance with industry standards and practices, or have failed to use the Products in accordance with instructions, if any, furnished by SES Research. SES RESEARCH’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE LIABILITY AND YOUR EXCLUSIVE REMEDY WITH RESPECT TO PRODUCTS PROVED TO SES RESEARCH’S SATISFACTION TO BE DEFECTIVE OR NONCONFORMING SHALL BE REPLACEMENT OF SUCH PRODUCTS WITHOUT CHARGE OR REFUND OF THE PURCHASE PRICE, IN SES RESEARCH’S SOLE DISCRETION, UPON THE RETURN OF SUCH PRODUCTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH SES RESEARCH’S INSTRUCTIONS. SES RESEARCH SHALL NOT IN ANY EVENT BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR SPECIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND RESULTING FROM ANY USE OR FAILURE OF THE PRODUCTS, EVEN IF SES RESEARCH HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, LIABILITY FOR LOSS OF USE, COST OF CAPITAL, LOSS OF WORK IN PROGRESS, DOWN TIME, LOSS OF REVENUE OR PROFITS, FAILURE TO REALIZE SAVINGS, ANY LIABILITY OF BUYER TO A THIRD PARTY, OR FOR ANY LABOR OR ANY OTHER EXPENSE, DAMAGE OR LOSS OCCASIONED BY SUCH PRODUCT INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PERSONAL INJURY OR PROPERTY DAMAGE UNLESS SUCH PERSONAL INJURY OR PROPERTY DAMAGE IS CAUSED BY SES RESEARCH’S GROSS NEGLIGENCE. THE EXCLUSION OF SUCH DAMAGES AND/OR CLAIMS SHALL BE DEEMED INDEPENDENT OF, AND SHALL SURVIVE, ANY FAILURE OF THE ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OF ANY LIMITED REMEDY ARISING FROM THE PURCHASE AND/OR THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS. SES RESEARCH’S LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES HEREUNDER SHALL IN NO CASE EXCEED THE CONTRACT PRICE FOR THE SPECIFIC PRODUCTS THAT GIVE RISE TO THE BREACH. THESE EXCLUSIONS AND LIMITATIONS ON DAMAGES SHALL APPLY REGARDLESS OF HOW THE LOSS OR DAMAGE MAY BE CAUSED AND AGAINST ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, INDEMNITY, WARRANTY, TORT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, OR ANY OTHER THEORY. ALL CLAIMS MUST BE BROUGHT WITHIN ONE (1) YEAR OF SHIPMENT, REGARDLESS OF THEIR NATURE.
12. Your Use of Products — SES Research’s Products are intended primarily for laboratory research purposes and, unless otherwise stated on product labels, in SES Research’s product directory or in other literature furnished to you, are not to be used for any other purposes, including but not limited to, in vitro diagnostic purposes, in foods, drugs, medical devices or cosmetics for humans or animals or for commercial purposes. You acknowledge that the Products have not been tested by SES Research for safety and efficacy in food, drug, medical device, cosmetic, commercial or any other use, unless otherwise stated in SES Research’s literature furnished to you. You expressly represent and warrant to SES Research that you will properly test, use, manufacture and market any Products purchased from SES Research and/or materials produced with Products purchased from SES Research in accordance with the practices of a reasonable person who is an expert in the field and in strict compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, now and hereinafter enacted. You further warrant to SES Research that any material produced with Products from SES Research shall not be adulterated or misbranded within the meaning of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and shall not be materials which may not, under Sections 404, 505, or 512 of the Act, be introduced into interstate commerce.
Distributor’s Use of Products — SES Research’s Products are intended primarily for laboratory research purposes and, unless otherwise stated on product labels, in SES Research’s product directory or in other literature furnished to Distributor, are not to be used for any other purposes, including but not limited to, in vitro diagnostic purposes, in foods, drugs, medical devices or cosmetics for humans or animals or for commercial purposes. Distributor acknowledges that the Products have not been tested by SES Research for safety and efficacy in food, drug, medical device, cosmetic, commercial or any other use, unless otherwise stated in SES Research’s literature furnished to Distributor. Distributor expressly represents and warrants to SES Research that Distributor will properly test, use, manufacture and market any Products purchased from SES Research and/or materials produced with Products purchased from SES Research in accordance with the practices of a reasonable person who is an expert in the field and in strict compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, now and hereinafter enacted. Distributor further warrants to SES Research that any material produced with Products from SES Research shall not be adulterated or misbranded within the meaning of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and shall not be materials which may not, under Sections 404, 505, or 512 of the Act, be introduced into interstate commerce.
Distributor realizes that, since SES Research’s Products are, unless otherwise stated, intended primarily for research purposes, they may not be on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) inventory. Distributor assumes responsibility to assure that the Products purchased from SES Research are approved for use under TSCA, if applicable.
Distributor has the responsibility to verify the hazards and to conduct any further research necessary to learn the hazards involved in using Products purchased from SES Research. Distributor also has the duty to warn Distributor’s customers, employees, contractors, agents and any auxiliary personnel (such as freight handlers, etc.) of any risks involved in using or handling the Products. Distributor agrees to comply with instructions, if any, furnished by SES Research relating to the use of the Products and not misuse the Products in any manner. If the Products purchased from SES Research are to be repackaged, relabeled or used as starting material or components of other products, Distributor will verify SES Research’s assay of the Products. No Products purchased from SES Researchshall, unless otherwise stated, be considered to be foods, drugs, medical devices or cosmetics.
Product Modifications/Improvements — Distributor is not authorized to modify Products in any manner, without specific authorization from SES Research. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Distributor agrees to promptly disclose to SES Research in writing any improvement, concept, design, work of authorship, discovery or idea (whether patentable or not and including those which may be subject to copyright protection) generated, conceived, or reduced to practice by Distributor in connection with the sale of Products (collectively “Improvements”). Any Improvement to any Products shall be the sole and exclusive property of SES Research and shall be treated as “work made for hire” as defined in the Copyright Act at 17 U.S.C. Section 101. Distributor hereby assigns to SES Research all rights in the Improvements, including, without limitation, all patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret rights.
Distributor’s Representations and Indemnity — Distributor represents and warrants that it shall use all Products ordered herein in accordance with Section 13 “Distributor’s Use of Products,” and that any such use of Products will not violate any law or regulation. Distributor agrees to indemnify and hold harmless SES Research and SES Research’s parents, affiliates, agents, officers, directors, employees and assigns (collectively, “SES Research Parties”) from and against any suits, losses, claims, demands, liabilities, costs and expenses (including attorney and accounting fees) that the SES ResearchParties, or any of them, may sustain or incur as a result of: (a) any claim against the SES ResearchParties based upon negligence, breach of warranty, strict liability in tort, contract, or any other theory of law brought by Distributor, its officers, agents, employees, successors or assigns, Distributor’s customers, end users, auxiliary personnel (such as freight handlers, etc.) or by other third parties, arising out of, directly or indirectly, SES Research’s Products or the use thereof; (b) Distributor’s failure to perform its obligations contained herein; (c) any claim that Distributor misrepresented its authority or made any contractual commitment not expressly authorized by SES Research; and (d) the payment of any duty, tariff, fee, penalty or cost of any kind arising out of relating Distributor’s shipment or export of Products. Distributor shall notify SES Researchin writing within fifteen (15) days of Distributor’s receipt of knowledge of any accident or incident involving SES Research’s Products which results in personal injury or damage to property, and Distributor shall fully cooperate with SES Researchin the investigation and determination of the cause of such accident and shall make available to SES Researchall statements, reports and tests made by Distributor or made available to Distributor by others. The furnishing of such information to SES Research and any investigation by SES Research of such information or incident report shall not in any way constitute any assumption of any liability for such accident or incident by SES Research. SES Research shall not be responsible for any settlement or compromise of any third party claim made without SES Research’s written consent.
13. You realize that, since SES Research’s Products are, unless otherwise stated, intended primarily for research purposes, they may not be on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) inventory. You assume responsibility to assure that the Products purchased from SES Researchare approved for use under TSCA, if applicable. You have the responsibility to verify the hazards and to conduct any further research necessary to learn the hazards involved in using Products purchased from SES Research. You also assume the duty to warn your employees, those associated with you and any auxiliary personnel (such as freight handlers, etc.) of any risks involved in using or handling the Products. You agree to comply with instructions, if any, furnished by SES Research relating to the use of the Products and not misuse the Products in any manner. If the Products purchased from SES Research are to be repackaged, relabeled or used as starting material or components of other products, you agree that you will verify SES Research’s assay of the Products. No Products purchased from SES Research shall, unless otherwise stated, be considered to be foods, drugs, medical devices or cosmetics.
14. Returns — Products may not be returned for credit except with SES Research’s permission, and then only in strict compliance with SES Research’s return shipment instructions. You must obtain advance written authorization from SES Research and a written return authorization document in the form then in use by SES Research, prior to returning any Products. Certain items and quantities may not be returned for credit or under any circumstances. These items include, but are not limited to: diagnostic reagents, refrigerated or frozen products; reagents and standards which have passed their expiration dates; custom products or special orders; products missing labels, parts, or instruction manuals; and books, computer software and equipment removed from their original packaging. Any returned items may be subject to a 20% processing fee and must be returned within 90 days of purchase.
15. Miscellaneous — SES Research’s failure to strictly enforce any particular term or condition contained herein or to exercise any right with respect to your order shall not constitute a waiver of SES Research’s right to strictly enforce such terms or conditions or exercise such right thereafter. All rights and remedies are cumulative and are in addition to any other rights and remedies SES Research may have at law or in equity. Any waiver of a default by you shall be in writing and shall not operate as a waiver of any other default or of the same default thereafter. If any of these terms shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not be affected or impaired thereby. The section headings herein are for convenience only; they form no part of the Terms and Conditions and shall not affect their interpretation. These Terms and Conditions shall be binding upon, inure to the benefit of, and be enforceable by, the parties hereto, and their respective heirs, personal representatives, successors and assigns.
16. Governing Law, Disputes — All disputes allegedly arising from the legality, interpretation, application, or performance of your order, the Products or any of these Terms and Conditions shall be governed by the laws of the State of Texas including its conflict of laws principles. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this section shall prevent SES Research from bringing a claim in any court having jurisdiction over you to enjoin infringement of SES Research’s trademark, patent or other intellectual property rights, or to prevent irreparable harm to SES Research. The parties agree to waive, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any and all rights to a trial by jury in connection with any dispute.
17. Indemnity and Insurance — You shall indemnify and hold SES Research, its corporate affiliates, agents, employees and representatives harmless from and against any and all claims, damages, losses, costs or expenses (including attorney’s fees) resulting from your (a) sale or use of the Products, (b) breach of the provisions and representations contained in the Terms and Conditions or (c) negligence, recklessness or misconduct. You shall maintain: workers’ compensation insurance with statutory limits; (ii) employers’ liability insurance for bodily injury with limits of at least $1,000,000 per occurrence or as required by law; and (iii) comprehensive general liability insurance for death, bodily injury and property damage, including products liability coverage, with limits of at least $5,000,000 per occurrence or as required by law. Upon SES Research’s request, you will provide SES Research with certificates of insurance evidencing such coverage naming SES Research as an additional insured. | 2019-04-21T00:35:19Z | https://www.sesres.com/terms-and-conditions/ |
Did you ever feel discouraged that your latest post didn’t receive thousands of reads from real people?
Quality traffic + valuable product = online success.
From the formula above, you need to understand that no other factor is as important as driving targeted traffic to your content & website.
Most of the time, the ultimate problem that website owners face isn’t lack of quality content, but their inability to reach the right audience at the appropriate time.
If you’re struggling to grow your website or blog, this post is for you. Please read it, think about the 10 ways listed and pick the ones that interest you the most.
I want to show you how to use a single post to get massive traffic. In the mean time, let’s not forget that traffic without a valuable product is a waste.
Every content marketer must own or promote one type of product or the other. Let’s quickly run through the top 10 ways to increase your traffic easily, to/with a single content. Shall we?
It’s important to know how to write it, because that’s the first thing which you must do if you want to drive more traffic.
No amount of promotion in the world is going to help you, if you content is mediocre or the same thing as what every blogger has. Start by identifying the problems your ideal customers and readers are facing.
Do you think that they need urgent solutions? Or is the problem manageable?
If they can manage their problems, you can manage your business as well by staying away from such a problem.
Instead, look for a pressing need, research extensively and write content that can inspire your ideal prospect to take action.
Let’s assume that you’ve written a good article and wants thousands of people to read it, you’ll now go ahead and map out your clear steps. That’s the foundation of every successful blog.
The action you’re going to take to reach your first 100 views and how you can up those views to 500 and 1000 in 30 days or less.
The foundation is where you specify exactly what you’re going to do to push the single content forward. Remember, the purpose of this post is to help you propagate just “ONE” of your content and get the right eyeballs to actually read it.
The title of the post you intend to promote must be attractive. If after writing the epic content, you discovered that the title isn’t catchy, powerful or enticing, go back and rewrite it before getting promoting it offsite.
According to TED Nicholas, 73% of buying decision is made at the point of the headline.
In other words, the title of content is what determines whether or not you’d get clicks, conversion or engagement. Write 3 – 5 separate titles which are suitable for your epic post. Afterward, select the best and start promoting the content.
Do you want more traffic to your content pages? See this SEO tool.
The first two ways explained above are the TAP ROOT SYSTEM for driving traffic to your website, through a single content.
Now you need to look into your navigation. Since you want more views for a single post or article, you’ll need to showcase it clearly; where people can easily find it.
If you have a blog, add the post page to your menu navigation bar. If the content appears on the same menu with your “home, about page, contact page etc.” it’d be deemed relevant and topmost by search engine spiders, and people alike.
Because the menu bar contains pages that form the foundation of a wordpress site. If you’re skilled at CSS, change the color of your menu, especially the “content page” that you want people to access easily. Use an attractive color like Red, Pink, Orange or Magenta to make it stand out.
The instant you’re able to differentiate that “single” post page from your home, about page and other pages, the more pageviews, and conversions you’d get.
Power users are individual bloggers; internet and content marketers who have build strong engagement with their blogs.
You already know because they’re the ones who make six to seven figures annually.
If you’re convinced that you’ve written an article, created a video or recorded a podcast that can benefit their audience, let them know about it. Don’t be a coward!
Don’t just ask power users to share or cite your content and send you free traffic.
It will never work like that. What you must do is recognize that these power users are busy, but very determined to add value to their communities. They need quality and epic content continually.
They might not have the required time to always research and write valuable content, that’s where your content come in.
Kindly highlight the benefits in the content you’re promoting. Ideally, interview power users and when you post the article, ask them to share it. You’ll drive more traffic to your single post.
How do you get into the heat of conversion with your single post?
You know that your content is going to benefit majority of those in that conversation – but you don’t know how to get in front of them. The first thing to do is find out where this conversation is happening.
In other words, identify where your ideal customers and potential readers are hanging out day in and day out.
If you wait for them to come to you, it may never happen. Serious conversations are happening on Twitter, discussion boards and other niche targeted forums.
Introduce yourself as someone who really wants to help the community members in your own special way.
Don’t spam forums with your links & anchor texts, but be active and you’ll reap the rewards. Answer questions & threads that are related to ‘single’ content and refer readers to your URL.
Well, they’re those people; blog readers and visitors who need what you’re selling, or the type of content you’ve written.
For instance, if your website is about printing and graphic designs, then your target audience will be those who want to print books, business cards, customize materials and authors.
For me, my target audience is anyone who runs a website and wants to drive more targeted traffic, build a loyal audience and sell their products without hype or B.S. And that’s the true essence of content marketing.
Using basic persuasion techniques to lead potential buyers down the sales funnel and converting them. Now that you know who your audience is, it’s time to captivate them.
Find out what they need right now, either by asking them questions in your post, or going through the comments they left on your recent post.
Answer their questions clearly and position your share buttons where they can find it.
If the content interests them, they’d share it with other people and who knows, you might generate 100+ visitors from a single tweet. So, how do you build interest?
Whose desire are you going to intensify? Bear in mind that engaging people is quite different from building the desire in them.
Most websites and blogs actually are engaging, but the readers most times don’t find the latest posts and articles persuasive enough.
I believe that copywriting has a lot to do in helping you build interest in the hearts of your target audience. When a prospective customer visits your website, he or she would have a lot of questions running through their minds and you must answer those questions.
“Why should I stay and read your post instead of your competitors’?
The problem with content marketing is that there are thousands of articles and blogs already. You’ll need to do an extra job to be able to stand out from the crowd. Give your target audience the strongest reason why they should stay a little longer in your website.
Ask thought-provoking questions and you’ll get a lot of response and tweets. These are social signals which Google and other search engines love.
Before I answer that question, I need you to understand that search engine traffic is the most targeted form of traffic you can ever get.
Because when someone types and searches for a specific key phrase in Google, that person is already presold either through TV commercials, internet banners, word of mouth, twitter, PPC or media advertising.
The user who is searching for “market samurai” isn’t a total novice to this keyword software. And Google knows that their search database can only be useful if they showcase only relevant pages from a website.
So, SERPs is an acronym for search engine result pages. You see, 95% of the time, Google would only show the exact page that contains the keyword and information you’re searching for – not the homepage.
Google could only show the homepage if that’s the only page that’s index-able and SEO-friendly.
To drive more traffic to your single post, add more SEO juice to it. Use all-in-one-seo pack to add relevant Meta Tags: keywords and description.
It’s better to ask questions in your “description tag” so that when your page appears in Google, people would actually click it.
Build internal links to your “single” content and you’d increase your pageviews & traffic easily.
At this juncture, you need to remove unnecessary steps from your “single” post.
You want the right people to share, cite and help promote your content, don’t make it difficult. Minimize the number of out-going links on your post.
Because this is going to send your readers to other blogs, which you may not know the capacity of the owner; in terms of how skilled they’re in converting your referrals to ardent readers and customers.
There is nothing wrong with linking out, but don’t go overboard.
And if you must link out, ensure that the external page opens in a new window or tab. This way, your “single” post would still be read and shared.
But here’s the deal, when you ask people to click a link that you don’t own, there is every tendency that your own content will be abandoned.
You can’t ask them to visit your competitor’s website, and at the same time, ask for a tweet or Google+ share. It’s not going to work that way.
Eliminate all the obstacles that can stand on the way and help your target audience share your posts easily. You’ll generate more targeted traffic by being simple and flexible [tweet this].
You and I know that guest blogging is important.
In this blogging era where the competition is stiff, how do you get in front of your target audience easily.
Because most high-traffic blogs don’t accept guest posts again.
In fact, problogger no longer accepts guest articles from every blogger out there.
If you’re a new blogger, how are you going to survive in this world, where the criteria for getting published in a top blog is high and most times, you can’t reach it with your limited knowledge.
I’ve discovered a powerful method. It’s called, “twisted comment.” I’m sure you haven’t heard about it before, right? Anyways, it’s simple and could produce 50 – 100 visitors a day for you.
First, identify the blog where you “would” have loved to guest blog. Now let’s agree that you can’t get published there for any reason – what else can you do.
After subscribing, you’ll get notified each time a new post is published.
Now, quickly visit the blog, read through the content and make sure you understand what the author is trying to say. Please read the content twice, because it vital that you get the gist.
Don’t strive to be the first commenter, it doesn’t matter when you’re using my “twisted comment” strategy to drive high traffic. But if you’re the first, that would be better.
Now, go ahead, leave a comment that’s lengthy. I mean, your comment should be 200 – 300 words, but this time, tailor it to what the author have written in his post.
Ask questions, share your insights and even share a short story. Remember, the blog in question is high-traffic, but doesn’t accept guest post from strangers. But now, you’ve your guest post, but in a different way.
The goal is to make your comment better than every other comment in the list.
Even if your comment appears on the 10 or 50th position, if it’s lengthy (200 words +) and valuable, you’re going to create a strong buzz around your comment and increase your click-through rates.
Remember, you want more targeted traffic to a particular content on your blog. In your comment, use an anchor text that’s relevant to the topic of the post and link to your content URL.
If you can use “twisted comment” on 3 high-traffic blogs, you’ll not only drive 1000+ visitors to your SINGLE post and website weekly, but also, build strong backlinks to your pages.
If you follow these 10 ways, you can rest assured that within 30 days, the traffic coming to your website through that single post would increase.
When I used this method in 2012, I generated 2062 readers in 3 days and 372 joined my email list. But for this to work, your content must be above the par. It must be epic and keep the reader awake at midnight.
A word of caution: This post didn’t teach you how to drive free traffic to your website per se, but how to promote a single content on your blog and increase its views and engagement.
Do you ever get plan your content before writing it, in other to ensure it drives traffic for you? Please leave a “twisted comment” below and you’ll gain more traffic. You’re Awesome!
Driving more traffic in free way is one of the most attractive words to get in more visitors. Each and very online people would love to hear about these terms and check out the ways in which they can promote.
Hello Michael, thank you for this post. You elaborated some fantastic points that should be remembered to increase traffic for blog. Most of the blogger know how to blog but they always worry about how to generate more and more traffic for the blog. Considering your tips this will be an easy and fun task. One thing i would like to say that use of visuals may ease your goal of achieving traffic. As we can see some of the relevant visuals are used in your blog. You are really a great writer. Thanks again for the post. Keep sharing.
Hello Michael, thank you for those tips on web traffic generation. I really like the idea of giving value to your visitors and encouraging them to share your single post. That’s a great idea!
Glad you enjoyed reading my post.
i love your post man, thank you, one think i would like to add, target facebook users, surely it will reach quickly to all user and give more impact and increase traffic.
Thank you for sharing such type of blog in website.In all website content is main part of website.Thank you very much.Keep posting more new knowledge.
This is an excellent post. The thing that stood out to me was the breakdown of what a twisted comment is. I never understood the rationale of being first in terms of commenting. After reading this article I understand the importance.
You stated that twisted comments drive traffic to your site and they should be lengthy. I agree with this statement and I encourage people to take the time to leave valuable comments.
A twisted comment gives the blogger the chance to extend the conversation, showcase expertise, be helpful and even drive traffic.
I am glad that I visited John Chow’s site. I was exposed to your writing prowess.
I’m glad to welcome you at my blog. Welcome on board.
Hi Michael i adopted all the above methods but only missed the guestpost then also i am not getting any traffic could u let me knw where i am missing.
How does a twisted comment help in driving traffic? I would like to understand that better. It could be just what I have been missing all along!
When you write a valuable comment, link to your recent or popular post. You would get more traffic to your website.
This is just the basics of a successful campaign. You need to be able to get all of this research together to form content that your target audience is going to trust. You need to touch them with your words. Once you’ve managed that, you’re half way there to a successful marketing campaign.
Yes, Content is king..After Google panda update It always give priority to content.
thanks for sharing such an awesome article about traffic generation to a single post. Truly inspiring….
Michael thanks for sharing your knowledge. I was impressed with driving traffic with twisted comments. Thank you Michael for Good and informative content.
Traffic generation is what every blogger and website owner seeks after. Thank you for making this post worth it, and unique from the rest. You’re doing a great job – Michael.
Thanks for sharing with us this very useful information. Your post really helped me to understand the Top 10 Ways to Drive More Traffic to a “SINGLE” Content It has great details and yet it is easy to understand. I really like the idea of giving value to your visitors and encouraging them to share your single post.
When you write about the questions your audience has, you’ll be writing the kind of content that gets shared — the kind of content that attracts traffic.
write epic content is effective way to drive Traffic. I understand if content is good & relevant to topic than it get valuable & readers like to visit on valuable content.
Top 10 Ways to Drive More Traffic to a “SINGLE” Content!!! ths is really great topic. This article is interesting and useful;Most of the time, the ultimate problem that website owners face isn’t lack of quality content, but their inability to reach the right audience at the appropriate time.
iT IS TRUE THAT WE NEED MORE THINGS TO HAVE GOOD ONE BUSINESS!!!
Great idea and thank you for sharing it!
The only thing i learnt newly today is the twisted comment stuff. Thanks a lot for this new idea.
Thank you so much Valentine.
This post about sales and marketing is really great. Thanks sharing about this in your content marketing, Michael. I didn’t know what the difference was before coming over to your blog. But now, I know when to sell my product, and when to build relationships.
Awesome comment Shane. Thank you for reading and leaving a comment.
Wonderful post, thanks for sharing these tips on how to increase traffic. Perhaps in a future post you could expand on how social media can help increase traffic?
Nice Article About content, I have found lot of information about content Marketing. Its Just amazing. thanks Again.
Truly great post, Jon. I like the style too, really makes it difficult to get bored while reading. Also, information written makes a lot of sense, especially supported with all these examples. To sum up, one of my favorites post actually, thank you for writing it.
I do have a question though. Isn’t starting with only one social media channel to little? I mean, it will be easier to provide your followers with better-quality content, but running a couple more channel won’t make it much harder. Plus it enables you to work with somewhat bigger audience from the very beginning.
Thanks for reading Sarah. I’m grateful to you.
Awesome Post and very beneficial for driving traffic to my single post. Thanks again for making out time to write this. This is very nice informative article.
I welcome your comment with open arms Kumar. Thanks a bunch!
For me I think even if you write epic content and forget all other factors, you can still drive massive traffic..
I’ve to agree with you. But if you need to build a profitable online business, you’ve to go beyond quality content, and actually market your website through other mediums. Thanks for reading and contributing to my post.
This is a very useful post Chibuzor. Thanks for this article bro.
Thank you Oscar. It’s good to have you on my blog.
Totally great post MichaelI !! There are so many internet blogs available so that readers and visitors can afford to be choosy. Good and informative content is the foundation of developing a good visitor base. The content you provide is what will keep readers coming back for more. Moreover, interaction with readers is also important.
Glad you agree with the post and left a valuable comment. You’ve always supported me Bisht, God bless you richly.
Great highlights Osborne. What content marketers need the most is a captivating title and content that solves problem. Thank you so much for contributing.
Hello Dear, its very great post about traffic. I’m totally satisfied with your points really. Content is most important part of blogging so write always unique, interesting and meaningful content for your blog to generate free targeted traffic, so thanks for sharing this.
I agree with your comment. Makes me glad. Thanks a bunch.
Hi Michael, Thanks for sharing great article about how to improve traffic for website or blog. This is very useful information for online review readers. Keep it up such a nice posting like this.
I welcome your comment with open arms, Kallis.
Driving more traffic to single content is really interesting!!! There are ways to do this.And the following formula is so good Quality traffic + valuable product = online success.This is really great formula!! It is interesting and important.Thank you for sharing this precious article.
I’m glad that you like the formula for success. Thanks Alexis.
Awesome post Michael….depending on a single source for driving traffic is definitely not the best solution for a website. Making use of social media is one of the best mode to drive traffic. I am totally agree with you that we have to update our blog regularly to increase our blog traffic but I think building links with other blogs either by commenting or by guest posting is also an important factor to drive more traffic to our blog which you didn’t mentioned above. Thanks for sharing this post.
I’ve to agree with you Christine. Social media marketing is equally crucial in today’s content marketing world.
tons of traffic for phrases I didn’t specifically target. This is known as getting the long tail. Jakob Nielsen demonstrates this in graphical form by showing how most sites could easily enjoy more traffic simply by adding content.
You can say that again – long tail keywords are powerful traffic generators.
Nice post and really useful informative article. thanks for sharing the useful information on traffic generation to a single post.
Kind regards Kumar and I appreciate your honest comment.
Could you give us/me an example of how are you doing that? As we both know some bloggers aren’t accepting links within their comments (particularly if they’re personal or self-promotional), not to mention anchor text. It’s the first time I’m hearing such.
How can one enter anchor text in a commenting form, is there a code or something? I now see your form has HTML tags and attributes, but not all have. Or, am I just unaware of it?
I cannot wait to hear what you have to say, as I find your approach challenging and exciting at the same time… best!
Hey Gibb, good to have you here. Yes, I’ve used the twisted comments on smartpassiveincome as well as thinktraffic. But accept html codes for your anchor, but don’t spam their box.
Great tips. I like the twisted comments idea. In fact that’s what I’ve done to promote my blogs since day 1 I blog. From my experience, most traffic to a single post happens if our post on the same topic. In this matters, comluv enabled blogs helps a lot. Though it’s hard to predict what others going to post that match with our latest post.
Glad to know you’ve been using the “twisted comment” strategy before.
Thanks for the tips you shared for the traffic to a single post.Really considerable and good post, I really appreciate you effort and interest in this area.
Thank you so much for the comment friend. I hope to read from you always.
It’s a niche post on generating traffic to a single post Michael. Thanks for sharing love with us on the importance of quality content, above all other things.
I’m glad that I could help you with my tips.
Hi Michael, I think connecting with power users to promote your content is by far the best promotional idea of present time…With SEO declining ( or taking strange turns on its path), a different model for traffic needs to be in place..Mutual promotion can go a long way if both parties maintain quality and trust..Good luck..Cheers.
Hey Hart, yes, power users can bring so much traffic to a single post. I hope to see you more often.
Nice and super these ten tips. These tips are really so amazing and informative for me. Thanks for sharing this.
I’m grateful for you, for reading my post.
I really enjoyed this post! Great post for bloggers who want to increase traffic to his blog. Writing Good Content and social networking is the best way to increase web traffic. Thanks very much for your useful advice.
I wrote the post to help bloggers drive more targeted traffic to their single posts. I’m glad you benefited from the post.
Thanks for sharing your good tips about web traffic.
Writing good and quaified content is needed for the success of any blog.But it is not the only needed element reaching the right audience at the appropriate time is also needed!!!
Quality content is always the #1 factor for traffic generation. Glad you enjoyed the post.
“Most of the time, the ultimate problem that website owners face isn’t lack of quality content, but their inability to reach the right audience at the appropriate time.”This is so true.If we don’t reach the right audience at the appropriate time we don’t achieve any goal!!!
I totally agree with you, expecially when you talk about SEO.
Good SEO activities can drive a huge amount of traffic!
Thank you Petrozzi for agreeing with my post.
Write epic content is a good advice, + to it killing title would be good also. The topic of driving content to your blog is not actually new but you’ve managed to write it in a fresh and interesting way, that is worth reading. Thanks for sharing your ideas) i appreciate it greatly!
Powerful headline is a key factor for driving targeted traffic. Thank you so much.
Innovative strategy to deal with social media. Much Appreciated !
After doing a long time blogging without social media now, I am trying this field so each and every tip regarding social media is very important to me. And I am getting very positive results.
Thanks for this tip too. I will implement it.
Social signal is what Google and other search engines are looking for in this age. I hope you’d implement my tips.
hi michel…i really like your blog.i am working as a content writer in a company and i got to know many information about traffic generation to a single content..but michael i have a question related to content that in todays fast pace generation are article writing helps to drive huge traffic or effective in the world of internet marketing like it was before???
Article writing is still effective, but you must do it well. The traditional article marketing no longer works.
Your post really helped me to understand the Top 10 Ways to Drive More Traffic to a “SINGLE” Content It has great details and yet it is easy to understand. That’s what I was looking for. I will definitely share it with others.
If you meant what you just said, I appreciate your comment.
Some types of content are naturally more shareable than others. For example, infographics, in-depth tutorials, embeddable images and widgets, research reports, videos, and ebooks are all easily shareable. People like visual stimuli, so images are important to give your blog content a chance to be shared and linked to again and again.
You’re so right George. I appreciate your honest comment.
Hey Michael, thank you for those tips on web traffic generation. I really like the idea of giving value to your visitors and encouraging them to share your single post. That’s a great idea!
You’re awesome Sofiya. Thanks for supporting me.
Hi michael, you give me a right procces to drive more tarrfic I’m always reading your blog and each time, I find new tips thank you very much.
I have many pr1 blog URLS and read them all but yours is the best best.
Glad you liked the post and my blog.
I think that process should be a bit more straight forward. Throwing that much marketing efforts on a single article might be dangerous and total waste of time. Content – article, image or video might become viral or might not, it is always 50/50.
I think there is need to promote your single content and drive traffic to it. I don’t really agree in 50/50 per se.
I love your post bro.
I actually could have easily targeted driving content to specific posts, but you’re quite right – top blogs don’t accept any longer as they once used to accept.
I’ll try out this “twisted comment” strategy of yours; I want to see how it really goes in the end.
Give it a try and let me know what your experiences are. I appreciate your comment Agu.
Yes, with your tips, any hard working content marketer can drive traffic to a single post easily. Thank you so much Michael.
You’re most welcome Kumar. I like your comment a lot.
Thanks Michael for sharing with us this very useful information. And I also agree with Kuldeep. Your tips are of great help for driving traffic to the site. Certainly, in this cut throat competitive market , it is very essential to stand out of the crowd. And a unique,attractive & quality content or a comment can help to do so. I especially liked your twisted comments concept. Its really interesting and useful enough to drive high traffic.
Excellent post Michael. I like the style too, really makes it difficult to get bored while reading. Also, information written makes a lot of sense, especially supported with all these examples. To sum up, one of my favorites post actually, thank you for writing it.
Thank you very much Saanvi. Glad you benefited from the post. | 2019-04-24T04:05:35Z | http://www.contentmarketingup.com/drive-more-traffic/ |
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1 Then I saw the Lamb open one of the seven seals, and I heard one of the four living creatures call out, as with a voice of thunder, “Come!” 2 I looked, and there was a white horse! Its rider had a bow; a crown was given to him, and he came out conquering and to conquer.
3 When he opened the second seal, I heard the second living creature call out, “Come!” 4 And out came another horse, bright red; its rider was permitted to take peace from the earth, so that people would slaughter one another; and he was given a great sword.
7 When he opened the fourth seal, I heard the voice of the fourth living creature call out, “Come!” 8 I looked and there was a pale green horse! Its rider’s name was Death, and Hades followed with him; they were given authority over a fourth of the earth, to kill with sword, famine, and pestilence, and by the wild animals of the earth.
The series of seals, trumpets and bowl which begin in this chapter and run through chapter nineteen are the portions of Revelation that many people are captivated and sometimes repulsed by. This is also the portion of Revelation where interpretations will vary greatly. Sometimes familiarity with the language of scripture and the images of the culture of the time of Revelation can make certain interpretive options more likely for John’s initial audience but ultimately any attempt to restrict the highly symbolic image laden language of Revelation to one meaning betrays the lingering power of these images which continue to resonate two millennia later. As I proceed through these cycles of images I will present a reading that I find compelling and interesting, but I also am aware that my own reading will not agree with many other intelligent, informed and engaged interpreters.
Among these images the most famous is also the first. The four horses with their riders, commonly referred to as the four horsemen of the apocalypse, correspond to the initial four seals and are announced by the four living creatures around the throne. To begin looking at the four horses and their riders and the three seals that follows begins with a choice of how to approach the seals themselves. The seals are on a scroll written on the front and back, but ultimately unreadable until the scrolls are broken, and it is only the appearance of the Lion of Judah which is the sacrificed Lamb who is worthy (see the pivotal reversal of the previous chapter) which enables the seals to be opened. Do the seals themselves reveal the content of the scroll and are therefore a part of the judgment of God or are they merely preparations that enable us to be prepared to receive this judgment. One can argue for either perspective but following the image of a sealed scroll I read these as preparations to be able to understand what comes afterwards. Especially the first five seals represent in my reading a way of understanding the world to which the later judgements will be addressed. Even though there is a lot of interplay between what I am labeling three cycles as shown in the table below and there is a sense of progression in the narration from seal to trumpet to bowls there is also a cyclical nature where each series can illuminate a common idea in a different manner.
Another parallel to these initial seals is to the description can be seen in what is sometimes called the ‘little apocalypse’ in Mark 13 (and parallels in Matthew 24 and Luke 21).
The four horsemen of the apocalypse have proven to be a powerful visual image for artists, storytellers and has slipped into our language in surprising ways. John Gottman can adopt the four horsemen as a metaphor for four practices which, in his research, are the four primary predictors of divorce (criticism, defensiveness, contempt and stone walling). Gottman as a practicing Orthodox Jew was able to pull this metaphor from the cultural references to the horsemen. They have occupied the worlds of fiction and film, for example the Clint Eastwood movie Pale Rider is built around a resonance for the final rider on a ‘pale’ horse whose name is death and hell follows after him. Even within the world of video games in the Darksiders series you can play as War or Death (riders of the apocalypse) in a destroyed world that may not be theologically related to the world of the bible (other than involving angels and demons) but uses these brief descriptions as an imaginative starting point to construct a character and the world in which they unleash their destructive power in a search for redemption (in the first two games War and Death respectively are the protagonists). The artist and writers will continue to utilize the four horsemen as a source for their imaginative constructions both literarily and visually yet the challenge for the reader of scripture is to ponder how these briefly described figures emerging from the seals might help us to make sense of the world we encounter.
Interpretation of the horses and their riders ultimately rests with the first horse and rider and how they are viewed. While the riders and horses may draw inspiration from the horses that patrol the earth in Zechariah 1: 8-10 (red, sorrel and white) and the four chariots in Zechariah 6: 1-8 (red, black, white and dappled grey) which represent the four winds of heaven, ultimately the four horses and their riders form a new and powerful image of conquest, war, famine and death. Hearing the description of each seal I imagine John on the ground because he sees the horse emerge first and then only after looking at the horse is the rider observed and described. Yet, it will be the horse and the rider taken together with their complementary descriptions that will make the images as powerful as they remain.
I will strike your bow from your hand, and will make your arrows drop out of your right hand.
My best reading of this is that the white rider does represent conquest and that which parades as righteous but which Revelation will argue is demonic and within the progression of Revelation it will become clear that Rome is reflected by many of these images to the first hearers. As I mentioned the Roman legions did not use mounted bowmen at this point and yet the bow stands to distinguish the white horse here from Christ. Rome was the primary empire which built and sustained itself on wars of conquest. For me the seals reveal the world as it is for the hearers. Yet, the power of this and the other images of Revelation is the way they can typologically represent the experiences of multiple times. In many ways this rider which represents empire and conquest which often appears in the guise of righteousness but may truly be demonic should be an uncomfortable if poetic image to measure the powers and the actions of one’s time against. In my own context, in what ways does America masquerade as being righteous and benevolent and yet act in a way that models this rider rather than the crucified Lamb? Although he is referring to the image of the rider in Revelation 19, Miroslav Volf’s words resonate here as well. “We will believe in the Crucified, but we want to march with the Rider.” (Volf, 1996, p. 276) We may confess the crucified one who conquered through his suffering and death, but we may want to follow the strongman who conquers through military might.
While the second rider could be a force which destroys the Pax Romana and sends the nations into turmoil I read it as a revelation of what the Pax Romana really is, war under the guise of peace. In the Roman pantheon Mars is second only to Jupiter in his importance and is viewed in the mythic genealogy of Rome as the father of Romulus and Remus. War was a central part of the Roman identity, theirs was a peace through continual conquest both on the borders of the empire and against any forces of insurrection internally. Rome was a strongman who conquered by the spear and the sword. As Tacitus, a Roman senator and historian, could sarcastically remark, “pacem sine dubio…verum cruentam. Peace there was, without question, but a bloody one.” (Zanker, 1988, p. 187) Again, the question becomes for my own context to ask about the ways in which in America military might becomes worshipped instead of the crucified. Could some of our own struggles with issues around guns in America reflect a god more like Mars or more like the expected Lion than the Crucified Lamb.
A modern dystopic world built on a similar crisis is The Hunger Games novels written by Suzanne Collins. In the books the conquered districts send most of their resources into a capital district to finance their lavish lifestyles and appetites while the people in the districts deal with oppression, hunger and deprivation. In a world of trade which is based upon consumer demand and property and the resources of the world concentrate in economically stronger countries and regions this image of the black horse, its rider and the calling voice continues to provide a challenging image for the world in which we live. When the consumption of luxury goods (represented by oil and wine in Revelation) begins to crowd out the ability of subsistence farmers to grow the necessities for making the bread to feed the mouths of the world then we live in a world reflective of this horseman where securing the minimums for survival becomes a challenge for all but the wealthy. The society that the bible advocates for is one where every mouth is fed and the neighbor’s well being is provided for. Yet, throughout the history of Israel and the church this vision continually conflicts with the human instinct to hoard resources and to accumulate property, wealth and power. In Revelation 18 when Babylon (Rome) falls and the economic system that sustained it collapses it will be the merchants who brought the wealth of the earth to the capital who will shed tears and cry at the devastation of the city and their livelihood that was tied to this system.
The final horse emerges as a sickly green and its rider is Death personified. Just as the Romans could personify things like Victory or Peace into goddesses like Nike or Pax the Hebrew people personified Death and Hades as superhuman forces which have the power to grasp or consume people. The forces of conquest, war and an economy of trade and taxation have led finally to death. The promises of empire of prosperity and peace have been finally revealed as their opposite. Sword, famine, and disease is a common traditional list of ways in which death comes as a judgment (see for example 2 Chronicles 20:9; Jeremiah 14: 12; 21:7; Ezekiel 5:17; 6:11) and added to this is the threat of wild animals which enter the space of devastation and destruction in the aftermath of war and the loss of the protection of cities and communities.
For me the four horses and their riders provide a resonant image that continues to function today as a prophetic image to evaluate society by. When the forces of empire, military might and commercial commerce instead of promoting life for the entire society, and by extension the world, but instead become forces that are based upon war or economic exploitation then we mirror the horsemen and bring death instead of life. I believe that the horses and their riders point to the reality of the world as it is and that while they are not caused by God they are shown for what they are. Yet, even Death and Hades are ultimately subject to God and in Revelation 20 will be forced to surrender their captives before being sentenced to the lake of fire.
9 When he opened the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the souls of those who had been slaughtered for the word of God and for the testimony they had given; 10 they cried out with a loud voice, “Sovereign Lord, holy and true, how long will it be before you judge and avenge our blood on the inhabitants of the earth?” 11 They were each given a white robe and told to rest a little longer, until the number would be complete both of their fellow servants and of their brothers and sisters, who were soon to be killed as they themselves had been killed.
With the opening of the fifth seal we see yet another revelation of the way the world is in the death of those who are faithful witnesses. The death of these followers of Jesus may have seemed a meaningless loss to those on earth but here in Revelation their deaths are given meaning as a sacrifice lifted up to God. Yet, as this sacrifice is lifted up there is an expectation that God will act upon their sacrifice and the act as judge and avenger. Their cry is a familiar cry to the people of Israel, “how long?” They believe and trust that God will not let injustice continue indefinitely. God is a God who will act on behalf of the faithful.
This fifth seal reveals the position of the church at the beginning of Revelation, they continue to wait on God’s action. They do not take judgment into their own hands and act as revolutionaries. Their prayers go up, their lives may be offered up as faithful witnesses and yet action rests in God’s hands. God’s kingdom comes to earth in God’s time and not the time of the saints. Yet, they do receive a white robe to clothe their bodies in the resurrection. The image here is not of a disembodied soul, even though the word soul is used at the beginning of this description but the movement of the hope of Revelation and the early church is an embodied hope of resurrected bodies on earth rather than souls remaining in heaven.
Most translations introduce the word ‘number’ into verse eleven and this translation points to a number of witnesses that must die prior to God’s action, and while this tradition is based on other ancient sources it is not present in Revelation. Ultimately verse eleven points to the completion of the work of the witnesses. Their work is not yet complete. God exercises a costly divine patience so that the witnesses to the gospel might carry their message to the ends of the earth and that the nations may have an opportunity to repent. Even with the death and destruction of Revelation, God continues to exercise restraint providing the opportunity for all those who can be redeemed to be saved. Yet, God will not ultimately allow the forces of conquest, war, exploitation and death to reign. God will not remain indifferent as forces threaten the creation, but God will exercise a patience that is costly to the witnesses of the gospel. Much like in Jesus’ parable of wicked tenants (Mark 12: 1-12 and parallels) God continues to send the servants even as they are ridiculed, tortured and even killed in the hope that these tenants might change.
Wipe away all tears, for the dawn draws near and the world is about to turn.
In the following chapter we will see the sealed remnant of Israel and the countless multitude of the nations who are able to stand while the political and military leaders and the wealthy and powerful quiver and hide among the rocks. God’s wrath may be an uncomfortable image for those who live a comfortable and sheltered life. God’s justice may mean the upending of the systems of conquest, military power, economic exploitation and ultimately death that the wealthy and powerful have benefited from. As a military veteran who lives in suburban America and who benefits from many systems where I have privilege these are difficult words to listen to. These can be words of judgment and hope, or to use Lutheran language law and gospel. The prophetic challenge should force us to reexamine the lives that we live and the policies we advocate for, but the prophetic hope calls us to dream of what would happen when the world turns, when God’s kingdom comes and God’s will is done on earth as it is in heaven. The change may be uncomfortable and there will be those who would rather die than change. Yet, in Revelation God’s justice will not ultimately be thwarted and God’s desire to dwell among humanity will finally be realized.
This entry was posted in Biblical Reflections, Revelation and tagged book of Revelation, Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, Revelation, Revelation 6, Seven Seals. Bookmark the permalink. | 2019-04-24T00:35:47Z | https://signoftherose.org/2018/06/04/revelation-6-opening-the-seals/ |
Home » Bankrupt & Unemployed: Will a background check doom me?
Some years ago, in the midst of the skills crisis, a client in the fishing industry was looking for an Engineer with a Government Certificate who would also count for their Diversity stats and to make matters worse, for a factory based in the middle of nowhere on the West Coast. I worked on this job for eight months and no-one qualified was interested! I heard about an Engineer who had been fired from a well-known firm for allegedly taking part in pornographic activities while at work. Needless to say, he was in a situation where no other company or recruiter would touch him. Five references later, it turned out he was nailed for simply opening an attachment sent to him via email from outside the company, which was against company policy. This was due to complaints by certain managers that staff allegedly spent time on non-work related email, etc. Well, he was at the wrong place at the wrong time by the looks of it and every single colleague I spoke to assured me of his competence and good moral standards.
They met and the Engineer was hired!
Nick is right that you should anticipate it being a significant problem. I obviously would not apply for a job requiring a security clearance or driving a company vehicle.
On the other hand, utilizing Nicks other ideas about investigating companies to work for, you may consider focusing on smaller companies or find out if they even do background checks. Sometimes it is like being asked if you will submit to random drug tests. It sounds good but it costs money and time and that is something many HR departments have in short supply.
Again, Nick, rock solid advice.
I think this goes under the “things we’re not proud of” file and why background checks are dumb for your run of the mill jobs.
I’m running into this right now – I’ve been employed on and off over the past three years. Stupidly, I guess, I’ve used my retirement saving to get by. My husband and I are meeting with attorneys on Friday to check out bankruptcy options. It will cost me money I sincerely don’t have to file bankruptcy. I live in PA, where there is legislation currently pending to help people who’ve had credit issues exacerbated by the poor economy.
Check to see which state you are in, and where the legislation currently stands in your state.
Humans are imperfect beings. Corporations are even less perfect. Any company that can’t evaluate a candidate in a balanced way is delusional. That being said, a personal bankruptcy should not be an issue unless you are applying for a position that handles money until you can prove yourself.
@John Z: The “automated” candidate review process is costing employers good hires. While HR diddles the databases, good people move on and competitors are hiring them. In this case, background checks taken by themselves often are used to reject candidates. Employers might smirk at that and complain about “talent shortages,” but it doesn’t solve the problem for anyone. Jobs sit empty, and Congress blames poor education. I just don’t believe that 3.2 million vacant jobs are vacant because there aren’t enough “educated” and “qualified” hires among the 14.2 million unemployed.
@Dave: When is the last time you saw a job ad that said a job included training? This used to be very common. A company would hire at a bit of a discount on the salary, but include training and skills development. After a short time, it had a profitable worker who felt some loyalty. This had a very unusual name to it: “investment.” Companies used to do that with their “human resources.” Some still do. They’re the only ones worth talking to.
Hi, Nick. Outstanding advice once again. I’ve had clients with similar backgrounds, and have encouraged them to find and use references who will proactively reassure skittish employers.
I also recommend honesty. One client had two DUIs in his history, going back about three years. It didn’t come up until the interview, and he brought it up, explaining that it was in his past and what he’d done to overcome it.
Then he went further: he demonstrated by his past history what specific value he could bring to the company.
He got the job over people who were better qualified.
It can be very daunting to have something in your history that will work against you. A proactive approach and, if possible, a credible reference or two, combined with openness and a passion for doing the job, can make all the difference.
Good newsletter about the background checks relative to the hiring process. I’m even more interested now after reading John’s comments here, because I’ve had strong feelings myself the last two years since I graduated school and haven’t found anything near relative to my field. Going back to this newsletter, if your state of residency does not remove a DUI from your driving background, is there any time limit an employer would regard it as just an isolated incident? I received one eight years ago, and I don’t even know whether or not I should have a reference even vouch for my ethic if all or none of them can consider it in the past. Additionally, I have a terrible credit score as of the last year because since getting a four-year degree, I haven’t been granted a single wage or pay raise from any employer to pay any of them. I’m always open minded, and I try to look at everything from a multiplicity of angles, but my morale has me feeling similar to John on your comments blog. Things are so circumstantial and vague now that good applicants are judged on minuscule, picky, and irrelevant factors. If it is the way it is, and always will be, there already is a ton of people who are worthy of many of the positions they are applying for. It’s causing economic unrest from me over here, I can’t deny. I have worked very hard to look respectable enough on paper, and I know as the guy before I went back to school that I was capable of doing tasks an educated person could. Please do accept this as an inquiry attached to a bit of venting, as I have been very “GR” over possibilities and improbabilities of cause. Thanks.
Nick, thanks for another outstanding article and response. And thanks for listening to us re the video vs text. I watched your video, but it is oh so nice to have a transcript.
@Nick, John, and Dave: good question re why employers won’t take a chance on someone who has some or even most of the skills they require for a job but not all of them and train that person. And I’m with you re the use of background checks in most cases merely being another screening-out tool used by HR to justify their jobs but that does little for the company or agency. There are times when a background check is necessary, and that’s fine–I’m thinking of folks who need Top Secret security clearance because of the kind of job they’re doing. In my last job, I was interviewed by federal investigators for federal employees (military, in my cases) who who gotten a promotion or were moving to a new command and they needed Top Secret security clearance. In one case, the investigator made an appointment to meet me, then got lost in my building. The building was a labyrinth, but I had told him he’d never find my office and to give me a call when he got there and I’d come to the parking lot and get him. He was over 90 minutes late, and didn’t ask me too many questions–I was surprised, never having met with a federal investigator for this reason before and given the nature of the person he was investigating. Later it occurred to me that he probably had another appointment elsewhere and didn’t want to be late for 2 appointments that day. The student got the clearance. Another investigator for another student was much more thorough, explained the process to me, and it was very much like deposition and/or interrogatory. There were some questions I wasn’t able to answer because I didn’t have knowledge to answer, and that was fine–other investigators would get answers elsewhere, and this student also got the clearance.
But, at the job I had before my last job, the company started doing background checks and they had bought some kind of software or package that did it for them and was automated, so if HR entered the wrong SS# and wasn’t paying attention to the name and got a lackluster “report”, then they were so over that candidate and on to the next one. They didn’t double check, much less take the time to look at any “red flags” and the dates and figure out if it was worth asking the candidates about.
@John: I’m not even sure that a personal bankruptcy, especially these days, in this economy, is reason enough to automatically disqualify someone from a job even if the job entails handling finances for the company. I’d ask the candidate WHY s/he declared bankruptcy–it could be that the candidate is an honest, moral person who wouldn’t steal and the reason for the bankruptcy is an unexpected medical bill for a spouse’s cancer treatments, for a child’s serious health problem, or because the candidate or spouse lost a job, went through their savings and had no other options.
I’m with Nick on this one–the way to overcome the background check hurdle is to deal directly with hiring manager unless the hiring manager says to go through HR, or this is what HR wants. Then thank him for his time and ask him to remove your name for consideration. That kind of hiring manager is letting HR do his job for him, and we all know how good HR is doing that. And get someone else or a couple of someone elses to speak on your behalf, to write a letter of recommendation directly to the hiring manager (unless he’s HR’s lackey) to vouch for you, for your work ethic, for your abilities, and what you’ll bring to the company. Mom or your frat brothers or the guys you play basketball pickup games with, unless they work with you (I’d still leave off mom) are not good references. And if you get an interview, then address the issues to allay the concerns of the manager (Nick’s right–the manager has good reason to be concerned, but your job at the interview is to assure him those issues are in the past, that you’ve done x, y, and z to fix them) and then re-direct the manager to what you can do for the company. Don’t let him dwell on your warts, because that’s all he’ll remember. Address them honestly, then move on to the challenges the company has and what you’d do to be the solution to those challenges.
Nick, it is interesting that the standard in similar scenarios is rather different for professional athletes, actors and politicians.
American readers know the story about the football player, Michael Vick. He was convicted of dog fighting and other crimes, served jail time and lost lucrative endorsements. Yet Philadelphia took a chance on him despite a public relations backlash and when some thought Vick’s career was over. He produced a stellar season and was rewarded with a multi-year contract of $100 million.
I can’t ad much to the great advice already provided here. I would make one suggestion that the candidate consider self-employment if doors continue to close. Then he could rebuild his reputation without jumping through corporate hurdles and cultivate current references and/or testimonials.
After reading comments and thinking a bit more – it seems that background checks are another crutch for people who can’t gauge people’s talent/ability/experience/etc. as well as their own job/company. It seems that people who want this sort of thing can’t handle the truth, and are unwilling to understand the proper context – bad things happen to good people.
If the person shows me that they can do the job and show remorse, I’d kinda want them – shows me that they can overcome adversity.
I think that’s exactly the problem. Few employers know how to do this any more, and few bother. They want “automated” recruitment and hiring. Just look at the number of companies that rely on streams of “applicants” from job boards. Are managers really so busy that they can’t check out candidates by talking with them? Too busy to go out to industry events and actually recruit?
Pay your money, push the button, and sort the drek. That’s recruiting. Talent shortage, my A.
Please don’t miss part 2 of this post… Bankrupt & Unemployed: How to Say It.
How would you say it to an employer?
@Dave: I think so too, and I think it’s a cop-out.
Nick, there was a story on cable news recently as well as in fortune magazine about the “skills gap”, insinuating that employers are begging for employees but that people who apply aren’t qualified. Another cable news segment called it what you did–“talent shortage”. I wanted to throw up. Education does not necessarily prepare you for work, much less work in a specific job with a specific employer in a specific industry unless you go to trade/voc. school and become a licensed electrician or plumber.
I think employers don’t want to bother to train anyone anymore, and they certainly don’t seem to know how to interview candidates. Maybe hiring managers don’t know how to read and think critically and rather than jump to conclusions (which could be wrong) about why someone isn’t working (hello–his employer sent his job to India, or went under, or merged with another company and he got replaced) or why someone declared bankruptcy (could be because he didn’t qualify for health insurance due to a pre-existing condition and had huge medical bills).
The DUI is little harder, but if I were him, I’d admit to my own stupidity (I got drunk and drove and got caught. I was stupid. I have a record and it cost me–I lost my license for 3 months and had to attend classes. It was a hard lesson to learn but I learned it and I won’t make this kind of mistake again. I haven’t had a drink in a year. I’ve gotten my license back. I’m handling my stress by exercising or talking to my wife, not by drinking), then move on to what he can do for the company.
At my last job, I did admissions. I used to see this kind of thing but with poor grades. The applicants who ‘fessed up (I was young and stupid and away from home for the first time; I partied too much and studied too little and by the time I got my act together in my junior or senior year, it was too late to help my dismal GPA from my earlier years, but if you’ll look at my junior and senior year transcripts, you’ll see that I’m capable of doing well academically). The ones who whined or tried to dodge it or who thought it didn’t matter or that I didn’t read transcripts carefully and didn’t provide any explaination, well, then I could only speculate (and it was easy to be like the manager and see it as a red flag and assume the worst–you’ll be a liability for the program, sucking up time and resources and you’ll still flunk out).
How about management TRAINING folks in hiring and interviewing? What a concept….and then they wouldn’t have to rely on automated apps and background checks that weed out the good, talented candidates who happen not to be perfect.
In my mind, there is no such thing as a talent shortage. There are plenty of people out there that could come up to speed in a reasonable amount of time. Those that don’t aren’t worth hiring anyways. The only shortage is when you place extremely specific/niche experience, education, salary and industy requirements on job postings thus creating an artifical shortage. No one in charge of hiring can tell me that they can’t find anyone with a straight face with all the unemployment and underemployment these days.
I think part of the issue is that we set up people to fail. For example, we tell kids to stay in school, go to college, etc. but then we don’t continue to develop our young adults after the fact.
I think your answer to the DUI is spot on. I think employers need to be assured that your driking will not affect on the job performance.
One thing that ties into the 2nd part of this blog post as well. The person asking the question needs to show any future employer that he/she kept their skills sharp – whether by taking classes, doing side work, attending indusry group meetings/conferences, getting degrees/certifications, etc. This will help alliviate some fears that the potential employer has – i.e. that you sat around drinking for the last 2 years.
Nice to know that I’m not the only one who thinks the whole “talent/skills shortage” is bunk. Once upon a time, employers took the time to train new hires, expecting that it would take time for them to learn the job. Many jobs had a probationary period ranging from as little as a couple of weeks to as long as 90 days (and maybe some were even longer) in which the newbies were trained and managers watched and evaluated them. If they weren’t working out, then they were let go and no more time was invested in them. If they learned the job, then their hire became official.
You’re right–part of the problem is that we do set up people to fail if management doesn’t invest in training them but expects them to be like Athena and burst fully grown and armed (trained and able to do the job) from Zeus’ head (from day one). That doesn’t happen, even with experienced employees because standards and job duties may differ from employer to employer even in the same field.
I separate education (particularly college) from work because unless you’re in a vo-tech school or professional school (like pharmacy, nursing, medicine, law) your “education” is general and will not train you for a job. All education proves to an employer is that the young person can stick something out for 4 years and apply himself (assuming his GPA isn’t a 2.20) and therefore he can probably do the same in a work environment. Maybe we need to re-think this process–not every job requires a college degree (hello businesses–are you listening?). Maybe we need to go back to an apprentice system similar to what existed in the 18th century–you were apprenticed to a lawyer, a doctor, a baker, a tailor, etc. for x number of years where you worked with him and watched what he did and he taught you the job. For jobs that do require higher education, then those folks do need to go to college and graduate or professional school.
Yes, I too think that employers are relying far too much on technology. Or they’re writing job descriptions for their software that are far too narrow and are screening out their best applicants because they don’t meet one out of the 31 criteria, even if that one criterion is something that can be learned on the job.
I agree with you to an extent, but education does have it’s place, especially for young people or for those who need training of sorts. You have to start somewhere.
My sticking point is that the “big lie” is that we tell people “go to college” but then when people get out, we give them the run around of “you have no related real world work.” So, why are we encouraging people to go to college in the first place? It basically reduces your body of work to a simple check box or keyword.
Yes, it does, and yes, everyone needs to start somewhere. An employer will hopefully take a chance on a young person with no experience and give him or her that first job so s/he can get some experience. It is a classic chicken and egg dilemma–you can’t get a job without experience, and without a job you can’t get experience. That’s where my sticking point about training comes in–and it isn’t just for newbies, but even for older people who are changing employers.
I understand what you mean about the “big lie”, and I suppose that’s what I’m getting at too, but from another angle. And a corollary to the “big lie” is that a college education automatically translates to a high paying job immediately upon graduation. It doesn’t–when you do get that first post-college job, you have to start at the bottom and pay your dues. In my own experience, many 21 year olds still have a lot to learn, including what a work ethic means. You don’t get the corner office, a personal sec’y, and praise lavished upon you for merely showing up–you have to produce something of value to your employer. And that’s where I think the disconnect is–too many young people today get lavish praise for mediocre work (trophies given out to the 9th place finisher in a race so the “non-winners” don’t feel bad) and that just doesn’t happen in the work world.
At one time, an employer hiring a college graduate was assured of someone who proved s/he could stick with something (stuck out 4 years of college), was reasonably articulate, had some math skills, and had taken enough courses to know something of the world around him.
I think the world is changing again and due to the economic crisis many people are re-thinking college as most of us knew it–what’s the point of borrowing tens of thousands of dollars when there’s no guarantee that there will be a job that will allow you to pay back your loans or even a job period? People who want to go to college can cut costs by starting out at a community college, living at home, working part-time (if there are jobs), and transferring to a 4-year school. If there’s one close to home, they can continue to commute and save money. But college is also a place people make connections, meet and make lifelong friends, meet future spouses, etc.
I would just ask that employers seriously consider whether the job they need to fill actually requires a college degree or can it be done by a high school graduate and go from there. The reason so many opted for college, aside from those who knew that they wanted to be doctors, lawyers, pharmacists, teachers, veterinarians (because those folks need a college degree before they can go on to professional school) is because for a long time college was the ticket to a middle class life–a better job, the opportunity to make more money than your parents, etc. This economic recession/depression is showing that having a college degree is no longer that guarantee. Even in Nursing, which is a field that pays quite well for a 4 year degree, is letting nurses go and re-hiring them on a per diem basis–no benefits and no guarantee of steady work. A friend of mine is an engineer who had been doing gov’t contracting, and when that job ended, he got hired by a firm but later the firm eliminated his dept. He’s got more than 15 years of experience under his belt and is having a hard time finding an engineering job. He said he could flip burgers, but they wouldn’t hire him because he’s “over qualified” and it would drive him bonkers.
If employers are using a college degree or lack of one as another screening device (like background checks and software that allows you to use buzzwords and dates to screen out applicants), then you’re absolutely right–it DOES reduce your college work to a check box or keyword.
Please take a look at the qualifications and then what hours are and how few they are. Maybe a recent MLS graduate whose parents are still willing to pay his or her rent, food, car and car expenses, and more would take it, but any reference librarian who meets those skills will most likely want more hours and certainly not be stuck with the nights/weekends shift. That’s a lot of education and experience for not much of a job.
Yes, it reads that they will consider a MLS or MLIS student, but it seems to me that their preference is not to train anyone for the job.
This is what I think of when I see job postings that have so many qualifications that they screen out folks who don’t have them but could learn.
Completely agree that 21 year olds don’t know everything. Issue is – we’ve gone from one extreme to another – where companies would talk to graduates to they wouldn’t touch them with a 40 foot pole.
Regarding your job posting – yeah, don’t know much about librarians, but why would I want to work for them if I had a masters degree and only 15 hours/week?
@ Dave and Mary Beth -> I have a friend who’s a director in the hospitality industry and learned everything on the job without having to go to university/college.
Companies are now less willing to train their new hires and they’re also getting away with not providing training even when they are legally required to do so.
The unpaid internships that are so common now are illegal in the US unless the purpose of the internship is training. If the intern is doing the work of an employee then the law says the intern has to be paid.
@Thomas Bell: I’m not surprised. Many people can do the jobs provided that the employer is willing to train people and that people are willing to work hard and learn. Besides, most college degrees do not teach you how to do a particular job. You learn that from work.
@G: Internships are one of my pet peeves. I see them as free labor for the employer, and as often as not the student intern isn’t even learning the job. At my last job, I did admissions for my program. One of the most common questions (besides how many undergraduate classes would count towards the master’s degree) was how much academic credit they could get towards the degree from their internships, and how much of the required professional work experience we required that we would waive for them because they did an internship. It turned out that the majority (over 95%) of students who did internships didn’t actually learn anything–they picked up their bosses’ drycleaning, babysat his kids, walked his dogs, paid his bills, ran his errands, scheduled his doctors’ appointments, basically served as a nanny and secretary and didn’t learn anything about the industry they were supposed to be learning about. And they only interned for a couple of months maximum, which doesn’t even come close to the minimum number of years of professional work experience we required. I think it is appalling the way employers/bosses took and are taking advantage of students desperate for internships because not to do an internship is considered the kiss of death for undergraduates. And we were seeing another disparity–the disparity of social class, so if a student came from a wealthy or at least well-off enough background so dad could afford to pay rent, food, transportation, professional wardrobe while the student did an unpaid, full-time internship for the summer or part of the summer AND foot the student’s tuition, room & board, books, and other expenses for the upcoming academic year while another student from a poorer family couldn’t afford to do an internship because s/he had to work during the summer to pay for college, then the system is giving a distinct advantage to wealthier students who can afford to volunteer for a couple of months, schmooze, make connections, etc.
Great advice @Nick. First of all, the background check doesn’t meant to reject candidates rather it discloses whether the applicant is saying truth or not. So whatever you have, whether DUI or something else that may be a red flag you think, it’s better to mention it in your resume. After that, you try to defend it in the interview in some tricky way. Also show the employer how your good part or the skills would greatly benefit the company. A strong reference would help you a lot in this case. Apart from that, it’s better if you perform a self-background check; so that you can know about your red flags properly and try to rectify it before the employers come to know. | 2019-04-19T05:35:40Z | https://www.asktheheadhunter.com/4066/bankrupt-unemployed-will-a-background-check-doom-me |
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Founded on practical rationality, this qualitative case study aimed to explore the teaching practice at university, focusing on teacher's reflections and competencies. To this end, teaching practices were described, analyzed, and interpreted. These interactions with students on a course in the pharmacy program, brought about situations involving dilemmas and learning opportunities for problem-solving and decision-making skills. Throughout the study, students were encouraged to use knowledge-in-action, reflection-in-action, and reflection-on-action, and these processes were also experienced by the teacher. Analysis of the records from classroom observation and the interviews with students and the teacher showed the fundamental role of such reflective processes, which led to attainment of the intended objectives. In this sense, the teacher's reflective practice was essential for supporting the application of each curricular component of the course.
Key words: Teacher's practices. Reflective processes. Teacher's competencies. Case study.
Com base na racionalidade prática, este estudo de caso qualitativo objetivou explorar a prática docente universitária, focalizando a reflexão e as competências do professor. Para tanto, foram descritas, analisadas e interpretadas as práticas que, na interação com os alunos em uma disciplina do curso de farmácia, criassem situações dilemáticas e oportunidades de aprendizagem das habilidades de solução de problemas e tomada de decisão. Ao longo do estudo, os alunos foram estimulados a utilizar os processos de conhecimento-na-ação, reflexão-na-ação e reflexão-sobre-a-ação, que também foram vivenciados pelo professor. A análise dos registros de observação em sala de aula e de entrevistas com alunos e o professor evidenciou a importância desses processos reflexivos, que nortearam a consecução dos objetivos pretendidos. Nesse sentido, a reflexão docente sobre a própria prática foi fundamental para subsidiar a aplicação de cada componente curricular da disciplina.
Palavras chave: Práticas docentes. Processos reflexivos. Competências docentes. Estudo de caso.
Basado en la racionalidad práctica, este estudio de caso cualitativo objetivó averiguar la práctica docente universitaria, centrado en la reflexión y en las competencias del profesor. Para eso, hemos descrito, analizado e interpretado las prácticas docentes que, en la interacción con los alumnos de farmacia, criasem situaciones dilemáticas y oportunidades de enseñanza de las habilidades de solución de problemas y decisiones. A lo largo del estudio, los alumnos fueram estimulados a utilizar procesos de conocimiento-en-la-acción, reflexión-en-la-acción y reflexión-sobre-la-acción, también vividos por el profesor. El análisis de los registros de observación en clase y de entrevistas con alumnos y el profesor evidenció la importancia de esos procesos reflexivos, cuya conducción llevaron a lograr los objetivos. En este sentido, la reflexión docente sobre la propia práctica fue fundamental para subsidiar la aplicación de cada componente curricular de la asignatura.
Palabras clave: Prácticas docentes. Procesos reflexivos. Competencias docentes. Estudio de caso.
The present study describes the essence of the research developed for the doctoral thesis of one of the authors (Costa). Since the theoretical reference point used was reflective teaching practice, the text firstly presents remarks regarding the theory to illustrate the concepts worked on, and to place this study in its context. The study was developed within the scenario of higher education. Thus, the text starts with a comparison between technical rationality and practical rationality and describes what reflective practice is. The reflective processes are then presented, followed by a brief description of the postmodern scenario and its characteristics, which have brought new tasks and responsibilities for teachers. At the end of the introduction, reflective practices and teaching competencies are characterized. After introductory remarks, the text then presents the results from an investigative study: objectives, methodology, results, discussion and final remarks.
Modern higher-level education is sustained by positivist roots, in an epistemological form named technical rationality (Schön, 1983). This vision constitutes the basis for the traditional culture of university teachers. From this point of view, there is a clear separation between theory and practice: only after contact with scientifically proven truths (the so-called core facts) are students capable of applying the acquired knowledge (Pedroso and Cunha, 2008).
In investigating the relationship between types of knowledge that are respected in universities and types of competency that are valued in professional practice, Schön (1983) demonstrated that university institutions are committed to technical rationality, whereas professional practice requires a new epistemological form of practice: practical rationality. This is based on action and reflection together, in a process named reflective practice (Kinsella, 2006).
Through practical rationality, learning that does not disconnect reason (theory/knowledge) from action (practice) is proposed. This shows the importance of reflection within education. In this manner, in addition to theoretical knowledge, there is also knowledge that originates from practice itself, and this knowledge may be useful for reinventing wisdom, creating new techniques and reassessing practices (Alarcão, 1996). Therefore, there is constructivist value in practice, and this can be used to modify or improve the rules and processes evaluated by science (technical rationality).
According to Schön (1983, 1987), reflective practice is centered on three processes: knowledge-in-action, reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action. Knowledge-in-action is a type of knowledge that is not derived from any intellectual operation and is embedded within the action itself. Reflection-in-action is triggered in situations of doubt, when unexpected situations are encountered. Subsequently, after the action has been completed, it is possible to think about what happened and how the action was undertaken, in an evaluative process named reflection-on-action.
According to Schön, the focus is on professional practice, i.e. the ways in which professionals act in real situations and how they can be helped to develop their reflective processes through action by an educator: coaching. Within the context of the present study, the coaching system used by Schön for studying these processes (in general, one tutor per student) was adapted to Brazilian realities: the university teacher faced with a classroom of dozens of students (Faria, 2003; Cunha et al., 2001; Mezzaroba, 2000; Rozendo et al., 1999). Therefore, the focus was on the practices of university teachers, and the way in which their reflective processes influenced the curriculum structure and teaching in the classroom.
Over the last four decades of the 20th century, modern or industrial society witnessed the gradual appearance of so-called post-industrial, postmodern or information-based society. The availability of knowledge through the internet (Abreu and Nicolaci-da-Costa, 2003), together with the speed of information renewal in the postmodern era, has challenged the universality of knowledge that is postulated through positivist ideas. Thus, real problems increasingly present new, interactive, uncertain, polemical and polysemic characteristics, including in the field of pharmacy (Chaud, Gremião and Freitas, 2004), which is the focus of the present study. This picture contrasts with the curriculum structure prevailing in universities (Lima, Castro and Carvalho, 2000), insofar as the latter compartmentalizes and crystallizes knowledge into disciplines. Therefore, the situations that students will face make it imperative to learn how to adapt to new contexts (Ketzer, 2007; Tavares and Alarcão, 2001) and, consequently, how to structure and put in context problematic situations. In this way, there will be a greater possibility of clarifying the objectives to be achieved and selecting, from among the diversity of means, the most appropriate one for meeting these objectives.
In this light, teachers are tasked not only with transferring material content but also, especially, with providing their students with the skills to use and link knowledge, thus selecting and applying it correctly in order to solve the problem that is presented. Knowing how to solve problems is just one of the essential characteristics for entering the current job market, which also requires people who know how to communicate, make decisions and work in groups (Petit, Foriers and Rombaut, 2008a, 2008b). For students to attain these objectives, which requires them to develop complex capacities, such as problem-solving and acting in cooperation with other people, teachers need to develop competencies that allow them to plan and successfully apply the curriculum components. For example, this includes clearly defining the objectives, the material content to be explored and what should be excluded, and the methodological and evaluative strategies (Zabalza, 2004; Zabalza, 1998). For this, it is fundamental to maintain attitudes and habits of reflecting on classroom practice.
One of the main themes in postmodern education is reflective education (Sockman and Sharma, 2008; Cronin and Connolly, 2007; Gomes and Casagrande, 2002; Pereira, 1998), which places value on teaching practices that stimulate reflection by teachers themselves and by their students. Nonstop production of new information requires teachers and students to develop critical awareness (Freire, 1997) and learn to think and reflect on what has been learned and what has been done in practice. The reflective processes of knowledge-in-action, reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action are manifested by teachers (or tutors, as they were called by Schön, 1983) and by students, and they can be stimulated through facing situations of dilemmas. In the view of Zabalza (1994, p.61), dilemmas are "the entire set of bipolar or multipolar situations that are presented to teachers over the course of their professional activities". Such situations can be either bipolar or multipolar because, in the first case, a dilemma may present two clearly opposite choices, and in the second case, it may have a range of alternatives. Therefore, in day-to-day classroom activities, dilemmas are concrete situations characterized by a need for immediate decisions in unpredictable contexts like those of the classroom.
To accomplish reflective teaching, teachers need to have a set of knowledge and attitudes, such as an open mind, intellectual responsibility and enthusiasm (Marcelo García, 1992). They should also respect students' knowledge, accept new things, reject discrimination of any type, be humble and tolerant and demonstrate professional competency and commitment (Freire, 1997).
Competency is a polysemic term that is difficult to define (Lima, 2005; Perrenoud, 2001; Rios, 1999). However, there is a certain degree of consensus among authors that this term involves correct mobilization of cognitive, affective and, sometimes, psychomotor characteristics (Perrenoud, 2002). In this respect, Masetto (2003) indicated certain competencies that were considered to be specific for university teachers: i) up-to-date mastery of basic knowledge (through research) and practical experience within their field of activity; ii) mastery of various aspects of pedagogy; and iii) practice of teaching as a citizen and politician.
Reflective practices constitute prerequisites for university teachers to be able to develop certain competencies for (re)thinking the curriculum components of a discipline, thereby stimulating reflective processes in students and feeding their disposition to (re)evaluate their objectives, which will guide the other curriculum components. Thus, it can be understood that reflective practice avoids accommodation and stimulates frequent refinement of teaching activities. Nevertheless, some authors (Luz, 2008; Pimenta, 2002; Valadares, 2002; Campos and Pessoa, 1998) have criticized Donald Schön's theory of reflective practice, especially regarding the concept of "reflective teachers", as follows: i) Schön considered that reflection was an individual process (without taking into account reflections as collective activities); ii) as a corollary of the preceding criticism, Schön did not expand his theory to institutional conditions, and thus included little exploration of the social context of reflective activities; and iii) there was no discussion of the role of teachers' theory training.
The criticisms that have been pointed out are pertinent but, nonetheless, Schön's ideas regarding teaching have not lost their value. Oral and written reports on reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action are important for improving classroom practice, and they also enrich the production and dissemination of research. Furthermore, collective reflection among teachers is a question of habit and training in exchanging experiences through meetings, which may be the starting point for institutional changes. In addition, the issue of theory in teacher training is an integral part of the curriculum and focuses on aspects of the teacher-student relationship for teaching and learning.
This investigation explored teachers' actions through studying the role of reflection and the competencies needed for turning the curriculum of an academic discipline into a means for improving students' learning. More concretely, this study sought to describe the teaching practices and reflective processes associated with these practices that would strengthen the competencies needed for university teachers to delineate the curriculum structure from the teaching objectives, with the aim of maximizing their students' learning opportunities.
Given that the current requirements for teaching positions have kept on increasing (Vasconcellos, Oliveira and Berbel, 2006), focusing on differentiated teaching practices may enrich the discussion on better-quality university teaching. Thus, the aim of this study was to contribute towards reflections on the way in which teachers act in classrooms, through examining the reflective processes and competencies that guide teaching practices.
A qualitative case study strategy was used in this investigation (Bogdan and Biklen, 1994; Lüdke and André, 1986). This approach was chosen because it would supply data that would generate interpretations of greater significance than would the data obtained from quantitative studies. The latter would, for example, indicate good or poor performance, but would be incapable of providing interpretations that might reveal reasons for success or failure.
Given the proposed objectives, a teacher who would present indications of differentiated teaching practice was selected. The selection was made based on a meeting on teaching experiences that took place in a public university, within the pharmacy course. At this event, several teachers presented innovative actions that aimed to improve teaching and students' learning. Thus, it was possible to contact disciplines that valued reflection and critical thinking.
After selecting the teacher, his practices were described, analyzed and interpreted, In interactions with his students, this teacher was in the habit of creating situations involving dilemmas and opportunities for training in problem-solving and careful decision-making, by means of recording and observing the reflective processes of knowledge-in-action, reflection-n-action and reflection-on-action, which took place over the course of the activities that were monitored.
The teacher selected was giving classes in a professional training discipline to the penultimate year of the undergraduate pharmacy course. The data-gathering methods used were observation, document analysis and interview. The data gathering began with observations in the classroom between August and October 2000, totaling around 45 hours of observations. On all the days observed, the concrete ways in which activities were performed by the students were ascertained, and the activities that the teacher proposed and which could stimulate reflection were recorded. During the observation period, the students and the teacher were aware that the observer was monitoring the classes, but would not become involved in the activities (Minayo, 1999), in order that the observer would remain free to make written records. The study subjects were the teacher of the discipline and the 32 students enrolled in the discipline.
The document analysis consisted of examining the initial assessment questionnaires and a test-based exercise that the teacher proposed, for the students to gain some knowledge of what the final assessment would be like.
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the teacher of the discipline and with three students. The students were selected based on information supplied by their colleagues, of the type "he's a good student", and also based on classroom observations, to gain a perception of whether such students would be consistent sources of information. Selecting three individuals out of a total of 32 students is coherent with the qualitative approach, since this does not following sampling logic, which would be inadequate for covering all the relevant variables for the case under examination (Yin, 1994). Thus, the number of interviewees was compensated qualitatively by drawing up a list of questions that enabled in-depth responses because they were open questions.
The interview question list was drawn up to seek information from the students regarding teaching practices that made reflection easier or more difficult. The teacher was asked to provide the same information with the aim of data triangulation. The interviews were recorded on cassette tape and subsequently transcribed and confirmed by the subjects, to whom anonymity was guaranteed.
In the thematic analysis on the data (Minayo, 1999), the first step was to read the observation reports and interview transcripts in depth. Following this, selection of significant passages and creation of codes were started. These codes were drawn up based on the features that drew most attention over the course of the classroom observation, particularly the teaching techniques used and the dynamics of the students' and teacher's reflective processes. After the codes had been established (see Table 1), the next step was to group similar codes as topics (corresponding to curriculum components of the discipline) and then as categories (see Table 2), in order to then proceed with data interpretation in the light of the theoretical framework adopted, i.e. reflective education.
Although significant data were generated, the case study approach presents certain limitations. Some authors (Stake, 1995; Walker, 1988; Miles, 1979) have indicated that it has disadvantages such as the enormous cost in terms of time, money and personal effort. Furthermore, the ethical risks associated with qualitative research on education are considerable, since it involves people and thus always places privacy at risk. Traditionally, the positivists have indicated that there is a lack of rigor in such research, along with unpreparedness among researchers and subjective influences. However, these are fallacious and refutable arguments. The greatest concern in educational research is precisely the rigor relating to preparing and conducting the study, in order to maximize the validity of the conclusions. It should also be noted that subjectivity has been recognized as having a role of value: differing from common sense, it can be directed and seated in a rigorous attitude towards the research (Lüdke and André, 1986).
The reflective processes and teaching practices were analyzed and discussed in conjunction with the teaching competencies that were highlighted. In this manner, strategies that would provide the conditions for developing reflective processes among the students were planned and, at the same time, data that enabled inferences about the teacher's reflections were obtained.
In relation to the teaching objectives, the teacher affirmed that the discipline is a tool for: i) stimulation of reasoning and development of communication of ideas (oral and written); ii) practice of working in groups; iii) practice of social and citizen's roles as a professional; and selection of a problem and its context and proposal of possible solutions.
I think the aim is to show to students that there is a reality that they can [...] be part of, including as professionals, to modify and improve the environment. [...] their knowledge can turn them into transformers [...] people who need to have a solid opinion about a given subject, which will have an influence on public opinion, yes. I'd like to imagine that they will be in a position to be deciding things, working on decision-making processes to participate in municipal policies in the city where they come from or where they live. I think this is extremely important (Interview with teacher).
The teacher was concerned about the issue of scientific truth and the determinist manner in which information is transmitted. The greatest role of the discipline is to make students think (using the knowledge gained from basic disciplines) and reflect about scientific knowledge as something provisional and definitive. In his view, students coming from the university at which he was giving this course need to adopt an active stance, be opinion formers (Saupe et al., 2005) and know how to position themselves securely in relation to polemical issues, such as transgenic food, breakage or registration of patents etc. For this reason, students need to develop the capacity to think and demonstrate a critical sense: an ability for which there is little training in traditional school life.
The objectives raised by the teacher are significant, since they reveal a concern for learning through proposing reflection exercises and practical situations that simulate the reality of professional life that students will face. For this reason, some situations were created (Table 1, code 2) that would stimulate students to think about their future professional action: working in groups and stimulation for reflection through solving specific problems that simulated possible real situations, such as in discussing and solving test questions and in compiling a proposal based on financial support for a project relating to fermentation processes, directed towards the future mayor (in the year 2000, the time of data gathering for this study, there were elections for the mayor and city councilors).
In this category, establishment of bridges between the material content of the discipline and the professional world was highlighted. Thus, the teacher created situations that linked the material content presented with the realities of the profession (Table 1, code 4). For example, issues relating to patients and culturing of microorganisms, etc., were discussed. Day-to-day situations were used to illustrate the professional world (mega-mergers of food and pharmaceutical companies, microbe biodiversity and fermentation products). It was noticeable that the teacher was successful in transforming a technical subject (fermentation) into an agreeable and accessible topic for the students. What makes this even more surprising is that in Brazil, the pharmaceutical profession itself is still essentially technical in nature.
16:26 hours - The teacher circulated a small box among the students, containing fermentation products (moldy bread and cheese) and showed a set of substances and products (vinegar, wine, fructose, antibiotics, amino acids, vitamins, shampoos, Aji-no-motoÒ, DanoneÒ, OmoÒ, etc.) with a relationship with some form of fermentation and pharmaceutical technology (Aug 14, 2000 - classroom observation).
17:07 hours - O teacher showed a newspaper report (O Estado de São Paulo, June 27, 2000) about the purchase of NabiscoÒ by Philip MorrisÒ. Through this acquisition, Philip MorrisÒ became the second biggest food manufacturer in the world (the biggest is NestléÒ) (Aug 28, 2000 - classroom observation).
The main problem in our region in relation to effluent treatment is the vinasse, which today is under better control but used to leave a horrible smell in the air (Sep 5, 2000 - classroom observation).
16:39 hours - [In the evaluation]... there will be four problems that involve the topics we have visited. The problems may be interlinked, and the subjects may encompass data from other disciplines. [The teacher] emphasized that it was not for the students to get hold of old exercise books and study, but only to train themselves to look outwards: to other disciplines and the place where they lived, outside of the school (Sep 25, 2000 - classroom observation).
Here, it was shown which strategies or teaching methods were used and, fundamentally, how the teacher used these strategies. One widely used strategy was to form opposing groups to defend conflicting points of view, in polemical subjects like the right (or lack of right) to patent new species of microorganisms.
For example, the teacher tried to form opposing groups within the class, by asking about students' position in relation to a topic and asking them to justify their choice (Table 1, codes 3, 5 and 6). This strategy made it possible to improve their knowledge-in-action and learn to reflect-in-action, as well as providing training on decision-making. Some situations that stimulated the students to work in groups were also created (Table 1, code 7), as well as proposals for exercises that placed value on the capacity for written expression, which is a fundamental ability in professional training for any field of knowledge. In proposing activities for training in writing, the teacher stimulated the students' capacity to reflect-on-action. It needs to be emphasized that this process of reflection-on-action is not merely a memory exercise, but involves the intellectual operation of recollection with a purpose, which is to assess how the action was carried out and the way in which it could be improved next time (Table 1, code 10).
In the practical class, what we discussed most was how to do what he [the teacher] was proposing... Because he didn't say Do it this way', he said You have to do this; you'll discover how'. So, straightaway, everyone started to discuss what had to be done and how. Why it shouldn't be done one way but another way. Well, there was a whole series of questions and decisions to make... which I think was very important... Because this is how we are going to have to work from now on (Interview with a student).
The teacher's concern about not providing ready answers or recipes that would be valid in any situation (Masetto, 2004) but, rather, to stimulate exchanges of ideas between the students, so as to make them autonomous learners and independent thinkers, was evident.
In this category, the teacher's role of knowing the target public's characteristics and adapting the teaching practices to these characteristics was highlighted. From this point of view, the teacher took an ethical stance in that he respected and took into consideration individual differences between the students and sought to frame his evaluation based on this context, thereby placing value on each student's learning style. This teaching behavior contrasts directly with the technical rationality model, which denies the notion that students have different life histories. The model maintains that they experience, develop and incorporate their experiences, cultures and talents in a single manner.
3- You will already have heard about biotechnology through talks, speeches and various means of communication. Define biotechnology and describe its importance for humanity. / 5- You will soon be graduating as a pharmacist. What knowledge do you expect to acquire through the discipline of [name of this teacher's discipline] that might contribute towards your graduation? (Aug 14, 2000 - classroom observation/initial questionnaire).
The classes generally aroused a critical spirit. The teacher really liked to provoke our attention... But what aroused a critical spirit most for me was the test: an intelligent test, a difficult one; it wasn't at all easy... but it was a test that greatly aroused a critical spirit and made the students discuss it with each other: what it was all about, the process, everything... This type of test was very advantageous; I liked it a lot. In my opinion, this was the best part of the material (interview with a student).
The teacher said that it was impossible to ignore individual differences in small classes [he stressed that in large classes, it is much more difficult to give individual attention] (Aug 22, 2000 - classroom observation).
The teacher said that he deliberately let the students talk, provided that each of them handed in his own responses. He knew that they would call on him to answer their queries. In this way, he identified each student's weak points and was then, later on, able to provide reinforcement for those who still did not understand the subject Aug 28, 2000 - classroom observation).
I think that you're the one who has to create the experience. To decide how you are going to deal with a student who is used to being intelligent and having good marks, that is, he's intelligent in good marks. So you need to know what type of challenge he's going to make, or whether he will make any, or whether he will hide away; who he is. There's not much time for you to delve into this: as soon as clap eyes on a student, you have to know what kind of gem he is; you have to know right away, there's not much time. Firstly, you have to consider each of them to be a gem [...] you have to dig into them quickly; you have to find something to identify them, and this has to be something you feel in your skin, you know. Well, with time, you end up learning to do this. I think this is the great challenge (interview with the teacher).
In the teacher's view, the material content acquires a secondary nature (Pedroso and Cunha, 2008) and can vary according to how higher objectives are developed: "It's not a repetitive thing: every year is something completely new and different. For this reason, I'd say that the material content doesn't matter much: you're working on other factors" (interview with the teacher).
This study had the aim of exploring a case of differentiated teaching practice that highlighted the role of reflection and the competencies needed for university teachers to (re)think the curriculum organization for a discipline, in such a way as to maximize the opportunities for the students to learn how to solve problems and make decisions.
At different times, the results showed that the processes of reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action had fundamental roles, stimulated (and experienced) by the teacher. These made it possible to direct the curriculum towards achieving the intended objectives. In this respect, the work developed by Pedroso and Cunha (2008) in relation to a nutrition course needs to be highlighted. Their report on innovative teaching experiences brought out valuable information that reinforces many of the conclusions from the present study.
As discussed earlier, a crisis of paradigms is being experienced today within higher education (Masetto, 2004). Modern assumptions relating to stability of knowledge and the world of work have appeared and the perspectives for teacher training and action have changed (Pedroso and Cunha, 2008; Chaud, Gremião and Freitas, 2004; Tavares and Alarcão, 2001). Within this context of instability, individuals' reflections on their own practices form a fundamental condition for departing from the sphere of certainties provided by third parties to attain other levels (Zabalza, 1994), through considering reasoned decision-making, creative debate, learning that values mistakes and doubts (Ketzer, 2007), and the courage to propose new solutions. The best teachers are more aware of their practices, and this level of awareness depends on reflection on the complex process of teaching.
6) Teaching practice coherent with practical rationality: emphasis on the importance of theory linked to practice, and never dissociated from it; action supported and fed by theory, which is the essence of true praxis (action-reflection-action continuum).
Given the complexity of teaching practice characteristics and their likely impact on students' personal and professional training, it is hoped that this study will contribute towards placing value on teaching practices that result in better learning conditions for students.
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PEREIRA, E.M.A. Professor como pesquisador: o enfoque da pesquisa-ação na prática docente. In: GERALDI, C.M.G.; FIORENTINI, D.; PEREIRA, E.M.A. (Orgs.). Cartografias do trabalho docente: professor(a)-pesquisador(a). Campinas, SP: Mercado de Letras, 1998. p.153-81.
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* This study is the result from the doctoral thesis of Caetano da Costa, under supervision by Lisete D. R. Casagrande. It had scientific and financial support from Fapesp and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School at which it was conducted. The authors worked together at all stages of producing the manuscript. There were no conflicts of interest.
i Address: Avenida José Herbert Faleiros, 600, casa 20, CEP 14098-780, Ribeirão Preto-SP. Brasil. | 2019-04-19T11:01:37Z | http://socialsciences.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1414-32832010000100024&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=en |
Substantial completion of Everitt Laboratory and construction activities for the Siebel Center for Design at Illinois, the Bruce D. Nesbitt African American Cultural Center, the Illinois Street Residence Hall Dining Facility renovation and addition, Illinois Football Performance Center, and MCORE Project highlight the more than 50 capital improvement projects transforming the Urbana campus this summer.
The group of projects will also feature restroom remodels, HVAC enhancements, roof replacements, LED upgrades, and classroom and laboratory modernizations. Working with professional services consultants and campus stakeholders, F&S develops May-August construction phasing for campus facility and infrastructure projects when practical to minimize potential inconveniences for students, faculty, and staff.
Please see the project map and descriptions of the work below.
This project will include surface preparation and application of a waterproofing membrane on portions of the 2nd and 3rd levels of the North Campus Parking Deck.
This project shall replace existing exterior glazing and replace with low-E glazing.
The 235,000 GSF facility for the Electrical and Computer Engineering department will integrate instruction and research. This project is to reinforce structural steel members in the building for the future placement of a rooftop solar array.
AFMFA funding will be used to upgrade an elevator. The major areas of work include, but are not limited to, modernization of elevator cab and equipment; electrical power feeds and rewiring; HVAC upgrades for machine rooms; Plumbing work as required; and painting.
As one of four buildings in a multiple building life safety project, AFMFA student contributions will be used to replace the existing fire alarm system, with a new “addressable” fire alarm system.
Work will continue on the Grainger Engineering Breakthroughs Initiative, which is renovating the building to become the home for the Department of Bioengineering. During May and June, the site work and landscaping work will be completed. Construction fencing will be removed shortly thereafter and the area returned for campus use. The renewal of the facility includes the creation of 11,000 GSF of new research area and associated support space. Upgrades to the aging HVAC, plumbing, electrical, and life safety systems will be made. A new roof, widows, and doors will be installed and exterior masonry, concrete, and stone work will take place. For more information: http://everitt.illinois.edu.
Work to replace existing air handling units and provide new controls and connections to the campus chilled water loop. The project is being funded in part by AFMFA student contributions.
In July 2015, the Board of Trustees approved Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) identified and designed during the Investment Grade Audit for five College of Engineering buildings (Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Loomis Laboratory, Engineering Sciences Building, and Superconductivity Center). Energy Services Group, LLC was contracted as the ESCO. Construction on this approximately $41M project began in January 2016 with substantial completion of the entire project expected by July 2018 (Work on the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory is substantially complete). More information is available at: http://www.fs.illinois.edu/services/utilities-energy/energy-conservation/energy-performance-contracting.
The project will replace the existing roof on the seven-story building including the elevator penthouse. The work will include replacement of insulation required to meet the building code and include base flashing, edge flashing, edge metal trim and other accessories necessary for making this a complete and water tight roof replacement.
This project will renovate to upgrade existing restrooms on the 3rd floor of the building.
During the construction of the new Illinois Street Residence Hall dining facility, temporary dining and kitchen facilities will be constructed at the Illini Union using the existing ballroom, the Colonial Room and Room 104 for dining areas, along with kitchen and support facilities on the lower level and first and second floors. Additionally, the existing loading dock on the northeast corner of the building will be removed and replaced with a wider loading ramp and dock that ties into the MCORE improvements made to the front of the Illini Union and Green Street in 2017.
Existing exterior windows and doors, including window treatments, will be removed and replaced in the Colonial Room, Room 104, Corridor C100C, and the ballroom.
Nearly 17,000 GSF of vacated library space will be updated for future instruction and advisement needs. Work includes interior demolition, new partitions and finishes, mechanical infrastructure upgrades for heating and cooling/air quality, and electrical updates to support power and tele data. The new roof top Air Handling Unit has been installed with startup and testing will beginning in May. Substantial completion with all commissioning activities will be complete in early July.
The project includes increasing the facility’s dining space by more nearly 36,000 GSF to serve 1,179 residents as well as visitors. The dining building will also provide meeting, group study, recreational, lab, and library space. http://www.housing.illinois.edu/News/ISR-Construction. Construction activities for the new dining facility are anticipated to last two years. During this time, dining services for ISR residents will be provided at the Illini Union (See the Illini Union – Dining Services project).
The roof will be replaced on the residential building, connector buildings, and the lobby.
Brick pavers, grout, setting bed, and waterproof membrane will be replaced down to the concrete structured deck. A new drainage system will address water runoff.
More than 5,000 GSF of second-floor space formerly used by the Speech-Language Pathology Clinic will be renovated into research laboratories, a large meeting/conference room, and office space to address growth in faculty numbers. On the first floor, the project includes restroom modernizations and the repurposing of 1,700 GSF for administrative offices, a reception area, and instructional space. The work also includes an elevator upgrade and AHU replacement.
AFMFA funding will be used to upgrade three elevators. The major areas of work include, but are not limited to, modernization of elevator cab and equipment; electrical power feeds and rewiring; HVAC upgrades for machine rooms; Plumbing work as required; and painting.
The existing slate roof will be replaced with a new slate roof matching the original slate material. The project is being funded by AFMFA student contributions.
The west wing of Noyes Laboratory will be renovated to create flexible learning classrooms. Additional work includes remodeled restrooms, new windows and exterior doors, life safety upgrades, and the replacement of window air conditioning with new HVAC units to the campus chilled water system.
The Carle Illinois College of Medicine will renovate two existing laboratories for a new laboratory space; to house four cadaver stations and an equipment process room for cleaning and sterilizing instruments and equipment. Each cadaver station will accommodate eight students and be equipped with video monitors, overhead surgery exam lights, overhead video cameras and a cadaver dissection table.
This project included the addition of seminar-style teaching space, a smaller classroom, and renovations to the building’s main entrance. Accessibility will be improved with the construction of new toilets and support spaces for the additions. Updates to the outdoor terrace also are included.
As one of four buildings in a multiple building life safety project; AFMFA student contributions will be used to upgrade the fire alarm system and the automatic fire suppression system.
A fire suppression system, fire alarms, emergency lighting, and exit signage will be upgraded.
This is the second phase of an infrastructure and life safety project. The majority of the work performed during the summer will be interior renovation work. Exterior work twill include a new water service and new electrical service, as well as an emergency generator and electrical transformer installation. The corner of Mathews Avenue and Nevada Street will be busy with construction activities for both Smith Hall and the Bruce Nesbit African American Cultural Center projects.
Construction will continue on a new two-and-a-half-story building, which will include offices, a conference room, kitchen, music/dance room, computer lab, and social gathering space. A project web cam and more information is available at https://oiir.illinois.edu/bnaacc/new-bnaacc-project.
The project will replace an existing, exterior exposed wood egress stairway from the third floor with exterior steel stairs. The new configuration will also capture a new egress route out of the second floor and discharge both floors onto grade at the rear of the building.
The Music Building roof replacement project includes permanent masonry replacement/ repair on upper sections of the elevator tower, the replacement of all flat roofs, and the addition of roof insulation to meet current energy codes. The project is being funded in part with AFMFA student contributions.
The existing slate roof will be replaced with a new slate roof matching the original slate material. The project is part of auxiliary facilities system repair and restoration.
Air and moisture infiltration deficiencies will be remedied in addition to installing a new AHU. Damaged walls, surface repairs, painting, ceilings, flooring, lighting, and Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) door hardware and signage also will be addressed. The project is being funded in part with AFMFA fees.
The work includes new sprinklers and the replacement of replace non-rated doors and hardware.
Two chillers will be replaced, and piping and electrical lines will be reconfigured.
AFMFA funding will be used to upgrade two elevators. The major areas of work include, but are not limited to, modernization of elevator cab and equipment; electrical power feeds and rewiring; HVAC upgrades for machine rooms; Plumbing work as required; and painting.
Work will continue on building infrastructure renovations. This phase includes mechanical and electrical systems updates. The project is being funded by AFMFA student contributions.
Removal of the 1968 link and the pool building will be complete in preparation for new construction starting in the fall. Air handling units have begun installation in the attic space of the Pool Building.
The project will upgrade interior finishes, furnishings, replacement and limited audio-visual equipment and electrical infrastructure in this lecture hall in May.
A fire suppression system, fire alarms, emergency lighting, and exit signage will be upgraded in the Armory, Huff Hall, and Foellinger Auditorium.
A building addition will be constructed on the existing green roof area west of existing fourth floor offices.
The flooring replacement project will extend the checkerboard pattern flooring into the library, replacing the brown battleship linoleum.
The project will upgrade interior finishes, furnishings, limited modification of existing lower risers for tiered seating, replacement & upgrade of limited audio-visual equipment and electrical infrastructure.
AFMFA funding will be used to replace or upgrade elevators. The major areas of work include, but are not limited to, modernization of elevator cab and equipment; electrical power feeds and rewiring; HVAC upgrades for machine rooms; Plumbing work as required; and painting.
The Turner Hall Classroom Renovation project will renovate selected existing building areas within the facility to provide state of the art instructional laboratories and classrooms for the study of soils and crops. The north annex exterior courtyard will be enclosed to make an atrium lounge and gathering area. Life safety, Deferred Maintenance, and HVAC improvements will be provided in these areas as well.
This project will include surface preparation and application of a waterproofing membrane on portions of the ramps and the 3rd level of the Lot F29 Parking Deck at the corner of Dorner and Gregory Drives.
This project shall upgrade the south entry drive with new pedestrian and vehicular friendly paver plaza. New landscaping and exterior window painting will accompany improvements.
The project will replace the carpet in the Colonnades Room on the 3rd floor, media areas on the 8th floor, the suites and working booths on the 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th floors. The work will also extend to smaller rooms, entrances, and bathrooms within the premium seating areas. Seating removal and re-installation will be required to replace the carpet in the suites.
Masonry repairs and restoration continued with work of the west parapet walls of the stadium.
The project includes replacement of HVAC piping, upgrade of the building exhaust system, and replacement of the kitchen ventilation and exhaust system components.
Update theatrical light in addition to a lighting control board allowing all of the building lighting to function as one cohesive unit.
Replace existing tennis scoreboard, networked with individual court scoreboards, and handheld receivers. New software and control panels will also be replaced in order to work with a new display system. Sufficient power will be added and a control room/closet will be added for new equipment.
The project will replace the existing lighting in the playing areas with new high efficiency LED lighting to meet the Big Ten conference requirements for event lighting.
This project will remove the existing turf and grass areas at the infield along with the base lines and behind home plate, and replace them with artificial turn that will provide wear resistance and durability.
The project will replace the existing main lighting with LED lights in the large putting/chipping area and smaller surrounding rooms. This would include the product and installation.
The College of Veterinary Medicine will construct a new radiation treatment suite, and vault to house a new linear accelerator radiation unit and contain the radiation The construction is necessary to update the teaching hospital’s radiation treatment program.
This project will transform rooms E-186 through E-196 into a new pharmacy. The renovated space will address new regulatory requirements regarding sterile compounding and handling of hazardous drugs, which go into effect in July 2018.
As one of four buildings in a multiple building life safety project, AFMFA student contributions will be used to upgrade the fire alarm system and install a new building-wide automatic fire suppression system.
The third phase of the Green Street Streetscape project focuses on the portion of Green Street from Fourth Street to Neil Street. Work started on the west half of the intersection of First Street at Green Street. First Street traffic will be limited to one-way southbound between Healey Street and Daniel Street. Businesses are open during construction and access to properties will be maintained via alternative routes. A map depicting general timing of the project phases is available on the City of Champaign’s website.
Road improvements will occur on Pennsylvania Avenue from Fourth Street to just past Sixth Street. The project includes full street reconstruction, sidewalk improvements & curb ramp/ADA improvements.
PM Response (Kelly Jo Hoffmann): This project shall resurface and restripe the parking lot, install LED lighting, an install 1 ADA stall in Lot F25 north of the Large Animal Clinic.
The project will provide a new permanent location for the 2009 Solar Decathlon House which will be located from its prior temporary location near the I Hotel to a new permanent site adjacent to the EGBI Farm Shed complex on South Race Street in Urbana.
The work will refine the Allerton master plan design for an expanded roadway from old timber up to the mansion This upgrade will allow guests to drop off luggage and other guests through use of a circular drive. There will also be a connection to the existing parking lot so that after arrival and check in, guests will be able to move their vehicles into the parking lot. Pedestrian and ADA access will be enhanced with new walkways and improvements to the ADA parking lot to the northwest of the mansion. The main roadway will receive new pedestrian lighting and landscaping and he existing main parking lot will be improved with a new connection to the new entry road. | 2019-04-24T10:41:45Z | http://www.fs.illinois.edu/projects/capital-projects |
Q: What makes Pauline's European Skin Care so special?
A: I have been serving Riverside for almost 30 years. I am fully licensed and insured as required by the city and state-- so you know that I am extensively trained in my field. You can feel safe in the fact that I am experienced and knowledgeable. I pride myself on cleanliness, precision, professionalism and customer service. I use the same high-quality skin care lines in my back-bar as I sell out you (with exception, of course, to professional grade products that cannot be sold to anyone other than skin care professionals) so your results will be consistent. My linens are changed after every client, tools/floors/equipment are sanitized for your safety. For those that are familiar with going to nail salons, spas, hair salons and other such places-- you know how important this is.
Additionally, I make it my mission to assist you with any of your skin care and waxing needs so that you are happy with your purchases and visits. I do more than just preform facials-- I teach proper skin care and prescribe products that are uniquely chosen for your specific skin type. I care about my customers and provide only the best for them!
Q: Do I take walk-in appointments?
A: Of course I do. HoIver, while I do accept walk-in and last minute appointments, I do not always guarantee their availability. It is strongly encouraged to make an appointment ahead of time in order to get the time and date that works the best with your schedule.
Q: Do I have evening appointments available?
A: My hours and days are different than those that I used to work when I was at European Skin Care, and different than my current location, The Beauty Hospital.
Q: Do I offer gift certificates?
A: Yes. Please contact the Beauty Hospital for more information on this.
Q: "Why should I pay more here when I can pay less elsewhere?"
What I can tell you is that I know what I can do in terms of facials, waxing, holistic services and more. I am Ill-trained, fully licensed and consistent-- you will not get a different skin care specialist or massage therapist every time you come in. When you come for a facial, you get results and you gain skin care knowledge that will last you a lifetime. I don't just give you the facial, waxing or a holistic service you want and send you out the door without another word. I care for my clients.
I are punctual, fair and you get your money's worth. I am knowledgeable, boast training from more than one institution, have excellent ratings online and can proudly say that some of the best in Beverly Hills Ire even trained by me. I know our products are top-quality and fairly priced-- and extremely effective. I know I are clean, professional and have maintained our level of excellent service, results and customer care for over 30 years. So the question you should be asking is: why haven't you come to me before now? You won't be disappointed.
Q: What time should you show up for your appointment?
A: It is highly recommended that you leave your home/work/etc. earlier than you think you need to-- especially if you are travelling via freeway. This is in consideration for traffic, accidents, Iather and other unexpected occurances. I ask frequent clients to arrive a few minutes early so that they can use the restroom if necessary (there's nothing more disruptive than having to get up and use the restroom in the middle of a facial or massage session!) breathe, relax and unwind before entering into their service-- if they are especially early, they may enjoy a cup of tea or a glass of cold water while they wait. If you are a new client, I advise you arrive 10-15 minutes for both the same reasons as frequent clients and also to fill out any consultation forms and to familiarize yourself with your surroundings.
If you are a new client and you have not filled out the new client information form, please arrive 10-15 minutes prior to your scheduled time. This is a mandatory form that is required for both the safety of the customer and for the specialist and may not be skipped or filled out after the appointment. It is in your best interest to allow time to fill it out so that it does not cut into your session time.
If you are late I will do my best to accomodate you and provide for you the time you have booked. I try to provide a 5-10 minute grace period from the start of appointment time-- no appointments will be a priority after the 10 minute grace period. The reason being that if I have customers arriving directly after you and they arrive on time for their appointment, it is unfair to cut their time short. You may still recieve all aspects of your requested service (in the case of a facial, you will still recieve the full cleansing, steaming, exfoliation and so on, with the full effects they entail) but it may not be nearly as relaxing or enjoyable or with as many extractions as you would have liked. Please, be courteous and respectful to other customers and employees and show up early.
Q: "Will you call me and remind me of my appointment the day before?"
A: I provide this service as a courtesy-- but I do not guarantee it. Please be mindful of appointments you schedule and be careful to rely on me to remind you-- just in case I do not have time to remind you or are otherwise unable to reach you.
Q: What forms of payment do I take?
A: We take Cash, Visa, Mastarcard, AmEx, and discover. I do not accept out-of-state checks, nor do I accept personal checks.
Q: "I was told you have a 24-hour cancellation policy-- what does this mean?"
A: This means that I require 24-hours notice if you wish to move or cancel the appointment. You must call and either leave a message or talk to a customer service representative to do so. Failure to abide by this policy incurs the cost of the full service that was booked. This fee will be applied to your account and the fee will need to be paid in order to continue any further services with us.
As a courtesy, I try to call or text our clients to remind them of their appointments the day before-- but this is not a mandatory practice. It is ultimately the client's responsiblity to be courteous and notify us if they cannot make it.
Q: Why do I have a 24-hour Cancellation Policy?
A: To be honest, I dislike enforcing this as much as my clients dislike hearing it. HoIver, this is entirely in consideration of our customers and our employees. For my customers who wish to come in, have specific needs or are desperate for an appointment, but are placed on a wait list due to lack of available appointments that day, it is a loss to them. Reflectively, if a client does not show up for their appointment, then I do not get paid and if I am unable to fill that slot immediately, I lose the opportunity altogether.
While occasional cancellations and no-shows are to be expected in businesses, there has been an alarming amount within recent years to the point where it becomes difficult to keep working and severely impacts my ability to stay in business. While I understand that emergencies and accidents do happen, and am sympathetic to them, repeated offenses become detrimental to my lively hood. Therefore, I ask that you remain courteous and respectful to me and hopeful customers and give us 24-hour notice of any cancellations.
Q: "What should I Iar to my appointment?"
A: You should come comfortably dressed and ready to relax, regardless of the service you are recieving.
"Is there anything I should know before I come in for a service?"
A: You should know exactly where I am if you have not been to my new location before: I am located in the Beauty Hospital on Magnolia Avenue in Riverside, California.
If you are expecting a walk-in appointment, please be aware that one is not guaranteed to be available. Make sure to tell me ahead of time if you have any special needs, allergies or sensitivities so that accommodations may be made and products free of any allergens you are sensitive to may be set out ahead of time.
Q: "I've never had a facial before-- what can I expect?"
A: Firstly, you should know what changes (if any) that you want to see. Some seek a more youthful glow, while others are concerned with acne, large pores, dark spots-- to name a few. Take a close look at your skin and let your skin care professional know exactly what you are looking for so that they have a better idea as to what facial to suggest. Because everyone's skin is unique, your esthetician will ask you several questions that may not seem relevent-- but there's a lot that goes into skin care, including what you eat. This helps me to determine the root of any problems you may have and can effect what facial I choose for you.
Facials can be a relaxing, pampering experience, but when preformed by a true professional esthetician, they can be effective too! All of the facials I offer start out with a gentle cleansing, mild peeling, steaming and exfoliation to better prepare the skin to accept subsequent care. I individually assess each client's skin and choose the appropriate products for them from my back bar to suit their needs. If requested, extractions are preformed in such a way that the skin is not damaged (please see "What Are Extractions?" in the FAQ). When the facial is concluded, proper masks are used to close up the pores, calm down any irritations and folloId up with proper moisturizers (appropriate to your skin type).
Q: "Do men get facials?"
A: Of course. In fact, you'd be surprised how many of my clients are men. Even men get milia, blackheads, acne, and wrinkles-- all the same skin troubles as women. Sometimes their skin can be tougher, but that's not a problem for me-- proper skin care should be a necessity for everyone! Beards and stubble are not a problem, but please avoid shaving at least 2 days before your appointment as the friction of shaving can make the skin overly sensitive to peels, exfoliation or fruit acids.
Q: "How old does someone have to be to have a facial?"
A: I generally like to say at least 12 if there are acne issues that must be addressed. If it is for general maintanence or just for fun, 10 or older is recommended-- regardless, if they are under 18, they must be accompanied by a parent or legal guardian.
Rest assured I will work with your young one to help them gain a better understanding of how to take care of their skin. Unfortunately, because even youth facials take the same amount of time, effort and product as that of an adult, the price is the same for everyone.
Q: "Do you do acne facials?"
A: Yes. I ask for the client to fill out an additional 2-page form (which can be requested and filled out ahead of time) that asks more in-depth questions than our standard short intake form. It inquires about your diet, how you cleanse your face, what your habits are, etc. This helps me to gain a better understanding of why you are breaking out and assists us in finding a solution for you.
Acne facials are preformed just as standard facials (with steaming and deep cleansing) but may require more extractions and sometimes more than one visit. I do not like to overtraumatize the skin, especially if it is a young client.
I go over proper skin care techniques with the client, so that proper care is being done at home in addition to the professional skin care treatments they recieve here. I will offer samples of products that will help to clear up the problem and product regimen discounts for future purchase.
Proper skin care knowledge is a valuable thing to have, especially at a young age, to prevent (and/or reverse) scarring, hyperpigmentation and more. It is my goal to achieve a solution to your acne topically so that some prescriptions may not be necessary.
A: Please note: these should never be preformed by anyone other than a professional-- even 'picking' (squeezing, scratching or popping of pimples) at home can permanently damage the skin! Extractions are the removal of stubborn debris trapped in the pores that cannot be removed through cleansing or exfoliation. This includes deep black heads, white heads or milia (harder deposits that results in bumps under the skin that never seem to go away). While these can be a momentary discomfort, it's important to keep in mind that these are done upon request only-- but almost everyone needs extractions at some point! Each esthetician prefers their own method, but I prefer to do extractions in such a way that will not harm or damage the skin. Afterwards, a special combination of peels, masks, serums and other professional methods are used to close the pores back up again to avoid further debris from getting in. When done correctly, this evens the skin tone, can significantly tighten pores and smooth the skin.
Please note, hoIver, that extractions (especially when done on sensitive skin) may leave small red marks behind-- but these disappear within a day or two. So it is not advised to get them right before a special event-- but make sure to book another appointment for later if they are especially needed.
Q: "What is a peel?"
A: There is a common misconception in the industry that the word 'peel' is synonymous with 'makes my face look raspberry red and horrible'. This is due to the appearance of people who have only recently recieved medical grade chemical peels, or a peel that was preformed incorectly. This isn't the same for every peel! I use mostly mild peels that derive from fruit acids (such as apples, citrus oils, sugar cane and other such sources) that will not harm the skin in any way, nor will they leave the skin 'raspberry red' or peeling dramatically. Even my glycolic peels are preformed mildly at first to assess the skin's tolerance for it before proceeding to a higher concentration-- while effective, it will not harm the skin. In fact, peels are highly effective for deeply cleaning the pores, gently exfoliating off dead skin, evening out the skin tone, addressing scarring and acne issues and more! Rest assured that with most of my peels, hardly any visible skin peeling is visible-- the products work their magic, but in a gentler manner.
The only exception to this is the All Natural Original Deep Herbal Green Peel, which is never done on first time clients. This unique treatment (proven effective for over 50 years) peels naturally from the bottom up, rather than the top down, like conventional peels, will not harm the skin in any way and uses all natural herbs as opposed to harsh chemicals-- you can read more about it HERE).
Q: "Are all facials the same?"
A: Absolutely not! The effectiveness and quality of a facial can vary widely from business to business. In a random nail salon/spa/beauty parlor, if the esthetician unlicensed, is inexperienced, using low- to medium-grade products in their back bar, or is poor skin care practices, your facial could be quite unpleasant if not totally ineffective. We've all had at least one horrible experience with at least one bad experience within the beauty industry-- but just as I can have bad experiences, some can be very good! It is very important that you investigate any location that you have your eyes set on-- pay close attention to reviews online, their reputation via word of mouth and take a look at the physical location to see if it is what you are looking for.
I pride myself on an excellent reputation. I use the same high-quality of European skin care products in my back bar as I sell you as a take home product-- so you know the quality is excellent. I am always professional, licensed, trained and experienced. I take great care to keep any tools and equipment clean, sanitary and in good repair as to offer you the best facial services possible.
While I offer a basic 'no-frills' facial-- the European Facial-- I also offer a wide variety of facials that achieve different things. For example, my Champagne & Caviar Facial is for evening the skin tone, lifting, firming and plumping the skin-- a great service right before a special event or just because! If fading dark spots is your goal, I offer glycolic, pumpkin or vitamin c facials. There are a lot of options available-- let me help you discover what your skin is craving. Because most of our facials (with a few exceptions) take around the same amount of time, I let our first-time clients know that they can simply book a facial without deciding immediately what kind of facial they want. I'll be happy to help you: I'll ask you a series of questions and have you fill out a general intake form which will allow us to discover what type of results you are looking for. I'll lead you in the right direction from there.
Q: "What makes Pauline's European Skin Care facials so special?"
A: I believe that what you do at home after a facial is just as important as the facial itself-- I often teach proper homecare regimens in conjunction with our facials so that when you go home, you don't undo all the work the facial just did. Many spas may not provide this information, preferring instead to simply do the service requested and send you on your way-- that's not my attitude! I want you to be fully satisfied with your decision to come to me, so I will make sure to provide you with the information, samples and products required to maintain your great looking skin at home betIen treatments.
And believe me, there is a significant difference betIen a facial you get from elsewhere and the facial you will recieve from me. I have gained extensive skin care knowledge across the course of my career, learning techniques from around the world (with a special focus on German and European techniques). I'm even a certified trainer for the world renown Schrammek Original Deep Herbal Green Peel-- a title held by skin care experts that have gone through rigerous training from the company itself and have the proper experience to back it up. This knowledge allows me to expertly assess your unique skin type and find the proper facials, skin care products and remedies to achieve your skin care goals.
Q: "What facial do you recommend I get?"
A: This is possibly one of the most common questions I get, especially over the phone and the ansIr is not as simple as you expect. I do not offer instant assessments because the skin is more complicated than a simple glance can derive. For example, acne can be a result of hormones, diet, poor skin care, lack of hydration, or a comibination of things-- to name a few! It is nearly impossible for me to accurately prescribe a facial for you-- especially over the phone! What I do advise my clients is to make either a free consultation appointment (which takes about 15-minutes) or an hour facial appointment (most of our facials take an hour-- you do not need to decide immediately which one) so that I can give you the most professional opinion possible. My preference, of course, is that you make an hour facial appointment which allows me to remove any debris or make-up off the surface of the skin and view your skin under a mag-lite to see exactly what issues you want to address.
Whichever option you choose, you will be asked to fill out at least one consultation form, so it is advisable that you arrive 5-10 minutes early for your appointment so that you may take your time ansIring any written questions and any verbal questions I may have for you. Because your skin is special and unique, I wish to provide you with a fully customized facial appropriate to your needs.
Q:"Do I need a facial?"
A: In my opinion, everyone should experience a professional facial at least once in their lives, if not only to enjoy it as a pampering and relaxing experience, but to at least gain valuable skin care knowledge. In my experience, most new clients learn at least one thing each time they visit me-- be it proper skin care techniques or a broader understanding of professional versus generic skin care products. Overall, a facial can be a great experience and whether it is relaxation you seek or to clear away a skin issue, you will not walk away unsatisified.
Q: "How often do I need a facial?"
This is mainly dependent on each person's wants and needs. Ideally, I recommend most of my clients to get a facial at least every 4-6 Ieks for maintanence. If they are trying to achieve something specific, like clearer skin or the fading dark spots (hyper pigmentation) for example, I may recommend a series close together (a treatment or facial every 1-2 Ieks) to clear away the problem, then every 4-6 Ieks once the problem is clear.
Q: "I have sensitive skin, should I avoid facials?"
A: No. In fact, sometimes facials can help calm your skin down, assuming you're as sensitive as you think you are. Across the years I have heard the same mantra 'I have sensitive skin'-- what I've learned most often to be the truth is in a sense you do have sensitive skin-- you're sensitive to poor quality ingredients in drug-store brand skin care and/or you're sensitive to products that aren't appropriate for your skin type. In the end, I find that using high-quality products--like the ones I sell-- and using products that are more appropriate to your unique skin type results in a skin that is, in fact, not as sensitive as you'd think.
If you are hesitant, it's understandable-- but I encourage you to give me a try. BetIen years of experience and great products that have excellent reputations, I have had astonishing results. I accept product returns if you are not satisfied with your purchase, but I rarely have returns!
Q: "I got brow waxing once from a random salon and it made me break out."
A: I don't always know the conditions of the 'other spa' you Int to-- your resulting break out could be a result of wax that is contaminated, low-quality wax, wax that is not temperature controlled, improper techniques or more. Or you could simply be sensitive to waxing in general-- I don't know. What I do know is that I use only high-quality swiss honey wax (for normal skin) and blue azulene wax (for sensitive skin). I am careful about not contaminating my wax, using a new stick each time to avoid 'double dipping' at all costs. My techniques are meant to avoid skin and follicle trauma at all costs-- and methods that help to immediately calm the skin to avoid further discomfort. I rarely recieve complaints complaining of break outs-- my advice is to give me a try before you decide to never try waxing again. You may be surprised at the difference.
A: It can sting for a few seconds, yes. It can be more uncomfortable if the hair is especially long or too short, or if it is your first time having it done. The more often you get waxing, the more likely your sensitivity to it (if any) will eventually subside.
The only exception to this rule is if you are using a strong professional products or medically prescribed acne medications (such as glycolic, Epiduo, Retin-A or anything else internal or external--like antibiotics-- that may cause sensitivity in your skin-- the warnings in your prescription should warn you if there will be any, so check with your doctor if you are unsure). I do not do facial waxing if this is the case-- you must stop using any skin care products at least 3 days before I can do facial waxing because I do not wish to cause undue stress to the skin.
Q: "Is there anything I should know before doing face or body waxing?"
A: For all types of waxing, it is important to know that a minimum of 1/4" of growth (2-3 Ieks minimum for most) is required in order for us to provide you with the longest lasting and most effective waxing service possible.
Q: "How long will it take for hair to grow after getting waxed?"
A: This is usually different for each person. It depends on how long you let the hair grow out before letting it get waxed, how fast your hair grows in general and how often you wax it. For most, a brow wax can last for 4-6 Ieks, but for some whose hair grows much faster, it may only last 2-3 Ieks. My best advice is to get the waxing done and moniter for yourself how long it takes for your hair to grow-- this is a decent scale for about how long you should go betIen waxings. After a customer has been waxing the same area for a long period of time, the hair growth may slow eventually and they will sometimes have to come in less often.
If you are waxing before a big event or trip I recommend that you gauge the time correctly and plan ahead-- if you have sensitive skin, wax a few days ahead of time (or hoIver long it takes for any redness to subside). If you are not sensitive (which most are not), then schedule your waxing for the day before your event or trip.
Q: "I am on prescription medications for my acne-- can I still get a facial?"
A:Yes. HoIver, if you are taking/using anything that causes sensitivity (this is up to your discretion and whatever it says on your prescriptions under 'side effects'), I recommend you stop at least 2-3 days before you come in to see us so that I can effectively serve you.
In fact, it may be very beneficial to you to inform your doctor that you will be visiting me-- I have worked in conjunction with doctors in special cases where prescriptions Ire absolutely necessary. This is, of course, entirely up to you and your doctor to decide.
Q: "Can I still have a facial if I am pregnant?"
A:Yes. But as always, if you have any concerns, it is always important to check with your doctor first. I will not do any chemical peels or treatments that could remotely cause harm to your baby, nor will I suggest any products that fall under the same category. You and your baby's health is my first concern.
Q: "What products do you use?"
A: I use mostly European products (primarily German and French) that have a proven history. These products are proven effective across a long period of time, rigorous tests to determine effectiveness, stability, quality and more. They are not animal tested. They contain a high-quality of ingredients that cannot be found in over-the-counter products or drugstore brands and are difficult to find in department stores. They are not sold online by the companies because it is preferred that they be created and sold in small batches to ensure their quality and freshness. We carry: Biodgora / Biodroga MD, Dr. Grandel / Phyris, Dr. Christine Schrammek (including the Original Blemish Balm and the Original All-Natural Deep Herbal Green Peel-- both boasting over 50 years of success), DerModality / Head 2 Toe, Le Mieux and Arabesque (to name a few). We use the same brand and quality of products in our back-bars for facials to keep results consistant.
Q: "Aren't your products the same as anything I get at any other store?"
A: No! The products I use here are primarily European, where a concentration on ingredient quality, product effectiveness, unique skin types and combinations are more focused on than traditinal US brands. Additionally, European and Asian products are made in much smaller batches than some of the larger companies, so it is easier to ensure freshness and deliver immediate results versus large companies that focus on quantity over quality-- this results in a product that contains higher amounts of the ingredients that are designed to do what the product says it's supposed to do.
In most cases, when you purchase a professional product, someone who has been using/selling/working with that product for years and has proper skin care knowledge is the one selling it to you because professional products aren't sold in a standard store-- they're sold only to professionals. When it comes to over-the-counter skin care products, you are at the mercy of the often vague description, someone who knows little to nothing about skin types/skin care and more. Skin types such as 'oily/combination', 'normal/dry' appear on over-the-counter products-- they lean towards the 'one size fits all' mentality. Meanwhile, professional products are more specific, observing that just because you're dry, doesn't mean you'll use the same skin care products as everyone else with dry skin.
Additionally, professional skin care products tend to contain a few (or none at all) synthetic fragrances, colors or dyes-- these types of ingredients increase your chance to have a reaction or sensitivity. Many of my lines also avoid petroleum bases, mineral oils and other poor quality oils that tend to be quite common in drugstore brands. Concerned about animal testing? The brands I carry don't do that. Over the counter products, however, are not so strict on this type of testing.
The products I carry (Biodroga, Dr. Grandel, Phyris, Schrammek, Dermodality, Le Mieux) are established, fairly priced and cannot be bought over the counter for many of the reasons listed above. They are professional, small batch, controlled and extensively researched, meticulously created and held to the highest standards. Rest assured that each product has been used by a member of our staff at least once-- I do not sell anything I do not know anything about, that I have not thouroughly tested ourselves and does not show results as promised by its label. I offer a 30-day money back return policy-- if you don't like it, bring it back immediately and I will return the amount to you in the same form it was purchased in.
Q: "I use a product from one of the companies you carry, but don't see it on the shelf."
A: That's no problem-- if you are using a product from Biodroga , Biodroga MD , Dr. Grandel , Phyris , H2T Dermodality , Le Mieux , Schrammek or any other company I order, but don't see it on my shelves, I can order it for you if it hasn't been discontinued. Please give us a week to recieve it and I will call you as soon as it arrives.
Q: "I am moving and/or won't be able to get in to get my skin products from you."
Luckily, I can ship your product to you! We know that when you find a product you love, it can be hard (if not impossible) to find something to match it-- so don't! Simply call us up and I will assist you any way I can.
Q: "Are your products animal tested?"
A: No. As mentioned before, the majority of my products are European. Animal testing on finished products was banned in Europe (officially) on September 2003 (though the beauty industry there had phased animal testing out long before that), cosmetics since 2009 and even the sale of animal tested products in Europe is illegal (since 2013). Additionally, even the sale of cosmetic products containing ingredients tested on animals Ire also banned. According to EU law "Cosmetic product manufacturers may refer to the fact that no animal tests have been carried out only if they and their suppliers have not carried out or commissioned any animal tests on the finished cosmetic product, or its prototype, or any of the ingredients contained in it, or used any ingredients that have been tested on animals by others for the purpose of developing new cosmetic products". You will not see the "no animal testing" indication on your product (which is common in the US) simply because the law in the EU doesn't allow it-- Regulation (EU) 655/2013 "prohibit claims that indicate mere compliance with legal requirements. Since the ban on animal testing applies equally to all cosmetic products on the EU market, it would appear that claims relating to avoidance of animal testing would not be permitted. That law covers claims in the form of text, trademarks, pictures and figurative or other signs". The companies I get my products from have been around a long time, some boasting establishment dates that go back over 50 years and have abstained from animal testing for either the majority, or all, of their existence.
Q: "When do my products expire?"
A: Because my skin care products are European, they adhere to different standards than the US, so you will not see the same type of expiration types. You will see a batch number, which can be tracked by the company to determine when the product was made.
What makes my products different from US products is that my products are made in small batches by the company in the EU, shipped in small batches directly to the distributer in the US who orders only as much as they expect to sell within the month-- the products are kept in temperature controlled storage spaces. This means the product doesn't sit on their shelves for long and are not subjected to extreme temperatures. The distributor sends the product to me, which I recieve (usually) within a week-- and that product rarely sits on the shelf for more than a month-- most are gone within a week. This assures my customers that from the time the product was made, to the time it gets to them is a short trip. In the 30 years I have been open, returns for expiration reasons have been extremely rare. As I maintain a 30-day return policy, you can also rest assured that if there is ever an issue with your product, you can return it within the 30 days to exchange it, recieve your money back or I can credit your account for the amount owed to you and you can use it towards different products and/or services.
Whether it's before or after you open it, you should keep your skin care products and cosmetics in a cool, dark place, while avoiding extreme temperatures and direct sunlight. If you have jars, it is advised to use a clean spatula to scoop creams out to avoid contamination of your product-- this will give your product its maximum shelf life. You should never keep a product for over a year.
Q: "I'm unsure about purchasing a recommended product--what if I don't like it?"
A: To be honest, I rarely get returns; I first give samples to determine if the product suits you and for you to decide whether or not you like it, or I send samples with you when you purchase a product for the first time. Because of this, my customers know they like the product before they buy it-- no reason to return a product you love! So if you are purchasing a skin care or cosmetic product for the first time, ask for a sample first and I will provide one (if one is available).
Still want to return it? Good news, I have a 30-day return policy. If there is something wrong with the product, you decide you want something else, or simply wish to return it, you can exchange it (for something of equal value), get your money back (in the form of which you paid), or recieve store credit for use on services with me. You must have your original reciept, however-- so don't lose it!
Q: "Aren't all-natural and/or orgainc products better for you?"
A: To be truthful, this is a touchy subject. But I often offer our clients the shortest of explanations: coal tar and cyanide are all-natural, they can even be organic, but you wouldn't put them on your face, would you? That's to say, don't fall for the 'good' label before you know what's really going on.
In recent years, the trends of 'healthy', 'good for you', 'organic' and 'all-natural' have risen to epic levels in the skin care community-- but not because of its effectiveness. Unfortunately, human perception is often skewed by the media, unsubstantiated claims (especially those masquerading as 'legitimate studies'). Even more, the media often hypes the dangers of common ingredients in skin care, while neglecting to mention that there are different refinement processes that can render said ingredient harmless or dangerous, different molecule sizes that decide whether or not that ingredient can penetrate deeply enough to cause harm, and stay quiet on the extensive amount of effort that goes into producing safe and effective products and equally silent when the claims that Ire made by John Doe about the dangers of certain ingredients retracts his statement when the claims are unsubstantiated. Credibility is often lacking, supporting studies are often fabricated and so on-- with the 'healthy' craze sIeping the nation, it is difficult to see through the sea of labels that say 'low fat', 'all-natural', 'organic' or 'heart healthy' to see the truth-- sometimes 'good' labels hide dirty secrets. Additionally, the standards that apply to organic foods are not the same when it comes to organic skin care which are no where near as strictly regulated. When it comes to food, buying organic is great-- but there are different rules in the skin care world. Organic and all-natural doesn't always mean it's safe.
There are stories to be found online from people who have clung to the organic/natural rule for years and stopped suddenly due to a severe bacterial infection that could have led to their deaths-- all because these products didn't contain anything to keep bacteria at bay. Without preservatives (like parabens, which coincidentally are also in blueberries, making them technically 'all-natural'...) your creams are also rendered ineffective much more quickly than those with preservatives. It's an interesting divide.
People hear the word 'chemical' and shriek-- but did you know that most plants,fruits and vegetables-- especially those commonly used in all-natural and organic skin care-- have naturally occurring chemicals in them? It's all about the dosage. It's the same with standard skin care products. So how to do you decide what to use? Both organic/all-natural and professional skin care products have their advantages and disadvantages and it's important that you check labels to determine which product is going to do what you want while not containing too much of this or that. But don't toss a product away because of the hype media has placed on one of its ingredients-- do your research if you are truly concerned. Look into both sides of the argument and decide which is the most convincing, which has years of research to back it up instead of simply 'claims', 'mights' and 'potentials'.
In the end, it is entirely up to you to decide which route to take. I offer all-natural alternatives, if that is your preference. It is my passion to make sure that every customer is satisfied with their purchase or service.
Q: "I'm nervous about buying product. It doesn't always work for me."
A:I understand this totally-- but to be completely honest, while I accept returns, I don't often have any. This is because I offer samples for you to try before you purchase anything to make sure you like the product (and that it works for you) before you buy anything. I customize skin care regimens per client for their unique skin types, so you'll find our recommendations may be quite different from other recommendations you've had in the past from other salons.
Q: "Do you price match?"
A:No. This is because my products are never sold online. In fact, some of the companies are quite adament about not endorsing this type of sale. I have heard many complaints from different people who bought a spoiled product they found online us. Why was the product spoiled? Because many of the products you see that mirror mine are either not legitimate (imitations or bottles filled with another product all together), used as a tester then sold as a retail item (so it is half full) or are purchased at a low price from a closing salon (or a salon that's already closed). You are taking a risk in purchasing products of this nature online-- I hear too many tales of spoiled shipments, seperated product, damaged bottles, ineffective ingredients or irreplaceable purchases. I cannot help you with these and neither can the company itself-- they were purchased without proper licensing and therefore are not covered under anyone's policies.
If you are going commit to purchase a professional grade product, make sure to purchase it from a verified retailer to gurantee accuracy, freshness and quality. I have told my clients before: if you seek results with skin care, you must work with me-- or I cannot help you.
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OUR FINE PRODUCTS The same high quality products I sell are used in all of our services! We carry only the finest products, shipped straight from Germany that use the best ingrediants to satisfy all skin types! Some of my Ill known product lines include Biodroga, Schrammek, Dr. Grandel, Phyris and more! Go HERE to view the product lines I carry and what you can expect from them! | 2019-04-23T12:02:54Z | http://europeanskincenter.com/faq.html |
Adrian Șter is a Partner at the Wolf Theiss Bucharest office since 2016 and the coordinator of the Competition & Antitrust Practice Group. His experience in relation to competition Law matters extends over ten years, having been admitted to the Bucharest Bar in 2006. His education includes a Bachelor’s Degree in Law from the Babeș-Bolyai University (BBU), but also an LL. B at the Nottingham University and a Master’s Degree with Merit on European Law at the University College of London. He is also a frequent author and co-author of articles in leading local and international publications on competition law matters.
Lawyr.it: To begin with, can you tell us a few things about yourself, how did you get here and how did you get to practice Law?
A.S.: I never really saw myself as doing anything else but Law, with the only potential alternative being economics. It is difficult to say why – there were no other lawyers in my family, so it was not a case of taking after a close relative, and it was a matter of personal choice, not anything that was imposed upon me.
Lawyr.it: We know that you have a Master’s Degree in European Law that you took in the United Kingdom. How beneficial was it to you?
A.S.: My LL.M was obviously important since it took my theoretical preparation to a different level but, having taken my LL.B in the UK as well, I would probably say that the LL.B was more important in the grand scheme of things, in the sense that, had I not taken the LL.B., I would not have done the LL.M. If I were to advise anyone, I would suggest they take the LL.M after a few years of practice, if possible, to allow them to better understand the matter from a practical perspective.
Lawyr.it: Do you feel like there is a substantial difference between an LL.B and an LL.M? Do you think that you need to be more knowledgeable to get the most out of an LL.M program?
A.S.: I do not believe that an LL.M is more difficult per se than an LL.B – they are both different things, posing different challenges. You do not have to be smarter to take an LL.M, but since the subjects are dealt with at a more in-depth level, a practical experience serves you well. Finally, for me it was completely worth it taking the LL.M full-time and not part-time or via distance learning, even though that may not be feasible for everybody.
Lawyr.it: Is there such a difference between a full-time Master’s and a distance learning one?
A.S.: I am inclined to say yes because you are not being exposed to the same academic environment. When you are there (i.e. at a university), you are doing what the rest of the students are doing; the challenges are more frequent and they require continuous engagement. On the other hand, if you are not studying there, you have maybe three weekends when you must go to the university, every lesson is very condensed and there is an even greater deal of individual study. In other words, even if you can benefit from the lecturers' expertise, you cannot do it as much as you would do it if you were there daily, going to every course and seminar.
Lawyr.it: How did you manage to get into the Competition & Antitrust area and what do you find appealing about it?
A.S.: The first time I ‘made contact’ with Competition Law at a high level was at the Nottingham University. I started with what was being taught at the lectures and then I began reading additional stuff on my own, realising that it was an interesting and very much still evolving branch of the law, which was one of the factors which drew me to it. Compared to, say, Civil Law, there is not a lot of doctrine written and there are not many ‘sacred’ things which you cannot argue against. Finally, Competition law requires a blend of legal and economic approach which I find fascinating.
Lawyr.it: Do you think there is a type of lawyer of person that is better suited for Competition Law? Do you feel like there are some sort of traits and characteristics that one should have to work in this field?
A.S.: I do not think there is a type in terms of personality. I have encountered introverts that were great in this field, but I have also met extroverts who were amazing. What I do believe should characterise a competition lawyer is a constant curiosity and a willingness to understand more because after all, the lawyer is supposed to understand the client’s needs, not the other way around; and to do that, you must learn a lot about his business. This is, in theory, true about every branch of the law, but it is certainly less relevant in, let's say, contract-based litigation than it is in Competition law. Insofar as Competition law is concerned, you cannot talk about a specific sector without understanding it first. There is a great correlation between competition regulations, sectorial regulations – the ones which apply to that specific field –, and the economic incentive which is involved in the activity of all the active entities in that field; and the lawyer must know them all.
For instance, the pharmaceutical sector and the energy sector have specific regulations, so the competition rules which apply to these two sectors differ significantly. Insofar as the pharmaceutical sector is concerned, you must understand why a distributor has a certain interest, why the producer has a somewhat opposing interest, what should be the sectorial regulations, and what is supposed to be the position of the Competition Council, and you cannot do that without understanding the sector. Every time there is a regulatory proposal coming up in a certain field, you can see some of the players on the market taking a certain position and you will never understand why they are acting that way unless you understand the sector first.
Lawyr.it: Do you think that a diverse educational background, both domestic and abroad, made you want to work in a big Law firm such as Wolf Theiss?
A.S.: Not necessarily so. The market for business law services in Romania is mature enough to allow for a couple of different approaches. As a general rule, a bigger law firm, unlike a smaller one, can give you the possibility to further specialise yourself, with exceptions proving the rule, of course. Finally, it did not play a role in my choosing an international law firm at the expense of a domestic one – indeed, I have spent more than half of my career in Romanian law firms.
Lawyr.it: Related to that last question, why do you think that most Law students and graduates are inclined towards big Law firms and not smaller ones? How can you explain this trend?
A.S.: I do believe that the material component must be taken into account here, which has a great value in a decision, where we like it or not. At one point you need a steady income and large law firms may be in a better position to provide a graduate with such an income. Secondly, looking from the outside in, it may seem to them that the activity of a larger law firm is way more interesting and, for lack of a better word, glamorous; you are involved in transactions that have a certain visibility and impact on the market, you have access to things you could not have had in a smaller firm and the list goes on. And thirdly, I feel like people realise that they can learn more in a big law firm because there are more people there from whom they can learn. In theory, a trainee would be exposed to more branches of Law and at a higher level in a bigger firm than in a smaller one or at an individual practice; sure, they might manage to go through everything at a smaller firm or at an individual practice, but at a much lower level and intensity. But then again, the exceptions prove the rule; there are some amazingly talented lawyers that work in individual practices.
Lawyr.it: How would you explain the switches a lawyer makes between firms during his career? How can you explain that they seem so usual in a market that seems so stoic? Is it about money, possibilities for advancement, both or is it something else entirely?
A.S.: I do not think there is a universal answer to this question. The answer is different from one case to another and there are a few factors that must be taken into consideration. Firstly, the money matters, but it is not the defining factor in most cases. How well you communicate with your co-workers, what are your career opportunities, is there an investment made in your development, do you receive the professional exposure you desire, those factors all matter and I would say that the more senior you are the more they matter. However, I do not see it as unfortunate that people switch work places more often; I see it as a sign of a mature market and a sign that there is enough choice out there for lawyers. Even so, I do not think that it is an easy decision for anyone – not the firm, nor the lawyer – or a decision that should be made from one day to another.
Lawyr.it: From your experience, how hard is it for a successful lawyer to manage the time working for a client, while also having their own free time?
A.S.: It is a matter of efficiency, prioritisation, and decision-making. I like to say that we, as lawyers, work half our time with people and the other half with paper. And most of the time, you can put the papers down anytime you like. In other words, if that means that I need to leave by 6 PM to get home to see my kids and stay with them until they go to bed, I will do that and I will finish whatever I need to finish afterwards or the next morning. This is one of the great things that come with the fact that we can work remotely as lawyers, that we do not need to be physically present at the office all the time. Solutions can be found.
Lawyr.it: What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of those extremes (i.e. someone who is too dedicated to their job against someone who is not dedicated at all)? Do you think that someone can also be a good lawyer while being that way?
A.S.: Disadvantages to being too dedicated would be that you are way too emotionally involved in things you do not have control over and that is affecting you in case of unfavourable results. Things do not always depend on your involvement and sometimes – though not very often - there is nothing you could have done better. At some point, if you are too involved, you might take a bad result personally even though you did your job. In addition to that, of course that the life outside the office will suffer too.
On the other hand, no one can deny that in a big law firm you must be always available; I do not think that you are ever truly ‘out of reach’. There are almost always things that pop up that require your immediate attention, even if you are on vacation. If you are not sufficiently involved, at some point someone will notice that and the collaboration between you and the law firm will probably suffer. After all, it (the collaboration) needs to be something that satisfies both the lawyer and the firm.
I would find it difficult in either of those extremes. It would be tough without the balance and the fulfilment that my family gives me, but I could not do without the professional part either, it would also frustrate me. I do believe that there is a place between these two extremes, that you can be a ‘successful’ lawyer, however you define that, living between them.
Lawyr.it: What can you tell us about how hard it is to become a partner at a big Law firm and what does it take to get there?
A.S.: Again, I do not know if there is a one size fits all approach. Obviously, you need to be good at what you do, but after that, I think the circumstances differ for every partner because this position covers a wide range of abilities which differ, to some extent, from law firm to law firm, so there is no 'standard' partner. There are some partners that are amazing professionals, really exceptional lawyers, but who do not stand out on the human interaction or client relationship side. On the other hand, there are others that are great at these things, but do not have the professional background or legal experience that the first ones have; instead, they have the gift of being superb entrepreneurs. Then again, there are some that try to mix those two.
A very important thing is to know exactly what is expected from you; depending on your career path you may be used to being more of a follower than a leader, but as a partner you may be asked to develop something yourself, and you must be prepared for that.
Finally, I believe that the average time to become a partner will increase because the market for legal services does not grow fast enough to account for all the good lawyers that enter it. That is in addition to the fact that we have a market that is quite young, at 27 years of age, and most of the partners are younger than 45, so the openings are relatively few and far between. But after all, I think it is also about yourself and about the opportunities that present. There could be a great expansion of a certain field that requires specialised people, in which case someone might skip a few steps because there is a demand for a particular type of legal service.
What is very clear is that in order to have a chance at becoming a partner you must be able to show both professional competence and good to great entrepreneurship and managerial qualities.
Lawyr.it: Given that you are the Coordinator for the Competition Team at Wolf Theiss, how well does it suit you and how good do you think you are at it?
A.S.: I like the decisional freedom and the autonomy that I have now, as head of the department tasked with its development, but even so, I very much rely on the way that the firm does things, and I use the support and business development systems in place to their fullest.
The difficult part in any project such as department development, which I believe is something of an ongoing project for every Partner, is to come up with the concept and to actually implement it yourself. Generally speaking, in other sectors besides law, the people who do these two steps are different people, with different skill sets, because it is hard doing both. With Wolf Theiss, I feel like we have the system that properly helps you to put into practice any idea you might have, and that brings out the best in me and makes me look better than I would on my own.
Lawyr.it: With regard to this topic, do you think you are constantly developing yourself or you have reached a point in which you are only helping your team evolve?
A.S.: You have no chance in this field if you do not constantly better yourself, it is not possible. I do not think there is a single lawyer, in Romania or abroad, that can tell you with a straight face that he or she is not always learning something. Most importantly, this is a field which, by its nature, undergoes constant change and it is impossible for you to stagnate while it evolves. You cannot be stuck on a way of doing things and simply assume that just because it has worked in the past it will work again in the future.
Lawyr.it: How much of your current work is work you are passionate about and how much is routine?
A.S.: This is an interesting topic, because things are usually not what they seem. There are a number of projects that seem interesting when they reach us, but once you go deeper you find that they are fairly routine, while there are also some that seem routine over a quick glance but are more exciting and intriguing once you go in depth.
After all, I think this is also about the way you look at things and the way you approach your tasks, because you can always find new and exciting stuff. This is what drives you to work late nights and early mornings, otherwise routine kills creativity and the desire to excel, and both are essential in this line of work. In my case, fortunately, I would say it is more about passion.
Lawyr.it: Going back to the topic of learning, do you have any idea about what you would change about the legal education system in Romania for it to create better-prepared graduates?
A.S.: I do not think that you can separate the legal education system from the educational system in general, and I feel that the educational system in Romania is focusing on the wrong things, such as the amount of information processed and not the type of information or the ability for critical thinking.
For me, personally, the hardest step of my education was the high-school. The largest amount of information and perhaps even the most difficult to process is being force-fed in high-school. From that perspective, university seemed a lot easier for me; of course, that does not mean that it is easy. I would start by making the university ‘the most difficult’ part of the educational system because after all, that is where you are going to learn what will serve as the backbone of your career.
After that, I would drastically reduce the number of subjects taught in high-school; maybe three or four main subjects and another three optional ones. Or, if we were to keep things as they are, maybe we could switch to three or four subjects that are graded and the rest be simply market ‘Pass/Fail’.
Regarding the legal education system, I would follow the UK system and teach only substantive law, not procedure, in Law School, with procedure being taught if you want to qualify for the Bar. Finally, I believe that the curriculum should be less about mandatory courses, of which there would be one or two per year, and more about optional courses, allowing you to specialise in your area of interest. We must admit that, in 2017, lawyers must be specialised in order to provide a high level of service to their clients – the days of the know-it-all lawyers are passed, as far as I am concerned.
Lawyr.it: What legal gaps or any other kind have you noticed about new graduates and what skills do you think they should develop more during their studies?
A.S.: I do not think I am the best person to answer that question, being specialised in a niche field that is not being taught during Law school. Incidentally, if you look over the CV’s of those that work in Competition, you will notice that most of them studied abroad, whether it was a Master’s or a course in this field. Very few entered Competition only with what they did during Law school.
On the other hand, I feel like the Romanian school is wrongfully insisting on the theoretical approach; we should be more pragmatic. We have many practitioners that are also lecturers and I would expect a practical approach to teaching, an optimal way of structuring the course so that they are based on what is more important in practice, not on some ‘extraordinary’ case that happens once every 100 years Lecturers need to translate a legal, dense, sometimes inaccessible language to a more understandable one that a 3rd or 4th-year student can understand. Obviously, the student should rise to the occasion, but the professor also should lower himself to reach the students; middle ground must be reached.
I go back to the quote used in relation to medical students in the US: ‘When you hear hoofbeats, think of horses, not zebras’ sometimes the most obvious explanation is also the correct one.
Finally, you cannot discount the need of an educational infrastructure and the absolute need of access to information in the educational system. Being a student should bring with it many benefits, including access to a number of legal databases Seminars should take place with 5-7 students, last an hour or two and be held in the form of a round table open discussion.
Lawyr.it: What do big Law firms, such as Wolf Theiss, look for in Law graduates? Is it foreign languages known, general knowledge, Master’s done, studies abroad, high grades, or is it all of them?
A.S.: I think there are some common requirements on the Business Law market in Romania. Speaking English at a high level is no longer avoidable, whether you are in litigation or consulting. Everybody assumes that applicants speak English. At Wolf Theiss, maybe 95% of our deliverables are in English. And we are not talking about conversational English, but about a high level that allows you to negotiate properly.
When talking about grades, how much they matter is up to every firm or even every partner. From my point of view, I can only take good grades as an indicator that you are willing to work and learn, and that you can be relied on for a medium to long period of time. If it comes down to it, I would much rather take into consideration the grades obtained during the 4 years than the graduation exam. Over the years, the grades matter less and less; 10 years after graduation, they tell me close to nothing about you. Besides good grades, we like to see extracurricular activities; that shows me that besides attending Law school, the student dedicated his time and energy to another topic which he was passionate about.
From a personality standpoint, I love working with people with defined, strong personalities, people which have their own opinions and can back them up. I do not like working with ‘yes-men’, I have never looked for that. I want someone that challenges my ideas and solutions, someone that is understands that a career in Law requires lots of time and effort.
Lawyr.it: What was your general impression when you started practising and how did it change over the years?
A.S.: One mistake that I have made, one that I think many graduates make, is that I looked at this profession like it was a series of sprints, not a marathon. I was the impression that you need to go all out, give everything you have for a project, do your best job, as fast as you can and then some sort of break will come. That is not true at all. They must shake off that ‘student thinking’ that revolves around the 'study – exam – study – exam' approach. Being a lawyer means putting up a sustained effort in which stress is common. Every day is basically an exam, everyday someone will call you and ask you something, with the stakes being much higher. Unlike Law school, here you cannot leave questions unanswered.
Lawyr.it: Currently, a lot of students and graduates have certain goals in their minds and make the common five or 10-year plans. Do you think this kind of practice is healthy and how does it translate into a lawyer’s life?
A.S.: To a certain extent, it is healthy to look ahead, to have some goals, but it would be ideal that those goals are related to things you can control. For example, say that in five years you want to achieve a PhD, or that in five years you want to be specialised in a certain area and in two additional fields – these are things you may, to a certain point, control. If you set goals in relation to things like income or position and see those as a ‘must’, you might be disappointed, as most of those goals are set with little to no understanding of the playing field.
I have met great students and graduates, knowledgeable and extremely smart, who had the wrong impression that all the lawyers in the firm are in constant competition with each other and that they are all running the same race. It is impossible to compete with someone that is six years ahead of you; the competition is only in your head. You must be capable of adjusting your goals according to reality. For most of us, the world ends up changing us, not the other way around.
Lawyr.it: Why would you not open your own Law firm once you have reached a certain point in your career, being successful enough to take on a different challenge?
A.S.: There are a lot of reasons against that, the main one being that I love being a lawyer. When you start your own law firm, you run the risk of becoming more of an entrepreneur than a lawyer. You need to take care of everything that represents logistics, business development etc.; at the beginning at least, it would be very difficult to have all the systems in place to support that and allow you to focus solely on the law side of the equation.
Another reason is the type of work that you would do and the type of clients you would do it for. The clients you might have now may not be your clients if you go out on your own and what you are specialised in and love doing on a day to day basis could be too much of a niche practice to support a whole firm.
The main reason for doing it is, perhaps, pride - the pride you take in seeing your name on the door, even though it is a smaller, older door, it is your door and your name, you are the ultimate decision maker and some people are willing to give up a lot to achieve this.
Lawyr.it: And finally, our signature Lawyr.it question, if you had to give one piece of advice to Law students and your practitioners, what would that be?
A.S.: Try to supplement your theoretical education with a practical one. Be mindful of all relevant economic aspects; follow what is happening on the market, read Ziarul Financiar, read Financial Times, read the Economist when you get the chance. Pay attention to what is happening around you because these things matter. Many times, the difference between lawyers in their clients’ eyes is not made necessarily by their competence level, as clients are not always best placed to evaluate that, but about the way in which they deliver what they promise, the way in which they communicate with them and stand up to their end of the bargain.. Understand that what you are about to do has a higher purpose, a different finality. Law is not an end it itself, law is about solving problems and in order for you to solve those problems, you must understand the issue at a macro level. Be curious about what your clients do, because many times the client wrongfully identifies his issue and proposes an equally wrong solution and you must be capable enough to identify the correct issue and the correct solution.
This interview has been published in Lawyr.it Vol. 5 Ed. 2. All references used can be found at the end of that issue. | 2019-04-19T10:18:24Z | http://lawyr.it/index.php/articles/interviews/1197-interview-adrian-ster |
Who gets the blame for this Cowboys collapse? Plus, all the notable news from Week 15 in the NFL.
It’s the sequel that only Packers fans, Eagles fans, and Cowboys masochists could have wanted: Tony Romo Screws Things Up at the End XXVII. Sequels always need to go bigger and badder to top the previous edition, though, and while Romo only threw one pick in Dallas’s heartbreaking loss to Denver in Week 5, he upped the ante by throwing two interceptions in the fourth quarter of Dallas’s stunning loss at home to Green Bay on Sunday afternoon. It’s a loss that leaves Cowboys fans reeling, not only by its nature, but by the fact that the Eagles had lost earlier in the day; a Cowboys win could have put Dallas in the driver’s seat to win the NFC East. Now, the Cowboys will need to win out or spend January on the golf course for the fifth time in six seasons.
Even by Cowboys standards, this game was a case of defeat being snatched from the jaws of victory. Dallas had a 23-point lead at halftime; since 1990, teams with a lead between 21 and 24 points at halftime were a combined 277-12 (.958).1 Dallas allowed a touchdown quickly after halftime, but it still had a 96 percent chance of winning the contest with five minutes to go and managed to blow the game so badly that Matt Flynn actually got to take snaps in the victory formation. Oh, did I mention that Matt Flynn — cut by the Raiders and Bills already this year — was the guy who led this comeback?
There are three parties that get blamed for every late Cowboys failure, and it’s no different this time around. Let’s review their relative culpability.
1. It’s Tony Romo’s fault. Nobody’s going to enjoy the “Is Tony Romo clutch?” debate, so let’s just skip past that for now. Briefly, though, let’s run a table and talk about the whole “Tony Romo can’t win in December and January” thing. These are Romo’s numbers, split by month, over the course of his career. The win-loss records are his records as a starter and include both Romo’s regular-season and playoff performance. The only game that’s not included in his win-loss record is a December loss to the Eagles when Romo threw two passes before injuring his hand.
The problem in believing that there’s something seriously wrong with Romo in December and January isn’t that he plays worse in those months or that the Cowboys don’t win as frequently at the end of the year. He does play a bit worse and they don’t win as frequently.
OK. Now that we’ve cleared that up, it’s hard to argue that Romo isn’t at least partly responsible for what happened to the Cowboys on Sunday. Romo ripped the Packers secondary apart during the first half, going 16-of-27 for 250 yards with a touchdown. Things fell apart in the fourth quarter. The Cowboys got three possessions and Romo threw interceptions on two of them, with a third questionably wiped off the board before Romo drove his team down the field for a touchdown.
The critical moment that really swung the game was Romo’s first pick that stood, which came with the Packers down 36-31 and 2:58 left in the game. It is the Romo interception that we would put in a time capsule if we wanted future species to know what the Romocoaster was like. The play starts with a moment of sheer, undeniable brilliance from Romo, as he manages to elude unblocked commercial pitchman/occasional football enthusiast Clay Matthews to keep the play alive. Immediately after doing so, though, Romo’s improvisational skills tell him to fire a ball into a window that is no longer open, and when he leaves the throw behind Miles Austin, Sam Shields is able to pick the pass off.
It’s a surprise that Romo threw the ball at all; the play was primarily designed to be a run. Jason Garrett alluded to it after the game, and it was misinterpreted afterward in some circles as Romo audibling out of a run play into a pass, but Grantland’s Chris Brown noted in the moment that the play was designed as a packaged play with multiple options. Watch the video again. The Cowboys’ offensive linemen block like it’s a run play. Had Romo even had the time to hand it off to DeMarco Murray, Matthews would have swallowed him whole with the backside pursuit. You’ll also note that every single member of the Packers honors the run-action and heads for the developing point of attack. There’s no safety helping Shields on that play. If Romo leads Austin, there’s nobody standing between Austin and the end zone. Romo read the defense properly and was right to think pass. He did an incredible job of eluding Matthews. The slant that Austin was designed to run as the second option on the packaged play had come and gone by the time Romo escaped Matthews’s clutches, though, and Romo threw it like it was still there. That’s where the mistake came in.
Romo’s second interception is mostly on Cole Beasley. I don’t love the decision to throw a two-yard out to the sticks on second-and-1, and I don’t think Romo realized that Tramon Williams wasn’t going to sink any deeper, but Beasley freezes in the middle of his route. That just can’t happen. Beasley took the blame afterward, saying as much. If he completes his route, the pass is either complete or incomplete, but it’s really difficult for the throw to be intercepted.
On the first drive of the fourth quarter, before all that went down, Romo also had a pass ruled to be intercepted on the field before being overturned on replay. I actually didn’t think there was enough evidence on replay for that ruling to be reversed. That being said, it came on a Romo pass that hit Jason Witten in the hands.
2. It’s Jason Garrett’s fault. I’m not buying this one. The Garrett argument says the Cowboys were having success running the ball — with Murray averaging seven yards per carry at one point — and so the Cowboys needed to continue to run the ball to kill clock and pick up, presumably, seven yards every time they wanted.
It’s a lot more complicated than that. For one, as you can see with the interception on the packaged play, play calling isn’t quite as simple as calling a run play or a pass play these days. Offenses are designed to take advantage of what the defense leaves available, and with the Cowboys having success running the football and the Packers desperately trying to get the ball back down by multiple scores in the second half, what do you think they were setting out to stop? There’s little sense in running the ball for the sake of running the ball if there are eight men in the box and you have Dez Bryant and Witten at receiver.
Furthermore, were the Cowboys really better off running the football? In the second half, they had a total of five possessions. Two were the aforementioned short drives that ended in interceptions. The first was a 13-play drive that took 6:30 off the clock with seven passes and five runs, the latter totaling 16 yards. It produced a 50-yard field goal. The second was a three-and-out with two incomplete passes and a sack that lasted 63 seconds. And the third drive lasted 4:43, with two runs for a total of 20 yards. Romo went 6-for-7 for 50 yards, ending with a touchdown pass to Bryant. Clearly, nobody’s criticizing the Cowboys for throwing the ball too much that drive.
So, then, are we really going to blame Garrett for not calling a running play on what became a three-and-out with his team up 29-17 and 16 minutes to go? On that drive, an open Murray dropped a high-percentage pass on first down, Romo missed James Hanna on second down, and he took a sack (which did keep the clock moving, coincidentally) on third down. And with that much time left, you’re not trying to burn clock for the sake of burning clock; you’re trying to score. I consider myself an expert in finding things that Garrett has done wrong, and, I’m sorry, this just isn’t registering for me as a primary cause of this loss.
3. It’s the defense’s fault. Romo made a bad throw. Garrett could have called for an extra run play or two. Not unreasonable. What about the guys who allowed an offense run by Matt freaking Flynn to score 34 points in the second half? Green Bay scored on each of its five meaningful possessions in the second half, two of which started with excellent field position: one after a punt return to the Dallas 22-yard line, and the other after Shields’s pick of Romo exactly at midfield. The other three drives all started on the Packers’ 20-yard line. Flynn went 16-of-22 for 182 yards and four touchdowns in the second half. Eddie Lacy carried the ball 13 times for 110 yards, including a 60-yard scamper to start the third quarter. During that second half, Flynn was not sacked once. From what I can tell without coaches tape, he was only knocked down once all half.
The defense doesn’t get blamed for stuff like this, though, because there isn’t the one smoking gun. It’s way easier to hang your hat on an interception than it is on a blown coverage or a missed tackle. There’s no individual defensive play that’s as obviously detrimental as an interception. Romo made a bad throw. The defense probably produced about 25 subpar snaps in the second half. That sort of disadvantage is more subtle, but it’s far more impactful.
Ask yourself this: When was the last time Romo’s defense bailed him out? I can think of a whole bunch of times when Romo bailed out his defense. Like the two-minute drill against the Vikings a few weeks ago after his defense blew a fourth-quarter lead. Or last year, when Romo led two touchdown drives in the final four minutes to tie up the game against the Saints. Or the 10-point, fourth-quarter comeback against the Bengals two weeks earlier. Where are the games when Dallas’s defense comes up with a big play late to seal — let alone create — a victory?3 You’re not wrong to pin some of the blame on Romo. But, again, if we’re going to talk about what’s going wrong with the Dallas Cowboys, it seems wrong to blame the side that scored 36 points far more than the one that allowed 37.
As for Flynn, he might have saved the Packers’ season. This was his second consecutive win with a fourth-quarter comeback, and the Packers needed both those wins to realistically keep their head above water in the NFC playoff hunt. Now, at 7-6-1, the Packers can likely bring Aaron Rodgers back into the fold with something meaningful to play for. They’re hardly favorites to win the NFC North, but they just need the Lions to slip up once to control their own playoff destiny, which is far more than the team could have hoped for when it was trailing in the fourth quarter against the Falcons last week.
Everyone let everyone else off the hook. There were a bunch of teams that could have taken real strides toward improving their playoff situation this weekend, and virtually every one of them failed to make the move they wanted.
In the AFC, the Patriots’ reign as the top seed in the conference lasted all of two days. Their loss to Miami knocked New England out of the top spot, and it will need the Broncos to slip up again to have another shot at claiming home-field advantage throughout the playoffs. With Denver playing Houston and Oakland over the next two weeks, that seems unlikely.
The Patriots could have fallen out of the bye spots altogether with a Bengals win, but Cincinnati slipped up at Pittsburgh on Sunday night, with the Steelers getting out to a 21-0 lead before claiming a comfortable 30-20 victory. The Bengals now are basically out of contention for the top seed in the AFC (barring two Denver losses, a Patriots loss, and a Bengals sweep), and they’ll need to make up a one-game difference on the Patriots with two games to go, equaling them on record and winning the head-to-head tiebreaker. The Colts, who blew out Houston on Sunday, now also have an outside shot at claiming the no. 2 seed. They would need to win out and have both the Bengals and Patriots lose at least once. That would give Indy a better record than the Bengals and the tiebreaker win over the Patriots by virtue of a better conference record. The Colts travel to Kansas City this week before hosting the Jaguars in Week 17.
The bottom of the AFC will become clearer after Monday night’s Ravens-Lions game. The Dolphins took a big step forward with their win over New England, which leaves them at 8-6. If Baltimore loses, Miami will be one ahead of the Ravens with two games to go. If Baltimore wins, it’ll be tied with Miami at 8-6, but the Ravens hold the tiebreaker after beating Miami earlier this year. The Chargers need to win out and have both Miami and Baltimore lose out. The Steelers and Jets need too much help to bother caring about. That leaves the Chiefs, who are locked into the no. 5 seed unless the Broncos lose again, in which case a Chiefs win would leave Kansas City atop the AFC as the no. 1 seed.
In the NFC, Seattle has all but clinched the top seed and home-field advantage throughout the playoffs. There are three 10-4 teams with theoretical chances of catching 12-2 Seattle, and the Seahawks hold ironclad tiebreaker victories over two of them (New Orleans and Carolina). The 49ers would need Seattle to lose to the Cardinals and Rams at home while they beat Atlanta and Arizona, which would give them a tiebreaker win by virtue of their superior record in the division. That’s not happening.
The 49ers still have a lot to play for. If they beat the Falcons next week, they’ll be 11-4 and assured of their standing as the no. 5 seed in the NFC for at least next week, since the loser of the Panthers-Saints game will be 10-5. San Francisco can’t sleepwalk, either; if it loses at least one game and ends up in a tie with that NFC South team, the South team will win the tiebreaker, thanks to Carolina and New Orleans prevailing over the 49ers earlier this year. If New Orleans wins next week, it clinches the division and the no. 2 seed; if Carolina wins, it would improve to 11-4, one game ahead of the Saints with one to go. If the Panthers then lost at Atlanta in Week 17, a Saints win would give them back the NFC South and the no. 2 seed. The winner of the NFC South is guaranteed the no. 2 seed and a first-round bye.
The wins by Green Bay and Chicago ramp up the pressure on Detroit, which now basically has to win this game against Baltimore to not be at an enormous disadvantage. If it does, it’ll move back into the divisional lead and hold the fourth spot in the conference, with Philadelphia (which holds a tiebreaker on each of the three NFC North competitors at the moment) in third. If Detroit loses, it’ll be a game behind Chicago and Green Bay. Detroit holds the tiebreaker over Chicago and Green Bay if/when their records are equal.
Detroit remains in control of its own playoff destiny: If it wins out, Detroit will win the NFC North. If the Lions slip up against the Ravens, Giants, or Vikings, though, the Bears and Packers will sneak ahead. Chicago still plays Green Bay in Week 17 in a game that will either be incredibly meaningful or just about meaningless. Let’s work backward here. If the Lions lose Monday night, whichever team wins the Bears-Packers game in Week 17 will win the division if it also won its game in Week 16. If the team that wins the Week 17 matchup lost in Week 16, meaning that the Bears and Packers each finish 1-1, the Lions would win the division by winning their final two games of the season. If all three teams finish 1-1, the winner of the Bears-Packers game wins the division. My head hurts, too.
One more permutation: If Detroit wins Monday night but loses in Week 16 or Week 17, it would lose the division to the winner of the Bears-Packers game if that team also won in Week 16. If that’s not true and everybody finishes 1-1 over the final weeks, the Lions still win. If Detroit wins and then goes 0-2, just give Seattle a bye to the Super Bowl. This will be a lot clearer, I promise, after Monday night.
The Eagles could clinch the NFC East next week with a Philly win and a Dallas loss, but that would be way too simple. As long as that doesn’t happen, these two teams will decide the NFC East in Dallas in Week 17.
Arizona fended off Tennessee’s comeback to win in overtime and go to 9-5, which keeps its playoff hopes alive. It needs a lot of help in just about every permutation to make the playoffs, but its easiest path to making the playoffs is by beating the 49ers in Week 17 and having the Panthers lose their final two games. I think. Of course, you can play all these probabilities out with the ESPN Playoff Machine.
Atlanta-Washington, somehow, was one of my favorite games of the year to watch. You can have your boring Seattle–San Francisco puntfest. Enjoy your Baltimore-Pittsburgh shoving matches. I don’t care. Having a 3-10 record doesn’t mean you’re ugly to me. This was a wildly entertaining, often hilariously bad contest between two teams that looked like they were among the five or six best teams in the NFL this time last year. I must express my love in GIF form.
First, there was the battle of the irresistible force versus the irreducible objects. Steven Jackson has perfected his Michael Turner impression to the point where he doesn’t even seem to concern himself with the possibility of making guys miss anymore, but Washington’s defense is full of guys who make it their business to miss tackles in impossibly creative ways. What will happen when these two seemingly warring worlds collide?
That’s Washington defensive back Josh Wilson getting absolutely trucked by Jackson at the goal line for a rare highlight from the Atlanta running game. I can’t pretend that I would want to be in Wilson’s shoes with Jackson bearing down on me in that moment, but I also don’t know that trying to back body drop Jackson out of the end zone for a touchback was the right move.
Washington quarterback Kirk Cousins made his 2013 debut as a starter in this game and showed some flashes of very solid play. He exhibited above-average arm strength in zipping a number of throws over the middle of the field to Pierre Garcon & Co., but he did struggle with turnovers, his past bugaboo. Cousins threw two picks and was strip-sacked once, and he had at least two other passes nearly intercepted. Given that he was playing the league’s second-worst pass defense, it wasn’t exactly an awe-inspiring performance. And what does the league’s second-worst pass defense look like, exactly?
It looks like rookie seventh-round safety Zeke Motta. Motta, coming over to aid the badly torched Desmond Trufant (who committed illegal contact) on Garcon’s double move, somehow misjudges the flight of the ball so badly that his dive to make a play on the football sees him land behind the trailing Trufant. A really good safety picks that pass off. An experienced safety tracks the ball well enough that he can try to make a play on the football while preventing Garcon from getting behind him. Motta careens onto the screen and isn’t within three yards of the football. Rookies!
That play came shortly after the two teams traded fumbles on three consecutive plays. No, really. After Cousins completed a pass to Aldrick Robinson for 62 yards, star Washington left tackle Trent Williams hobbled off. The team replaced him with 2012 sixth-rounder Tom Compton, and on the very next play, the team ran a sweep to the left side behind Compton, only for his man to push Compton into Alfred Morris, knocking the ball out of Morris’s hands. On the very next snap, rookie free-agent tackle Ryan Schraeder was badly beaten one-on-one by Ryan Kerrigan, who strip-sacked Matt Ryan. Then, apparently sick of rookies making mistakes, 87-year-old receiver Santana Moss caught a pass on the very next snap and fumbled the ball away to the Falcons, who were so excited that they committed two unnecessary roughness penalties after the play was over.
That’s an underthrown shovel pass! I’ve never seen that before. It’s incredible. You want to say that it just slipped out of Ryan’s hands and that he probably didn’t mean to throw it? Believe what you want, but the league ruled it an incomplete pass, which means that it was an underthrown shovel pass. You know what? Just turn that new Falcons stadium into another new stadium for the Braves. Just in case they need a backup new stadium. Underthrowing a screen pass makes that all worth it.
Mike Shanahan, perhaps answering the pleas of the D.C. media to get to the postgame press conference as quickly as possible, saw his team score a touchdown to go down 27-26 with 22 seconds left. He then chose to try to win the game with a two-point conversion as opposed to tying up the game for overtime. He left the ball in Cousins’s hands, and while Cousins was able to elude pressure and get out of the pocket, his pass to Garcon was tipped away by Trufant to seal a win for the Falcons. The play didn’t work, but was going for two the right call?
Absolutely. You have to figure out whether your odds of winning in overtime are better than your odds of converting a two-point conversion, and the latter seems clearly higher. Washington was a six-point underdog playing on the road in Atlanta, which should tell you that it wouldn’t be favored to win heading into the overtime coin toss. The increased importance of special teams in overtime also wouldn’t bode well for Washington’s chances. It would probably be fair to estimate Washington’s chances of winning in overtime at about 40 percent.
Its chances of converting a two-pointer have to be higher. Washington’s strength as a team is on offense with its running game and its big receivers, notably Garcon and (on this day) Fred Davis. Washington has been one of the best power-running teams in football this year. All that matters in a two-point conversion. There’s no reason to think Cousins couldn’t handle the pressure of a two-point conversion; remember, last year, he ran in a quarterback draw to tie the game against Baltimore just before overtime. We never know each team’s “true” ability to convert two-pointers because the samples are so small, but given its nature across the rest of the field, Washington is likely an above-average team on two-point conversions. Its chances of converting were probably at or above 50 percent. Exact probabilities are unrealistic here given the small sample and the specific nature of these teams, but going for it makes sense to me.
A similar situation erupted in Tennessee at the end of regulation as part of its stunning comeback against Arizona, but more on that tomorrow in the full-size TYFNC.
It’s good that you probably weren’t watching the Chiefs-Raiders game Sunday afternoon, because the things that Jamaal Charles was doing to the Raiders shouldn’t have been broadcast on television before the safe harbor. With the Oakland defense either unaware that running backs can catch passes or uninterested in learning from its mistakes, Charles caught a bevy of screens and swing passes amid a truly monstrous day. While Charles only ran for 20 yards on eight carries — by far his lowest rushing output of the season — his eight catches yielded a whopping 195 yards, tying him with DeSean Jackson as the day’s leading receiver. In all, Charles finished with five touchdowns, four of which came through the air. In a traditional scoring system, Charles produced 51.5 fantasy points.
Of course, fantasy points are even more meaningful these days. Charles’s huge day came in Week 15, which is right smack-dab in the middle of just about every fantasy football league’s playoffs. I suppose there are some people who had Charles in their lineup this week and lost, but I’m guessing that the 50-spot Charles posted won a lot of people a lot of playoff games and a whole lot of money. Given the high stakes, was it the most clutch fantasy football performance … ever?
Football crack — also known as pro-football-reference.com — has game logs for individual players dating back through 1960. For the purposes of this analysis, let’s just assume nobody was playing fantasy football before 1960.4 The website also tracks the fantasy football points generated by each offensive player from those game logs. The figures don’t include fumbles, but Charles didn’t fumble on Sunday, so that won’t matter in comparing him with the greats from the past. I want to compare Charles’s performance to other great playoff performances from the past, but just about every league I’ve ever seen has different playoff rules, so let’s keep things simple and just consider performances that occurred between Week 14 and Week 16.
As it turns out, Charles’s game against the Raiders on Sunday was the third-best performance during the fantasy football playoffs over the past 53 years. He came in one-tenth of a point behind a Corey Dillon game from 1997. The record belongs to Clinton Portis, who generated 55.4 fantasy points during a 2003 Broncos game that saw him score five touchdowns while producing 254 yards from scrimmage. Three of the top 10 performances in fantasy playoff history came from running backs under Mike Shanahan in Denver, which should be part of Shanahan’s Hall of Fame argument someday. Charles is the first guy over 40 points in a fantasy playoff game since Jerome Harrison’s 286-yard game against the Chiefs in 2009.
Charles was pretty good in Week 14, too: He produced 27.8 fantasy points with two touchdowns and 158 yards from scrimmage in the blowout win over Washington. The Colts and their 25th-ranked run defense loom in Week 16. With 79.3 fantasy points under his belt through the first two weeks of the playoffs, could Charles be on pace to be the most valuable player in fantasy football playoff history?
Absolutely. The best three-week performance from Week 14 to Week 16 since 1960 belongs to Charles’s predecessor as the Kansas City starting halfback. Larry Johnson produced 95.4 fantasy points over that three-week stretch during the 2005 season, accruing a total of 441 rushing yards, 93 receiving yards, and seven touchdowns. For fun, he threw in a 222-yard, three-touchdown performance in Week 17 for leagues that abhor the light.
Charles already has the third-best performance in fantasy playoff history. To top Johnson’s 2005 and set a new playoff record, Charles will need to generate 16.2 fantasy points. A touchdown and more than 100 yards from scrimmage would get the job done.
Back here in real football, though, the Chiefs need to seriously start thinking about how they want to manage Charles’s workload heading into the playoffs. As amazing as his performance on Sunday was, the Chiefs were right to keep him out toward the end of the game to get backup Knile Davis touches while attempting to keep Charles fresh for the playoffs. He’ll obviously suit up next week, but if the Chiefs lose to the Colts and get locked into the fifth seed in the AFC with a Broncos win, Andy Reid should absolutely bench his star halfback in Week 17 in what would be a meaningless game (for the Chiefs, at least) at San Diego. Charles is more essential to his offense, arguably, than any other non-quarterback in football; it’s impossible to imagine the Chiefs going far in the playoffs without him around, so it will be critical for Kansas City to get him as fresh as possible. The Chiefs would like to see the Charles who won so many fantasy football playoff games yesterday help them win an NFL playoff game or two this season.
Eli Manning threw five interceptions on Sunday. Yes, he was playing the Seahawks, who have the best pass defense in football by a considerable margin. Sure, one of the interceptions came on a Hail Mary, and for some reason we still figure picks on Hail Mary attempts to be as meaningful in terms of interceptions as any other normal throw. That shouldn’t be. It doesn’t matter. Ignore the Hail Mary and Manning still threw four interceptions in 30 pass attempts. As it were, this will go down as the first five-interception game in Manning’s career.
So, I’m going to throw this out there, but I don’t feel very good about throwing it. Do we need to have the talk about Eli? You know, that talk?
You would be hard-pressed to make a case that Manning is delivering above-average play this year. Those five interceptions bumped Manning all the way to 25 this year, which leaves him four ahead of rookie Jets starter Geno Smith. Nobody who plays their home games outside of the Meadowlands has thrown more than 17 interceptions this season. The best quarterback in New York might be Charlie Ward all over again. Manning has always been a quarterback who throws his fair share of interceptions — he’s already 43rd on the list for most interceptions in league history, and he’s about to lead the league in picks for the third time as a pro — but this is a particularly brutal season, even for him.
If Manning were just throwing a ton of picks and otherwise playing well, you could forgive him a bit of bad luck and some playmakeritis. That’s just not the case. In fact, many of Manning’s numbers are trending downward and have been for some time. His completion percentage peaked in 2010 at 62.9 percent; it has now dropped for three consecutive years and fallen all the way to 58.6 percent. Manning’s passer rating is down all the way to 69.7, his lowest figure since his awful rookie half-season. He has a lower passer rating than the likes of Matt Schaub and Brandon Weeden. Manning was even 34th in QBR at 36.0, behind the recently benched Robert Griffin, and that figure was before this five-interception game even happened.
To be fair to Manning, the team around him has basically collapsed. Hakeem Nicks has sleepwalked through a miserable campaign, and Victor Cruz has gone missing for weeks at a time. GM Jerry Reese’s wheel-of–tight ends finally landed on a disappointment, as Brandon Myers has failed to live up to the likes of Martellus Bennett and Jake Ballard. Most notably, Manning’s offensive line has been in shambles. Exactly one lineman — left tackle William Beatty — is active and starting in the same spot he was supposed to man when the Giants were planning this thing out in August. That’s not a good thing, either; Beatty has been a mess, having allowed nine sacks even before Sunday’s loss. The only offensive player who has lived up to expectations is … oh god, it’s Curtis Painter, who is now 6-for-8 on the year with a pick. Why is this happening and can it stop soon?
It actually might, because Reese is about to enter a very awkward negotiation period with his superst— oh, just his quarterback. The Giants are in the latter stages of Manning’s seven-year contract extension, meaning that most of his signing bonus has already been charged to New York’s cap. There are two years to go on Manning’s current deal after the 2013 campaign, and they’ll be expensive. In 2014, Manning will take up $20.9 million of the Giants’ cap, or about 16.5 percent of the projected $126.3 million ceiling all by himself. That figure falls slightly to $19.8 million in 2015, after which Manning would become an unrestricted free agent. Because that signing bonus has been mostly covered by now, getting rid of Manning wouldn’t be cost-prohibitive. In fact, it would save the Giants a lot of money. The Giants would save $13.4 million on their cap in 2014 by trading or releasing Manning, a figure that would rise to $17.5 million in 2015. They wouldn’t have a quarterback, of course, but that hasn’t really been much of a help this year, anyway.
The flip side of that argument is even scarier, since the Giants will likely have to endure the hometown premium in offering Manning a new contract. He already has the largest cap hold of any player in football at $20.9 million this year, coming in $3 million ahead of second-place Matthew Stafford. The last guy around Manning’s age to get a contract at quarterback was Romo, and he got seven years and $120 million with $40 million guaranteed to re-up with the Cowboys. Romo’s cap hit next year is the one that will lead the league unless it’s renegotiated, but it’s currently at $21.8 million. Can you really give a guy playing the way Manning is right now a raise? Do you really want to give a five- or seven-year contract to a quarterback who will be 33 next season?
It seems impossible to imagine the Giants moving on from their star quarterback, but that day of reckoning is coming soon. Reese will either need to commit to Manning on a new long-term deal or make a move to replace Manning with the team’s quarterback of the future, since that guy clearly isn’t on the roster. And if Reese is ever going to make that move, 2014 would sure make a lot of sense as the right time to do it, given that the Giants will have a relatively high pick in a deep quarterback class. Alternately, the Giants could use Manning’s poor 2013 as leverage in negotiating a new deal at a relative valley in Manning’s value, saving themselves millions in the process. With more five-interception games, even the Giants would have to wonder whether Eli’s worth the money. I suspect that the Giants will give Manning 2014 to right the ship, but if it’s another season of decline with an interception per game, it might very well be the end of Manning’s tenure in New York.
Halftime leads of 23 points are relatively rare; there have only been 40 games with such a lead since the merger in 1970. Teams with such a lead at halftime were 38-1 before yesterday.
Alternate reading: Tony Romo is only really great in November. November is the 11th month of the year. Eleven is a prime number. Is Romo part of the Illuminati??? Are his poor performances in key games designed to throw us off the trail? If he signs to Roc Nation Sports or the NFL starts playing meaningful games in July, we’ll know.
I see all of one: In 2012, Romo tied a game in the fourth quarter with a touchdown drive and the defense picked off Ben Roethlisberger on the first drive of overtime to set up a game-winning field goal. That’s the only one I can find.
OK, and maybe they weren’t playing it for a couple of decades afterward, but it would have been interesting at the time. How would people have handled the arrival of the AFL? Would you really want to put the time in to play in an NFL fantasy league and an AFL fantasy league? Would you mix players from both leagues, even though scoring levels between the leagues were different? Did people have this problem with the XFL? Did you play in an XFL fantasy league? Would you tell any of the people you love that you did that? | 2019-04-21T04:26:40Z | http://grantland.com/features/bill-barnwell-week-15-nfl/ |
A general methodology and specific guidelines for analytical prognostic estimates of the influence of tax rate changes on economic growth and the state of the Russian national budget are proposed. A new approach to the evaluation of the effectiveness of the tax system, which factors in the contradiction between its regulatory (productive) and fiscal (budgetary) functions is substantiated.
An efficient tax system is a major factor of dynamic economic development. Yet, in its 13–14 years of economic reform, Russia failed to shape a tax system that could efficiently perform both the regulatory and the fiscal function. In those years, it lacked one essential characteristic, stability. In fact, the years of reform were years of experiments, which failed to yield any tangible results. That this was a dead–end effort was made clear in the 2003 Presidential Message to the RF Federal Assembly, which said that the government’s tax policy was just beginning to make the transition from annual to medium-term planning. This document was also the first to raise the issue of establishing a “reasonable tax rate,” although concrete figures were not mentioned and ways of its optimization and control were not described.
Several factors that make tax regulators very necessary are at work in the economy. First, while on the growth path, the economy becomes more sensitive to the fluctuation of taxes than it was in the preceding crisis period. Second, the issue of rental payments becomes more pressing. This calls for both an adequate methodology helping to evaluate the effectiveness of tax policy, and practical guidelines for optimization of the Russian tax system. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the working of the suggested analytical methods.
One of the latest attempts to empirically analyze fiscal policy effectiveness was made in . It presented what seems to us justified assessments of Laffer points, which delineate the area of effective values of the summary fiscal burden. Simultaneously, an attempt was made to test the suggested econometric methodology for stability. The econometric dependencies and quantitative evaluations found were summarized in . Later, the approach described in [1, 2] was used in to make prognostic calculations. However, further research in this area exposed many other, purely substantive problems and technical faults, which occurred in [1–3]. Let us discuss them in more detail.
First, the RF State Committee for Statistics (Goskomstat) additional data on tax arrears make it necessary to factor in, not only the real fiscal payments and, correspondingly, the level of the real fiscal load, but the nominal fiscal load as well. Actually, we refer to the fact that the nominal fiscal load, which is equal to the summary value of its real (actual) load and the fiscal arrears, should figure in economic analysis as a key measure of effectiveness, of the national tax system. The works [1–3] did not take this into account, whereas it is essential to add this element to the methodology of fiscal analysis: its absence creates the danger of arriving at conclusions that are incorrect in principle and of disorienting the entire managerial decision–making system.
Early steps in this direction were made in . It should be noted here that the available tax arrears statistics imply, by its very essence, a revision of some previous assumptions on the concept and the means of evaluating the potential (nominal) tax burden (see, for example, [5, 6]. In fact, there appears an opportunity to consistently integrate this concept into the overall Laffer curve concept as an element on the basis of a single methodology, something that was impossible before.
Second, the use of the value of summary fiscal load in applied calculations proves divorced from the practical needs of the management system, which can manipulate concrete tax rates but cannot directly change the summary tax load. The econometric instruments for evaluating the effect of summary tax load on economic growth and budget revenues developed in were put aside, in a way, since the summary fiscal load index itself is not a directly controlled variable.
A more rigorous analysis of the approaches used in this area led to the conclusion that in a comparison between the aggregated and disaggregated mode of factoring in the tax burden, priority should be given to the former . This has a number of explanations. Disaggregated methodologies usually optimize the rate of just one tax, while the others remain unchanged. In reality, however, several tax rates change simultaneously. This means that the disaggregated approach unjustifiably simplifies realities and is of little use in applied terms. Attempts to optimize several tax rates at the same time are not very productive, since the “tax portfolio” is usually large enough, and factoring in even the basic fiscal instruments when building models produces cumbersome analytical constructs that are not applicable in practice. Moreover, comparing empirical evaluations obtained on the base of detailed recording of tax regulators demonstrates their extremely controversial character. This fact alone proves that the methodologies in this category lack objectivity. Consequently, the task can be formulated as follows: using the methodology of aggregated recording of the tax load, to expand it so as to establish a link with the final stage of fiscal decision making. In our view, dealing with this problem would make it possible to significantly improve the Laffer curve methodology by closing it up at the final stage, thereby rendering it sufficiently complex and complete.
Third, previous econometric dependencies between GDP and such explanatory variables as labor, capital, and tax burden need to be tested and specified. Despite the fact that applied calculations in [1, 2] helped achieve high quality approximation, some t–statistics of econometric dependencies were insignificant, thereby calling into question the justifiability and sense of the overall scheme of analysis.
Running ahead, let us say that although the qualifying calculations for Great Britain, Sweden, and the United States helped to substantially improve the statistical characteristics of regressions (first of all, t–statistics), thereby making macroeconomic evaluations more reliable, they did not produce noticeable changes in Laffer points, genera 1 and 2. Meanwhile, in the case of Russia, such testing resulted in the construction of an entirely different econometric model and a strong shift of original quantitative estimates. Moreover, the new econometric dependency for the Russian economy initiated a somewhat different scheme of test for invariance of Laffer points. This means that the updating and specification of quantitative evaluations of the overall set of fiscal indicators in question is, by itself, a separate and pressing problem.
Fourth, in the elapsed time, the results described in [1, 2] have been given a new interpretation. The role of Laffer points, genera 1 and 2 as leading fiscal macroindicators became clearer; the dialectic of the stimulating (regulatory) and fiscal (budgetary) functions of tax instruments was seen in a new light; and the faults and limitations of the traditional Laffer curve concept became more obvious. Thus, a better reasoned theoretical substantiation of the econometric methodology used to study Laffer effects makes this issue even more pressing.
The methodology for modeling productive fiscal effects is reflected most fully in the concept of the “split” of the influence of taxes into two components . The first is connected with the study of productive curve Y = Y(q) in the “tax burden (q) vs. production volume (Y)” coordinate system. This curve reaches the local maximum at point q*, which is designated as Laffer point, genus I and for which the following conditions are true: dY(q*)/dq = 0; d2Y(q*)/dq2 < 0. The second component is connected with the study of fiscal curve T = T(q) in the “tax burden (q) vs. tax payments (T)” coordinate plane. This curve reaches the local maximum at point q**, which was designated as Laffer point, genus 2: dT(q**)/dq = 0; d2T(q**)/dq2 < 0.
In terms of economics, Laffer point, genus 1 means the tax burden limit at which the production system does not yet enter the recession mode. Laffer point, genus 2 indicates the size of the tax burden beyond which increasing tax revenues become impossible. Identification of Laffer points, genera 1 and 2 and their comparison with the actual and nominal tax burden make it possible to assess the quantitative effectiveness of a tax system and to identify its optimization trend. This is the main idea behind the use of the expanded Laffer curve concept.
The deep meaning behind the introduction to the study of two Laffer points is that there is always some antagonism between the regulatory and the fiscal function of the tax system: while it helps replenish a country’s budget, an increase of the tax burden decreases the business activity of economic agents and quenches incentives to production expansion. This shows that the principal problem of fiscal policy is finding a compromise between the interests of the producers and those of the budget.
We note that an introduction to the study of two Laffer points was first undertaken in an explicit form in . Laffer himself and almost all his followers used only one point in their fiscal analysis, namely, the point that in our terminology is designated as Laffer point, genus 2. As for Laffer point, genus 1, for a long time it did not figure in economic constructs; as a result, the fact of the opposition of the two functions of the fiscal system was ignored. Although, at first sight, this state of affairs appears odd, a natural enough explanation of the situation follows.
In view of the above, the foundation of the suggested model toolbox is constituted by the “primary” production–institutional function (PIF) Y = Y(L, F, q), where Y is production (national GDP volume); F is capital (volume of fixed capital); L is labor (volume of employment in the economy); and q is actual fiscal load (share of tax revenues T in GDP, q = T/Y). The fiscal curve, that is, the dependency between the volume of collected tax payments and the tax burden, is described by “secondary” function T = qY = qY(L, F, q). It is the production function Y = Y(L, F, q) that is subject to direct econometric evaluation: this is the reason why it acts as the “primary” dependency; the fiscal function T = qY is obtained by multiplying the production function by the value of fiscal load.
The labor and capital indexes factor in the economy’s resource–related and technological potential, while the fiscal load index, q, reflects the institutional background. This approach is, of course, strongly aggregated and does not pretend to offer a full explanation of all phenomena.
In terms of calculations, index q is the key one in this fiscal analysis; at the macrolevel, it is the share of fiscal payments in GDP withdrawn from individuals and legal entities. The fiscal withdrawals include all tax payments to the budget and the contributions to the non–budgetary funds. The payments made by individuals must be factored in because the load of these payments is indirectly shifted to the businessmen acting as employers.
R2 = 0.998; FS = 1038.50; DW = 3.21; N = 15.
All three dependencies passed the principal statistical tests and can be considered accurate and workable. In view of this, one can assert that our main hypothesis on the existence of production curve Y, which depends on three variables, including fiscal load, is correct. Unlike the results obtained in , dependencies (1)–(3) were subjected to a more thorough examination. In this connection, yet another hypothesis on the existence of a parabolic dependency between production volume and tax burden can also be accepted as final, since the evaluation findings (1)–(3) have a general crosscountry character and leave no room for a different opinion.
Apart from these two principal fiscal indicators, models (1)–(3) provide an opportunity to build a series of supplementary fiscal system efficiency indicators. Specifically, of great importance are fiscal switch points qL and qF, which satisfy stationary conditions ∂Y(qi)/∂L = 0 and ∂Y(qF)/∂F = 0. For the United States, Great Britain, and Sweden, which are described by models (1)–(3), these points are calculated by the formulas qL = –α/b and qF = –c/g.
R2 = 0.963; FS = 117.40; DW = 2.08; N = 12.
As for the switch points, only one such point exists for model (6), when ∂Y(qL)/dL = 0: TL = –αlb.
Although the Russian PIF is obviously truncated as compared to the British, Swedish, and US models, the overall scheme of analysis is the same for Russia.
The econometric dependencies built make it possible to perform an extensive crosscountry analysis. However, since this has already been done in , we shall confine ourselves to the two countries that interest us the most, Russia and the United States. We shall use them as an example to try and show as clearly as possible the potential of the methodology of the expanded Laffer curve concept.
Calculations based on PIF (1) for the US economy by formulas (4) and (5) are presented in Table 1.
A study of the relative positions of values q, q* and q** demonstrated that, in the United States, the fiscal gap between Laffer points, genera 1 and 2 is approximately one percentage point (Table 1). This disparity is within the limits of an ordinary statistical error. This means that in the United States, the reaction of the budget is almost equivalent to that of the producer. Consequently, any above–the–limit fiscal load on the producer automatically worsens the budget situation in the country. One can conclude, therefore, that the US fiscal system is extremely sensitive to production dynamics.
Equation (9) makes it clear that even with a negative production effect, when a rise of taxes reduces the volume of production dY/dq < 0, the size of fiscal revenues may increase dT/dq > 0. The fiscal and the production effects become synchronized only on the edges of the corresponding fiscal and production curves. In the “active” fiscal load zone, a sharp divergence between the two examined effects is observed. As has been pointed out, this is the principal contradiction of government fiscal policy. The broader the band of values between the two Laffer points, the broader the area of fiscal load values where a country’s production and fiscal interests clash.
In view of the fact that in the United States, Laffer points tend to coincide, one can state that the two effects above were practically fully harmonized, and the antagonism between the two sides of fiscal policy almost completely disappeared. In other words, the principle in force in the United States is this: whatever is (good) bad for the producer is good (bad) for the country’s budget, too. As a result, the selection of an effective fiscal burden rate is greatly simplified. In fact, the government is no longer obliged to conduct a “double” analysis of the interests of producers and the consolidated budget. The country’s government can base its forecasts on the producers’ reaction alone.
The absence of visible quantitative differences in the United States between fiscal points, genera 1 and 2 throws light on the one-sidedness of the classical concept of Laffer curve, which uses only the genus 2 point. Years of empirical observations have probably made it clear to the American economist Laffer that the US budget fully depends on the activity of the national business, and this postulate became the foundation of his theory. Needless to say, in the general case, this postulate is invalid.
Our analysis of the intertwining of fiscal and technological factors in the US economy enabled us to evaluate two more fiscal limiting factors: qF = 32.8% and qL = 26.2%. Consequently, the meaning of these indicators is as follows: for marginal labor productivity and marginal capital productivity to be simultaneously positive, the actual fiscal load must lie in the interval qL < q < qF. To be more concrete, the following stringent condition must be observed: 26.2% <q< 32.8%. Table 1 shows that, through 15 years, the actual value of fiscal load in the United States was invariably on this interval. This, on the one hand, shows that the US economy is highly balanced and, on the other, points to opportunities for practical application of such fiscal indicators as switch points qL and qF.
The outcomes of calculations on the basis of PIF (6) for the Russian economy by formulas (7) and (8) are presented in Table 2.
1 No data for 1989–1993.
Point q** equaled, on average, 38.9%, and its value was invariably much higher than Laffer point, genus 1. The average fiscal gap between them was six percentage points. This value is very high and points to a conflict between the production and the budgetary criteria for fiscal burden optimization. This is probably where lies the deep difference between the Russian and the US economies. Thus, the production interests of business and the government’s budgetary interests in the United States constitute a certain unity of benchmarks in relation to the optimal rate of fiscal burden, whereas in Russia they are in an irreconcilable conflict.
In terms of absolute fiscal burden, the position of Russian producers is complicated. In 1990, 1992, 1997, and 2000, they were forced to give away more than they were prepared to do in principle. Although the situation in the other years can be described as acceptable, the tax climate in Russia was far from comfortable. Let me note that formulates a diametrically opposite conclusion; in view of this, it is very important to specify the actual state of affairs on the basis of more balanced and correct evaluations.
Evaluation of fiscal switch point qL showed that its value for the Russian economy is 63.6%. Should the fiscal burden exceed it, this could destroy natural technological links in the economy, since in that case, marginal labor productivity would become negative. In the context of this analysis, one can assert that the critical value, qL = 63.6%, is the absolute fiscal load limit beyond which the entire national production system begins to disintegrate. This delimiter is, for Russia, “idle” yet, since overcoming it in practice is absolutely out of the question.
Our understanding of the Russian tax system is promoted by the indicator of nominal fiscal load in the Russian economy (qN), calculated as the sum of actual fiscal burden (q) and the taxes owed to the consolidated budget ( qZ): qN= q + qZ. Component (qZ) is calculated as the GDP share of the total the taxes due to the consolidated budget. Data on tax arrears can be found in the official statistics provided by the RF Goskomstat in the “Finances” section; they are supplied by the RF Ministry for Taxes and Duties. The time series of these data begins since 1994: this means that our analysis covers a long enough period, from 1994 to 2001.
The proposed approach appears quite legitimate, since the tax arrears must be repaid or, in the extreme case, go over to the next fiscal year. On the whole, the actual fiscal load (q) shows the share of real withdrawals, and nominal value (qN) indicates the amount of payment demanded by the state. In fact, tax arrears are something in–between tax evasion and common deferment of payment. The results of calculations are presented in the relevant columns of Table 2.
An estimation n of the fiscal pressure coefficient V = qN/q* shows that during 1997–2000, the state overburdened the producers with taxes to the extent of 20% on average. Russian producers were unable to bear such a tax burden, and this contributed to the growth of tax arrears. In this context, it is noteworthy that as compared to nominal tax burden, actual burden exceeded Laffer point, genus 1 fairly infrequently. This means that however much in tax payments the government may demand, the producers will pay just as much as they are prepared to pay; the rest will assume the form of a debt to the government.
The figures in Table 2 also demonstrate that, in 1997–2000, the Russian authorities, who maximized fiscal revenues of the budget, disregarded the interests of the producer when they established a nominal fiscal load rate that exceeded Laffer point, genus 2, by one or two percentage points. Such excesses arose from bad miscalculations that marked government fiscal policy, which confirms yet again the basic thesis: the fiscal climate in Russia during the time of economic reform cannot be described as liberal (this conclusion is at odds with the hasty conclusion in about the fiscal wellbeing of the Russian economy).
It can be stated, therefore, that at present, the onesided orthodox Laffer curve concept, which uses only Laffer points, genus 2, is altogether unsuitable for the Russian economy; it which requires its expanded version, considered above. The value of the gap between the two Laffer points should act as perhaps the principal criterion and indicator of the efficiency of the national fiscal system.
In this context, it is easy to visualize the logic of fiscal regulation, which can be presented in terms of three goals (guiding principles).The first is to eliminate the contradiction between the interests of the producer and those of the budget, proof of which is the almost complete coincidence of Laffer points, genera 1 and 2: q* ≈ q**. The second is to balance the nominal fiscal load on the left–hand arc of Laffer production curve and to prevent it from going beyond Laffer point, genus 1: qN < q* The third is to enforce tax discipline so as to minimize tax arrears, which would bar the producer from using the primitive method of neutralizing the pressure of taxes by evading them: qZ ≈ 0.
This philosophy of fiscal policy development allows wide use of all the fiscal indicators considered in this article. In view of the simplicity of the proposed tools, they can be of very real help when applied prognostic analytical calculations are made.
To decide conclusively the question of the efficiency of the indicators considered above, first of all, Laffer points, genera 1 and 2, we must find proof of their correctness and objectivity. With this end in view, let us consider the issue of invariance of Laffer points, that is, check calculated values q* and q** for stability, as was done in .
R2= 0.999; DW = 1.99.
Calculations showed that the change of the mode of macrofactor recording did not cause a shift of the previously obtained values of Laffer points, genera 1 and 2. To confirm this, let us only say that the maximum disparity between Laffer points, genus 1 in the two scenarios was only 0.38 percentage points, and the minimum one was 0.05 percentage points. In the case of Laffer points, genus 2, the deviation was 0.45 and 0.01 percentage points respectively (a more detailed numeric analysis is found in ).
R2= 0.946; DW = 1.57.
Testing the values of Laffer points for invariance in the case of the Russian economy showed that the genus 1 point was determined with a very high degree of accuracy, and that for the genus 2 point the maximum shift was two percentage points, from 37 to 39% of GDR This error can be considered quite satisfactory.
We see, therefore, that the invariance tests of Laffer points for the United States and Russian economies indicate that the qualitative conclusions made in this article deserve to be treated with confidence, since any shifts of quantitative evaluations cannot essentially alter the picture we have drawn.
Since the final outcome of the analysis of production fiscal effects should be a decision on the change of individual tax rates, the task in question should involve a transition from individual fiscal instruments with their rate values to aggregate fiscal load. If this procedure is accomplished, the impact of each tax on economic growth and budget revenues can be directly evaluated.
The results of the calculations for principal fiscal instruments as applied to Russia’s economy are presented in Table 3.
Thus, the approach (13)–(15) implies realizing a very simple two–step algorithm of the influence of tax interest rates on economic growth. At the first step, the influence of changes in the tax interest rate on the aggregate fiscal load, and at the second, the influence of changes in the aggregate fiscal load on economic growth is determined. The first–step calculations are supported by formulas (13), (14), and (15), and the second–step calculations, by econometric models in the form of production–institutional dependencies.
Needless to say, the proposed approach is designed for aggregated calculations. Since economic branches and segments react in different ways to changes of taxes, the proposed averaged calculations will produce good results only when large–scale structural economic transformations are absent. However, in any case, this approach can be used in provisional forecasts of the possible impact of changes in the tax climate on economic growth and budget revenues.
1. E. V. Balatskii, “Using Production–Institutional Functions to Analyze the Influence of Tax Load on Economic Growth,” Probl. Prognozir. 14 (2) (2003) [Stud. Russ. Econ. Dev. 14 (2) (2003)].
2. E. V. Balatskii, “The Invariance of Laffer Fiscal Points,” Mirovaya Ekon. Mezhdunar. Otnosheniya, No. 6 (2003).
3. A. B. Gusev, Taxes and Economic Growth: Theories and Empirical Estimators (Ekonomika i pravo, Moscow, 2003) [in Russian].
4. A. B. Gusev, Candidate’s Dissertation in Economics (IMEI, Moscow, 2003).
5. E. V. Balatskii, “Reproduction Cycle and Tax Burden,” Ekon. Matem. Metody, No. 1 (2000).
6. R. Kh. Ibragimov, Candidate’s Dissertation in Economics (IMEI, Moscow, 2001).
7. E. V. Balatskii, “Efficiency of State Fiscal Policy,” Probl. Prognozir. 11 (5) (2000) [Stud. Russ. Econ. Dev. 11 (5) (2000)].
8. http://www.un.org/Depts/unsd/gs_natstat.htm/, list of official sites of national statistical services on the UN site (http://www.un.org).
9. http://www.polyconomics.com/, official site of the University of Supply Economics, USA.
10. http://www.bea.gov/, official site of the Bureau of Economic Analysis, USA.
11. http://www.scb.se/, official site of the Swedish Statistical Office.
12. http://www.statistics.gov.uk/, official site of the National Statistics Service, UK.
13. http://www.ifs.org.uk/, official site of the Institute of Fiscal Studies, UK.
14. http://yu www.minfin.ru/, official site of the RF Ministry of Finance.
15. http://www.nalog.ru/, official site of the RF Ministry of Taxes and Duties.
16. Russian Statistical Yearbook: A Data Book (Goskomstat RF, Moscow, 2002) [in Russian].
The initial data used in the calculation can be found on the official web–sites of the national statistical services and are entered on the relevant register on the UN server . When forming the block of data on the US economy, an extensive use was made of resources [9, 10]; for Sweden, ; for Great Britain, [12, 13]; and for Russia, [13–16]. The figures in parentheses under the regressive model coefficients are the values of the corresponding t–statistics; N is the number of observations; R2 is the determination coefficient; FS is the value of F–statistics; and DW is the Durbin–Watson autocorrelation coefficient.
For the economies of Great Britain and Sweden, the capital factor (F) was recognized as capital investment because these countries’ national statistical systems lack a fixed capital index.
The author would like to thank A.B. Gusev for assistance in the collection of information and the conduct of calculations, as well as Yu. V. Kuznetsov for his valuable criticism.
This conclusion becomes even more convincing if equation (9) is rewritten in terms of elasticity indicators with account of correlation T = qY(q): μ = 1 + ζ, where ζ = (q/Y)(dY/dq) is the tax elasticity of output; and μ = (q/T)(dT/dq) is the tax elasticity of fiscal revenue. It follows that elasticity li can be positive even when elasticity ζ, is negative.
The fiscal arrears indicator comprises the element of overdue debt. Correspondingly, transferring a debt from one period to another may appear illegitimate when calculating the nominal tax burden rate over a certain period. In our view, however, this procedure is illegitimate only in the case of static (spot) analysis, when just one year is considered. If your analysis becomes dynamic, that is, when temporal (dynamic) series are considered, this approach is justified. In this case, the arrears of the current year include part of the previous year’s arrears, while part of the current year’s arrears goes over to the next year. Such continuity in the intertemporal overflow of overdue fiscal arrears implies their constant presence, which justifies the use of our technique of evaluation of fiscal arrears.
Balatskii E.V. The Influence of Fiscal Instruments on Economic Growth: An Evaluation// «Studies on Russian Economic Development», Vol. 15. No. 4. 2004. pp. 412–419. | 2019-04-23T16:06:56Z | http://nonerg-econ.ru/cat/10/395/ |
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"Thank you for adding this wonderful tea to your collection.
"Again, my order arrived in two days, just in time for the weekend. The teas are absolutely wonderful. I order something new each time. This time I find the Golden Buds superb. What I like about ordering from Holy Mountain is that you can get small quantities to try at a time. Your other products are also enticing. There's a local shop here that sells Yiching pots, around $35-40 dollars but not as diverse as yours. I believe I'm in need of a water fountain, maybe next time. Till then, Thanks again. (Need an East Coast Rep?)"
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"Thank you for recommending Lu Zhen to me. It’s now my second favorite green tea, next to Drum Mountain Clouds & Mist I find that Lu Zhen has a rich, almost chocolate-like fragrance and taste—remarkable in a green tea. Like Drum Mountain Clouds & Mist, it’s unlike anything else I’ve tried.
"I’ve already praised Drum Mountain Clouds & Mist to you, and I don’t know how else to explain why it’s my favorite tea, except to say that its qualities are so unique that they can’t be compared to any other taste or fragrance, and they place this tea in a category all its own. It can’t be described, only tasted. Perhaps one reason I like it so much is because I’m a monk, and this tea was originally developed and cultivated by monks. But it’s not just the knowledge of the origin of this tea that makes it special to me; it’s the tea itself.
"I look forward to trying your Lu Shan Yun Wu when you receive the spring crop in June. I hope it will be at least reminiscent of Drum Mountain Clouds & Mist.
"In closing, I would like to thank you once again for your incredible work in making these rare teas available, and in presenting them in such a way as to bring out their historical and cultural context. As far as I can see, there’s no place in America that even comes close to you as a purveyor of teas."
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"Wanted to drop you a note to thank you for your prompt handling and excellent packing of the tea pots order for my father. He received the order on the day it was expected to arrive via UPS. However, he waited until today (Father's Day) to open it. As a self-proclaimed 'tea fanatic', he was thrilled with the tea pots and the tea sampler and vowed to have a 'tea time' today using his Japanese iron tea pot.
"Many thanks again for your prompt processing and shipping of the order. My father and step mother will be having birthdays soon. Perhaps I'll be visiting your web site for a few more tea pots and tea samplers. If so, looking forward to doing business with you again. It was certainly a pleasure doing so. Take care."
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"Leon ... the fountain arrived safely, and we are very impressed with the quality and workmanship. It is very well made and the instructions are clear and concise. Congratulations on marketing such a fine product, and thanks for your help in arranging to get it shipped so quickly."
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- Robin B., Washington, D.C.
"I just wanted to forward a quick note to express my gratitude to you for assisting me in selecting an appropriate gift set to send out. The recipients were thrilled at the quality of the japanese teapot and matching cups and are eagerly awaiting the opportunity to try out the green tea sampler that accompanied the other items. I deeply appreciate the personal attention you paid in all the various aspects of choosing just the right items and shipping it with care so it arrived in perfect condition. I will highly recommend you to anyone that is looking for a unique and quality product for either personal use or to send as a gift. Holy Mountain is tops! and I can't re-iterate enough my appreciation to your quality service.
"A customer for a lifetime,"
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"You helped me with a gift purchase just before Christmas, and I wanted you to know that the Shisabi Komon (Antique Grey Komon) Teapot arrived in plenty of time for Christmas. Your suggestion that the teapot be sent Priority Mail, instead of normal surface shipping (at no extra cost) both placated my fears and ensured the teapot's timely arrival. The teapot was of excellent quality, and exactly as depicted and described on your website. My brother was very pleased, as am I.
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"Normally, I would never write a Merchant a letter of support; however, to those individuals at Holy Mountain Trading Company, I wanted to say, 'Thank You.' I was tentative to use the Internet as a means of shopping for a Christmas gift but this was a very enjoyable process. Not only did I receive my purchase in a imely manner, I was delighted to find that the gentleman's suggestion, as to which type of Japanese Tea Pot I should purchase, was exactly what my girlfriend wanted for Christmas.
"Once again, thank you for your help and the wonderful products your company represents."
"The Bottleneck Prayer teapot arrived yesterday afternoon and it is just wonderful. It is a great addition to my collection and I really appreciate the quick response to my order and the free postage. I have got so many lovely pots that I can no longer claim my favorite. Thanks again for the service and I'll be looking into your site often. The gallery you recently added has some really great pictures."
"Thanks for the speedy delivery and processing! The yixing pot has arrived safe n sound and looks way cooler than the website pictures could ever have revealed (probably because it's in 3D). I will look forward to tasting tea from it a hundred cups down the road. Keep this station tuned for more orders..."
"The yellow glaze teapot arrived in perfect condition. Thanks for helping make such excellent work available, both by mail and electronically. Your new website additions are beautiful! I'll be placing another order very soon."
"I just want to say that you have a great service. The pu-erh teas which I purchased are exquisite. My friends keep coming over and drinking all of my tea! I had to give them your Internet address. Soon you will have another order from me."
"I received my two teapots yesterday, well ahead of the birthday deadline, and I just want to let you know how pleased I am. The order was carefully packed and very speedy. My two Bamboo Shoot teapots are exquisite......and their green fabric covered latched boxes are like gifts all by themselves! I am delighted and will not hesitate to order from you in the future."
"Just wanted to say thanks for providing great teas and teaware at a very affordable price. And thanks for the quick service. The Tian Mu Qing Ding tea I received yesterday is now my favorite Chinese green tea."
"Just received my order and I am impressed with the service. Getting my order so promptly is a big plus in your favor. Both teas smell great, which is important. I think I¹ll brew a small pot right now. I also like your resealable bags. Looks like a technological step forward over the traditional metal and cardboard tea box. And technology is real important here is Silicon Valley."
"All items arrived in excellent condition. They are exquisite and exceptional!! Looking forward to the Dragon's Egg Teapot."
"My first order from you arrived today. The Spring Blossom Pekoe is absolutely delicious!!!!! The Snow Dragon is a pleasant surprise as well. It is quite more delicate than I had expected and I love it that way. The cold weather that has set in couldn't have come at a better time to enjoy a cup of your great hot tea. I shall spread the word among my friends and you will hear more from me. Thanks for your great care and personal touch in handling my order.
"Received the replacement teapots today, and started the seasoning process. They are beautiful teapots, and a nice addition to my collection. Thank you for your prompt service and attention. This will not be my last order." | 2019-04-25T14:18:36Z | http://www.holymtn.com/catalog/index.php?main_page=page&id=1&chapter=0 |
Computer science is the scientific and practical approach to computation and its applications. It is the systematic study of the feasibility, structure, expression, and mechanization of the methodical procedures (or algorithms) that underlie the acquisition, representation, processing, storage, communication of, and access to information, whether such information is encoded as bits in a computer memory or transcribed in genes and protein structures in a biological cell. A computer scientist specializes in the theory of computation and the design of computational systems.
Its subfields can be divided into a variety of theoretical and practical disciplines. Some fields, such as computational complexity theory (which explores the fundamental properties of computational and intractable problems), are highly abstract, while fields such as computer graphics emphasize real-world visual applications. Still other fields focus on the challenges in implementing computation. For example, programming language theory considers various approaches to the description of computation, while the study of computer programming itself investigates various aspects of the use ofprogramming language and complex systems. Human–computer interaction considers the challenges in making computers and computations useful, usable, and universally accessible to humans.
The earliest foundations of what would become computer science predate the invention of the modern digital computer. Machines for calculating fixed numerical tasks such as theabacus have existed since antiquity, aiding in computations such as multiplication and division. Further, algorithms for performing computations have existed since antiquity, even before sophisticated computing equipment were created. The ancient Sanskrit treatiseShulba Sutras, or "Rules of the Chord", is a book of algorithms written in 800 BCE for constructing geometric objects like altars using a peg and chord, an early precursor of the modern field of computational geometry.
Blaise Pascal designed and constructed the first working mechanical calculator, Pascal's calculator, in 1642. In 1673 Gottfried Leibniz demonstrated a digital mechanical calculator, called the 'Stepped Reckoner'. He may be considered the first computer scientist and information theorist, for, among other reasons, documenting the binary number system. In 1820, Thomas de Colmar launched the mechanical calculator industry when he released his simplified arithmometer, which was the first calculating machine strong enough and reliable enough to be used daily in an office environment. Charles Babbage started the design of the first automatic mechanical calculator, his difference engine, in 1822, which eventually gave him the idea of the first programmable mechanical calculator, his Analytical Engine. He started developing this machine in 1834 and "in less than two years he had sketched out many of the salient features of the modern computer. A crucial step was the adoption of a punched card system derived from the Jacquard loom" making it infinitely programmable. In 1843, during the translation of a French article on the analytical engine,Ada Lovelace wrote, in one of the many notes she included, an algorithm to compute theBernoulli numbers, which is considered to be the first computer program. Around 1885,Herman Hollerith invented the tabulator, which used punched cards to process statistical information; eventually his company became part of IBM. In 1937, one hundred years after Babbage's impossible dream, Howard Aiken convinced IBM, which was making all kinds of punched card equipment and was also in the calculator business to develop his giant programmable calculator, the ASCC/Harvard Mark I, based on Babbage's analytical engine, which itself used cards and a central computing unit. When the machine was finished, some hailed it as "Babbage's dream come true".
Although many initially believed it was impossible that computers themselves could actually be a scientific field of study, in the late fifties it gradually became accepted among the greater academic population. It is the now well-known IBM brand that formed part of the computer science revolution during this time. IBM (short for International Business Machines) released the IBM 704 and later the IBM 709 computers, which were widely used during the exploration period of such devices. "Still, working with the IBM [computer] was frustrating ... if you had misplaced as much as one letter in one instruction, the program would crash, and you would have to start the whole process over again". During the late 1950s, the computer science discipline was very much in its developmental stages, and such issues were commonplace.
Time has seen significant improvements in the usability and effectiveness of computing technology. Modern society has seen a significant shift in the users of computer technology, from usage only by experts and professionals, to a near-ubiquitous user base. Initially, computers were quite costly, and some degree of human aid was needed for efficient use - in part from professional computer operators. As computer adoption became more widespread and affordable, less human assistance was needed for common usage.
Despite its short history as a formal academic discipline, computer science has made a number of fundamental contributions to science and society - in fact, along with electronics, it is a founding science of the current epoch of human history called the Information Age and a driver of the Information Revolution, seen as the third major leap in human technological progress after the Industrial Revolution (1750-1850 CE) and the Agricultural Revolution (8000-5000 BCE).
The start of the "digital revolution", which includes the current Information Ageand the Internet.
Computer graphics and computer-generated imagery have become ubiquitous in modern entertainment, particularly intelevision, cinema, advertising, animation and video games. Even films that feature no explicit CGI are usually "filmed" now on digital cameras, or edited or postprocessed using a digital video editor.
Artificial intelligence is becoming increasingly important as it gets more efficient and complex. There are many applications of the AI, some of which can be seen at home, such as robotic vacuum cleaners. It is also present in video games and on the modern battlefield in drones, anti-missile systems, and squad support robots.
The term "computer science" appears in a 1959 article in Communications of the ACM, in which Louis Fein argues for the creation of a Graduate School in Computer Sciences analogous to the creation of Harvard Business School in 1921,justifying the name by arguing that, like management science, the subject is applied and interdisciplinary in nature, while having the characteristics typical of an academic discipline. His efforts, and those of others such as numerical analystGeorge Forsythe, were rewarded: universities went on to create such programs, starting with Purdue in 1962. Despite its name, a significant amount of computer science does not involve the study of computers themselves. Because of this, several alternative names have been proposed. Certain departments of major universities prefer the term computing science, to emphasize precisely that difference. Danish scientist Peter Naur suggested the term datalogy, to reflect the fact that the scientific discipline revolves around data and data treatment, while not necessarily involving computers. The first scientific institution to use the term was the Department of Datalogy at the University of Copenhagen, founded in 1969, with Peter Naur being the first professor in datalogy. The term is used mainly in the Scandinavian countries. Also, in the early days of computing, a number of terms for the practitioners of the field of computing were suggested in theCommunications of the ACM – turingineer, turologist, flow-charts-man, applied meta-mathematician, and appliedepistemologist. Three months later in the same journal, comptologist was suggested, followed next year by hypologist.The term computics has also been suggested. In Europe, terms derived from contracted translations of the expression "automatic information" (e.g. "informazione automatica" in Italian) or "information and mathematics" are often used, e.g.informatique (French), Informatik (German), informatica (Italy, The Netherlands), informática (Spain, Portugal), informatika(Slavic languages and Hungarian) or pliroforiki (πληροφορική, which means informatics) in Greek. Similar words have also been adopted in the UK (as in the School of Informatics of the University of Edinburgh).
A folkloric quotation, often attributed to—but almost certainly not first formulated by—Edsger Dijkstra, states that "computer science is no more about computers than astronomy is about telescopes."[note 1] The design and deployment of computers and computer systems is generally considered the province of disciplines other than computer science. For example, the study of computer hardware is usually considered part of computer engineering, while the study of commercial computer systems and their deployment is often called information technology or information systems. However, there has been much cross-fertilization of ideas between the various computer-related disciplines. Computer science research also often intersects other disciplines, such as philosophy, cognitive science, linguistics, mathematics, physics, biology, statistics, andlogic.
Computer science is considered by some to have a much closer relationship with mathematics than many scientific disciplines, with some observers saying that computing is a mathematical science. Early computer science was strongly influenced by the work of mathematicians such as Kurt Gödel and Alan Turing, and there continues to be a useful interchange of ideas between the two fields in areas such as mathematical logic, category theory, domain theory, andalgebra.
The relationship between computer science and software engineering is a contentious issue, which is further muddied bydisputes over what the term "software engineering" means, and how computer science is defined. David Parnas, taking a cue from the relationship between other engineering and science disciplines, has claimed that the principal focus of computer science is studying the properties of computation in general, while the principal focus of software engineering is the design of specific computations to achieve practical goals, making the two separate but complementary disciplines.
As a discipline, computer science spans a range of topics from theoretical studies of algorithms and the limits of computation to the practical issues of implementing computing systems in hardware and software. CSAB, formerly called Computing Sciences Accreditation Board – which is made up of representatives of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), and the IEEE Computer Society (IEEE-CS) – identifies four areas that it considers crucial to the discipline of computer science: theory of computation, algorithms and data structures, programming methodology and languages, and computer elements and architecture. In addition to these four areas, CSAB also identifies fields such as software engineering, artificial intelligence, computer networking and telecommunications, database systems, parallel computation, distributed computation, computer-human interaction, computer graphics, operating systems, and numerical and symbolic computation as being important areas of computer science.
The famous "P=NP?" problem, one of the Millennium Prize Problems, is an open problem in the theory of computation.
Information theory is related to the quantification of information. This was developed by Claude E. Shannon to find fundamental limits on signal processing operations such as compressing data and on reliably storing and communicating data. Coding theory is the study of the properties of codes (systems for converting information from one form to another) and their fitness for a specific application. Codes are used for data compression, cryptography, error detection and correction, and more recently also for network coding. Codes are studied for the purpose of designing efficient and reliabledata transmission methods.
Software engineering is the study of designing, implementing, and modifying software in order to ensure it is of high quality, affordable, maintainable, and fast to build. It is a systematic approach to software design, involving the application of engineering practices to software. Software engineering deals with the organizing and analyzing of software— it doesn't just deal with the creation or manufacture of new software, but its internal maintenance and arrangement. Both computer applications software engineers and computer systems software engineers are projected to be among the fastest growing occupations from 2008 and 2018.
Leibniz's, Boole's, Alan Turing's, Shannon's, & Morse's insight: There are only 2 objects that a computer has to deal with in order to represent "anything"
All the information about any computable problem can be represented using only 0 & 1 (or any other bistable pair that can flip-flop between two easily distinguishable states,such as "on"/"off", "magnetized/de-magnetized", "high-voltage/low-voltage", etc.).
Alan Turing's insight: There are only 5 actions that a computer has to perform in order to do "anything"
Böhm and Jacopini's insight: There are only 3 ways of combining these actions (into more complex ones) that are needed in order for a computer to do "anything"
Some universities teach computer science as a theoretical study of computation and algorithmic reasoning. These programs often feature the theory of computation, analysis of algorithms, formal methods, concurrency theory, databases, computer graphics, and systems analysis, among others. They typically also teach computer programming, but treat it as a vessel for the support of other fields of computer science rather than a central focus of high-level study. The ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Curriculum Task Force "Computing Curriculum 2005" (and 2008 update) gives a guideline for university curriculum.
Other colleges and universities, as well as secondary schools and vocational programs that teach computer science, emphasize the practice of advanced programming rather than the theory of algorithms and computation in their computer science curricula. Such curricula tend to focus on those skills that are important to workers entering the software industry. The process aspects of computer programming are often referred to as software engineering.
While computer science professions increasingly drive the U.S. economy, computer science education is absent in most American K-12 curricula. A report entitled "Running on Empty: The Failure to Teach K-12 Computer Science in the Digital Age" was released in October 2010 by Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and Computer Science Teachers Association (CSTA), and revealed that only 14 states have adopted significant education standards for high school computer science. The report also found that only nine states count high school computer science courses as a core academic subject in their graduation requirements. In tandem with "Running on Empty", a new non-partisan advocacy coalition - Computing in the Core (CinC) - was founded to influence federal and state policy, such as the Computer Science Education Act, which calls for grants to states to develop plans for improving computer science education and supporting computer science teachers.
Within the United States a gender gap in computer science education has been observed as well. Research conducted by the WGBH Educational Foundation and the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) revealed that more than twice as many high school boys considered computer science to be a "very good" or "good" college major than high school girls.In addition, the high school Advanced Placement (AP) exam for computer science has displayed a disparity in gender. Compared to other AP subjects it has the lowest number of female participants, with a composition of about 15 percent women. This gender gap in computer science is further witnessed at the college level, where 31 percent of undergraduate computer science degrees are earned by women and only 8 percent of computer science faculty consists of women. According to an article published by the Epistemic Games Group in August 2012, the number of women graduates in the computer science field has declined to 13 percent.
A 2014 Mother Jones article, "We Can Code It", advocates for adding computer literacy and coding to the K-12 curriculum in the United States, and notes that computer science is not incorporated into the requirements for the Common Core State Standards Initiative. | 2019-04-19T05:26:22Z | https://prfreelancing.blogspot.com/2015/01/computer-science.html |
Discussion in 'Science & Society' started by q0101, Aug 15, 2006.
WHERE do you people get your knowledge from !!!!!!!!!!!!
That was obviously made up. Egypt has a meditarrenean enviroment, which means the soil should turns more red than black. Besides, I think its pretty stupid to name a land when its wet, how about naming it based on its natural color. Egypt has a natural hue of sandstone white and red. And if that soil was so black, what about the really wet regions of Savanna Africa. What made the soil of ancient Egypt more "dark" than the mangrove regions? HAHAHAH! Of cause the original Egyptians were white, they also had red hair and blue eyes.
After reading all of the messages in this thread I have come to the conclusion that the Europeans and North Africans of the past did a good job of making sure that the humans beings that existed in the future would be influenced by the cultural beliefs that they created to control the way that people feel about themselves. We are living in a world where millions of Africans and Asians with darker complexions actual hate the melanin in their skin. Millions of people around the world are calling themselves black without thinking about the reasons why the word is used to describe some segments of our population. And lets not forget about the blond haired, bleu eyed Aryans that are suffering from delusions of grandeur. Whenever I read the messages of the racists and the so-called black people on this website I usually feel sad and amused at the same time.
By the way, did anyone read the message that was posted by Shutupandlisten. This black and white Egyptian debate should have ended along time ago, but I suppose that there are people here that just can’t believe that the puny brains of the monkey people… oh sorry “black people” would actually be capable of performing the tasks that are required to create a great civilization.
I said it before and I will say it again. The only people in the world that should be called white are albinos and a few Caucasians. And the only people the world that should be called black are a few Africans, Asians, and Australian aborigines with extremely dark complexions. However, if you looked closely at the skin of these individuals you would see that it is dark brown. There are no real black people in the world. The words “black” and “white” is more about good and evil than it is about the amount of melanin in a person’s skin. Black is just a word that was used to insult people with dark complexions in the past.
Interesting point. A few years ago P.B.S did special about this very subject. They sent a Black Harvard Professor to Africa to speak with the locals about their racial idenitities. And to his suprise, most Black Africans say that they're "Arab". In Africa, Blacks have a stigma of being the slave class. And if you're a descendant of a slave class, then you're on the lower half of the social caste system. And the funny thing was these so called Arabs looked no more Arab then Mike Tyson, but they insisted that they were.
I hear that this is what the Arab militia in Sudan means, blacks who call themselves Arab.
With out a shadow of doubt, the Ancient Egyptians were a multi-cultural society, but the majority of its inhabitants were anywhere from Reddish-Brown(like a lot of modern day Somalians) to Jet black.. Western scholars have to look no further than the description given by their father of history himself, the famous Greek historian Herotodus!
Directly from the horses mouth: Herodotus trying to explain the relationship between the Ancient Colchians and Egyptians.
^Also the Ethiopians referred to the Egyptians as a former colony, led out of Ethiopia through the direction of Osiris.
Also, Egypt(Mizraim) was considered in the Bible to be of Ham.. Ham bore 4 nations/Sons: Cush(Kush-Nubia), (Canaan, Phoenicians), Phut(Punt-Ancient Somolia and Ethiopia), and Egypt! Ham is undeniably African, Mormons even used "the curse of Ham" to justify racism against blacks.. The Semites were descendants of Shem, Europeans came from Japheth..
DNA is also very mis-leading in determining race.. The only thing that one can do is pin point certain mutations in DNA, very minor differences.. Seeing as how Africa has the most diversity on the planet, I don't see how one can fit any African into a particular racial category. Africans have always had a variety of features, including the "so-called" European features. Africa is a huge continent with various environments to adapt to. If I were dug up 2,000 years from now I'd most definitely be considered Caucasoid under today's superficial definition of race. Also, thanx to Dr.Cheikh Anta Diop, we have definitive proof that Egyptians were black skinned. He created the melanin dosage test and used it on mummies to determine that indeed, the Egyptians were of a dark skinned race. Ironically, the U.S forensic department adopted this practice to determine the race of burn victims, lol..
The biggest shred of evidence that eurocentrics have in the theory that even some Egyptians were Caucasoid is finding 1 or 2 mummies with reddish hair. Yet even with this, Ramses II is theorized to be of Lybian origin, if not, there's still evidence of admixture near the Nile Delta in Lower Egypt.. The Upper Egyptians remain dark-complexioned and posses indigenous African features up until today!
Also check this video out.. Very good at debunking some of the myths from Western Society concerning Egypt!
Think about this.. With today's critical analysis of race and its classifications aside, ask your self this.. If an Ancient Egyptian lived in America in the 1950's and 60's and needed a ride home, would he have to sit at the back of the bus, or at the front?
Thats because black is not a race. There was no such thing as black in Africa until Europeans brought the concept to Africa. The fighting in sudan makes perfect sense from a tribal perspective.
Tribes of Europeans have been fighting before too, it's nothing new.
"The Bible calls Egypt the land of Khawm, and remember one of the meanings of Khawm is black, so The Bible is calling Egypt "The Land of Black" which is what Khemet means. Egypt is called the land of Khawm because the Egyptians were descendants of Noah's son Khawm. This is more than likely the reason they called themselves Khemet. The Bible supports the fact that the Egyptians were a black-skinned people."
"Ham (Khawm) in Hebrew means BLACK, HOT AND BURNT?"
HAM comes from the Hebrew word, "CHAM" which means: hot, warm; a son of Noah; it is derived from the word, "chamam" which means: to be hot (literally or figuratively); enflame self; get (have) heat; to be (wax) hot or warm.
There is NOTHING stating that it means "black" or "burnt". You can be "hot" without being either black or burnt. One is not indicative of the other.
Genesis 14:5 is the only verse out of the 17 in which "Ham" comes from a different root word. In this instance, "Ham" comes from the Hebrew word, "HAWM" which is simply listed as "a region in Palestine."
Again, no mention of black or burnt. KHAWM is NOT the word used in either instance. Khawm may (still have found no proof of that) mean burnt and black, but Khawm does NOT appear in the Bible, nor does it appear in the concordance."
Additionally, The word "Egypt" appears in the Bible NUMEROUS times. In most instances it comes from the Hebrew word, "Mitsrayim" which refers to Upper and Lower Egypt. It is derived from the word, "matsowr" which means: a limit; Egypt (as the border of Palestine); besieged places; defence; fortified; something hemming; a mound; a siege; distress.
The other instances, in the Greek, come from the word "Aiguptos" which means "land of the Nile."
Again - no mention of "black" or "burnt" anywhere.
I think skin color is the most common thing that people talk about when they are having a conversation about race or racism, followed by religion.
Brown or Reddish-Brown either denotes the color of modeling clay not to confuse & disalluse anyone on skin color or the color of the nationals of Egypt. Black and white is a informal classification, there is not a nation that denotes itself in a full category of being either. This is reserved to religious character and to nationality within a nation. White people have ruled in Africa as well as Black people, theres a trend that augments this with regards to beliefs and objectives. Where a Black could fail to complete the objective a White might have more capability and become a leader as a result, so it matters crutially only in that regards. Where a colonization of peoples of earth are present this day is more likely a defined larger area than it will be in the future, the earth changed over the years and with some critic analysis parts of the earth were not even used for their terrains were not as suitable while some terrains were capitalized on to obtaion materials to construct with leaving the terrain a uninhabitable disaster. I believe the earth shift from a complete solid mass with small amounts of salt water changed the directives amongst the smarter generation of immigrants in so much as Egypt could have grown into a grander nation, the generation before Egyptians would have brought knowledge of terrain and abundant food resources, how else could Egyptians have developed from a ancient generation before that, if not some creatures that reinhabited space before the Egyptians and they denote this as wall paintings. Again color in wall paintings were not accurate, animals shared at most part the same colors as people if any at all. This could be a clue that creature inhabitantation had a greater objective once and perhaps more intelligence than they do now as numbers of them grew to over populate areas and numbers of them became extinct.
Hamanity includes all race, color, national origins, and creeds; theres no difference in classes. Humanity chose to look for extraterrestrials and nothing of the order of being white or black entered into the seeking objective. How would you rate your intelligence? Are they white or black or just anything goes in your description is OK. Could there be a higher form of cellular infrastructures that can reconstruct themselves at random, what are we looking for a white and black messiah or prophet from another planet or solar system to show us what we do not know or to show us how wrong we are to classify intelligence as white or black?
Constitution, makeup, complexion and temperament of a person can be inter-realted or inter-dependant and these might had been effected by environment prevailed in any region. Effect of any environment of blood flow and its impact on complexion, constitution etc. can be related. Hot and cold atmosphere may cause variation in blood flow..vasodilation and vasoconstriction alike thermoregulation in body which may cause changes in complexion and temperament. Differenciating complexion and temperaments may cause differenciating behaviours resuting in to differences.
I am not sure about moisture effect on complexion and temperaments. Pls tell.
Blond / Blue eye Jews.. tee hee, they have no connection to the Asian/African races that all Israelites were composed of.
Also watch actual forensic science shows where they found the bradid scalp of a blond hair woman they could not identify.. later they figured it out, that hair is bleached out when it comes in contact with specific elements..
One of the funnies I love is the two golden hair mummies they like to use for the blond caper... then I like to show them in life they were painted with black hair.
What kind of chemicals did they pump into their skulls?
Racism is a cultural phenomenon, not a biological one.
I'm still waiting for you to prove the Egyptians werent black, thats humorous. If you said that in a college classroom, in front of a history professor, or any serious person the whole classroom would most likely laugh at you.
They wernt apparently they mostly were pale skinned red heads.
For the last decades of his life, Ramesses II was essentially crippled with arthritis and walked with a hunched back, but a recent study excluded ankylosing spondylitis as a possible cause of the pharaoh's arthritis. A significant hole in the pharaoh's mandible was detected while "an abscess by his teeth was serious enough to have caused death by infection, although this cannot be determined with certainty." Microscopic inspection of the roots of Ramesses II's hair proved that the original color of the king's hair was once red which suggests that he came from a family of redheads. This has more than just cosmetic significance; in ancient Egypt, people with red hair were associated with the god Seth, the slayer of Osiris, and the name of Ramesses II's father, Seti I, means "follower of Seth." After Ramesses' mummy returned to Egypt, it was visited by then-President Anwar Sadat and his wife.
An excellent blow struck at the Afrocentrists.
instructed not to mix with other races, but as Eve decided to partake of the forbidden fruit, mixing was inevitable.
Maybe some whites believe they are God's chosen people to rule over all others.
What on Earth do you base this on? And do you believe it yourself?
It could be that Adam and Eve (biblical) were the first white people, and were instructed not to mix with other races, but as Eve decided to partake of the forbidden fruit, mixing was inevitable.
The problem with all notions of "whiteness" (as I'm sure I pointed out last year before this thread was resurrected from the dead) is that skin pigmentation is one of the most ephemeral human characteristics. It can change completely in just a hundred generations!
The Bengalis are just as "Caucasian" as the Latvians, and in fact are more closely related to them than the western Europeans are.
I assume that some biblical "scholar" has pinpointed the location of the Garden of Eden to some place in Babylonia. This would make Adam and Eve Semitic, a "race" that most "white" people did not consider "white" until rather recently--if at all.
I have read the threads from 1-10 what I witness how thoroughly some have been trained and demonized. Some whites will go to the grave misinformed and blinded. They will never see the truth and because of their conditioning have no desire for the truth. Has anyone noticed the reactions and rationalizing going on? It is not hard to figure out the cause. The Africans including the people of Kmt (Egypt) believe that when a person dies his karma is set or caste. The Ancient Kemetic (Egyptians) says what escapes you in life will escape you in death. You will not have the chance to rationalize in death, you are free to choose. Free to refuse to see what is in front of you, you are free to trick your self, to deceive your self, and hide your self from you, to get lost, to self destruct, you freely excepted what made you feel superior, you joined into an agreement that is self perpetuating inside of you, I can see from here it is eating you up. You are blind, deaf, and proved to the intelligent word that you are dumb. They say you will lose your ability to reverse the damages once you pass a certain point of self delusion. In modern terms it is called psychosis. You are lost to yourself. The Ancient Kemet (Egypt) People know about these things and left a message. They said you tell stories to try to make your self seem more ancient than you really are. . But you don’t know them. Your focus is on the Color of their skin and while it is dark in color it’s blinding you. Do you see them with their family the love they have for, there children, and wives, and the children loved their father and mothers, it was not about, death, it was about life Ba and Ka. is life. They built the moments through public works. The people working on the moments ate the best meat, the best wheat, the best drink, and housing. They had nappy hair and wore wig and extensions, and every shade of brown was there skin this is natural. .. Their world is not how you imagined it. You are subjecting your ideas onto them. How does it make you feel when that part of your mind that you have left gives you a peek into reality? Does it scare you that much? Boo what are you afraid of? The thought that you are even a little bit intelligent is part of your delusion. None of this is even your idea that is the sad part because you don’t even exist. Your mind is the playground of the puppet master Pinocchio. The night of the living dead. Truth is stranger than Science Fiction... Your words are smoke and mirrors. You have squandered your potential to become human for a few good feeling of hormones that are released when you feel superior. Good luck with that. Your new purpose in life is to be recognized by the intelligent life as what to avoid. You are a lesson to the rest of us. You are the chaos they worn us about. A lesson to be learned.
But I don’t think you are interested in what the Ancient were about, you want to be in the picture like the Greeks, Romans, and Arabs did and do. You are something less than human less than animal you are unique in this regards. a living dead thing, with a contagious disease and everything you touch becomes corrupt. The antidote (the truth will set you free). If you get over your illness the world would be a better place. Your ignorance is yours to own It is your identification. And you will not be able to hold anyone else reasonable for it. You are a disrespectful dollop. In the cosmic scam of things you are nothing but a good example of what not to be. You know who you are.
The forensics evidence on hair analysis, DNA, Linguist, geologist anthropologist observation. Read Massey, David Basel, Budge, Finch, Diop and the tens of other white professionals telling the truth. Dr Hawass, National Geographic’s the Catholic Church have their own agenda they are the puppet masters. The leaders and citizens of Ancient Kmt the ones that built the pyramids and revealed the known Gods Maat for Justice, came from the minds of black leaders Djehuti reading, writing , wisdom and rituals The Legends are Ancient, African in Origin, Describing Natural and Cosmological Phenomenons Represented by Humans and Totems all from the mind of the black peoples up until the constant invasions finely won and most of the known world have been in the dark ages ever sense. Don’t be fooled by technology or machines they have nothing to do with you being a human. I hope you wake up or that I could help you but you but the likes of you have sh&$ed up the world and I thank you have been wasted. You know who you are, everyone else knows. | 2019-04-26T13:51:34Z | http://www.sciforums.com/threads/skin-color-and-the-origin-of-ancient-egyptians.56984/page-10 |
“Painting is Painting” is an account of an individual quest for self-knowledge through the act of painting. Artist Jeannine Hunter Lazzaro examines how her initial understanding of Modernism and its rigid painting “rules” became an impediment to her desire to express life’s visual experiences. The paper details how she reevaluated the tenants of Modernism, risking incoherence and confusion, in her search for an authentic means of expressing her worldview. The philosophical concerns of Lazzaro’s early paintings focused primarily on the process of art making and the meaning of the act of painting itself. Over time Lazzaro has evolved into an artist who uses the experience of recording the visible world as a means of accepting life’s terms.
I have deliberately chosen these words by Heather C. Williams from her book Drawing as a Sacred Activity to begin this thesis because of their down- to- earth tone. It is extremely difficult to stay focused and humble in this writing. However, I have reached the conclusion that that is where I want to be coming from--from someplace humble and truthful.
In my work in education I am disturbed at the lack of attention that the arts are given. In the rush to standardize public education the arts have lost value. Sadly the reality is that this basic need to create is being ignored and stifled. All the same, many feel the need to make art everyday despite the fact that their effort may never garner recognition or acknowledgement. It is one thing to receive compensation for the art you make, but countless artists practice their craft in the face of great adversity and hardship, often without ever achieving fame and fortune.
question the noble and edifying role we have automatically assigned to art.
The reference to “the noble and edifying role that we have automatically assigned to art” is relevant on many levels. My own need to create and make art come from similar sense of urgency. I believe that creative expression is the most basic need that we as individuals possess. On a spiritual level this is a way to tap into the original self, find out who and what we are and to recover whatever it is that makes us who we are. There is also a reflective aspect of art-making. It affords an opportunity to look at life and to process the experience.
Modernism, the “age of certainty” and rigid parameters.
I spent my early college years at RamapoCollege, a small state college nestled in the RamapoMountains in Mahwah, New Jersey. The school was opened in 1971. After a somewhat checkered high school career I turned in 1971 to this new college as a last resort to continue my education. Coming as I did from a dysfunctional and abusive family life, art was what I wanted to study because it had always been a safe harbor for me. I had a need to make art.
This practice of looking at the social conditions of the time to understand the art of the period was easy for me to accept and somehow helped to make the many avenues and arenas of life add up. In fact, it is clear to me that many of the aspects of the present postmodern climate of our culture presently are apparent in the kind of art that is popular today.
However, it was not until years later that I realized that this was such an innovative approach to looking at and interpreting art. At one point I told someone that I had read the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley for an art history course on Romanticism. The individual was obviously confused as to why a novel might be pertinent to an art history class. It was only then that I began to wonder at and value this perspective. For me it was a way to the truth. History is written by the powerful or victorious and does not necessarily reflect the true reality. Piecing together the remnants of a period and searching for reasons for the art that was produced in a particular time are just some of the ways to discover what really occurred.
For me the flatness of modernism that was so appealing in the staining process ultimately lost its initial satisfaction. Later on building painting surfaces out of fabric and canvas and then staining these became a kind of truth--my own.
Ultimately struggling through with what I perceived to be a very rigid line between Abstract Expressionism and Pop and coming to Post-modern painting is part of what my art is about. The journey of self discovery and the exploration of the world around me has been at times both enhanced and encumbered by the tools, weapons, and armor that I have collected on my way. A metaphor for life, often the very same coping skills that developed from facing adversity later become hindrances to growth. The Modernist concern with formalism that was so basic to my college years became my only creed. Looking back it becomes more apparent why I came to believe so heart fully that painting must have a doctrine. The Modernist preoccupation with formalist concerns that came out of Abstract Expressionism was presented to me as absolute fact by people whom I admired and believed in totally. These ideas were presented not so much as a theory or a possibility but as the truth at a time in my life when I was desperately in need of structure, and some truth.
Later on in the Seventies these words began to ring even truer for me.
More importantly for me the structure of Modernism that I had only just begun to understand was gone. Not only that, but the truth had missed the point or even worse.
Due to the preoccupations of surviving from day to day, raising a family, making a living and finding my way I became distracted for a period of time during the Eighties. The happenings of the art-world were just a noise in the background. Meanwhile there was a great deal happening in painting. In accepting the “arcane” and “esoteric” precepts of Modernism, I had relinquished the experiential aspect of painting, the experience of expressing the subject at hand or trying to understand the world around me through painting. I have come to believe that the truth is what exists in the moment and just painting the various complexities of life, my life could become the means to my truth. I am trying to return to this one day at a time, step by step. The choices I make in subject matter are meant to express my moment in time, stripped of pretension and dogma, put down in paint, carved out of the surface painted, drawn. Drawing is not painting; painting is not drawing, but together through them an image can emerge and possibly “suggest through paint…an odor of crushed strawberries” (Kaprow).
The language of painting has changed dramatically in recent years. It has become much stronger in many ways. The formal issues confronted by contemporary painting are more exclusive to painting and not necessarily shared by other media such as sculpture, installation, or video. This dialogue resurrected out of the death of painting alluded to by Allan Kaprow in his eulogy for Jackson Pollock. The paintings of Jasper Johns, Robert Rauschenberg, Andy Warhol, Ed Ruscha speak in a different way than the more contemporary work of Martin Kippenberger, Peter Doig, and Dana Shutz. They may be saying some of the same things but they are using a totally different language.
I wanted to paint in a more figurative manner and express a narrative and personal philosophy and ultimately understand painting on a new level. A whole new language had developed in painting and I wanted to learn it. Recently, I set about wanting to at least understand what it was that I did not know. So I chose to work with an artist whose work reflected a focus on conventional skills and formal issues. The exploration of the surface of the painting and the arrangement of my subject became immensely important to me. Painting from direct observation and setting up dynamic still life arrangements became pivotal to my process as did creating heavily textured canvases, making the paint sculptural and carving the images themselves out of paint. By using both brush strokes and scraped-in lines, drawing and re-drawing the image somehow making it exist there more than if it were merely put down once. I was exploring the picture plane and coming to terms with the vastness of space on the picture plane and the negative space surrounding these objects. At this time I chose to concentrate on one subject arranged in a variety of ways.
I felt I would understand subject better by exploring it from a number of perspectives. This also became an exercise to produce a number of drawings and studies as preliminary to the paintings.
The artist Giorgio Morandi’s work was extremely important to me at this time. I was inspired by the silence and subtlety expressed by Morandi in his many paintings of virtually the same subject confronted numerous times. It is like listening to the same song over and over again. There is so much more there each time one listens or looks again. The gentle color gradations and tonal changes in Morandi’s paintings are powerful and intense, forcing the viewer to look and then slow down to ponder what he was actually trying to say. Morandi’s subjects--vases, bowls, and bottles--were somewhat benign and yet this apparent domesticity seems altered by his intention. Why this subject? Why these objects? Why these arrangements? Is it possible that Morandi only intended to explore his subjects from a purely formal perspective? Understanding what is there, the objects, the space around the objects, the color, the values and the composition itself, this is in a way the sound of silence, but a loud silence, a consistency and a lack of human presence. These objects are so obviously there only to be painted. This is not a scene interrupted and portrayed for any other reason. This exists only to be painted.
Many of the concerns and issues that I confronted at this time were similar.
My question in looking at Morandi’s work was-how does this work relate to my current interests? How is this relevant to my work? My initial grappling with formal issues needed my total concentration and attention as an artist. I felt that I needed to understand the language of painting to be able to say all the things that I wanted to say and understand all the things that I wanted to understand. I wanted to somehow fill up myself with this object and somehow fill up the canvas with me. A small task - Ha! Now is probably the time to point out that I had it in mind to express everything that I have ever felt (socially and politically…) in each and every painting. Also, to be correct in the manner in which I chose to paint them!!!!!! Slowly I began to be intrigued by simply painting. Simply understanding what was before me and around me and not so engrossed in whether my method was right or wrong.
While I was grappling with the degree of formal skill and consideration that I wanted to achieve and maintain in my work the artist Philip Guston’s name came up repeatedly in my critiques with my mentor, the artist, Tim Peck. My question at the time was always how far did I want to immerse myself and my work in these formal issues? After looking at the history of painting I find that an immersion in formalism is a foregone conclusion for a painter as it constitutes the act of painting itself. Philip Guston turned to more figurative and pictorial narrative work after an initial period of abstraction. Guston in many ways served as a bridge between Abstract Expressionism and Pop and then Postmodern painting. The figurative impulse that culminated in the art of the Eighties and Nineties can clearly be seen beginning in the late work of Guston.
Another artist whose work was influential for me at this time was the painter Wayne Thiebaud. His paintings of ordinary objects initially have the flat look and “objective” appearance of commercial art. In reality they have areas of heavy impasto and upon closer inspection, the brushwork has been deliberately left or made apparent. It is obvious that this is a painting meant to be a painting. Cakes painted as though with frosting, slices of pie oozing with filling coming off the canvas, pinball machines that nearly sound as loud as they look. The studied confidence with which Thiebaud applies the paint denies the slapdash, splashes of color that are actually assembled on his canvases. Reproductions of Thiebaud’s work are inadequate in conveying their painterly and gestural immediacy. This is a painting not a photograph, and needs to be seen as a painting. So, in his own way Thiebaud’s painting is painting about painting.
The plurality and lack of universals and constraints that is so much a part of contemporary art is in many ways the rumbling reaction over time to the rigid dogmatic theories of Modernism. Everything that has transpired since has been “post”- Pop, Minimalism, Conceptualism, Neo-Expressionism. It may be that history repeats itself or simply that somewhere there is a recurring need to say something about one’s moment by portraying it through the banal and ordinary objects of the everyday. A common theme of both Pop art and Postmodern art is often the representation of consumer goods or still life--Pop, Postmodern still life.
Still life… still… stillness…portraying humanity and humanness in the stillness of the flat canvas. What is it that the artist wants to portray in a still life? Is it the humbleness of everyday life, the grandeur of opulence or almost always the impermanence of time and life? How long is it still for? Only while the painter paints, only for this moment? The challenge of interpreting various aspects of today’s culture and portraying those aspects in my work is tremendous. To do so, I use the objects in my everyday life, objects that I see all the time and objects that can be understood in more ways than one.
Drinking coffee is not as simple as it once was, Cappuccino, Latte, Caramel Latte, flavored coffees. The Starbucks drinkers vs. the Dunkin Donuts drinkers. In many ways this has become a cliché. It’s a political thing or a class thing, but not just a cup of coffee anymore.
It is probably naïve of me to say that this bothers me. Perhaps it would be better to say that it intrigues and fascinates me. Discussing this with high school students it was a revelation to discover that they assume that this is natural. The constant media hype and on-slaught of images and messages is simply part of the way it is. The way the world is today. These may seem like benign images but they represent the values and concerns of today.
I was initially caught up in the narrative aspect in my painting. An obsessive and nearly addictive urgency overcame me and in a somewhat caffeinated-like flourish I became mesmerized by expressing this subtle although seemingly benign substance abuse. The addictive quality of caffeine that is somehow taken for granted in our society and manifests itself regularly among all ages of our community. Cast off Styrofoam cups that line the highways and streets as evidence of a corporate mass marketing success that we not only tolerate but consume gleefully. This symbol of post-modern extravagance was intriguing and fascinating to me and somehow just a little addictive too.
I am presently working with Ruth Dealy, a painter based in Providence, Rhode Island. Ruth has been plagued with vision disabilities throughout her life and was even temporarily blind for a brief period. Yet she has always persevered and continued to paint. As she frequently says: “If you have to do it, then you just have to do it.” Her conviction and determination coupled with the fact that I really like her work were some of the reasons I sought her out as a mentor. It is inspiring to talk about painting with someone who obviously does not take vision for granted. However, along with the many valuable suggestions, recommendations and insights she had to offer me, the most valuable was this: “A good painting is 5% ability and the rest is truth.” And a big part of the truth is-painting is painting.
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12. Ferguson, Russell, ed. Hand-Painted Pop;American Art in Transition 1955-62.New York: International Publications, 1993, 117.
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15. Bourriaud, Nicolas. Relational Aesthetics. Paris: les presses du reel, 2002, 9.
16. Klein, Naomi. No Logo: Taking Aim at the Brand Bullies.New York: Picador, 1999, 21.
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18. Elkins, James. The Object Stares Back.New York: Simon & Shuster, 1996, 41.
Foster, Hal. Return of the Real: The Avant-Garde at the End of the Century.Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1996.
Foster, Hal, ed. The Anti-Aesthetic: Essays in Postmodern Culture.New York: The New Press, 1998.
Hopkins, David. After Modern Art 1945-2000. Oxford: the OxfordUniversity Press, 2000.
Saatchi Gallery, “The Triumph of Painting” London: Jonathon CapeRansom House, 2005.
Schwabsky, Barry (intro). Vitamin P: New Perspectives in Painting.New York: Phaidon Press, 2002.
Twitchell, James B. Branded Nation:The Marketing of Megachurch, College Inc., and Museumworld. New York: Simon & Shuster, 2004. | 2019-04-20T08:46:09Z | https://www.jhunterlazzaro.com/writing-on-art.html |
In case you are in a rush and don’t have time to check out the desk of contents for 30 totally different mechanical keyboards then take a look at our best choice of greatest mechanical keyboard immediately!
Do you want a extra satisfying ‘gaming’ and ‘overall typing’ experience? Earlier than you can have typed yes on your age-old keyboard, you had already realized that it was time to vary that beast.
At the moment, we will probably be reviewing 30 greatest mechanical keyboards that are going to blow your thoughts, figuratively in fact.
Notice: We now have talked about the load of the keyboard and never the delivery weight.
Mechanical keyboards are all about rage and, properly, pure satisfaction! There’s nothing extra gratifying than that superb typewriter sound after every time your finger hits the button. All the serious players on the market, you realize what we’re talking about. Top-notch gear can make or break any recreation. Let’s just bounce right into the assessment.
Bottom Line: Velocifier is one company to rely on for performance and design. This budget-friendly keyboard ought to be on the prime of your listing in case you’re in search of a mechanical keyboard that should last a very very long time.
Mechanical keyboards can value an arm and a leg typically, however it doesn’t have to be that means. In our opinion, no one deserves a nasty gaming experience. Velocifier VM01 is for all those people who find themselves constrained in the finances division. Let us inform you why this made it into our record.
Now, not to be confused with Key Rollover, ghosting is a well known terminology, notably within the gaming world. There’s nothing extra infuriating if you press one key and another one pops up. Velocifier VM01 removes that challenge for you. With its anti-ghosting know-how, rest assured you gained’t be missing any of those great hits.
The ABS keycap is Double-Shot so not solely is it very sturdy and lightweight, it’s also influence resistant. A plus level for these of you who get a bit too aggressive typically. Not that we’re towards it; we’ve all been there at the least a few times. Oh, and did we mention that the lifespan of the switches is over 50 million operations? Yeah, you read that right.
Once we say you will never change again to rubber dome after making an attempt a mechanical keyboard, we mean it. The keyboard not solely seems to be beautiful, it has an impressive really feel to it. So, not only will you be good at what you’re doing, you will also feel superb.
Bottom Line: Azio MK Retro is for all of you who need to experiment their internal hipster. It’s chic, little on the expensive aspect, however completely value it.
This retro, nostalgic yet totally new concept may simply have produced one of the coolest keyboards ever. Its appearance is inspired by the basic typewriter. Ernest Hemingway would have permitted.
With its certainly one of a sort spherical keys, Azio Mk Retro stands out. The body and the keycaps are chrome plated so rest assured that they’re going to last a long time. The company even manufactures in two shades, black and white. We know that some of you like slightly little bit of edge to your fashion so giving the white body with gold rings around the keys isn’t such a nasty concept.
Its design and know-how allows for nice cleanliness and, for all the clumsy individuals like myself, it is water-proof. Phew! That’s one much less factor to fret about.
The round, rotatory handles at the back pop-up and down when twisted permit for a unique fashion of elevation.
Backside Line: This elementary keyboard is for all of the play-it-safe individuals. It might not attraction to you at first, however slowly yet steadily it makes its approach into your everyday use. Best part? It’s very price range pleasant and you will virtually overlook that it value so little!
If in case you have ever been intrigued by changing all the switches in your keyboard then this want could also be fulfilled by the unconventional Mechanical Eagle Z-77. It gives you 5 pieces of free switches.
Keep in mind back within the day once we used to play with a good friend on our PCs and a lot of the fights have been as a result of keys not working concurrently? Ahh, the great ol’ days! But now you gained’t have to fret about it anymore. This keyboard not solely provides you anti-ghosting but in addition makes positive that you simply don’t witness that childhood drama again. The keys are controlled independently so the responses are fairly quick.
It has a plastic yet strong again. Although the cable isn’t braided or detachable, you will get your cash’s value out of this. The font is the generic gaming typeface. The backlight is totally different for every row so it has a very good appearance. The design is ergonomic so there are little fatigue and excellent placement of your arms.
Bottom Line: In case you are a type of people who find themselves on the lookout for a cushty commonplace, strong build keyboard that’s perfect for late night time gaming you then may need to give this one a attempt. Your gaming expertise will probably be clean and fluid like by no means earlier than.
Logitech has been producing quality products for quite some time. It’s protected to say that it has grow to be a household identify for the gaming group. So, it’s not a surprise that it has made into our listing, too.
In contrast to the standard volume up and down keys, Logitech G610 Orion additionally encompasses a scroller which is one thing everyone ought to experience no less than as soon as in their lifetime- not kidding!
The keys are amazingly clicky and the backlighting may be adjusted to your want. The software permits for a person (sure individual!) control of the light together with options like waves, random, vertical, horizontal or key press-activated lighting. It additionally allows you to determine which keys to deactivate. The home windows lock key can also be out there which is a must have for each gamer.
This outstanding keyboard is suitable with Home windows 7,eight, eight.1 and 10.
Bottom Line: This keyboard screams great buy with the level of performance and quality with the comparability to the worth. You will get your cash’s value on this one.
Another considered one of our budget-friendly mechanical keyboards- Langtu X1000 stands the check of time. Anybody who is in search of a semi-professional gaming keyboard with out the effort of saving a ton of cash ought to undoubtedly go for this one.
Don’t be fooled by its simplicity. It’s strong, nicely made and quite heavy, truthfully. No have to indulge your self in super arduous software or procedures. In case you are like us and easily loath popping out keys and cleansing them then you’re in for a fast fix. With this keyboard, you’ll be able to clear them with out doing so.
The keys are responsive and sensitive to the correct quantity. The backlight is vibrant sufficient to make it straightforward to read at the hours of darkness. The lights will mechanically turn off through the sleep mode in order that’s one thing off your shoulders.
Because the response is genuinely fast with the amalgam of anti-ghosting, you’ll have the upper high quality of gaming expertise.
Not only are you getting the standard media keys- play, pause, subsequent and previous, additionally, you will get calculator, net browser and e mail and so forth so that you simply don’t have to go away the sport to access them.
Backside Line: It’s good for casual players and even so for critical ones for that matter. You gained’t be dissatisfied with this one.
All of us want to be professional players, however until that want comes true we’ll stick with casual gaming. We highly advocate you get your hands-on Razer’s top-grade Blackwidow Ultimate Stealth in the event you fall into this class. C’mon, it has black widow within the identify. It’s sure to be marvelous.
This can be very sturdy. Let’s put some perspective there. 80 million keystrokes. Yep, that’s’ lots, however then once more this is Razer we are talking about right right here.
With its signature green backlit keys, you’re getting the complete feel of the keyboard. With the straightforward to make use of software, you possibly can customize them further with totally different recreation genre templates. There are, nevertheless, no dedicated macro keys, but you’ll be able to assign them via the software.
You’ll be glad to know that USB and audio pass-through are included in the keyboard.
Bottom Line: This keyboard is right for informal gaming. It is heavy and stays where you set it. Because the keys respond shortly and precisely, its scope isn’t restricted to gaming only. In case you are a typist or a programmer, you may need to give this a attempt.
One other one from Logitech and fairly truthfully not many can be stunned at this level. Some may even call this one good, however is it justified? Let’s discover out.
The mechanical switches are made to offer lengthy life and sturdiness. Romer GTM allows for the clear backlighting of the keycaps. Now, they are vibrant, however not sufficient to distract you from your late-night gaming periods.
There’s one USB port that can be used to plug in and cost any of your USB powered units. On the draw back, the cable is pretty thick so hold that in mind, too. It’s also non-removable.
It might be small, however it gives all the required perform keys like volume controls, pause, and play, mute, toggle lighting and so on. Further keycaps are also provided by Logitech.
It has a strong and powerful build. The keyboard’s backbone is product of brushed Aluminum-Magnesium alloy so you’re guaranteed full stability and features. One of the issues that stand out probably the most, and we expect you will agree, is the consistency within the backlighting. It doesn’t spill around to another key.
Backside Line: Lack of a number pad could be a deal breaker for some, however these of you who are in search of just that’s extremely beneficial to think about this as an choice. In addition to, because the measurement of the keyboard is comparatively small, this is certainly suitable with traveling.
Should you smash your fists on the keyboard then you’re on the proper place. Redragon Okay552-N is made for you.
Once you turn on the keyboard, the very first thing to be observed can be the brilliant pink mild, however do not worry as it may be adjusted to varied levels. Plus, the backlighting is crystal clear because the keys are made by injection molding.
The 2 foldable ft provide superb grip to the keyboard. Long gone are the times of slipping keyboards.
The keycaps gained’t rub off over time since these aren’t printed. You’re getting the satisfying click on sound right here as nicely which is all the time nice to have. Media keys are all the time a plus point so the 12 of them are one thing you’d need to have.
The Good: Tactile and gratifying switches, good texture and finish to the keycaps, aesthetically pleasing keyboard, heavy and strong build.
Bottom Line: A superb keyboard for its worth. That is one hell of a product, highly beneficial for typists and players. In case you are on the lookout for your first mechanical keyboard, we commend that you simply give it a shot. At this worth vary, you’ll be able to’t actually go fallacious right here.
Trying to change from a standard membrane keyboard to a mechanical one without paying by means of the nostril? Hcman has acquired you coated in this division. The small yet mild keyboard lacks a quantity pad; nevertheless, there are variations that embrace it.
The keyboard has the pure alloyed body. It seems elegant with none tackiness of the flashy colors. It is sturdy and undoubtedly not a fingerprint magnet owing to the metallic body. The ft behind the keyboard provide an sufficient angle for straightforward use. Nevertheless, it does slide greater than the other keyboards on our listing. It doesn’t make use of Cherry MX Switches; nevertheless, much to anybody’s shock, they work splendidly!
Like several RGB keyboard, customizable backlighting is feasible. There are 9 totally different illumination modes for the six backlit colors. These embrace static mode, pulsating mode, the only key on and off mode, spread mode, wave mode, mark key mode and so forth. What’s probably the most intriguing mode? The first-person shooter mode. Yep, this one has them all! Oh, and you may modify the quantity and brightness as nicely.
Anti-ghosting, as we talked about earlier, is a must-have for any gamer or typist. You guess you’re getting an correct response owing to an unbiased change controlling every key.
The keyboard is suitable with all of the leading OS like Windows 7,8,10, Linux, Vista together with Mac, Notebook, PC, and Laptop computer. This one nice keyboard rules them all.
The amazingly satisfying clicky sound with the very quick response of the blue switches is what all of us principally need. This keyboard ensures you this superb deal.
Bottom Line: Works great and looks much more implausible. It’s a win on all accords. We are positive that you may be singing praises for this keyboard to all your family and friends members.
One of the major features of gaming is a superb mechanical keyboard. One which additionally seems like an costly, high-value keyboard, however doesn’t make your pockets cry.
The mechanical keyboard provides you 87 keys that permit the keys to work simultaneously, supplying you with an entire new expertise of gaming and even typing. Therefore, that is by far probably the most appropriate one for all customers: typists, programmers, players, and writers.
This keyboard gives 9 totally different modes for the LED backlighting which seems to be completely beautiful. Moreover, there’s quick access to media keys so that you simply don’t should exit the sport every time you’ll want to do something minimal corresponding to flip up or down the quantity.
This one is going to make your gaming experience even more nice owing to the cascading keycap design which prevents finger and wrist fatigue.
It is suitable with Home windows 7, 8, 10, XP and Vista. Bonus factors go to the company for giving 12-months worry0free guarantee and 45 days money-back coverage. Don’t just like the keyboard? Nicely, that’s one strategy to cope with a nasty purchase.
One of many only keyboards right here with the water-resistance function. We’ve all had one or two occurrences where we by chance spilled some liquid and we know concerning the mini coronary heart attack that comes after that.
The Dangerous: Cable is just not braided.
Bottom Line: A implausible keyboard that easily competes with high-end keyboards reminiscent of those of Razer. In case you are in search of a quiet keyboard, that is NOT it. It mimics previous typewriters and, frankly, who doesn’t like that?
A unprecedented wanting keyboard that features identical to a high-end keyboard. Picket I-800 catches your attention the second you lay your eyes on it. Let’s get straight into it.
The keys are great! Extremely responsive and delicate so you’re getting good and fast output. There’s that fulfilling click sound to it.
There are six totally different colors with nine totally different modes. You possibly can change the game mode by pressing perform key with L1-L8. Although there are not any fancy modes and coloring schemes, it’s a excellent specimen. The perform and multimedia shortcuts are simply accessible on the keyboard.
It’s the ready-to-use keyboard with no software program at all. So, you can begin using it the moment it arrives at the doorstep (or whenever you convey it your self, whichever the case).
The keys are anti-ghosting and smoothly work simultaneously for an elevated gaming expertise. The keys are as loud as they arrive.
One of the major options as to why it stands out is probably as a result of it’s both water and mud proof. So, you don’t have to worry concerning the setting for fairly a very long time.
The wrist rest is curved so your wrists are snug all through the time you’re using it.
It’s suitable with Windows 7, eight, 10, XP, VISTA and Mac OS X.
Backside Line: A strong good keyboard with a tremendous worth deal for Cherry MX switches. This one is perfect for people who choose to have a simple keyboard.
If experimenting with the design whereas also not compromising with the functionality of the keyboard provides you the jitters then an honest wanting and simple keyboard, SteelSeries Apex M500, with Cherry MX purple switches ought to be in your protected listing.
Absolutely incredible for typing and gaming. You’ll be able to’t go improper in this facet. The pink switches, as generally recognized, are wonderful for aggressive gaming. Because the spacebar is extended, typing on this one becomes a delight!
The blue lighting provides you the gaming keyboard feeling. The keys offer you 100% anti-ghosting so there isn’t a compromise in that part. It doesn’t have the usual gamer font which, for most people, would truly be a plus level.
SteelSeries Engine software could be very user-friendly! You’ll be able to customise the keys though there will not be many things you can do with this keyboard as a result of it’s a newbie degree keyboard. Nevertheless, that’s a private choice and we expect that it’s excellent for anybody who is starting with mechanical keyboards for gaming.
Backside Line: The hardware of the keyboard is a smashing success, to say the least. It doesn’t seem too futuristic or overly aggressive but is definitely very refined.
Commonplace 104 keys with no deal-breaking elements corresponding to a too-big-spacebar or too-small-backspace key. The responses are clear and super-fast without the audible click on. Keys may be individually custom-made to your brightness needs.
You don’t want to bother yourself with constantly wanting right down to see in case you are urgent the best keys anymore. The WASD keys are rigorously and effectively contoured and textured so that you simply maintain your eyes on the prize.
What’s a keyboard without ant-ghosting anymore? Corsair delivers what it promised and, therefore, every keystroke interprets into a clean response regardless of how multiple keys being pressed at a time.
There’s three degree brightness toggles, six dedicated media keys together with a very elegant wanting volume scrolling wheel. Corsair knows that a overwhelming majority doesn’t compromise on ergonomics so the keyboard also comes with a delicate contact, rubberized wrist rest.
Backside Line: A keyboard that gives you complete and clear management over all of the options that it presents. Quite a bit on the expensive aspect, but then once more it’s extremely really helpful for pro-gamers and never the informal ones.
In case you are not on a finances and need to get the maximum out of a keyboard’s functionality then this uncomplicated keyboard offers you probably the most out of what’s being provided out there.
The keyboard is made from Plane-grade anodized brushed aluminum. In simple words, it is extremely robust and inflexible.
As the identify implies, the key switches are 100% Cherry MX RGB for getting that good performance. Moreover, the keys are customizable which signifies that macro could be assigned to the important thing of your personal selection. It also has 32-bit ARM Processor and the show controller is Panasonic.
Not only is it anti-ghosting, it has 18 G-keys with 108 macros so that you’re by no means interrupted during the whole intense gaming state of affairs.
Your complete keyboard may be programmed in line with your needs. There’s multicolored mild present in waving, pulsing and cascading array.
Backside Line: We all know that whenever you sort for a very very long time, it looks like you’re drilling holes into the keyboard. KrBn has a clean and quick key response so you don’t really feel like that anymore as a result of the keys appear to absorb all of the shock.
KrBn Mechanical Keyboard is for anybody on the lookout for an ideal keyboard with superb backlighting without putting too much pressure on their bank accounts.
The mechanical blue switches are at par with Cherry Inexperienced Switches. The feedback is fast and the press sound is magnificent.
The material used for making the keycaps is sturdy and sturdy since it uses double-shot injection molding. Plus, the backlighting is as clear as a crystal.
Tremendously improve your typing experience because of the ergonomic design. There’s limited to no finger fatigue and your general comfort degree is outstanding.
There are 9 totally different patterns to choose from when it comes to backlight patterns and 8 gaming modes. The backlighting makes all the distinction!
Bottom Line: In case you are stepping into the entire mechanical keyboards race, we extremely advocate you get your arms on this one. It’s providing superb functionality based mostly on the worth value.
Another one of many easy keyboards on our listing is the EagleTec KG010 Mechanical Keyboard, very best for informal players. It’s great for late night time gaming and offers enough backlighting.
You’re sure to fall in love with the custom mechanical switches which might be sturdy and undoubtedly feel splendid. The body of the keyboard is manufactured from metallic everyone knows it will be rigid and would last long. Each key has 3 million key presses so it’s going to final fairly a number of years at the very least.
Backlighting is crystal clear and might be easily adjusted.
The keys are anti-ghosting for positive, but what’s more fascinating is that it is no less than 10-key rollover in order that’s enough for anyone. No more points with ghosting beneath regular circumstances. The keys even have an identical feel because the Cherry MX brown switches. That’s an inexpensive discount for the worth you’re paying.
Typically it will get useful to modify over WASD keys with the arrow keys or vice versa. Is it essential? No, however it positive is beneficial and a cool function to have.
Backside Line: An superior, in-budget keyboard that is ideally suited for typing and gaming particularly at night time. There isn’t any easier approach to say this, but the reality is that it is too good to be beneath $50. You must undoubtedly contemplate buying it.
One other one from the budget-friendly line of EagleTec. This futuristic wanting keyboard is value each penny you spend on it.
The keyboard instantly catches your eye with its all-Aluminum construct with a brushed look. There are two totally different variations: silver and black. There are two ft behind it in case you need to give an elevation to it. Nevertheless, it’s still at a ok angle. Construct quality is great and the keyboard has considerable grip. The chords aren’t braided, but they are sturdy.
Although most people want blue switches for typing, they do a reasonably respectable job in gaming, too. They are noisier than the standard pink switches.
In case you wouldn’t have the matching colour scheme then this is perhaps a deal breaker for you; nevertheless, if that’s not the case then you definitely’re taking a look at a really spectacular keyboard. There are ten totally different lighting ranges so you possibly can regulate the brightness accordingly.
Bottom Line: Anyone in search of an entry-level mechanical keyboard with superb backlighting for late night time gaming ought to undoubtedly put this one on their Wishlist. The keyboard seems to be nice and does an impressive job. It’s going to be your companion for a very very long time.
Because the mechanical switches are becoming inexpensive, many manufacturers are taking over the chance to introduce their own brands out there. One among these lesser recognized manufacturers consists of the Magical. However don’t assume any much less of this keyboard. The identify won’t be very well-known, nevertheless it will get the job carried out.
A gaming experience so precise that you simply gained’t be missing any photographs with none delays. The responses are tactile and fast; the clicks are correct and precisely what you need during your recreation.
The keyboard is perfect for all variety of players. Love FPS, MMO or RPGs? Don’t let a sluggish keyboard hold you again. With keystroke sturdiness lasting over 50 million clicks, get to the highest of your recreation in no time.
The keyboard is made from sturdy, robust, premium material that guarantees you durability and it positive will last for a very long time.
The keyboard doesn’t require any drivers for its setup. Although there isn’t any accompanying software program with it either, there are cool LED features which you could play around with. No extra eye pressure or pressure; the sport in peace with this one. The keyboard lights up when it’s booted and that’s all the time a cool factor to have.
The switches are equal to Cherry MX switches with fairly loud sound so the typing experience is great. The keys have a pleasing font and never the standard gaming font that many individuals truly hate.
Bottom Line: It is an reasonably priced mechanical keyboard with all the required keys and more. The design and lighting are outstanding. The G710+ is nice for on a regular basis gaming and typing.
Yep, we obtained yet one more from Logitech G710+ because everyone knows it’s bringing out top-of-the-line keyboards out there in the intervening time.
Noise distraction is usually a ache typically. One of the unique attributes of this keyboard is the extremely responsive tactile feedback with no noise distraction. You possibly can simply give attention to the sport and not fear about that one at the very least.
The keyboard is snug with angular sides and an incredible palm rest. There are six command keys that can be configured as much as 18 unique features. There are additionally three profile keys and a volume scroller wheel. There are two backlit keys, one for controlling gaming keys and the other for the rest of the keyboard.
The keys are, obviously, anti-ghosting and there’s 26-key rollover so that you simply hit the suitable buttons and get a flawless response.
Bottom Line: General, the keyboard provides a very good worth for the cash. The design features are superb and the switches are comparatively new and nice for gaming.
One other reasonably budgeted keyboard on the listing is from HAVIT. Anyone who’s a journey enthusiast and is on the lookout for a small but practical keyboard should contemplate getting their palms on this one.
The keyboard is mild and ultra-thin. It is just slightly over 500g and is compact enough to suit into even a tiny place. In fact, since it is compact, it lacks a number pad.
The keyboard employs low profile switches which are 11.mm in peak, 6mm ultra-thin suspended keycap which provides an general distinctive mechanical feel. The keys have an ordinary font and no showy gamer font in order that’s all the time good to have.
There’s quite a lot of backlighting modes together with 5 profiles. The software program could be downloaded from the web site; therefore, extra customization might be executed.
The keyboard doesn’t require any driver and you may plug and play immediately.
The Dangerous: No quantity pad, wants two USB ports.
Bottom Line: In abstract, it’s a beautiful keyboard for traveling and gaming especially FPS and MOBA players.
An alternative choice for journey, on-the-go lovers is to go for Corsair Vengeance Okay65. It is compact, lightweight, easy and extremely useful.
The keyboard has that brushed Aluminum look which appears cool and complicated. There is a home windows lock button so that you simply don’t by chance kick your self out of an intense recreation or even a easy one for that matter.
The switches make comparatively less noise. The responses are fast and clean.
Behind the keyboard is a bio-switch that is used to adjust USB pulling rates and disable keyboard features. Pretty useful to have.
With the complete key rollover on USB, the gaming expertise is so enhanced and accurate that it’ll legit make you happier.
Backside Line: This engaging specimen is one heck of a keyboard. It’s compact but trendy and has all the required keys for a tremendous gaming experience.
Corsair provides yet one more nice mechanical gaming keyboard, however this time it is extra illuminated and silent than the opposite ones.
By far, the most effective RGB keyboard backlighting. It is shiny and delightful, to say the least. There are a number of lighting modes ranging from rainbow waves to random.
The keys might be reassigned in response to your selection to be able to recreation in peace. It’s suitable with Windows 7,eight and 10.
There are devoted contoured and textured keys for FPS and MOBA gamers. These feel superb and assist to have most grip.
100% anti-ghosting with 104 key roll-overs. Regardless of how briskly you play or faucet the keys, the keyboard will register all of the keys. Plus, the media keys have quick access and you may regulate quantity shortly.
The switches used create minimal sound. In case you are into it then it’s a reasonably good choice to think about.
Bottom Line: At this worth, you possibly can’t actually go improper here. It is a great keyboard with substantial features and nice lighting.
Need an ideal keyboard with superb aesthetics and backlighting without breaking your financial institution? Do you might have absolutely no concept the place to begin and don’t intend to spend a lot? Properly, we’ve found the right match for you. DBPower three colours backlit LED keyboard is ideal for anyone who’s switching from membrane keyboard to mechanical one.
The design could be very user-friendly and cozy. There’s ease in operation. The controls are simply accessible. There are devoted multimedia shortcut key operations.
It’s suitable with Windows XP, Vista, 7, eight, 10 and Mac OS.
The three colors are changeable and adjustable for permanent lighting and respiration mode.
The keyboard has 104 keys with 19 non-conflict keys. Tactile suggestions and durability supply an awesome gaming feeling.
Backside Line: Patriot Memory Viper V770 is an impressive keyboard with great sound, lighting and build. It has superb wiring as properly. General, we highly advocate you critically think about buying this because you gained’t regret it one bit.
In case you are looking for a trendy, modernistic and tons of sunshine customization then you have to cease wanting any further as a result of Patriot Reminiscence Viper V770 has all of these and rather more.
The keyboard is engaging and doesn’t take too much of your desk area. Though the VIPER emblem might have been illuminated too, that’s just an aesthetic disadvantage and we’ve no complaints towards it. The light bars at the sides of the keyboard can also be one thing that provides uniqueness to the keyboard.
The complete spectrum of colors is breathtaking. The keyboard seems to be superb at the hours of darkness. The keys might be custom-made individually up to 16.8 million colors.
Dedicated media controls and 108 programmable macro keys and additional 5 devoted ones that are much appreciated.
V770 takes it a bit further and provides a magnetically removable wrist rest. The magnets are robust enough so that you simply don’t have to worry about it detaching and shifting all over.
The switches will not be as premium as the Cherry Purple MX, but you gained’t notice the difference until you’re actually in search of it.
Bottom Line: A small keyboard may be very useful, however it may also be a bit too small. Should you’re on the lookout for a very good 75% mechanical keyboard then this one will is a superb choice to think about.
You don’t need a driver to offer all the keys the identical shade or whichever you want. The keycaps are double-shot injection molded so the backlighting is crystal clear.
The switches and keys will last a very long time and give wonderful responses. The keys have the audible click on sound and provides tactile suggestions. The keyboard additionally comes with 5 spare switches in case one thing happens to the originals. They’ve also handed 50 million keystroke check.
The design is snug and supplies quick access to media and other perform keys along with the windows lock key for gaming. The slope is sweet sufficient to fit your arms properly and remove fatigue.
Backside Line: This top quality, customizable keyboard is greatest fitted to occasional players, but not so much for critical ones. We advocate the latter to discover some other choices.
The keys are very delicate to the drive so you will have to regulate accordingly. The truth is, it has 25% quicker actuation than another normal mechanical change.
All the standard media keys are at quick access. The keyboard consists of home windows lock key and the quantity scroller.
One of many only keyboards to offer particular person key colour customization is Logitech G810. Moreover, there are a number of gaming profiles that can be adjusted to your want. General, you’ll be able to play around with the colours and personalize every key with 16.eight million colours.
It’s suitable with Home windows 7, 8, 8.1 and 10.
With probably the most powerful and progressive know-how that Logitech has to supply, the full-sized keyboard is only based mostly on efficiency.
Backside Line: An incredible keyboard for such a worth vary. It’s a great choice for casual players and workplaces. We highly advocate this one for people who find themselves in search of a keyboard with superb lighting, typing and general great performance.
Not many keyboards underneath $30 are value your time and money, but in case you are lucky enough to get your palms onto a very good one, you will adore it until the end- may even purchase a brand new one, for that matter.
With 104 regular keys, 19 anti-ghosting keys and passing over 50 million keystrokes check, the keyboard has proved it’s nicely and beyond for the worth you’re getting it. Plus, it provides an effective and satisfying typing expertise and knowledgeable gaming feeling.
The keyboard has the basic mechanical feel to it with audible but pleasant “click” sound. The keys gained’t be fading anytime quickly as a result of they’re laser engraved.
There are not any further drivers wanted to function this keyboard. It also has an power saving choice so you’ll be able to recreation in peace at night time and save a few of these bills.
The corporate is supplying you with lifetime a refund guarantee and lifetime guarantee. The customer support is laudable and really friendly.
Backside Line: A budget-friendly mechanical keyboard which is sturdy and has awesome rainbow backlighting, Sades K8 is a simple choice to start out your journey with mechanical keyboards.
Sades is an organization that you simply may by no means have heard earlier than, but just because it’s a lesser recognized brand doesn’t imply that it isn’t ok.
The keyboard has 19 non-conflicting keys and 13 perform composite keys. There’s also the multimedia keys.
The keyboard will routinely turn off as the computer is switched off so that you simply don’t need to waste a couple of seconds on that one.
You possibly can modify the brightness and pulsing levels to your wants.
The keyboard is suitable with Home windows 98 (Yup! Even for many who still use it for some purpose), XP, 2000, VISTA, and Windows 7. Apple and Android together with Linux are also included.
Bottom Line: An incredible keyboard with superb options, very best for any consumer in search of a stress-free keyboard. Great for players and non-gamers alike.
A cushty and uncomplicated mechanical keyboard. Perfect for anyone who isn’t in search of something fancy and would slightly persist with the essential black.
With great tactile feedback, a serious attribute of Cherry Brown Switches, the keyboard presents nice precision and fast response.
For any gamer, we know that having an N-Key rollover may be superb. The keyboard, subsequently, comes with it.
The keyboard can be stabilized and gained’t slides due to the rubber pads behind the keyboard.
The Cherry switches will stand up to 50 million clicks so the keyboard isn’t going anyplace from your desk for an extended, very long time.
The connectors are gold plated in order that they gained’t corrode easily and low latency is ensured.
Additional shortcut keys like cease, play/pause, quantity up/down are simply accessible and you gained’t need to sign off of the game window.
Bottom Line: In case you are in search of a keyboard that may simply be used in quiet environments, stated workplaces, then you’ve gotten stumbled upon the perfect mechanical keyboard. Recreation, sort or program with little to no annoying sound of the keyboard.
The last, but by no means the least is the DAS mechanical keyboard. Like they say: don’t decide a guide by its cowl, we propose you don’t assume any less of this keyboard simply because it seems plain because it’s one hell of a keyboard.
The switches include a gold contact with devoted media keys and, let’s just say that it’s the very first thing you’ll notice about this keyboard, an enormous volume knob. So, it’s very straightforward to regulate the quantity with this one.
Gaming and typing have develop into simpler and quicker with this keyboard owing to the NKRO over the USB. The keyboard will instantly fall asleep mode and save power with one touch of your hand. Furthermore, the keys are laser etched so they may final a very long time.
The keyboard is suitable with PC Windows, Linux, Mac, and ChromeOS. There isn’t a want for any difficult drivers; simply plug it in and play.
Now that we have now wrapped up the entire listing, let’s go over to probably the most anticipated half. Yes! Our extremely advisable and private favorites.
First up is the Corsair Okay95 RGB Mechanical Keyboard. It seems to be superb and feels even better. You get all the features as a gamer. The multicolor backlighting that permits nearly unlimited customization provides you adrenaline.
One other one that we extremely advocate is the Velocifier VM01 LED. It appears easy, but has all of the features that may make your gaming expertise ten occasions higher!
Final, however not the least is the Pictek I-800 Mechanical Keyboard. It’s preferrred for pro-gamers. The lighting is breathtaking and the keys really feel superb. The perfect factor is that you simply get all this and extra with such a low price ticket.
That marks the top of our listing. Let us know within the feedback which of them you would like to have over this holiday season and what we should always assessment subsequent! | 2019-04-22T02:30:40Z | https://comparereviewrate.com/best-mechanical-keyboard-2019-top-30-reviews/ |
On March 23rd, Rubenstein Law sponsored and planted 10 fruit trees at Charles R. Drew K-8 Center in Liberty City. This project with the Miami Children's Initiative aims to be a gift that keeps on giving. It will empower the students to learn about healthy eating and they’ll cultivate, harvest, and prepare meals from its yield. See our blog to learn more about this project!
Rubenstein Law sponsored the 3rd Annual Jazz and Seafood Festival on July 7th at Nelson Kitland Park in Apopka. This family-friendly event included amazing food, three live bands, two saxophonists, and three DJ’s.
Thank you to our employees for making Rubenstein Law a winner of Top Workplaces for 2018!
#RubensteinRecaps! Our firm was honored to partner up with Miami Northwest Express Track Club, Inc. in support of our youth sports. Special thank you to Alan Holt and a very special congratulations to all the athletes who competed!
Soy Tony Soto de Rubenstein Law y estas son las reglas de Rubenstein para Lesiones Personales. Regla número 10, tiene el derecho a seguridad. Muchas compañías tienen el deber de mantener su propiedad protegidas contra la violencia. Pueden tener que establecer luz apropiada, ventanas y rejas aseguradas, y servicio de vigilancia. Ofrecemos evaluación gratuita si usted o un ser querido ha sido asaltado.
Our dedicated employees work hard every day to help make our firm the greatest in Florida. And each year we celebrate them and their families at our annual company picnic. This year's was the biggest and best one yet!
Check out our latest partnership with Jacksonville Jazz Festival on May 24, 2018 featuring Sheila E., Trombone Shorty and Arturo Sandoval Music.
The buzz throughout Tampa in May was about the 92.5 MAXIMA FM's Fiesta Maxima at the USF Sun Dome, featuring Puerto Rican superstar Víctor Manuelle and our RLaw glow sticks!
Miami went WILD over the hilarious stage adaption of ¿Que Pasa USA? at the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts on May 17th. Rubenstein Law was proud to be an official sponsor! Congratulations to producers Loud and Live and to the entire cast and crew for successfully bringing back The Peñas...40 years later.
Hi, I’m attorney DeWayne Terry from Rubenstein Law and this is Rubenstein’s Rules for Personal Injury. Rule #10. You have a right to safety. Many businesses have a duty to keep their properties safe from violence. This applies to apartments, shopping centers, and other businesses. They may have to provide appropriate lighting, secure windows, gates, as well as on-site security. At Rubenstein Law, we offer a free evaluation of your case if you or a loved one have been assaulted.
Hi, I’m attorney Christopher Pezon from Rubenstein Law and this is Rubenstein’s Rules for Personal Injury. Rule #9, Head injuries are serious. You can get a brain injury from whiplash without even hitting your head. Sometimes symptoms of a traumatic brain injury can be subtle Watch out for changes in personality or behavior. Your family may notice it first. At Rubenstein Law we make sure all your injuries are addressed, especially head injuries.
Soy Miriam Fresco-Agrait de Rubenstein Law y estas son las reglas de Rubenstein para Lesiones Personales. Regla número 9, las lesiones en la cabeza son serias. Usted puede sufrir una lesión cerebral sin haberse golpeado la cabeza y algunos síntomas pueden ser tenues. Tenga cuidado con cambios sutiles de personalidad o comportamiento. En Rubenstein Law nos aseguramos de que todas sus lesiones sean atendidas.
Puerto Ricans know how to throw a celebration! Rubenstein Law was honored to be a part of the party at the 2nd Annual Florida Puerto Rican Parade & Festival in downtown Orlando on April 28th.
Hi, I’m attorney Meranda Reifschneider from Rubenstein Law and this is Rubenstein’s Rules for Personal Injury. Rule #8, Demand the best service. You’re entitled to it. Rubenstein Law cares about you. Our team is dedicated to providing the best legal experience during this difficult period. Cases do take time to get you the result you deserve, but we work diligently on those cases, keep in touch with you, and return your phone calls as quickly as possible.
Soy Jessica Gonzalez-Monge de Rubenstein Law y estas son las reglas de Rubenstein para Lesiones Personales. Regla número 8, exija el mejor servicio. Rubenstein Law se preocupa por usted. Nuestro equipo se dedica a entregar la mejor experiencia legal durante este período difícil. Casos toman tiempo para obtener el resultado merecido, pero nosotros trabajamos diligentemente, nos mantenemos en contacto con usted y le devolvemos sus llamadas lo antes posible.
Hi, I’m attorney Kelly McCallum from Rubenstein Law and this is Rubenstein’s Rules for Personal Injury. Rule #7, Understand Attorney’s Fees. You’ve probably heard “no fee guarantee” or “you only pay if you win”. This isn’t some kind of special offer, most injury attorneys are paid this way. We get paid this way. There are limits on what percentage attorneys can charge. Our firm charges you nothing, not even costs unless you get money.
Soy Raul Garcia de Rubenstein Law y estas son las reglas de Rubenstein para Lesiones Personales. Regla número 7, entender los honorarios de los abogados. Probablemente ha escuchado "solo pagas si ganas" Esta no es una oferta especial, la mayoría de los abogados de lesiones les pagan de esta manera. Hay límites en los porcentajes que los abogados pueden cobrar. Nuestra firma no le cobrara nada, almenos que obtenga dinero.
Hi, I am attorney Aaron Feuer from Rubenstein Law and this is Rubenstein’s Rules for Personal Injury. Rule #6, Only settle when it’s the right decision. We try cases all the time, but the truth is, most cases settle. With our lawyers on your side, the insurance company knows if they don’t make a fair offer, we will see them in court. Our experience will assist you in deciding whether to accept an offer or go to trial. And our advice will help you make the right decision.
Soy Ramon Crego de Rubenstein Law y estas son las reglas de Rubenstein para lesiones personales. Regla número 6, solo acepta cuando sea la decisión correcta. Nosotros litigamos casos, pero la mayoria de ellos llegan a un acuerdo. La compañia de seguro sabe que si no hacen una oferta justa los veremos en la corte. Nuestra experiencia lo asistirá en determinar si aceptar la oferta o ir a juicio. Y nuestros consejos le ayudaran a tomar la decisión correcta.
Rubenstein Law sponsored the 2018 Jazz In The Gardens Music Fest featuring Anita Baker, Smokey Robinson, Chaka Khan, Fantasia, Joe Thomas, tasha Cobbs, Trick Daddy, and many more! Special thank you to Melvin Roane and his team, as well as Vannis Rucker Lopez, and the entire Hard Rock Stadium security & staff.
Rubenstein Law sponsored the BIGGEST street festival of the year, Calle Ocho 2018! Calle Ocho is the largest street festival in Miami and the largest Hispanic festival in the nation. More than one million people joined in this internationally renowned block party to celebrate Hispanic culture from around the world in Miami's historical Calle Ocho.
#RubensteinRecaps! For the love of strawberries!!! Check out our latest sponsorship at the 2018 Florida Strawberry Festival in Plant City, Florida! The Florida Strawberry Festival is an 11-day community event celebrating the strawberry harvest of Eastern Hillsborough County. Each year, over 500,000 visitors enjoy the festival’s entertainment, youth livestock shows, rides and...strawberry shortcake.
Soy Natasha Pargas de Rubenstein Law y estas son las reglas de Rubenstein para lesiones personales. Regla número 5, no ignoré sus lesiones. Después de un accidente, la mayoría de las personas no se dan cuenta que tan severas son sus lesiones y pueden empeorar a través del tiempo. Tratamiento medico temprano es fundamental. Tenga cuidado con las clinicas que solo tratan cuello y espalda. Venga a vernos. Hablaremos acerca de todas sus lesiones.
Rule #4, Referral services are not Lawyers. These referral services make money by directing your case to a lawyer and a clinic. Often the clinics are owned by related companies. Are they picking the best attorneys or the ones who pay to join? You don’t know these people, so why are you putting your case in their hands? Pick a lawyer by reputation and results.
Soy Lisa Cabrera de Rubenstein Law y estas son las reglas de Rubenstein para lesiones personales. Regla número 4, servicios de referencia no son abogados. Estos servicios ganan dinero dirigiendo su caso a un abogado y a una clinica. A veces las clinicas son propiedad de compañias que estan relacionadas. Estan escogiendo los mejores abogados? O a los que pagan para ser miembros? Escoja un abogado por reputación y resultados.
Rule #3, Insurance companies are not your friends. They are not your good neighbors and you are definitely not in good hands. They are all in business for themselves. Insurance companies fight every day to not pay claims. They don’t want you to get a lawyer, but they have lawyers. So what should you do? Hire someone who is really on your side. Right now.
Soy Lynette Monem de Rubenstein Law y estas son las reglas de Rubenstein para lesiones personales. Regla número 3, compañias de seguro no son sus amigos. y definitivamente usted no estas en buenas manos. Las compañias de seguro pelean todos los dias por no pagar sus reclamos. No quieren que usted obtenga un abogada, aunque ellos tienen abogados. Entonces que deberia hacer? Contrate a alguien que de verdad este de su lado. Ahora mismo.
If you’ve been in an accident and a stranger contacts you to get your case, watch out. They’re breaking the law. These crooks knock on your door, send you text messages, and even go into your hospital room uninvited. They work for shady clinics and lawyers who want the insurance proceeds for themselves. Don’t hire them, report them.
Soy Ninfa Schmidt de Rubenstein Law y estas son las reglas de Rubenstein para lesiones personales. Regla número 2, tenga cuidado con extraños. Si ha estado en un accidente y un extraño lo contacta para obtener su caso, tenga cuidado, estan violando la ley. Trabajan para clinicas y abogados sospechosos que quieren las ganancias para si mismos. No los contrate, reportelos.
When you or a loved one have been injured by another’s negligence, an experienced attorney can make a huge difference. At Rubenstein Law, we will find all of the insurance, make sure your injuries are documented, and work to get you the best result. While each case is different, a well-known insurance company’s own study showed people with a Lawyer on average got more money! Call Rubenstein Law at 1-800-FL-LEGAL.
Rubenstein Law sponsored Orlando’s King of la Calle Cars & Bike Show! A special thank you to Rumba 100.3 FM -- Orlando, Florida, Gigolo y La Exce, Jory Boy and Aliez y Moa.
In his free time, attorney Marcos Garcia uses his camera to tell the story for those who can’t speak for themselves; Miami’s shelter dogs. His message is simple #AdoptDontShop. His black and white documentary style shelter photos are poignant, raw and often trigger a visceral reaction.
A recap of the 9 Mile Music Festival on Saturday, March 11, 2017, at Historic Virginia Key with clips of the great music and fans.
Personal injury attorney Chris Gaj of Rubenstein Law Tampa gets up close and personal with the crowd at the 2017 Florida Strawberry Festival that took place in Plant City, Florida March 2-12! Sponsored by Rubenstein Law 1-800-FL-LEGAL!
When a drunk driver hit our client, it was our job to make sure he was fairly compensated.
Sally grew up in Orlando and takes her job of protecting clients injured in all kinds of accidents very seriously.
Chris grew up in the Tampa Bay area and takes pride in fighting for the local families of those injured in car accidents, slip and fall and wrongful death.
Personal Injury Attorney Chris Gaj of Rubenstein Law's Tampa office - recounts the case where an older couple injured in a rear-end collision were initially offered minimum compensation but with our hard work & experience the final offer was the maximum policy limits - $1 million dollars.
After a frustrating start to his case with another firm Mr. Palmeiro came to Rubenstein Law and got the care and results he deserved. Rubenstein Law: Put us to work for you.
Hear what our clients have to say about us! John was in an accident on his scooter when someone took an illegal turn and hit him. Luckily today John is fully recovered and he's a happy client of Rubenstein Law.
Porque dejar la hermosura de Miami, para ir a Cleveland? Eso es una locura! Como representarse uno mismo durante un accidente.
Why would you leave beautiful Miami, to go to Cleveland? That's crazy! Almost as crazy as representing yourself in an accident.
You've been in an accident and now your have a choice. Just last year the personal injury attorneys at Rubenstein Law recovered over $75 million for our clients. Call today 1-800-FL-LEGAL. Let us help you.
Attorney Robert Rubenstein discusses how you can claim extra unpaid hrs worked from your employer/ Abogado Robert Rubenstein discute sobre como reclamara horas extra trabajada a su empleador.
So Many Lawyers: How to Choose and Decide?
How to pick a personal injury lawyer? Get to know them, how long have they been practicing law? Check out Facebook, LinkedIn, visit their office. Robert Rubenstein of Rubenstein Law guides you through a short series of questions clients should reference when choosing a lawyer.
Lawyer Robert Rubenstein of Rubenstein Law explains how personal injury attorneys are paid. That means no fees or expenses unless you win money.
Robert Rubestein of Rubenstein Law discusses the study that shows that victims of personal injury take home more money if they've hired a lawyer.
Robert Rubenstein of Rubenstein Law discusses how immediately after an accident most people do not realize how badly they've been injured and why it's so important to treat all your injuries.
Robert Rubenstein of Rubenstein Law reminds us that insurance companies have lawyers and so should you.
Robert Rubenstein of Rubenstein Law addresses the strangers who approach you after an accidenty and why they do not work for your benefit.
Robert Rubenstein of Rubenstein Law advises you about the advantage of getting an attorney following an accident.
In this interview, Robert Rubenstein of Rubenstein Law offers advice in the scenario you do not have No-Fault Insurance.
What is Uninsured Motorist Coverage? And do I Need it?
In this interview, Robert Rubenstein of Rubenstein Law answers questions about what uninsured motorist coverage is and why adding uninsured motorist coverage to your auto insurance policy is a wise decision.
In this interview, Robert Rubenstein of Rubenstein Law explains how having unisured motorist coverage works.
What if I Call a Lawyer who Doesn’t Return my Phone Calls?
In this interview, Robert Rubenstein of Rubenstein Law shares his thoughts about lawyers who are contacted by personal injury or employment law clients who do not return the clients phone calls.
In this video Robert Rubenstein explains who handles clients cases at Rubenstein Law, your Florida personal injury law firm.
What if a Stranger Approaches me to Handle my Case?
In this interview, Robert Rubenstein of Rubenstein Law gives advice about victims who get approached by a stragner, at the hospital or home, about handling the victims legal case.
In this video, Robert Rubenstein of Rubenstein Law explains what working for a contingency fee means.
In this video, Robert Rubenstein of Rubenstein Law addresses the types of cases Rubenstein Law handles.
In this interview, Robert Rubenstein of Rubenstein Law explains if it is easier to handle your own accident case and the results of self representation versus an experienced personal injury attorney.
Do I Have to use my No Fault Insurance?
In this interview, Robert Rubenstein of Rubenstein Law lets you know if you should use your No-Fault Insurance or not.
In this commercial, Rubenstein Law discusses the firm win of $500,000 for a client injury.
In this commercial, Rubenstein Law discusses the firm win of $850,000 for a client injured in a car accident.
In this commercial, Rubenstein Law highlights our win of $475,000 for a client injured in a fall.
This commercial "If I was injured" discuss Rubenstein Law settled $300k for a neck and back injury, $475k for a client in a fall/ En este commercial "Si fuera lesionado" explica como Rubenstein Law le consigio $300k a un client que se lesiono el cuello y espalda, $475k a un cliente por una callida.
This commercial "If I was injured" discuss Rubenstein Law settled $475k for a client in a fall./ En este commercial "Si fuera lesionado" discute como Rubenstein Law le consigio a un cliente $475K por una callida.
Robert Rubenstein discuss how you can be a victim of an auto accident and the firm settled $200k for a neck injury./ Robert Rubenstein discuta como uno puede ser victima en un accident de auto y consigio 200k a un cliente por una lesion de cuello.
In this commercial, we discuss how hiring Rubenstein Law after an accident makes things start happening immediately for your case./ En este comercial, discutan como Rubenstein Law empieza trabajar en su caso en el momento que usted lo llama.
Rubenstein Law works to get you results and promises to fight against the insurance company and win the money you deserve. Rubenstein Law trabaja para conseguirle resultados y promete luchar contra la compania de seguro por todo el dinero que se merece .
In this commercial,the illegal practice of "ambulance chasing" is discussed and Robert Rubenstein of Rubenstein Law offers a reward of $25,000 to bring these solicitors to justice.
This commercial "If I was injured" discuss Rubenstein Law settled $425k for a client in a auto accident./ En este commercial "Si fuera lesionado" discute como Rubenstein Law le consigio a un cliente $425K por un accidente de auto.
This commercial "If I was injured" discuss Rubenstein Law settled $850k for a client in a auto accident./ En este commercial "Si fuera lesionado" discute como Rubenstein Law le consigio a un cliente $850K por un accidente de auto.
This commercial "If I was injured" discuss Rubenstein Law settled $500k for a neck and back injury, $425k for a client injured in an auto accident/ En este commercial "Si fuera lesionado" explica como Rubenstein Law le consigio $500k a un client que se lesiono el cuello y espalda, $425k a un cliente lesionado en un accidente de auto.
In this commercial, we discuss the types of cases - slip and fall, car crash, motorcycle wreck, negligence, neck and back injuries we win at Rubenstein Law.
In this commercial, we discuss how hiring Rubenstein Law after an accident makes things easy for you.
In this commercial, we discuss how hiring Rubenstein Law after an accident makes things start happening immediately for your case.
In this commercial, we discuss how hiring Rubenstein Law after an accident makes things easy for you./ En este comercial, discutan como contrara Rubenstein Law despues de un accident se encarga de todas molestia.
Rubenstein Law supports Youth Reckless Driving PSA- If your friend is driving recklessly, speak up!
Rubenstein Law supports - Distracted Driving PSA - When driving, focus on the road, not your phone or anything else. | 2019-04-24T22:21:03Z | https://www.rubensteinlaw.com/video-library |
Using our Influencer Network Analysis (INA) methodology, we analysed the recent media discussion around the diabetes drug market to identify the main topics and the key opinion leaders driving the conversation.
The global diabetes drug market is on the rise mainly due to the increasing prevalence of the disorder: the number of adults living with diabetes has almost quadrupled since 1980 and is now 422 million, according to the World Health Organisation. This pool may rise to 642 million by 2040, as per the International Diabetes Federation’s estimates, with an expected increase in patients from emerging countries.
The market would likely be valued at $58.4 billion by 2025, growing with a compound annual growth rate of 3.6% from 2016, when it was worth $43.1 billion. With its relatively low entry barriers, the market is home to a copious number of players, and the competition is anticipated to intensify further with the emergence of new rivals and the emphasis on product development by established companies.
In terms of revenue share, North America leads the global market primarily because of unhealthy eating patterns and sedentary lifestyles, but this dominance is expected to be challenged by the Asia Pacific, with countries such as China and India offering considerable opportunities for market penetration.
In addition to the increasing prevalence of the disease, another major factor for the development of the market is the rising global awareness of diabetes. A growing number of stakeholders have joined the media conversation, including governments and national agencies, international organisations, patients, healthcare professionals, academics, insurers and food industry representatives.
We analysed the diabetes conversation in the English-language media in the last six months, using our Influencer Network Analysis (INA) methodology, which employs natural language processing, entity extraction, free-text data mining and dynamic network mapping technology, complemented by human-led analysis.
The main topic was the cost of diabetes drugs, specifically in the United States, the world’s largest pharma market, where patients spend around $1,200 on prescriptions drugs a year – more than the patients in any other developed country.
Drug price levels, in general, have traditionally been one of the hottest topics discussed in the US media, and for a good reason: on average, citizens of other high-income parts of the world spend 56% of what Americans pay for the exact same drug. For instance, the average US prices for the world’s 20 top-selling medicines are three times higher than in the UK.
In the case of diabetes, the American Diabetes Association estimated that the total costs of diagnosed diabetes have risen to $327 billion in 2017 from $245 billion in 2012, which represents a 26% rise. The higher spending has been attributed mainly to the rising prices of insulin, the most popular diabetes medication, which has become “the poster child for pharmaceutical price gouging”. The cost of the four most popular types of insulin has tripled over the past decade.
Critics from various stakeholder groups have pointed out that the value of medicines is not established in a reliable manner since US policy makers have traditionally been relying on the market to determine the prices and have not implemented relevant regulations.
Some commentators refer to examples from Europe and Canada where drug prices are determined via value-based (health technology assessments, pharmacoeconomic analyses), reference-based (international and therapeutic price referencing) and risk-based (managed entry agreements) approaches.
Many media outlets in our sample reported on a recent study by the nonprofit Health Care Cost Institute, which found that the cost of insulin for treating Type 1 diabetes in the US nearly doubled from 2012 to 2016. Apart from trying to explain the reasons behind the price hike, journalists often included stories from family members and patients describing the rationing of the lifesaving medication because they could not afford it.
The majority of articles mentioned specific pharma companies, particularly Eli Lilly, Sanofi and Novo Nordisk, which control almost the entire $27-billion global insulin market. Reuters wrote that so far in 2019, Sanofi raised prices on some insulin products between 4.4% and 5.2%, Novo Nordisk raised prices on some of its insulins by 4.9%, while Eli Lilly had not raised prices on its insulins as of January this year.
In fact, Eli Lilly was the most often mentioned company in the pricing topic because it announced plans to sell an “authorized generic” version of its most popular insulin, Humalog, for $137.35 per vial, a 50% discount off the list price. Some journalists suggested that the move was an effort to head off criticism about rising costs since Lilly is often in the centre of insulin debates: it has raised the price of Humalog more than 30 times since 1996, reaching more than a 1,000% increase.
Many articles fell under both ‘drug pricing’ and ‘regulation and policy’ topics, since healthcare costs have always been on the agenda of presidents, senators and of the Congress, and are currently a major focus of the Trump administration.
States and federal government agencies have usually taken an active part in the debate, with some mandating tighter drug price control and launching legal challenges against pharma companies. Some states like Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, Oregon and Vermont introduced transparency bills compelling drug makers to justify their pricing practices.
Multiple congressional inquiries have focused on insulin, with the most widely reported news in our sample being that two US lawmakers, Democratic Representatives Frank Pallone and Diana DeGette, wrote letters to the heads of Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk and Sanofi requesting information on why insulin costs have skyrocketed in recent years. This came after Democratic Representative Elijah Cummings wrote to 12 pharmaceutical companies, including the insulin makers, questioning their pricing practices.
The ‘regulation and policy’ topic also included articles on Brexit and the possibility of insulin shortages in case the UK crashes out of the EU without a deal. Patients and providers have started stockpiling the medicine, and companies such as Novo Nordisk have booked some air-freight slots to prepare for the possibility of significant border delays, while others such as Sanofi are boosting their UK supplies and testing alternative routes into the country.
These reports come as part of pharma’s central place in Brexit-related discussions. From the infamous campaign bus which hit the road with Vote Leave’s empty promise about £350 million a week for the National Health Service to the latest ominous warnings of post-Brexit shortages of drugs and medical devices, we would struggle to find an in-depth analysis of the impending political divorce which does not feature the life science sector.
For more on this topic, read our analysis: Brexit in the Media 3: Life Science PR in Unhealthy Climate.
Business and professional publications also focused on recent regulatory approvals in the sector. For instance, the European Commission gave the green light to AstraZeneca’s diabetes drug Forxiga for use as an oral supplement to insulin in adults with a rare type of the disease. In the meantime, the US Food and Drug Administration rejected a drug by Sanofi and Texas-based Lexicon Pharmaceuticals for use with insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Most recently in the ‘approvals‘ topic, Novo Nordisk submitted its oral semaglutide drug, which it hopes will transform the diabetes market, for approval in the US, using a priority review voucher to speed up the review time.
Clinical trials and medical research were naturally the focus of professional outlets. Recent instances included a trial which found that an experimental drug may help type 2 diabetes patients control their blood sugar and a study which estimated the positive impact of jardiance on life expectancy in adults with type 2 diabetes.
The ‘corporate strategies’ topic included reports on specific corporate initiatives: for example, EastGate Biotech, which specialises in insulin drug delivery, appointed key opinion leader Dr. Lalit Upadhyay to drive awareness of the company’s liquid insulin mouth rinse solution for Type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes patients. Meanwhile, Insulet, s firm focusing on tubeless insulin pump technology, announced that it will raise awareness for National Diabetes Awareness Month in November.
There was also a fair share of legal news, the top trending of which was the US Patent and Trademark Office rejecting Sanofi’s infringement claims against generics drugmaker Mylan relating to insulin drug Lantus, Sanofi’s leading product with sales of $5.26 billion in 2017. In the meantime, Roche launched a lawsuit claiming that its glucose test strips for diabetes patients were used in an $87 million insurance fraud scheme.
Financial reports and forecasts featured Novo Nordisk reporting solid growth for its new diabetes drug and saying it would submit a tablet version for US approval in the first quarter, which lifted the company’s shares with almost 4%. Other news included diabetes drug Trulicity boosting Eli Lilly’s third-quarter profit.
Eli Lilly’s lead was mainly due to the launch of Humalog’s cheaper version, which was well-documented by a wide variety of outlets and was met with mixed reactions.
In addition to the context of drug pricing and its patent case against Mylan, Sanofi was mentioned for its ambitions for connected technology in diabetes – the company has pushed digital, integrated diabetes efforts through its joint venture Onduo, and with Verily and Sensile Medical.
Nicolas Kressman, Sanofi’s senior media relations officer for North America, said in an interview with Fierce Pharma: “It is not just about developing a platform supporting the daily management of diabetes, it’s about a test and learn process by bringing quickly to the people the support that they need, ensuring that the adoption process is easy for them and improving solutions as time goes.” He added that the company is also working on its own and with partners on a “complete portfolio of disposable and reusable connected insulin pens”.
DRG Digital’s Patient Experience Index found that Sanofi’s and Novo Nordisk’s brands rank best for digital type 2 diabetes patient experience in the highly competitive marketplace for type 2 diabetes treatments. For example, Sanofi’s Lantus website tailors content to patients according to their experience, while unbranded assets supporting Novo Nordisk’s diabetes brands include patient-centric messaging conveying to patients that they’re not alone.
Novartis and Pfizer were mentioned for their joint venture to develop treatments for a liver disease which may become a lucrative market because it’s related to obesity and diabetes. Medtronic, the world’s largest medical device company, was the only medtech firm on our list. It has launched the MiniMed 670G system, a self-adjusting insulin pump system for patients who have Type 1 diabetes, in the UK.
Using our INA methodology, we also found the influencers shaping the diabetes drug market discussion. In order to go beyond the well-known key policy stakeholders, we excluded politicians and top-level officials. In this way, we excluded some of the political ‘noise’, which made it easier to identify other types of influencers and to gain deeper insights into the stakeholder groups driving the debate.
The map below visualises the relationship between the influencers driving the conversation and the publications which mentioned them most often. The size of the circles indicates the influencers’ prominence in the media discussion, and the width of the connections between the influencers and the publications is indicative of the coverage volume.
In our sample of the diabetes discussion, Eli Lilly CEO David Ricks was the most central spokesperson. He was quoted by publications such as Reuters and Bloomberg mainly in relation to his company’s launch of the cheaper version of Humalog.
He also wrote a blog post, which he said that his company agrees with patients, doctors and policymakers who are demanding lower list prices for medicines and lower patient costs at the pharmacy counter.
Apart from Ricks, other corporate representatives were not that influential and lagged behind politicians. The other most central pharma CEO was Olivier Brandicourt, the head of Sanofi, who provided a rare look behind the curtain of drug prices, with a detailed breakdown of the company’s US sales last year, showing that of the company kept less than half of its 2018 revenue.
Other corporate representatives in the media conversation included Mads Krogsgaard Thomsen, chief science officer at Novo Nordisk, who was quoted in relation to the firm submitting its oral semaglutide drug for approval in the United States. “Many people don’t like to inject themselves with a needle,” Thomsen told Reuters because having to inject the drug tended to make people feel more sick.
As the US media generally presents the drug pricing discussion from a political angle, politicians, government agency representatives and government officials had a share of the conversation. Republican Senator Chuck Grassley, chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, and Senator Ron Wyden, the committee’s top Democrat, were the most influential policy makers in the discussion for sending letters to the heads of Eli Lilly Novo Nordisk and Sanofi.
Physicians and academics were also well-represented in the discussion, particularly around drug pricing. Cardiologist Dr. Elizabeth Klodas was the most central one for saying that “we are in a sense entering a two-tiered system because there are individuals who can make it happen and just write a check”, while “others are not able”.
The second most central academic was Dr. Ben Wheeler, a leading pediatric diabetes researcher in Australia, who was quoted in relation to an AP investigation into insulin pumps and their high number of injuries. He told the AP that the use of insulin pumps “appears safe” and is “potentially safer” than insulin injections.
Patient advocacy representatives and patients were generally not that well-represented in the conversation, with the notable exceptions of those testifying at the Congress hearing. Antoinette Worsham, a mother of two insulin-dependent daughters, testified before the House Oversight Committee, and Kathy Sego, a mother of an insulin-dependent child and American Diabetes Association volunteer, appeared before the Senate Finance Committee.
Our study corroborates that key opinion leaders play an increasingly important role in the pharma industry, with companies seeking deeper collaborations as part of their messaging campaigns. Identifying influencers and their relationships to particular topics in media conversations has become an essential part of ambitious outreach programmes.
For example, in our award-winning work with the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), we explored the media discussion surrounding nutrition, sugar and obesity, highlighting potential partners for advocacy collaboration. We found the most prominent influencers and illustrated how they are interlinked, which allowed the IDF to become more targeted and efficient in its stakeholder outreach and overall communication strategy.
As a result, the IDF managed to build strategic alliances and partnerships beyond the diabetes landscape and forge new partnerships. As part of IDF’s G7 “Call to Action” campaign, the influencers made diabetes the second most mentioned topic on Twitter in connection with the G7, although that topic was not on the agenda.
For more insights on the immense value of PR measurement in pharma, take a look at our blog post outlining the results of five studies we conducted.
Do you want to learn more about identifying key opinion leaders through Influencer Network Analysis?
Download the 12-page white paper by Commetric and learn how Influencer Network Analysis can be used to identify and rank the KOLs that drive media coverage on Alzheimer’s disease, and the related topics that generate traction with media outlets and reporters. | 2019-04-25T06:34:31Z | https://commetric.com/2019/04/05/diabetes-drug-market-pricing-debates-amid-rising-awareness/ |
"Congratulations on your purchase of a Schofield Tools 211-V Directed Energy Plasma Cutter! The 211-V combines power and reliability in a portable form factor, allowing for one-handed operation.
The Plasma Cutter delivers a cohesive pulse-stream, or "bolt", of ionized plasma when fired. It is capable of firing bolts vertically (primary firing mode) and horizontally (secondary firing mode). The Plasma Cutter is very accurate, utilizing three blue lasers to indicate the desired cutting plane.
On impact with the target, bolt cohesion fails frontward first, penetrating the target with a focused jet of superheated matter. This causes intense localized shear effects as well as a tunnelling thermal expansion. When used upon brittle, frozen rocks riddled with faults, it can split them open in one or two shots in skilled hands. Against pliable targets, however, impact will cause minimal damage and thermal expansion will not so much cut as stress the area around the impact site, sometimes requiring several consecutive hits with the non-upgraded tool. Still, when presented with a less than effective alternative against dense organic matter, the 211-V Plasma Cutter retains its utility."
I've probably spent hundreds of hours on this - I originally made it for a costume in 2014 but it was a very rough design and some of the moving parts were unreliable. THE MARKER COMPELS ME TO DO BETTER. This year I've decided to revive it, clean it up, make it more durable, and add some extra features.
The Plasma Cutter features a rotating front blade capable of mounting either three lasers, or for a more cosplay-safe version, three LEDs. The LEDs take up considerably less space which enabled me to design a mechanism to extend the 'fins' on the front of the cutter, making it more game-accurate. The actual movement of the fins in-game can only be described as 'physics defying' as they move through parts of the model, but extending the fins in real life still looks totally cool! The vast majority of the design is my own, but I borrowed and modified the grip from this Seburo M5, and this Rack and pinion.
I had (and still have) minimal 3D modelling skills so I used the Tinkercad platform to design all my parts. I aimed to design the parts so that they could be printed without any support material to reduce complexity, though there are a couple of parts that will require minimal amounts. With the addition of some electronics, glue, spray paint and a few nuts and bolts, the result was... well, awesome!
Just a heads-up: you'll need some soldering equipment and a little bit of soldering skill to complete the electronics build.
At some point I'll work out how to actually make it fire bolts of superheated plasma and make a killing in the extra-terrestrial mining market.
NOTE: I've made some minor design tweaks since I took the photos for the build guide, so you may find a couple of parts look a little different to the photos. The instructions remain the same though!
I fired up Dead Space and made sure I got a few screenshots of the Plasma Cutter in each configuration (vertical/horizontal and stowed/deployed). This also let me get a sense of it's scale relative to Isaac, and get a feel for the colour scheme. I kept the screenshots handy so I could scroll through them at my leisure as I designed each part, and if I needed to see how something moved I could just jump back into the game. I also performed a few reload or two to determine which part was the magazine.
Design was definitely the longest part of the process, as it would sometimes involve printing a part only to discover that something was slightly misaligned or I hadn't taken something into account, which would mean a redesign and reprint. I didn't work on it every day, but it took at least 3 months to get everything done.
I tried to use M3 nuts and bolts throughout, but there are a few M2's for the small parts like microswitches and the trigger. You'll also need some M6 rod and nuts for the bottom bar. A full list of the non-3D-printed parts I needed to complete the project follows. Most of the parts can be picked up on ebay cheaply.
After I started designing this I discovered self-tapping screws for plastic that are excellent for printed parts where you don't want to mess about with fitting a nut somewhere! I've used them pretty extensively, but the slots for the nuts are still there on the parts.
3D printing filament. Sliced with 20% infill, 2 perimeters and 0.2mm layers, Simplify 3D estimates 484g of PLA, so well under a 1kg spool. If you don't have access to a printer try 3DHubs.
Laser version: 3x green laser pen (£2-3 each on ebay) - Blue lasers aren't cheap or small yet!
1x Cyanoacrylate (aka super glue) - bonds PLA well but not tested with ABS.
1x battery, 2S 7.4V about 50x30x15 in size to fit inside the magazine. You can get more than one if you want and have multiple magazines!
You'll need some spray paint and related supplies too. I got most of mine from Halfords as it's nearby, and automotive paint tends to be tougher and more long-lasting than others.
We'll be using a 5V supply (Vs), so to work out what resistance (R) you need for the LEDs you need to know some specs about the LED: forward voltage (Vf) and operating current (I).
85ohms doesn't sound like a widely available value, but this isn't an exact science. As long as you use a value pretty close to whatever value the equation gives you, your LEDs will still last for years.
You'll need to decide which version you want to make before you print!
Print everything else that isn't in the above lists. Each STL file only needs to be printed once, apart from the rack in the extending version which needs to be printed twice. The largest part is the handgrip and main body, so it's probably wise to check that it fits in your printer's build volume before you print anything else. It will fit into a 200x200x200 build volume if you turn it 45 degrees.
20% infill and 2 perimeters is enough for a sturdy but lightweight build.
Pull trigger, fins extend and LEDs/lasers activate.
If the rotate button is pressed while the trigger is pulled, then the front blade rotates 90 degrees.
When the trigger is released, the fins retract and the LEDs/lasers switch off.
The fins will retract if the blade is in either of its orientations.
Pressing the rotate button with the fins retracted does nothing (the fins will hit the main body if they rotate while retracted).
If you're not building the extending version (i.e. rotate only) then the rotate button will work regardless of the trigger state.
The Plasma Cutter is controlled by an Arduino Nano as they're cheap and very capable for their small size. The whole thing is powered by a 7.4V LiPo battery that is regulated down to 5V. A SPDT microswitch in the trigger passes 5V to the LED's/laser when the trigger is pulled. The trigger state is read by the Nano to determine wether to extend or retract the fins. A push button above the trigger is also monitored by the Nano to determine if the blade should be rotated. A standard low-profile servo controls the blade rotation and a micro servo controls the extending fins, both of which are controlled by PWM outputs on the Nano.
When the plasma cutter is powered up (i.e. when the magazine is inserted) it will run through a setup sequence that puts the blade vertical and the fins retracted, no matter what positions they were in to start with, so it always starts from a known point.
Extending version: Download and unzip the plasmacutter_full.zip file and go into the created folder.
Standard version: Download and unzip the plasmacutter_rotate_only.zip file and go into the created folder.
Later on you'll need to fine tune some variables in the code so that your servos have the correct amount of travel to rotate the blade by 90 degrees and extend/retract the fins properly. This is covered in a step during the assembly.
There are a few parts that need to be glued, namely the rear pod, the magazine, magazine housing with iron sights, and the fins and panels. If you're making the standard (i.e. non-extending) blade version then you can glue that together now too.
Note that if you paint these before gluing them then you're just bonding the outer layer of paint instead of the plastic itself, so it will break much more easily.
Glue the rear_detail_1 and rear_detail_2 pieces onto the rear pod. You might need to trim rear_detail_2 and the hole it fits into with a sharp knife to get a good fit.
Glue the rear_bar piece into the front of the pod. Use the 6mm rod as a placeholder to make sure you glue it straight.
Glue the magazine_detail piece onto the back of the magazine.
Glue the iron_sights piece onto the mag_housing, making sure it's engaged properly in the groove. Try to keep the flaps either side level with the ground.
Glue the fins onto the panels. This can be done now for both the extending and standard versions. Try to keep them as square as possible while gluing - see image.
Glue the fins and panels on to the sides of the blade. Make sure the panels are at least 55mm apart so that the fins will clear the other parts of the model when the blade rotates.
Glue (or use self-tapping plastic screws) the rear fin onto the servo mount. You might also get away with using M3x20 bolts to tap the holes.
Use either self-tappers or M3x20's and 4 nuts to attach the servo to the mount. The wire should come out towards the bottom of the plasma cutter.
Remove the XT60 and continue using the drill bit on the marks you've made. You can use an electric drill but be careful not to go deeper than about 1mm or you'll expose the contacts inside.
Put the XT60 back in the slot, and use 2 nuts and 2 M3x10 bolts to clamp down into the holes you made in the previous step. This will stop the XT60 moving when inserting or removing the magazine.
Flip the top plate over and solder the wires onto your 5V regulator, and check the polarity is correct.
I used an adjustable regulator that I had lying around already. To adjust it I connected a 2S battery and turned the potentiometer until I got 5V on the output pins.
Solder a female JST onto the output pins. Keep the wires relatively short.
You will hopefully be able to tuck the regulator up into the top plate to keep it out of the way, leaving only the JST connector poking out.
Trim down the servo horn so it fits nicely in the slot on the back of the blade. Try to ensure that the hole in the centre of the horn lines up with the overall centre of the blade and sits flat in the slot. Glue it in place, ensuring the teeth that engage with the servo are on the outside of the part.
If building the extending blade, pass your micro servo lead through the blade and then through the off-centre hole in the main body. For both blade types, pass a female JST with 160mm of cable through the same hole.
Slot the servo mount into the back of the main body, while ensuring that all the cables pass up the side of the servo and out the top without being trapped. The servo mount fits in easiest if you latch the bottom in first, then push the top into place. It's not quite as easy as I'd like, but it pops in relatively nicely. Now is a good time to shorten and re-terminate the servo leads. This can be done with pliers, but is much easier with a servo pin crimp tool.
Pass the JST connector through the blade, then screw the horn onto the rotator servo. Don't worry about what position the servo is in just yet, this just keeps everything from falling apart while you put it together.
Extending blade only: Screw the micro servo into the blade, ensuring the wires come out towards the top of the plasma cutter.
Extending blade only: Slot the extending racks into place. You may need to carefully flex the sides a little to pop them in.
Extending blade only: Attach the fin plates to the racks using either self-tappers or M3x20 bolts and nuts.
Extending blade only: With the racks at the ends of their travel, ease the pinion onto the micro servo. You'll need to flex the sides a little to get the herringbone teeth to engage with both racks. If the pinion won't fit onto the servo, very carefully enlarge the hole. You want this to be a tight fit so it won't slip during use, so don't overdo it. Again, don't worry about servo alignment just yet.
Solder about 150mm of wire onto the two Normally Open (NO) contacts on the microswitch. I used red wire to indicate this is the main path for the LEDs/lasers. If building the extending blade, solder an additional 150mm cable onto the Normally Closed (NC) contact - this will be used to sense the trigger state. Also bend a few mm of the microswitch lever up 90 degrees - this will come into play when the trigger is installed.
Solder one end of the NO wires (doesn't matter which) onto the positive lead that runs down into the blade, and cover with heatshrink. Pass the microswitch through the hole in the centre of the main body.
Extending blade: Crimp up two sets of servo pins with about 40mm of wire, and solder both positives and both negatives together. Leave the signal wires loose. Standard blade: only 1 set of pins is required. The pins can be crimped with pliers, but it is much easier done with a proper servo pin crimp tool.
Add a male JST with 40mm of wire. Also add and extra positive and negative wire pair about 30mm long. Solder together all the negative connections, i.e. the -ve servo pins, the lead running into the blade, the JST and the extra wire. Then solder all the positive connections together, i.e. the other NO wire, the +ve servo pins, and the extra wire. This can be a tricky business with so many wires, so it takes either a practised hand or some 'helping hands' hardware to keep them all together while soldering. Cover with heatshrink (as an alternative I used liquid electrical tape).
Extending blade only: We need a 20kohm pull-down resistor for the trigger switch. Solder it between GND and D3 on the nano, leaving some resistor leg exposed on the D3 side for further soldering.
Slot the microswitch down into the trigger well.
Use 2x M2x20 screws to secure the microswitch in place. You may need to jiggle the microswitch around a bit to get the screws to line up with the holes.
Solder two wires about 100mm in length onto your push button, then insert it into the side of the main body. Secure it using the supplied nut.
Solder one side of the push button to GND on the Nano. I used the resistor leg that is already connected to GND. Solder the other side onto D2.
This is fiddly! Be prepared for frustration. Take your spring and insert it into the hole in the back of the trigger. slide the trigger up into the trigger well, and use a small screwdriver or similar to push the spring onto the part of the microswitch lever you turned 90 degrees earlier.
Line up the holes for the screw, then screw it partially down with an M2x20. Test the trigger; there should be some movement before you hear a 'click' as the switch is pressed. When you release it, the trigger should move back out and the switch should disengage. If the switch is permanently engaged, remove the trigger, cut a couple of mm off the spring, and try again. Repeat until you're happy that the trigger action is nice and reliable, then tighten the screw fully.
This is an important step!
Now you have the trigger and push button installed, connect up the two servos (rotator to pin 9, extender to pin 10). Upload the code to the Nano if you haven't already done so. Connect the top plate and main body using the JSTs. Leave the top plate off while testing in case you need to change some variables on the Nano.
If you're using the extending blade, unscrew the pinion, then unscrew the micro servo so you can remove the blade - don't pull it too far off or you might damage the cables. Connect a 2S battery to the XT60 on the top plate. The servos should run through a short routine that would normally put the blade vertical and fins retracted.
Now reattach the blade to the rotator servo. If it won't sit vertically because of the alignment of the teeth on the servo, change the rotupper variable by 5 and reupload the code to the Nano. If it's still not quite right, adjust it by small amounts as necessary and reupload until you get it to sit vertically, then screw it down onto the servo.
Hold the trigger and push the rotator button. The blade should rotate by 90 degrees. If it overshoots, increase the rotlower variable by small amounts and reupload. If it undershoots, decrease the variable. Repeat until you get 90 degrees of movement.
If you're using the extending blade, pull and hold the trigger and then disconnect the battery. Reattach the micro servo, then manually slide the fins to their outermost position and keep them there while you reattach the pinion. Reconnect the battery and wait for the blade to turn vertical and the fins to retract. If the fins are at the lowest point of their travel and the servo is humming as if its struggling then you need to decrease the extupper variable and reupload until the fins stop just shy of the end of their travel.
You probably won't need to change the extlower variable (it's 0 by default) but the option is there.
Congratulations! Your servos are now configured for the proper amount of travel.
Tuck the Nano down into the main body, leaving only the JST hanging out. Insert 4 M3x20 bolts through the holes on the underside of the main body.
If you're not using self-tappers, put M3 nuts into the slots at the front of the main body. Connect the JSTs on the main body and top plate, and pass the M3 bolts through the holes. Screw the front down using 2 M3x20's or self-tappers.
Insert 4 M3 nuts into the slots in the magazine housing. Clip the housing in at the front first, just above the XT60. It may take some persuasion to pop it into place. Once it's in position screw the 4 M3 bolts up into the nuts to tighten it all together.
Glue the front arch and bottom plate pieces into position as shown.
Slot the M6 nut into the back of the pre-glued pod. Put an M6 flanged nut about half way up the rod (so it sits between the rear pod and the bar that sticks out) then screw the rod down through the rear pod until it engages with the nut.
Tighten the flanged nut up against the front of the pod, then screw another flanged nut on at the end.
Pass the rod through the hole in the main body and fit a flanged nut the other side. Tighten up both nuts so the rear pod is level and cannot move.
Put the female XT60 into the slot in the magazine. Use the same process as you did with the top plate, i.e. line it up with the back of the slot, then make 1mm holes in the XT60's sides with a 3mm drill bit.
Solder the XT60 onto your battery (in my case a ZIPPY 2S 500mah). Secure the XT60 in place using 2 nuts and 2 M3x5 bolts. The battery may sit nice and tight up against the discharge lead (make sure its not so tight as to be damaging), but if not some double sided tape should keep it secure. Keep the balance lead accessible if you wish to charge it with a balance charger.
Take your 3 LEDs and solder a resistor (value depends on the LED) to the positive side of each one. Cut the legs down to a manageable size and bend them over.
Slot the LEDs into their holes and place a male JST connector at one end. Cut enough lengths of wire so that you can wire all 3 LEDs in parallel. You'll want to keep the wiring down to a bare minimum so that it fits in front of the extender servo. Make sure you connect the positive feed from the JST to the correct side of the resistor for each LED!
Take your LEDs back out and solder them up in parallel with the JST using the wires you just sized up. Use heat shrink or liquid electrical tape to cover any exposed contacts. Once done, slot the LEDs back into their holes.
Connect the male JST to the female JST in the plasma cutter's blade. It doesn't matter if you route it over the top or the bottom of the racks in the extending version, there should be enough room to accommodate the wires when the fins are fully extended. Use self-tappers or 2 nuts and 2 M3x20 bolts to secure the plate onto the blade at either end. It should clip on nicely in the middle (this also helps prevent the blade flexing and letting the racks slip under heavy load). Depending on how well calibrated your printer is you may need to file the edges of the plate a little to get a decent fit.
This step requires you to dismantle the laser pens to extract the laser itself to be mounted into the blade. Usual safety rules apply: don't look straight into the lasers, and don't point the lasers at people, animals, planes or anything else daft. Steps 1 to 6 need to be repeated for each of the three lasers.
Remove the front cover, being sure not to damage the optics underneath. It should pull out towards the front with some persuasion from a pair of pliers.
We need to remove the outer body. These laser pens seem to be constructed using a very tight compression fit., so I found using a rotary tool with a cutting blade made this much easier. Use eye protection! Make sure you don't cut too deeply; it doesn't matter if you mark the outside of the optics barrel, but avoid cutting right through it. WARNING: the body can get quite hot when you cut it with a rotary tool, give it a minute to cool after cutting!
Use a tool to open up the outer body enough for the laser to slide out. Remove any plastic covers or foam spacers that may be present.
So far I've come across two designs when ordering these cheap pens. One has a thin barrel for the focussing lens, and the other a fat barrel. The fat barrel type needs to have the driver board carefully bent over by 90 degrees in order to fit inside the blade. There are 3 legs joining it to the laser emitter; ensure the single leg is on the outside of the 90 degree bend. The thin barrel type doesn't have the room to bend the board over, but it can fit further down the laser mount so space in the blade isn't as much of an issue.
Desolder the battery spring from the end of the driver board.
Bridge the legs on the push button to bypass it. A short piece of wire should do the trick.
Slot the lasers into the printed laser plate by a small amount. Use them as a guide to cut enough wires to connect them in parallel to a male JST connector.
Solder the wires on. There are 3 legs joining the driver board to the laser emitter. You need to carefully solder the positive wire to the leg that is on it's own on one side.
The negative wire should be soldered to the end of the board where the battery spring used to be.
Once you've soldered the male JST on, push the lasers down into the plate. They'll be a tight fit, so they might need a little persuasion. If you're using the 'thin barrel' type where you can't bend the board over, you need to push the middle one quite far down (you can push the other two further down too if you like) so that it clears the servo mount in the middle of the blade.
If you're using M3 hardware, put nuts into the slots in the blade. Connect up the JSTs, then clip the plate into the front of the blade. Screw down with self-tappers or M3x20's. Depending on how well calibrated your printer is you may need to file the sides of the plate a little to get a good fit. Connect up a battery and (safely!) test your lasers!
NOTE: These lasers are designed to run on 3 volts (2 AA batteries). We're running them at 5 volts. There is what looks like a voltage regulator on the driver board, but I don't know what voltage it's rated up to. To be on the safe side I'd recommend operating the lasers in short bursts, though I've used mine for quite a while now and I've not had one burn out on me yet.
Remember that time you thought you were safe on the shuttle, tearing away from the infested colony at high speed? CreepyNicole appears on the seat next to you and goes for the jugular.
Painting will require some disassembly. You'll want to remove the top plate, take the blade off the front, remove the extending fins and racks if present, pop the servo mount out, and remove the rear pod from the bottom. You'll also need to take the trigger off. Use masking tape to cover any electronics and the XT60 connectors while painting.
Coat the parts in filler primer. Try to apply an even coat, and don't let it build up too thickly or you'll have trouble when parts are a close fit e.g. magazine and magazine housing. Wait for the coat to dry before the next step.
Sand the filler coat down until you start seeing the plastic underneath. The layers should start becoming less visible. Repeat steps 1 and 2 until the part is smooth enough that you're happy with the finish. Usually 3 or 4 coats will do it, but it depends on how smooth you want it.
Apply an undercoat of chrome, and wait for it to fully dry.
Use mustard to create areas where you want the part to appear worn, as if the original finish has come off over time. Battling necromorphs tends to do that.
Apply your top coat over the chrome and mustard. I chose a dark grey. Wait for it to dry.
Using some damp kitchen towel or similar, wipe off the areas with mustard to leave the chrome exposed again.
Lightly apply some black spray paint if you like to give the part some tone and make it look a bit 'dirtier'.
Apply a coat of lacquer to protect the part. Done!
I wanted the front parts of the plasma cutter (blade, fins etc) to look like they had been on the business end of some mining/necromorph dismembering so before I started painting I used a small file to create lots of scrapes and gouges. I then ran mustard up the gouges during painting to make it more convincing, and used black spray paint on the front of the fins. I think it came out rather well!
For a finishing touch I found some rubber mat and cut it to shape to fit on either side of the handgrip. It adds some grip and looks good at the same time.
Step 19: Remember to Dismember!
Thanks for reading my first Instructable! It turned out WAY longer than I thought it would, but I'm quite pleased with it. I hope you find it useful! If you've followed my guide and built one be sure to share it, either here or on the Thingiverse page.
Don't forget, aim for the limbs to inflict maximum damage on those pesky necromorphs!
Thx for the cool model. Very nice and the rotation is so cool. But i have 1 question which servos did you use? I cant find any servo that will suits the model. I hope that you have time to answer this question.
Wow nice job!!! I'm just printing all the parts. Next step is to put a speaker with the sound of the shot.
Absolutely fantastic, making it mechanized is just stunning. Congrats!
This is incredible! From the first couple of photos, I thought you had made it out of foam board, but 3D printing it is so much cooler. And durable! | 2019-04-20T00:19:04Z | https://mobile.instructables.com/id/Dead-Space-Schofield-Tools-211-V-Plasma-Cutter/ |
I do not have any children, yet, but I pledge to tell them the truth about Santa Claus from the beginning. I will not pretend/lie that Santa Claus is a real person who delivers gifts all over the world to children on "Jesus' birth day". In what type of world is that possible? A magical, miracle filled world. But that's not the world we live in and I don't want children to get the wrong idea. I will let them know that Santa Claus is "make-believe" just like Superman and Star Wars.
It is a little known fact that the North American aboriginals were raising their children to be well balanced members of their community without spanking or hitting their children before Europeans came to the Americas. Considering that and the reality that we know a whole lot more about the world, history, the nature of life then did our grandparents we should be open to new ideas when it comes to the education and relationships parents have with their children.
I believe that telling children Santa Claus is real when they are young is the first remember-able lie that parents tell their children. When a person is young they are still learning how to remember. This accounts for why we don't remember the earliest years of our childhood.
I still remember the pain of finding out Santa Claus was not real. On reflection I experienced a major episode of cognitive-dissonance. I remember being in complete disbelief of this new fact. If Santa were not real then my parents lied to me? If Santa were not real who gave me those gifts from Santa? Why would they lie to me? Where was the reasoning?
There is no reasoning! All that remains is an ironic similarity between a child's head over heels faith in Santa and an adults head over heels faith in Jesus. The study of Santa and the building of his folklore can be of great interest when contrasted with how other mythical characters such as Jesus developed. There was a Saint Nicholas who was known for his gift giving and after his death was consider a saint for children (as well as sailors and other things) even though he was never formally made a saint. These tidbits of historicity can be pillars of foundation for folklore.
If you are giving gifts to your children and spending quality time with them over the holidays, where is the need to tell them the gifts are from Santa. Tell them it's you! They will love you instead of Santa. Get them to respect you. Let them know other children are not as fortunate and their parents lie to them about Santa. No child will respect you for crafting an elaborate time extensive lie. It's as simple as equating Santa Claus and Mother Goose. Children understand nursery rhymes are not real.
Christians started the tradition of tagging a new ideologically based holiday/festival on top of a pre-existing one. Remember Saturnalia? It was the religious (often referred to as pagan) festival of ancient Rome near the end of December. Christian developers placed Jesus' birth day as December 25th so that one holiday could be placed over/next to the already existing holiday. No Christian then or now could determine Jesus' actual "birth day" and this is because Jesus is mythical and was therefore never born in reality. If you would like a reference to a modern religious institution attempting to do the same thing the 4th century Christians successfully accomplished then see Iran. The Iranian New Year (Norooz) which is part of the pre-Islamic culture in Iran and dates back 2500 years (almost a millenium before Islam) is being swarmed by new Islamic public holidays around Norooz to drown out the non-Islamic celebrations.
Perhaps, although I'm speculating, the cultural crafters of Santa Claus (who were Enlightened) had the intention to drown out Baby Jesus with Father Christmas and send the future children (all of us) a hidden message!
My proposal is that we should worship the cell and more specifically the human and plant cells (Eukaryote) during the December holiday season. Tag a new ideologically based celebration to an old one. We should launch an army of atheist/biologist artists to craft the stories, the new traditions, the poems and songs of our new holiday. In the spirit in which the Mitochondria gives energy to the cell we should give gifts symbolic of the energy and love we have for friends and family.
Don’t forget about the winter solstice factor. Many religious celebrations stem simply from the observance of the time when the days start getting longer, symbolizing hope and new beginnings.
You could argue that as the focal point of the Christian holiday, Jesus was simply an enlightened humanist who was able to transcend the suffering of ordinary life and serve as a compassionate role model who gave others hope.
Santa Claus is based on the idea of giving generously to those less fortunate than oneself without recognition for the action. So as you can see, it is very easy for even the most ardent atheists to celebrate the spirit of the season without worrying too much about the religious agenda and BS. This is a time for hope and new beginnings, so give generously and be thankful and try to enjoy it. Happy holidays!
My daughter is 4 months old -- so I haven't had to handle this kind of issue yet, I will soon.
I think Santa belongs in the same category as fairies, dragons, unicorns, folktales, myths -- wonderful sources of makebelieve, an idea to use our imagination about. Sure, in our hearts, we know we're just playing pretend, but so what. I wouldn't interrupt children playing like they were doctors or zookeepers to remind them that they really aren't those things. I wouldn't lie to them and claim imaginary things are real, either -- but I might very well play along with their ideas.
I think children should have the same privilege in their lives that we claim for ourselves as adults. Adults play pretend all the time, we just call it entertainment instead. When I read a novel or watch tv, I'm not hoping for an endless rationality lecture about how the stories I'm so wrapped up in aren't real.
Kaylea: All I think that the entry was saying was not to link the joy of giving to a mythical being, which traps you into lying as growth from year to year occurs. Instead, just be honest, right off - the first time she asks - with your daughter (daughters are wonderful - I have two, both grown)best.
In reality there once lived an elderly kindly old man named Nicholas. He carve wooden toys for the poor children and delived them at Christmas time. They called hima saint for his actions, ie Saint Nick. He brought magic into the lives of these children - as the traditon lives on - the magic of the unopened box - the present continues. How is thiw wrong in a world who tries so hard to do away with the magical??
Here's why you're 100% wrong.
1. Letting the 'magic' of Santa exist teaches an important lesson to the kid once he or she finally finds out. It shows him or her that we as people can believe in a made-up concept and are susceptible to deep belief. I think this can be instrumental in making a person more skeptical and questioning. It's very much a gift. It's a gift of both letting the kid's mind have years of wonder/fun/anticipation in thought while it lasts and it's the gift of a powerful example of being impressionable as he or she reflects later in life.
2. It's one of the few societally-acceptable traditions that allows this lesson, where parents are not later looked upon negatively for having "lied."
3. Santa, the elves, Mrs. Claus, flying reindeer & sleigh, candy canes, toy factory, lights, pretty trees, fun and emotional music -- the whole shebang -- is extremely fun and beautiful. It's now totally non-religious in its practical form and function, just like the Tooth Fairy and Easter Bunny.
4. It gives kids (and adults) some ('real') magical feeling, under the full understanding among our culture that Santa is a fictional concept. That's an important distinction to, say, parents and society belonging to a cult/religion and actually proselytizing with unsubstantiated beliefs.
5. It's fun. Magical /feelings/ are not bad. They're inherent to our biology, like taking delight in the twinkling lights, that certain sense of peace in the air, and inhaling the grandness of nature. What matters is how it's derived. Everyone should enjoy such feelings when they can, depending on the situation, of course. Such feelings do not have to have anything to do with cults/religion/institutions, and need only to do with the reality of human feelings. Appreciate the vastness. Enjoy the unexplainable.
6. The kid doesn't get the gift they want?: Santa's fault. Haha!
7. But seriously, life is short. Have fun. It's an enjoyable, secular experience, and even an important lesson.
As an atheist, I temporarily thought like you did years ago. I figured it would be more proper to be 100% real and present the (cold) truth because the truth is a beautiful concept as well. Buy you know what? I later realized that it's not only not harmful, it's actually a pretty helpful memory. And reality is partially of our own volition. If it wasn't we would be totally boring and not do millions of "irrational" things like celebrate birthdays.
Is it wrong to like fantasy, to think about castles, sprites, heros, villains, strange new worlds & ways of life? Nope. It's good for one's mind and curiosity. It's good to learn to separate fantasy from reality, yet still succumb to feelings and imagination.
So let the secular tradition live on!
Succumb to the 'spirit' of it all. And, of course, along with Santa, show why giving to others is so important. Have kids think of ways to give back. Go out and do it. Empathy and ethics are best established by making actual connections to people and animals, to see and relate to suffering, to see and relate to how much a little help can mean to others.
Also, the actual feeling in the air on xmas/solstice holidays is as real as we are real: it's the sum of knowing that others around us are taking part in a peaceful collective action. It's the feeling of harmony that we strive toward as a species.
Sure, it'd be great if every day were so healthy. But it's good that certain holidays/traditions still live on. They live on in the secular land of fun and goodwill. That itself /is/ rational.
Wow. You really need to lighten up. I have a 15 month old daughter who I love to bits and I have every intention of doing the Santa thing with her. Why? Because it's straight harmless fun, and that is what children need and are about, something I guess you are yet to find out.
My wife and I are expecting our first child this year and I fully intend on educating my children about the differences between reality and fantasy. In knowing the historical facts, i.e. Jesus and Saint Nicholas of Myra were real people in history, I hope they will be able to appreciate fantasy all the more.
Our family won't celebrate Christmas as the commercialized pagan holiday with Santa Claus being at the center. Instead, we will give our attention to the man named Jesus of Nazareth, who was born in a "dumpy rural hick town", and claimed to be the "son of God".
Holidays and traditions are great opportunities to teach kids history, as well as the richness and depth of peoples value systems and faith (which is central for all humanity to have in order to live progressively).
If one wishes his or her child to appreciate fantasy all the more, one must give the gift of allowing that child to actually experience fantasy.
Intellectual pontification in parenting is rather removed from a young kid's thought process. What adults value as richness and depth is usually meaningless in relation to how a child sees the world. We only have so many chances in life to fully experience "magic" before childhood slips away.
I find it ironic that destroying the myth of Santa -- by talking to a kid about "St. Nick" as the person he was in recorded history -- is deeply antithetical to the beauty and fun invoked by "St. Nick's" actions: secretly giving gifts.
No Santa? What about the Tooth Fairy? What about the Easter Bunny? Anything!? The gift of a /temporary something/ is healthy in youth. It lets minds & dreams flourish. Would you not want as much when you were a kid? Answering "no" is probably intellectual dishonesty.
In parenting, there's no ultimate right & wrong per se; my words are solely for some readers' (re)consideration. I wish you all well and much success either way.
Another practical perspective to add to the "keep the magic" thoughts above: Santa is a convenient way to have children not know parents are giving them all these gifts. As children are forming their expectations about how the world works, there's always the risk of them getting spoiled. I would not want to have to deal with "butbutbut you would have bought me this for Christmas!"
Of course there are other less elaborate and deceptive ways to deflect the responsibility, but this one's got built-in credibility.
Oh, the horror! Poor Peter, finding out Santa wasn't real and experiencing cognitive dissonance! WOW! How have you managed to move on from such an experience?
Oh you Poor mis-informed little puppies. You are all asking the wrong question. I am so sorry that your parents destroyed your life for you by telling you that Santa was a fake. look at you now..you don't believe in anything anymore. Very unfortunate.
The question you should be asking is "Was" Was Santa for real? If you decide to raise your children as an athiest, that's fine. He or she will miss out on everything that you wewre denied and that will make for a wonderful family life.
Read your history books. Find out where the name came from originally? I'm not preaching any religion. I am a non-religious person. But the truth is that he once existed around 300 AD. Long before he was ever called Santa Claus. Does he fly in a sleigh, come on. of course not. Does he come down a chimney? Duh! But was he real? Yes, indeed. and the Name Kris Kringle was just a derivative translation from old-German. Do some homework before you go on about fairies and fantasy. Does he exist today. No! But if you teach your children that he never existed, then you are sorely mistaken. Just a bunch of overgrown kids who were disappointed by the news. Sorry you feel that way.
Interesting. I thought I was the only one that felt like this. I have two teenage boys but I always told them the truth. I told them you put "from Santa" when you want to remain anonymous. Santa is the symbol of giving.
I just felt that Santa was a terrible lie and I thought how could they ever believe anything else I said if I tricked them with something so huge as this.
This is not to say we didn't play Santa. But my kids always knew the truth even when they left out the milk and cookies.
Unlike the author of the original post, I do have a child: a wonderful, very intelligent 6 year old boy. His friends told him this year that Santa was fake. No horrible trauma. In fact he liked the game of telling US the truth while we were insistent Santa existed. He then spent a long time telling us how this was not true: There were boxes from Amazon that I had never opened that he knew had toys, he received gifts from other relatives, if there was a Santa why did we have give toys to less fortunate children, etc., etc., etc.
It made him feel like an adult to have discovered the truth. It was harmless fun. Sometimes life with children is harmless fun...no scarring, no "cognitive dissonance". Sometimes the life well led is the life led less seriously.
The children who live next door to us are raised to believe that Santa, the Easter bunny and all the rest are lies. They are the saddest boys I've ever met. There is NO magic in their lives. You're a child for 18 quickly passing years and an adult for the rest of your life. Why make them so adult. Christmas, Santa it's about people all over giving and goodwill.
Those two boys love our house, the people who give them Easter baskets that the bunny leaves for them, and that Santa left a gift for them at our house. Their mother tells them one thing and she is okay with us telling them what our beliefs are. Guess whose house they love to visit. Yes us the magical ones. Not because we give gifts because there's joy and happiness in this house.
Why not cultivate in our children the same sources of awe and joy that we get to experience as adults. This way they are emotionally prepared for their entire lives instead of just the early years.
Based on some of the posts here, it sounds as if many of us believe that becoming an adult means leaving all wonder, amazement, and imagination behind. That's a horrifying thought.
What about the wonders of nature or those of human ingenuity and imagination? The world is full of amazing creatures, a scintillating array of cultures, and a depth of scientific discovery which would take a lifetime to plumb. We have built the pyramids, the Great Wall, and have sent explorers to the moon. We have works of the likes of Asimov, Herbert, and Tolkien to fire our imaginations.
And above all, we have friends and family with which we can share and enjoy it all.
So read to your kids. Encourage them to see the beauty in the natural world around them, and make sure that they're always learning something new. This will keep them happy, excited, and interested in life without having to deceive them into thinking that fictional characters are real.
If you've been reading this blog, you must have noticed that some people feel betrayed when they eventually find out that Santa and the others are not real. These were/are someone's children. Are we really so arrogant that we can pretend to know that our children won't have a similar reaction? Are we willing to take the risk when the alternatives are so rich and abundant?
Gentlemen, do you shake hands when you meet a new acquaintance, or see an old friend? Ladies, do you greet your friends with a smile or perhaps a friendly hug. Or maybe you are the high-five type. These are traditions that have their roots in ancient beginnings. Some day your children will learn this. Perhaps you will teach them and perhaps they will learn it on their own. Santa Claus, Kris Kringle and the whole story behind it is just a wonderful mystery for children. It's fun! To be sure, it is partly fantasy, but it is happy times. It's childhood. You may choose to deprive your children of this wonderful period in their lives, when they learn the meaning and pleasure of giving and receiving gifts. You can start them out in life with a cold and stark home with no symbol of Christmas, because you don't believe in God, much less the birth of a human son of god. (to believe or not, in a religion is a choice we all make and we are all entitled to our own beliefs or dis-beliefs or non-beliefs.) But we are talking about the early understanding of a tradition and a lesson of human nature. The lesson of giving of yourself. A lesson that each child can only be enriched by. But,that's a choice we all make on our own. If your child begins his or her life in a social environment that has a general acceptance of the concept of Santa Claus, when the time comes so see through the fantasy and face the real story, will you be ready with another lie? Will you just say "Sorry Sweetie, Santa is a fake and all your presents are bought for you, so just don't believe in that crap?" Or will you at least attempt to tell them the history behind the tradition. You don't have to believe that warriors held out their empty weapon hand, as a symbol of truce and trust, to shake a friends hand. You don't have to believe in the birth of a Christ Child, if you find it that repulsive a thought. But you can take the time to tell a story, regardless of your belief. A story of tradition. A true historic event that has resulted in a common, once a year tradition. There are many ways to answer a child, when they look to you for answers. Some prefer the short, hard, cold "facts". Others prefer to allow the young, inquisitive, creative mind an opportunity to see a much broader answer. Anyway you do it, id your decision. I am not preaching "wrong and right". I suggest you look for a book. It may soon be an eBook. It is the story of how one grandfather answered his granddaughters question, as told by the 5yr old herself. It is published by Outskirts Press. Titled "Tell me the Truth..Is Santa for Real? A Five Yr Old's Own Story. It's not the answer. It is just one of the ones that worked!
I'm an agnostic and have never stopped "believing" in Santa. When I was a little kid, I played along with the physical santa concept. I knew that was just for fun though. I believed in Santa then as I do now as a symbol. That Santa Clause is the essence or symbol of the giving spirit during the Christmas holiday. I give pagans, christians, and macy's their due in creating what we now know as christmas... but there is a good feeling of giving, and to me that is embodied in the image of Santa.
Why crush that out of the holiday? Or out of your children? Obviously the physical part isn't there. Get over it. Stop whining about the lie. Have a little vision and don't throw the baby out with the bathwater.
The true magic in this world is all the amazing things humans are capable of... the amazing things the natural world creates daily. The spirit of selflessness and giving is one of those magical things.
Some people here are splitting the wrong hairs. You can tell your kids about Santa and keep all the other standard trimmings (candy canes, trees, wreaths, mistletoe, etc), but why do you need to lie and tell your children a man is coming down the chimney with gifts?
I don't see how this 'magic' is so terribly diminished by understanding that people who love you are the ones buying you gifts.
I wonder, to all the Santa proponents here, how you would have a low-income single mother explain to her very well-behaved son the reason why Santa brought the little punk who picks on him at school all sorts of games, gadgets, and toys, while he received only a few things.
Why does Santa discriminate against poor kids?
One more post, forget to subscribe last time. Sorry! | 2019-04-22T20:59:20Z | http://atheist-monkey.blogspot.com/2008/12/tell-children-truth-about-santa.html |
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Scribblenauts Unlimited will require your imagination to another degree. Throughout its thing founder, you’re able to make original items, besides, to assign them together with exceptional possessions, or share them with your pals online. These items are exactly what you may use to assist you to solve puzzles and sooner or later bring in your self a sta-rite. You could even get into your previously summoned items throughout the match’s Object Library.
Scribblenauts Unlimited can be an informal experience strategy game made by 5th Mobile Media and released by Warner Bros.
Discover all Game Code stores and deals to play and download Scribblenauts Unlimited at the most effective price. Save money and time: Compare Cd-key Stores. Activate Scribblenauts Unlimited cd-key in your Steam client to get into the gameplay multiplayer.
Spots from the match have their topics, also by seeing those areas, you’ll be in a position to just accept challenges from non-playable characters (NPCs). Some problems might ask that you solve puzzles until you are rewarded using Starites; additional degrees which have smaller problems will give you sta rite shards and collecting a few of those can enable you to get Starite.
It’s interesting to play with.
STEAM CD KEY: Utilize the Steam Key-code on Steam Platform to play and download Scribblenauts Unlimited. You have to log in to a Steam Account or make one at no cost. Then, as soon as you log in, click Insert game (situated in the underside left corner) -> Publish a Merchandise on Steam. That key on your cdkey and the match is going to be triggered and added into a Steam account match catalogue.
When being creative and solving puzzles can be such a match. Subsequently Scribblenauts Unlimited is unquestionably an ideal alternative for you personally.
In this era, people are so busy in their lifestyles that they have filled their minds with anxiety and stress. From a Child to an old age person everyone today faces the problem of pressure. Children are anxious about their study, youngsters are worried about their carriers, adults are running behind money, and the old people are concerned about their health and family. Everyone is running a race and no one wants to lose it. But while running for this race, they had left their health behind. Their minds are full of thoughts, thoughts of past, and worry for future; this has lead people to become anxious and stressful. And this stressful mind has destroyed their health.
Doctors say that anxiety is a reaction to stress which put your body on alert which affects your nervous system, increases in breathing rates, muscle tense, divert blood flow and leading to severe diseases.
But do we have any solution which we can apply while running for the race of life?
Well! “Yes,” We have a solution for it. Doctors say that there are plenty of solutions like Yoga, Exercise, Prayer, etc. But people do complain that they don’t get time to do such things. So, they become helpless while adopting such solutions. So is there any solution which one can choose while they’re pursuing their hectic schedule? And for this situation Music seems to be the best solution.
Now you will say, how can music relieve anxiety? But yes music can reduce stress and anxiety at an extreme level instead listening to the right music do it. Music is also of different types, motivating one, Soft one, Sad one, etc. and finding the perfect match for the reason of your anxiety will give you relieve from it. If you are a student, then you should go for motivating songs. If you are worried about work, go for some soft tunes which will relax your mind and nerves and lead you to forget all your problems for a while. And the best thing about listening to music is that you can listen to it anytime and anywhere.
Maintaining a playlist is also very important. Maintain a list of your mood so you can switch to that playlist whenever you feel low. To keep a playlist, you can get help from some Music apps like Spotify Music, Pandora one apk, Go music, etc. which helps you maintaining playlists with different music types.
You can hear music while driving for your work. Maintain a playlist in your car also, so; you don’t need to waste time for searching some. Before any meeting too, you can hear music which calms your mind, and you will feel relaxed even when you are tired. Rather than taking naps in a hustle bustle area go for silence and some music, it will give you best break ever.
When you want your mind to relax, listen to soft music but when you want to energize your body and get your enthusiasm back, then you should go for some loud music like hip hop, pop music, rock music, etc. It will command your cells to wake up and tell your mind to get energize.
Music is something which can change your mood. People used to listen to music while working because music keeps their mind awaken.
Some students hear music while studying, which is not a good thing. Listening to music while studying deviates your mind and also the spirit become habitual of it.
Burn Money is a versatile app permits a PC impersonation of a burning procedure of money notes. To utilize the Service, installment is required. The expense qualifies the client likewise for watch a short video cut from its utilization of the Service and to get a declaration of cooperation which the client may share on the interpersonal organizations.
The administration is an energized PC diversion, and ought not to be considered at all as a consolation to enjoy any unlawful movement of burning positive dollar notes. The Service ought not to be understood as being discourteous to the US dollar, or then again to any picture on the US dollar note.
BURN CASH is a money-burning amusement. Player brands as much money as he can through In-App buys. More money the player burns, the better position in leaderboards. World Top 10, Week Top 10 and Day Top 10 records are accessible.
Now, the Burn Money app is accounted for to have somewhere close to 50-100k clients on the Android OS alone since its keep going refreshed on the Google Play store in July. The iOS form was discharged on August ninth. While it is misty what number of these clients are dynamic, this app appears to have started the enthusiasm of countless from around the world.
As per the reports, by far most of the app’s clients are situated in the United States. Be that as it may, substantially more are burning their well-deserved dollars in different nations with considerably more large measures of trade going up out smoke. In taking a gander at the scoreboard, it appears to be that clients in Dubai and China are the well on the way to burn $100 charges, making this exciting looking to another level.
As a man who is famously wary of any spending without an apparent (if the not phenomenal return, i.e., sushi buffets) degree of profitability, it is hard to judge if this app will burn splendid or glimmer out at any point shortly.
The feasible clients of this app appear to be either adrenaline junkies like card sharks, and those hoping to flaunt their status to others. With a world that is in no short supply of both of these gatherings, it is likely that Burn Money and other comparable apps will stick around for quite a while before swinging to cinders.
The Internet has given birth to too many services and utilities online, which has changed the way we think of the world. Now you can shop online, watch latest released movies online, reality TV shows, and more. Streaming is one more category, which has given an opportunity for the talented people to come to the various platform and show their creativity online, which has impressed many people and have made them millionaires within no time.
Streaming is next generation category, which has proven already that people can do wonders with a live feed. The Bonk Be Live is an unique Android and iOS application, which will give the people access to tons of features to go Life or Watch online. What makes Bonk Be Live different from others? Read further to find out.
Augmented reality is next level technology, which replaces the virtual reality, where you have to create the whole world to experience the virtual reality but that isn’t the case in AR. Augmented reality uses your surroundings, which eliminates the cost and efforts to develop a new world and you can add various things to the augmented reality like a dinosaur.
AG is available for every mobile that has Bonk Be Live is installed in it, if you are one of those who wants to experience the latest technology, then Bonk Be Live is the right one for you.
No matter what kind of applications is launched without a proper number of features and options, they don’t cut out to be on our list.
It is considered as an advanced messenger, which has all major platforms are offering as of now.
Send audio & Video messages.
You can send photos, links, share videos to the Youtube directly.
You can also share the music directly in the Music gallery or Apple music.
You can customize your profile the way you want it.
You can expect every feature you can find in a popular messaging platform.
What features do the Streamers get?
A complete layout for only streamers.
You can create posts and groups.
A unique feature where you can get six photos as profile feature.
Activities – Post, Moments, Photos, Music, Videos, and more.
A product without monetization is not cool, isn’t it? The company has developed a proper plan for monetization, which will help you generate revenue from the Advertisements, Display ads, Notification ads, crowdfunding and more.
As usual, there will be display ads but uniquely. You can have the advertisements in your profile.
Advertisements will play during the streaming, and you will be notified about the ad few seconds it starts.
Notification ads, which will help you generate extra income.
Crowdfunding means, when a viewer sends you virtual gifts you will receive a percentage of the value of a gift. Crowdfunding has proven to be a primary source of revenue for many entertainers in the past.
There are plenty of things unique about this app, and the developers are working to meet your expectations.
Bonk Be Live has a professional team behind it, who are always working to make the existing services better and they are also trying to find better solutions for the present problems. The company key person Greg Gifford is working with the American management team who are also welcoming 30 million new users, which will take the Bonk Be Live to the next level. The Bonk Be Live is planning to make the company public soon with the banker’s investments, which means more boost to the company.
It will allow the company to welcome more investments from the public with the exchange for shares. The Bonk Be Live will grow in coming years, and it will also reflect in some users and advertisement revenue as well.
It is an important question asked by many streams, so we are covering it so that new ones should know about it before they installed the app.
1 – When you are streaming live, and you get a call, your streaming will be resumed.
2 – When you are done with the call, the services will be reopened.
3 – Bonk Be Live will go back live at a fast rate.
So you don’t have to worry about the privacy invasion and no issues in getting back to live feed.
Let us know what you think about the developments and the improved services in the comment section.
Using Snapchat isn’t like using other social media. You send message in the form of video and the other people that receive it can watch it for a moment. After that, it will be deleted automatically. This feature is unique and good, especially if you want to protect your privacy. However, in some case, this feature also can cause some problem, from abusing to bullying. And, if it happened to your kid, you can imagine what kind of bad effect your kid can get. So, how can we protect our kid from this kind of dangerous effect? The answer is by hacking your kid’s Snapchat. To do that, you can go to https://www.toptrackingapps.com/best-snapchat-spy/ and get the tool that you need. Here are some of them.
This tool can track and save message, video or any data from Snapchat app on the device that you monitored. What you need is installing this app on your kid’s device. That way you can access it through your own device to access and see all files and messages your kid used on their Snapchat app. This tool also can be used to monitor several different accounts. This device can be used for all OS, such as android, iOS, Mac or Windows. If you install it on Android or iPhone, you need to root or jailbreak it first.
This tool can reveal all those deleted and hidden data from your kid’s Snapchat app. then, you can view them anytime you want. That way you can monitor your kid activity on Snapchat easily.
The main feature of SpyEra is it can’t be detected easily. So, once you install it on your kid’s device, your kid won’t be able to easily find it and turn it off. To access this app, you can use it through control panel. SpyEra also has many different features that will help you to spy any device that you want easily. And, the most important thing is it compatible with many different platforms.
You can use it on many different mobile devices. It also can easily save all data from your kid’s Snapchat. However, in order to use it, you must root or jailbreak your device.
Now, after you know all tools you can use, you need to choose one that you like. To find the best one, first you need to look at the price. All apps that mentioned above aren’t free. You must buy them, and the price is quite expensive for mobile device apps. However, that’s reasonable, because it has important function.
The other thing you need to look for is its compatibility. Make sure the app that you use is compatible with the OS or device that your kid used. More than that, the feature is also important. Try to look app with the most complete feature that can help you to access your kid’s Snapchat. If you can do that, you will get the best tool that give you more benefits that you ever imagined.
Due to this rise in the demand of android developers, a bunch IT training institutes across the city are introducing dedicated curriculum and classes for Android app development courses. One of these institute can be your temple of education if you’re looking forward to a promising career in android application development.
Android based mobile devices, games made available to the user on android platform. So if you love all those apps and games on your phone and wonder how it works, then this could be a cool career option for you.
Today, every other phone is running on android platform. Every 6 out of 10 mobile devices are found to be android based devices. Presently, Android holds 49% of the total market share which shows that there are around 180 million Android smartphones in the market.
Java Programming Language: Android Development lives with and dies without Java. It’s surely not a tough programming language to learn if you know some coding basics.
XML: Xml is used for declare UI elements in android apps. Also, it has been widely used with other programming languages too. Knowing XML can make your job a lot easier here.
Development Environment: This is where app development tools comes into play. Eclipse is one such tool which is widely used by android app developers and also recommended by top Android development companies. You will also need to setup Android SDK before you start coding. The best part here is that you can find a single package easily online that includes everything you need for android development.
However, it is deploying a runtime permission model being neatly integrated with Android Marshmallow, Automatic security updates greatly help in increasing the total app’s security and make the interaction safer and easier.
Over the years, many changes have come up for Google’s Android, thereby evolving from a simple smartphone Operating System to powering a range of other devices. Keeping this in consideration, a series of refinements have come up in the domain of Android app development. Thus, for businesses willing to expand their reach in the Android market, getting in touch with expert app developers can greatly help them to stand ahead of their competitors and updated as well. | 2019-04-22T10:54:35Z | http://dennyfar78.world.edu/category/apps-software/ |
Use this page to help you find a church near you; if no one exists the consider starting a scriptural work in your community.
"To Which Church Should I Go?"
This is a long article – please don’t try to read it all at once. Take your time and go through it when you have time to think it through. It could be a major life-changing experience. Read the scriptures referenced and meditate upon them. Click on the links for further information. And please, ask us questions.
What Does the New Testament Teach on This Subject?
How Does a Local Church Get Organized?
1. If I obey all of the commands of Jesus to be saved, why should I need to meet with a local church?
2. Why are you constantly referencing the book of Acts?
3. What is the best way to go about restoring the first century church?
4. What should I be looking for in a local church?
5. Is there some typical descriptor for churches that are attempting to restore New Testament Christianity?
6. Who can help me in this regard?
7. Why can't you just give a name?
We often hear the question "What church do you recommend" from those who have gone through this web site and generally agree that the articles are consistent with what the bible teaches. In addition, they know Hebrews 10:25: “not forsaking our own assembling together, as the custom of some is, but exhorting (one another); and so much the more, as ye see the day drawing nigh," This teaches that Christians have a responsibility to associate with each other on a regular basis.
This is a good question, and I am sure that the answer that you would get from many would be the name of a denomination. Or perhaps you would be told that it really does not matter – just go to the church of your choice. Either of these responses would be erroneous, and following the teachings of these various religious institutions could cost you your soul. Doctrine and practice do matter. Choosing the people who you are going to be in fellowship with spiritually is one of the most important decisions you will make in your life – it is Satan’s goal to trivialize it!
For one thing, local churches discussed in the New Testament did not have denominational names because there were no denominations in the first century, and there is no good reason that there should be denominations now. If God did not name the church, why do men think that they should? God’s people had descriptions – church of God, church of Christ, church of the first born, family of God, kingdom of God, sometimes just “church” – these are just a few of over a dozen descriptors, but they all point to the exact same church, because there was only one. If you are interested in names and descriptors, we urge you to read Name for God's People, which is quite detailed in this regard.
So, as we study the book of Acts we find that there was only one church, the “called out” that Jesus built (Matthew 16:18). The Greek words that are translated as church in our bibles are from the Greek words that literally mean “called out.” As the years went by, there were a large number of local churches that were created by the evangelical efforts of the apostles and the scattered Christians (Acts 8), but these all recognized each other as being comparable religious groups. Each of these had their own elders who provided the leadership over them (Acts 14:23). There is no evidence of any organization about the local level -- it was totally unnecessary then since the apostles doctrine was sufficient. This has be adequately documented for us in the sacred writings of the New Testament today, and therefore there is still no reason for organization above the local churches. Such organizations are not authorized, and the feeble efforts made by some to attempt to justify them using scripture should speak for itself. Click here for more information on the use of the same word "church" to apply to local churches as well as the one universal collection of all saints everywhere and for all times.
The creation of a super organizations to pull local churches together has very dire consequences in terms of polluting the doctrine that is taught. Please consider thoughtfully the question: "if that super organization is not in God’s word, then why should there be any insistence in only following the dictates of the New Testament?" How much effort is spend in justifying a non-scriptural entity instead of concentrating on what the New Testament teaches that the Lord’s church should be? And, when the super organization goes wrong in its teachings, it drags down with it all of the local churches attached to it. Historically we have seen this go to seed in the corruption within the Roman Catholic church over the centuries.
God’s plan is infinitely wise, but many people today believe that independently organized local churches cannot even function. But they do! The plain truth is that when Christians in a locality band together and resolve that they are only going to use the bible for all of their teaching, they come to the same general conclusions, and their practices are quite similar. This consistency in practice is ample evidence that the bible alone is sufficient to guide, not only the individual, but each and every local church unto every good work (2 Tim. 3:16-17).
In the book of Acts we find conversions always preceded the creation of a local church. Corinth is a good example (Acts 18). There was no concept of a church coming into an area, building a building, and signing up members; or any other such process. There was no church at Corinth when a single Christian (Paul) came to this city. People were taught the truth first, they obeyed the truth, and then they banded themselves together with others locally of the same faith, and that created the local church at Corinth. If someone was converted after a church had been organized in that local area, the convert would associate with those who were already practicing Christians, and they become part of that local church. Churches met in a variety of places -- homes, upper rooms, a borrowed facility at a school (Acts 19:9), and (shortly after Pentecost) in the temple complex at Jerusalem (Acts 2:46), where their presence was tolerated for a short time. Today the particular shelter is not important – we can borrow, rent or buy -- whatever is the most expedient -- to facilitate the worship and the work of the church.
The same concept should apply today, but there are many denominations claiming to be parts of the church that Jesus built. We urge anyone reading this to seek out and find a church that mirrors the local churches that we read about in the New Testament. You can learn about them in the book of Acts, because these local churches were not formed until after the first converts were baptized (recorded in Acts 2). These local churches were not denominations. While the word was being delivered and the New Testament was being written they were guided by the apostles and the first century prophets who became such by the laying on of the apostles hands (Acts 8:18). Today we have these words written for us in the New Testament (Ephesians 3:1-4).
Churches that are attempting to restore the first century church will be totally independent from each other organizationally. They may have spiritual ties and communicate with each other in various ways, but there is no concept of a "mother church" or any guiding super organization or hierarchy. This it what is meant by a truly non-denominational church. It has its own (and only) leadership locally, and the bible provides all of the guidance as far as its worship and work is concerned. It needs no higher rule and rejects any attempts from others to subjugate it. It is sufficient. Jesus said, as recorded in Matthew 18:20 "For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them.” But the scriptural model will not work unless the bible is the only source of doctrine, and that principle is respected by all of the members. The local leadership cannot make it up as they go along, and they should insist that all members recognize their responsibilities in assuring that all teachings are totally 100% Bible.
In discussing this with many people who have been affiliated with denominations all of their lives, we have found that they honestly believe that such is impossible. We are not going to try to prove that is is here -- the book of Acts does an adequate job of that. And you can determine this for yourself. If you are searching for such a church and you find it, that will be sufficient proof that it can be done. Those who are serving God within such churches certainly do not need proof; they are the proof. It can be done, and it is being done by thousands of local churches throughout the world. The fact that their worship and work is so similar despite there being no overarching organization is sufficient proof that the bible is totally adequate to provide all that they need to direct their worship and their work.
Please click this line if you cannot find a church near you and you are ready to begin a new local work.
Because these churches are independent, it is impossible to create a list of sound churches. If a group of men took it upon themselves to mandate which local church is acceptable and which is not, then they would become the central authority for the churches under their mandate, and the churches would no longer be independent. This is why we are in no position to dictate a church; we may make recommendations, but even these are given to you with qualifiers – it is essential for YOU to seek out and find God’s local church for yourself. It will not be that difficult. For sure, you will not have to go around and visit every denomination as many feel is their duty.
It should be clear from reading 1 Corinthians and the book of Revelation that it is quite possible, and highly probable, that some churches that once were sound are no longer so. There is always this tendency to want a king and for some to have more power than the local organization of the church will allow. Thus, many churches drift toward denominationalism, and ultimately they become denominations (e.g., the Christian Church and the Disciples of Christ are denominations that evolved from independently and scripturally-organized local churches).
On the other hand, a group that may have had major defects in their adherence to God's word can certainly put those errors away and may today be a sound church. This was the goal of the writing of Paul to the Corinthians and John to the seven churches of Asia, so obviously it is possible to reverse what seems to be the natural trend of worldliness in most churches today. However, we would warn you -- it has been our experience that the power structure in most local churches is to maintain the status quo, and if you are caught in a situation where you have tried to make a change and it has been rejected, the edict or Paul to those who were in false religious organizations certainly applies, 2 Corinthians 6:17-18: "Wherefore Come ye out from among them, and be ye separate, saith the Lord, And touch no unclean thing; And I will receive you, And will be to you a Father, And ye shall be to me sons and daughters, saith the Lord Almighty."
We dare not create a list, nor can we assert that any given church is sound. Further, we dare not create a list of characteristics that a church must meet -- doing so would be creating a creed. If that creed is any less than the bible, it is not enough; if any more, it would be too much.
Thus, the responsibility is on the part of the new convert to find a church that s/he can worship and work with in good conscience. We urge you to look around and evaluate the various alternatives in your area so that you can fulfill your responsibilities to your fellow Christians, and provide them with your spiritual support (fellowship and communion) as you are obtaining support from them. The criteria given below will narrow the field quickly, so it will not take a lot of “visiting around." Obviously, one of the first things to look for is whether or not they are teaching God's plan of Salvation, i.e., the conditions of salvation given by Jesus.
The most critical aspect of a local church responds to this question: "Are they attempting to do their best to do all things according to the New Testament?" Surely a group that says "we do many things that are not authorized by the New Testament" is freely admitting to you that they are not even attempting to center their practices on God’s word. If they are not open to your questions, or if they trivialize the need for biblical authority, then they are not what you are looking for. Move on.
Those who are serving God according to His word will have no fear and absolutely no resentment when you ask them to give you the scripture for all that they practice. Just pick something that looks different and ask them about it. It will “make their day.” They will get excited to see someone who cares enough to ask such questions. They will be glad to tell you why they do things because they KNOW why they do the things that they do. Since they are locally organized, no one is dictating to them what the bible says they must do. They have already taken the bible and resolved to the best of their abilities what the worship and work of the local church is. This is probably your greatest indication that you are hot on the trail to a sound group.
Look for the characteristic given in Hebrews 8:11: “And they shall not teach every man his fellow-citizen, And every man his brother, saying, Know the Lord: For all shall know me, From the least to the greatest of them.” If it is a scriptural work, all of the leaders (at least) will know what the bible teaches on the plan of salvation, godliness and morality, and the worship and the work of the church. Of course, they will not be perfect – no man is, and therefore, no church is. But you will see the difference in their knowledge of God’s word and their hunger and thirst after righteousness in feeding from God’s word. The major difference is in the respect they show for it.
The links below provide addresses to various churches that the web site owners believe are trying to do all the bible teaches and only what the bible teaches. For the reasons given above, we cannot totally vouch for them, but we do believe that they are an excellent starting point in your search. The responsibility to find a group that you can work and worship with in conscience is yours. We make no pretense at being able to do any better than you can. Think about it: would it be right for us to do that for you? It would be a fearful thing for us if we did such a thing. This is your responsibility since it is impossible for us to know the hearts of the people in all local churches. But for sure a minimum qualification is that at least they are professing to be totally bible based.
You have the New Testament, and hopefully you live in a country where you can affiliate yourself with those of like precious faith. We urge you to put your knowledge of God's word to work, and do your best to find a sound group of people who are indeed "called out" by the Lord Jesus Christ Himself. In this regard, remember that Hebrews 10:25 urges you to "not forsake the assembling of yourselves together."
We give several web sites that are providing this service to further emphasize that there is no central authority over local churches other than Jesus Christ Himself. None of the people behind these web sites would dare to state that they have the authority to determine which of the groups the list is recognized by the Lord and which is not (see Revelation 2 and 3). These are just web sites like BibleThought.net.
Generally, these web sites say the same things that we said above with regard to vouching for the soundness of any given church. They are not taking it upon themselves to create a denomination – they realize how sinful such a thing would be and they avoid it at every turn. Nevertheless, they are providing a service just as one Christian would to another in making such a recommendation.
Do we have to say: “don’t be worldly in selecting a church?” Surely you know that the size and architecture of the building, or if the group has a building at all, has nothing to do with their ability to help you get to heaven. It may not have a full-time or paid preacher. This makes it no less a church that is pleasing to the Lord. Satan is using his worldly influence to make certain churches “the place to be” with “the in people.” If you are going to get caught up in that type of thing, the love of Christ and the truth will quickly get left behind. This is not to say that there is anything wrong with a nice meeting place or a paid, full-time preacher – but it is the responsibility of the members of a local church to be able to show you how you can better serve the Lord by having fellowship with them. Serving the Lord is of primary importance as you endeavor to work with your fellow Christians in glorifying God. Their job is to help you get to heaven, and your job is to help them.
While this last sentence is referring to all of the teachings in the chapter, the fact that it is placed right after the command to meet and work together is telling. However, we should not need such threatening language to motivate us to want to meet together “to provoke [each other] unto love and good works.” We should see from Acts 2 and throughout the book of Acts and the epistles that a major part of the way early Christians worshiped and worked was through their local churches. It is important that we seek out and find fellow Christians with whom we can work, worship and pray. Clearly, this is part of God’s plan.
Acts 2 is a major turning point in the New Testament. The gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke and John) present the life of Christ to shortly before his birth to shortly after his crucifixion. The church was not organized at that point. Jesus had to totally fulfill Old Testament law (specifically the Law of Moses) for us so that it could be set aside (Galatians 3). There were no local churches when Jesus was on this earth. The Jewish counterpart for the church was the synagogue. Read Acts 2 and learn about the first Christians being baptized and added to the church. We know for certain that the practices of those churches were under the direction of the apostles who were directly inspired by the Holy Spirit. Thus, when we do what they did, we can be sure that we are in harmony with God.
The major goal of Bible-based churches is the restoration of the church that existed in the first century under the direct guidance of the Holy Spirit. Of course, if it is necessary, it is essential that we first restore ourselves as individual Christians seeking the purity of God’s word to guide our lives. But once this take place, it is equally as important that each of us works to restore the local church, since it is the local church that provides the means today by which Christians can worship and work together to carry out the great commission (Matthew 28:18-20). When we restore a local church to the work, worship and organization as it was in the first century, we are restoring what the Holy Spirit gave to them directly, and to us through the holy scriptures (2 Tim. 3:16-17). Because of the independent nature of local churches, they can only be restored one church at a time, and this must be done by the faithfulness of the Christians who live in that area. It is our individual responsibility to have a part in that work.
The good news is that there are more resources at the fingertips of faithful Christians to provide assistance in this regard than ever before. The bad news is that in many countries that have religious freedom, such as the United States, there are many counterfeit organizations claiming to be the true church of our Lord Jesus Christ.
1. Learn God's plan of salvation and be sure that you obey every part of it.
2. Learn about the worship and the work of the local church. You have to know what your a looking for.
3. Find a local church that teaches and practices these things.
4. If one does not exist find others who believe the same way you do and start a new work with them.
Remember, it is not the fact that you are a member of a particular group that saves you; when you obey the truth you are added to the Lord's church (in the universal sense) -- so it is just the opposite from that which is commonly believed. Getting added to the church roles does not save; obeying the truth saves and simultaneously adds you to the Lord's church. But it is still your responsibility to find a local church that you can work with.
Certainly you would not want to align yourself to any group that does not at least make the claim of being 100% Bible and Bible only – and this will eliminate many groups per se. For example, if they in any way denigrate the authority of the bible, or indicate that it is not necessary or sufficient, you would do well to look elsewhere. Clues here include their asking: (1) “How do we know the bible is complete?” (2) “Is there not truth in all religions?” (3) How do you account for all of the variations in translations? (4) “Don't you do lots of things that the bible does not authorize?” These and other similar questions are answered on this site; we list them here as examples that provide a big warning light that says: this group is not interested in serving God in total purity according to the way that He has specified in the New Testament!
We need to be extremely careful in answering this question, and warn you to be wary of those who would jump all over it with a quick and definitive answer. We are often asked what our “religious affiliation” is, and this is a difficult question to answer because of the mistaken terminology and ideas of the ones who ask. Most simply put: we are Christians trying to serve God the best that we can according to His revealed word. This response requires an understanding of just what “His revealed word” teaches, and attaining that understanding is an effort that few are willing to put forth. So they prefer a silver bullet in the form of a simple name.
This quest for a name reveals a denominational mindset that makes it virtually impossible for them to conceive of local churches faithful to God just springing up spontaneously based on obedience to His word. They believe that there has to be some central organizational (denominational) force among these local churches, and that this organization must have a name. Look up the word denominate in the dictionary and you will see that one of its foremost meanings is “to assign a name to ...” usually to something that is a part of a larger entity.
We are not hesitant to say that most local churches that we have found to be faithful to the Lord refer to themselves as being a local “church of Christ.” We hastily add that we know of many local churches using this designation that are not faithful to the Lord. And, the New Testament does not state that “church of Christ” is to be used as a name. There is no unique name for the Lord's church, the one that Jesus said would be "My church" (Matthew 16:18). However, "church of Christ: is one among many legitimate descriptions of a local church that is doing all in its power to serve the Lord. This is one of many such descriptors. The difference between a name and a descriptor is that names most often lose their descriptive meaning. My name, David, means beloved. Does anyone know that? Does anyone care? The name works quite well in identifying me separate and apart from its original meaning. At this point in time the name is used to refer to, not to describe me as being beloved. And so it is with names of both people and institutions -- they assume a life of their own independent of their original meanings.
Perhaps this is the reason that the Holy Spirit saw fit to give a name to individual followers of Jesus -- that name being Christian (Acts 11:26; 26:28; 1 Pet. 4:16); but He did not assign any name to the the Lord's church. “Church of Christ” should be a descriptor; if it has become a name it has done that without scriptural authority. It is interesting that the descriptor “church of Christ” does not appear in the New Testament in the singular form. In the plural form it is used by Paul in Rom 16:16: “Salute one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ salute you.” There was no way that the universal church could salute them -- it has no office on this earth -- it is ruled by a king and that king is sitting at the right hand of God. In Rom. 16:16 it is plural, indicating that Paul was talking about a number of local churches. We would do well to discipline ourselves to maintain this practice, which is totally consistent with scripture. See the article on the local and universal church.
To summarize “church of Christ” should not be regarded as a name because it is not called a name or used as a name in the New Testament. It is a scriptural descriptor rather than a name, because it is given along with the many other comparable descriptors given in the New Testament. But, since most sound congregations use this term to identify themselves, this is an excellent starting point. We certainly would not encourage groups to avoid this descriptor just for the sake of being different.
Remember, a scriptural descriptor does not guarantee that any particular group so designated is sound. However, an unscriptural descriptor is your first red flag – ask: why do you call yourself this? and where is that descriptor (or name) in the bible?
It is impossible for anyone to investigate all local churches making the claim to be “of Christ” (or, “of God,” or any other scriptural descriptor) to see which ones are faithful to the Lord and which ones are not. It is the responsibility of every member of each of these churches to make sure that the church that they work and worship with remains faithful to the Lord, and to give answers when questioned by you or anyone might else (1 Peter 3:15). In some cases only the members of the local church can know, e.g., whether or not their contributions are being used for scripturally authorized purposes. Your responsibility in identifying with a sound church is very similar to their responsibility … so when you question the members of a group, that should immediately create a common bond, because they too are supposed to be questioning every teaching and practice of their local church. | 2019-04-19T13:16:44Z | https://www.biblethought.net/finding-a-church.html |
Our School Community is committed to making our school a safe and caring environment for all students. We will treat each other with respect and refuse to tolerate bullying of any kind.
Definition: Bullying is unfair and one-sided. Bullying behavior happens when someone keeps hurting, harassing, intimidating, threatening, or causing substantial emotional distress to a person. Cyberbullying is the use of electronic communication media (cell phones, text messages, instant messaging, social networks, etc.) to bully another student in the ways described above. Bullying and cyberbullying interfere with a student’s educational opportunities and can substantially disrupt the orderly operations of the school.
Intervention, Warning, and Redirection: A teacher, principal, or staff member will ensure that the immediate behavior stops and reinforce to the student who is doing the bullying that bullying will not be tolerated. During this meeting with the student, the staff member will redirect the student and come up with a plan for success should they find themselves in a similar situation in the future.
Notification of Parents: School staff will notify the parents of involved students. The parents might be asked to meet with the principal or other members of the school staff, including the student’s teacher and/or the school guidance counselor.
Resolution with the Target of the Bullying: The student who is bullying may be required to write a letter of apology to the student who was bullied. Depending upon the nature of the incident, the students involved may meet to help resolve the problem and ensure it does not happen again.
Referral to School Support Staff: The student who is bullying may meet with the school psychologist or guidance counselor to help prevent future violations.
Consequences: The student who is bullying may be assigned detention and/or lose school privileges (i.e., serving on the student council, school newspaper, school performances, yearbook, etc). In cases of serious or repeated bullying, the student may be subject to suspension and/or expulsion. If serious circumstances warrant, law enforcement may also be contacted.
CAASPP: California Assessment of Student Performance and Progress is administered in the spring to all students in grades 3-6. These tests measure how well students are achieving California standards for all subject tests - English/Language Arts and mathematics are tested in grades 2-6 and fifth grade students are also tested in Science. Individual student achievement results are mailed home to parents.
MAP: The MAP test (Measures of Academic Progress) is a computer program that measures and reports student growth in Reading and Math over months and years. A MAP assessment is administered three times each year and informs the instructional decisions of teachers.
OTIS LENNON: The Otis Lennon test is a scholastic aptitude test that is administered to all third graders.
Regular Attendance is important for students to be successful learners. When a student is absent, they miss out on the sequence of instruction and must spend extra time catching up with their classmates upon returning to school. In addition, Ed. Code 48200 requires all children ages 6 to 18 to be enrolled in a full-time education program. Absences are monitored closely. Please call the absence hotline, (858) 794-4451 (available 24 hours a day) when your child will be absent.
Checking In and Out: Students must be checked in and out through the school office when coming in late or leaving early. Students may ONLY be released to those persons designated on their emergency cards. We are unable to make any exceptions. Parents must insure they have listed the names of any individual who may pick up their child on the student's emergency card.
Tardies for students grade K through 6: Students are required to attend school and classes on time each day. Punctuality is a measure of responsibility and the Governing Board of Solana Beach School District deems it important that all students learn the value of being punctual.
Students tardy to school must sign in at the school office before going to their class. Students are considered to be tardy if they are not in their seat prepared to work when the bell rings for school to begin.
Justification for tardiness is very limited. Tardies will be excused only for health reasons, family emergencies and justifiable personal reasons, as permitted by law, Board Policy and Administrative Regulation 5113, and Education Code 48205. Class participation is an integral part of students’ learning experiences. Parents/guardians and students are strongly encouraged to schedule medical appointments during non-school hours.
Tardies will accumulate during the school year. For each tardy that occurs within a school year, the following consequence(s) will apply.
School Attendance Review Board (SARB): Attendance and tardies are monitored closely throughout the school year. Truancy letters are sent out to students each time they receive three unexcused absences or three tardies. After nine unexcused absences or nine tardies, a referral may be made to the county Student Attendance Review Board (SARB). SARB is composed of educators and county officials who will review the student's attendance history, interview the parents and student, and make various recommendations to which the parents and student must adhere. If these recommendations are not followed and the student continues to accrue unexcused absences and tardies, SARB can turn the case over to the district attorney's office for legal action. Students may also be referred to SARB for chronic discipline problems.
Prompt Afterschool Pickup: Staff supervision ends at 3:00 pm. Students not picked up by 3:00 pm will be directed to a classroom for supervision. Students will sign their name on a clipboard when they arrive and parents will be required to sign the children out when they are picked up . Repetitive late pick-ups will be reported to the principal. A letter may be sent home reminding you that prompt pick-up is important to ensure your child's safety.
Medical Appointments: We urge parents to schedule medical and dental appointments so they do not conflict with class time. If a student needs to be checked out of class, parents must come to the office to sign them out (and back in when they return). We will call the classroom to have your child come to the office.
Back to School Night is scheduled during the first 2 weeks of school and parents are encouraged to attend this special event. The purpose of the evening is to give teachers an opportunity to share with parents the curriculum, class expectations, and learning opportunities available for each child. This night is for parents only, so parents will need to make child care arrangements. Discussion is intended to be general. Conferences for individual concerns should be scheduled for a later time.
Open House is scheduled in the spring. This is an opportunity for students to share with their parents some of the projects and other classroom activities they have worked on throughout the year.
Students are not permitted to be on campus before 8:10 a.m. unless they are enrolled in a before school intervention or enrichment class. After 8:10 a.m. students are to go to the black top area of the playground until the bell rings at 8:30 a.m. Kindergarten students stay on the Kindergarten Playground.
Riders must be in grades 3 - 6.
Bicycles/skateboards are to be walked on school premises. Riding skateboards and scooters on campus is strictly prohibited (both during and after school hours).
Sidewalks must be used in the parking lot areas - no riding in the parking lot.
Bicycles/skateboards must be parked in bike racks and locked.
Only one person per bike/skateboard.
Bicycle/skateboard riders must obey the same rules that apply to cars when using the street.
Any personal portable devices (e.g. cell phones, smart watches, tablets, etc.), except for assistive technology to support medical conditions, may not be used during school hours. They should be turned off and remain in the student’s backpack. If students need to call a parent during school hours, they may ask to use a school phone. The school phone should not be used to schedule after-school play dates as these types of arrangements should be scheduled outside of the school day.
If you have a change of address or phone number, please let the office know so that they can maintain accurate, up-to-date information. If you are moving out of the area, notify the office and we will issue a transfer slip to present to your new school. If reasonable amount of notice is given, a curriculum form will be given to teachers to complete to assist the next teacher.
When we assign students to classes for the next school year, we endeavor to meet the needs of the individual child and develop classes whose balance and dynamics contribute to a positive learning environment. To achieve well-balanced classes, we consider academic ability; to help maintain positive class dynamics, we consider which pupils should and should not be placed together. "Sending" and "Receiving" teachers will consider the benefits of possible assignments to each student, as well as the contributions each student and various groupings of students can bring to the dynamics and balance of each class.
The Solana Beach Board of Trustees has established a "closed campus" at Solana Santa Fe in the interest of student safety and supervision. Once students arrive on the school grounds, they must remain on campus until the end of the school day. Students who need to leave school before the end of the day need to be checked out in the school office.
For the safety of the students at Solana Santa Fe, we ask that ALL parents sign in at the office when on campus for volunteering purposes.
Teachers will inform parents on Back-to-School Night how they would like to communicate between home and school.
Solana Santa Fe is making every effort to reduce the volume of paper usage by providing the Weekly Communication documents electronically every Wednesday. You can find the flyers and other weekly information in the Weekly Communication link of this website.
To receive a reminder and other school communication via email, please take a moment to sign up for the school listserv at: After subscribing, you will receive a confirming email, please follow the confirmation process. Thank you for helping us to use technology to enhance communication and contributing to our commitment to environmental awareness.
For your convenience, we have provided a message line (858) 794-4751 to report absences and leave messages for teachers. The messages are picked up every school day between 9:00 and 10:30 am. PLEASE CALL EACH DAY YOUR CHILD IS ABSENT.
Student Messages: Parents are requested to call students only in emergencies. Items and messages brought to school for students during school hours are to be brought to the office. Messages will then be delivered to the classroom as soon as possible. Please do not deliver them to the classroom, as this interferes with the continuity of the learning process.
Students have access to computers in their classroom, the media center, and the computer lab. Before students use the computer, student and parent must sign a contract. The contract states: Improper use of the computer will result in the cancellation of the student's access privileges and revocation of permission to use the computer, as well as disciplinary action by school officials. The contract also gives or takes away the right for the student to log on to the Internet.
The goal of our plan is to maintain a positive environment where students and staff enjoy school and everyone is treated with respect. Our expectations for student behavior are based on the 7 Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen Cover, because we strive to inspire greatness in all of our students.
Habit 1 - Be Proactive - You're in Charge - I am a responsible person. I take initiative. I choose my actions, attitudes and moods. I do not blame others for my wrong actions. I do the right thing without being asked, even when no one is looking.
Habit 2 - Begin with the End in Mind - Have a Plan - I plan ahead and set goals. I do things that have meaning and make a difference. I am an important part of my classroom and contribute to my school's mission and vision. I look for ways to be a good citizen.
Habit 3 - Put First Things First - Work First, Then Play - I spend my time on things that are most important. This means I say no to things I know I should not do. I set priorities, make a schedule, and follow my plan. I am disciplined and organized.
Habit 4 - Think Win-Win - Everyone Can Win - I balance courage for getting what I want with consideration for what others want. I make deposits in others' Emotional Bank Accounts. When conflicts arise, I look for third alternatives.
Habit 5 - Seek First to Understand, Then to Be Understood - Listen Before You Talk - I listen to other people's ideas and feelings. I try to see things from their viewpoints. I listen to others without interrupting. I am confident in voicing my ideas. I look people in the eyes when talking.
Habit 6 - Synergize - Together is Better - I value other people's strengths and learn from them. I get along well with others, even people who are different than me. I work well in groups. I seek out other people's ideas to solve problems because I know that by teaming with others we can create better solutions than anyone of us can alone. I am humble.
Habit 7 - Sharpen the Saw - Balance Feels Best - I take care of my body by eating right, exercising and getting sleep. I spend time with family and friends. I learn in lots of ways and lots of places, not just at school. I find meaningful ways to help others.
Individual students will recognized at monthly assemblies for working hard to improve themselves and for demonstrating any or all of these seven habits.
The school-wide behavior expectations as well as classroom behavior expectations will be shared with students during the first week of school and reviewed throughout the year.
Service dogs are permitted, but otherwise we do not allow dogs on campus.
The purpose of a school-wide DRESS CODE is to establish a school environment that maintains a productive academic atmosphere which supports students’ learning and ensures student safety. These standards are consistent with those established by California Education Code and the Solana Beach School District. Please take the time to review this policy with your children.
As part of our efforts to manage the Dress Code, it is a priority that school staff use discretion and address concerns privately with students with a focus on maintaining the dignity of each child. Parents will be communicated with before concerns are addressed with students and disruption to a child’s school day will be kept at a minimum.
Please know how very much your support and cooperation with our school dress code policy is valued. The positive message that school is a place to work and learn is reinforced when our students come to school dressed appropriately. Thank you for reviewing this policy with your child and helping us to reinforce appropriate school attire.
Emergency procedures are in place to insure the safety of the students during various emergency situations: earthquake, evacuation, bomb threats or intruder on campus. During an emergency, children will be dismissed by the Superintendent to go home only if there is time to return students safely to their homes, and parents can be notified. If a student's parents cannot be contacted and/or the parent is unable to pick up their child, the school will maintain responsibility for the student until the parent or authorized individual can pick up the student. At no time will a student be excused except to the care of a parent or other adult designated on the emergency card.
If evacuation of the school is necessary, students will be transported to a predetermined location. Parents will be advised of the evacuation site by radio announcements and/or information posted at the school site. Evacuation of the school will not be attempted unless there is no alternative.
In the event of an emergency, school personnel need to be involved in caring for the students, and telephone lines need to be kept open for communications with proper authorities. As a result, we ask that you call the message hot line, (858) 794-4451, which will be updated with specific information and instructions for parents.
The fire alarm sounds. The teacher walks the students to their designated area a safe distance from the building. The teacher then takes attendance and waits for further instructions from the principal.
The teacher has students "Drop and Cover" which is getting to their knees away from dangerous windows or other areas covering their heads. They get under tables, desks, or other sturdy furniture. They remain in this position until the office indicates it is time to evacuate or for the drill to end. If an evacuation is called, all classes walk outside the building to the backfield. Everyone meets at the assembly area where there are supply sheds and emergency equipment in case of an actual emergency.
This drill is in case of an intruder, stray dog, or any other threat on campus. The principal announces the situation on the intercom and rings the bell if students are outside. Teachers lock the doors and close windows. The students move together to a safe spot in the classroom. Teachers take attendance and remain with students. The class waits for further instructions.
Every Friday at 8:30 a.m. (weather permitting), all classes remain on the blacktop for a short assembly. The principal makes announcements, gives awards, recognizes students, etc. Classes recite the Pledge of Allegiance and sing a song together. Parents are always invited to stay for our weekly assemblies.
Fever, diarrhea, vomiting within the last 24 hours. Children need to be symptom free for 24 hours before returning to school.
Thick mucous or pus draining from eyes.
Sore throat, especially if combined with fever or swollen neck glands.
Rashes with fever or rashes of unknown origin.
Upper respiratory infection and/or severe cold, especially if accompanied with green or yellow nasal discharge and/or ear pain. Coughs spread germs, and a cough that keeps a child up at night means they will be too tired to learn the next day.
Unusual fatigue, paleness, loss of appetite, confusion and irritability.
The California School Immunization law requires that all children entering school receive proper immunizations to protect them from serious illness and to prevent the spread of communicable diseases: polio, measles, rubella, mumps, hepatitis B, varicella (chickenpox), diphtheria, tetanus, haemophilus influenza type b (Hib meningitis), and whooping cough.
If your child is required to take daily or occasional medication during school hours, state law requires a parent/guardian MUST complete a medical form signed by the doctor before the medication can be administered. ALL medication must be stored in the health office. Children should not have medication with them at any time - please do not put medication in your child's backpack. The nurse will be on duty to administer first aid and medications.
This is to inform you that the Solana Beach School District does not provide student and athletic accident insurance coverage for students, however, it does make available several insurance coverage plans through Student Insurance, an independent insurance company. The Solana Beach School District takes appropriate steps to protect your child from injury; however, accidents can and do occur, even in safe environments.
In accordance with Education Code Section 49472, the Solana Beach School District has made available for purchase, voluntary student and athletic accident insurance through the Student Insurance Company. The insurance program offered is optional and complies with the State Education Code. The Student Accident Insurance may be purchased for school-time, 24-hour, and dental coverage. Although you may already have medical insurance for your family, the purchase of this additional coverage could assist you by paying deductibles and balances left after your primary carrier has paid.
To enroll in the insurance program, please have your student pick up an enrollment brochure and application from the school office. (If you would prefer, you may download a brochure and application at www.studentinsuranceusa.com. ) Complete the application and return with your premium to Student Insurance in the envelope provided. All premium checks/money orders should be payable to Student Insurance. Please do not send cash! Please retain the brochure attached to the application for your records.
If you have any questions, please call Student Insurance directly for assistance with this program. They may be reached at 1-800-367-5830.
The purpose of homework is to strengthen academic skills, reinforce concepts taught by teachers, develop student responsibility and accountability, and promote parent awareness. Positive results of homework include better retention of factual knowledge, increased understanding of material, improve critical thinking, concept formation and information processing skills, as well as enrichment of the core curriculum. Our gal is to create assignments that promote one or more of these outcomes. We recognize that homework is not the only circumstance under which after-school learning takes place. Many leisure-time activities teach important academic and life skills. We believe in the importance of balancing leisure, learning and family time.
The amount of homework assigned shall be related to the maturity and ability level of the students in a given class. The following chart suggests these homework schedules as guides for students. These schedules can be used as guidelines for parents and teachers in monitoring student time devoted to homework.
Be advised that students on occasion may spend more than one hour and/or more than four days a week completing schoolwork, as time at home may be spent doing assigned homework, long-term projects, and completing unfinished classroom assignments. Students have varying abilities to use class time efficiently, and the amount of time spent on homework varies from one child to another.
It is the responsibility of the student to record and understand the homework assignment, complete it, and return it to school on the required day.
It is the responsibility of the parent to set a specific time and place for doing homework and to monitor the student’s homework. Parents who have concerns about homework should contact their child’s teacher. Parents should provide guidance to students, not answers.
Requests for homework should be called in on the Absence Line (858-794-4751) before 10:00 a.m., and can be picked up between 3:00 and 4:00 p.m. that day.
Found items are kept on the coat rack by the FAB; small or valuable items are kept in a drawer in the school office. After a period of time, items are donated to charity, so please encourage your children to check the lost and found periodically. We make every effort to return items if names are on them so be sure to label all personal belongings.
The Solana Beach School District takes part in the National Lunch Program. Meals are served every school day. Students may buy lunch for $3.75. A student lunch includes an entrée, choice of 1% low-fat milk or fat free chocolate milk, 100% fruit juice and assortment of fresh and canned fruits and vegetables from our salad bar. In order to receive a free or reduced lunch, parents must complete an application (available in the school office) on a yearly basis. Parents can pay for lunch online through Nutri-Kids.com.
Parents are encouraged to prepay for their children's lunches. Prepaid students will be issued an electronic card which keeps track of the balance in the student's lunch account. When a student's account drops below a predetermined amount, the student will be given a note to take home and/or the parent will receive an email from Food Service. We cannot guarantee that all students will be assured their lunch selections o the menu. When in doubt, pack your child's lunch.
Lunch Rules: Eat first; Clean up your area; Talk quietly; Be polite and remember your manners; Raise your hand to use the restroom and get a drink.
Children are asked not to bring pets from home. In special cases, pets may be brought only with the prior permission of the teacher and should be in a cage or under some other form of restraint.
California Education Code 51210(g) requires that students in grades 1 through 6 receive not less than 200 minutes of physical education every 10 school days, excluding lunch and recess. Teachers in Solana Beach School District post schedules for P.E. in their classrooms. The schedules are also available in the school’s office.
The parking lot is a NO CELL PHONE ZONE!
Enter the parking lot and follow the single-file lane along the side parking lot.
Continue moving forward to the FRONT of the school and pull as far forward as you can.
Children exit/enter the car FROM THE CURB SIDE ONLY. Please adhere to signs that indicate where the pick-up/drop-off zone begins.
You must stay in your car at all times. Do not park and leave your car in any red zones.
The parking lot exit is a RIGHT TURN ONLY. This is much safer and helps the traffic flow immensely.
Remember that it is extremely dangerous to cross El Apajo. If you need to park and walk your child to school – always use the crosswalk.
Pick up is from 2:38 – 3:00 pm. The traffic is VERY congested at 2:38 pm! So arrive early (2:15 pm) or preferably, arrive after 2:45 pm. The traffic flow is much better at this time and it is easier to access the parking lot.
We will supervise the children until 3:00 pm.
Be careful, cooperative and patient! Watch out for kids and other vehicles.
FOR SAFETY REASONS, the “left over” children will be escorted to a supervised classroom to wait for their parents. If you arrive after 3:00 pm and the children are not waiting out front, you will need to get out of your car, check in at the office and then go to the supervised classroom where your child will be waiting. We are sorry for the inconvenience, but we have no other way to supervise the students after 3:00 pm, and waiting in the lobby is not a safe option.
The pick up/drop off line is a NO CELL PHONE ZONE!
Pick up/drop off is only on the West side of Circa del Norte.
Pull up as far forward as possible.
Children need to exit/enter the car from the passenger side.
Parents then continue along in the pick up/drop off zone, merging onto Circa del Norte and exiting through Gate 1.
Please stay in your cars – congregating in groups adds to the congestion and creates a safety concern.
DO NOT make a U-turn on Circa del Norte prior to or after picking up or dropping off your child. This is extremely unsafe!!
The back gates are only open from 8:10 - 8:27 a.m. and from 2:38 – 2:55 p.m.. At all other times, you must access the school from El Apajo. Please note – the gate is not open when it’s raining.
Students are not allowed to wait at the horse stables.
The Solana Santa Fe Parent Teacher Organization (PTO) is an integral part of the school. the PTO is dedicated to supporting the children and community of Solana Santa Fe School. To reach these goals, our PTO members volunteer many hours and raise funds to support classrooms, encourage communication, and develop community spirit. PTO donations support our science, art, PE, media center, and computer specialists, as well as various enrichment and cultural projects throughout the year. Please refer to our PTO webpage for additional details and information.
Students are issued Report Cards three times a year. Report cards are reviewed with parents during the fall and spring parent-teacher conferences. A final report card is sent home with the students on the last day of school. The school will hold report cards if students have not paid for a lost book.
School photos are taken in the early fall and the finished photos come home in early December. Class group photos will be taken. Individual photos are optional. You will be notified beforehand of the various options for the purchase of prints. You are not required to purchase photographs.
In the 1970's, the State of California passed a law that set up the School Improvement Program (SIP), which enabled schools to receive supplemental funding from the state. The new law also required that schools establish School Site Councils (SSC) in order to receive and spend the extra funding provided by SIP (if and when any monies are made available by the State). Our Site Council is made up of five parents, five teachers/staff, and the principal. The Site Council assists in long-range planning and monitoring of the site strategic school plan and if funds are available, the overseeing of the expenditure of SIP funds. Meetings are held three to four times a year and are open to the public.
The Solana Beach School District prohibits unlawful sexual harassment of any student or employee by any other student or employee. Teachers shall discuss this policy with their students in age-appropriate ways and should assure them that they need not endure any form of sexual harassment. Any student who engages in sexual harassment of anyone in or from the District may be subject to disciplinary action up to and including expulsion. Any employee who permits or engages in sexual harassment of any student may be subject to disciplinary action up to and including dismissal. Students and staff shall immediately report incidents of sexual harassment to the principal/designee or to another District administrator. Any student who feels that he/she is being sexually harassed should immediately contact the principal/designee or another District administrator in order to obtain a copy of AR 1312.2 - Uniform Complaint Procedures. Complaints of sexual harassment can be filed in accordance with these procedures. The District prohibits retaliatory behavior against any complainant or any participant in the process. Each complaint of sexual harassment shall be promptly investigated in a way that respects the privacy of all parties concerned.
The Board of Education believes that reasonable use of surveillance cameras will help the District support its goals for campus security. Cameras are not placed in areas where students, staff, or community members have a reasonable expectation for privacy. The District’s audio capability on the surveillance equipment is disabled so sounds are not recorded.
Solana Santa Fe School and the Solana Beach School District is a tobacco-free site. Use of all tobacco products shall be prohibited within any district building, facility, or vehicle. In addition, the use of all tobacco products is prohibited on school grounds or premises. This prohibition shall also apply to all individuals attending or representing the school district at school-sponsored activities held off district property.
Students may not use toys, pagers, cell phones, or other personal electronic equipment during school hours. If students need to call a parent during school hours, they may use a school phone. The school phone should not be used to schedule after-school play dates. These dates should be arranged in advance.
Please sign in at the office first and get a visitor's badge which must be visibly worn.
Visitors are asked to check back in with the office before leaving campus to sign out and return their badge.
The following resources are available to any parent who wishes to know how his/her child is doing i school: parent/teacher conferences, Back to School Night, meetings with the guidance counselor, meetings with the principal, report cards, progress reports, homework samples, work samples and standardized test data.
Solana Santa Fe has a strong tradition of parent involvement. Under the teacher’s direction, parents work with children individually or in small groups, giving students immediate feedback on their work and helping them through problems. Volunteers provide additional support for classroom learning activities. Others can help out on field trips, by sharing special talents or helping to prepare materials at school. All volunteers are asked to sign in daily in the office.
Be responsible and safe -- always put children first.
Respect confidentiality. Students and staff have a right to privacy.
When things come up and you can’t fulfill a promise, let someone know.
Ask for help -- don’t suffer in silence!
Share your experience with others and encourage new volunteers. Commitment - Once you become a volunteer others depend on you.
Try to pick what is manageable and interesting to you.
Be prepared. Communicate with teachers and other staff members ahead of time.
Be on time. If you can’t make it, let someone know.
Each volunteer working with children must have the report of a negative tuberculin test (injection) or X-ray on file in the health office. The tuberculin test and X-ray are good for four years.
We so appreciate all that you do for our school! | 2019-04-19T23:18:56Z | https://www.sbsd.k12.ca.us/domain/244 |
You could get a loan of £250 – £50,000, with approval on the same day! Bowes Park Logbook Loans could be taken on Cars, Vans and Motorbikes. Apply now for a quote, it only take a few minutes. Our V5 lenders accept applications from the majority of the UK mainland, that means your local area is covered.
At Coney Hall, our sole aim is to put you in touch with a leading UK provider of Bowes Park logbook loans. Our free service is convenient, and in many cases you can get your loan decision on the same day. Compare our lenders to other market competitors like Bowes Park Cash Converter Logbook Loans, Wonga and QuickQuid.
If you would like to find out more information about Bowes Park logbook loans, then simply complete the form at the top of the page to hear direct from a leading UK logbook loan provider. They will be able to advise on any queries you may have, and provide a quote direct.
Please also note that as an intermediary website, we are not qualified to offer advice about Bowes Park logbook loans or any policies you may have taken out. Please contact the loan provide direct for further information.
Looking for logbook loans in Bowes Park on cars over 8 years old? Looking for logbook loans in Bowes Park on cars over 10 years old?
Bowes Park Logbook loans are secured against your vehicle and are subject to affordability. Missed payments may result in additional fees and/or the repossession of your vehicle. Over 18s only, T&Cs apply.
Why Bowes Park Logbook Loans Online?
The age of your car isn’t a concern… if it has value then there’s a good chance you could lend against it! You may find other Bowes Park lenders refuse to lend against older cars (typically over 8 years), in fact you may have been refused a loan before for this reason. This isn’t the case when you lend against a car’s value rather than it’s age, and since the loans can vary from £250 right up to £50,000 you’ll find most car models can be borrowed against. Enter your car model online to enquire.
If youre in Bowes Park and self-employed then you are probably aware how difficult it can be to get a personal loan of any sort as most money lenders want to see regular guaranteed income to cover payments. Logbook Loans use your vehicle as collateral which means you might still be eligible for a loan as it reduced the risk to a logbook lender. However, its important to remember though that as part of responsible lending you will need to prove to the lender that you can cover the repayments.
Can a Bowes Park Businesses Get a V5 Loan?
If youve got any questions about Bowes Park logbook loans then you may well find the answer in the list of FAQs we have compiled below. If not then please get in touch via our form and well happily advise further.
How do Bowes Park Logbook Loans work then?
The theory of borrowing against your car is an easy one… use your cars V5 title document as security to borrow against the value of your car. You can lend anything up to 80% of the cars value up to a maximum of £50,000. The logbook loan application process is simple, and this type of v5 loan is popular among Bowes Park residents as they are often accessible to those with poor credit scores (Due to CCJ’s) as the vehicle is used as security. Once your loan is repaid, you receive your V5 document back and carry on driving the car as normal.
One requirement of taking out Bowes Park V5 Loans is that you can prove to the lender that you can afford the repayments. Its part of a responsible lending approach, this helps to ensure you do not default on any loan payments. Therefore even if you are unemployed in Bowes Park, but can still prove you can afford the repayments then you may be eligible for a loan. Complete the online logbook loan form to see if you are eligible.
A HPI check will clearly show a loan present as a Bill of Sale Agreement. A rule was introduced that requires all Bowes Park V5 lenders to register any current loans against a vehicle with companies such as HPI. If for any reason you find that there is already a loan against your vehicle which was not visible on a HPI chekc then you are entitled to a reimbursement of up to £30,000 under the HPI guarantee.
Youll need to provide several forms of documentation before your loan can be approved. The most important of these are your valid photo identification and your V5 documents, or logbook, as these will prove that you are the rightful owner of the car you want to use as security. You should also provide a current MOT, proof of insurance, and a copy of your most recent utility bill (in your name) to prove your Bowes Park residency. You will also need to prove your able to afford the repayments. i.e. with payslips or bank statements that show your income.
Taking out a loan when youve bad credit score is tough for many Bowes Park customers. Because of the bad credit score, major loan lenders like banks are less likely to approve your loan application. Bowes Park V5 lenders might be able to provide a more feasible option despite the bad credit. Although you will still have to experience a credit check, V5 lenders can be more understanding to bad credit scores; as responsible Bowes Park V5 lenders, they will have to assess the loan applicants ability to repay the loan, and their vehicles value to ensure that the loan can be guaranteed.
Are Bowes Park Logbook Loans a good idea for me?
If your circumstances mean that you have been refused a loan elsewhere then applying for this type of V5 loan could help you borrow the money you need. By using your car, van or motorbike as security, V5 loans are more feasible to Bowes Park residents who have less-than-perfect credit scores, or simply need to release some quick money from the value of their car. If you own your car and can afford the repayments then a V5 loan may be a good idea.
Those who are self employed or have a bad credit history in Bowes Park can benefit from the V5 loans; they will need to prove that they are able to make the repayments. As part of responsible lending, its important for Bowes Park V5 loan applicants to prove that they have the ability to make prompt repayments to avoid losing possession of their car. Since different people have different situations, get in contact today to discuss your particular needs.
You could get a loan of £250 – £50,000, with approval on the same day! Wood Green Logbook Loans could be taken on Cars, Vans and Motorbikes. Apply now for a quote, it only take a few minutes. Our V5 lenders accept applications from the majority of the UK mainland, that means your local area is covered.
At Coney Hall, our sole aim is to put you in touch with a leading UK provider of Wood Green logbook loans. Our free service is convenient, and in many cases you can get your loan decision on the same day. Compare our lenders to other market competitors like Wood Green Cash Converter Logbook Loans, Wonga and QuickQuid.
If you would like to find out more information about Wood Green logbook loans, then simply complete the form at the top of the page to hear direct from a leading UK logbook loan provider. They will be able to advise on any queries you may have, and provide a quote direct.
Please also note that as an intermediary website, we are not qualified to offer advice about Wood Green logbook loans or any policies you may have taken out. Please contact the loan provide direct for further information.
Looking for logbook loans in Wood Green on cars over 8 years old? Looking for logbook loans in Wood Green on cars over 10 years old?
Wood Green Logbook loans are secured against your vehicle and are subject to affordability. Missed payments may result in additional fees and/or the repossession of your vehicle. Over 18s only, T&Cs apply.
Why Wood Green Logbook Loans Online?
The age of your car isn’t a concern… if it has value then there’s a good chance you could lend against it! You may find other Wood Green lenders refuse to lend against older cars (typically over 8 years), in fact you may have been refused a loan before for this reason. This isn’t the case when you lend against a car’s value rather than it’s age, and since the loans can vary from £250 right up to £50,000 you’ll find most car models can be borrowed against. Enter your car model online to enquire.
If youre in Wood Green and self-employed then you are probably aware how difficult it can be to get a personal loan of any sort as most money lenders want to see regular guaranteed income to cover payments. Logbook Loans use your vehicle as collateral which means you might still be eligible for a loan as it reduced the risk to a logbook lender. However, its important to remember though that as part of responsible lending you will need to prove to the lender that you can cover the repayments.
Can a Wood Green Businesses Get a V5 Loan?
If youve got any questions about Wood Green logbook loans then you may well find the answer in the list of FAQs we have compiled below. If not then please get in touch via our form and well happily advise further.
How do Wood Green Logbook Loans work then?
The theory of borrowing against your car is an easy one… use your cars V5 title document as security to borrow against the value of your car. You can lend anything up to 80% of the cars value up to a maximum of £50,000. The logbook loan application process is simple, and this type of v5 loan is popular among Wood Green residents as they are often accessible to those with poor credit scores (Due to CCJ’s) as the vehicle is used as security. Once your loan is repaid, you receive your V5 document back and carry on driving the car as normal.
One requirement of taking out Wood Green V5 Loans is that you can prove to the lender that you can afford the repayments. Its part of a responsible lending approach, this helps to ensure you do not default on any loan payments. Therefore even if you are unemployed in Wood Green, but can still prove you can afford the repayments then you may be eligible for a loan. Complete the online logbook loan form to see if you are eligible.
A HPI check will clearly show a loan present as a Bill of Sale Agreement. A rule was introduced that requires all Wood Green V5 lenders to register any current loans against a vehicle with companies such as HPI. If for any reason you find that there is already a loan against your vehicle which was not visible on a HPI chekc then you are entitled to a reimbursement of up to £30,000 under the HPI guarantee.
Youll need to provide several forms of documentation before your loan can be approved. The most important of these are your valid photo identification and your V5 documents, or logbook, as these will prove that you are the rightful owner of the car you want to use as security. You should also provide a current MOT, proof of insurance, and a copy of your most recent utility bill (in your name) to prove your Wood Green residency. You will also need to prove your able to afford the repayments. i.e. with payslips or bank statements that show your income.
Taking out a loan when youve bad credit score is tough for many Wood Green customers. Because of the bad credit score, major loan lenders like banks are less likely to approve your loan application. Wood Green V5 lenders might be able to provide a more feasible option despite the bad credit. Although you will still have to experience a credit check, V5 lenders can be more understanding to bad credit scores; as responsible Wood Green V5 lenders, they will have to assess the loan applicants ability to repay the loan, and their vehicles value to ensure that the loan can be guaranteed.
Are Wood Green Logbook Loans a good idea for me?
If your circumstances mean that you have been refused a loan elsewhere then applying for this type of V5 loan could help you borrow the money you need. By using your car, van or motorbike as security, V5 loans are more feasible to Wood Green residents who have less-than-perfect credit scores, or simply need to release some quick money from the value of their car. If you own your car and can afford the repayments then a V5 loan may be a good idea.
Those who are self employed or have a bad credit history in Wood Green can benefit from the V5 loans; they will need to prove that they are able to make the repayments. As part of responsible lending, its important for Wood Green V5 loan applicants to prove that they have the ability to make prompt repayments to avoid losing possession of their car. Since different people have different situations, get in contact today to discuss your particular needs.
You could get a loan of £250 – £50,000, with approval on the same day! Bounds Green Logbook Loans could be taken on Cars, Vans and Motorbikes. Apply now for a quote, it only take a few minutes. Our V5 lenders accept applications from the majority of the UK mainland, that means your local area is covered.
At Coney Hall, our sole aim is to put you in touch with a leading UK provider of Bounds Green logbook loans. Our free service is convenient, and in many cases you can get your loan decision on the same day. Compare our lenders to other market competitors like Bounds Green Cash Converter Logbook Loans, Wonga and QuickQuid.
If you would like to find out more information about Bounds Green logbook loans, then simply complete the form at the top of the page to hear direct from a leading UK logbook loan provider. They will be able to advise on any queries you may have, and provide a quote direct.
Please also note that as an intermediary website, we are not qualified to offer advice about Bounds Green logbook loans or any policies you may have taken out. Please contact the loan provide direct for further information.
Looking for logbook loans in Bounds Green on cars over 8 years old? Looking for logbook loans in Bounds Green on cars over 10 years old?
Bounds Green Logbook loans are secured against your vehicle and are subject to affordability. Missed payments may result in additional fees and/or the repossession of your vehicle. Over 18s only, T&Cs apply.
Why Bounds Green Logbook Loans Online?
The age of your car isn’t a concern… if it has value then there’s a good chance you could lend against it! You may find other Bounds Green lenders refuse to lend against older cars (typically over 8 years), in fact you may have been refused a loan before for this reason. This isn’t the case when you lend against a car’s value rather than it’s age, and since the loans can vary from £250 right up to £50,000 you’ll find most car models can be borrowed against. Enter your car model online to enquire.
If youre in Bounds Green and self-employed then you are probably aware how difficult it can be to get a personal loan of any sort as most money lenders want to see regular guaranteed income to cover payments. Logbook Loans use your vehicle as collateral which means you might still be eligible for a loan as it reduced the risk to a logbook lender. However, its important to remember though that as part of responsible lending you will need to prove to the lender that you can cover the repayments.
Can a Bounds Green Businesses Get a V5 Loan?
If youve got any questions about Bounds Green logbook loans then you may well find the answer in the list of FAQs we have compiled below. If not then please get in touch via our form and well happily advise further.
How do Bounds Green Logbook Loans work then?
The theory of borrowing against your car is an easy one… use your cars V5 title document as security to borrow against the value of your car. You can lend anything up to 80% of the cars value up to a maximum of £50,000. The logbook loan application process is simple, and this type of v5 loan is popular among Bounds Green residents as they are often accessible to those with poor credit scores (Due to CCJ’s) as the vehicle is used as security. Once your loan is repaid, you receive your V5 document back and carry on driving the car as normal.
One requirement of taking out Bounds Green V5 Loans is that you can prove to the lender that you can afford the repayments. Its part of a responsible lending approach, this helps to ensure you do not default on any loan payments. Therefore even if you are unemployed in Bounds Green, but can still prove you can afford the repayments then you may be eligible for a loan. Complete the online logbook loan form to see if you are eligible.
A HPI check will clearly show a loan present as a Bill of Sale Agreement. A rule was introduced that requires all Bounds Green V5 lenders to register any current loans against a vehicle with companies such as HPI. If for any reason you find that there is already a loan against your vehicle which was not visible on a HPI chekc then you are entitled to a reimbursement of up to £30,000 under the HPI guarantee.
Youll need to provide several forms of documentation before your loan can be approved. The most important of these are your valid photo identification and your V5 documents, or logbook, as these will prove that you are the rightful owner of the car you want to use as security. You should also provide a current MOT, proof of insurance, and a copy of your most recent utility bill (in your name) to prove your Bounds Green residency. You will also need to prove your able to afford the repayments. i.e. with payslips or bank statements that show your income.
Taking out a loan when youve bad credit score is tough for many Bounds Green customers. Because of the bad credit score, major loan lenders like banks are less likely to approve your loan application. Bounds Green V5 lenders might be able to provide a more feasible option despite the bad credit. Although you will still have to experience a credit check, V5 lenders can be more understanding to bad credit scores; as responsible Bounds Green V5 lenders, they will have to assess the loan applicants ability to repay the loan, and their vehicles value to ensure that the loan can be guaranteed.
Are Bounds Green Logbook Loans a good idea for me?
If your circumstances mean that you have been refused a loan elsewhere then applying for this type of V5 loan could help you borrow the money you need. By using your car, van or motorbike as security, V5 loans are more feasible to Bounds Green residents who have less-than-perfect credit scores, or simply need to release some quick money from the value of their car. If you own your car and can afford the repayments then a V5 loan may be a good idea.
Those who are self employed or have a bad credit history in Bounds Green can benefit from the V5 loans; they will need to prove that they are able to make the repayments. As part of responsible lending, its important for Bounds Green V5 loan applicants to prove that they have the ability to make prompt repayments to avoid losing possession of their car. Since different people have different situations, get in contact today to discuss your particular needs. | 2019-04-20T14:37:30Z | https://www.coneyhall.co.uk/tag/logbook-loans-in-n22/ |
By Lola Seriki- Idahosa, kaduna, NorthWest, Nigeria.
Drug abuse is the excessive, maladaptive, or addictive use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes. It also defines a state, emotional and sometimes physical, characterized by a compulsion to take drugs on a constant basis in order to experience its mental effects. Drug abuse gives rise to dependence both physical and psychological.
Dependence gives rise to mental, emotional, biological or physical, social and economic instability. The effects of drug abuse on an individual therefore form the basis for its cumulative effects on the society. This is the major danger of drug abuse.
Recently the Voice of the People (V2P) in conjunction with the Gender Awareness Trust (GAT), Christianaid and UKaid organised a sensitisation workshop on drug abuse awareness campaign which attracted over 150 participants, they include, students, Youths, men, women and religious leaders in Down Quarters community by railway station, kaduna with an action plan that will further take the community out of drug abuse.
The resolution from the campaign which includes: the youths were in agreement to organise awareness campaign regularly on the dangers of drug abuse, the women also agreed to commit and step down the knowledge gained to other women through women meeting and women groups in churches and mosques and also the religious leaders promised to create more awareness in churches and mosques on the dangers of drug abuse.
In any community occupy a delicate and sensitive position within the population structure for several reasons. The Nigerian law for example recognizes that an individual below the age of seven is incapable of committing a crime and an individual between seven and twelve years should be able to know what he ought not to do that is if it can be proved he doesn’t know and he also isn’t criminally responsible for his acts. Between the ages of twelve and seventeen, a person is regarded as a juvenile, and while he may be held responsible for his acts or omissions, he is treated specially under the law by the Children and Young Persons Act instead of the Criminal Procedure Act.
Statistics have shown that drug barons prefer recruiting their traffickers from the ages of 15 to 35 years, most of whom are either unskilled, unschooled or students or the unemployed. There are several factors, which can influence the abuse of drugs among youths. The major ones are: peer pressure, weak parental control, child abuse, imitation, emotional stress, truancy among students, the availability of the drugs and the ineffectiveness of the laws on drug trafficking.
In his presentation, the project officer, Stephen John of V2P said that the reason for organising the awareness sensitisation workshop is to educate youths in the area to know what drug addict is all about.
According to him, “our aims of organising this sensitisation workshop campaign is to see the need for youths to quit drug addiction in down quarters, a community with high level of drug addicts, our campaign here will go a long way in educating the youths here and to tell them to say no to drug abuse, we will continue to talk about stoppage to them until they stop”.
Types of Drugs Abused by Youth: There are several types of drugs are susceptible to abuse by youth. These drugs range from most common and less expensive such as cigarettes and alcohol to expensive and more deadly such as cocaine and heroin.
Cigarettes – these are drugs easily available to youth. They are classified as drugs because the contain nicotine and it has physical and psychological effects on the body. Cigarettes are addictive and they cause lung disorders such as cancer.
Alcohol – Beer, wine, brandy and spirits are in the drug category mainly because of their chemical contents and potential for addiction. Alcohol has a toxic and sedative effect on the body and is available without prescription. It is a central nervous system depressant and its consumption can cause a number of marked changes in behaviour.
Caffeine – This is usually abuse through the excessive chewing of cola-nut or concentrated coffee. It is the active ingredient of coffee, tea and some bottled beverages.
Marijuana – Also popularly called Indian hemp, is a drug that contains tetrahydrocannabinol, (THC) which determines its potency varying from 0.2% to 20%. It is a hallucinogenic stimulant, and is usually produced locally.
Hydrocarbons – Glue, gasoline, cleaning solutions, varnish, paint thinners, nail polish remover, and lighter fluids, all distilled from petroleum and natural gas, belong to the class of hydrocarbons. They are usually inhaled or sniffed.
Cocaine – Cocaine is one of the most potent stimulants of natural origin. It is extracted from the leaves of the coca plant grown in the Andean highlands of South America. Illicit cocaine is usually distributed as a white crystalline powder, often diluted by a variety of ingredients. The drug is usually administrated by snorting through the nasal passages.
Heroin: Heroin was first synthesized from morphine with a bitter taste. Illicit heroin may vary in both form and color, from white to dark brown. Heroin is about three times more potent than morphine, and it is readily available in Nigeria.
The danger of drug abuse has been defined as “a state of periodic or chronic intoxication, detrimental to the individual and society, of a drug.” The major indication of drug addition is the irresistible desire to take drugs by any means.
Physical dependence manifests itself when drug intake is decreased or stopped resulting in withdrawal syndrome, which leads to a very distressing experience. Psychological dependence is experienced when an abuser relies on a drug to produced feeling of well being.
In conclusion it is important to reiterate the dangers of drug abuse in general and to youth involved in it.
In a paper presentation by Mr. Kaleb Mark Ishaya with title On drug abuse, its effect and consequences, advised the youths against the use of prescribed drugs outside medical prescription.
He also advised against the misuse of drugs “refers to under dose, over dose and the use of wrong drug for a particular ailment”.
Effects of drug Abuse: damage to the eyes, nose and throat.
causes, complicated and infection: increase heart rate/heart diseases, increase blood pressure, shortness of breathe, causes harm to foetus during pregnancy/low birth weight at birth, lung/liver cancer, restlessness, quickened pulse and circulation and feeling of confusion. Side effects: peptic ulcer, headache, violence/crime/aggressive and violent behaviour liver cirrhosis, hepatitis c, fast aging, impotence/affects sexual behaviour negatively/increased risk of infertility, weight loss and impairs oxygen flow to the brain, mood swing/loss of ability to concentrate, addiction, HIV/aids arising from infected needles, brain damage, damage to body tissue, sudden death.
Predisposing factors to Drug Abuse: peer pressure, adolescence, curiosity, availability of drug, advertisement, culture.
Another paper presenter on Drug Laws in Nigeria and the penalties for defaulting by Dr. Ibrahim BA from NDLEA Kaduna state command, itemise the various penalties for drug addicts.
According to the NDLEA boss, “is important for communities to be educated on the danger and consequences of drug abuse, I promised to partner with Gender Awareness Trust (GAT)”.
Since the 1970s several approaches to drug abuse education and prevention have been implemented in school settings. Traditionally, drug abuse education has involved the dissemination of information on drug abuse and the negative health, social, and legal consequences of abuse. Contemporary approaches include social resistance and competence-enhancement programs, which focus less on didactic instruction and more on interactive-skills training techniques.
The most promising contemporary approaches are conceptualized within a theoretical framework based on the etiology of drug abuse and have been subjected to empirical testing using appropriate research methods.
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The Three Faces Of Steve In this exclusive, personal conversation, Apple's CEO reflects on the turnaround, and on how a wunderkind became an old pro.
(FORTUNE Magazine) – Well into the conversation with FORTUNE that you're about to read, Steve Jobs, the once and interim CEO of Apple Computer, professes to feel, at the wizened age of 43, no different from when he was a frisky 17-year-old. True to form, he contradicts himself a little later, confessing to be "an old man now." Those comments reveal as much about why Jobs has been able to pull off his prestidigital revival of Apple--his first and still greatest creation--as do his observations on his business strategies and actions of the past year.
Here's why. Jobs is most effective as a businessman and leader when he invokes the pathos and gestalt of his generation. He is, after all, a child of the 1960s--you're still likely to find him barefoot in the office, and for breakfast he eats granola doused in apple juice. Yet Jobs is also a mature baby-boomer, with an impressive if offbeat store of business experience, plus the typical worries that go with having a daughter in college and three tykes at home.
So it's no wonder that Apple, which still carries Steve's genes and has always been as much a cultural phenomenon as a purveyor of computers, is responding dramatically to his patently iconoclastic yet subtly more seasoned leadership. The Jobs style also seems to click at the other company he heads: Pixar Animation Studios, a place that blends Silicon Valley stock options and technical rigor with the fanciful creativity of the movie biz (see box).
Listening to Jobs talk about his companies and his personal life, one can tell he believes he has finally, after more than two decades, found the formula that lets him be what he's always been best at: a consumer technology impresario, an adroit chief executive, and, at heart, a cultural revolutionary. Call them the three faces of Steve.
Friends, competitors, and even former foes agree that Jobs has wrung out much of whatever was dysfunctional in his mercurial style. Listen to Regis McKenna, the marketing guru who 20 years ago showed Steve the ropes in high-tech promotion: "Steve has matured. You know how I can tell? He asked lots of people for advice when he returned to Apple and actually listened to them. He's learned from his mistakes. What better accolade can you give him?"
Or how about this appraisal by John Sculley, the ex-Apple CEO who squeezed Jobs out of the company in 1985: "The turnaround isn't a fluke. It's back to the future. Steve has done an absolutely sensational job of turning Apple into what he always wanted it to be."
If there's a new balance to Jobs, it may arise in large part from the fact that his two companies are so different and require orthogonal skills. Larry Ellison, founder and CEO of Oracle, an Apple director and close friend of Jobs', observes: "Pixar is good for Steve, because although he is basically the owner of the company, he is not the owner or creator of the movies it makes, and he knows it. At Apple it's the other way around. He owns only one share of Apple stock, yet he clearly owns the product and the idea behind the company. The Mac is the expression of his creativity, and Apple as a whole is an expression of Steve. That's why, despite the 'interim' in his title, he'll stay at Apple for a long time."
Another thing that might keep Jobs at Apple is his penchant for challenging computer industry orthodoxy. In the early days Jobs and co-founder Steve Wozniak used the groundbreaking Apple II personal computer to foment an insurgency against big-iron mainframe computing. Steve's most famous baby, the winsome Macintosh, was an attempt to overthrow the growing dominion of the vapid IBM PC and its appropriately named "clones." Now, with the iMac and other stylish, Internet-friendly machines sure to come, Steve is renewing his holy war with the inelegant, overly complex, beige blandness of PC computing. Once a zealot, always a zealot.
But then, maybe it's the times that have changed, more than Steve. Computers today are the biggest-selling of all consumer electronics products. A rich vein of new buyers are consumer holdouts who, under pressure from their kids or in reaction to plunging prices, are finally ready to go digital. Steve's obsession with style, simplicity, and ease of use might well speak to them.
Stories of his petulance as a boss still abound. At Apple his fingerprints are all over the products, the marketing, even the cafeteria (he replaced the old food-service company with an outfit run by the former manager of Il Fornaio, the Palo Alto trattoria). As you can tell in the interview that follows, he is still incapable of mincing words. Intel Chairman Andy Grove, long a Jobs admirer, perhaps says it best: "Steve will always be Steve. The only thing that will change is that he will lose some more of his hair."
You knew it would be bleak when you went back to Apple. Just how bad was it?
Much worse than I could imagine. The people had been told they were losers for so long they were on the verge of giving up. The first six months were very bleak, and at times I got close to throwing in the towel too.
A lot of people thought you had a plan in mind when you walked in the door because you moved so swiftly to cut off the clone business and extraneous projects like the Newton.
In a situation like that, you don't have time to study everything. But, yeah, I had some ideas. What I told people was that every decision didn't have to be right, just enough of them had to be right, so don't get paralyzed. There were some very hard decisions to make. Like the decision to end the clone business. In hindsight that looks smart, but have you ever gotten death threats? That was scary.
FORTUNE ran a story right after you came back to Apple in which we accused you of acting cynically, of returning just to satisfy your ego.
If I was cynical, why would I have put myself through all that?
But why did you sell all but one of your Apple shares before you even started trying to revive the company? You had to know that would send a bad signal.
There's an explanation. During the negotiations when Apple wanted to buy Next, Apple said it would pay me 1.5 million shares in stock--which was about a sixth of my share of the purchase price--and the rest in cash. There was a catch: They wanted it to be unregistered stock so I couldn't sell it for six months.
It was a big mistake, and here's why. At the end of six months they had to register the stock with the SEC as they promised. When they did, the business press--a la you guys--assumed I was preparing to sell, even though I hadn't even thought about selling. When that all blew up, I thought, "Gee, Apple's taking a big PR hit on this. If I sell in three or six months, there will be a second hit, so I might as well sell now."
This was, by the way, before the Apple board began to twist my arm to come back and run the company. Gil Amelio was running the place. So I was also thinking, "Do I really want this $20 million worth of stock when I think the company is going to be worthless in a year?" So I sold it. Literally within a few days, I got a call from [Apple director] Ed Woolard to discuss coming back.
Selling that stock actually was a good thing. I don't get a salary at Apple. I get a dollar a year so that my family can be on the health plan, but that's it. You could argue, as you did, that I don't have a stake in Apple. But I was able to walk in with some moral authority and say, "Look, this isn't about me or the money I'm going to make. This is about what's right for Apple." It was purer in some ways.
Let's look ahead now. The iMac has begun shoring up Apple's market share. But can you really hope to make your share grow?
There are three kinds of iMac purchasers: No. 1, the Macintosh installed base; that's the most important segment. We're constantly listening to those folks, and we'll try to build computers that they want and need. They seem to be responding to the iMac.
The second kind is new users. Between five million and ten million new users will enter the market in the next year or two, and we'd like to get a much greater proportion of those than our current market share. We're in a pretty good position to do that.
The third place to get customers is from the Wintel installed base. Now, the Wintel market is actually two: diehard PC users--and we know we're not going to get many of them--and former Mac users who converted to Wintel. We are getting some of those people back.
Now that you've stabilized the ship, will Apple start pioneering again?
The iMac is a pretty good indication of where we're headed. The whole strategy for Apple now is, if you will, to be the Sony of the computer business.
I don't really believe that televisions and computers are going to merge. I've spent enough time in entertainment to know that storytelling is linear. It's not interactive. You go to your TV when you want to turn your brain off. You go to your computer when you want to turn your brain on. Those are not the same.
Computers have a bright future. The question is, where can Apple fit in? Dell and Compaq and Hewlett-Packard sell mainly to the corporate market. Yet there's this whole consumer market, which hardly anybody with the right skills is focusing on.
In audio and video electronics, Sony has a consumer products business, which is their core, and a professional business, which serves broadcasters. Well, our professional business is our design/publishing business, and our consumer business is education and pure consumers. The consumer business is pretty cool because it's very high-volume and you really get to interact with individual customers.
Beyond that, Apple's the only PC company left that makes the whole widget--hardware and software. That means Apple can really decide that it will make a system dramatically easier to use, which is a great asset when you're going after consumers.
The technology isn't the hard part. The hard part is, What's the product? Or, Who's the customer? How are they going to buy it? How do you tell them about it? So besides having the ideas and the technology and the manufacturing, you have to have good marketing to be able to reach the consumer.
Can we expect Apple to move into related consumer electronics businesses?
If Mercedes made a bicycle or a hamburger or a computer, I don't think there'd be much advantage in having its logo on it. I don't think Apple would get much equity putting its name on an automobile, either. And just because the whole world is going digital--TV, audio, and all that--doesn't mean there's anything wrong with just being in the computer business. The computer business is huge.
Listen, consumers are smart enough to know what the boundaries of brands are. If Apple can find things that are complementary to its core, that's great. I thought buying the PalmPilot from 3Com would have been complementary, but it didn't come to pass. I won't go into what other complementary things there might be, but when you look back in a year, it will all make sense.
Here's a problem I see in spotting new products. People focus too much on entirely new ideas, as if that's what's required to grow a new business. Maybe that's not the right way to do it. Most good products really are extensions of previous products.
For example, computers are still awful. They're too complicated and don't do what you really want them to do--or do those things as well as they could. We have a long way to go. People are still making automobiles after nearly 100 years. Telephones have been around a long time, but even so the cellular revolution was pretty exciting. That's why I think the computer revolution is still in its early stages. There's a lot of room for doing new and exciting things with the same basic product.
You're CEO of not one but two companies that are very different. Tell us about some of those differences.
Apple has some pretty amazing people, but the collection of people at Pixar is the highest concentration of remarkable people that I have ever witnessed. There's a person who's got a Ph.D. in computer-generated plants--3-D grass and trees and flowers. There's another who is the best in the world at putting imagery on film. Also, Pixar is more multidisciplinary than Apple ever will be. But the key thing is that it is much smaller. Pixar's got 450 people. You could never have the collection of people that Pixar has now if you went to 2,000 people.
Another difference is that all the things in the computer business that we labored over 20 years ago are now discarded--part of the sedimentary layer. Nobody uses an Apple II anymore. Yet when Snow White [Disney's first big animated film] was re-released a few years back, we were one of the tens of millions of families that went to see it. That film is 60 years old, and my son loved it. I'd like to think people are going to love [Pixar's upcoming movie] A Bug's Life 60 years from now. But I doubt anybody will be beating on a Macintosh 60 years from now.
Have you seen Antz [a computer-animated film distributed by DreamWorks that is strikingly similar to A Bug's Life]?
I should have, but I've just been too busy. That reminds me of another big difference between Apple and Pixar: The computer business is a zero-sum game. If a customer buys the other guy's computer, he won't buy yours. But in the film industry, time and again, audiences have shown that if there are three really good films out there, they'll go see all three; but if there are three not-so-good films, they won't go see any. If A Bug's Life is really good, Antz is not going to hurt us much, even if it's really good too. We're competing with "Can we make a great movie?," not with Antz or another studio.
People you've worked with say the word that best describes your management style is persistent. Where did you get your persistence?
I don't think of it as persistence at all. When I was growing up, a guy across the street had a Volkswagen Bug. He really wanted to make it into a Porsche. He spent all his spare money and time accessorizing this VW, making it look and sound loud. By the time he was done, he did not have a Porsche. He had a loud, ugly VW.
You've got to be careful choosing what you're going to do. Once you pick something you really care about, and it's a worthwhile thing to do, then you can kind of forget about it and just work at it. The dedication comes naturally.
You seem to enjoy building companies as much as you enjoy building products.
Uh, no. The only purpose for me in building a company is so that it can make products. Of course, building a very strong company and a foundation of talent and culture is essential over the long run to keep making great products.
On the other hand, to me, the company is one of humanity's most amazing inventions. It's totally abstract. Sure, you have to build something with bricks and mortar to put the people in, but basically a company is this abstract construct we've invented, and it's incredibly powerful.
Still, if you look at your first tenure at Apple, part of your goal was to build a new kind of company. You had much the same goal at Pixar.
I was lucky to get into computers when it was a very young and idealistic industry. There weren't many degrees offered in computer science, so people in computers were brilliant people from mathematics, physics, music, zoology, whatever. They loved it, and no one was really in it for the money.
My heroes--Dave Packard, for example, left all his money to his foundation; Bob Noyce [the late co-founder of Intel] was another. I'm old enough to have been able to know these guys. I met Andy Grove when I was 21. I called him and told him I'd heard he was really good at operations and asked if I could take him out to lunch. I did that with others too.
These guys were all company builders, and the gestalt of Silicon Valley at that time made a big impression on me. There are people around here who start companies just to make money, but the great companies, well, that's not what they're about.
Maybe so, but today Silicon Valley seems to be fueled as much by stock options as by idealism.
Of course you want to have your people share in the wealth you create. At Apple we gave all our employees stock options very early on. We were among the first in Silicon Valley to do that. And when I returned, I took away most of the cash bonuses and replaced them with options. No cars, no planes, no bonuses. Basically, everybody gets a salary and stock.
The great thing about stock is that if the value of one person's shares goes up, everyone's does. It's a very egalitarian way to run a company that Hewlett-Packard pioneered and that Apple, I would like to think, helped establish.
At Pixar one of the most gratifying things is that there are a lot of folks who don't really care about getting rich but who care a lot about the art or the technology. Yet they will never have to worry about money for the rest of their lives. Their families can live in a nice house, and they can concentrate on what they really love to do. It's wonderful.
You've always taken time to troll for new technologies that you could turn into new kinds of products. Are you able to do that now as much as you used to?
There's a certain amount of homework involved, true; but mostly it's just picking up on things you can see on the periphery. Sometimes at night when you're almost asleep, you realize something you wouldn't otherwise have noted. I subscribe to a half-dozen Internet news services, and I get 300 E-mails a day, many from people I don't know, hawking crazy ideas. And I've always paid close attention to the whispers around me.
You're 43. You've already made it big in business, yet you're not on the downhill slope of your life yet. Have your motivations changed as a middle-ager?
But you react to things differently now.
Of course. I'm an old man. When you're older, you realize that sometimes there's nothing you can do about certain things.
Do you ever think you may be getting a little conservative in your old age?
One of my role models is Bob Dylan. As I grew up, I learned the lyrics to all his songs and watched him never stand still. If you look at the artists, if they get really good, it always occurs to them at some point that they can do this one thing for the rest of their lives, and they can be really successful to the outside world but not really be successful to themselves. That's the moment that an artist really decides who he or she is. If they keep on risking failure, they're still artists. Dylan and Picasso were always risking failure.
This Apple thing is that way for me. I don't want to fail, of course. But even though I didn't know how bad things really were, I still had a lot to think about before I said yes. I had to consider the implications for Pixar, for my family, for my reputation. I decided that I didn't really care, because this is what I want to do. If I try my best and fail, well, I tried my best.
What makes you become conservative is realizing that you have something to lose. Remember The Whole Earth Catalog? The last edition had a photo on the back cover of a remote country road you might find yourself on while hitchhiking up to Oregon. It was a beautiful shot, and it had a caption that really grabbed me. It said: "Stay hungry. Stay foolish." It wasn't an ad for anything--just one of Stewart Brand's profound statements. It's wisdom. "Stay hungry. Stay foolish."
Do you want to be a mentor to someone who could succeed you?
I don't think it works that way. You just are yourself, and you work with other people. If you're inspiring to other people, it makes an impression on them. For example, I hear people at Disney talking about what it was like to work with Walt. They loved him. I know that people at Pixar are going to talk about their days with John Lasseter [director of Toy Story and A Bug's Life] in the same way. Who knows? Maybe someday somebody will feel that way about working with me. I have no idea.
But if you had a partner or an understudy, wouldn't it reassure those who worry about the word "interim" in your title?
Here's what that issue is about. I'm also CEO of Pixar, and I'd like to remain there for the foreseeable future because I love it. That does place some limitations on what I can do at Apple.
What happened with me ever since I returned to Apple was that everybody was hounding me about this "interim" business, asking how long I was going to stay. Very early this year I remember waking up and thinking, "This is not my problem. This is their problem. I'm not losing sleep over it, and it doesn't make me work any less hard for Apple." So I just decided, with all the other problems that I'd taken on, that I didn't need this one too, and I haven't looked back a day.
What's your biggest screwup in your adult life?
No regrets about business decisions?
Sure, there are a zillion things I wish I'd done differently. But I think the things you most regret in life are things you didn't do. What you really regret was never asking that girl to dance.
In business, if I knew earlier what I know now, I'd have probably done some things a lot better than I did, but I also would've probably done some other things a lot worse. But so what? It's more important to be engaged in the present.
I'll give you a perfect example. On vacation recently I was reading this book by [physicist and Nobel laureate] Richard Feynmann. He had cancer, you know. In this book he was describing one of his last operations before he died. The doctor said to him, "Look, Richard, I'm not sure you're going to make it." And Feynmann made the doctor promise that if it became clear he wasn't going to survive, to take away the anesthetic. Do you know why? Feynmann said, "I want to feel what it's like to turn off." That's a good way to put yourself in the present--to look at what's affecting you right now and be curious about it even if it's bad.
I'll tell you something else that makes you look at things differently. Once you have kids, it doesn't take a very big leap to realize that everybody is a kid. Everybody came out of their mother and was a baby, and hopefully everybody was loved by somebody as much as you love your kids. That may not sound profound, but a lot of people forget that.
So when we laid some people off at Apple a year ago, or when I have to take people out of their jobs, it's harder for me now. Much harder. I do it because that's my job. But when I look at people when this happens, I also think of them as being 5 years old. And I think that person could be me coming home to tell my wife and kids that I just got laid off. Or that could be one of my kids in 20 years. I never took it so personally before. | 2019-04-25T00:02:15Z | https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1998/11/09/250880/index.htm |
From Lyndon Johnson’s closest domestic adviser during the White House years comes a book in which “Johnson leaps out of the pages in all his raw and earthy glory” (The New York Times Book Review) that’s been called “a joy to read” (Stephen Ambrose, The Washington Post Book World). And now, a new introductory essay brings the reader up to date on Johnson’s impact on America today.
Califano takes us into the Oval Office as the decisions that irrevocably changed the United States were being crafted to create Johnson’s ambitious Great Society. He shows us LBJ’s commitment to economic and social revolution, and his willingness to do whatever it took to achieve his goals. Califano uncorks LBJ’s legislative genius and reveals the political guile it took to pass the laws in civil rights, poverty, immigration reform, health, education, environmental protection, consumer protection, the arts, and communications.
President Lyndon Johnson was bigger than life—and no one who worked for him or was subjected to the “Johnson treatment” ever forgot it. As Johnson’s “Deputy President of Domestic Affairs” (The New York Times), Joseph A. Califano’s unique relationship with the president greatly enriches our understanding of our thirty-sixth president, whose historical significance continues to be felt throughout every corner of America to this day.
A no-holds-barred account of Johnson’s presidency, The Triumph & Tragedy of Lyndon Johnson is an intimate portrait of a President whose towering ambition for his country and himself reshaped America—and ultimately led to his decision to withdraw from the political arena in which he fought so hard.
THE FIRST CALL came on November 4, 1964. I was working as Special Assistant to Robert McNamara. My office at the Pentagon was directly across the hall from his. That morning The Washington Post and New York Times were on my desk, their headlines proclaiming Lyndon Johnson’s landslide over Barry Goldwater, 61 to 39 percent.
Moyers and Bundy were waiting in Moyers’s office. They said the President (whose only previous contact with me was a handshake in August 1964)2 wanted me to take on two tasks: administration headhunter and White House expert on Latin American affairs. Moyers said my experience with McNamara gave me good lines to top talent, and Bundy thought work I had done on Cuba, Panama, and the Dominican Republic gave me a grounding in Latin America. I told them I would have to talk to McNamara. They urged me to wait until the President had spoken to him. I said I couldn’t.
“I’ll have to talk to McNamara,” I responded, excited but nervous and unsure about my boss’s reaction.
At the White House Moyers and Valenti said that my new job would be to prepare legislative programs, manage domestic crises, and act as a general-utility infielder on the domestic scene.
When I got back to the Pentagon, McNamara told me to come right to his office.
An hour later, McNamara called me in to tell me that he had convinced the President he should let me coordinate economic policy.
“What a job!” I gasped.
“It’s not a job. With this President, it’s not even a job description. It’s an opportunity. You’ll have to prove yourself to him to turn it into a job,” McNamara said.
I said I was planning to have dinner with a friend from Panama who was already on his way to the restaurant. I thought I’d best skip the White House dinner. Moyers understood.
So went my first lesson: this President did not like people to say no to him.
At dinner,5 Johnson listened intently as each academic spent a few minutes outlining the most serious problems and opportunities facing America and the President. Remarkably, at least in retrospect, the Vietnam War was scarcely mentioned. Everyone was confident we could solve our domestic problems. In only nineteen months after assuming the presidency, Johnson had made enormous progress on the Democratic party’s progressive agenda.
The President, with whom I had not yet spoken, introduced me as a member of his staff. On my way out, he said he expected to see me at the LBJ Ranch for the weekend. As I drove home, I thought about my only direct experience of Lyndon Johnson in action.
On October 14, 1964, it was reported that Walter Jenkins, a long-time Johnson aide (as close to a White House chief-of-staff as the President ever tolerated), had been arrested a week earlier for making advances to a sixty-one-year-old man at the downtown Washington YMCA. The story broke less than three weeks before the presidential election and promised to fuel Goldwater’s charges of corruption and improprieties in Johnson’s past.
Two military officers on my staff were still around, Army Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Haig and an Air Force lieutenant colonel. Rather than put a young Air Force officer in the impossible position of standing over a general in his own service, I sent Al Haig to monitor the Xeroxing.
As soon as we had a copy, McNamara and I rushed to Moyers’s White House office. As Bundy, McNamara, and I gathered around a speaker phone, Moyers called Valenti at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City, where the President was speaking to the Alfred E. Smith Memorial Dinner. Lady Bird Johnson was preparing a sympathetic statement supporting Walter Jenkins and his family.6 When the President got on the phone, he expressed his suspicion that Jenkins had been framed or set up by the Republicans. He asked McNamara to read him texts of Jenkins’s Air Force Reserve fitness reports signed by the commanding officer of the Capitol Hill Air Force Reserve unit. One was more glowing than the next.
Moyers and Bundy smiled. McNamara and I exchanged glances. The commanding officer who had signed Jenkins’s glowing reports was Air Force Reserve Major General Barry Goldwater.
I got up at 3 A.M. on Saturday, July 10, 1965, to shower, pack, dress, and drive to Andrews Air Force Base outside Washington to catch a presidential Lear Jet. Valenti, his wife Mary Margaret, and speechwriter Richard Goodwin were also on board. We arrived at the ranch just after 9 A.M. Johnson met us at the airplane and sent us off to our rooms. Then Mrs. Johnson offered us scrambled eggs and spicy deer sausage. When I demurred, she said, “I suggest you eat something now, young fellow. You never know with Lyndon what time the next meal will be.” After breakfast we changed into bathing suits and joined the President at the pool, where he was swimming. His secretary, Victoria (Vicky) McCammon, sat on the side with her feet in the water.
“It would be an honor and a privilege,” I called back.
In the early afternoon, the President, with me next to him in the front seat, took his white Lincoln convertible, top down, for a drive around the ranch. Johnson had changed to dry trunks and a clean shirt, but I was still in my one pair of wet trunks and a knit shirt.
It was incredibly hot; the dust clouds made it hard to breathe. But there was relief. As we drove around, we were followed by a car and a station wagon with Secret Service agents. The President drank Cutty Sark scotch and soda out of a large white plastic foam cup; I had a Coca-Cola. Periodically, Johnson would slow down, sometimes stop for a moment, and hold his left arm outside the car, shaking the cup and ice. A Secret Service agent would run up to the car, take the cup and go back to the station wagon. There another agent would refill it with ice, scotch, and soda as the first agent trotted behind the wagon. Then the first agent would run the refilled cup up to LBJ’s outstretched arm and waiting hand, as the President’s car moved slowly along.
As he drove, the President would call his ranch foreman, Dale Malechek, on the car’s Motorola radiophone.
As we passed from one section of the ranch to another, Secret Servicemen would jump out of the car in front and rush to open gates so we could drive through without stopping.
We stopped at LBJ’s birthplace, a small two-room building with a tiny barn behind, drove back for a fast ride on the airstrip and again around the ranch, ending at the ranch house around 2 P.M. Shortly afterward, we boarded a helicopter for the Haywood Ranch, another of Johnson’s properties, and Coca-Cola Cove at Lake LBJ, part of a chain of artificial lakes set in central Texas, thanks to the persistence of Congressman Lyndon B. Johnson. We lunched and spent the afternoon and early evening on a thirty-seven-foot yacht. From lake-front properties and in small motorboats, wire-service photographers constantly sought to take pictures. Secret Service agents in black speedboats tried to keep the photographers away. Johnson took care to drink out of an opaque plastic cup, usually below deck, whether it was filled with scotch or Fresca.
We went ashore briefly at a house on the lake that the President called “Jack and Mary Margaret’s,” after the Valentis. As we walked through the house, the President stopped in a bright shaft of sunlight in the living room. He unbuckled his belt and twisted toward his right side as he lowered his pants and pushed down his undershorts, trying to look at his increasingly bare right buttock.
“Something hurts back there,” he said, now exploring the surface with his right hand. “Is that a boil?” he asked me as I stood to his right. Astonished, I looked—“peeked” would be a better word—and gulped, “Yes.” “I’ll have to get Dr. [presidential physician George] Burkley to look at it,” the President said matter-of-factly as he tucked in his shirt, pulled up his pants, and buckled his belt.
In the late afternoon, the President took me waterskiing. He drove his twenty-foot gold-colored speedboat up and down the lake and under a bridge with concrete supports about every ten yards. He drove faster and faster, zigging and zagging around the lake and between the concrete pillars. The faster he drove and twisted, the more I was determined to stay up. He threw me once. He was going so fast that I thought I’d split apart when I flew off the skis and hit the water. Determined to prove myself, I got back up and managed not to fall off again.
The car splashed into the water. I started to get out. Just then the car leveled and I realized we were in an Amphicar. The President laughed. As we putted along the lake then (and throughout that evening), he teased me. “Vicky, did you see what Joe did? He didn’t give a damn about his President. He just wanted to save his own skin and get out of the car.” Then he’d roar.
Around 9 P.M. we went to the Haywood ranch house for dinner. I was still in my wet bathing suit. The others, more experienced in LBJ’s ways, had brought along a change of clothing. Near midnight we returned by chopper to the main ranch house, and the President asked me to come to his office. For half an hour, he handed me one paper after another, directing me to give them, along with his instructions, to various White House aides or cabinet members. When he finally retired, White House aide Jake Jacobsen gently took the papers from me and said he would carry out the President’s instructions. I went to bed, almost twenty-four hours after I’d gotten up in Washington.
Life at the ranch would always be unpredictable. We never knew when we would work or play. In the pool, on the boat, during a meal, the President might give us an order to do something or to get an agency or department head to take some action. Breakfast was always early and on our own, but lunch could be anywhere from one to four o’clock; it might be at the LBJ Ranch, on the boat, or at one of the Johnsons’ other ranches. The President usually took a nap, which could last anywhere from thirty minutes to a couple of hours. Dinner might be at eight or midnight and its location was just as uncertain. On Sundays we had no idea whether we would return that evening or Monday morning, afternoon, or evening, and we often departed on less than an hour’s notice. Mrs. Johnson displayed ceaseless patience in accommodating her husband’s spur-of-the-moment style.
That first Sunday, Johnson and I attended separate services, he at the First Christian Church in Johnson City and I at St. Mary’s Catholic Church in Fredericksburg. Back at the ranch, Johnson held a press conference to name Major Hugh Robinson as his new Army aide. I had interviewed several black Army officers for the job only a month before and had recommended Robinson.7 He became the first black military aide to a U.S. President.
We lunched at 3 P.M., the President napped until 6 P.M., and then decided to spend the night in Texas, so we spent the early evening driving around the LBJ and Lewis ranches.
After dinner, the President took me on a walk to see his third cousin, Oreale Ruth Keele Bailey. Cousin Oreale lived in a small frame house on the LBJ Ranch. The President took care of her. She was about seventy-seven years old and suffered mild dementia and hearing loss. Outside the house, Johnson shouted to her and then went in and sat on her bed. He talked to her loudly, teased her gently, laughed with her, hugged her, and lifted her off her feet. Cousin Oreale loved it.
Often I have felt the utter futility of words; never more than now when I would wish my boy and his bride the highest and truest happiness together. That I love you and that my fondest hopes are centered in you, I do not need to assure you, my own dear children. . . .
Beyond “Congratulations, Congressman” what can I say to my dear son in this hour of triumphant success? . . . I love you; I believe in you, I expect great things of you.
As a White House car took me home, I pondered the impossibility of preventing a leak. Thirty or more White House correspondents had seen me with the President on Lake LBJ, at his Sunday press conference, at his boyhood home, and in Johnson City.
McNamara’s advice was on the mark. It didn’t take long in Lyndon Johnson’s White House to realize that for the President a minute was well spent, an encounter enjoyable, a day good, an evening memorable, only if it contributed to his goals. He wanted that same intensity from his staff. They had to be reachable and under his control at all times.
The telephone was Johnson’s chosen instrument.I He installed direct lines to his top assistants from the Oval Office (both desk and coffee table) and his bedroom. This line was easily distinguishable from the clear buttons on our phone consoles not only by its red color, but by the letters POTUS (President of the United States) and by the fact that when the button lit up our phones emitted a constant single ring until they were answered. These POTUS lines easily earned the term “hot.” If there was a slight delay in picking up, the President conveyed the impression that the phone hadn’t been answered promptly enough. He was invariably annoyed if any of us were not at the other end to answer.
Soon after I arrived at the White House, around eight o’clock one morning, Johnson called on my POTUS line. Down the hall from the Oval Office, my office had its own adjoining bathroom, which is where I was when he called. My secretary, Peggy Hoxie, picked up. “He’s not here, Mr. President,” she answered a little nervously.
“Where the hell is he?” the President asked.
“He’s in the bathroom, Mr. President,” Peggy responded.
“Isn’t there a phone in there?” Johnson asked incredulously.
“No, Mr. President,” she responded, just as incredulously.
Within minutes, as I came out of the bathroom, Peggy was standing in my office, a little shaky, with two Army Signal Corps technicians from the White House Communications Agency. “The President wants a phone installed in your John immediately, sir,” one of them said. I shrugged my shoulders, smiled, and surrendered. The phone, complete with POTUS line, was installed and functioning in less than an hour.
On one Sunday morning the President called while I was at mass at Holy Trinity Church in Georgetown. When I arrived home and got the message, I returned the call. After asking me if I had prayed for him (I had, but not as hard as I prayed for myself), the President told me I should never be out of telephone touch with the White House. I said I understood that, but it was only for an hour. Then he said, “The reason they have those Motorola radiophones in White House cars is so that I can get you at any time.” From now on, he instructed me, when you go to church on Sunday, go in a White House car, and sit in the back of the church. Then, “if your President ever needs you,” the driver can go in and quietly get you out so you can talk on the phone. So from then on, a White House limousine waited for me when I went to mass. The President, however, never called me out of church.
The President’s desire to control his staff extended to the way we dressed. He never hesitated to tell secretaries what colors or styles most became them, and sometimes he even selected dresses for them. On at least one occasion, he told Juanita Roberts, his senior secretary, that “all the girls in [her office] needed more hair spray.”13 He loved selecting designer dresses for his daughters, Lynda and Luci, and for his wife.
Mrs. Johnson looked at me and then at her husband, and said, “Maybe Joe likes his tie the other way, darling.” With that, she had made it clear, nicely but quite firmly, that the President had overstepped.
I learned fast that Johnson used every waking minute of every day. He’d start around 6:30 or 7, going through several newspapers, watching the morning television shows, reading overnight cables and the Congressional Record, with paper clips attached to passages that referred to his programs and to speeches he’d had us plant with members of Congress in support of his policies. He ate breakfast in bed, drinking several cups of tea and giving orders to one of his aides, in the early years Jack Valenti, then Jake Jacobsen or Marvin Watson, and in the last year, Larry Temple or Jim Jones. One of them would arrive each morning to be available from the moment the President awoke. He spent much of this early-morning time on the phone with cabinet officers, especially Secretary of State Dean Rusk and McNamara, and any others of us who were working on problems of the moment.
After 8 A.M., other aides would gather at the President’s bedside when they had matters of pressing importance. If Mrs. Johnson had not gotten out of the couple’s big fourposter before aides began arriving, she would patiently lie there next to him, bed jacket on, covers modestly pulled up to her chin. Extraordinarily for a man with such a large ego and intense sense of mission, LBJ deeply loved his wife. He liked to have her close by and, always accommodating, she made herself appear as comfortable as she could, though we all sensed how awkward she must sometimes have felt. Eventually, Mrs. Johnson would say, “Now you boys look the other way,” or “Now you gentlemen get out of here just for a minute,” so that she could exit to the privacy of her dressing room next door.
Johnson would continue working with one or two aides throughout his morning toilet. He’d get out of bed, disrobe, get into his high-pressure shower, bringing the aide into the bathroom outside the shower as he continued to discuss whatever was at hand. He would be talking as he emerged drying himself and continue, standing naked as he shaved, brushed his teeth with an electric toothbrush, and combed his hair. Each morning, he’d take a small plastic container filled with pills-, mostly for his heart (he’d suffered a massive heart attack in 1955), toss the contents into his mouth, and go on speaking with them still there, making his point before washing them down with water.
Johnson worked in the Oval Office and presided at various White House ceremonies from late morning until lunch, which could be anywhere from 1 P.M. to late afternoon. After lunch, he would take a nap, usually lasting about forty-five minutes to an hour, for which he would undress and put on fresh pajamas. “The only way to relax is to peel off all your clothes and make believe you’re going to bed for the evening,” he told me.
He’d awake from his nap refreshed. Sometimes he would call to ask, “What’s going on? Who’d you have lunch with? What’re you doing?” Or to see if I had done what he’d asked earlier that day, or to issue new instructions. Then he’d shower and return to the White House offices, where he worked until late in the evening. Dinner, frequently shared by the aides he was working with when he got hungry, could be anywhere from 8:30 until after midnight.
Dinner would of course be earlier if there was a White House social event, which he sometimes turned into a working session.14 At a stag affair for top executives of Fortune 500 companies, with a sprinkling of celebrities, including actors Gregory Peck and Hugh O’Brian (TV’s Wyatt Earp), Treasury Secretary Henry (Joe) Fowler explained the President’s “speaker-writer” exercise to the guests. A basket with slips of paper would be passed around each table. Each guest was to draw a slip; one would be marked “Speaker,” the others would be marked “Writer.” The President would call on each table’s “speaker,” who was to rise and tell LBJ what was on his mind. The others at the table were to write the President later. Johnson promised to read all the letters (and he did).
After dinner, the President called on the speaker from each table. Some urged action on the economy, others supported the President on Vietnam, others offered help with education or the unemployed. When each had finished, the President led the applause.
Shortly after midnight, the President took Peck, O’Brian, and me up to his bedroom. We were served drinks, then the President stripped naked for his evening massage. As he lay on his massage table, he read memos from his night readingII aloud, talked, and joked, sometimes raucously, in high spirits. At 1 A.M. Lady Bird appeared in her nightgown. Seeing us there, she started to back out, but Johnson waved her in to “Say hello” to Peck and O’Brian, which she did with remarkable grace, and then left. As he became drowsy from the late hour and the massage, Johnson finally motioned us out and called Lady Bird in.16 He relished his wife’s pillow talk and was lonely when she was not there during the night.
I. The sculptor Jimilou Mason had such a hard time getting Johnson to stay off the phone and sit still that she finally did a piece of the President running, holding the base of a phone in one hand and the receiver up to his ear in the other.
II. Each night, Johnson would have on his bed night reading often exceeding one hundred pages, neatly wrapped in big folders usually tied with ribbon. The night reading included messages to Congress and speeches to edit, and scores of memos from aides with decisions to be made by checking lines (Approve—, Disapprove—”) or writing, “See me,” “Call me,” or some question, order, or epithet. He insisted that each memo bear the time as well as the date of writing. Because he went through his night reading with highly sharpened soft lead pencils, we could measure the level of his anger or impatience by the number of broken points apparent on any notes he sent back. Over the years I worked in the White House all but a handful of the hundreds of memos I sent him for night reading were acted on and returned to me the following morning.
"Taking on a character like LBJ was as daunting asone might imagine. This book helped me shape the role in a way that onlysomeone who actually knew the 36th president could. The book containsinsightful and honest details of this larger-than-life character, and allowedme to see the greatness of his impassioned hope, and the minutia of histroubled soul. He was indeed a Triumph and a Tragedy. Thank you Joe, forbringing him to life for me and millions of others."
"Just watching Johnson wheel and deal through Califano's eyes makes a rousing good story. Johnson's successors in the White House must still salivate at the kind of arm-twisting, ball-busting tactics that permitted the President to sweep through his legislative package."
"Joe Califano...had a ringside seat for LBJ's amazing success and dizzying descent. His highly entertaining and thoughtful memoir is the best description of the inner workings of the Johnson White House I have ever read and LBJ--inspiring, terrifying, funny and tragic--comes alive in a way no other writer has managed." | 2019-04-23T07:23:55Z | https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Triumph-Tragedy-of-Lyndon-Johnson/Joseph-A-Califano/9781476794761 |
Aim: Various metal oxides will be added to the hydrogen peroxide and the production of oxygen of the reaction mixture will determine catalysis. The volume of oxygen evolved will be observed and recorded to measure the reaction rate and the reaction rates of the different metal oxides will be compared.Scientific Background: Catalysis is the process by which the activation energy is lowered to allow the reaction to occur at less extreme conditions, during the process the catalyst does not under go any overall change. The catalyst reduces the activation energy by using a chemical route with activation energy less then the route, which would otherwise be taken in the absence of the catalyst. During catalysis the reacting substance usually undergoes a change or changes in oxidation state, therefore the catalyst must also be able to change its oxidation state. The s & p block metals possess or exhibit only one oxidation state. The reason being that their oxidation state depends on the removal of electrons from their outermost shell.The further removal of electrons will result in the penetration of stable inner shells that are filled with electrons. This would require an excessive amount of energy. As a result of this, the catalysts are not able to enter their different oxidation states and this therefore does not allow them to successfully act like a catalyst. Transition metals can form ions, which have D orbitals, which are partially filled with electrons. D orbitals are the outer most shells and they can hold up to 10 electrons and they also have similar energy levels, which allows them to overlap within each other. It is this process which allows the transition metals to have various oxidation states. The orbital possess the same energy, which enables transition metal ions to enter their different oxidation states. This therefore allows them to act as catalysts. As there are more spaces for electrons to be lost and gained the reaction can take place faster and better.The general equation for the experiment is:CATALYST2H2O2 O2+2H20From the equation it can be seen that Oxygen is produced in the reaction and this is what is being collected and measured in the gas syringe.Prediction: The transition metal oxides MnO2 (Manganese oxide), ZnO (Zinc Oxide) and CuO (Copper Oxide) will be compared with SiO2 (Silicon Oxide), A12O3 (Aluminium Oxide) and PbO (Lead Oxide) which are transitional metal oxides to see their action on hydrogen peroxide and therefore see if only the transition metal oxide allow catalysis or that all metal oxides allow catalysis for this reaction.Apparatus:In the experiment, 20cm3 of water and 20cm3 of hydrogen peroxide will be used.The above apparatus is easy to use and will give quick results; a stop clock will be used to see how much gas is collected in a given time. The conical flask is used to keep the solution in and the rubber bung is placed on top firmly to prevent any loss of gas, which would obviously affect results.The following oxides will be chosen for the experiment: SiO2, A12O3, PbO, MnO2, ZnO and CuO. 1 gram of each oxide shall be usedSiO2, A12O3 and PbO are not transition metal oxide, whereas MnO2, ZnO and CuO are transition metal oxide. They will be used to compare the catalytic action if any of transition and non-transition metal oxide on hydrogen peroxide.1 gram of each oxide allows a sensible amount of oxide to be used without causing a dangerously vigorous reaction to occur.Variables:The following variables will be controlled throughout the experiment:Temperature can affect the reaction rate of H2O2 decomposition. Two molecules can only react if they have enough energy, by heating a mixture the energy levels will be raised of the molecules involved in the reaction. Therefore, by increasing the temperature the molecules will move faster and collide with each other more quickly. This will increase the rate of reaction and so the temperature will be kept constant throughout the experiment by carrying it out under room temperature.Concentration and volumes of the hydrogen peroxide must be kept constant because if there are more molecules of a particular substance in a certain volume then there is more of a chance of the molecules colliding with each other. The frequency of collisions is increased which increases the rate of reaction. Thus the hydrogen peroxide must be kept constant for each run of the experiment with a metal oxide. The amount of oxide must also be kept constant for the same reasons.Particulate size could affect the rate of reaction as if the particle sizes are larger then the rate of reaction will be slower because there is a smaller surface area for the substance to react on. By crushing the catalysts to have the same particle sizes this can be controlled.The key variable is the one, which will be the one, which is varied in the experiment. In this case it will be the metal oxide used in the experiment, which will be varied.Preliminary Experiment:A preliminary experiment was carried out using the same apparatus and the catalysts used were manganese oxide, iron oxide and lead (iv) oxide. The manganese oxide worked well as a catalyst but no results could be collected as the reaction went to quickly. This is most probably due to the amount of oxide being too much. No results were collected for iron oxide, and lead (iv) oxide because they did not produce any gas and therefore did not work as catalysts. The apparatus seemed appropriate however, a clamp stand was not used to hold the syringe up and so the apparatus can be modified so that the gas syringe is supported by the clamp stand. The other modifications, which need to be made, are the catalysts being used and amount of oxide. The amount of oxide used in the preliminary experiment was 2 grams and so this can be reduced to 1 gram to decrease the rate of the reaction so that a good set of results can be collected.Method:1 – Measure out using a measuring cylinder 20cm3 water and 20cm3 hydrogen peroxide and add to a conical flask.2- Using the balance to weigh out accurately 1 gram of MnO2.3- Using the filter paper used to weigh the oxide add the oxide to the hydrogen peroxide, and immediately stopper the flask with the connecting tube attached to the bung.4- Immediately start the stop clock and see how much gas is collected the gas evolved will push the syringe itself; therefore do not touch the syringe. Readings should be taken every 10 seconds.5- Record how much gas if any is collected until the syringe stops moving itself.6- Repeat the experiment with MnO2 so three sets of results can be collected to find an average.7- Do 1-6 with the remaining oxides and tabulate the results.Safety:* Hydrogen peroxide is a corrosive liquid and should therefore be used sensibly and eye and skin contact should be prevented.* Manganese IV Oxide is harmful and again skin contact should be avoided.* An overall should be worn when handling hydrogen peroxide.* Goggles should be worn when adding the oxide to the peroxide, although they are not needed throughout the rest of the experiment.Reliability of Results:* When collecting the gas, the attachment of the rubber bung should be very quick to minimise any loss of gas.* The hydrogen peroxide should be measured out accurately. The oxides should also be weighed accurately using an accurate balance.* The oxides should all be in solid powdered form and not in any other form, as this will effect how the catalysts react with the hydrogen peroxide. If the surface area is different on the catalysts then they will react more/less violently.* The apparatus should be cleaned after each run with water to remove any impurities that may affect the next experiment.* The timing of each experiment should be accurate and a digital stop clock should be used.All theses steps should ensure that reliablePrecision and Accuracy:* The balance is a precision instrument with an accuracy of 0.01 grams. This is sufficient for the task at hand.* The syringe is accurate to 1cm3, however it can be seen when the syringe marker is halfway through the points so the results can be recorded to an accuracy of 0.5cm3.Results: The following tables show the amount of oxygen evolved from each catalyst and the three readings taken are also listed.Time from start of exp. (s)Volume of gas produced by MnO2 (cm3)Reading 1Reading 2Reading 3Average109.56.54.56.82015.512.511.513.23024191720.04029.5272527.25035.536.52933.7604444.536.541.770494843.546.88054.55249.552.09057.5565255.210060.562.556.559.811064.56460.563.01206868.56466.813074726871.314076757374.7150827977.579.516087.583.58083.717093.588.583.588.51809593.58691.5190100948894.02001009590.595.2The line graph on the next page shows the average amount of oxygen produced by manganese oxide against time in seconds. Adding up all the readings and dividing by all the readings taken i.e. 3 have found the average.The following table shows the amount of oxygen evolved in a certain amount of time from the catalyst PbO.Time from start of exp. (s)Volume of gas produced by PbO (cm3)Reading 1Reading 2Reading 3Average104554.72055.55.55.3306666.04076.56.56.7507.576.57.0607.576.57.0707.576.57.0807.576.57.0907.576.57.01007.576.57.01107.576.57.01207.576.57.01307.576.57.01407.576.57.01507.576.57.01607.576.57.01707.576.57.01807.576.57.01907.576.57.02007.576.57.0On the next page is a graph with a line of best fit representing the results in the last column above, which represents the average results.The following table shows the amount of oxygen evolved in a certain amount of time by the catalyst Al2O3.Time from start of exp. (s)Volume of oxygen produced by Al2O3 (cm3)Reading 1Reading 2Reading 3Average103232.7203232.73032.53.53.0403.543.53.7503.543.53.7603.54.543.87044.544.28044.544.2904544.31004544.31104.55.544.71204.55.54.54.81304.55.54.54.814055.54.55.015055.54.55.016055.555.217055.555.218055.555.219055.555.220055.555.2On the following page the graph for the results above has been included. Only the average results are shown.The following table shows how much gas is evolved from the catalyst Copper Oxide (CuO):Time from start of exp. (s)Volume of oxygen produced by CuO (cm3)Reading 1Reading 2Reading 3Average102322.3203433.3304544.3405655.3505.575.56.06067.55.56.3706.5866.8807.58.567.3908967.71008.5967.811099.568.21209.51068.51301010.568.8140101169.0150101169.0160101169.0170101169.0180101169.0190101169.0200101169.0The graph on the following page shows the average amount of gas produced by Copper oxide in a certain amount of time.The following table shows the amount of oxygen produced by Silicon Oxide (SiO2) on every run of the experiment.Time from start of exp. (s)Volume of gas produced by SiO2Reading 1Reading 2Reading 3Average101121.3202232.330333.53.2403.543.53.750453.54.2604.553.54.3704.553.54.3804.553.54.3904.553.54.31004.553.54.31104.553.54.31204.553.54.31304.553.54.31404.553.54.31504.553.54.31604.553.54.31704.553.54.31804.553.54.31904.553.54.32004.553.54.3The graph on the next page shows the average amount of gas produced by Silicon Oxide.The table shows the amount of oxygen evolved from the hydrogen peroxide solution and the Zinc oxide catalyst.Time from start of exp. (s)Volume of gas produced by ZnO (cm3)Reading 1Reading 2Reading 3Average106444.7207.5566.2308677.0409788.05010899.0601191010.070129.51110.88012.51011.511.3901310.51211.810013.51112.512.311014.511.51313.0120151213.513.513016121414.014016121414.015016121414.016016121414.017016121414.018016121414.019016121414.020016121414.0On the next page is a graph to show the average amount of oxygen evolved from zinc oxide and hydrogen peroxide solution.Analysis:It can be seen that there is a pattern in the results and this pattern indicates that as the reaction starts more and more gas is produced but as it continues the reaction begins to slow down and not as much gas is produced as the volume of reactants is decreasing. The reaction finishes when no more oxygen is produced. There is a directly proportional relationship between the time and the volume of gas produced; as time increases more gas is produced however, this is only up to a certain point, when the reaction is running at its highest potential it can no longer produce oxygen. Giving the example of manganese oxide, at 20 seconds it was at 15cm3 and then at 70 seconds it was 49cm3. This re-enforces the conclusion gathered above. However, from the graphs of the other catalysts, it can be seen that they differ from manganese oxide.Each graph has to be analysed individually as they each follow a slightly different pattern. Below each graph has been analysed to further show what they allude to.Graph 1 shows the amount of oxygen evolved with the transition metal catalyst manganese oxide. It can be noticed instantly that as times increases the volume of gas being produced increases however, the gradient of the curve decreases i.e. the volume of oxygen being evolved rapidly decreases. It can be seen that at the beginning the line of best fit is steepest and so this shows that the reaction is running at its best towards the beginning. It can be seen that more gas is being produced at the beginning, if one looks between 20 and 30 seconds the difference between the amounts of gas evolved is 6.8cm3 and between 180 and 190 seconds the difference is 3.4. This shows that the rate of reaction is decreasing because the catalyst can no longer produce anymore oxygen and the reaction is running at its highest. The maximum amount of gas evolved from manganese oxide is 95.5cm3.Graph 2 shows the amount of oxygen evolved with the metal oxide Lead oxide. It can be seen that at first the amount of gas is increasing by a large amount each time but as time goes on the difference in the amount of gas produced is decreasing. This shows that the reaction is slowing down and the reactants have been used up in the reaction so there is no more gas being produced.Graph 3 shows the amount of oxygen evolved with the metal oxide aluminium oxide. It can be seen that initially there is a steep increase in the volume of gas evolved over the first 10 seconds. There is then a gradual increase over the next 80 seconds after which point the graph begins to plateau. After 160 seconds no more gas is evolved from the reaction as it has produced as much as it can. The reaction has ended as all the reactants have reacted together.Graph 4 shows the amount of oxygen evolved with the transition metal catalyst copper oxide. It can be seen that there is a steady increase in gas that is being evolved. There are very few anomalous results on the graph and they have been circled. They could have occurred due to misreading the gas syringe and recording incorrect results.Graph 5 shows the amount of oxygen evolved with the metal oxide silicon oxide. The gas evolves quite slowly and the reaction completes in 60 seconds.Graph 6 shows the amount of oxygen evolved with the transition metal catalyst zinc oxide. The reaction starts off very quickly and completes in between 130-140 seconds.As the prediction made was to compare the transition metal oxides to metal oxides it could be seen from the graphs that MnO2, CuO and ZnO work best as catalysts as they produce the most amount of gas. The other catalysts did not work as well and did not produce very good results. The reason for the transition metals to work so well is because transition metal atoms have the space and energy to allow the catalysts to have variable oxidation states whereas the other metal oxides are not capable of doing this as they do not have the same set of sub-shells as the transition metal oxides. The transition metal oxides have d-orbitals, which is a sub-shell with similar levels of energy, which allows the electrons to overlap and jump from being in one oxidation state to another. However, the metal oxides do not have d-orbitlas but just S and P sub-shells.Evaluation:The experimental techniques that were used can be said to be suitable for the task at hand. It can be said at with some catalysts the techniques may have been unsuitable however the reason for them being suitable are:1. The results obtained for some of the catalysts shows clear trend and patterns eluding to the fact that the procedure used was suitable.2. The trends and patterns identified directly correlate with the hypothesis at the beginning and the outcome of the procedure expected.3. The procedure allowed the volume of oxygen evolved to be measured.The reliability of results was high as the difference between repeated readings was small which re-enforces the reliability of the results. The procedure allowed all variables to be controlled, the temperature and concentration were maintained well and the particulate size was maintained by crushing the catalysts to the same size. The apparatus allowed precise results to be collected. Evidence for this is that the difference between repeated readings is small and the amount of anomalous results is small thus the number of errors must be small.The plan and method that was used for this experiment can be said to be very good. The reason being that both fulfilled their intended tasks. Before the investigation, it was desired to find how different metal catalysts affect the rate of reaction and to draw conclusions, which did or did not cohere to the prediction made. This was achieved as it could be seen whether transition metal catalysts and metal catalysts had an affect on the rate of reaction.As in any investigation, errors were present despite the fact that prior to the investigation all such errors were minimised. Below the errors and problems encountered are discussed along with the improvements that could be made to avoid these problems:1. The volume of gas on the syringe could have been misread which would lead to inaccuracy of results. This could be one reason for why some anomalous results would have appeared. This can be avoided by2. The stopper was not being placed on the conical flask quick enough and so much gas was lost during this time. By the time the stopper was placed onto the conical flask, the reaction was coming to an end. To prevent further loss of gas in future experiments the following could be done:* Another individual could be asked to place the stopper on, however in this process some gas will still be lost.* A divider flask could be used which is a conical flask that is split into two sections. If the catalyst is placed in one section and the solution is another the divider flask will allow the reactants to be separate for long enough so that the stopper can be placed on. Once this has been done, the conical flask can be tipped over slightly to let the reactants mix. | 2019-04-23T10:15:20Z | https://woodstock-online.com/essay-various-metal-oxides/ |
We found this photo in Brian's father's massive (and massively disorganized) collection after he passed away in April 2011. Ed Palmer—known to his Southern kin as "Eddie," "Ed Lee," or "Eddie Lee"—stands second from left, next to his sister Ethelyn Springs and behind the headstone of his paternal grandfather, Mat(t)hew Palmer. The other headstone, we have come to believe, is that of his grandmother, Julia Fox Palmer.
Ed/Eddie/Ed Lee was 15 years old in 1943 when the U.S. Navy invoked eminent domain and took his family's land—located in a patchwork of largely African American communities called Magruder—to build Camp Peary. Mat, born a slave in Amelia County, Virginia, and Julia, most likely enslaved in Gloucester County before the Civil War, had come to own that land sometime around the turn of the 20th century. They divided it up and passed it down to their 12 children, many of whom raised their own families on it.
We knew little of this when we first saw the photograph. Brian had heard the name Mat Palmer, but he knew nothing about his great-grandfather. Mat died in 1927, the year before Ed was born, and it seems the family didn't talk much about the past. Ed, who spent much of his life trying to leave Virginia behind, never got over the loss of his family's land—he remained deeply bitter until his death nearly 70 years later.
Camp Peary is now a top-secret military base. It is also a CIA training facility, colloquially known as the Farm. The base is closed to the public except through explicit permission from the powers that be.
Camp Peary, York County, Virginia, circa 1998.
After months of back-and-forth with Camp Peary officials, Brian succeeded in securing permission to visit, along with a small group of family members, the cemetery where his great-grandparents are buried. Camp Peary, Virginia, February 2012.
Old Orchard Cemetery, Camp Peary. If the age chiseled on Mat's headstone is accurate—his birthdate fluctuates over the years, but what's here is consistent with later records—he would have been born in 1840 or 1841, well before the outbreak of the Civil War. When we tell people what we know about Brian's great-grandfather, they often ask, "Do you mean great-great-grandfather?" No, just one great. Mat and Julia had 13 children, 12 of whom survived to adulthood. One of those children, Brian's grandfather Lewis, a.k.a. Big Daddy, was born circa 1884. He and his wife, Amelia Whiting Palmer, had seven children of their own, the last of whom was Brian's father, Ed, born in 1928. Ed was 36 years old when Brian was born. So the link between Brian and a man who was enslaved for the first 20-plus years of his life is a close one.
Brian was granted permission for another quick visit to Old Orchard several months after we visited as a group. It would be another year and a half before we were allowed back on base—this time without cameras.
Across the South during the Civil War, thousands of enslaved African Americans sought freedom behind Union lines. It was here, at Fort Monroe on the tip of the Virginia Peninsula, that Union General Benjamin Butler refused to return three escaped men to their Confederate master, shrewdly claiming them as “contraband of war.” Wartime law allowed Butler to seize the “property” of those rebelling against the United States, and that’s precisely what Confederates considered their slaves to be.
On this freezing winter's day more than 150 years later, the fort was not an especially hospitable place. Of course, it was not especially hospitable to the thousands of freedom seekers who fled there, either. According to the late historian Robert Engs, "The hostility exhibited by many Union army troops toward escaping slaves was [a] precursor of generalized Northern antipathy toward blacks that became more apparent during Reconstruction. The army's first concern was always control of, rather than assistance to, blacks. Blacks were deemed incompetent, unfit to determine their own best interests. Though some Northerners tempered this attitude with paternalistic concern for black well-being, the underlying belief of incompetency remained" (Freedom's First Generation: Black Hampton, Virginia, 1861–1890).
Brian's great-grandmother, Julia Fox Palmer, was born circa 1853 in Gloucester County, across the York River from York County, where she and Mat would marry in July 1873 and eventually settle. Her parents were Samuel and Elsie Fox—that's as far back as we can go—and she had at least two siblings: an older brother, Moses, and a younger sister, Martha. Where precisely she was born, and who might have owned her, remains a mystery—one that we are working to solve. It is possible that she was enslaved by a descendant of Captain John Fox, who died in 1785 at Greenwich, his plantation home in Petsworth Parish, Gloucester County.
Another mystery: Julia's parents and siblings appear in the extraordinary 1865 "Census of the Colored Population in York County, Virginia," filed among the many invaluable documents of the Freedmen's Bureau. In March of that year, the four Foxes are living on Warren Farm, one of the abandoned properties confiscated by the U.S. government and settled by freedpeople along the York River. Julia, however, is missing. She would have been about 12 years old at the time. Is it possible that she'd been separated from her family when they fled Confederate-held Gloucester County, across the York River, for Union lines at Yorktown? Had the family already been divided by sale? She doesn't reappear in the historical record until 1870, living in York County with her parents and siblings, and a young woman named Lucy Fisher. According to the census, she was working as a servant in a private home. After her marriage in 1873, she vanishes again until the late 1890s. Moses, meanwhile, goes on to be elected constable of Bruton District during Reconstruction's last gasp.
Julia died in 1910 and is buried, we believe, next to her husband of nearly 40 years.
On New Year's Day, neither of us was in a mood befitting the first of the year. So we got in the car and crossed the James River, bound for Surry County. We were looking for Poplar Lawn Cemetery, since our research had led us to believe that some of our Surry people might be buried there. We didn't find any family names on the headstones we uncovered, many of which were thickly overgrown and buried in desiccated leaves, but we were invigorated by the search. So many graves are unmarked, and so many are hidden or forgotten — not just here but all over Virginia — that we most likely won't find the ones we went looking for that day. But it's the looking that matters. Poplar Lawn Cemetery, Surry County, Virginia, January 2014.
Moonrise on the south bank of the James River. It's hard not to be lulled by the tranquil beauty of the water, which at this bend in its course stretches out for several miles with barely a ripple. The placidity belies a tragic past. Just upriver, on the other side, is Jamestown—the first permanent English colony in North America, founded in 1607 and now a historical site administered by the National Park Service. Barely ten years after the establishment of the ill-fated outpost, the first enslaved Africans were brought ashore at Old Point Comfort (in today's Hampton) before being shipped to Jamestown. "After the first 1619 shipload, some 100,000 more enslaved Africans would sail upriver . . . Lying in chains in the holds of slave ships, they could not see the land until they were brought up on deck to be sold," writes Edward Baptist in The Half Has Never Been Told. "After the legal Atlantic slave trade to the United States ended in 1807, hundreds of thousands more enslaved people passed [Old Point Comfort]. Now they were going the other way, boarding ships at Richmond, the biggest eastern center of the internal slave trade, to go by sea to the Mississippi Valley."
Poring over old photographs with our cousin Ann Palmer Jones one winter afternoon at her home in Lightfoot, on the northern fringe of Williamsburg. Ann saves everything, she says — and she remembers everyone's name, too.
Mt. Pilgrim Baptist Church was founded on the second Sunday in July in 1897 by men and women whose descendants are still members of the congregation—Palmers, Harrolds, Druitts, Smiths, Joneses, Ashbys, Barlows. Mat Palmer was a founding member and one of the first deacons. In 1986, this sturdy brick building replaced the original white frame structure that stood on the same land.
Our cousins, Ann Palmer Jones and Dot Palmer Harrold, born a year and a half apart, in 1936 and 1935, respectively. On the fourth Sunday of every month, they sing in one of Mt. Pilgrim's choirs, a group called the Echoes, of which they are founding members. Their mother, Margaret Barlow Palmer, was another founder — in 1954, nearly 60 years ago.
Even though Brian is 30 years younger than Ann and Dot, they share one set of great-grandparents. Mat and Julia Palmer raised 12 children, five sons among them, including the thrice-married John Frank Palmer. He had five sons by his first wife; Lieutenant Palmer Sr., Ann and Dot's father, was the youngest of those boys. He passed away in 1974. His father outlived him by 12 years.
Edna Roberts, born in 1929, is a lifelong resident of Williamsburg. She and Brian's dad, Eddie, went to school together from the sixth grade on, first at James City County Training School and then at Bruton Heights. She would have gone to college if she could have, but she was the oldest of seven children, money was scarce, and the local university—William & Mary, a state school—did not admit African Americans. (W&M remained closed to black undergraduates until 1963. The first African American female students did not begin classes until fall 1967.) Instead, she went to work.
While Edna did not experience the pain of displacement herself, her grandparents did. In a precursor to events in Magruder, a long-standing African American community was evicted by the U.S. government in the years following World War I from land known as the Reservation. The Navy Mine Depot (now Naval Weapons Station–Yorktown) was created in its stead. Many of the families resettled in Grove, an unincorporated area outside Williamsburg where Brian's family resettled two decades later.
Edna was a favorite of her grandmother, who allowed her to sit outside with the elders (provided she kept quiet, of course—"I knew better than to talk when grown folks were talking") under the beechnut tree in the yard while they reminisced about life in the Reservation. Most of the men were oystermen who had worked the York River—but when they lost their land, they lost their livelihood as well.
"They really didn’t want to leave it," Edna recalls. "They worked in the water. When they came over here, they had to become farmers and work for Alex Harwood, who had this big farm. Some of them were lucky and got jobs on the railroad, but they were more or less lost when they got over here. They were very unhappy about leaving what they knew."
"No person shall . . . be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law"
Montpelier was home to James and Dolley Madison. Mr. Madison was the fourth president of the United States, one of the framers of the Constitution, and the architect of the Bill of Rights, which was ratified in 1791. Despite their lofty ideals, neither Madison nor his close friend Thomas Jefferson ever saw fit to emancipate the people they enslaved.
Current stewards of Montpelier have chosen to acknowledge Madison's slave ownership in a very visible way. This wooden skeleton is a partially reconstructed cabin in which an enslaved family might have lived. It is one of a cluster of buildings in progress that stand just steps away from the master's house.
Lexington, Virginia, was the first stop on our two-week tour of the South in July 2015. We arrived around lunchtime on Independence Day. American flags decorated businesses, homes, and T-shirts. As we walked toward Washington and Lee University, a pickup truck with a large Confederate battle flag planted in its bed rolled by.
The Lee Chapel is a simple and stunningly well-preserved building. Mark, a guide, directed our attention to the sculpture of Robert E. Lee, the college’s 11th president, in repose. “He’s sleeping, he’s not dead.” Actually, he is, and we were standing directly atop his crypt, where his wife, his children, and his parents also lie. His horse, Traveller, is interred there, too.
Paeans to the military legend and family man abound. His silk and leather slippers are on display. We did not see what we have learned from Robert Thompson, Eric Foner, and other historians. Lee rented out enslaved people and earned a profit from their labor. And he could be brutal, despite his much-vaunted gentility and supposed philosophical objection to the institution of slavery. We did not patronize the well-stocked gift shop.
We'd planned our stay in Asheville, North Carolina, more as a rest (and coffee) stop than a research destination. Fate intervened wonderfully.
At Waking Life Espresso, Aaron, the young barista, asked where we were from and what brought us to town. We mentioned our documentary and our interest in old African-American cemeteries. It so happened, he told us, that a team of local folks and professors had been working for years on the preservation of a black cemetery across town. This was the last thing we were expecting to encounter in Appalachia’s “it” city. We had to go see for ourselves.
The South Asheville Cemetery lies on rolling, wooded land behind St. John “A” Baptist Church. Some graves have modern headstones, others are marked with large rocks, and some are not marked at all. Time and human hands, it seems, have degraded and damaged the headstones (some have been toppled), but the cemetery, which predates the Civil War, is obviously well cared for.
"The arc of the moral universe is long"
Oversize shoe prints evoke the Selma-to-Montgomery marchers who made the 54-mile journey on foot to demand the right to vote for African Americans from segregationist governor George Wallace in early 1965. By the time the marchers reached the steps of the Alabama State Capitol, on March 25, their numbers had swollen to 25,000. It was here that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his now iconic "How Long, Not Long" speech.
We climbed to the top of those same steps, where to one side looms a Batman-ish statue of Confederate president Jefferson Davis, gripping his cape. The monument was presented to the state of Alabama in 1940 by the United Daughters of the Confederacy as part of their ongoing efforts to rewrite the history of the South, slavery, and the Civil War. No marker indicates where Dr. King stood.
An unplanned detour on our way south to New Orleans from Montgomery. We drove in the opposite direction of the voting rights march, first crossing the bridge into Selma by car, then crossing back over on foot. It was broiling hot, unlike the day in March 1965 when nonviolent protesters, led by Hosea Williams and John Lewis, were viciously attacked by Alabama state troopers and local police as they made their first attempt to march from Selma to Montgomery. Edmund Pettus, for whom the bridge is named, was a Confederate general and a Grand Dragon of the Alabama Ku Klux Klan.
We drove west from New Orleans along the River Road, which is bordered on one side not by the Mississippi River, at least not visibly, but by the levee. On the other side, the land is divided into long, narrow plantations—former slave labor camps, to use Edward Baptist's language—some still thickly planted with sugarcane.
We had read about the Whitney Plantation in the New York Times months before and had determined to make the trip from Richmond as soon as we could. The Whitney is unique among plantation museums, many of which serve as paeans to a mythologized antebellum past, in that it focuses almost exclusively on the story of the enslaved people who made the place run.
Here, in the Antioch Baptist Church, which was moved to the Whitney from Paulina, Louisiana, in 2001 and restored on-site, life-size sculptures of enslaved children by artist Woodrow Nash add a haunting dimension to the clean, well-lighted space. By age 10, children were considered adults and sent to the cane fields or to the auction block.
A cabin once inhabited by enslaved people (on a different plantation), with sugar kettles in the foreground.
A view of the big house from the slave jail. Metal structures such as this one—also called "hot boxes" because of the high temperatures inside—were used to hold enslaved people before sale. Many hotels in New Orleans—the largest slave market in the country in the decades leading up to the Civil War—had similar jails. We can attest to the heat. It was 96 degrees when we visited, and the walls were hot to the touch.
From the 1780s until the Civil War ended in 1865, nearly a million enslaved people were sold south and west from cities like Richmond and Norfolk, Baltimore and Washington, most of them destined for the cotton frontier. Forced migrants walked hundreds of miles, chained or tied together in coffles, driven for weeks and months by enslavers and their agents. They were among those who beat this path through the wilderness with their feet. The Natchez Trace stretches from Nashville, Tennessee, to Natchez, Mississippi, one of the biggest slave-trading towns in the country between the 1830s and the 1860s. We drove north and east, taking the Trace first to Jackson and then most of the way to Tupelo, in a symbolic reversal of the enslaved migrants' journey.
On our way to Columbia, South Carolina, from Gadsden, Alabama, we stopped in Rome, Georgia, where Henry Marcus Stripling—Erin's triple-great-grandfather, an illiterate farmer born circa 1829—is buried. His Civil War service stands out in relief atop the gravestone—H. M. STRIPLING CONFEDERATE SOLDIER.
On the eve of the war, according to the census, Henry was living in Carroll County, to the west of Atlanta on the Alabama state line, with his wife and three children; his personal property was valued at $75—not a lot of money, even in 1860. The following year, four months after the outbreak of war, Henry, along with one or more of his brothers, joined a Georgia unit of the Confederate army called Cobb’s Legion and seems to have served in some fashion until the very end, when his name appears on a list of prisoners of war surrendered at Appomattox in April 1865. Two years earlier, Henry had been hospitalized for a time in Richmond, at Chimborazo, the Confederacy’s largest medical facility. We now live just a few blocks away from where the hospital once stood.
It’s unlikely, given his net worth in 1860, that Henry himself owned slaves—we’ve not yet found any evidence that suggests he might have—but he nonetheless fought for years for a “country” that sought to preserve the institution of race-based slavery in perpetuity. There’s no denying this central fact, whatever Henry’s personal motivations might have been. Since he could neither read nor write, these are likely to remain a mystery.
Confederate monuments have pride of place in many of Virginia's small country towns. They’re not as grand as Richmond’s, but they usually stand uncontested, fiction fashioned into fact in our common spaces.
"Part of what happened in the mid-19th century was that after the Civil War, we could have and should have dealt with that insurgency, that act of treason, the way we deal with it in other contexts. Because we were uncommitted to the emancipation of people of color and much more worried about accommodating these Southern white interests, we allowed the South to create a new counter-narrative: The Civil War was not about slavery. It was not about anything that would be something you should be ashamed of. It was about states’ rights and local control, and we should be proud of these Confederate heroes and leaders. And slavery was just some inconsequential side issue. This narrative was designed to make people feel comfortable with their racialized hierarchy." | 2019-04-25T10:43:59Z | http://www.wokdocs.com/make-the-ground-talk |
Unexpected obstetric emergencies threaten the safety of pregnant women. As emergencies are rare, they are difficult to learn. Therefore, simulation-based medical education (SBME) seems relevant. In non-systematic reviews on SBME, medical simulation has been suggested to be associated with improved learner outcomes. However, many questions on how SBME can be optimized remain unanswered. One unresolved issue is how 'in situ simulation' (ISS) versus 'off site simulation' (OSS) impact learning. ISS means simulation-based training in the actual patient care unit (in other words, the labor room and operating room). OSS means training in facilities away from the actual patient care unit, either at a simulation centre or in hospital rooms that have been set up for this purpose.
The objective of this randomized trial is to study the effect of ISS versus OSS on individual learning outcome, safety attitude, motivation, stress, and team performance amongst multi-professional obstetric-anesthesia teams.
The trial is a single-centre randomized superiority trial including 100 participants. The inclusion criteria were health-care professionals employed at the department of obstetrics or anesthesia at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, who were working on shifts and gave written informed consent. Exclusion criteria were managers with staff responsibilities, and staff who were actively taking part in preparation of the trial. The same obstetric multi-professional training was conducted in the two simulation settings. The experimental group was exposed to training in the ISS setting, and the control group in the OSS setting. The primary outcome is the individual score on a knowledge test. Exploratory outcomes are individual scores on a safety attitudes questionnaire, a stress inventory, salivary cortisol levels, an intrinsic motivation inventory, results from a questionnaire evaluating perceptions of the simulation and suggested changes needed in the organization, a team-based score on video-assessed team performance and on selected clinical performance.
The perspective is to provide new knowledge on contextual effects of different simulation settings.
Care for pregnant and parturient women is a field where unexpected emergencies occur; for example, emergency Caesarean section, postpartum bleeding or severe pre-eclampsia, that may potentially harm both mother and baby [1–4]. Since obstetric emergencies are rare and hence by nature difficult to learn in real life, simulation-based medical education (SBME) is argued to be an essential remedy . SBME is defined as “a person, device, or set of conditions which attempts to present education and evaluation problems authentically. The student or trainee is required to respond to the problems as he or she would under natural circumstances” .
Labor wards have a dual function in creating a relaxed atmosphere for normal childbirth and at the same time showing readiness to deal with life-threatening emergencies . Labor wards are challenging work places and patient safety and medical litigation are high on the agenda [8–11]. In certain situations, clinical management of pregnant and parturient women may require the involvement of a variety of health-care professionals and medical specialties. The primary care team in a delivery room consists of a midwife assisted by an auxiliary nurse. In cases of emergencies, more experienced midwives and obstetricians will be called for assistance. If the clinical situation progresses further to an emergency, an anesthesiologist, a nurse anesthetist and the operating room personnel may become involved. Occasionally, involvement of other specialties may also be required, when a rather common clinical event has evolved into a potentially life-threatening situation calling for multi-professional and multi-disciplinary clinical management.
Such rare and complex clinical situations require complex skills, which cannot be trained and learned in clinical practice. Thus, there is a need for SBME in obstetric emergencies. In a systematic review of training in acute obstetric emergencies the authors applied the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies criteria. Out of 97 articles, only eight articles - four randomized trials and four cohort studies - assessing the effect of teamwork training in a simulation setting were identified. Based on these trials, it was concluded that teamwork training in a simulation-based setting resulted in improvements in knowledge, practical skills, communication, and team performance in acute obstetric situations. No difference in outcomes was found when comparing SBME in a dedicated simulation centre with SBME in a local hospital setting [13, 14].
From the non-systematic reviews on SBME [6, 15] and the obstetric systematic review we can conclude that SBME in labor wards is worthwhile, and that multi-professional and multi-disciplinary team training are important approaches due to the complexities of the trained skills and the rarity of the high-risk obstetric emergencies. However, we need to further study key elements of SBME in order to fully understand how we can best improve SBME in obstetric emergencies. One potential element influencing the effect of simulation might be the level of authenticity of the simulation or, in other words, the fidelity of the simulation. Fidelity is described as a multi-dimensional concept consisting of different parts: 1) physical/functional or engineering fidelity, which mean the degree to which the simulator duplicates the appearance and perception of the real system; 2) psychological fidelity is the degree to which the trainee perceives the simulation to be an authentic surrogate for the trained task. The literature states that psychological fidelity is considered to be the most essential requirement when conducting team training [16, 17]. The simulation setting has traditionally been 'off site simulation' (OSS), either at a simulation centre or in local facilities in the hospital set up for the single purpose of simulation training. However, more recently, a new simulation modality, the 'in situ simulation' (ISS), has been introduced. ISS is described by Riley and colleagues as “a team-based simulation strategy that occurs on the actual patient care units involving actual healthcare team members within their own working environment”. An unanswered question is whether ISS is superior compared with OSS with regards to simulation-based learning in obstetric emergencies? We hypothesized that the psychological fidelity is influenced by the setting in which the simulation training is conducted, and that ISS can add to the level of fidelity and therefore be more effective.
Apart from a few larger observational studies within different medical specialties [18–20], most of the studies conducted on ISS describe a local educational intervention with a local ISS program. Methodologically, the studies are descriptive and few include a control group or pre- and post-tests, and we have not been able to identify any randomized trials . It is argued that ISS can identify system weaknesses because ISS takes place in the real working environment and, therefore, potentially has more psychological fidelity as opposed to OSS [18–22], and ISS can be used to test how new processes are functioning in clinical facilities . Some argue that ISS overcomes feasibility issues and is cost saving compared to OSS in simulation centers [24, 25]. ISS can consist of either an announced training event or an unannounced event. Anderson and colleagues focused on unannounced ISS and its potential disadvantages, and argued how unannounced ISS is time consuming and may intimidate participants.
Human factors such as stress and motivation impact learning [27–31]. Studies show that simulation can be a stressor. High stress responsiveness has been associated with both enhanced and impaired performance, but with enhanced learning . As such, further exploration of these issues is needed. Experimental studies have used unspecific measurements of stress level , and different stress inventories as well as measurements of salivary cortisol levels [28, 33–36]. Motivational processes are central to learning [27, 30, 37], and as part of this trial we will investigate phenomena such as intrinsic motivation, and how this is moderated by the two different training settings (ISS versus OSS). We hypothesize that, in simulation-based training in obstetric emergencies, ISS is more effective than OSS regarding learning. We anticipate that the participants will experience ISS as more demanding, and that ISS will create higher levels of stress and motivation, which may yet again enhance learning. Further, we hypothesize that ISS training may provide the investigators with more information on changes needed in the organization than OSS training will. Randomized trials are needed to obtain knowledge on the effect of ISS versus OSS on participants and its advantages and disadvantages.
The design is a single-center, investigator-initiated randomized superiority trial.
The trial was undertaken at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, in an obstetric and anesthesia high-risk department with approximately 6,600 deliveries per year. The intervention period was scheduled to run through April to June 2013, and follow-up by questionnaires until August 2013.
All health-care professionals from the department of obstetrics and anesthesia, Juliane Marie Centre for Children, Women and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, working on or in relation to the labor ward, were eligible for inclusion in the trial. These health-care professional groups, who were working on shift, encompassed: specialized obstetricians; trainee obstetricians; midwives; specialized midwives; auxiliary nurses; specialized anesthesiologists; trainee anesthesiologists; nurse anesthetists; and surgical nurses. Participants gave informed consent. Exclusion criteria were lack of informed consent, employees with managerial and staff responsibilities, staff members involved in the design or conduction of the trial, and finally employees who did not work in shifts.
Randomization was done by the Copenhagen Trial Unit, using a computer-generated allocation sequence concealed to the investigators. The randomization was conducted in two steps. The participants were individually randomized into the experimental group (ISS) or the control group (OSS). The allocation sequence was stratified according to health-care professional groups in order to resemble authentic teams and according to the days they were available for training. After individual randomization, the participants in either group (ISS and OSS) were randomized into five teams each.
This trial included an experimental educational intervention ISS [18, 21], which means training in the actual patient care unit (in other words, the labor room and operating theatre). The experimental intervention in the present trial was pre-announced ISS. We planned to conduct announced ISS training, as the complexity of conducting unannounced ISS sessions with the involvement of health-care professionals on a larger scale is unrealistic taking into consideration work schedules and the daily clinical work activities. Training of the control group (OSS) took place in training rooms that were set up for the occasion in the hospital, but away from the actual patient care unit.
The simulated scenarios applied in the trial were contained in a full training day. The development of the curriculum for the training day was based on an instructional design approach [38, 39] and was developed and pilot tested by a local multi-professional working committee. In January 2012 this working committee was appointed by the managerial groups of the departments of anesthesia and obstetrics and consisted of representatives from all the health-care professionals who will participate in the trial. This working committee developed aims and objectives based on the principles of Blooms taxonomy , and the aims and objectives were approved by the management groups. The simulated scenarios in ISS and OSS were designed in a way that involved both the labor room setting and the operating theatre, to specifically focus on the patient journey and the communication amongst health-care professionals during patient transfers, where many different health-care professionals and different medical disciplines are involved. This approach to training was chosen based upon previous experience with obstetric simulation-based training conducted in the obstetric department [32, 41] and was designed in accordance with the overall plan of strategy of the obstetric department and the anesthesia department, Juliane Marie Centre for Children, Women and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet .
In the labor room, a simulated patient acted as the patient. In the operating room, a full body interactive birthing simulator, a SimMom, was the patient . The SimMom simulator offers the functionality required for training in a wide range of midwifery, obstetric and anesthesia skills, and the anatomy and functionality of the SimMom allows for multi-professional training of labor and delivery management. Standardized clinical simulated scenarios were designed and, combined with pre-programmed scenarios on the SimMom, this allowed for standardized training. The educators were recruited from the local working committee, and all educators were trained to run the scenarios in a standardized way and in facilitating the simulation scenarios and debriefing the participants.
In addition, the training day also included some video-based, case-based and lecture-based teaching sessions. Also, on the simulation days, data related to the trial were collected in the form of written multiple choice questions (MCQ), questionnaires on subjective stress and salivary cortisol samples (Table 1). Training days were scheduled into the individual employee’s working plan. Figure 1 gives an overview of the randomization and intervention procedure as well as outcomes.
1. simulation: video recordings. Video assessment by independent assessors.
Randomized trial of ‘ in situ simulation’ (ISS) versus ‘off site simulation’ (OSS): randomization, intervention and outcome measurements.
The participants and the educators providing the educational intervention, and the assessors observing and assessing videos, were not blinded to the intervention. The data managers, statisticians and investigators drawing conclusions will be blinded to the allocated intervention groups.
Table 2 provides an overview of the variables, outcomes and accompanying statistical analyses. Table 2 is inspired by the SPIRIT 2013: Explanation and elaboration: guidance for protocols of clinical trials . See Table 1 for the time schedule for obtaining measurements.
Inventory 20 item (interval 20 to 80).
The table is inspired by SPIRIT 2013: Explanation and elaboration: guidance for protocols of clinical trials . ANOVA, analysis of variance.
The primary outcome is knowledge test results from MCQs. The mean values of results of the MCQs of the experimental and control group were tested at the end of the training day and will be compared.
Previous research on knowledge testing has found that written tests are able to predict results in performance-based testing [45, 46]. The argument for applying the MCQ is that it is feasible to test many participants in a relatively short time and at low costs . Previously used MCQ tests and 'knowledge of skills test' [13, 32] were used for inspiration, when constructing this new MCQ.
The MCQs were created as a 'one-best-answer' item format with three to five options, which requires the participants to select the single best response [47, 48]. The content of the MCQs were based on aims and objectives developed by the multi-professional working group appointed by the management and has been tested amongst all health-care professional in this local working group. The content validity was further tested among specialized obstetricians and specialized obstetric anesthesiologists. Subsequently, the MCQs were tested among midwifery students, medical students, trainee doctors and specialized obstetricians and specialized obstetric anesthesiologists from other hospitals and were found to be construct valid. During the statistical analysis, some items in the MCQ needed to be deleted. The description of development and results of the MCQs used in this trial will be reported in another publication.
The “Safety Attitudes Questionnaire” (SAQ) consists of 33 items on a five-point scale that is divided into six dimensions. SAQ was applied approximately 1 month prior to and approximately 1 month after the training day. The mean values on six different dimensions of the SAQ results from the experimental and control group will be compared 1 month after the training day. SAQ is an inventory used in several countries and also applied and validated in a Scandinavian context, and previously tested in Denmark [49–51].
Salivary cortisol (reflecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity) was used as a biological marker of stress levels. The Sarstedt Cortisol Salivette Device, provided by Neogen corporation 944 Nandino Blvd, Lexint KY 40511–1205 USA Product no. 402710, was used The analysis will be a duplicate analysis based on the Elisa Technique 405 nm, where 100 ul sample will be extracted and 50 ul in duplication will be used in the ELISA kit. Eight standards in ranges from 0.04 ng/ml up to 10ng/ml will be used in the assay together with a blanc control. The microtitterplate will be read in a dual wavelength set at 450 nm and 650 nm. In calculation of the data, the blanc background will be subtracted from all absorbance values before a non linear fit to the standard curve will be calculated.
The salivary cortisol sample was obtained before the simulation (baseline) and three times in relation to the simulations. The cortisol response will be measured as increased salivary cortisol from individual baseline to peak, and mean response values in the experimental and control group will be compared.
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-1) was administered before the simulations started (baseline) and twice following the simulations [52, 53]. It will reflect the subjective stress response. The peak level of subjective stress response will be used and mean values in the experimental and control group will be compared.
Cognitive appraisal [31, 36, 54] was assessed before and after each scenario, using the method described by Tomaka ; in other words, primary appraisal was examined by asking the participants to answer the question “how stressful do you expect the upcoming task to be?” Secondary appraisal was measured by asking the participants “how able were you to cope with this task?” The participants indicated their answers on an anchored ten-point Likert scale. An index of cognitive appraisal will be calculated as the ratio of the primary appraisal (task) to the secondary appraisal (resource). If the resources are assessed as being greater than the task demands, the situation is appraised as a 'challenge'. If the task demands were appraised as being greater than the resources, the situation is appraised as a 'threat' .
“Intrinsic Motivation Inventory” consists of 22 items on a seven-point scale that is divided into four dimensions. It was administered as a questionnaire approximately 1 week after the training day . The median values in the experimental and control group will be compared.
A questionnaire was administered to evaluate participant perceptions of the simulations and the debriefing approximately 1 week after the training day. This questionnaire included questions on a Likert scale about personal perceptions of the scenario (that is, learning, realism, cooperation between health-care professionals, own role in the team, et cetera) and whether the simulation training scenarios inspired the participants to suggest organizational change proposals (that is, changes in guidelines, practical things, et cetera). The data will be treated as ordinal data at the item level. The median values in the experimental and control group will be compared.
Team performance score will be assessed by independent observers through reviewing video recordings of the scenarios. A validated rating scale “Team Emergency Assessment Measure” developed by Cooper and colleagues [55, 56] will be used. The median scores of the performance in the experimental and control group will be compared.
Clinical performance in the simulated setting will be assessed by the independent assessors through the reviewing of video recordings of the scenarios. The assessment score is based on data such as minutes passed from the scenario starts till decision was made about operation, minutes from decision making before operation was initiated, and whether medications such as uterotonics were administered or not. The mean score of the performance in the experimental and control group will be compared.
There are no data on training effectiveness of ISS upon which to base sample size calculations. We chose to calculate the required sample size based on experience with knowledge tests from data in previous studies [13, 32]. We were planning a trial of a continuous response variable from independent control and experimental participants with one control per experimental participant. We assumed the response within the experimental and the control group to be normally distributed with a standard deviation of 24%. If the true difference in the experimental and control means was 17%, we needed to study 32 experimental participants and 32 control participants (a total of 64) to be able to reject the null hypothesis; that is, that there was no difference in population means of the experimental and control groups with a probability of (power) 80%. The two-sided type I error probability associated to test this null hypothesis was 5%.
As the intervention was delivered in teams (clusters), observations on participants in the same team were likely to be correlated. Hence the effective sample size was less than that suggested by the actual number of individual participants. The reduction in effective sample size depends on the intra-class or cluster correlation coefficient (ICC) [57, 58]. In order to adjust the sample size for this, the crude sample size calculated above needed to be multiplied by the design effect. The cluster size was ten, as there were ten participants in each team, and we assumed the ICC to be 0.05 . Design effect = 1 + (cluster size – 1) × ICC → design effect = 1.45. Accordingly, the sample size was then 64 × 1.45 = 92.8 participants. We therefore planned to include 100 participants in the experimental and control groups (50 in each group) each of which consists of five teams of 10 participants in each arm. Statistical methods for the primary and exploratory outcome of the hypotheses are laid out in Table 2, and also the statistical methods are described. The intervention was delivered in teams, which means that participants were clustered within teams. Since observations from individuals in the same team are potentially correlated we will use generalized estimating equations (GEE) in the parametric analyses to take this cluster effect into account. The statistical analysis will be adjusted for health-care professional groups. The experimental group (participants or teams in ISS) will be compared against the control group (participants or teams in OSS) for all analyses. The results will be expressed by means with standard deviations and confidence intervals, as well as by medians with percentiles. Associated P-values and effect sizes will be reported.
For the interval scale data, linear regression will be used to analyze changes between the experimental and the control group from baseline to peak. GEE will be used to take the clustered nature of the data into account. Non-parametric statistical analyses will be used for the ordinal scale data. Medians and percentiles will be reported and the Mann–Whitney U test will be used. Individual responses to the evaluation questionnaire are measured on a Likert scale and will be treated as ordinal data and analyzed at the item level.
To take missing data into account, all analyses will be performed as intention-to-treat analyses. Missing data will be handled by multiple imputation techniques. For all tests, we will use 2-sided P-values with alpha < 0.05 being the level of significance. We will use the Benjamin-Hochberg method to adjust for multiple testing .
Participants are health-care professionals and neither patients nor patient data are used in the trial. The trial complies with the current version of the Declaration of Helsinki on biomedical research and with the Act on Processing of Personal Data. Relevant approval from The Regional Ethics Committee (protocol number H-2-2012-155) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (Number 2007-58-0015) are obtained. The trial is registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov with number NCT01792674.
The training program was planned to take place during normal working hours and participants were paid full salary for their attendance. No further compensation was given to participants. Participation was voluntary and the participants could withdraw from the trial at any time.
Participants were assured that their personal data, data on questionnaires, salivary cortisol samples and video-recordings will remain anonymous during analyses and reporting. The participants were asked to respect the confidentiality of their observations about colleagues’ performance in the simulated setting.
The eligible participants were informed at conferences, meetings, on a web page , by written notice on notice boards, and by a personal letter administered by the hospital local post distribution, which gave the participants the opportunity to make an informed decision about their participation in the trial. The eligible participants could obtain more written information from our web page and by contacting the principal investigator or another contact person directly. After receiving written and verbal information, eligible participants were asked to sign a consent form before being enrolled in the trial.
This is the first randomized trial investigating the effect of ISS versus OSS for SBME. An advantage of the trial is that it includes authentic teams of health-care professionals also involved in these clinical scenarios in real life. Several simulation-based studies are not performed on authentic teams and students have often been enrolled as they are more flexible and easier to include in trials. However, applicability of these data is questionable as results based upon undergraduate students may not necessarily apply to postgraduate employed health-care workers. Including authentic teams will probably be advantageous when interpreting the results and drawing conclusions.
However, the fact that authentic obstetric-anesthesia teams are trial participants - that is, fully employed health-care professionals - may carry feasibility problems. There will be a risk that situations arise in which real emergencies combined with lack of staff necessitate that some of the randomized health-care professionals will need to discontinue the trial participation. Further, there is a minor risk that a full team randomized to ISS needs to discontinue if a real life emergency situation necessitates the use of the rooms in the labor ward and operating theatre that were allocated to the trial for the day. Through our careful planning and cooperation with the managerial teams of the involved departments, this risk will be minimized.
A potential weakness is the fact that the trial is a single site trial, including only a moderate number of participants. There will also be a risk of contamination amongst teams, as the health-care professionals in the experimental team (ISS) intermingle with staff members allocated to the control group (OSS) and may share information. This may affect the generalizability of this study. Moreover, this trial only assesses surrogate outcomes for the relevant clinical outcome, that is, whether neonatal and maternal health fares better with ISS compared with OSS. However, being the first randomized trial comparing ISS with OSS, the trial has the potential to add some new insight with regards to the effect of authenticity in the setting for SBME and to inform future research in this field.
The sample size estimation has been based on data from other knowledge tests [13, 32], as there are no current data on knowledge testing, and on the effect of training effectiveness of ISS versus OSS. The sample size calculation is adjusted for clustering. However, we have no prior information about the ICC, and therefore this estimation is based on general recommendations [57, 58].
The primary outcome is a knowledge test. As alluded to above, it would have been more optimal to have neonatal and maternal health as clinical outcomes. However, this is not possible in the present trial, as a very high number of deliveries will be required to directly measure patient-relevant outcomes in obstetrics . However, there are educational studies indicating that a performance in a written knowledge test can relate to clinical performance in practice .
Given the nature of the trial, it will not be possible to blind the participants, the educators providing the educational intervention, or the assessors observing and assessing videos. This will give a risk of overestimating the beneficial effects of the experimental intervention [64, 65]. However, the allocated intervention group will be blinded for the data managers, statisticians and investigators drawing conclusions, and we will consider the risks of bias when drawing conclusions.
This trial can bring new information on SBME. The simulation setting has traditionally been OSS; however, an unanswered question is which advantages, if any, ISS can add to learning. Randomized trials are needed to obtain knowledge of advantages and disadvantages of ISS versus OSS. The study can potentially also inform the theory of fidelity of simulation . The results of this trial may also add knowledge to inform the political planning and decision making process during rebuilding and building of hospitals and simulation centers. It is important to know whether high-fidelity simulation centers should be prioritized as opposed to designing/building simulation rooms 'in situ' for future simulation-based education.
Planning of the trial was initiated in January 2012. Enrolment of participants was initiated in January 2013. The intervention is scheduled to start in April 2013 and will stop in June 2013. Follow-up by questionnaires will continue until August 2013.
The trial is mainly funded by a non-profit fund, the Danish Regions Development and Research Fund, and another non-profit fund, the Laerdal Foundation for Acute Medicine, has funded a minor part of the study. None of the funds have a role in the design or conduct of the study. The authors would like to thank the doctors, midwives and nurses taking part in the working committee planning the intervention, specifically midwife Pernille Langhoff-Roos for her contributions to detailed planning and recruitment of participants. The authors would like to thank Jørn Wetterslev for advice on potential impact of clustering effect. The authors would also like to thank Susanne Rosthøj and Karl Bang Christensen (Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen) for advice on the statistical plan, Solvejg Kristensen (Danish National Clinical Quality Improvement Programme) for advice on the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, and Per Bech (Psychiatric Research Unit, Mental Health Centre North Zealand, Denmark) for advice and a Danish edition of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.
The authors declare they have no financial or academic competing interests.
JLS created the idea of the trial. All authors made contributions to the design of this trial. BO and CVdV are supervisors of the trial. Acquisition of funding was done by JLS, supported by BO and HK. JLS, JL and CG have contributed to the sample size estimation and detailed designing of and execution of the randomization process. JLS, MJ, CKA, KE, BWP, DØ and VL made substantial contributions to the practical issues and logistics of the trial. PW contributed to the discussion, practical issues and logistics about testing salivary cortisol. JLS wrote the draft manuscript. All authors provided critical review of this paper and approved the final manuscript. | 2019-04-20T14:25:17Z | https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1745-6215-14-220 |
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In this tutorial we’ll work with data provided by Yelp to explore the powerful data curation features of Dremio. Unlike ETL or Data Prep tools, Dremio does not make copies of the data. Instead, users create virtual datasets, and all data transformation is performed on the fly as it is being accessed through Dremio’s Apache Arrow-based execution engine.
The raw data in this tutorial is provided as JSON, including a number of rich fields such as arrays and nested documents. We will work with this data “as is,” stored on the file system. Most of the tutorial applies if you happen to have this data in Elasticsearch or MongoDB.
If you’re running a multi-node Dremio cluster, you’ll want to place the JSON files on a NAS (identically mounted on all Dremio nodes), Hadoop cluster or Amazon S3. If you’re running a single-node Dremio cluster, you can place the files on the node’s local file system.
Click on the New Source button and add a “NAS” source. The NAS source supports network-attached storage, in the case of a multi-node Dremio cluster, as well as direct-attached storage (i.e., the local file system) in the case of a single-node Dremio cluster.
Name the new source “public,” and enter the desired file system path. In our example the Yelp JSON files are at /Users/jdoe/dev/data/yelp_dataset_challenge, so let’s add the path /Users/jdoe/dev/data.
Click the Save button, and you’ll see the main screen with the new data source.
Notice the folder yelp_dataset_challenge in the new source. Dremio makes all your data look like it’s part of a single relational database, with a hierarchical namespace. You can click on the folder name to see the actual files in it.
This means that if you connect an external tool like Power BI, Tableau or Qlik Sense to Dremio, you’ll see this dataset in the namespace.
Another way to convert a file into a physical dataset is by clicking on the conversion button on the right-hand side.
Let’s click the conversion button on the yelp_academic_dataset_checkin.json file. You should see the Dataset Settings dialog which allows you to specify the format of the file. In this case we have a newline-delimited JSON file, so there are no settings, but in the case of a CSV file, there are various settings that you can control, including the line and field delimiters.
Once you click Save, Dremio will automatically open up the dataset viewer on the new dataset.
Dremio enables you to curate data by interacting with the dataset in a visual manner, resulting in a new virtual dataset. Note that Dremio does not create a copy of the data, so there is no overhead to creating a new virtual dataset.
Let’s get started by curating the business dataset, which you’ll find by browsing to public.yelp_dataset_challenge or using the search box at the top (enter “business” in the search box).
In this dataset, the column named type contains the same value for all records, so let’s drop it. Click on the small arrow at the right-hand side of the column header to open the transformation menu, and select Drop.
As you do that, you’ll notice a couple changes on the screen (in addition to the column disappearing).
First, we’ve gone from a physical dataset, with a clear name and location, to a new dataset with the generic name “New Query”. Dremio never modifies your physical datasets (files, Oracle tables, Elasticsearch indexes/types, MongoDB collections, etc.). Any time you start your data curation journey from a physical dataset, the first change will automatically initiate a new, unsaved virtual dataset called New Query.
Second, the number of fields is now 15 instead of 16, which you’ll see in the Fields hyperlink at the top right.
Third, there’s a new dot in the dataset history bar. You can hover on it to see what the transformation was.
Dremio makes it easy to filter the records in a dataset based on the values of a column. The actual experience depends on the data type. You can filter by selecting Keep Only or Exclude from the transformation menu, or by selecting a value in one of the cells.
Let’s keep only the records corresponding to businesses in the state of Wisconsin. To do that, select the text WI in one of the cells of the state column and choose the Keep Only option.
At the top of the screen you’ll see that we are in the Keep Only action, using the Pattern method, which utilizes a pattern (or regular expression) to match the desired records.
Dremio automatically recommends a few possible patterns to use. Each pattern is represented by a two-sided card.
In this case, you can see that the first card represents the pattern “Contains WI”, meaning that values containing the two characters “WI” will match. The bar at the bottom of the card indicates that 947 records contain “WI”, and 9053 records do not. Note that Dremio is testing a sample of the records, rather than all records in the dataset.
You can also click on the small pencil icon to flip the card and edit the selected pattern.
In some cases you may want to filter the records via a more complex condition. In these cases, you can utilize the power of custom conditions. Let’s click on Custom Condition to see the expression editor. Here you can utilize hundreds of SQL functions, shown in the function selector on the right, to craft an expression that matches the desired records.
For example, if you wanted to keep only the businesses with short names, you could specify the expression LENGTH(“name”) < 10 (we use quotes here just because name is a reserved word).
Let’s change the filtering method to Values by clicking on the word Values.
Here you can see a histogram showing the frequency of different values in the data. 9.5% of the businesses are in WI, while 73% of the businesses are in AZ. The percentages are based on a sample of the data (10,000 records in this case). Note that for numeric and date types, we utilize a continuous histogram (with sliding limits) rather than a discrete histogram.
Click on the Apply button to proceed with this filter, and you’ll see that we now only have Wisconsin based businesses in our virtual dataset.
Dremio provides numerous capabilities to manipulate text. The easiest way to do so is by interacting with the text in one of the cells. For example, let’s extract the zip code from the address column. The addresses are quite long, so you may not be able to see the zip code unless you make the column a bit wider. Alternatively, when you hover on a cell with a long address, you’ll see a small three-dot icon, and you can click on that icon to see the entire value in a tooltip.
Go ahead and select the zip code in this address, and select the Extract option.
Dremio recommends patterns (or regular expressions), represented by cards, that match the zip code in this address. Each card also shows a few sample values, with the pattern highlighted in each one.
You’ll want to choose a pattern in which the desired substring (i.e., the zip code) is highlighted. For example, the following card represents an incorrect pattern, which works for the address we originally selected but fails to grab the zip code in at least one of the samples on the card.
From this sample it seems that the currently selected card is doing the job. Notice the options just below the cards. You can choose the name of the new column, and you can drop the source column. You can, of course replace the values by keeping the same column name and checking the Drop Source Field checkbox. For this tutorial, let’s name the new column zip and keep the address column.
Note that you can also rename a column in the main data grid by clicking on the column name and editing in place.
Note that we can also utilize the power of regular expressions to extract text. For example, let’s extract the first line of the address (i.e., the street). To do so, we could specify a regular expression that captures the first line.
Choose the card that says “Exactly matches Charter Communications” and enter the replacement value below.
When you’re dealing with non-text columns, replacing a value is even easier. You’ll notice the Exact method at the top.
With value-based replacement, you can select the distinct values that you want to replace and enter the replacement value.
With pattern-based replacement, you can provide a pattern or regular expression and enter the replacement value. All values that match that pattern are replaced with the replacement value.
Dremio makes it easy to replace multiple values at once. For example, let’s say we’re worried about fake reviews on Yelp skewing our analysis, and we want to limit the review_count to 20 on all businesses. Open the transformation menu, and click on the Replace option.
The Range method allows you to replace a range of values with a single value. In this case, use the lower limit slider, or simply enter the value 20 as the lower limit, so that we can select all values greater than or equal to 20 (and then replace them with 20).
In some cases, you may want to replace various different values. For example, you may have messy data in which the same customer name is spelled in several different ways. Dremio allows you to do this, utilizing the all-time favorite Microsoft Excel to create the mapping!
Let’s start by downloading all the unique values in a column into a spreadsheet. For this tutorial, we’ll use the city column. From the transformation menu on the city column, select Group by, and don’t add any measures.
Click Apply to see all the distinct cities in the dataset.
Open the data transformation menu and select Sort Ascending.
From the Download menu at the top, select CSV.
Click on the downloaded CSV to open Excel (or your favorite text editor).
Inside Excel, duplicate the column and change the first value (B1, the column name) in the new column to new_city. Notice that some of the cities (e.g., De Forest, DeForest, Deforest) in the dataset have multiple different spellings. Let’s fix that by entering the correct/consistent value in the new_city column.
Save the spreadsheet. Open the Dremio UI in a new browser tab, and bring up your home space, which can be accessed via the link next to the house icon. Every user in Dremio has a home space, where they can upload spreadsheets and create private virtual datasets.
Click the button at the top-right corner to upload the spreadsheet you just edited into the home space.
Let’s call the spreadsheet-based dataset “city mapping”.
Check the Extract Field Headers checkbox to make sure that the column names aren’t treated as values.
Click Save, and you’ll see that the spreadsheet is now reflected as a physical dataset in your home space.
Let’s move back to the other browser tab, and roll back our work-in-progress dataset to the state prior to aggregating on the city column. Click the version history dots on the right-hand side until you get to the right version.
Click the Join button and select the spreadsheet.
Click Next, and then drag the city column from both tables into the join condition editor. Click the Preview button to see a preview of the joined dataset.
Notice that the dataset now has a new column, called new_city. This column has the business’ canonicalized (i.e., correct) city name. Click Apply to apply the join transformation, and then drop the city and city0 columns.
You can also rename new_city to city, leaving us with a brand new, clean version of our city column.
It’s time to save the virtual dataset we’ve created. Virtual datasets live in spaces. Each user has their own home space, but you can also create new spaces that can be shared with other users (or groups of users). To create a space, click the New Space button and choose a name. For this tutorial, we’ll call our space “wisconsin”, since we’re dealing with local businesses in Wisconsin.
Once you’ve created a space, you can proceed to save the dataset in that space. Click the Save As button at the top of the dataset viewer.
Once you click Save, notice the name of the dataset change from New Query to wisconsin.businesses.
That little clipboard, which shows up when you hover on the dataset name, makes it easy to copy the full dataset path into the clipboard so that you can, for example, paste it into a SQL query.
The data type of a column is indicated by a small icon at the top of each column. You can easily convert from one type to another by clicking on the icon and selecting the desired type. For example, to convert the stars column from a float to an integer, select the Integer option.
Depending on the actual conversion, the system may ask you for more information on how to make the conversion. For example, in this case we are converting from float to integer, and there are several ways to do so (round down, up, or to the nearest integer).
Many data sources, such as files and MongoDB collections, don’t enforce rigid schemas. With these systems, you may find yourself in a situation where a single column contains mixed types. In other words, there are values of different types in the same column. This is certainly not a desirable state, because many SQL functions and BI tools can’t deal with mixed types. Fortunately, Dremio provides built-in capabilities for cleaning up mixed types.
The orange type indicator A# indicates that this is a mixed type column.
Click on the data type icon to open the Clean Data wizard which guides you through the process of cleaning up the column. You’ll have the option of converting the column into a single type, or converting it into multiple columns, one for each type.
Dremio supports the ability to deal with complex (i.e., nested) data, including both arrays and maps.
Let’s see when businesses typically open at the beginning of the week. You’ll notice that the hours column is a map, based on the data type icon.
Hover over one of the cells in the hours column, and open the tooltip by clicking on the three-dot icon. Then choose the open field under Monday.
The card will automatically show the path you just selected. Click Apply to accept the selection.
We now have a new top-level column called Monday.open which we can utilize in further exploration or curation in Dremio, or in an analysis using an external BI tool.
If you’re curious to quickly see what the most common opening time on Monday is, select the Group by option in the transformation menu.
Here you can quickly aggregate on the Monday.open column and count the number of occurrences of each distinct value.
You can choose the Sort Descending action to sort by count.
When data is encoded in arrays, it can be challenging to perform the desired analysis with SQL or BI tools. Dremio enables you to unnest an array-type column, resulting in one record per array element. An example will make this easy to understand.
In our now curated dataset of Wisconsin-based businesses, each business can have multiple categories. You’ll notice, based on the data type icon, that the categories column is an array. To unnest this column, select the Unnest option in the data transformation menu.
What you’ll notice is that each of the categories is now in its own record. For businesses with more than one category, the other fields are duplicated, just as we would observe performing a join between two tables.
With the categories now unnested, we have the ability to perform a variety of standard data exploration and analysis tasks. For example, we can count the number of businesses in the Nightlife category using the Group by action or an external BI tool.
In this tutorial we walked through a simple data curation scenario. Dremio makes it easy to curate data and create new datasets with a variety of point-and-click actions. If there’s something you can’t do with a visual interaction, you can always utilize SQL to update the definition of a dataset, but feel free to drop us a line and let us know since we’ll be adding dozens of new transformations over the coming months.
It’s important to keep in mind that, unlike ETL and data preparation tools, Dremio doesn’t create copies of data, and the resulting datasets do not consume any storage - they are 100% virtual. Therefore, users should feel comfortable creating as many new datasets as they wish, and collaborating with other users. | 2019-04-22T05:19:41Z | https://www.dremio.com/tutorials/data-curation-with-dremio/ |
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Given that time is loan and it’s all about conserving time. If you are saving your time you are saving your valuable cash. We recommend you to constantly select up less time consuming as well as even more rewarding solutions when it comes to choosing up a Wp engine coupon code for your own organisation or for somebody else.
Really, Wp engine will need you to pay couple of added bucks as compared with the other holding resources which are supplying you their solutions for some affordable dollars. Certainly, this additional quantity off will pay you off over time. As your reward for investment in the Wp Engine coupon, you get an amazing conserving of hundreds and thousands of dollars yearly.
With 24/7 effective consumer assistance, Wp Engine is worth your investment as contrasted to other organizing carriers like hostgator. Typically, you have to pay to a web designer a quantity of approx. 100bucks per hour for their work. And still afterwards, if there happens any type of regrettable fault on your website, you will be in loss. Given that they will never offer you with 24/7 support facility.
Wp Engine is running their systems with a remarkable team of correctly educated specialists. They will get back to you immediately, the minute you report them concerning any type of error or problem in your web site. This is a huge relief to get 24/7 specialists’ assistance for fixing your troubles in no time.
Yes, this is additionally one of several rewards of spending in Wp Engine as well as Wp Engine Coupon code as compared to spending in various other hosting companies like hostgator. If your website gets hacked also after paying numerous dollars, certainly it is no great for you.
Wp Engine has scaled up its protection showcases to world course level. They have special protection surveillance experts in their group that are constantly watching on evil trespassers hindering your web site or blog.
Their continual scanning for hackers and malware conserve you from large irritation and also loss of loan. Their commitment is assured by their devoted solutions for avoiding your sites from regarding 2 million of malicious web assaults on day-to-day basis.
Your customer will certainly never choose to squander their time on your page if your internet site or blog site takes few added seconds to completely load. You could order a lot more and also much more on-line website traffic to your website if you get it optimized correctly. Correct optimization of your site makes certain quick tons time and pleased clients and also ultimately the satisfied you.
Wp Engine and also Wp Engine coupon code deal provide you with this benefit of enhanced and also enhanced speed producing even more money for you.
You can easily see lots of coupon codes and totally free promo code websites when you are browsing the web. All those appealing deals on those promo codes are mostly invalid. As they state, all that glitter is not gold. So, we recommend you keep away from such promo codes they are generally inactive, ended or invalid.
You need to look the right and authentic sites to find the legitimate Wp Engine Coupon code. Now if you have to identify which site is truly genuine, we recommend you take notice of their testimonials. The site with more favorable evaluations is much more legitimate and that’s exactly where you will wind up locating the legitimate as well as actual Wp Engine Coupon code.
In the end, we extremely advise you to find the finest Wp Engine coupon codes for your website. Make your on-line visibility secure as well as noticeable with a trusted organizing provider.
With the flow of time, man found out to compose and also considering that after that, a never-ending process of composing disasters, bios and also short stories started. This thirst of getting knowledge has constantly enhanced the ‘homo sapiens’ in several various ways.
With the intro of the Internet, the entire globe has actually changed right into a Global City. Information is passed onto every edge of the globe within mins. This enhancing popularity generated several information and material organizing websites on the Internet.
The 21st century brought with it, a great deal of data and also content being regularly written and also released. With lots of paper being made use of in a solitary day, there was a requirement for on-line data administration systems. This new reasoning brought cutting edge modifications.
. Internet hosting service is a service which permits the companies as well as people to place information as well as web content on the Internet.
Webhosting is a kind of net holding which enables the companies as well as people to access their websites as well as websites.
WordPress is the most previously owned material management system. It supplies its users with templates, plug-ins, themes as well as numerous various other appealing functions.
When the idea of possessing internet pages as well as websites was first presented, the situation ended up being confusing. The suggestion was actually useful but to have an internet site, it required special computer systems which might do the task. Therefore, internet holding service was introduced and also it began to provide the solutions, without the client needing the required infrastructure needed to do the work. By doing this, this idea spread.
Hostgator is a bit expensive compared to various other similar services readily available, at about $4 monthly. However, it’s hugely less expensive than its rival WordPress Engine. Within $4 each month, you could enjoy its solutions like devoted hosting as well as several various other functions.
An extremely important plus point for hostgator is that it supplies you with on-line chat support as well as they likewise supply their landline where they could be contacted. On-line assistance is essential while utilizing such systems as individuals can stick at many factors.
Along with its online assistance, customers can quickly locate services to numerous troubles as a big target market utilizes the platform. A big number of users exist to offer you with the remedy of the things, you can stick on. Having no remedy and being all at sea can be uncomfortable yet luckily, hostgator.
Hostgator provides the users with distinct attributes like baby organizing. This feature enables the individual to focus and also utilize greater than one domain name, all at once. This function is offered in $5.95 each month.
Hostgator likewise gives the individual with lots of ecommerce attributes like QSCommerce as well as Zen Cart.
When it comes to giving hosting for WordPress, WP engine is at the top in this area. The primary problem with WP engine is that it doesn’t sustain any kind of various other CMS various other compared to WordPress.
WP Engine is the greatest priced system for the function of demanding regarding $35 each month. In spite of the discounts, WP engine is still much expensive than the others.
If you are worried about utilizing simply WordPress, WP engine could be a great option as it is optimized for WordPress and is especially built for the purpose. Nonetheless many individuals do not use simply WordPress as well as it could be a problem for them to make use of WP engine.
WP engine offers the customer with attractive interfaces, easy methods, and one-click procedures. The interface of WP engine is really excellent.
While writing the material or making web sites, your current information can be actually important in order to make a document. WP engine, by default, gives a 30-day back-up and maintains the track. This really is a good attribute to delight in.
Internet security is the main headache nowadays for the on-line systems. We hear the news of information violations quite nowadays. WP engine not just offers protection with the security code yet additionally it sends out one more code to the mobile phone in order to permit access to the account.
Moving the websites to the clients is likewise feasible via WP engine. It is easy and truly valuable when doing mass job.
Both the platforms are on an excellent in performance and also speed. WP engine being a little faster wins the award. Nonetheless, hostgator isn’t much behind.
Right here, hostgator is plainly a much better alternative as it’s much, much more affordable compared to the various other one. WP engine is really a pricey one. In spite of WP engine discount coupon discount, Hostgator is more affordable.
In these aspects, none is far behind than the other one. Both the platforms are practically comparable in these aspects.
Here hostgator has an upper edge with infant organizing and numerous various other unique features. WP engine also provides many attributes yet taking the rate right into factor to consider, they are not sufficient.
Due to those points, we could say that Hostgator is clearly a far better choice than WP engine. WP engine is concentrated on a single CMS, yet Hostgator supplies you with selection.
Information details has always been an important vital of manMale historyBackground This thirst of obtaining knowledge has constantly reinforced the ‘homo sapiens’ in lots of different means.
With the introduction of the Internet, the whole globe has transformed into a Global City. Information is passed onto every corner of the globe within minutes. This increasing popularity triggered a number of information as well as material holding sites on the net.
. Web hosting service is a service which allows the companies and people to place data as well as material on the Internet.
Webhosting is a kind of internet hosting which enables the organizations and also individuals to access their websites and also websites.
WordPress is one of the most previously owned material management system. It’s a free as well as open source CMS primarily based on PHP as well as MySQL. Inning accordance with some statistics, it’s made use of by 30.6% of the top 10 million internet sites for material uploading and also blog writing. It gives its customers with layouts, plug-ins, motifs and several other enticing features.
When the idea concept owning having pages and sites websites first introduced, the situation circumstance came to beComplex As a result, web holding solution was presented and also it started to supply the services, without the customer requiring the essential facilities needed to do the task.
WP Engine is a particularly develop platform for the WordPress users in order to publish the websites and other materials. WP engine gives WP engine vouchers which could be made use of to obtain 30% or more discounts.
When it pertains to giving organizing for WordPress, WP engine is at the top in this area. The main trouble with WP engine is that it doesn’t support any kind of other CMS other compared to WordPress.
If you are worried about utilizing just WordPress, WP engine can be a great choice as it is enhanced for WordPress and is especially constructed for the objective. Numerous people don’t utilize simply WordPress as well as it can be a problem for them to utilize WP engine.
WP engine gives the individual with appealing interfaces, easy approaches, as well as one-click treatments. The interface of WP engine is actually remarkable.
While composing the material or making internet sites, your recent data could be actually important in order to make a document. WP engine, by default, supplies a 30-day back-up as well as maintains the track. This truly is a great function to appreciate.
Web security is the main frustration nowadays for the on the internet systems. We listen to the information of data violations quite nowadays. WP engine not just supplies security with the protection code but in enhancement, it sends one more code to the cellular phone in order to permit accessibility to the account.
Moving the websites to the clients is also feasible with WP engine. It is easy and truly handy when doing mass work.
WP engine vouchers are offered which are extremely useful when thinking about utilizing WP engine. WP engine discount coupons can be used to get discounts as well as cutoff rates. There are different discount rate kinds which these WP engine coupons offer. You can get 30% discount or other problem like totally free first 5 months. WP engine is currently the leading host for WordPress and it’s is particularly compatible with WordPress. WP engine coupons work in obtaining price cuts.
Both the systems get on a top notch in efficiency and also rate. WP engine being a little faster wins the honor. Nonetheless, hostgator isn’t much behind.
Here, hostgator is plainly a better choice as it’s much, much less expensive compared to the other one. WP engine is truly an expensive one. Despite of WP engine coupon price cut, Hostgator is more affordable. In this aspect of WP engine vs hostgator, hostgator is better.
Right here hostgator has an upper edge with baby hosting and also several various other unique functions. WP engine likewise supplies numerous attributes yet taking the rate right into consideration, they are not enough.
In light of those things, we could claim that Hostgator is clearly a far better option compared to WP engine. WP engine is focused on a solitary CMS, however Hostgator gives you with range.
An internet search engine Wp Engine coupon code is one of one of the most essential sources to obtain on-line web traffic to your blog site or internet site. Thousands of site visitors could be seeing your web page in a hr if its high rated Wp Engine coupon code. And this is where the SEO enters into play. Today, WordPress is one of the most popular as well as qualified platform which provides 99% SEO pleasant attributes.
Wp Engine coupon code So, it does not matter if you intend to develop a blog site or a creative website, WordPress will always be your front runner. Considering that WordPress has established its benchmark for being the very best system to develop completely practical websites.
Below we are informing you the million dollar suggestions concerning exactly how to introduce and also make use of the really amazing benefits of WordPress. Picking the ideal holding website will break the code of making the most effective use WordPress.
When you check out for grabbing a reliable holding source for your WordPress system it gets a mind-wobbling experience. There are many holding providers around, it becomes truly puzzling to arrange through this mess as well as grab one best holding resource for you.
Don’t fret we are here bringing you the ideal hosting solution. WP Engine and WP Engine coupon code are here to earn your life simple.
You simply need to browse the net correctly to detect some genuine and outstanding discount rates on your hosting plane by the virtue of wp engine promotion codes as well as wp engine coupon code.
Considering that time is money and it’s everything about saving time. If you are saving your time you are conserving your precious money. So we recommend you to constantly grab less time consuming and more fulfilling remedies when it comes to grabbing a Wp engine coupon code for your very own organisation or for a person else.
Really, Wp engine will require you to pay few added bucks as contrasted to the various other holding sources which are providing you their services for some inexpensive bucks. Most definitely, this added amount off will pay you off in the long run. As your reward for financial investment in the Wp Engine coupon, you obtain an unbelievable saving of hundreds and also countless bucks annually.
With 24/7 efficient client support, Wp Engine deserves your financial investment as compared with various other organizing suppliers like hostgator. Usually, you need to pay to an internet designer an amount of approx. 100bucks per hr for their job. As well as still afterwards, if there takes place any unfortunate mistake on your internet site, you will certainly remain in loss. Given that they will never ever supply you with 24/7 support center.
Yet Wp Engine is running their systems with a remarkable team of effectively educated specialists. They will return to you instantly, the minute you report them about any kind of error or concern in your site. This is a large alleviation to get 24/7 professionals’ support for fixing your issues in a snap.
Yes, this is likewise one of many perks of spending in Wp Engine and Wp Engine Coupon code as contrasted to investing in other organizing suppliers like hostgator. If your site gets hacked even after paying several dollars, obviously it is no good for you.
Wp Engine has scaled up its safety showcases to globe course degree. They have unique security tracking experts in their team that are constantly keeping an eye on bad burglars hindering your site or blog site.
Their continuous scanning for cyberpunks as well as malware save you from big stress and loss of cash. Their loyalty is assured by their committed services for preventing your sites from regarding 2 numerous malicious internet attacks on daily basis.
When we are discussing the online globe, its everything about the time. And also right here “time equates to cash”. Your customer will certainly never choose to waste their time on your page if your site or blog site takes few additional seconds to completely pack. There you shed your on the internet visitors resulting in massive loss of loan. You could grab a lot more as well as much more online website traffic to your web site if you obtain it enhanced effectively. Proper optimization of your site guarantees quick load time and satisfied consumers and also eventually the satisfied you. Extra site visitors imply even more income and also sales.
Wp Engine as well as Wp Engine coupon code deal supply you with this benefit of enhanced and also optimized rate producing more cash for you.
You could easily see numerous discount codes and free coupon websites when you are searching the internet. All those tempting offers on those vouchers are mainly void.
You need to browse the right and also authentic internet sites to find the legitimate Wp Engine Coupon code. Now if you need to identify which web site is actually authentic, we suggest you take notice of their testimonials. The site with even more favorable testimonials is much more reputable which’s exactly where you will end up discovering the valid and also genuine Wp Engine Coupon code.
Ultimately, we extremely advise you to locate the most effective Wp Engine coupon codes for your site. Because it is one of the most inexpensive organizing prepare for you with assured advantages. Make your on the internet existence secure and recognizable with a reliable hosting provider. All the best!
Info sharing has actually always been an important component of male’s history. From the actual beginning, male has taken rate of interest in hearing stories, stories, and also news from throughout the globe. With the flow of time, male discovered to compose as well as given that then, a relentless process of creating tragedies, biographies as well as narratives started. Naturally, humans intend to discover as well as recognize the points. This thirst of obtaining understanding has always strengthened the ‘homo sapiens’ in several means.
With the intro of the Internet, the entire world has actually become a Global City. Information is passed onto every corner of the world within minutes. This increasing popularity provided increase to numerous data and material holding sites on the web.
The 21st century brought with it, a whole lot of data and web content being on a regular basis composed as well as released. With tons of paper being made use of in a solitary day, there was a need for online information monitoring systems. This new reasoning brought cutting edge modifications.
. Web organizing service is a service which enables the companies and also people to place data and material on the Internet. It has lots of kinds and also categories. Adhering to are its main groups.
Webhosting is a kind of net holding which permits the companies and also individuals to access their websites as well as websites.
WordPress is one of the most secondhand web content administration system. It’s a totally free as well as open resource CMS primarily based upon PHP and also MySQL. According to some data, it’s made use of by 30.6% of the leading 10 million web sites for material uploading and also blog writing. It gives its individuals with themes, plug-ins, themes and also several other appealing functions.
When the concept of possessing internet pages and also sites was initially presented, the situation ended up being complicated. The concept was really valuable but to have a site, it needed unique computer systems which can get the job done. Therefore, internet holding service was presented as well as it started to use the solutions, without the client needing the essential framework needed to do the work. This way, this concept spread.
Hostgator is a little bit expensive than various other comparable solutions readily available, at concerning $4 each month. Nonetheless, it’s extremely less expensive than its rival WordPress Engine. Within $4 monthly, you can enjoy its solutions like dedicated hosting as well as numerous various other attributes.
An essential plus point for hostgator is that it supplies you with on the internet chat support as well as they likewise provide their landline where they could be called. On the internet assistance is extremely important while utilizing such systems as users can stick at several points.
In enhancement to its online support, users could quickly locate solutions to lots of troubles as a huge target market makes use of the system. A large number of users exist to supply you with the service of the important things, you could stick on. Having no service and also being all at sea can be agonizing however thankfully, hostgator.
Hostgator gives the customers with unique features like baby holding. This feature allows the individual to concentrate as well as use greater than one domain, at the same time. This feature is offered in $5.95 per month.
Hostgator additionally offers the user with lots of e-commerce functions like QSCommerce and also Zen Cart.
When it pertains to giving hosting for WordPress, WP engine goes to the top in this area. Nevertheless, the major issue with WP engine is that it does not sustain other CMS aside from WordPress.
WP Engine is the highest possible priced system for the objective of requiring regarding $35 per month. This much price makes it extremely costly as well as lots of people discover it hard to fulfill this price. Nonetheless, WP engine promo codes are available to obtain price cuts. In spite of the discounts, WP engine is still much costly than the others.
If you are worried about using just WordPress, WP engine could be a good choice as it is enhanced for WordPress and is particularly constructed for the function. Lots of people don’t utilize simply WordPress as well as it could be an issue for them to use WP engine.
WP engine offers the individual with enticing interfaces, simple approaches, and one-click procedures. The user interface of WP engine is actually impressive.
While creating the web content or making websites, your recent data can be truly crucial in order to make a document. WP engine, by default, offers a 30-day backup and keeps the track. This truly is a good function to enjoy.
Web protection is the primary headache nowadays for the online platforms. We listen to the information of data violations really a lot nowadays. WP engine not just gives safety and security with the safety and security code yet in enhancement it sends out one more code to the mobile phone in order to permit access to the account.
Moving the websites to the clients is additionally possible with WP engine. It is simple and really practical when doing mass work.
Right here, hostgator is plainly a better choice as it’s much, much more affordable than the other one. WP engine is actually a costly one. Despite WP engine voucher discount, Hostgator is much less expensive.
Right here as well, hostgator wins the award as it’s compatible with many CMSs, unlike WP engine which is compatible just with WordPress.
Here hostgator has a top side with baby holding and also numerous various other one-of-a-kind attributes. WP engine likewise gives many features but taking the cost right into factor to consider, they are insufficient.
Due to the above-mentioned points, we can state that Hostgator is plainly a far better option than WP engine. WP engine is focused on a solitary CMS, yet Hostgator supplies you with variety.
Information sharing has has actually been an important crucial component manGuy history. This thirst of obtaining expertise has actually constantly strengthened the ‘homo sapiens’ in several different methods.
With the intro of the Internet, the entire world has become a Global City. Details is passed into every corner of the world within mins. This boosting appeal triggered a number of data as well as material holding websites online.
. Internet organizing solution is a service which permits the companies as well as people to place information as well as web content on the Internet.
Hosting is a sort of web holding which permits the organizations and also individuals to access their web pages and sites.
WordPress is the most used material management system. According to some stats, it’s utilized by 30.6% of the top 10 million internet sites for content uploading and blog writing.
When the idea concept owning possessing internet and as well as websites first initially, the situation became came to be. As an outcome, internet organizing solution was presented and also it began to provide the services, without the client requiring the necessary facilities required to do the task.
When it concerns providing organizing for WordPress, WP engine is at the top in this area. However, the main problem with WP engine is that it does not sustain other CMS other than WordPress.
If you are worried about utilizing simply WordPress, WP engine can be a good option as it is enhanced for WordPress and also is especially constructed for the objective. Nevertheless many individuals do not use simply WordPress and it could be a trouble for them to use WP engine.
WP engine offers the customer with attractive user interfaces, easy techniques, and also one-click procedures. The user interface of WP engine is really impressive.
While creating the material or making websites, your current data could be actually vital in order to make a record. WP engine, by default, provides a 30-day back-up and also maintains the track. This actually is an excellent attribute to take pleasure in.
Internet security is the major headache nowadays for the online systems. We listen to the information of information violations significantly nowadays. WP engine not just gives security with the security code but on top of that, it sends an additional code to the cell phone in order to enable access to the account.
Moving the sites to the clients is additionally possible through WP engine. It is simple and also actually useful when doing bulk work.
WP engine vouchers are available which are very helpful when taking into consideration utilizing WP engine. WP engine coupons could be used to obtain discount rates and cutoff rates. There are various discount rate types which these WP engine discount coupons supply. You could get 30% price cut or other problem like totally free initial 5 months. WP engine is currently the leading internet host for WordPress as well as it’s is specifically suitable with WordPress. WP engine promo codes are useful in getting discount rates.
Below, hostgator is plainly a much better alternative as it’s much, more affordable compared to the various other one. WP engine is truly a pricey one. Despite of WP engine coupon discount rate, Hostgator is more affordable. In this facet of WP engine vs hostgator, hostgator is much better.
Here hostgator has an upper edge with child organizing and also lots of other one-of-a-kind features. WP engine additionally gives several features however taking the rate into consideration, they are insufficient.
Taking into account those things, we can claim that Hostgator is clearly a better choice than WP engine. WP engine is focused on a solitary CMS, yet Hostgator supplies you with selection.
An internet search engine wp engine coupon code is among the most essential resources to obtain online traffic to your blog site or website. Hundreds of visitors could be seeing your web page in an hour if its high placed wp engine coupon code. As well as this is where the SEO enters into play. Today, WordPress is one of the most preferred and reputable system which supplies 99% SEO pleasant attributes.
wp engine coupon code It doesn’t matter if you want to establish a blog site or an imaginative website, WordPress will always be your first option. Because WordPress has established its benchmark for being the very best platform to develop totally practical sites.
Right here we are informing you the million dollar suggestions concerning the best ways to reveal and also make use of the absolutely extraordinary benefits of WordPress. Choosing the best holding website will split the code of making the ideal use WordPress.
When you browse for getting a trusted organizing resource for your WordPress platform it obtains a mind-wobbling experience. There are numerous holding suppliers available, it ends up being truly puzzling to sort with this clutter as well as pick up one best holding resource for you.
Don’t worry we are right here bringing you the ideal organizing remedy. WP Engine as well as WP Engine coupon code are right here making your life simple.
You simply need to search the internet correctly to identify some genuine as well as incredible price cuts on your organizing airplane by the merit of wp engine promo codes and wp engine coupon code.
Because time is money as well as it’s about saving time. If you are saving your time you are saving your precious loan. So we suggest you to constantly get much less time consuming as well as even more gratifying options when it concerns getting a Wp engine coupon code for your personal business or for somebody else.
Actually, Wp engine will need you to pay couple of added bucks as as compared to the various other hosting sources which are supplying you their solutions for some economical dollars. Certainly, this added quantity off will pay you off in the long run. As your benefit for financial investment in the Wp Engine coupon, you get an extraordinary conserving of hundreds and also hundreds of bucks every year.
With 24/7 effective consumer support, Wp Engine is worth your investment as compared with other hosting suppliers like hostgator. Generally, you need to pay to an internet developer a quantity of approx. 100bucks per hr for their task. And also still afterwards, if there takes place any type of unfavorable mistake on your site, you will certainly be in loss. Because they will certainly never supply you with 24/7 assistance facility.
But Wp Engine is running their systems with a phenomenal group of properly trained specialists. They will obtain back to you quickly, the minute you report them concerning any error or issue in your internet site. This is a large alleviation to obtain 24/7 professionals’ support for repairing your issues in no time.
Yes, this is additionally one of many benefits of buying Wp Engine and Wp Engine Coupon code as compared to investing in various other holding service providers like hostgator. Being hacked can really jeopardize your on-line visibility as well as acceptability. If your internet site gets hacked even after paying several bucks, undoubtedly it is no great for you. You could come across a substantial loss of cash.
Wp Engine has scaled up its safety and security includes to world class degree. They have special protection monitoring experts in their group that are always watching on wicked intruders hindering your site or blog site.
Their constant scanning for hackers as well as malware save you from large disappointment and loss of loan. Their commitment is assured by their devoted solutions for avoiding your sites from about 2 countless malicious internet attacks on everyday basis.
Your consumer will never ever choose to waste their time on your page if your web site or blog site takes couple of additional seconds to entirely load. You could get extra and more on the internet web traffic to your internet site if you get it enhanced correctly. Correct optimization of your web site makes certain fast load time and satisfied consumers and eventually the satisfied you.
You can easily see several promo codes and also free voucher sites when you are looking the web. Yet all those appealing offers on those coupons are mainly void. As they say, all that glitter is not gold. We suggest you stay away from such vouchers they are generally inactive, ended or invalid.
You need to search the right as well as authentic internet sites to discover the legitimate Wp Engine Coupon code. Currently if you need to identify which internet site is actually authentic, we recommend you focus on their evaluations. The website with even more positive reviews is more reliable which’s exactly where you will certainly end up finding the valid and genuine Wp Engine Coupon code.
In the end, we extremely recommend you to locate the finest Wp Engine coupon codes for your website. Considering that it is one of the most inexpensive hosting prepare for you with ensured benefits. Make your on-line existence safe and secure and also obvious with a trustworthy organizing service provider. All the best!
Details sharing has actually always been a crucial part of guy’s history. From the very start, male has actually taken interest in hearing tales, stories, and news from around the world. With the flow of time, guy discovered how to compose and also ever since, a relentless process of composing catastrophes, biographies and also narratives started. Naturally, people want to learn as well as acknowledge things. This thirst of obtaining expertise has always enhanced the ‘homo sapiens’ in various methods.
With the intro of the Internet, the entire globe has actually become a Global City. Info is passed onto every edge of the globe within minutes. This enhancing popularity offered increase to several information as well as content hosting websites on the Internet.
What are material administration, web organizing & webhosting???
The 21st century brought with it, a whole lot of information as well as material being frequently composed and also published. With loads of paper being made use of in a single day, there was a need for online data management systems. This new thinking brought revolutionary changes.
. Net organizing solution is a service which enables the companies and also people to place information and also web content on the Internet. It has lots of kinds as well as categories. Following are its primary groups.
Webhosting is a sort of net holding which enables the organizations and people to access their website as well as websites.
WordPress is the most previously owned material monitoring system. It offers its customers with templates, plug-ins, styles as well as numerous various other appealing features.
When the idea concept owning having pages and and also was first initially, the situation circumstance ended up beingComplex As an outcome, web hosting service was presented and it began to supply the services, without the customer requiring the needed infrastructure required to do the task.
Hostgator is a little bit costly than various other comparable solutions offered, at regarding $4 each month. It’s widely less costly compared to its rival WordPress Engine. Within $4 each month, you could enjoy its solutions like devoted webhosting and also many various other attributes.
An essential plus point for hostgator is that it supplies you with online conversation support and also they additionally provide their landline where they can be spoken to. Online assistance is extremely important while using such platforms as individuals could stick at numerous factors.
Along with its on-line support, users can conveniently locate options to several troubles as a huge target market makes use of the system. A a great deal of customers are there to provide you with the remedy of things, you could stick on. Having no service and also being all mixed-up can be uncomfortable yet the good news is, hostgator.
Hostgator provides the individuals with distinct features like child hosting. This attribute permits the individual to concentrate and utilize greater than one domain name, concurrently. This function is offered in $5.95 monthly.
WP engine is a specifically construct system for the WordPress users in order to release the websites and various other components. WP engine supplies WP engine promo codes which can be made use of to get 30% or more discount rates.
When it pertains to offering organizing for WordPress, WP engine goes to the top in this area. The main problem with WP engine is that it does not sustain any type of various other CMS various other than WordPress.
WP Engine is the greatest priced system for the purpose of requiring about $35 per month. Regardless of the discount rates, WP engine is still much expensive compared to the others.
If you are worried with using simply WordPress, WP engine can be a great option as it is optimized for WordPress and also is particularly developed for the objective. Numerous people don’t make use of just WordPress and it could be a problem for them to use WP engine.
WP engine gives the individual with enticing interfaces, easy techniques, and also one-click treatments. The interface of WP engine is truly remarkable.
While creating the web content or making web sites, your current information can be truly essential in order to make a record. WP engine, by default, supplies a 30-day backup and keeps the track. This actually is an excellent feature to delight in.
Internet protection is the primary frustration nowadays for the online platforms. We listen to the news of data violations significantly nowadays. WP engine not only supplies safety with the security code yet additionally it sends one more code to the mobile phone in order to permit access to the account.
Transferring the sites to the clients is likewise feasible via WP engine. It is very easy and also actually handy when doing mass work.
Here, hostgator is plainly a far better alternative as it’s much, more affordable than the other one. WP engine is really a pricey one. Regardless of WP engine discount coupon discount rate, Hostgator is more affordable.
Below hostgator has a top edge with infant holding and also several various other unique features. WP engine additionally gives several attributes yet taking the price right into factor to consider, they are inadequate.
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Information sharing has always been a vital part of male’s background. From the very beginning, man has actually taken rate of interest in hearing stories, stories, and information from across the world. With the passage of time, male discovered to write as well as ever since, an endless process of composing catastrophes, bios and also short stories started. Normally, people want to discover and also acknowledge the important things. This thirst of getting expertise has always reinforced the ‘homo sapiens’ in several means.
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The Witness is an argument. It uses game design, audio, and video to present its case about our relation to the search for truth.
Developer Thekla and designer Jonathan Blow’s puzzle game is a challenging adventure where you draw lines, listen to orations, and watch YouTube clips. It sounds simple, but as you go through that journey, The Witness uses these elements to make claims about the human experience while also providing evidence for those claims.
Put simply, The Witness is about exploration and the human need to reach out and understand the unknown.
You have the capability to seek the truth.
It’s noble to seek the truth.
Interpreting the truth through common experience is important to understanding it.
You’ll never reach the truth.
The Witness claims that the search for truth is the story of humanity. Individually, we witness existence moment to moment, and then we collectively combine those experiences over eons to empower the next generation of explorers to witness something new as a representative of our species.
That’s a big case to make, and it all starts with you playing a game.
Playing The Witness in the context of its wider argument is about the importance of games throughout history to both people and animals.
In The Witness, you encounter confusing puzzles with esoteric rules. When you first try to solve these, they can appear daunting to the point of impossibility. Or you might assume that you’re not smart enough to figure these things out. But over time, you slowly begin building up a mental vocabulary that enables you to decode and conquer these mazes until you reach a level of fluency with the game’s world.
In this way, The Witness is no different from the games of other species. A lion cub plays with its siblings to help it get comfortable with moving and leaping. This is preparation for a life of hunting and fighting off competitors. Studies have also shown that rats (and some primates) play games to fine-tune their fight-or-flight responses.
The Witness is a way to help you fine-tune your fight-or-flight response in the face of challenging cerebral problems. If you battle through Blow’s puzzles, you may end up feeling more capable of taking the more complex ideas of the real world.
And having confidence in your capability to understand and solve problems is something The Witness reiterates in one of the first videos you play in the theater room hidden beneath the windmill.
The video is from the 1978 BBC science program Connections. It is from the final episode of the original series. Presenter James Burke sums up the core argument of his show, which is that understanding how the world works is how you have a say in its future.
Burke claims that the scientists and technologists who understand the fundamentals of nature are the “true driving force of humanity.” And he maintains that you can have that power, too. You don’t have to wait for someone to come around and give it to you. Instead, you have the capability to start asking questions and making discoveries for yourself.
And the fact that you’ve beaten The Witness is proof of your capabilities.
It doesn’t matter if you asked for help while playing the game. It isn’t a failing that you needed to ask someone to explain something to you slowly and clearly. All that matters is that you understood it in the end, and you were able to act on that understanding. You’re intelligent and capable and all of human knowledge belongs to you.
Burke goes a bit further and says that you don’t need to settle for second- or third-hand interpretations of the truth. To illustrate his point, he compares a slide of amino acids to a classical painting. He says that the amino acids are more difficult for people to understand than art and poetry because scientific knowledge removes opinion and ideology.
That might seem dismissive of the humanities, but Burke never says that art doesn’t matter. He only says that it isn’t truth — instead, it’s an interpretation of the truth by someone else.
Regardless of Burke’s feelings on softer pursuits, I don’t think The Witness is in any way criticizing the study of why people express themselves through art and culture. You can try to claim that Burke is saying that, but then you are only arguing against an old British television host and not The Witness.
The more important part of what Burke is saying is that you should have confidence in yourself to affect change. This is putting to words the experience of playing The Witness, and it is meant to link that to your experience of interacting with the rest of the world.
The Witness doesn’t just tell you that you have the ability to search for answers. It also repeatedly conveys that as something important and worth celebrating.
You get most of that motivation through the audio logs scattered throughout the world. These are excerpts of writings from famous people like Chinese philosopher Lao Tzu, English astronomer Arthur Eddington, and theologian Augustine of Hippo. In all, The Witness has quotes from around 40 people, and while they have different motivations (science, god, philosophy), they all have one thing in common: they are searchers. Even Nicholas of Cusa, a Catholic scholar, speaks eloquently on his uncertainty and the importance of the hunt for truth.
If The Witness kicks off its conversation with Burke telling you that you are smart enough to look for answers, the audio logs are telling you that you should use that intelligence.
But the game doesn’t just shove a bunch of quotes at you to say “here’s smart people — you should be like them.” It argues that these pursuits are important because you are part of something bigger.
The candle scene, which is the third video in the screening room in The Witness, is from the 1983 Russo-Italian coproduction Nostalghia by director Andrei Tarkovsky. It is about a Russian poet longing for home while researching a composer in Italy. This particular scene is Tarkovsky’s attempt to portray an entire human life in one shot.
It is nine minutes of uninterrupted filming where Andrei Gorchakov, the protagonist, lights a candle, carries it across an empty pool, and sets it on a ledge before dying.
This scene conveys how life carries on from one person to the next. In Nostalghia, Andrei meets a mad man who hates the world but believes he can cure it if he can only carry a lit candle across his town’s mineral pool. The mad man never succeeds and eventually kills himself after leaving town and giving a speech asking people to grow kinder. But before he does that, he asks Andrei to complete his candle mission. Luckily for the poet, he finds that the town has drained the mineral pool.
In terms of The Witness, we’re seeing a scene where someone is trying to complete a seemingly meaningless task. He’s doing this because he believes it’s important, and he only thinks that because his dead friend convinced him it is worth seeing through.
It’s about one life building on top of another to accomplish a common goal. In that way, multiple generations of humans — all destined to have their flames flicker and go out — can have the spirit of their ideas outlive them.
The Witness reflects that by having you build ideas one on top of another until you’re equipped to defeat its challenges.
Thekla’s artists reference this idea using statues. The most notable example of this is one woman reaching down to pull up another (as long as you are looking from the right spot on the map).
Above: If you are standing in the Marsh, you can look toward the mountain and see this.
This visual trick has a woman up on a perch pulling another out of the ground. This is an important visual metaphor where the mountain represents the huddling mass of life. This is why the peak has statues of exhausted designers and craftsmen building their masterpieces on the summit of human accomplishments. It is also why the mountain leads to the finale.
The mountain reaches into the sky like humanity, but only if we reach higher if we look back and pull up the ideas that we identify as valuable and worth saving. At the top of the mountain we see the opposite happening where a woman is shouting at a man clutching a book. She is backing him off a cliff. This is because his ideas are something we don’t want any more, and he doesn’t get to stand on the summit with us any longer.
All this pushing and pulling happens because humanity and all life is a single entity, and an audio log on the mountain’s peak explains that clearly.
The excerpt is from Apollo astronaut Russell “Rusty” Schweickart. In it, he talks about how space travel changed him.
During his time with NASA, Schweickart has landed on the moon and performed extravehicular activities (EVAs) while orbiting the Earth. He’s seen our planet as a tiny blue marble surrounded in every direction by cold blackness. From where he stood, he could cover this world with his thumb. And all of that gave him a perspective about life and his place in it.
The astronaut explains that he keeps using the word “you” because it was all of us that did that. It wasn’t him. It was we.
Schweickart is essentially saying that he was merely a witness on behalf of the rest of us. He was the eye of the single organism called life. And all of us make up the various parts of life’s body. And we all contributed in the journey that took the first single-celled organisms out of the muck and onto the surface of another world.
We did that. And your flickering, burning spirit is contributing to it.
But life doesn’t only advance through scientific knowledge, like Burke suggested in his video. And The Witness brings in theoretical physicist and Nobel prize winner Richard Feynman to make that point.
In 1964, Feynman, who worked on the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb and investigated the Challenger shuttle disaster, gave a talk at Cornell University about the interconnecting hierarchies of life.
These hierarchies represent the ways we talk about the world. On the one end is scientific knowledge and fundamental principles. To the extreme side of the spectrum, you wouldn’t use words like “heat.” You’d say that “particles are jiggling in a rapid way and producing excess energy.” Because heat is a higher concept and not a way of describing what is happening at the most basic level.
The spectrum whips from those fundamental laws to abstract ideas like “hope” and “love” that have very little direct connection to the building blocks of reality. While one side is based on empirical data and the other is based on human experience and interpretation, Feynman says that we need both and everything in between to reach a more “ultimate” truth.
The Witness embraces this holistic approach. Making a game is about combining poetry and math, the humanities and the hard sciences, into an experience by humans for humans. You don’t do that if you think all that matters is scientific truth.
The Witness is not The Da Vinci Code.
One of the most difficult videos to unlock is The Secret of Psalm 46. You can only find it by completing the final, random challenge room hidden inside the mountain. The clip is an hour-long talk from renowned Infocom and LucasArts designer Brian Moriarty from Game Developers Conference 2003, and it is about Easter eggs and digging for hidden secrets.
Moriarty details a history of Easter eggs in works of literature and classical paintings that goes back hundreds of years. He points out that humans are often wired to look for hidden things where they may not exist. This leads to quasi-numerologists “finding” hidden truths in the Bible, in the music of J.S. Bach, and in the works of William Shakespeare. Of course, no one can ever corroborate those discoveries.
People go on quests looking for codecs that will help them understand the “real” meaning of Shakespeare like they are heroes in the Dan Brown novel The Da Vinci Code. That’s a story where Leonardo da Vinci hides secrets about the Illuminati and the secrets of Jesus Christ in this paintings for future generations to uncover.
Moriarity points out that da Vinci, Bach, and Shakespeare are not crucial to Western civilization because they are burying messages in their creations for anyone with the right decoder. These people are important because they shaped the human understanding of art, music, and language.
Great games should do the same, which is why we probably won’t find out in 20 years that someone unlocked some new message inside of The Witness.
More important, this is a message that sometimes the search for truth can go wrong. It can lead you into bottomless pits that have no purpose.
This most often happens when you start with a belief or idea — like Shakespeare is really Sir Francis Bacon — and begin searching for patterns in the evidence to support that notion. The Witness doubles down on the perils of beginning a search with an answer or even a question in mind in a second clip from Feynman.
In 1981, the physicist gave an interview with BBC where he talked about why it’s important for people investigating the world to never predetermine what it is they’re trying to do. This leads him to criticize the “special stories” of religions, which are nearly always guilty or providing certain, single solutions for subjects that are impossible to prove.
As a counter to that way of approaching the world, Feynman suggests that you should assume that “everything is possibly wrong.” It’s easier to accept new experiences and new evidence if you are purely seeking instead of trying to match the world to your preconceived ideas.
The Witness has a story. You might not believe that because it is easy to miss, but a narrative pops up in a handful of the audio logs.
In these clips we get to hear conversations between the voice cast: Ashley Johnson. Phil LaMarr. Matthew Waterson. Terra Deva. But they are not quoting anyone famous. Instead, they are playing the people who curated the audio for this island that actually exists in the reality of The Witness.
We hear them talk about visiting the island. They reference how it changed them and how it puts them in a “very susceptible state.” They also discuss lucid dreaming and memory suppression along with some sort of test.
Thanks to this Reddit post for helping me find these clips.
The plot is loose and leaves lots of room for you to fill in the gaps. It starts with LaMarr and Waterson arguing about whether or not to include some raw conversations. It then includes an example of that where Waterson embarrasses himself by asking Johnson if she wants a sandwich. Another audio log has the team discussing the difficulty of including atheists. And it ends with the actors talking about visiting the island and how it has changed them and has them thinking about things differently.
But the story and who these people are isn’t nearly as fascinating as what they say about their work. The most important thing here is the discussion about authenticity.
LaMarr is trying to convince Waterson about the benefits of including authentic conversations, and the reason he wants this is another important point about the game and about every clever person The Witness holds up as an example of intelligence.
This is The Witness shouting in your face that it is not presenting any answers because everything in the game is about truth-seeking and contemplation. Even the most religious pieces of audio, from someone like Nicholas of Cusa, dwell on how humans know nothing and should always keep looking.
And many of us need to hear the game say that because otherwise we’d assume that the final solution to all these ideas is still buried somewhere within.
As a bonus, LaMarr’s point that this is “an endeavor built by human beings” and a clip where Johnson wants to try the Cusa quote for herself after visiting the island tie the plot into the central theme of The Witness. This a team of people working together to find the truth of their performance. They are also always learning from one another and building new skills, and this enables them to build something better.
Finally, the last major point of The Witness is that you should stop seeking the truth. I know this sounds like it is counter to everything that has come before, but it comes with a caveat: Stop seeking the truth if what you are looking for is peace, love, and happiness.
The fifth and six videos from the theater room touch heavily on this. The first of these is a man on a stool who talks about nonduality. This is Rupert Spira, a British potter and philosopher. His ideas of nonduality (which Hal Holbrook touches on in an the sixth season of The Sopranos) is that you are already complete. You are an entity that experiences consciousness and knowing, and that is enough to make you feel at peace. And your searching only comes in to serve the separate self that exists in a body that you perceive as having sensations and compulsions that need quenching.
This is an abstract way of saying you are already happy, and you don’t need external input for love.
The Witness builds on this idea in the second of these two videos, which features spiritual leader Gangaji talking about how to achieve peace.
She says that you can find out who you are by ending your chase for a career, romance, truth. Instead, let calmness and silence overtake you, and that will reveal to you that you have everything that makes you complete.
At this point, The Witness is discussing subjects that are well removed from the act of playing The Witness.
It’s possible that Blow is suggesting that you are discovering silence in the moments when your mind creates the solution to a puzzle in your head. Or when you step away from the game, and come back to find that you immediately have the answer to something that was stumping you for hours.
But it’s also possible that we are on the other end of a journey. We started with Burke telling us that we should ask questions and believe in our ability to get the answers. But he never said that would make us happy. And Spira and Gangaji are here to remind us that an outward search isn’t the key to feeling peace and love — to find those resources, you’ll need to stop and remember what is within.
I think it might be easy to take the message of Spira and Gangaji as an antithesis that undoes the rest of The Witness. Both of them suggest that you stop looking in order to feel love and peace. But love, peace, and happiness are not the only things that fulfill us as human beings. If they are, and Blow knows this, why even make a game?
Well, you make a game because you want to inspire people with awe.
Throughout the game people like Einstein, Feynman, and Nicholas of Cusa have repeatedly revealed why we look for truth even if it won’t make us happy. But developer Moriarty puts it best in his Psalm 46 video when he tells us that we dig into things like Shakespeare and Bach because their creativity is a revelatory experience that fills us with awe.
And this search is what drives us to the edge and convinces us that we need to go even further — even if that is sometimes dangerous and cruel.
It was awe that pushed Schweickart into space. It was our species’s collective desire for something awesome that led to the atomic bomb. It was our need to describe the awe-inspiring experience of human life that led to the West adopting Shakespeare as its spokesperson.
And as pretentious as it sounds, I think that Blow was going for that with The Witness. You’ll have to decide for yourself if it approaches that, but I think it’s worth applauding the ambition.
None of this means The Witness is above criticism. But I think it’s worth figuring out what something means so that I can figure out what is wrong with it. I do this to myself. I’ll do it with this game.
But I do think that playing this and breaking everything down has changed me. It helped me realize that I don’t need to immediately attack every idea before I let myself fully embrace it and understand it. I shouldn’t deflect everything. Instead, I can let all new notions in, and then — once they are a part of me — I can lop off what doesn’t work.
That’s exactly what the process of figuring out puzzles in The Witness is like. You let every idea occur to you and you shave away what doesn’t work until you are left with a solution.
Outside of games, we don’t have absolute “solutions” — but we can still use these skills to grow, to learn more, and to search farther. Just like we use the absolute rules of games like football and soccer to help us figure out an indefinite world.
And I don’t know if that revelation is something that fills me with awe, but I do know that I like it.
Oh, and I fully understand it if all this seems like horseshit to you because you are too busy paying bills and having fun with friends. | 2019-04-26T03:51:57Z | https://venturebeat.com/2016/09/13/the-witness-what-it-means/ |
Last night in printmaking class at Red Brick, we learned to make Chine-colle prints. Chine-colle means pasted paper, and the process combines collage and printmaking. We put glue on the pieces of paper to be collaged. arrange them on the plate glue side up, and run the plate through the printing press. The result is a collage. Chine-colle can also be combined with printing with ink. This is the first of four Chine-colle prints that I made last night. The instructor suggested we make a Chine-colle with a drawing or a picture. I didn't have anything at hand, so I made a quick drawing of a mountain and sun with magic marker. I used textured paper for the band at the bottom of the composition. I also inked a second plate with blue because I wanted to try a "double drop" (two plates) to see how the printing and collage worked together. This is what the image looked like when I was finished. The only disappointment was that the textured paper was completely flattened by the press. Otherwise, I was happy with the image, but more important, very excited about learning this new process.
This is a side view of the collage and decoupage project I have been working on, a keepsake box covered with pieces of printed metallic ribbon. The heart-shaped box originally held a Mother's Day gift from my daughter. When I worked on this last Wednesday, I didn't have much time, so just intended to add some pieces of brown ribbon to the background of the floral design on the top. But I found a good sized piece of ribbon in a red and gold paisley design that I really like. I used it to make my "Ribbon Roses Tray" last year, and I didn't think I had very much left. So I decided to start the edge of the top of my heart-shaped box by pasting pieces of the red and gold paisley pattern all around the edge, turning the box as I worked. I will have to use other patterns to complete this, but now I have some pieces of red paisley throughout the edge of box.
Last Wednesday morning, I had to go over to the studio to put away my stuff from printmaking class on Tuesday night. It was a busy week, and I wasn't intending to stay and make art. But once I opened the door to the studio, I decided that the outside world could wait for just a little while. So I worked on this project, a heart-shaped box that once held a Mother's Day gift from my daughter. I have been creating a collage and decoupage project out of it with printed metallic ribbons. Because I wasn't planning to stay long, I decided to concentrate on filling in the background with pieces of dark brown ribbon. I also added a bit to the leaves and flowers when the right piece appeared. (Because the right piece of paisley pattern ribbon turned up, I also started working on the side of the box lid. That isn't visible in this photo, but I will post a side view tomorrow.) I stayed for just an hour, but left the studio with more energy to draw from as I returned to the outside world, which was still there, waiting for me.
This is the last print of four from printmaking class last Tuesday night. For this one, I re-used a plate in order to keep the same composition, but I added more ink in green and a teal blue. I also ran the brayer over some netting to add texture. Although it was late and I was really tired when I finally finished this print, I was glad I kept going because I thought it was the best of the four prints I made that night. The combination of dark blue sky and pink mountains reminds me of looking toward the mountains west of Boulder as they reflect the rays of the eastern sunrise.
This is the third of four prints that I made Tuesday night in printmaking class at Red Brick Studios. For this image, I began with a plate that already been printed. (It was one of two plates used to make the image posted here on April 23rd.) My original idea was to do a ghost print of the plate by running it through the press again, but there wasn't enough ink left on the plate. So I put additional ink on the lower portion of the plate, and carved out the white areas by removing the ink with a piece of cardboard. I left the top portion of the plate alone, so in this image, the area that looks like sky is actually a ghost print.
I like to send e-mails to wish close friends and family a happy Passover, but this year I couldn't seem to get that done, not only because the week was very hectic, but also because I couldn't seem to get an idea for a Passover image. Well, I thought about this off and on all week, but had no good ideas. None. In the meantime, I started every day with matza for breakfast. I like to butter my matza, but it breaks into pieces if I butter it on a plate, so I put in on a paper towel. Now, mind you, I have been eating matza for breakfast everyday this week (not to mention sometimes for lunch and for snacks). Same routine, every time. Well, this morning I knew I had to send greetings out or else because Passover would soon be over, and as I made coffee, I considered punting and sending a photo of spring flowers or maybe going with a nice commercial e-card. I was still thinking as I got my matza out for breakfast and put it on the paper towel to butter it. I found myself admiring the pattern of the matza against the pattern of the paper towel. And suddenly the light dawned on Marblehead (as they say in Massachusetts) and I decided to take a photo of the matza for my little Passover e-mails. Once I transferred the photo into my computer, I posterized the image in Painter IX, and added a little more color with transparent "digital pastel". So here is my Passover image, with a tip of the hat to Bounty for the great pattern in the paper towel and Streit's Matzohs for the beautiful patterns in the matza. I can still use this image this year, although we are almost in the "Belated Passover" greetings category, and Hallmark has no card for that. But I also made this photo into a pattern in Painter IX, so I can use the pattern to make new designs when it is time for Passover next year.
This is the second of four prints that I made on Tuesday night in the printmaking class at Red Brick. I used two plates to make the first print (posted here yesterday). After that, my next idea was to use those plates again to make ghost prints (by running the plates through the press again), but there wasn't enough ink left on the plates to do that. But I did want to keep the a similar composition. So I added more ink to each of the plates. For the print in this post, I added blue and red to the bottom part of the plate, rolling the colors on with a brayer. Then I used cardboard to scrape out the highlighted areas of the mountain peaks. I left the top part of the plate alone, so the sky is really done as a ghost print. This image really reminds me of the Colorado mountains back home!
This is the first of four prints I made in last night's printmaking class at Red Brick. I made using with two plates, one inked with blue and one with red. I tried to create texture with some cut paper, but that technique didn't work because the printing press flattened the paper so much than none of the ink came through. But instead of giving up, I revised my idea in mid-stream, and actually added blue ink to the plate while it was still in the press! This was clearly the most frustrating of the four prints I made last night, and it is probably also the least successful from a visual standpoint. But I learned a lot from doing it, and I am glad I decided to keep going.
This began as a photo taken during a recent walk at Long Hill Gardens. These little blue flowers are blooming everywhere, creating the effect of a blue carpet. The scene they create looks magical, like Munchkinland (where everything is blue) in The Wizard of Oz. Well, I am a sucker for magic, so I took some pictures with my little digital camera. I wanted to capture the effect of a blue carpet with a wide shot, but I also took some closeup shots as well. Once I transferred the images into my computer, it was easy to see that the close-in views work much better. So I cropped and then cropped again to get a good view of the flowers in a pleasing composition. Then I posterized the image in Painter IX. I like the effect of the sunlight playing on the little blue flowers.
It is the third week in April, and about time for the magnolia tree to bloom. I have seen a few magnolia trees blooming around town, but the one in my yard is budding, not yet blooming. This tree is in a shady location, on the north side of the house, but I think it will bloom tomorrow if it is warm enough. This image began as a photo that I took of the same magnolia tree a few years ago, and I decided to posterize it tonight. Flowers help us mark the seasons, and in Boston, along with baseball and the Boston Marathon, April means magnolia trees.
On Friday morning, I went to Red Brick to work on this collage/decoupage project. The heart-shaped box once held a Mother's Day gift from my daughter. Now I am transforming it into a keepsake box, using metallic ribbons printed with floral and paisley patterns. On Friday, I concentrated on the border, which is going to be blue forget-me-not flowers and leaves. I also added more leaves around the roses. Progress seems slow because I have to find the right piece of the right pattern, and then make it fit. With the flowers and leaves, I try to place the pieces so the result looks somewhat natural or believable (so each leaf looks like it could be attached at that angle, etc.). The experience is much like doing a jig-saw puzzle in reverse. However painstaking the work, it is not tedious to me, and I am having a great time. This is fortunate, because this is just the top of the box, so there is quite a bit left to do.
I always buy a big bunch of parsley for Passover. I love the taste of parsley and I always eat any that comes my way! But I also love the way it looks! This image began as a photo that I took of a bunch of parsley on my kitchen counter. I decided to make the photo into a digital woodcut with Painter IX to emphasize the texture of the leaves. Then I used a gentle color overlay on the background. This may sound like a lot of trouble for something that is usually just a garnish, easily overlooked. But on Passover, parsley becomes part of the rituals of the seder. (It is dipped in salt water, combining the hope of spring and the remembrance of tears). Ritual, like art, can call our attention to things that we ordinarily overlook.
This is the third print from Tuesday night's printmaking class at Red Brick. I am using the mountains (Colorado Rockies) as subject matter. For all the prints I made this week, I experimented with using materials to create texture. For all three prints that I made, the material I used was some netting, the kind used to package fruits and vegetables. In the first print (posted two days ago), I ran the plate through the printing press with pieces of netting on it. The second print (posted yesterday) is a ghost image of the first, so the grid pattern was made by ink that remained on the plate once the netting was gone. For this third print, I put the pieces of netting under the brayer and then ran the brayer back and forth over the netting to create texture. Then I ran the plate through the press, and this is the result.
This is the second of three prints that I made in Tuesday night's printmaking class at Red Brick. After I made the first print (Mountains and Sky with Grid, posted here yesterday), I could see that there was still a good amount of ink left on the plate, so I decided to try making a ghost print from the plate. (A ghost print is a print made from the ink remaining on a plate after it has been printed). This is the result: the same imagery with softer colors. I was experimenting with adding texture. I created the grid with pieces of netting, and the pattern remained on the plate after I removed the net. I didn't know if the grid pattern would show up in the ghost print, but I was glad to see that it did.
Last night was the first of three more printmaking classes in a session I am taking at Red Brick Studios. I am using memories of the Colorado mountains for my imagery because I love the mountains, and often paint them. With familiar subject matter, I can focus on process, which certainly gave me enough to struggle with last night. I decided to experiment with adding texture with various materials. Of the materials available, I chose netting (often used for packaging oranges) because I liked the square grid pattern. For this print, I used one plate, and applied red and blue pigment to create mountains and sky, using a small, narrow brayer to create some variation in value. Then I tore triangular pieces of netting, ran the brayer over them to try to get them to stick, and then put the whole thing through the printing press, net and all. After running the plate through the press, I was VERY disappointed because the netting had left very strong white areas that overwhelmed everything else in the image. But instead of taking the print off the press and discarding it, I removed the netting from the plate and ran the press over the plate (and the same piece of paper) a second time, in the other direction, and the result was the image posted here here. The added color from the second time through really helped. The netting was still visible, but more subtle, and the mountains and sky could also be seen clearly. I was much happier with the result. The grid inexplicably floating in the sky is surreal and illogical, but makes me think about visual puns (sky and water), and verbal puns, like cell phone networks or internet crisscrossing the mountains. In any case, I am glad I kept going and found a way to salvage this image.
Yesterday I posted a posterized version of a photo of daffodils, taken back in 2006. Yesterday I also made a digital woodcut of the same image. I used Painter IX and played around with the options until I had the amount of black and the number of colors that I wanted. I think this version is a bit more dramatic than the posterized photo.
Today was a busy day, but while I was right in the middle of a very important conversation, I realized that I was looking at daffodils blooming outside. That's when I realized that after all this waiting around for it, spring snuck up on me while I wasn't looking! Unfortunately, there was no chance to take pictures of the daffodils I saw today. I hope I will another opportunity, but meanwhile tonight I found some photos of daffodils that I took back in March of 2006. The one I like best is very simple picture of daffodils in my stainless steel kitchen sink, as I got them ready to go into a vase. Tonight I opened the photo in Painter IX and used digital pastel to clean up one little distracting piece of foliage. Then I posterized the photo, and here it is.
This weekend I spent a little time working on this project. This is a heart-shaped box which originally held a Mother's Day gift from my daughter. Now I am transforming it into a keepsake box with collage and decoupage. I am using printed metallic ribbons with acrylic medium and a little bit of metallic acrylic paint for the edges. This weekend I worked mainly on the border, using going to little blue forget-me-not flowers and golden leaves cut out of the ribbons. I still have a lot of ribbons, but there are only two remaining that have a floral design. So it takes a little time to find the pieces I need. I am not doing a lot of planning, but just let the design develop as I work, and I sometimes I feel like I am watching this thing assemble itself. Well, I only worked on this for a short while, but it was wonderful time spent in this fantasy garden.
This is the photo that I posted yesterday, but posterized with Painter IX. I adjusted the levels of posterizing until I got the variation in shape and color that I was after. I am glad that I stopped rushing through my errands just around long enough to take this picture at the grocery store.
Here north of Boston, it's a long wait for spring weather, although we are finally getting some warmer days here and there. Today there were baskets of pansies on display outside the supermarket, a sure sign of confidence that spring is coming. Pansies can be planted when the temperatures are still too low for anything else. I was happy to see the pansies and took some quick pictures with my phonecam. I liked this photo the best, so I cropped out a truck that was in the background, and adjusted the contrast. Then I opened the image in Painter IX and used digital pastel to repair some torn petals on one flower. I also used digital pastel so simplify a distracting pattern in a small area of the background. This was a bit of fuss for this little image, but I thought this photo had potential and I wanted to clean it up to posterize it. To be continued. . . .
This is a posterized version of the photo I posted here yesterday. I opened the image in Painter IX and adjusted the posterizing controls until I got the effect I wanted, the bright lights dancing on the water.
This is a crop from a photo that I took one night last week with my digital camera when we stopped at Beverly's newest Starbucks. The dog and I waited in the car while my daughter ran in to get coffee. The parking lot has a great view! I loved the lights of the city on the water so I grabbed my digital camera and took a quick picture without thinking about settings or even the fact that my headlights were on! And then it was time to go. Later, when I transferred the picture into the computer, I could see that the headlights had indeed ruined the foreground, and I needed to crop out the car's interior. But still, once I had done the cropping, I did have a nice image of what interested me most, the city lights reflected in the quiet river. Because of the darkness and the aggressive cropping, the focus is very soft. (It's not the camera this time; it's the photographer!) But I kind of like the effect of the soft focus. And I think it has possibilities for a posterized image. To be continued. . .
Today I finally had a chance to go back to the studio and work on this project. I am making a collage and decoupage project from this box that originally held a Mother's Day gift from my daughter. I am creating the design using printed ribbons, two or three inches wide. Today I added some forget-me-knot flowers around the edges of the heart. (After all, this is going to be a box for keepsakes.) I also used some gold metallic paint (acrylic) around the rim of the box. This will make it a bit easier when I am pasting ribbon near the edges. The paint is transparent in thin coats, and works well with the ribbons I am using, all of which have a metallic sheen. I had a great time this morning. The hour flew by and it was hard to stop! To be continued. . . .
This is the second print that I made last Thursday night at printmaking class at Red Brick. It was made by printing a plate a second time without re-inking it, creating a paler version of the same image. I had already made a monotype using two plates (see yesterday's post). I removed the shapes cut from myelar (inked in red); there was still plenty of blue pigment left on the plate, especially where those myelar shapes had been. So I used the plate to print on another piece of paper, and here it is. I was surprised by some of the effects, but pleased on the whole. The texture was created when I pulled off up the myelar sheets, and there are also some traces of red pigment. The image reminds me of the Colorado mountains on a snowy day.
I made this monotype in Thursday night's printmaking class. We each made a print using two plates. The teacher also demonstrated how to use shapes cut from myelar sheets. I am still using familiar mountain imagery so I can concentrate on learning the process. First I made the cutouts, cutting the myelar sheet into two pieces with just one curving diagonal line, for a mountainous shape. I decided that I would use the other half of the myelar sheet at the top of the plate, so the bottom edge would create another mountain silhouette. Then I covered the first plate with blue pigment, put red pigment on the two myelar shapes, and placed them on the inked plate. I used cardboard to scrape away some of the red and blue pigment, to add texture and to create light areas where ink from the second plate could show through. For the second plate, I mixed a pink color and added some gel to create transparency. The second plate is supposed to add a layer of transparent color and perhaps texture to the print. When both of my plates were ready, I ran the first plate through the press, creating the dark red and blue areas. Then I ran the same piece of paper through the press with the second plate, creating the pink areas. The two plates weren't lined up perfectly, so there is some white at the bottom and a pink area at the top. But I liked the effect and really enjoyed learning something new!
This is a colorized version of the photo I posted yesterday, a snapshot rescued from my mother's album. This was taken during my parents' honeymoon trip to New York, just before my dad was shipped overseas to Europe. The pink tone in the photo appeared when I scanned it into the computer, and it gave me the idea of adding more color. I used Painter's digital pastel to add some soft color, to make it look like an old tinted photograph. (I looked at some color images of Radio City because I wasn't sure of the colors. During the day, the big letters of Radio City look red, but at night when the lights are on, they look orange or yellow.) Well, in any case, I am not going for historical accuracy here. I am just using color to suggest the sense of excitement of seeing that I imagine my mom experienced when she saw Radio City Music Hall on her first trip to New York City.
Today I found a snapshot in my mother's photo album and decided to rescue it. This album begins with my mom's first date with my dad. They met during World War II; my father was from Brooklyn but was stationed in Pueblo, and met my mom there at a USO dance. After dating just three months, they married on April 4th, and went to New York for a brief honeymoon (and for my mom to meet dad's family) just before my dad was shipped overseas. My mom kept the album going while he was away, including snapshots of what was going on at home in Pueblo, and snapshots that my dad sent home from Europe. She pasted the photos down on black paper and wrote captions for the photos in white ink. That's how I know that they went to Radio City Music Hall on April 22 to see the Easter Revue and "Flight to Freedom". This was one of several Broadway shows and performances that they saw that week, and I am sure the excitement of the trip and the shows was a great distraction for both of them, in the face of an uncertain future and the long separation ahead. I don't whether the photographer was my mom or my dad. The original snapshot is very small. I scanned it into the computer. I really liked the basic composition, so I just cropped it a bit to eliminate some sidewalk and a manhole cover. I adjusted the contrast, and used Painter IX to sharpen the focus and clean up one scratch. The pink tones were there when I opened the file in the computer. I kind of like the pink; in fact, it made me think about adding more color to the image. To be continued. . . .
On Tuesday, I went up to the studio and started a project I have been thinking about for quite a while. I am going to do another collage and decoupage project, similar to the tray I made last summer (which you can find here by searching for "Ribbon Roses" or styrofoam). Just like last time, I am using printed metallic ribbon, given to me by a friend. But this time, I am covering a heart-shaped box which originally held a wonderful Mother's Day gift from my daughter. I saved the box because I wanted to make it into a keepsake box. On Tuesday, I started by covering up the big Clinique label on the front, and worked out this composition as I did so, starting with a few of the cabbage roses leftover from the Ribbon Roses Tray. I am using acrylic gel medium as the glue. I had fun placing the roses and leaves, and had a wonderful time getting this started. I know from making the Ribbon Roses Tray how laborious this can be, but I hope to avoid some of the mistakes I made last time. In any case, I really enjoyed working on this project, and can hardly wait to get back to it.
Two days ago, I posted a photo of yellow crocus, and yesterday posted a posterized version of it. This is a digital woodcut made from the same photo, using Painter IX. The colors are less intense, but the shapes and patterns are more apparent. I think this version has potential as a pattern, and I might try that later on in the week.
This is the photo I posted yesterday, posterized using Painter IX. Posterizing creates flat areas of color, like a poster. It sometimes works well with low resolution photos, like this one. In this case, I think the effect is to make the colors just a little brighter. | 2019-04-23T17:54:51Z | http://randiart.blogspot.com/2008/04/ |
Subsets and Splits