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Value-at-Risk estimates we obtain are in full agreement with Maximum Likelihood approaches, but our methodology provides richer information about the clustering structure of the data and the presence of outlying points. | <clarity> Value-at-Risk estimates we obtain are in full agreement with Maximum Likelihood approaches, but our methodology provides richer information about the clustering structure of the data and the presence of outlying points. | Value-at-Risk estimates are in full agreement with Maximum Likelihood approaches, but our methodology provides richer information about the clustering structure of the data and the presence of outlying points. | clarity | 0.92550176 | 0809.0241 | 1 |
Then, we focus on random fields with a log-affine structure and provide necessary and sufficient conditions for self-generation in that case. | <meaning-changed> Then, we focus on random fields with a log-affine structure and provide necessary and sufficient conditions for self-generation in that case. | Then, we focus on random fields with a exponential structure and provide necessary and sufficient conditions for self-generation in that case. | meaning-changed | 0.99922156 | 0809.0739 | 1 |
We propose a mathematical framework for the study of a family of random fields - called forward performances - which arise as numerical representation of certain rational preference relations in mathematical finance. | <fluency> We propose a mathematical framework for the study of a family of random fields - called forward performances - which arise as numerical representation of certain rational preference relations in mathematical finance. | We propose a mathematical framework for the study of a family of random fields--called forward performances--which arise as numerical representation of certain rational preference relations in mathematical finance. | fluency | 0.99916184 | 0809.0739 | 2 |
Then , we focus on random fields with a exponential structure and provide necessary and sufficient conditions for self-generation in that case. | <fluency> Then , we focus on random fields with a exponential structure and provide necessary and sufficient conditions for self-generation in that case. | Then we focus on random fields with a exponential structure and provide necessary and sufficient conditions for self-generation in that case. | fluency | 0.97835565 | 0809.0739 | 2 |
Then , we focus on random fields with a exponential structure and provide necessary and sufficient conditions for self-generation in that case. | <fluency> Then , we focus on random fields with a exponential structure and provide necessary and sufficient conditions for self-generation in that case. | Then , we focus on random fields with an exponential structure and provide necessary and sufficient conditions for self-generation in that case. | fluency | 0.99930656 | 0809.0739 | 2 |
Finally, we illustrate our methods in financial markets driven by It\^o-processes, where we obtain an explicit parametrization of all log-affine forward performances. | <meaning-changed> Finally, we illustrate our methods in financial markets driven by It\^o-processes, where we obtain an explicit parametrization of all log-affine forward performances. | Finally, we illustrate our methods in financial markets driven by It\^o-processes, where we obtain an explicit parametrization of all exponential forward performances. | meaning-changed | 0.99852693 | 0809.0739 | 2 |
We construct an estimation and de-noising procedure for an input signal perturbed by a continuous-time Gaussian noise, using the local and occupation times of Gaussian processes. | <meaning-changed> We construct an estimation and de-noising procedure for an input signal perturbed by a continuous-time Gaussian noise, using the local and occupation times of Gaussian processes. | Using integration by parts on Gaussian space we construct a Stein Unbiased Risk Estimator (SURE) for the drift of Gaussian processes using their local and occupation times of Gaussian processes. | meaning-changed | 0.9961559 | 0809.1516 | 1 |
We construct an estimation and de-noising procedure for an input signal perturbed by a continuous-time Gaussian noise, using the local and occupation times of Gaussian processes. The method relies on the almost-sure minimization of a Stein Unbiased Risk Estimator (SURE ) obtained through integration by parts on Gaussian space, and applied to shrinkage estimators which are constructed by soft and hard thresholding . | <clarity> We construct an estimation and de-noising procedure for an input signal perturbed by a continuous-time Gaussian noise, using the local and occupation times of Gaussian processes. The method relies on the almost-sure minimization of a Stein Unbiased Risk Estimator (SURE ) obtained through integration by parts on Gaussian space, and applied to shrinkage estimators which are constructed by soft and hard thresholding . | We construct an estimation and de-noising procedure for an input signal perturbed by a continuous-time Gaussian noise, using the local and occupation times . By almost-sure minimization of a Stein Unbiased Risk Estimator (SURE ) obtained through integration by parts on Gaussian space, and applied to shrinkage estimators which are constructed by soft and hard thresholding . | clarity | 0.9982889 | 0809.1516 | 1 |
The method relies on the almost-sure minimization of a Stein Unbiased Risk Estimator (SURE ) obtained through integration by parts on Gaussian space, and applied to shrinkage estimators which are constructed by soft and hard thresholding . | <clarity> The method relies on the almost-sure minimization of a Stein Unbiased Risk Estimator (SURE ) obtained through integration by parts on Gaussian space, and applied to shrinkage estimators which are constructed by soft and hard thresholding . | The method relies on the almost-sure minimization of the SURE risk of shrinkage estimators we derive an estimation and de-noising procedure for an input signal perturbed by a continuous-time Gaussian noise . | clarity | 0.9879352 | 0809.1516 | 1 |
Affine term structure models have gained a lot of attention in the finance literature, which is due to their analytic tractability and statistical flexibility. | <clarity> Affine term structure models have gained a lot of attention in the finance literature, which is due to their analytic tractability and statistical flexibility. | Affine term structure models have gained significant attention in the finance literature, which is due to their analytic tractability and statistical flexibility. | clarity | 0.9984804 | 0809.1985 | 1 |
Affine term structure models have gained a lot of attention in the finance literature, which is due to their analytic tractability and statistical flexibility. | <coherence> Affine term structure models have gained a lot of attention in the finance literature, which is due to their analytic tractability and statistical flexibility. | Affine term structure models have gained a lot of attention in the finance literature, mainly due to their analytic tractability and statistical flexibility. | coherence | 0.99773705 | 0809.1985 | 1 |
Affine term structure models have gained a lot of attention in the finance literature, which is due to their analytic tractability and statistical flexibility. | <fluency> Affine term structure models have gained a lot of attention in the finance literature, which is due to their analytic tractability and statistical flexibility. | Affine term structure models have gained a lot of attention in the finance literature, which is due to their analytical tractability and statistical flexibility. | fluency | 0.9970523 | 0809.1985 | 1 |
The aim of this article is to present both , theoretical foundations and empirical aspects . Starting from the first short rate models , namely the Vasicek and the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross ones, we then give an overview of some properties of affine processes and explain their relation to affine term structure models. | <meaning-changed> The aim of this article is to present both , theoretical foundations and empirical aspects . Starting from the first short rate models , namely the Vasicek and the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross ones, we then give an overview of some properties of affine processes and explain their relation to affine term structure models. | The aim of this article is to present both theoretical foundations as well as empirical aspects of the affine model class . Starting from the first short rate models , namely the Vasicek and the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross ones, we then give an overview of some properties of affine processes and explain their relation to affine term structure models. | meaning-changed | 0.90224963 | 0809.1985 | 1 |
The aim of this article is to present both , theoretical foundations and empirical aspects . Starting from the first short rate models , namely the Vasicek and the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross ones, we then give an overview of some properties of affine processes and explain their relation to affine term structure models. | <meaning-changed> The aim of this article is to present both , theoretical foundations and empirical aspects . Starting from the first short rate models , namely the Vasicek and the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross ones, we then give an overview of some properties of affine processes and explain their relation to affine term structure models. | The aim of this article is to present both , theoretical foundations and empirical aspects . Starting from the original one-factor short-rate models of Vasicek and the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross ones, we then give an overview of some properties of affine processes and explain their relation to affine term structure models. | meaning-changed | 0.9995403 | 0809.1985 | 1 |
The aim of this article is to present both , theoretical foundations and empirical aspects . Starting from the first short rate models , namely the Vasicek and the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross ones, we then give an overview of some properties of affine processes and explain their relation to affine term structure models. | <coherence> The aim of this article is to present both , theoretical foundations and empirical aspects . Starting from the first short rate models , namely the Vasicek and the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross ones, we then give an overview of some properties of affine processes and explain their relation to affine term structure models. | The aim of this article is to present both , theoretical foundations and empirical aspects . Starting from the first short rate models , namely the Vasicek and Cox an overview of some properties of affine processes and explain their relation to affine term structure models. | coherence | 0.9968581 | 0809.1985 | 1 |
The aim of this article is to present both , theoretical foundations and empirical aspects . Starting from the first short rate models , namely the Vasicek and the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross ones, we then give an overview of some properties of affine processes and explain their relation to affine term structure models. | <meaning-changed> The aim of this article is to present both , theoretical foundations and empirical aspects . Starting from the first short rate models , namely the Vasicek and the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross ones, we then give an overview of some properties of affine processes and explain their relation to affine term structure models. | The aim of this article is to present both , theoretical foundations and empirical aspects . Starting from the first short rate models , namely the Vasicek and the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross ones, we then giveet al, an overview of some properties of affine processes and explain their relation to affine term structure models. | meaning-changed | 0.79657185 | 0809.1985 | 1 |
The aim of this article is to present both , theoretical foundations and empirical aspects . Starting from the first short rate models , namely the Vasicek and the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross ones, we then give an overview of some properties of affine processes and explain their relation to affine term structure models. | <meaning-changed> The aim of this article is to present both , theoretical foundations and empirical aspects . Starting from the first short rate models , namely the Vasicek and the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross ones, we then give an overview of some properties of affine processes and explain their relation to affine term structure models. | The aim of this article is to present both , theoretical foundations and empirical aspects . Starting from the first short rate models , namely the Vasicek and the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross ones, we then give we provide an overview of some properties of affine processes and explain their relation to affine term structure models. | meaning-changed | 0.56508714 | 0809.1985 | 1 |
The aim of this article is to present both , theoretical foundations and empirical aspects . Starting from the first short rate models , namely the Vasicek and the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross ones, we then give an overview of some properties of affine processes and explain their relation to affine term structure models. | <meaning-changed> The aim of this article is to present both , theoretical foundations and empirical aspects . Starting from the first short rate models , namely the Vasicek and the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross ones, we then give an overview of some properties of affine processes and explain their relation to affine term structure models. | The aim of this article is to present both , theoretical foundations and empirical aspects . Starting from the first short rate models , namely the Vasicek and the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross ones, we then give an overview of the properties of regular affine processes and explain their relation to affine term structure models. | meaning-changed | 0.876406 | 0809.1985 | 1 |
The aim of this article is to present both , theoretical foundations and empirical aspects . Starting from the first short rate models , namely the Vasicek and the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross ones, we then give an overview of some properties of affine processes and explain their relation to affine term structure models. | <fluency> The aim of this article is to present both , theoretical foundations and empirical aspects . Starting from the first short rate models , namely the Vasicek and the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross ones, we then give an overview of some properties of affine processes and explain their relation to affine term structure models. | The aim of this article is to present both , theoretical foundations and empirical aspects . Starting from the first short rate models , namely the Vasicek and the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross ones, we then give an overview of some properties of affine processes and explain their relationship to affine term structure models. | fluency | 0.99916995 | 0809.1985 | 1 |
Pricing and estimation techniques are eventually mentioned, showing how the analytic tractability of affine models can be exploited for practical purposes. | <clarity> Pricing and estimation techniques are eventually mentioned, showing how the analytic tractability of affine models can be exploited for practical purposes. | Methods for securities pricing and for parameter estimation are also discussed, demonstrating how the analytical tractability of affine models can be exploited for practical purposes. | clarity | 0.9968567 | 0809.1985 | 1 |
We discuss the valuation problem for a broad spectrum of plain vanilla and path-dependent options in a general modeling framework, and specifically for L\'evy driven models. | <meaning-changed> We discuss the valuation problem for a broad spectrum of plain vanilla and path-dependent options in a general modeling framework, and specifically for L\'evy driven models. | The aim of this article is to provide a systematic analysis of the conditions such that Fourier transform valuation formulas are valid in a general modeling framework, and specifically for L\'evy driven models. | meaning-changed | 0.90073574 | 0809.3405 | 1 |
We discuss the valuation problem for a broad spectrum of plain vanilla and path-dependent options in a general modeling framework, and specifically for L\'evy driven models. Among the derivatives which we consider are digitals, double digitals, asset-or-nothing options, self-quantos, lookback and one-touch options. Extensions to the multivariate case, i.e. basket options and options on the minimum or maximum of several assets are considered as well. | <coherence> We discuss the valuation problem for a broad spectrum of plain vanilla and path-dependent options in a general modeling framework, and specifically for L\'evy driven models. Among the derivatives which we consider are digitals, double digitals, asset-or-nothing options, self-quantos, lookback and one-touch options. Extensions to the multivariate case, i.e. basket options and options on the minimum or maximum of several assets are considered as well. | We discuss the valuation problem for a broad spectrum of plain vanilla and path-dependent options in a general framework; i.e. basket options and options on the minimum or maximum of several assets are considered as well. | coherence | 0.7078829 | 0809.3405 | 1 |
Extensions to the multivariate case, i.e. basket options and options on the minimum or maximum of several assets are considered as well. As a link to credit risk we derive a valuation formula for equity default swaps. The key idea of this Fourier, resp. Laplace transform based approach is the clear separation of two ingredients, namely the payoff function and the underlying process . | <meaning-changed> Extensions to the multivariate case, i.e. basket options and options on the minimum or maximum of several assets are considered as well. As a link to credit risk we derive a valuation formula for equity default swaps. The key idea of this Fourier, resp. Laplace transform based approach is the clear separation of two ingredients, namely the payoff function and the underlying process . | Extensions to the multivariate case, i.e. when the option has an arbitrary payoff function and depends on the path of the asset price process. An interplay between the conditions on the payoff function and the underlying process . | meaning-changed | 0.9738918 | 0809.3405 | 1 |
Laplace transform based approach is the clear separation of two ingredients, namely the payoff function and the underlying process . The latter can be the driving process itself, but also the supremum or infimum or another process derived from it. For L\'evy processes the analytically extended characteristic functions of the supremum and the infimum process are derived . | <meaning-changed> Laplace transform based approach is the clear separation of two ingredients, namely the payoff function and the underlying process . The latter can be the driving process itself, but also the supremum or infimum or another process derived from it. For L\'evy processes the analytically extended characteristic functions of the supremum and the infimum process are derived . | Laplace transform based approach is the clear separation of two ingredients, namely the payoff function and the process arises naturally. We also extend these results to the multi-dimensional case, and discuss the calculation of Greeks by Fourier transform methods. As an application, we price options on the minimum of two assets in L\'evy and stochastic volatility models . | meaning-changed | 0.99955577 | 0809.3405 | 1 |
Bouchaud and Mezard have proposed an interesting model of economy [Bouchaud and Mezard (2000)] based on trade and investments of agents. | <fluency> Bouchaud and Mezard have proposed an interesting model of economy [Bouchaud and Mezard (2000)] based on trade and investments of agents. | Bouchaud and M\'ezard have proposed an interesting model of economy [Bouchaud and Mezard (2000)] based on trade and investments of agents. | fluency | 0.99276793 | 0809.4139 | 1 |
Bouchaud and Mezard have proposed an interesting model of economy [Bouchaud and Mezard (2000)] based on trade and investments of agents. | <fluency> Bouchaud and Mezard have proposed an interesting model of economy [Bouchaud and Mezard (2000)] based on trade and investments of agents. | Bouchaud and Mezard have proposed an interesting model of economy [Bouchaud and M\'ezard (2000)] based on trade and investments of agents. | fluency | 0.99898833 | 0809.4139 | 1 |
Certain short polycations, such as TAT and polyarginine, rapidly pass through cell plasma membranes by an unknown mechanism called transduction. | <meaning-changed> Certain short polycations, such as TAT and polyarginine, rapidly pass through cell plasma membranes by an unknown mechanism called transduction. | Certain short polycations, such as TAT and polyarginine, rapidly pass through the plasma membranes of mammalian cells by an unknown mechanism called transduction. | meaning-changed | 0.98581994 | 0810.2358 | 1 |
These cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) when fused to biologically active peptides promise to be medically useful . | <fluency> These cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) when fused to biologically active peptides promise to be medically useful . | These cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) promise to be medically useful when fused to biologically active peptides promise to be medically useful . | fluency | 0.4381132 | 0810.2358 | 1 |
These cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) when fused to biologically active peptides promise to be medically useful . | <clarity> These cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) when fused to biologically active peptides promise to be medically useful . | These cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) when fused to biologically active peptides . | clarity | 0.9990422 | 0810.2358 | 1 |
I offer a simple model in which phosphatidylserines (and possibly other anions) transduce CPPs. | <clarity> I offer a simple model in which phosphatidylserines (and possibly other anions) transduce CPPs. | I offer a simple model in which phosphatidylserines transduce CPPs. | clarity | 0.6906331 | 0810.2358 | 1 |
The model is consistent with the empirical upper limit on the cargo peptide of about 35 amino acids. | <meaning-changed> The model is consistent with the empirical upper limit on the cargo peptide of about 35 amino acids. | The model is consistent with the empirical upper limit on the cargo peptide of about 50 amino acids. | meaning-changed | 0.99845254 | 0810.2358 | 1 |
More importantly, the model fits experimental data on how the transduction of a polyarginine-fluorophore into mouse C2C12 myoblasts depends on the number of arginines in the CPP and on the CPP concentration . | <clarity> More importantly, the model fits experimental data on how the transduction of a polyarginine-fluorophore into mouse C2C12 myoblasts depends on the number of arginines in the CPP and on the CPP concentration . | More importantly, it fits experimental data on how the transduction of a polyarginine-fluorophore into mouse C2C12 myoblasts depends on the number of arginines in the CPP and on the CPP concentration . | clarity | 0.9983492 | 0810.2358 | 1 |
More importantly, the model fits experimental data on how the transduction of a polyarginine-fluorophore into mouse C2C12 myoblasts depends on the number of arginines in the CPP and on the CPP concentration . | <meaning-changed> More importantly, the model fits experimental data on how the transduction of a polyarginine-fluorophore into mouse C2C12 myoblasts depends on the number of arginines in the CPP and on the CPP concentration . | More importantly, the model fits experimental data on how the transduction of a polyarginine-fluorophore into mouse C2C12 myoblasts depends on the number of arginines in the CPP and on the CPP concentration . The model makes two testable predictions . | meaning-changed | 0.9992969 | 0810.2358 | 1 |
Certain short polycations, such as TAT and polyarginine, rapidly pass through the plasma membranes of mammalian cells by an unknown mechanism called transduction . | <meaning-changed> Certain short polycations, such as TAT and polyarginine, rapidly pass through the plasma membranes of mammalian cells by an unknown mechanism called transduction . | Certain short polycations, such as TAT and polyarginine, rapidly pass through the plasma membranes of mammalian cells by an unknown mechanism called transduction as well as by endocytosis and macropinocytosis . | meaning-changed | 0.9994567 | 0810.2358 | 2 |
I offer a simple model in which phosphatidylserines transduce CPPs . | <meaning-changed> I offer a simple model in which phosphatidylserines transduce CPPs . | I offer a simple model in which one or more CPPs and the phosphatidylserines of the inner leaflet form a kind of capacitor with a voltage in excess of 180 mV, high enough to create a molecular electropore . | meaning-changed | 0.9994506 | 0810.2358 | 2 |
The model is consistent with the empirical upper limit on the cargo peptide of about 50 amino acids . | <fluency> The model is consistent with the empirical upper limit on the cargo peptide of about 50 amino acids . | The model is consistent with an empirical upper limit on the cargo peptide of about 50 amino acids . | fluency | 0.99693894 | 0810.2358 | 2 |
The model is consistent with the empirical upper limit on the cargo peptide of about 50 amino acids . More importantly, it fits experimental data on how the transduction of a polyarginine-fluorophore into mouse C2C12 myoblasts depends on the number of arginines in the CPP and on the CPP concentration. | <meaning-changed> The model is consistent with the empirical upper limit on the cargo peptide of about 50 amino acids . More importantly, it fits experimental data on how the transduction of a polyarginine-fluorophore into mouse C2C12 myoblasts depends on the number of arginines in the CPP and on the CPP concentration. | The model is consistent with the empirical upper limit on the cargo peptide of 40--60 amino acids and with experimental data on how the transduction of a polyarginine-fluorophore into mouse C2C12 myoblasts depends on the number of arginines in the CPP and on the CPP concentration. | meaning-changed | 0.999423 | 0810.2358 | 2 |
The model makes two testable predictions. | <meaning-changed> The model makes two testable predictions. | The model makes three testable predictions. | meaning-changed | 0.9960264 | 0810.2358 | 2 |
It is likely that comparison and alignment of biological networks will similarly revolutionize our understanding of biological systems . Existing network alignments are based largely upon information external to the networks, such as sequence, because purely topological alignment of large, noisy networks is a theoretically challenging problem that has yet to be solved . | <clarity> It is likely that comparison and alignment of biological networks will similarly revolutionize our understanding of biological systems . Existing network alignments are based largely upon information external to the networks, such as sequence, because purely topological alignment of large, noisy networks is a theoretically challenging problem that has yet to be solved . | Comparison and alignment of biological networks will similarly revolutionize our understanding of biological systems . Existing network alignments are based largely upon information external to the networks, such as sequence, because purely topological alignment of large, noisy networks is a theoretically challenging problem that has yet to be solved . | clarity | 0.98899686 | 0810.3280 | 1 |
It is likely that comparison and alignment of biological networks will similarly revolutionize our understanding of biological systems . Existing network alignments are based largely upon information external to the networks, such as sequence, because purely topological alignment of large, noisy networks is a theoretically challenging problem that has yet to be solved . | <clarity> It is likely that comparison and alignment of biological networks will similarly revolutionize our understanding of biological systems . Existing network alignments are based largely upon information external to the networks, such as sequence, because purely topological alignment of large, noisy networks is a theoretically challenging problem that has yet to be solved . | It is likely that comparison and alignment of biological networks will likely have a similar impact . Existing network alignments are based largely upon information external to the networks, such as sequence, because purely topological alignment of large, noisy networks is a theoretically challenging problem that has yet to be solved . | clarity | 0.9989526 | 0810.3280 | 1 |
It is likely that comparison and alignment of biological networks will similarly revolutionize our understanding of biological systems . Existing network alignments are based largely upon information external to the networks, such as sequence, because purely topological alignment of large, noisy networks is a theoretically challenging problem that has yet to be solved . | <clarity> It is likely that comparison and alignment of biological networks will similarly revolutionize our understanding of biological systems . Existing network alignments are based largely upon information external to the networks, such as sequence, because purely topological alignment of large, noisy networks is a theoretically challenging problem that has yet to be solved . | It is likely that comparison and alignment of biological networks will similarly revolutionize our understanding of biological systems . Existing network alignments use information external to the networks, such as sequence, because purely topological alignment of large, noisy networks is a theoretically challenging problem that has yet to be solved . | clarity | 0.9989754 | 0810.3280 | 1 |
It is likely that comparison and alignment of biological networks will similarly revolutionize our understanding of biological systems . Existing network alignments are based largely upon information external to the networks, such as sequence, because purely topological alignment of large, noisy networks is a theoretically challenging problem that has yet to be solved . | <meaning-changed> It is likely that comparison and alignment of biological networks will similarly revolutionize our understanding of biological systems . Existing network alignments are based largely upon information external to the networks, such as sequence, because purely topological alignment of large, noisy networks is a theoretically challenging problem that has yet to be solved . | It is likely that comparison and alignment of biological networks will similarly revolutionize our understanding of biological systems . Existing network alignments are based largely upon information external to the networks, such as sequence, because no good algorithm for purely topological alignment of large, noisy networks is a theoretically challenging problem that has yet to be solved . | meaning-changed | 0.99816316 | 0810.3280 | 1 |
It is likely that comparison and alignment of biological networks will similarly revolutionize our understanding of biological systems . Existing network alignments are based largely upon information external to the networks, such as sequence, because purely topological alignment of large, noisy networks is a theoretically challenging problem that has yet to be solved . | <clarity> It is likely that comparison and alignment of biological networks will similarly revolutionize our understanding of biological systems . Existing network alignments are based largely upon information external to the networks, such as sequence, because purely topological alignment of large, noisy networks is a theoretically challenging problem that has yet to be solved . | It is likely that comparison and alignment of biological networks will similarly revolutionize our understanding of biological systems . Existing network alignments are based largely upon information external to the networks, such as sequence, because purely topological alignment has yet been devised . | clarity | 0.99912566 | 0810.3280 | 1 |
In this paper, we present the first alignments of large networks based solely upon detailed network topology, and demonstrate that both species phylogeny (the ``tree of life'') and detailed biological function of individual proteins can be extracted from topological comparisons of biological networks. | <clarity> In this paper, we present the first alignments of large networks based solely upon detailed network topology, and demonstrate that both species phylogeny (the ``tree of life'') and detailed biological function of individual proteins can be extracted from topological comparisons of biological networks. | In this paper, we present by far the most complete topological alignments of biological networks to date. We demonstrate that both species phylogeny (the ``tree of life'') and detailed biological function of individual proteins can be extracted from topological comparisons of biological networks. | clarity | 0.9902339 | 0810.3280 | 1 |
In this paper, we present the first alignments of large networks based solely upon detailed network topology, and demonstrate that both species phylogeny (the ``tree of life'') and detailed biological function of individual proteins can be extracted from topological comparisons of biological networks. | <clarity> In this paper, we present the first alignments of large networks based solely upon detailed network topology, and demonstrate that both species phylogeny (the ``tree of life'') and detailed biological function of individual proteins can be extracted from topological comparisons of biological networks. | In this paper, we present the first alignments of large networks based solely upon detailed network topology, and demonstrate that both species phylogeny and detailed biological function of individual proteins can be extracted from topological comparisons of biological networks. | clarity | 0.9954738 | 0810.3280 | 1 |
In this paper, we present the first alignments of large networks based solely upon detailed network topology, and demonstrate that both species phylogeny (the ``tree of life'') and detailed biological function of individual proteins can be extracted from topological comparisons of biological networks. Our phylogenetic trees provide a new and independent source of phylogenetic information. | <clarity> In this paper, we present the first alignments of large networks based solely upon detailed network topology, and demonstrate that both species phylogeny (the ``tree of life'') and detailed biological function of individual proteins can be extracted from topological comparisons of biological networks. Our phylogenetic trees provide a new and independent source of phylogenetic information. | In this paper, we present the first alignments of large networks based solely upon detailed network topology, and demonstrate that both species phylogeny (the ``tree of life'') and detailed biological function of individual proteins can be extracted from a solely topological comparison of networks. Topological alignments provide an independent new source of phylogenetic information. | clarity | 0.9989793 | 0810.3280 | 1 |
Our alignments are large, dense, and contiguous, suggesting functional predictions of hundreds of currently unannotated proteins. Finally, our alignment of the protein-protein interaction network of two very different species--yeast and human--indicate that even distant species share a surprising amount of network topology with each other, suggesting that there may be broad similarities in internal cellular wiring across all life on Earth. | <clarity> Our alignments are large, dense, and contiguous, suggesting functional predictions of hundreds of currently unannotated proteins. Finally, our alignment of the protein-protein interaction network of two very different species--yeast and human--indicate that even distant species share a surprising amount of network topology with each other, suggesting that there may be broad similarities in internal cellular wiring across all life on Earth. | Our alignment of the protein-protein interaction network of two very different species--yeast and human--indicate that even distant species share a surprising amount of network topology with each other, suggesting that there may be broad similarities in internal cellular wiring across all life on Earth. | clarity | 0.98817885 | 0810.3280 | 1 |
Finally, our alignment of the protein-protein interaction network of two very different species--yeast and human--indicate that even distant species share a surprising amount of network topology with each other, suggesting that there may be broad similarities in internal cellular wiring across all life on Earth. | <fluency> Finally, our alignment of the protein-protein interaction network of two very different species--yeast and human--indicate that even distant species share a surprising amount of network topology with each other, suggesting that there may be broad similarities in internal cellular wiring across all life on Earth. | Finally, our alignment of the protein-protein interaction networks of two very different species--yeast and human--indicate that even distant species share a surprising amount of network topology with each other, suggesting that there may be broad similarities in internal cellular wiring across all life on Earth. | fluency | 0.9990434 | 0810.3280 | 1 |
Finally, our alignment of the protein-protein interaction network of two very different species--yeast and human--indicate that even distant species share a surprising amount of network topology with each other, suggesting that there may be broad similarities in internal cellular wiring across all life on Earth. | <clarity> Finally, our alignment of the protein-protein interaction network of two very different species--yeast and human--indicate that even distant species share a surprising amount of network topology with each other, suggesting that there may be broad similarities in internal cellular wiring across all life on Earth. | Finally, our alignment of the protein-protein interaction network of two very different species--yeast and human--indicate that even distant species share a surprising amount of network topology with each other, suggesting broad similarities in internal cellular wiring across all life on Earth. | clarity | 0.8586488 | 0810.3280 | 1 |
In this paper, we present by far the most complete topological alignments of biological networks to date. | <meaning-changed> In this paper, we present by far the most complete topological alignments of biological networks to date. | In this paper, we present a novel algorithm based solely on network topology, that can be used to align any two networks. We apply it to biological networks to produce by far the most complete topological alignments of biological networks to date. | meaning-changed | 0.99946445 | 0810.3280 | 2 |
We demonstrate that both species phylogeny and detailed biological function of individual proteins can be extracted from a solely topological comparison of networks. Topological alignments provide an independent new source of phylogenetic information. | <clarity> We demonstrate that both species phylogeny and detailed biological function of individual proteins can be extracted from a solely topological comparison of networks. Topological alignments provide an independent new source of phylogenetic information. | We demonstrate that both species phylogeny and detailed biological function of individual proteins can be extracted from our alignments. Topology-based alignments have the potential to provide a completely new, independent source of phylogenetic information. | clarity | 0.9988142 | 0810.3280 | 2 |
It turns out that a slightly generalised Margrabe formula exhibits symmetry properties leading to semi-static hedges of rather general options in the bivariate Black-Scholes economy . | <clarity> It turns out that a slightly generalised Margrabe formula exhibits symmetry properties leading to semi-static hedges of rather general options in the bivariate Black-Scholes economy . | It turns out that in the bivariate Black-Scholes economy Margrabe type options exhibit symmetry properties leading to semi-static hedges of rather general options in the bivariate Black-Scholes economy . | clarity | 0.9974165 | 0810.5146 | 1 |
It turns out that a slightly generalised Margrabe formula exhibits symmetry properties leading to semi-static hedges of rather general options in the bivariate Black-Scholes economy . | <meaning-changed> It turns out that a slightly generalised Margrabe formula exhibits symmetry properties leading to semi-static hedges of rather general options in the bivariate Black-Scholes economy . | It turns out that a slightly generalised Margrabe formula exhibits symmetry properties leading to semi-static hedges of rather general barrier options. Some of the results are extended to variants obtained by means of Brownian subordination . | meaning-changed | 0.99934584 | 0810.5146 | 1 |
In order to increase the liquidity of the used hedging instruments for currency options, the duality principle can be used to set up the hedges in a foreign market by using only European vanilla options sometimes along with a risk-less bond. | <clarity> In order to increase the liquidity of the used hedging instruments for currency options, the duality principle can be used to set up the hedges in a foreign market by using only European vanilla options sometimes along with a risk-less bond. | In order to increase the liquidity of the hedging instruments for currency options, the duality principle can be used to set up the hedges in a foreign market by using only European vanilla options sometimes along with a risk-less bond. | clarity | 0.9731814 | 0810.5146 | 1 |
In order to increase the liquidity of the used hedging instruments for currency options, the duality principle can be used to set up the hedges in a foreign market by using only European vanilla options sometimes along with a risk-less bond. | <clarity> In order to increase the liquidity of the used hedging instruments for currency options, the duality principle can be used to set up the hedges in a foreign market by using only European vanilla options sometimes along with a risk-less bond. | In order to increase the liquidity of the used hedging instruments for certain currency options, the duality principle can be used to set up the hedges in a foreign market by using only European vanilla options sometimes along with a risk-less bond. | clarity | 0.99337524 | 0810.5146 | 1 |
In order to increase the liquidity of the used hedging instruments for currency options, the duality principle can be used to set up the hedges in a foreign market by using only European vanilla options sometimes along with a risk-less bond. | <clarity> In order to increase the liquidity of the used hedging instruments for currency options, the duality principle can be used to set up the hedges in a foreign market by using only European vanilla options sometimes along with a risk-less bond. | In order to increase the liquidity of the used hedging instruments for currency options, the duality principle can be applied to set up the hedges in a foreign market by using only European vanilla options sometimes along with a risk-less bond. | clarity | 0.9960294 | 0810.5146 | 1 |
In order to increase the liquidity of the used hedging instruments for currency options, the duality principle can be used to set up the hedges in a foreign market by using only European vanilla options sometimes along with a risk-less bond. | <coherence> In order to increase the liquidity of the used hedging instruments for currency options, the duality principle can be used to set up the hedges in a foreign market by using only European vanilla options sometimes along with a risk-less bond. | In order to increase the liquidity of the used hedging instruments for currency options, the duality principle can be used to set up hedges in a foreign market by using only European vanilla options sometimes along with a risk-less bond. | coherence | 0.740681 | 0810.5146 | 1 |
Since the semi-static hedges in the Black-Scholes economy are exact, a closed form valuation formula of a certain weighted barrier swap-option can be easily derived. | <fluency> Since the semi-static hedges in the Black-Scholes economy are exact, a closed form valuation formula of a certain weighted barrier swap-option can be easily derived. | Since the semi-static hedges in the Black-Scholes economy are exact, closed form valuation formula of a certain weighted barrier swap-option can be easily derived. | fluency | 0.99921834 | 0810.5146 | 1 |
Since the semi-static hedges in the Black-Scholes economy are exact, a closed form valuation formula of a certain weighted barrier swap-option can be easily derived. | <clarity> Since the semi-static hedges in the Black-Scholes economy are exact, a closed form valuation formula of a certain weighted barrier swap-option can be easily derived. | Since the semi-static hedges in the Black-Scholes economy are exact, a closed form valuation formulas for certain barrier options can be easily derived. | clarity | 0.9989687 | 0810.5146 | 1 |
The problem of inhibiting viral DNA ejection from bacteriophages by Mg^{+2} counterions is studied. | <meaning-changed> The problem of inhibiting viral DNA ejection from bacteriophages by Mg^{+2} counterions is studied. | The problem of inhibiting viral DNA ejection from bacteriophages by multivalent counterions, especially Mg^{+2} counterions is studied. | meaning-changed | 0.99929154 | 0811.1296 | 1 |
The problem of inhibiting viral DNA ejection from bacteriophages by Mg^{+2} counterions is studied. | <fluency> The problem of inhibiting viral DNA ejection from bacteriophages by Mg^{+2} counterions is studied. | The problem of inhibiting viral DNA ejection from bacteriophages by Mg^{+2} counterions , is studied. | fluency | 0.99934584 | 0811.1296 | 1 |
Experimentally, it is known that Mg^{+2 has a strong and non-monotonic effect on the amount of DNA ejected. | <meaning-changed> Experimentally, it is known that Mg^{+2 has a strong and non-monotonic effect on the amount of DNA ejected. | Experimentally, it is known that MgSO_4 salt has a strong and non-monotonic effect on the amount of DNA ejected. | meaning-changed | 0.9992053 | 0811.1296 | 1 |
There exists an optimal Mg^{+2 concentration at which the least DNA is ejected from the virus. | <meaning-changed> There exists an optimal Mg^{+2 concentration at which the least DNA is ejected from the virus. | There exists an optimal concentration at which the least DNA is ejected from the virus. | meaning-changed | 0.92599815 | 0811.1296 | 1 |
The problem of inhibiting viral DNA ejection from bacteriophages by multivalent counterions, especially Mg^{+2} counterions, is studied. | <fluency> The problem of inhibiting viral DNA ejection from bacteriophages by multivalent counterions, especially Mg^{+2} counterions, is studied. | The problem of inhibiting viral DNA ejection from bacteriophages by multivalent counterions, specifically Mg^{+2} counterions, is studied. | fluency | 0.99824405 | 0811.1296 | 2 |
There exists an optimal concentration at which the least DNA is ejected from the virus. | <clarity> There exists an optimal concentration at which the least DNA is ejected from the virus. | There exists an optimal concentration at which the minimum amount of DNA is ejected from the virus. | clarity | 0.99783295 | 0811.1296 | 2 |
As Mg^{+2} concentration increases from zero, DNA net charge changes from negative to positive. | <clarity> As Mg^{+2} concentration increases from zero, DNA net charge changes from negative to positive. | As Mg^{+2} concentration increases from zero, the net charge of DNA changes from negative to positive. | clarity | 0.99676955 | 0811.1296 | 2 |
Our theory fits experimental datawell. The strength of DNA-DNA short range attraction , mediated by Mg^{+2}, is found to be -0.004 k_BT per nucleotide base . | <clarity> Our theory fits experimental datawell. The strength of DNA-DNA short range attraction , mediated by Mg^{+2}, is found to be -0.004 k_BT per nucleotide base . | By fitting our theory to available experimental data, the strength of DNA-DNA short range attraction , mediated by Mg^{+2}, is found to be -0.004 k_BT per nucleotide base . | clarity | 0.99858177 | 0811.1296 | 2 |
The strength of DNA-DNA short range attraction , mediated by Mg^{+2}, is found to be -0.004 k_BT per nucleotide base . | <meaning-changed> The strength of DNA-DNA short range attraction , mediated by Mg^{+2}, is found to be -0.004 k_BT per nucleotide base . | The strength of DNA-DNA short range attraction energies , mediated by Mg^{+2}, is found to be -0.004 k_BT per nucleotide base . | meaning-changed | 0.9974867 | 0811.1296 | 2 |
The strength of DNA-DNA short range attraction , mediated by Mg^{+2}, is found to be -0.004 k_BT per nucleotide base . | <meaning-changed> The strength of DNA-DNA short range attraction , mediated by Mg^{+2}, is found to be -0.004 k_BT per nucleotide base . | The strength of DNA-DNA short range attraction , mediated by Mg^{+2}, is found to be -0.004 k_BT per nucleotide base . This and other fitted parameters agree well with known values from other experiments and computer simulations. The parameters are also in aggreement qualitatively with values for tri- and tetra-valent counterions . | meaning-changed | 0.9994072 | 0811.1296 | 2 |
A simple criterion identifies continuous systems that exhibit the full dynamical range of their Boolean counterparts. Transfer functions inferred from the literature on transcriptional regulation of genes do not satisfy the criterion . | <clarity> A simple criterion identifies continuous systems that exhibit the full dynamical range of their Boolean counterparts. Transfer functions inferred from the literature on transcriptional regulation of genes do not satisfy the criterion . | A suitably modified Boolean theory explains the behavior of systems in which information does not propagate faithfully down certain chains of nodes. Model networks incorporating calculated or directly measured transfer functions reported in the literature on transcriptional regulation of genes do not satisfy the criterion . | clarity | 0.98697716 | 0811.2209 | 1 |
Transfer functions inferred from the literature on transcriptional regulation of genes do not satisfy the criterion . | <meaning-changed> Transfer functions inferred from the literature on transcriptional regulation of genes do not satisfy the criterion . | Transfer functions inferred from the literature on transcriptional regulation of genes are described by the modified theory . | meaning-changed | 0.9991937 | 0811.2209 | 1 |
The creation and annihilation of money and its economic effects are reviewed. Economic values appear "in the mind" of the market participants; e. g., by pretending, maintaining and achieving a particular price for a certain asset. Upon its creation by banks, this kind of " value phantasy " is converted into " real money " often in terms of buyer's debtaccompanied by a simultaneous payment of fiat money to the seller. | <meaning-changed> The creation and annihilation of money and its economic effects are reviewed. Economic values appear "in the mind" of the market participants; e. g., by pretending, maintaining and achieving a particular price for a certain asset. Upon its creation by banks, this kind of " value phantasy " is converted into " real money " often in terms of buyer's debtaccompanied by a simultaneous payment of fiat money to the seller. | General options for monetary systems, in particular the creation of fiat money, as well as its appropriation in various setups is discussed. We identify private banks as the main source of money through monetization. The asset value is inevitably determined by subjective beliefs and fantasies loosely bound by market constraints. One may imagine such a monetary system as being " value phantasy " is converted into " real money " often in terms of buyer's debtaccompanied by a simultaneous payment of fiat money to the seller. | meaning-changed | 0.9444614 | 0811.3130 | 1 |
Upon its creation by banks, this kind of " value phantasy " is converted into " real money " often in terms of buyer's debtaccompanied by a simultaneous payment of fiat money to the seller. | <clarity> Upon its creation by banks, this kind of " value phantasy " is converted into " real money " often in terms of buyer's debtaccompanied by a simultaneous payment of fiat money to the seller. | Upon its creation by banks, this kind of " suspended in belief. " is converted into " real money " often in terms of buyer's debtaccompanied by a simultaneous payment of fiat money to the seller. | clarity | 0.84759253 | 0811.3130 | 1 |
Upon its creation by banks, this kind of " value phantasy " is converted into " real money " often in terms of buyer's debtaccompanied by a simultaneous payment of fiat money to the seller. | <meaning-changed> Upon its creation by banks, this kind of " value phantasy " is converted into " real money " often in terms of buyer's debtaccompanied by a simultaneous payment of fiat money to the seller. | Upon its creation by banks, this kind of " value phantasy " Inevitably, the interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing debt systematically reallocates resources towards the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. Unfortunately, the alternatives appear to be even more troublesome than the present state of affairs. Any system based on interest-free fiat money creation, in order to avoid hyperinflation through excessive borrowing of " real money " often in terms of buyer's debtaccompanied by a simultaneous payment of fiat money to the seller. | meaning-changed | 0.9991035 | 0811.3130 | 1 |
Upon its creation by banks, this kind of " value phantasy " is converted into " real money " often in terms of buyer's debtaccompanied by a simultaneous payment of fiat money to the seller. This money is then multiplied on the money market and is competing against other money supplies for the traded assets, goods and services, where it may cause dilution, inflation and reallocation of resources . | <meaning-changed> Upon its creation by banks, this kind of " value phantasy " is converted into " real money " often in terms of buyer's debtaccompanied by a simultaneous payment of fiat money to the seller. This money is then multiplied on the money market and is competing against other money supplies for the traded assets, goods and services, where it may cause dilution, inflation and reallocation of resources . | Upon its creation by banks, this kind of " value phantasy " is converted into " free" debt, has either to rely on unjustifiable privileges or chance. And any system based on commodity money such as the gold or silver standard instead of fiat money creation is heavily depending on the quantity of commodities, and also incapable of waging or defending against war through the effective monetization of future loot or loss . | meaning-changed | 0.9876459 | 0811.3130 | 1 |
We identify private banks as the main source of money through monetization . | <meaning-changed> We identify private banks as the main source of money through monetization . | We identify private banks as the main source of money through monetization of assets and future profits . | meaning-changed | 0.9993476 | 0811.3130 | 2 |
The asset value is inevitably determined by subjective beliefs and fantasies loosely bound by market constraints. | <clarity> The asset value is inevitably determined by subjective beliefs and fantasies loosely bound by market constraints. | The asset value is determined by subjective beliefs and fantasies loosely bound by market constraints. | clarity | 0.9961784 | 0811.3130 | 2 |
Inevitably, the interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing debt systematically reallocates resources towards the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | <coherence> Inevitably, the interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing debt systematically reallocates resources towards the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | The interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing debt systematically reallocates resources towards the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | coherence | 0.8907105 | 0811.3130 | 2 |
Inevitably, the interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing debt systematically reallocates resources towards the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | <meaning-changed> Inevitably, the interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing debt systematically reallocates resources towards the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | Inevitably, the interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources towards the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | meaning-changed | 0.81360656 | 0811.3130 | 2 |
And any system based on commodity money such as the gold or silver standard instead of fiat money creation is heavily depending on the quantity of commodities, and also incapable of waging or defending against war through the effective monetization of future loot or loss. | <clarity> And any system based on commodity money such as the gold or silver standard instead of fiat money creation is heavily depending on the quantity of commodities, and also incapable of waging or defending against war through the effective monetization of future loot or loss. | And any system based on commodity instead of fiat money creation is heavily depending on the quantity of commodities, and also incapable of waging or defending against war through the effective monetization of future loot or loss. | clarity | 0.996834 | 0811.3130 | 2 |
And any system based on commodity money such as the gold or silver standard instead of fiat money creation is heavily depending on the quantity of commodities, and also incapable of waging or defending against war through the effective monetization of future loot or loss. | <clarity> And any system based on commodity money such as the gold or silver standard instead of fiat money creation is heavily depending on the quantity of commodities, and also incapable of waging or defending against war through the effective monetization of future loot or loss. | And any system based on commodity money such as the gold or silver standard instead of fiat money is heavily depending on the quantity of commodities, and also incapable of waging or defending against war through the effective monetization of future loot or loss. | clarity | 0.9982981 | 0811.3130 | 2 |
General options for monetary systems, in particular the creation of fiat money, as well as its appropriation in various setups is discussed. | <fluency> General options for monetary systems, in particular the creation of fiat money, as well as its appropriation in various setups is discussed. | General options for monetary systems, in particular the creation of fiat money, as well as its appropriation in various setups are discussed. | fluency | 0.9990132 | 0811.3130 | 3 |
The asset value is determined by subjective beliefs and fantasies loosely bound by market constraints. | <meaning-changed> The asset value is determined by subjective beliefs and fantasies loosely bound by market constraints. | The asset value is determined by subjective confidence, beliefs and fantasies loosely bound by market constraints. | meaning-changed | 0.9645301 | 0811.3130 | 3 |
One may imagine such a monetary system as being "suspended in belief ." The interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources towards the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | <clarity> One may imagine such a monetary system as being "suspended in belief ." The interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources towards the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | One may imagine such a monetary system as being "suspended in thought ." The interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources towards the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | clarity | 0.992508 | 0811.3130 | 3 |
One may imagine such a monetary system as being "suspended in belief ." The interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources towards the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | <fluency> One may imagine such a monetary system as being "suspended in belief ." The interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources towards the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | One may imagine such a monetary system as being "suspended in belief ." Interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources towards the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | fluency | 0.9776855 | 0811.3130 | 3 |
One may imagine such a monetary system as being "suspended in belief ." The interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources towards the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | <fluency> One may imagine such a monetary system as being "suspended in belief ." The interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources towards the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | One may imagine such a monetary system as being "suspended in belief ." The interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources toward the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | fluency | 0.99920386 | 0811.3130 | 3 |
General options for monetary systems, in particular the creation of fiat money, as well as its appropriation in various setups are discussed. We identify private banks as the main source of money through monetization of assets and future profits. The asset value is determined by subjective confidence, beliefs and fantasies loosely bound by market constraints. | <clarity> General options for monetary systems, in particular the creation of fiat money, as well as its appropriation in various setups are discussed. We identify private banks as the main source of money through monetization of assets and future profits. The asset value is determined by subjective confidence, beliefs and fantasies loosely bound by market constraints. | Because of their provable indeterminateness, certain economic values and thus prices are fixed by subjective confidence, beliefs and fantasies loosely bound by market constraints. | clarity | 0.9964084 | 0811.3130 | 4 |
One may imagine such a monetary system as being "suspended in thought . " Interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources toward the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | <meaning-changed> One may imagine such a monetary system as being "suspended in thought . " Interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources toward the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | One may imagine such a monetary system as being "suspended in thought ". Monetization of " Interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources toward the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | meaning-changed | 0.55005753 | 0811.3130 | 4 |
One may imagine such a monetary system as being "suspended in thought . " Interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources toward the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | <meaning-changed> One may imagine such a monetary system as being "suspended in thought . " Interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources toward the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | One may imagine such a monetary system as being "suspended in thought . " (derivative) promises" of any kind, as well as interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources toward the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | meaning-changed | 0.9994271 | 0811.3130 | 4 |
Because of their provable indeterminateness, certain economic values and thus prices are fixed by subjective confidence, beliefs and fantasies loosely bound by market constraints. One may imagine such a monetary system as being " suspended in thought " . Monetization of " (derivative) promises " of any kind, as well as interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources toward the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | <meaning-changed> Because of their provable indeterminateness, certain economic values and thus prices are fixed by subjective confidence, beliefs and fantasies loosely bound by market constraints. One may imagine such a monetary system as being " suspended in thought " . Monetization of " (derivative) promises " of any kind, as well as interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources toward the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | This review is about the convenience, the benefits, as well as the destructive capacities of money. It deals with various aspects of money creation, with its value, and its appropriation. All sorts of money tend to get corrupted by eventually creating too much of them. In the long run, this renders money worthless and deprives people holding it. This misuse of money creation is inevitable and should come as no surprise. Abusive money creation comes in various forms. In the present fiat money system " suspended in thought " . Monetization of " (derivative) promises " of any kind, as well as interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources toward the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | meaning-changed | 0.607316 | 0811.3130 | 5 |
One may imagine such a monetary system as being " suspended in thought " . Monetization of " (derivative) promises " of any kind, as well as interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources toward the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | <clarity> One may imagine such a monetary system as being " suspended in thought " . Monetization of " (derivative) promises " of any kind, as well as interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources toward the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | One may imagine such a monetary system as being " suspended in free thought " . Monetization of " (derivative) promises " of any kind, as well as interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources toward the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | clarity | 0.9979899 | 0811.3130 | 5 |
One may imagine such a monetary system as being " suspended in thought " . Monetization of " (derivative) promises " of any kind, as well as interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources toward the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | <meaning-changed> One may imagine such a monetary system as being " suspended in thought " . Monetization of " (derivative) promises " of any kind, as well as interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources toward the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | One may imagine such a monetary system as being " suspended in thought " and sustained merely by our belief in and our conditioning to it, money is conveniently created out of " (derivative) promises " of any kind, as well as interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources toward the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | meaning-changed | 0.99943393 | 0811.3130 | 5 |
One may imagine such a monetary system as being " suspended in thought " . Monetization of " (derivative) promises " of any kind, as well as interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources toward the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | <clarity> One may imagine such a monetary system as being " suspended in thought " . Monetization of " (derivative) promises " of any kind, as well as interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources toward the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | One may imagine such a monetary system as being " suspended in thought " . Monetization of " thin air " of any kind, as well as interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources toward the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. | clarity | 0.92049295 | 0811.3130 | 5 |
One may imagine such a monetary system as being " suspended in thought " . Monetization of " (derivative) promises " of any kind, as well as interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources toward the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. Unfortunately, the alternatives appear to be even more troublesome than the present state of affairs. Any system based on interest-free fiat money creation , in order to avoid hyperinflation through excessive borrowing of "free" debt, has either to rely on unjustifiable privileges or chance. And any system based on commodity instead of fiat money is heavily depending on the quantity of commodities, and also incapable of waging or defending against war through the effective monetization of future loot or loss . | <clarity> One may imagine such a monetary system as being " suspended in thought " . Monetization of " (derivative) promises " of any kind, as well as interest levied by banks in return for money created via monetizing future profits systematically reallocates resources toward the financial institutions, and away from industrial and manual production, farming and labor. Unfortunately, the alternatives appear to be even more troublesome than the present state of affairs. Any system based on interest-free fiat money creation , in order to avoid hyperinflation through excessive borrowing of "free" debt, has either to rely on unjustifiable privileges or chance. And any system based on commodity instead of fiat money is heavily depending on the quantity of commodities, and also incapable of waging or defending against war through the effective monetization of future loot or loss . | One may imagine such a monetary system as being " suspended in thought " . Monetization of " (derivative) promises " by excessive government spending and speculative credit creation. Alas, any too tight money supply could ruin an economy by inviting all sorts of unfriendly takeovers, including wars or competition. Therefore the ambivalence of money as benefactor and destroyer should be accepted as destiny . | clarity | 0.6401267 | 0811.3130 | 5 |
A financial market model with general semimartingale asset-price processes and where agents can only trade using no-short-sale strategies is considered. | <fluency> A financial market model with general semimartingale asset-price processes and where agents can only trade using no-short-sale strategies is considered. | A financial market model with general semimartingale asset-price processes and where agents can only trade using no-short-sales strategies is considered. | fluency | 0.9994024 | 0812.0033 | 1 |
As an application, the utility maximization problem is considered and it is shown that optimal utilities and wealth processes resulting from continuous trading can be approximated arbitrarily well by the use of simple combinations of buy-and-hold strategies. | <meaning-changed> As an application, the utility maximization problem is considered and it is shown that optimal utilities and wealth processes resulting from continuous trading can be approximated arbitrarily well by the use of simple combinations of buy-and-hold strategies. | As an application, the utility maximization problem is considered and it is shown that optimal expected utilities and wealth processes resulting from continuous trading can be approximated arbitrarily well by the use of simple combinations of buy-and-hold strategies. | meaning-changed | 0.9987299 | 0812.0033 | 1 |
The analysis of network topology and dynamics is increasingly used for the description of the structure, function and evolution of complex systems. | <clarity> The analysis of network topology and dynamics is increasingly used for the description of the structure, function and evolution of complex systems. | The network concept is increasingly used for the description of the structure, function and evolution of complex systems. | clarity | 0.99875975 | 0812.0325 | 1 |
The analysis of network topology and dynamics is increasingly used for the description of the structure, function and evolution of complex systems. | <clarity> The analysis of network topology and dynamics is increasingly used for the description of the structure, function and evolution of complex systems. | The analysis of network topology and dynamics is increasingly used for the description of complex systems. | clarity | 0.99880826 | 0812.0325 | 1 |
Listing the costs and benefits of cooperation as a necessary behaviour to build this network hierarchy, we outline the major hypothesis of the paper: the emergence of hierarchical complexity needs cooperation leading to the ageing of the constituent networks. | <meaning-changed> Listing the costs and benefits of cooperation as a necessary behaviour to build this network hierarchy, we outline the major hypothesis of the paper: the emergence of hierarchical complexity needs cooperation leading to the ageing of the constituent networks. | Listing the costs and benefits of cooperation as a necessary behaviour to build this network hierarchy, we outline the major hypothesis of the paper: the emergence of hierarchical complexity needs cooperation leading to the ageing (i.e. gradual deterioration) of the constituent networks. | meaning-changed | 0.99946743 | 0812.0325 | 1 |
Local cooperation in a stable environment may lead to over-optimization developing an always-old network, which ages slowly , and dies in an apoptosis-like process. | <clarity> Local cooperation in a stable environment may lead to over-optimization developing an always-old network, which ages slowly , and dies in an apoptosis-like process. | A stable environment develops cooperation leading to over-optimization developing an always-old network, which ages slowly , and dies in an apoptosis-like process. | clarity | 0.9990299 | 0812.0325 | 1 |