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75975425 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvania%20globosa | Alvania globosa | Alvania globosa is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
globosa
Gastropods described in 2018 | Alvania globosa [SEP] Alvania globosa is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
globosa
Gastropods described in 2018 |
75975429 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aashiqui%20%28soundtrack%29 | Aashiqui (soundtrack) | The soundtrack to the 1990 Hindi-language romantic musical film Aashiqui features twelve songs composed by Nadeem–Shravan (a duo consisting of Nadeem Saifi and Shravan Rathod) and lyrics written by Sameer, Rani Mallik and Madan Pal. Released by T-Series on 26 December 1989, it became the highest-selling Bollywood soundtrack of all time with around 2 crore units sold. Its success established the duo to become one of the leading music composers in the Hindi film industry.
Background
Nadeem–Shravan were recommended by singer Anuradha Paudwal to Gulshan Kumar, the founder of Super Cassettes Industries (parent company of T-Series). Gulshan replied that his company was not producing films at that point time, instead interested on curating a studio album and asked the duo to record few songs, further adding that if he liked their compositions, he would recommend another producer who would express their interest on making a film.
The duo then brought lyricist Sameer and playback singer Kumar Sanu, to record the songs under the tentative title Chahat; the first song they recorded was "Main Duniya Bhula Doonga". After curating around five to six songs, director Mahesh Bhatt happened to hear them and was impressed with it, eventually deciding to write a story surrounding those songs which became Aashiqui. He further insisted Sameer to write the title track, which became "Bas Ek Sanam Chaahiye".
After production being completed, Gulshan contacted Sameer saying that though people felt the film's music was great, it sounded more than an independent album rather than a soundtrack for the film, admitting that Gulshan eventually planned to release the album only instead of the film. Bhatt met Gulshan and assured that he would quit direction, if the soundtrack to the film becomes unsuccessful. As per the latter's suggestion, Mahesh eventually released a poster with lead pair Rahul Roy and Anu Agarwal were shown hiding under a jacket, in order to avoid revealing the actors in the promotional material. The album was eventually released on 26 December 1989, months before the film's theatrical release. Most of the songs fall under the filmi-ghazal genre, based on the ghazal style.
Track listing
Reception
Rakesh Bandhu of Planet Bollywood described the soundtrack as "a collection of beautiful compositions" by the duo and assigned a score of 9 (out of 10). Gautam Chintamani of Scroll.in described the duo's arrangement as "a mix of the traditional sounds of Shankar–Jaikishan and Laxmikant–Pyarelal and the melody of R. D. Burman with a dash of Bappi Lahiri and Anand–Milind". He also noted the similarities of "Jaane Jigar Jaaneman" with Lahiri's "Duniya Mein Tere Siva" from Aandhiyan (1990), and "Mera Dil Tere Liye" being inspired from John Farnham's "You're the Voice".
Sales and records
Aashiqui became the highest-selling soundtrack album in the history of Indian music industry. Each cassette of the film's soundtrack was priced at ₹22. It sold over 2 crore units upon release, becoming the best-selling Bollywood soundtrack of all time. According to Bhushan Kumar, the current chairman and managing director of T-Series, no other Hindi film soundtrack had managed to surpass its records.
Aashiqui's soundtrack was ranked at number 15 on the BBC Asian Network website, while Planet Bollywood ranked it at number 4 on their "100 Greatest Bollywood Soundtracks of All Time", and at 76 on "Top 100 Bollywood Albums" by Film Companion.
Impact
The success of Aashiqui'''s soundtrack eventually impacted the musical styles of Bollywood with the revival of filmi-ghazal music in the early 1990s. Popular film soundtracks such as Dil (1990), Saajan (1991), Phool Aur Kaante (1991) and Deewana (1992) particularly fall in that genre. With the success of Aashiqui, T-Series established as the leading music label in India; its annual earnings grew from in 1985, to in 1991 and in 1997.Aashiqui'' established Nadeem–Shravan's popularity as a leading music composer in the Hindi film industry during the early-1990s. However, following the murder of T-Series founder Gulshan Kumar by the Mumbai underworld syndicate D-Company, the duo's film career came to a halt with Nadeem Saifi initially accused of involvement, before later being exonerated, and eventually made a comeback in the 2000s.
A cover version of the song "Dheere Dheere" was composed and performed by Yo Yo Honey Singh and released as a single on 2 September 2015, with an accompanying music video featuring Hrithik Roshan and Sonam Kapoor. Although the song was commercially successful, Nadeem Saifi criticised Singh for not crediting the original artists of the song and claimed that he did not obtain permission from the composers to recreate the version. he demanded legal action against Singh regarding the same, albeit Singh described the song as a tribute to the film.
See also
Aashiqui 2 (soundtrack)
References
1989 soundtrack albums
Hindi film soundtracks
T-Series (company) soundtracks
Filmi soundtracks
Ghazal albums | Aashiqui (soundtrack) [SEP] The soundtrack to the 1990 Hindi-language romantic musical film Aashiqui features twelve songs composed by Nadeem–Shravan (a duo consisting of Nadeem Saifi and Shravan Rathod) and lyrics written by Sameer, Rani Mallik and Madan Pal. Released by T-Series on 26 December 1989, it became the highest-selling Bollywood soundtrack of all time with around 2 crore units sold. Its success established the duo to become one of the leading music composers in the Hindi film industry.
Background
Nadeem–Shravan were recommended by singer Anuradha Paudwal to Gulshan Kumar, the founder of Super Cassettes Industries (parent company of T-Series). Gulshan replied that his company was not producing films at that point time, instead interested on curating a studio album and asked the duo to record few songs, further adding that if he liked their compositions, he would recommend another producer who would express their interest on making a film.
The duo then brought lyricist Sameer and playback singer Kumar Sanu, to record the songs under the tentative title Chahat; the first song they recorded was "Main Duniya Bhula Doonga". After curating around five to six songs, director Mahesh Bhatt happened to hear them and was impressed with it, eventually deciding to write a story surrounding those songs which became Aashiqui. He further insisted Sameer to write the title track, which became "Bas Ek Sanam Chaahiye".
After production being completed, Gulshan contacted Sameer saying that though people felt the film's music was great, it sounded more than an independent album rather than a soundtrack for the film, admitting that Gulshan eventually planned to release the album only instead of the film. Bhatt met Gulshan and assured that he would quit direction, if the soundtrack to the film becomes unsuccessful. As per the latter's suggestion, Mahesh eventually released a poster with lead pair Rahul Roy and Anu Agarwal were shown hiding under a jacket, in order to avoid revealing the actors in the promotional material. The album was eventually released on 26 December 1989, months before the film's theatrical release. Most of the songs fall under the filmi-ghazal genre, based on the ghazal style.
Track listing
Reception
Rakesh Bandhu of Planet Bollywood described the soundtrack as "a collection of beautiful compositions" by the duo and assigned a score of 9 (out of 10). Gautam Chintamani of Scroll.in described the duo's arrangement as "a mix of the traditional sounds of Shankar–Jaikishan and Laxmikant–Pyarelal and the melody of R. D. Burman with a dash of Bappi Lahiri and Anand–Milind". He also noted the similarities of "Jaane Jigar Jaaneman" with Lahiri's "Duniya Mein Tere Siva" from Aandhiyan (1990), and "Mera Dil Tere Liye" being inspired from John Farnham's "You're the Voice".
Sales and records
Aashiqui became the highest-selling soundtrack album in the history of Indian music industry. Each cassette of the film's soundtrack was priced at ₹22. It sold over 2 crore units upon release, becoming the best-selling Bollywood soundtrack of all time. According to Bhushan Kumar, the current chairman and managing director of T-Series, no other Hindi film soundtrack had managed to surpass its records.
Aashiqui's soundtrack was ranked at number 15 on the BBC Asian Network website, while Planet Bollywood ranked it at number 4 on their "100 Greatest Bollywood Soundtracks of All Time", and at 76 on "Top 100 Bollywood Albums" by Film Companion.
Impact
The success of Aashiqui'''s soundtrack eventually impacted the musical styles of Bollywood with the revival of filmi-ghazal music in the early 1990s. Popular film soundtracks such as Dil (1990), Saajan (1991), Phool Aur Kaante (1991) and Deewana (1992) particularly fall in that genre. With the success of Aashiqui, T-Series established as the leading music label in India; its annual earnings grew from in 1985, to in 1991 and in 1997.Aashiqui'' established Nadeem–Shravan's popularity as a leading music composer in the Hindi film industry during the early-1990s. However, following the murder of T-Series founder Gulshan Kumar by the Mumbai underworld syndicate D-Company, the duo's film career came to a halt with Nadeem Saifi initially accused of involvement, before later being exonerated, and eventually made a comeback in the 2000s.
A cover version of the song "Dheere Dheere" was composed and performed by Yo Yo Honey Singh and released as a single on 2 September 2015, with an accompanying music video featuring Hrithik Roshan and Sonam Kapoor. Although the song was commercially successful, Nadeem Saifi criticised Singh for not crediting the original artists of the song and claimed that he did not obtain permission from the composers to recreate the version. he demanded legal action against Singh regarding the same, albeit Singh described the song as a tribute to the film.
See also
Aashiqui 2 (soundtrack)
References
1989 soundtrack albums
Hindi film soundtracks
T-Series (company) soundtracks
Filmi soundtracks
Ghazal albums |
75975435 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvania%20insulsa | Alvania insulsa | Alvania insulsa is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
insulsa
Gastropods described in 2018 | Alvania insulsa [SEP] Alvania insulsa is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
insulsa
Gastropods described in 2018 |
75975443 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel%20Vorobjov | Pavel Vorobjov | Pavel Vorobjov (born 1981) is an Estonian chess player, Estonian Chess Championship winner (2011).
Chess career
In the 2010s, Pavel Vorobjov was one of the strongest young chess players in Estonia. In 2011 in Tallinn, he won the Estonian Chess Championship.
Pavel Vorobjov played for Estonia in the Chess Olympiad:
In 2012, at first board in the 40th Chess Olympiad in Istanbul (+4, =3, -2).
References
External links
1981 births
Living people
Estonian chess players
Chess Olympiad competitors | Pavel Vorobjov [SEP] Pavel Vorobjov (born 1981) is an Estonian chess player, Estonian Chess Championship winner (2011).
Chess career
In the 2010s, Pavel Vorobjov was one of the strongest young chess players in Estonia. In 2011 in Tallinn, he won the Estonian Chess Championship.
Pavel Vorobjov played for Estonia in the Chess Olympiad:
In 2012, at first board in the 40th Chess Olympiad in Istanbul (+4, =3, -2).
References
External links
1981 births
Living people
Estonian chess players
Chess Olympiad competitors |
75975450 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20Yi-Chen%20Lan | Francis Yi-Chen Lan | Francis Yi-Chen Lan (; born 1969) is a Taiwanese-Australian management scientist who is currently the President of Fu Jen Catholic University.
He also served as the former vice-president of Western Sydney University and the Overseas Affairs Advisor of the Taiwan OCAC.
Early life and education
Lan was born in Shilin District, Taipei City, Taiwan in 1969. After graduating from St. Francis High School in Taipei in 1992, he went to Australia to study and successively obtained bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees from Western Sydney University (WSU).
After graduating with a Ph.D. in 2002, he stayed at WSU to teach and served successively as professor, department chair, associate dean of the Business School, and international director of the WSU Department of Asset Management.
Career
WSU
When Lan served as the provost of the Vietnam campus of Western Sydney University, he went to Mae Sot in the Myanmar border area many times to engage in teacher training and youth education. He also established the WSU School of International Education's "Humanitarian Scholarship" program to support Burmese refugees and students studying in Vietnam.
During his tenure as WSU Vice President, he successfully promoted WSU to rank SDGs first in the world in the Times Higher Education Impact Ranking. He is also the Ethnic Chinese with the highest position in the tertiary education in Australia system.
He was a member of the Australian Computer Society from 2000 to 2017. Before returning to Taiwan, he had accumulated thirty years of education and academic service experience in Australia.
Fu Jen
On September 21, 2023, Lan was announced as the president-elect of Fu Jen Catholic University by Fu Jen Board of Trustees. On December 14, it was approved by Congregation for Catholic Education and announced by the Roman Curia. On January 4 of the following year, the Ministry of Education (Taiwan) responded with approval and was officially appointed by Fu Jen.
He has officially assumed the post of president ofFu Jen Catholic University on February 1, 2024.
Recognition
2014 - Honorary Doctorate from University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
2023 - Century Medal, Institute of International Education, United States
2024 - OCAC Yushan Overseas Community Affairs Professional Medal, Taiwan
References
External links
Fu Jen President Yi-Chen Lan
WSU Vice-President Yi-Chen Lan
Yi-Chen Lan on ResearchGate
Yi-Chen Lan on LinkedIn
1969 births
Academic staff of Fu Jen Catholic University
Academic staff of Western Sydney University
Western Sydney University alumni
Presidents of universities and colleges in Taiwan
Taiwanese Roman Catholics
Taiwanese educators
Living people | Francis Yi-Chen Lan [SEP] Francis Yi-Chen Lan (; born 1969) is a Taiwanese-Australian management scientist who is currently the President of Fu Jen Catholic University.
He also served as the former vice-president of Western Sydney University and the Overseas Affairs Advisor of the Taiwan OCAC.
Early life and education
Lan was born in Shilin District, Taipei City, Taiwan in 1969. After graduating from St. Francis High School in Taipei in 1992, he went to Australia to study and successively obtained bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees from Western Sydney University (WSU).
After graduating with a Ph.D. in 2002, he stayed at WSU to teach and served successively as professor, department chair, associate dean of the Business School, and international director of the WSU Department of Asset Management.
Career
WSU
When Lan served as the provost of the Vietnam campus of Western Sydney University, he went to Mae Sot in the Myanmar border area many times to engage in teacher training and youth education. He also established the WSU School of International Education's "Humanitarian Scholarship" program to support Burmese refugees and students studying in Vietnam.
During his tenure as WSU Vice President, he successfully promoted WSU to rank SDGs first in the world in the Times Higher Education Impact Ranking. He is also the Ethnic Chinese with the highest position in the tertiary education in Australia system.
He was a member of the Australian Computer Society from 2000 to 2017. Before returning to Taiwan, he had accumulated thirty years of education and academic service experience in Australia.
Fu Jen
On September 21, 2023, Lan was announced as the president-elect of Fu Jen Catholic University by Fu Jen Board of Trustees. On December 14, it was approved by Congregation for Catholic Education and announced by the Roman Curia. On January 4 of the following year, the Ministry of Education (Taiwan) responded with approval and was officially appointed by Fu Jen.
He has officially assumed the post of president ofFu Jen Catholic University on February 1, 2024.
Recognition
2014 - Honorary Doctorate from University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
2023 - Century Medal, Institute of International Education, United States
2024 - OCAC Yushan Overseas Community Affairs Professional Medal, Taiwan
References
External links
Fu Jen President Yi-Chen Lan
WSU Vice-President Yi-Chen Lan
Yi-Chen Lan on ResearchGate
Yi-Chen Lan on LinkedIn
1969 births
Academic staff of Fu Jen Catholic University
Academic staff of Western Sydney University
Western Sydney University alumni
Presidents of universities and colleges in Taiwan
Taiwanese Roman Catholics
Taiwanese educators
Living people |
75975451 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvania%20josephineae | Alvania josephineae | Alvania josephineae is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
josephineae
Gastropods described in 2018 | Alvania josephineae [SEP] Alvania josephineae is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
josephineae
Gastropods described in 2018 |
75975466 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvania%20lachrimula | Alvania lachrimula | Alvania lachrimula is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
lachrimula
Gastropods described in 2018 | Alvania lachrimula [SEP] Alvania lachrimula is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
lachrimula
Gastropods described in 2018 |
75975469 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad%20Sadam | Muhammad Sadam | Muhammad Sadam (born 1 February 2005) is a Pakistani professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for POPO FC and the Pakistan national team.
Early life
Sadam started playing football at a young age in his native village Tandlianwala. He was scouted by Islamabad club POPO FC following a recommendation by club player Muhammad Taha, and Sadam's family member who likewise played for the club and the Pakistan national youth team.
Club career
POPO FC
Sadam started playing for the senior team of POPO FC in 2023.
International career
In 2023, Sadam was called to represent Pakistan as captain at the youth level in the 2023 SAFF U-19 Championship in their first ever participation in the tournament. The team finished as runner-up of the tournament after falling in the final against India.
He made his senior international debut on 21 November 2023 as a substitute in the 63th minute against Tajikistan in their 1–6 home defeat.
Personal life
Sadam has cited Real Madrid as his favourite club, and has described Sergio Ramos and Virgil Van Dijk as his inspiration.
Career statistics
International
References
External links
Living people
2005 births
Pakistani men's footballers
Pakistan men's international footballers
Men's association football defenders
Pakistan men's youth international footballers
Footballers from Faisalabad
POPO FC players | Muhammad Sadam [SEP] Muhammad Sadam (born 1 February 2005) is a Pakistani professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for POPO FC and the Pakistan national team.
Early life
Sadam started playing football at a young age in his native village Tandlianwala. He was scouted by Islamabad club POPO FC following a recommendation by club player Muhammad Taha, and Sadam's family member who likewise played for the club and the Pakistan national youth team.
Club career
POPO FC
Sadam started playing for the senior team of POPO FC in 2023.
International career
In 2023, Sadam was called to represent Pakistan as captain at the youth level in the 2023 SAFF U-19 Championship in their first ever participation in the tournament. The team finished as runner-up of the tournament after falling in the final against India.
He made his senior international debut on 21 November 2023 as a substitute in the 63th minute against Tajikistan in their 1–6 home defeat.
Personal life
Sadam has cited Real Madrid as his favourite club, and has described Sergio Ramos and Virgil Van Dijk as his inspiration.
Career statistics
International
References
External links
Living people
2005 births
Pakistani men's footballers
Pakistan men's international footballers
Men's association football defenders
Pakistan men's youth international footballers
Footballers from Faisalabad
POPO FC players |
75975474 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%20in%20Bahrain | 2019 in Bahrain | Events in the year 2019 in Bahrain.
Incumbents
Monarch: Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa
Prime Minister: Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa
Events
4 February – 25-year-old Australian footballer and refugee from Bahrain, Hakeem al-Araibi, is ordered to defend an extradition order back to Bahrain in a Bangkok court, after being detained upon arrival in Thailand for his honeymoon with his wife in November 2018. International community is treating it as a human rights issue; a campaign to free al-Araibi and return him to Australia is growing.
14 March – USS Devastator is damaged by fire while at a Bahrain dock.
28 June – More than 200 demonstrators break into the courtyard of Bahrain's embassy in Baghdad and take down the kingdom's flag to protest a U.S.-led meeting in Bahrain on the Israeli–Palestinian peace process.
26 September – The Major Criminal Court in Bahrain sentences four people to jail terms for setting up a terror group with the aim of launching attacks on police, and related crimes. Two are fugitives tried in absentia.
References
2010s in Bahrain
Years of the 21st century in Bahrain
Bahrain
Bahrain | 2019 in Bahrain [SEP] Events in the year 2019 in Bahrain.
Incumbents
Monarch: Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa
Prime Minister: Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa
Events
4 February – 25-year-old Australian footballer and refugee from Bahrain, Hakeem al-Araibi, is ordered to defend an extradition order back to Bahrain in a Bangkok court, after being detained upon arrival in Thailand for his honeymoon with his wife in November 2018. International community is treating it as a human rights issue; a campaign to free al-Araibi and return him to Australia is growing.
14 March – USS Devastator is damaged by fire while at a Bahrain dock.
28 June – More than 200 demonstrators break into the courtyard of Bahrain's embassy in Baghdad and take down the kingdom's flag to protest a U.S.-led meeting in Bahrain on the Israeli–Palestinian peace process.
26 September – The Major Criminal Court in Bahrain sentences four people to jail terms for setting up a terror group with the aim of launching attacks on police, and related crimes. Two are fugitives tried in absentia.
References
2010s in Bahrain
Years of the 21st century in Bahrain
Bahrain
Bahrain |
75975481 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep%20Cover%20%28upcoming%20film%29 | Deep Cover (upcoming film) | Deep Cover is an upcoming British comedy film produced by Metronome Film Co. for Prime Video directed by Tom Kingsley, written by Colin Trevorrow, Derek Connolly, Ben Ashenden and Alexander Owen and starring Bryce Dallas Howard, Orlando Bloom, and Nick Mohammed.
Premise
The film is set in the London criminal underworld three improv-actors are recruited by the police for sting operations, but yes, and… their way into a criminal gang.
Cast
Bryce Dallas Howard
Orlando Bloom
Nick Mohammed
Ian McShane
Paddy Considine
Sean Bean
Sonoya Mizuno
Production
It was announced in February 2024 that Tom Kingsley would direct the film from original script by Derek Connolly and Colin Trevorrow, working in collaboration with British improv duo Ben Ashenden and Alexander Owen. The film is produced by Trevorrow through Metronome Film Co. with Walter F. Parkes and Laurie MacDonald, while Annys Hamilton will be co-producer.
On 1 February 2024, the cast was announced to include Bryce Dallas Howard, Orlando Bloom, Sean Bean, Nick Mohammed, Ian McShane, Paddy Considine and Sonoya Mizuno.
Principal photography started on 5 February 2024, in London.
References
External links
Upcoming films
British comedy films
Films shot in London
Films shot in England
Films with screenplays by Colin Trevorrow
Films produced by Walter F. Parkes | Deep Cover (upcoming film) [SEP] Deep Cover is an upcoming British comedy film produced by Metronome Film Co. for Prime Video directed by Tom Kingsley, written by Colin Trevorrow, Derek Connolly, Ben Ashenden and Alexander Owen and starring Bryce Dallas Howard, Orlando Bloom, and Nick Mohammed.
Premise
The film is set in the London criminal underworld three improv-actors are recruited by the police for sting operations, but yes, and… their way into a criminal gang.
Cast
Bryce Dallas Howard
Orlando Bloom
Nick Mohammed
Ian McShane
Paddy Considine
Sean Bean
Sonoya Mizuno
Production
It was announced in February 2024 that Tom Kingsley would direct the film from original script by Derek Connolly and Colin Trevorrow, working in collaboration with British improv duo Ben Ashenden and Alexander Owen. The film is produced by Trevorrow through Metronome Film Co. with Walter F. Parkes and Laurie MacDonald, while Annys Hamilton will be co-producer.
On 1 February 2024, the cast was announced to include Bryce Dallas Howard, Orlando Bloom, Sean Bean, Nick Mohammed, Ian McShane, Paddy Considine and Sonoya Mizuno.
Principal photography started on 5 February 2024, in London.
References
External links
Upcoming films
British comedy films
Films shot in London
Films shot in England
Films with screenplays by Colin Trevorrow
Films produced by Walter F. Parkes |
75975490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN%202010jl | SN 2010jl | SN 2010jl was a luminous type IIn supernova that was discovered on November 3, 2010, in the irregular galaxy UGC 5189A. It is 48.9 ± 3.4 Mpc distant from the solar system. It showed an infrared excess which lasted for over 1400 days.
Discovery
2010jl was discovered during the Puckett Observatory Supernova Search, by Newton & Puckett with a 0.40-m reflector at Portal, Arizona. The discovery was made on Nov. 3.52 UT and was confirmed on Nov. 4.50. Follow-up spectroscopy showed broad emission and narrow-line emission from hydrogen and helium leading to a classification of type IIn.
Infrared excess
CSM interaction
The classification as type IIn showed that the supernova was interacting with the circumstellar medium (CSM). The supernova itself produces the broad emission, the flash-ionized circumstellar medium produces on the other hand the type IIn typical narrow-line emission features. Observations with Chandra-ACIS X-ray showed absorption features caused by circumstellar matter. At the time of the observation it was one of the most luminous supernovae observed in X-rays.
Infrared echo
Observations with Hubble detected near-infrared excess that lasted for 400 days. While the early near-infrared detection is dominated by the supernova, the later near-infrared detection becomes more dominated by the infrared echo. The echo is caused by pre-existing circumstellar dust that does not interact with the supernova, but that scatters the light of the supernova.
New dust
A later study with Gemini and Spitzer showed that infrared excess persisted until the end of the observations on day 1367 after the discovery. This very late detection of infrared excess cannot be explained with an infrared echo alone. Between days 260 and 464 the near-infrared jumps in brightness and then slowly fades until day 1000. The jump in near-infrared brightness is explained with the formation of new dust.
The formation of new dust can be shown by several other features. 2010jl showed on the one hand infrared excess caused by thermal radiation of the newly formed dust. It also showed blueshift of the emission-lines, which is caused by the dust blocking the material that is further away from our line of sight. A third line of evidence is increased fading in the optical, which could not be shown due to lacking observations in a specific time-span. It was determined that the supernova produced about 0.005-0.01 (about 5-10 Jupiter masses) of predominantly carbon dust grains by the day 1400.
2010jl-like supernovae
Following the discovery of 2010jl, several other type IIn supernovae with long-lasting infrared excess were discovered. Their H- and K-band and mid-infrared light curve is dominated by two increases of the brightness. The first increase appears during the discovery and is attributed to the CSM interaction and the light echo. The second increase is attributed to the formation of new dust. After the second increase the infrared light curve shows a fading.
The following 2010jl-like supernovae are known: SN 2014ab, SN 2015da and SN 2017hcc. The supernova ASASSN-15ua is also mentioned to be similar to 2010jl. Additionally there are type II supernovae with mid-infrared light curves that are similar to 2010jl.
References
Supernovae
Astronomical objects discovered in 2010 | SN 2010jl [SEP] SN 2010jl was a luminous type IIn supernova that was discovered on November 3, 2010, in the irregular galaxy UGC 5189A. It is 48.9 ± 3.4 Mpc distant from the solar system. It showed an infrared excess which lasted for over 1400 days.
Discovery
2010jl was discovered during the Puckett Observatory Supernova Search, by Newton & Puckett with a 0.40-m reflector at Portal, Arizona. The discovery was made on Nov. 3.52 UT and was confirmed on Nov. 4.50. Follow-up spectroscopy showed broad emission and narrow-line emission from hydrogen and helium leading to a classification of type IIn.
Infrared excess
CSM interaction
The classification as type IIn showed that the supernova was interacting with the circumstellar medium (CSM). The supernova itself produces the broad emission, the flash-ionized circumstellar medium produces on the other hand the type IIn typical narrow-line emission features. Observations with Chandra-ACIS X-ray showed absorption features caused by circumstellar matter. At the time of the observation it was one of the most luminous supernovae observed in X-rays.
Infrared echo
Observations with Hubble detected near-infrared excess that lasted for 400 days. While the early near-infrared detection is dominated by the supernova, the later near-infrared detection becomes more dominated by the infrared echo. The echo is caused by pre-existing circumstellar dust that does not interact with the supernova, but that scatters the light of the supernova.
New dust
A later study with Gemini and Spitzer showed that infrared excess persisted until the end of the observations on day 1367 after the discovery. This very late detection of infrared excess cannot be explained with an infrared echo alone. Between days 260 and 464 the near-infrared jumps in brightness and then slowly fades until day 1000. The jump in near-infrared brightness is explained with the formation of new dust.
The formation of new dust can be shown by several other features. 2010jl showed on the one hand infrared excess caused by thermal radiation of the newly formed dust. It also showed blueshift of the emission-lines, which is caused by the dust blocking the material that is further away from our line of sight. A third line of evidence is increased fading in the optical, which could not be shown due to lacking observations in a specific time-span. It was determined that the supernova produced about 0.005-0.01 (about 5-10 Jupiter masses) of predominantly carbon dust grains by the day 1400.
2010jl-like supernovae
Following the discovery of 2010jl, several other type IIn supernovae with long-lasting infrared excess were discovered. Their H- and K-band and mid-infrared light curve is dominated by two increases of the brightness. The first increase appears during the discovery and is attributed to the CSM interaction and the light echo. The second increase is attributed to the formation of new dust. After the second increase the infrared light curve shows a fading.
The following 2010jl-like supernovae are known: SN 2014ab, SN 2015da and SN 2017hcc. The supernova ASASSN-15ua is also mentioned to be similar to 2010jl. Additionally there are type II supernovae with mid-infrared light curves that are similar to 2010jl.
References
Supernovae
Astronomical objects discovered in 2010 |
75975496 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajiw%20Satish%20Toppo | Rajiw Satish Toppo | Rev. Rajiw Satish Toppo is an Indian Lutheran Bishop who serves as the Archbishop of North Western Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church since 24 January 2022.
Early Life
Previously he was the principal of Navin Doman Theological College Malar.
On 24 January 2022 He became the Archbishop of North Western Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church.
He is the President of Bible Society of India of Ranchi Auxiliary.
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | Rajiw Satish Toppo [SEP] Rev. Rajiw Satish Toppo is an Indian Lutheran Bishop who serves as the Archbishop of North Western Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church since 24 January 2022.
Early Life
Previously he was the principal of Navin Doman Theological College Malar.
On 24 January 2022 He became the Archbishop of North Western Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church.
He is the President of Bible Society of India of Ranchi Auxiliary.
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
75975497 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvania%20milleti | Alvania milleti | Alvania milleti is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Millet de la Turtaudière, P. A. (1865). Indicateur de Maine-et-Loire ou Indicateur par communes de ce que chacune d'elle renferme sous le rapport de la géographie, des productions naturelles, des monuments historiques, de l'industrie et du commerce. Tome Second. Cosnier et Lachèse, Angers, 616 pp.
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
milleti
Gastropods described in 2018 | Alvania milleti [SEP] Alvania milleti is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Millet de la Turtaudière, P. A. (1865). Indicateur de Maine-et-Loire ou Indicateur par communes de ce que chacune d'elle renferme sous le rapport de la géographie, des productions naturelles, des monuments historiques, de l'industrie et du commerce. Tome Second. Cosnier et Lachèse, Angers, 616 pp.
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
milleti
Gastropods described in 2018 |
75975511 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-Christian%20conflicts%20in%20Lebanon | Inter-Christian conflicts in Lebanon | Inter-Christian conflicts in Lebanon were sub-conflicts between Christian or secular militias but heavily composed of Christians during the Lebanese Civil War. It involves Phoenicianist Christian forces against pro-Syrian right-wing Christian forces, secular and left-wing Christian forces.
History
In 1977, relations within the Lebanese Front became strained between the Lebanese Phalanges and its close allies in the Marada Movement. This follows a decision by the Phalanges to try to ally with Israel, which the Maradas, long-time allies of Syria and anti-Zionists, categorically refuse.
It was then that regular clashes between the phalanges of Bachir Gemayel and the Marada Brigade were reported. This separation within the Lebanese Front poisons relations with former allies, notably the Kataeb, who try to encroach on the areas held by the maradas, which will lead to the death of Joud al-Bayeh, assassinated by several maradas, and will lead to in June of that same year, 1978, a FL raid on Zghorta and Ehden, strongholds of the Marada. The initial plan, ordered by Bashir Gemayel, was to arrest those who had murdered al-Bayeh. It was known that they were hiding in Frangié's summer residence in Ehden, but apparently degenerated in the heat of the moment, Tony Frangieh, his wife Vera and his daughter Jihane as well as 35 people were killed during this surprise attack. against 10 FL fighters. This event is known as the Ehden massacre.
This massacre prompted the maradas and the Frangieh family to ally themselves with the Lebanese enemies of the Lebanese Phalanges, notably the Lebanese National Movement. In retaliation, around a hundred Phalangists were massacred by the maradas in the following days and the others forced to flee or hide, another intervention led to the Qaa massacre, carried out by the Syrian armed forces on the orders of Rifaat el-Assad, with the aim of avenging Tony Frangieh.
During the same period, Bachir Gemayel tried to forcefully integrate the Christian militias into the Lebanese Forces (FL) by abolishing the old militias. As a result, this policy led to inter-Christian massacres until 1980, when Dany Chamoun's Tiger Militia was forcibly integrated into the FL. This will also give rise to the Free Tigers, who do not accept integration within the LF. The Free Tigers repeatedly attacked American representations in Lebanon to discredit the LF and were protected by the Syrian army.
At the same time, the organization of the Eagles of the Whirlwind (composed of many Orthodox and Maronite Christians with a strong Shiite Muslim component) linked to the secular Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP) was organized following the invasion of Lebanon by the Israeli troops via the south of the country. It is at this precise moment that the Lebanese National Resistance Front replaces the Lebanese National Movement, of which the SSNP and then the Marada Brigade will integrate.
The September 14, 1982 Habib Shartouni, a pro-Syrian social-nationalist activist of the Maronite faith, detonated his homemade bomb located in his sister's apartment, killing Bachir Gemayel and 25 other Phalangists. The motive for the attack was the open collaboration between the Lebanese Phalanges and Israel.
Subsequently, the Lebanese Phalanges were led by Fadi Frem then by Fouad Abou Nader between 1982 and 1985, the forces were generally unified, until the ousting of Abou Nader and the taking of office of Elie Hobeika. On March 12, 1985, Samir Geagea, Elie Hobeika and Karim Pakradouni rebelled against the command of Abu Nader, apparently to return the Lebanese Forces to their original path. Elie Hobeika then takes charge of the FL. However, relations with Samir Geagea became strained, Hobeika moved closer to the Syrians and ended up signing a tripartite agreement sponsored by Syria and aimed at ending the Lebanese civil war.
In December 1985, Hobeika signed on behalf of the LF an agreement with the Syrian government, the Druze Progressive Socialist Party (PSP) led by Walid Jumblatt and the Shiite Muslim Amal movement led by Nabih Berri, known as the Tripartite Agreement. One of the cornerstones of the agreement was the dismantling of Lebanese militias of all factions. He also planned to initiate political changes that would end sectarian domination over the Lebanese parliament and army.
Within the LF, there has been dispute over whether to maintain ties with Israel and how to respond to Syrian-sponsored negotiations to end the fighting. Hobeika was opposed to retaining existing ties with Israel. In October 1985, while negotiations were underway, skirmishes took place between Geagea's supporters and Hobeika's supporters, where Hobeika's supporters attempted to bribe Geagea's supporters to betray Geagea. Samir Geagea and President Amine Gemayel decided not to accept the tripartite agreement and Geagea's LF attacked Hobeika's supporters, with the aim of carrying out an internal coup within the LF in favor. What they managed to do in January 1986 with the expulsion of Hobeika and the creation of the dissident formation of the Lebanese Forces – Executive Command which allied itself with the Syrian armed forces.
References
Battles of the Lebanese Civil War
1970s conflicts
1980s conflicts
1990s conflicts | Inter-Christian conflicts in Lebanon [SEP] Inter-Christian conflicts in Lebanon were sub-conflicts between Christian or secular militias but heavily composed of Christians during the Lebanese Civil War. It involves Phoenicianist Christian forces against pro-Syrian right-wing Christian forces, secular and left-wing Christian forces.
History
In 1977, relations within the Lebanese Front became strained between the Lebanese Phalanges and its close allies in the Marada Movement. This follows a decision by the Phalanges to try to ally with Israel, which the Maradas, long-time allies of Syria and anti-Zionists, categorically refuse.
It was then that regular clashes between the phalanges of Bachir Gemayel and the Marada Brigade were reported. This separation within the Lebanese Front poisons relations with former allies, notably the Kataeb, who try to encroach on the areas held by the maradas, which will lead to the death of Joud al-Bayeh, assassinated by several maradas, and will lead to in June of that same year, 1978, a FL raid on Zghorta and Ehden, strongholds of the Marada. The initial plan, ordered by Bashir Gemayel, was to arrest those who had murdered al-Bayeh. It was known that they were hiding in Frangié's summer residence in Ehden, but apparently degenerated in the heat of the moment, Tony Frangieh, his wife Vera and his daughter Jihane as well as 35 people were killed during this surprise attack. against 10 FL fighters. This event is known as the Ehden massacre.
This massacre prompted the maradas and the Frangieh family to ally themselves with the Lebanese enemies of the Lebanese Phalanges, notably the Lebanese National Movement. In retaliation, around a hundred Phalangists were massacred by the maradas in the following days and the others forced to flee or hide, another intervention led to the Qaa massacre, carried out by the Syrian armed forces on the orders of Rifaat el-Assad, with the aim of avenging Tony Frangieh.
During the same period, Bachir Gemayel tried to forcefully integrate the Christian militias into the Lebanese Forces (FL) by abolishing the old militias. As a result, this policy led to inter-Christian massacres until 1980, when Dany Chamoun's Tiger Militia was forcibly integrated into the FL. This will also give rise to the Free Tigers, who do not accept integration within the LF. The Free Tigers repeatedly attacked American representations in Lebanon to discredit the LF and were protected by the Syrian army.
At the same time, the organization of the Eagles of the Whirlwind (composed of many Orthodox and Maronite Christians with a strong Shiite Muslim component) linked to the secular Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP) was organized following the invasion of Lebanon by the Israeli troops via the south of the country. It is at this precise moment that the Lebanese National Resistance Front replaces the Lebanese National Movement, of which the SSNP and then the Marada Brigade will integrate.
The September 14, 1982 Habib Shartouni, a pro-Syrian social-nationalist activist of the Maronite faith, detonated his homemade bomb located in his sister's apartment, killing Bachir Gemayel and 25 other Phalangists. The motive for the attack was the open collaboration between the Lebanese Phalanges and Israel.
Subsequently, the Lebanese Phalanges were led by Fadi Frem then by Fouad Abou Nader between 1982 and 1985, the forces were generally unified, until the ousting of Abou Nader and the taking of office of Elie Hobeika. On March 12, 1985, Samir Geagea, Elie Hobeika and Karim Pakradouni rebelled against the command of Abu Nader, apparently to return the Lebanese Forces to their original path. Elie Hobeika then takes charge of the FL. However, relations with Samir Geagea became strained, Hobeika moved closer to the Syrians and ended up signing a tripartite agreement sponsored by Syria and aimed at ending the Lebanese civil war.
In December 1985, Hobeika signed on behalf of the LF an agreement with the Syrian government, the Druze Progressive Socialist Party (PSP) led by Walid Jumblatt and the Shiite Muslim Amal movement led by Nabih Berri, known as the Tripartite Agreement. One of the cornerstones of the agreement was the dismantling of Lebanese militias of all factions. He also planned to initiate political changes that would end sectarian domination over the Lebanese parliament and army.
Within the LF, there has been dispute over whether to maintain ties with Israel and how to respond to Syrian-sponsored negotiations to end the fighting. Hobeika was opposed to retaining existing ties with Israel. In October 1985, while negotiations were underway, skirmishes took place between Geagea's supporters and Hobeika's supporters, where Hobeika's supporters attempted to bribe Geagea's supporters to betray Geagea. Samir Geagea and President Amine Gemayel decided not to accept the tripartite agreement and Geagea's LF attacked Hobeika's supporters, with the aim of carrying out an internal coup within the LF in favor. What they managed to do in January 1986 with the expulsion of Hobeika and the creation of the dissident formation of the Lebanese Forces – Executive Command which allied itself with the Syrian armed forces.
References
Battles of the Lebanese Civil War
1970s conflicts
1980s conflicts
1990s conflicts |
75975516 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucasinho%20Ribeiro | Lucasinho Ribeiro | Costâncio Lucasinho Caridade Ribeiro (2 January 1863 – 23 January 1928) was a Goan playwright, theatre director, actor, singer, and composer known for staging the first teatro Italian Bhurgo (Italian Boy) on 17 April 1892 in Bombay. Known as the originator of Konkani tiatr, he also staged the first teatro at Assagão, Goa on 1 January 1894.
Theatrical career
Early zagor and khell tiatrs
During the 19th century, Goa was known for its theatrical performances called zagor and khell. These musical plays were staged outdoors in various public spaces such as street corners, village centers, and open areas. Zagor was primarily popular in North Goa, particularly in Bardez, while khell found its audience in South Goa, particularly in Salcete. Initially, these performances focused on social themes and were free from controversy and negative criticism. However, towards the end of the 19th century, the zagor form of entertainment gained popularity in Bombay, attracting the interest of North Goans. Unfortunately, this form of entertainment was considered crude and vulgar, leading to the embarrassment of the more affluent Goans residing in Bombay. They faced ridicule and mockery from non-Goans, which prompted the middle and upper classes in Bombay to shift their attention to English and Portuguese dramas.
Role in Italian Opera Company
In 1890, while zagor was still prevalent in Bombay, an Italian Opera Company arrived in the city, staging performances of great quality in renowned theaters. These Italian operas had good storylines, musical compositions, direction, stage designs, costumes, and lighting effects. These productions garnered a significant following, including some well-to-do Goans. It was during this time that a young 27-year-old Ribeiro, hailing from Assagão, Bardez, Goa, arrived in Bombay in search of employment. Ribeiro was passionate about music and stage arts and was disheartened by the state of Goan entertainment. Comparing the subpar quality of Goan performances to the excellence of the Italian Opera Company, Ribeiro felt inspired to make a change. However, Ribeiro faced numerous challenges in Bombay, where he had limited education and few opportunities. Undeterred, he pondered over the differences between Goans and the producers of Italian opera. He questioned why Goans could not create dramas of comparable quality and resolved to take action. Through his network, he managed to secure a job with the Italian Opera Company, initially working as a curtain puller and caretaker or a stagehand. Although the position offered a modest salary, Ribeiro accepted it as it provided him an opportunity to involve himself in theater, observe the artists, and enjoy the music.
Italian Bhurgo and other plays
During his time with the Italian Opera Company, Ribeiro traveled extensively with the troupe, visiting cities such as Poona, Madras, Simla, and Calcutta. However, when the company planned to journey to Burma, Ribeiro decided to resign and return to Bombay. By then, he had acquired a deep understanding of one of their operettas, memorizing both, the script and the music. Additionally, he had purchased used costumes from the company, further preparing himself for his future endeavors upon his return to Bombay. Upon his return to Bombay, Ribeiro authored the inaugural Konkani tiatr, which was a translation of an Italian operetta by the Gonzalez Brothers. Named Italian Bhurgo, this marked the genesis of the Konkani theatrical tradition. Ribeiro forged a partnership with Caetaninho Fernandes, a young resident of Taleigao, who not only joined Ribeiro's troupe but also aided in the recruitment of additional artists. Caetaninho, employed as a clerk at the Bombay Gazette, played a pivotal role in expanding the group's talent pool. The tiatr necessitated a team of nine performers, each assuming multiple roles.
Consequently, Ribeiro, Caetaninho, and João Agostinho Fernandes, a young man from Borda, Margão, employed at a pharmaceutical company in Bombay, began trying to enlist more artists. This was difficult, due to the negative reputation associated with Goan zagors, which dissuaded potential participants from engaging in Konkani entertainment. However, two additional Goans, Agustinho Mascarenhas from Mungul, Margão, and Fransquino Fernandes, were recruited. With an ensemble of five, they began planning for the inaugural staging of a Konkani tiatr. They convened for rehearsals each evening after their respective work commitments, near the Round Bungalow on Picket Road in Bombay. Only when they were entirely satisfied with their preparations did they fixate on a date for their maiden performance. On 17 April 1892, the first-ever Konkani tiatr, Italian Bhurgo (The Italian Boy), written and directed by Ribeiro, was showcased at the New Alfred Theatre in Bombay. The audience was impressed by the production's music, narrative, songs, and the authentic velvet costumes borrowed from the Italian Opera Company. The tiatr's success led the group to prominence, leading Ribeiro to name them the Goa Portuguese Dramatic Company.
Encouraged by their initial success, Ribeiro undertook further translations of plays into Konkani, including works such as Alladin Ani Tacho Ojeapancho Divo (Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp), Alibaba ani Cheallis Chor (Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves), and Carlos Magno (Charlemagne). Ribeiro's proficiency in English facilitated precise renditions of these classic English novels in Konkani, which were met with acclaim. The popularity of Konkani tiatr became evident as it garnered support not only in Bombay but also in Goa and among Goans residing elsewhere. Ribeiro then worked to introduce Konkani tiatr to Goa. While historical records from Assagão, Bardez, Ribeiro's birthplace, confirm that the first Konkani tiatr in Goa was staged in Assagão in 1894, it remains uncertain whether the performance was Italian Burgo or one of the other three plays translated by Ribeiro. This screening took place on New Year's Day, 1 January 1894, and featured artists such as Napoleanv, Manuel Jose Fonseca, Zeferine Andrade, Tolentino Fonseca, and L. J. Rapose. The musical accompaniment for this tiatr was provided by Mestre Gabriel Franco. Subsequently, Ribeiro went on to produce numerous tiatrs at Sokol-Vaddear in Assagão, Goa.
Introduction of teatro in Goa
The Konkani tiatr originated in Goa under the leadership of Ribeiro, making him the first Goan to introduce this theatrical form in the region. As Ribeiro's influence grew, the Konkani tiatr gradually spread to other parts of Goa. Inspired by Ribeiro, João Agostinho Fernandes from Borda, Margao, began writing and staging tiatrs in Bombay, where he honed his skills under Ribeiro's tutelage. While Ribeiro focused on translating established English and Portuguese plays into Konkani, Fernandes distinguished himself by creating original tiatrs. Fernandes openly acknowledged Ribeiro as his mentor in Konkani tiatrs, as evident in his writings for Konkani newspapers of the time, such as Ave Maria. One notable production by Fernandes was Batcara, which premiered on 22 November 1904, at the Gaiety Theatre in Bombay. The play featured Ribeiro as one of the actors, alongside Policarpo Mendonca, N.M. Fernandes, Anton Abranv, and Regina Fernandes, who became the first Goan woman to perform in Konkani tiatrs.
Closure of Ribeiro and Cruz Opera Company
The success of these early pioneers led to the formation of several new tiatr groups, reflecting the growing popularity and interest in the Konkani tiatr. Among these groups were Lusitan, Dona Amelia, Don Carlos, Douglas Cornic Opera, Karachiwallas Delectable Company, Goan Union, Lazarus Comic Opera, and Goa Nacional. However, conflicts and jealousy emerged among Ribeiro's group members, possibly influenced by external factors. Ribeiro ultimately abandoned his long-time colleagues, including Caetaninho Fernandes, João Agostinho Fernandes, Agostinho Mascarenhas, and Fransquino Fernandes. He formed a new group called the Ribeiro and Cruz Opera Company, leaving his former colleagues without guidance.
This period also witnessed the rise and subsequent decline of numerous Konkani drama/opera companies. While some, like the Union Jack' Drama Company led by A.J. Rocha, lasted longer, many others closed down within a few years, including the Ribeiro and Cruz Opera Company. After its closure, Ribeiro appears to have ceased translating English plays or producing new works in Konkani. Despite his continued involvement as an actor in João Agostinho Fernandes's productions in later years, there is no record of Ribeiro's own productions during this period. Although Ribeiro possessed a substantial collection of written material, including tiatr scripts and related documents, stored in a wooden box at his home in Assagão, Bardez, the fate of this box remains unknown. It is presumed that it may have been destroyed by pests or stolen. Konkani Historian and singer Wilson Mazarello writes, the loss of this valuable material deprives us of a deeper understanding of Ribeiro's artistic vision and contributions to the Konkani tiatr. Towards the end of his career, Ribeiro wrote and directed five tiatrs, including works such as Italian Bhurgo, Alibaba ani Cheallis Chor, and Carlos Magno. He was also a composer and singer of tiatr songs. In addition, Ribeiro continued his acting career, appearing in both his own productions and those of João Agostinho Fernandes.
Personal life
Ribeiro was also an artist, known for his skills as both a painter and a portrait artist. The artistic skill of Ribeiro was acknowledged by the Portuguese government, leading to a commission to create portraits of two former governors. However, Ribeiro's primary creative passion laid in the world of Konkani tiatr, a form of Goan theater. He remained committed to this art form throughout his life. Ribeiro was wedded to Filomena de Souza, and together they had three sons: Caetano Paulo, Teofilio, and Joaquim Menino. Caetano Paulo Ribeiro and Joaquim Menino Ribeiro, the latter commonly referred to as "Jack," followed their father's vocation and took to the stage in tiatrs. Jack was also a commercial artist, involved in crafting posters and portraits specifically for tiatr performances. The tiatr community thus referred to him as "painter J. Ribeiro".
Plays
Further reading
References
1863 births
1928 deaths
Goan people
Tiatrists
Actors from Goa
People from North Goa district
Dramatists and playwrights from Goa | Lucasinho Ribeiro [SEP] Costâncio Lucasinho Caridade Ribeiro (2 January 1863 – 23 January 1928) was a Goan playwright, theatre director, actor, singer, and composer known for staging the first teatro Italian Bhurgo (Italian Boy) on 17 April 1892 in Bombay. Known as the originator of Konkani tiatr, he also staged the first teatro at Assagão, Goa on 1 January 1894.
Theatrical career
Early zagor and khell tiatrs
During the 19th century, Goa was known for its theatrical performances called zagor and khell. These musical plays were staged outdoors in various public spaces such as street corners, village centers, and open areas. Zagor was primarily popular in North Goa, particularly in Bardez, while khell found its audience in South Goa, particularly in Salcete. Initially, these performances focused on social themes and were free from controversy and negative criticism. However, towards the end of the 19th century, the zagor form of entertainment gained popularity in Bombay, attracting the interest of North Goans. Unfortunately, this form of entertainment was considered crude and vulgar, leading to the embarrassment of the more affluent Goans residing in Bombay. They faced ridicule and mockery from non-Goans, which prompted the middle and upper classes in Bombay to shift their attention to English and Portuguese dramas.
Role in Italian Opera Company
In 1890, while zagor was still prevalent in Bombay, an Italian Opera Company arrived in the city, staging performances of great quality in renowned theaters. These Italian operas had good storylines, musical compositions, direction, stage designs, costumes, and lighting effects. These productions garnered a significant following, including some well-to-do Goans. It was during this time that a young 27-year-old Ribeiro, hailing from Assagão, Bardez, Goa, arrived in Bombay in search of employment. Ribeiro was passionate about music and stage arts and was disheartened by the state of Goan entertainment. Comparing the subpar quality of Goan performances to the excellence of the Italian Opera Company, Ribeiro felt inspired to make a change. However, Ribeiro faced numerous challenges in Bombay, where he had limited education and few opportunities. Undeterred, he pondered over the differences between Goans and the producers of Italian opera. He questioned why Goans could not create dramas of comparable quality and resolved to take action. Through his network, he managed to secure a job with the Italian Opera Company, initially working as a curtain puller and caretaker or a stagehand. Although the position offered a modest salary, Ribeiro accepted it as it provided him an opportunity to involve himself in theater, observe the artists, and enjoy the music.
Italian Bhurgo and other plays
During his time with the Italian Opera Company, Ribeiro traveled extensively with the troupe, visiting cities such as Poona, Madras, Simla, and Calcutta. However, when the company planned to journey to Burma, Ribeiro decided to resign and return to Bombay. By then, he had acquired a deep understanding of one of their operettas, memorizing both, the script and the music. Additionally, he had purchased used costumes from the company, further preparing himself for his future endeavors upon his return to Bombay. Upon his return to Bombay, Ribeiro authored the inaugural Konkani tiatr, which was a translation of an Italian operetta by the Gonzalez Brothers. Named Italian Bhurgo, this marked the genesis of the Konkani theatrical tradition. Ribeiro forged a partnership with Caetaninho Fernandes, a young resident of Taleigao, who not only joined Ribeiro's troupe but also aided in the recruitment of additional artists. Caetaninho, employed as a clerk at the Bombay Gazette, played a pivotal role in expanding the group's talent pool. The tiatr necessitated a team of nine performers, each assuming multiple roles.
Consequently, Ribeiro, Caetaninho, and João Agostinho Fernandes, a young man from Borda, Margão, employed at a pharmaceutical company in Bombay, began trying to enlist more artists. This was difficult, due to the negative reputation associated with Goan zagors, which dissuaded potential participants from engaging in Konkani entertainment. However, two additional Goans, Agustinho Mascarenhas from Mungul, Margão, and Fransquino Fernandes, were recruited. With an ensemble of five, they began planning for the inaugural staging of a Konkani tiatr. They convened for rehearsals each evening after their respective work commitments, near the Round Bungalow on Picket Road in Bombay. Only when they were entirely satisfied with their preparations did they fixate on a date for their maiden performance. On 17 April 1892, the first-ever Konkani tiatr, Italian Bhurgo (The Italian Boy), written and directed by Ribeiro, was showcased at the New Alfred Theatre in Bombay. The audience was impressed by the production's music, narrative, songs, and the authentic velvet costumes borrowed from the Italian Opera Company. The tiatr's success led the group to prominence, leading Ribeiro to name them the Goa Portuguese Dramatic Company.
Encouraged by their initial success, Ribeiro undertook further translations of plays into Konkani, including works such as Alladin Ani Tacho Ojeapancho Divo (Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp), Alibaba ani Cheallis Chor (Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves), and Carlos Magno (Charlemagne). Ribeiro's proficiency in English facilitated precise renditions of these classic English novels in Konkani, which were met with acclaim. The popularity of Konkani tiatr became evident as it garnered support not only in Bombay but also in Goa and among Goans residing elsewhere. Ribeiro then worked to introduce Konkani tiatr to Goa. While historical records from Assagão, Bardez, Ribeiro's birthplace, confirm that the first Konkani tiatr in Goa was staged in Assagão in 1894, it remains uncertain whether the performance was Italian Burgo or one of the other three plays translated by Ribeiro. This screening took place on New Year's Day, 1 January 1894, and featured artists such as Napoleanv, Manuel Jose Fonseca, Zeferine Andrade, Tolentino Fonseca, and L. J. Rapose. The musical accompaniment for this tiatr was provided by Mestre Gabriel Franco. Subsequently, Ribeiro went on to produce numerous tiatrs at Sokol-Vaddear in Assagão, Goa.
Introduction of teatro in Goa
The Konkani tiatr originated in Goa under the leadership of Ribeiro, making him the first Goan to introduce this theatrical form in the region. As Ribeiro's influence grew, the Konkani tiatr gradually spread to other parts of Goa. Inspired by Ribeiro, João Agostinho Fernandes from Borda, Margao, began writing and staging tiatrs in Bombay, where he honed his skills under Ribeiro's tutelage. While Ribeiro focused on translating established English and Portuguese plays into Konkani, Fernandes distinguished himself by creating original tiatrs. Fernandes openly acknowledged Ribeiro as his mentor in Konkani tiatrs, as evident in his writings for Konkani newspapers of the time, such as Ave Maria. One notable production by Fernandes was Batcara, which premiered on 22 November 1904, at the Gaiety Theatre in Bombay. The play featured Ribeiro as one of the actors, alongside Policarpo Mendonca, N.M. Fernandes, Anton Abranv, and Regina Fernandes, who became the first Goan woman to perform in Konkani tiatrs.
Closure of Ribeiro and Cruz Opera Company
The success of these early pioneers led to the formation of several new tiatr groups, reflecting the growing popularity and interest in the Konkani tiatr. Among these groups were Lusitan, Dona Amelia, Don Carlos, Douglas Cornic Opera, Karachiwallas Delectable Company, Goan Union, Lazarus Comic Opera, and Goa Nacional. However, conflicts and jealousy emerged among Ribeiro's group members, possibly influenced by external factors. Ribeiro ultimately abandoned his long-time colleagues, including Caetaninho Fernandes, João Agostinho Fernandes, Agostinho Mascarenhas, and Fransquino Fernandes. He formed a new group called the Ribeiro and Cruz Opera Company, leaving his former colleagues without guidance.
This period also witnessed the rise and subsequent decline of numerous Konkani drama/opera companies. While some, like the Union Jack' Drama Company led by A.J. Rocha, lasted longer, many others closed down within a few years, including the Ribeiro and Cruz Opera Company. After its closure, Ribeiro appears to have ceased translating English plays or producing new works in Konkani. Despite his continued involvement as an actor in João Agostinho Fernandes's productions in later years, there is no record of Ribeiro's own productions during this period. Although Ribeiro possessed a substantial collection of written material, including tiatr scripts and related documents, stored in a wooden box at his home in Assagão, Bardez, the fate of this box remains unknown. It is presumed that it may have been destroyed by pests or stolen. Konkani Historian and singer Wilson Mazarello writes, the loss of this valuable material deprives us of a deeper understanding of Ribeiro's artistic vision and contributions to the Konkani tiatr. Towards the end of his career, Ribeiro wrote and directed five tiatrs, including works such as Italian Bhurgo, Alibaba ani Cheallis Chor, and Carlos Magno. He was also a composer and singer of tiatr songs. In addition, Ribeiro continued his acting career, appearing in both his own productions and those of João Agostinho Fernandes.
Personal life
Ribeiro was also an artist, known for his skills as both a painter and a portrait artist. The artistic skill of Ribeiro was acknowledged by the Portuguese government, leading to a commission to create portraits of two former governors. However, Ribeiro's primary creative passion laid in the world of Konkani tiatr, a form of Goan theater. He remained committed to this art form throughout his life. Ribeiro was wedded to Filomena de Souza, and together they had three sons: Caetano Paulo, Teofilio, and Joaquim Menino. Caetano Paulo Ribeiro and Joaquim Menino Ribeiro, the latter commonly referred to as "Jack," followed their father's vocation and took to the stage in tiatrs. Jack was also a commercial artist, involved in crafting posters and portraits specifically for tiatr performances. The tiatr community thus referred to him as "painter J. Ribeiro".
Plays
Further reading
References
1863 births
1928 deaths
Goan people
Tiatrists
Actors from Goa
People from North Goa district
Dramatists and playwrights from Goa |
75975520 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvania%20milletispinosa | Alvania milletispinosa | Alvania milletispinosa is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
milletispinosa
Gastropods described in 2018 | Alvania milletispinosa [SEP] Alvania milletispinosa is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
milletispinosa
Gastropods described in 2018 |
75975529 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Choloki%20%281918%29 | Battle of Choloki (1918) | The Battle of Choloki was a battle between the Ottoman Empire and Transcaucasian troops on the Caucasian front of the World War I.
Background
On March 3, 1918, between Soviet Russia and Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottomans and Bulgaria, the Brest-Litovsk Armistice Agreement was signed, according to which Russia withdrew from the World War I. According to the truce, Russia had to give Batumi and Kars districts to the Ottoman Empire. At that time Transcaucasia was actually independent from the RSFSR and was governed by Transcaucasia Seim and Transcaucasia Commissariat, although it had not declared independence. The Ottoman Empire demanded the surrender of the territories belonging to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk from the Transcaucasian government as well. The Seim tried to solve the problem with Ottomans through diplomatic means. For this purpose, the Trebizond Peace Conference was started on March 12, 1918. The negotiation did not have a positive result. In parallel with the negotiations, the Ottoman army started military operations to occupy the disputed territories.
Combat operations until the 6th of April
In March, the 9th, 6th and 3rd Ottoman armies under the command of Mehmed Vehib Pasha attacked the Caucasus. On March 31, 1918, the Ottomans captured Batumi. The 4th Infantry Legion (Commander Tsereteli) stationed in the city fled to Ozurgeti, and the 2nd Infantry Legion (Commander Colonel Karalashvili) fled to Chakvi. The Chairman of the National Council of Georgia, Noe Zhordania, instructed Giorgi Mazniashvili to immediately go to Natanebi Station and prevent the Ottomans from advancing to the Choloki River here. Mazniashvili took over as chief of staff on April 1.
On April 2, Mazniashvili sent an armored train to Chakvi to relieve the besieged 2nd infantry legion, which was cut off by the Ottomans and was awaiting capture. Ottoman infantry was fortified east of Kobuleti, along the railway, and a thousand of their cavalry were stationed at Chakvi station. Armored personnel arrived at Chakvi station at 9 o'clock in the morning and destroyed the Ottomans entrenched at the station with machine gun fire. Karalashvili's legion took advantage of this and retreated with few casualties. This legion, which consisted of 500 soldiers, was demoralized and Mazniashvli sent it to Lanchkhuti, in reserve, which was to be filled with volunteers gathered by Isidore Ramishvili. Mazniashvili divided the 4th infantry legion into four thousand units and distributed them in Likhauri, Shemokmedi, Vashnari and Ozurgeti. At the Supsa station there was a horse battery under the command of Poruchiki Karaev. Mazniashvili had 4 machine guns, 6 buglers, an armored train with 90 soldiers and 400 National Guardsmen at his disposal.
The front line started from the port of Shekvetili and continued to the village of Shemokmedi. It was bordered by the Black Sea on the right, and the Adjara-Guria mountains on the left. Along the entire length, from the sea to Ozurgeti, the banks of the Choloki and Natanebi rivers were almost impassable for the army. Only locals who knew the paths could go there. This section had only two exits: Railway bridges over Natanebi and Choloki and cart-road through Likhauri to Ozurgeti. Mazniashvili started filling the army with local volunteers. Isidore Ramishvili helped him in this. In the countryside, almost everyone had a gun, and a few rifles were needed for distribution.
On April 3, an armored train derailed south of Choloki. The road was spoiled by the righteous. During the attack on the track, the Georgian side was opened fire at, to which the advanced detachment of Georgian scouts responded with fire too, killing two of the enemy and capturing several guns. On April 4, the Ottomans captured Kobuleti. including one officer and wounded several others. The Ottomans then retreated. Noe Zhordania, Irakli Tsereteli, Vlasa Mgeladze and others came to encourage the fighters in Natanebi and spoke words. On April 5, at eight o'clock in the evening, the Georgian side received intelligence that a relatively small part of the Ottoman Gallipoli 2nd Division was moving towards Ozurgeti with cart-road and a larger part, 7,000 soldiers, along the railway towards Natanebi. The Ottomans laid a barricade on the railway bridge of the Ochkhamuri river, which confirmed that they were going to launch the main attack from the side of the Natanebi. By blockading the railway, they hoped to leave the Georgian armored train inoperable. Mazniashvili built a railway from Choloki bridge into the forest in one day. In the evening of April 6, the Ottomans opened artillery fire.
Battle at the Choloki bridge
On April 8, the Ottoman army passed Ochkhamuri, but did not go through the valley and took refuge in the forest between Ochkhamuri and Choloki. Mazniashvili ordered the armored train to retreat. The armored personnel carrier was supposed to be in the rearguard, but then he shared the plan of Vladimir Goguadze, the head of the armored personnel carrier: to break into the enemy's positions and conduct a battle. The battle began at five o'clock in the morning on April 7. An armored train broke into the ranks of the enemy. But the Georgian side did not open fire either from the train or from the trenches, because it had received such an order. Only the artillery, which was handed over to Kargaretli, opened fire on the opponent.
When the Ottomans approached the train, The Georgians opened fire from the train as well as from trenches. The Ottoman soldiers found in the open field were killed in large numbers. At 11 o'clock, after six hours into the battle, an Ottoman dragster hit the armored car and threw the first car of the train off the tracks, and another attack was made on the armored car by a new thousand from the west. Goguadze had run out of hope and pressed the button with which the armored personnel carrier was supposed to explode, the enemy would only be left with iron fragments, but the wire leading from the remote control to the mine was broken and the mine did not come into action. In the meantime, Akaki Urushadze, who was sent to ask for additional help, came to Mazniashvili and a 400-man detachment of the Gori Guard joined the battle. The Ottomans finally broke and began to retreat. The Georgians came out of the trenches and reached the fleeing enemy to the bridge of Ochkhamuri before 4 o'clock in the day.
The Ottoman army retreated 4 kilometers. In the battle, 3 people were killed and 25 wounded on the Georgian side. On the side of the Ottomans, according to Mazniashvili's estimate, up to 500 people were killed, and according to other Georgian military leaders, up to 1000 people were killed. According to Dr. Vakhtang Gambashidze, the Ottomans were transporting 600 wounded soldiers to Batumi. According to "Georgia" newspaper, 80 were killed on the Ottoman side, 2 soldiers were captured. Georgians captured 20 rifles.
Many locals showed heroism in the battle: Aleksandre Gorgoshidze and Porfile Gorgoshidze were awarded the George Cross for their heroism in battle; Heroism was shown by the chief conductor Simon Skamkochaishvili, according to the story, the soldier Bolkvadze, who went on reconnaissance, was suddenly attacked by a group of Ottoman soldiers, killed 4 and took 4 prisoners. On April 13, 1918, Vladimir Goguadze became the first Georgian to receive the title of national hero.
Results
The success achieved at the Choloki bridge was overshadowed by other units of the Georgian army. A small army of Ottomans (one brigade with artillery) marched towards Ozurgeti, a thousand people camped in Likhauri did not resist, left their positions and retreated towards the city. This caused a panic, the army and state institutions left Ozurgeti and began to retreat towards Chokhatauri and the Ottomans freely occupied the abandoned city. In addition to Ozurgeti, the Ottomans took Chanieti, Likhauri, Makvaneti, Tsilimta, part of Melekeduri, and advanced in the direction of Vashnari. They attacked Shekari from Gakiruli, but they could not enter Shekari due to the resistance of the population. Mazniashvili managed to place the reserve army in Lanchkhuti at the Nasakiral pass and block the Chokhatauri road. On April 11, Mazniashvila tried to attack Ozurgeti and the Battle of Vashnari took place, but in the end the military actions were stopped by German diplomatic intervention and a temporary truce. The Ottomans left Ozurgeti according to the terms of the truce on June 7.
Literature
Sharadze, G., "Return", Vol. III, Tbilisi: "Science", 1992. — p. 438-446.
Mazniashvili, G., "Memories: 1917-1925", Tbilisi: State Publishing House, 1927. — p. 22-57.
References
Battles involving Georgia (country)
Battles involving the Ottoman Empire
Battles of the Caucasus Campaign
Battles of World War I
Military history | Battle of Choloki (1918) [SEP] The Battle of Choloki was a battle between the Ottoman Empire and Transcaucasian troops on the Caucasian front of the World War I.
Background
On March 3, 1918, between Soviet Russia and Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottomans and Bulgaria, the Brest-Litovsk Armistice Agreement was signed, according to which Russia withdrew from the World War I. According to the truce, Russia had to give Batumi and Kars districts to the Ottoman Empire. At that time Transcaucasia was actually independent from the RSFSR and was governed by Transcaucasia Seim and Transcaucasia Commissariat, although it had not declared independence. The Ottoman Empire demanded the surrender of the territories belonging to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk from the Transcaucasian government as well. The Seim tried to solve the problem with Ottomans through diplomatic means. For this purpose, the Trebizond Peace Conference was started on March 12, 1918. The negotiation did not have a positive result. In parallel with the negotiations, the Ottoman army started military operations to occupy the disputed territories.
Combat operations until the 6th of April
In March, the 9th, 6th and 3rd Ottoman armies under the command of Mehmed Vehib Pasha attacked the Caucasus. On March 31, 1918, the Ottomans captured Batumi. The 4th Infantry Legion (Commander Tsereteli) stationed in the city fled to Ozurgeti, and the 2nd Infantry Legion (Commander Colonel Karalashvili) fled to Chakvi. The Chairman of the National Council of Georgia, Noe Zhordania, instructed Giorgi Mazniashvili to immediately go to Natanebi Station and prevent the Ottomans from advancing to the Choloki River here. Mazniashvili took over as chief of staff on April 1.
On April 2, Mazniashvili sent an armored train to Chakvi to relieve the besieged 2nd infantry legion, which was cut off by the Ottomans and was awaiting capture. Ottoman infantry was fortified east of Kobuleti, along the railway, and a thousand of their cavalry were stationed at Chakvi station. Armored personnel arrived at Chakvi station at 9 o'clock in the morning and destroyed the Ottomans entrenched at the station with machine gun fire. Karalashvili's legion took advantage of this and retreated with few casualties. This legion, which consisted of 500 soldiers, was demoralized and Mazniashvli sent it to Lanchkhuti, in reserve, which was to be filled with volunteers gathered by Isidore Ramishvili. Mazniashvili divided the 4th infantry legion into four thousand units and distributed them in Likhauri, Shemokmedi, Vashnari and Ozurgeti. At the Supsa station there was a horse battery under the command of Poruchiki Karaev. Mazniashvili had 4 machine guns, 6 buglers, an armored train with 90 soldiers and 400 National Guardsmen at his disposal.
The front line started from the port of Shekvetili and continued to the village of Shemokmedi. It was bordered by the Black Sea on the right, and the Adjara-Guria mountains on the left. Along the entire length, from the sea to Ozurgeti, the banks of the Choloki and Natanebi rivers were almost impassable for the army. Only locals who knew the paths could go there. This section had only two exits: Railway bridges over Natanebi and Choloki and cart-road through Likhauri to Ozurgeti. Mazniashvili started filling the army with local volunteers. Isidore Ramishvili helped him in this. In the countryside, almost everyone had a gun, and a few rifles were needed for distribution.
On April 3, an armored train derailed south of Choloki. The road was spoiled by the righteous. During the attack on the track, the Georgian side was opened fire at, to which the advanced detachment of Georgian scouts responded with fire too, killing two of the enemy and capturing several guns. On April 4, the Ottomans captured Kobuleti. including one officer and wounded several others. The Ottomans then retreated. Noe Zhordania, Irakli Tsereteli, Vlasa Mgeladze and others came to encourage the fighters in Natanebi and spoke words. On April 5, at eight o'clock in the evening, the Georgian side received intelligence that a relatively small part of the Ottoman Gallipoli 2nd Division was moving towards Ozurgeti with cart-road and a larger part, 7,000 soldiers, along the railway towards Natanebi. The Ottomans laid a barricade on the railway bridge of the Ochkhamuri river, which confirmed that they were going to launch the main attack from the side of the Natanebi. By blockading the railway, they hoped to leave the Georgian armored train inoperable. Mazniashvili built a railway from Choloki bridge into the forest in one day. In the evening of April 6, the Ottomans opened artillery fire.
Battle at the Choloki bridge
On April 8, the Ottoman army passed Ochkhamuri, but did not go through the valley and took refuge in the forest between Ochkhamuri and Choloki. Mazniashvili ordered the armored train to retreat. The armored personnel carrier was supposed to be in the rearguard, but then he shared the plan of Vladimir Goguadze, the head of the armored personnel carrier: to break into the enemy's positions and conduct a battle. The battle began at five o'clock in the morning on April 7. An armored train broke into the ranks of the enemy. But the Georgian side did not open fire either from the train or from the trenches, because it had received such an order. Only the artillery, which was handed over to Kargaretli, opened fire on the opponent.
When the Ottomans approached the train, The Georgians opened fire from the train as well as from trenches. The Ottoman soldiers found in the open field were killed in large numbers. At 11 o'clock, after six hours into the battle, an Ottoman dragster hit the armored car and threw the first car of the train off the tracks, and another attack was made on the armored car by a new thousand from the west. Goguadze had run out of hope and pressed the button with which the armored personnel carrier was supposed to explode, the enemy would only be left with iron fragments, but the wire leading from the remote control to the mine was broken and the mine did not come into action. In the meantime, Akaki Urushadze, who was sent to ask for additional help, came to Mazniashvili and a 400-man detachment of the Gori Guard joined the battle. The Ottomans finally broke and began to retreat. The Georgians came out of the trenches and reached the fleeing enemy to the bridge of Ochkhamuri before 4 o'clock in the day.
The Ottoman army retreated 4 kilometers. In the battle, 3 people were killed and 25 wounded on the Georgian side. On the side of the Ottomans, according to Mazniashvili's estimate, up to 500 people were killed, and according to other Georgian military leaders, up to 1000 people were killed. According to Dr. Vakhtang Gambashidze, the Ottomans were transporting 600 wounded soldiers to Batumi. According to "Georgia" newspaper, 80 were killed on the Ottoman side, 2 soldiers were captured. Georgians captured 20 rifles.
Many locals showed heroism in the battle: Aleksandre Gorgoshidze and Porfile Gorgoshidze were awarded the George Cross for their heroism in battle; Heroism was shown by the chief conductor Simon Skamkochaishvili, according to the story, the soldier Bolkvadze, who went on reconnaissance, was suddenly attacked by a group of Ottoman soldiers, killed 4 and took 4 prisoners. On April 13, 1918, Vladimir Goguadze became the first Georgian to receive the title of national hero.
Results
The success achieved at the Choloki bridge was overshadowed by other units of the Georgian army. A small army of Ottomans (one brigade with artillery) marched towards Ozurgeti, a thousand people camped in Likhauri did not resist, left their positions and retreated towards the city. This caused a panic, the army and state institutions left Ozurgeti and began to retreat towards Chokhatauri and the Ottomans freely occupied the abandoned city. In addition to Ozurgeti, the Ottomans took Chanieti, Likhauri, Makvaneti, Tsilimta, part of Melekeduri, and advanced in the direction of Vashnari. They attacked Shekari from Gakiruli, but they could not enter Shekari due to the resistance of the population. Mazniashvili managed to place the reserve army in Lanchkhuti at the Nasakiral pass and block the Chokhatauri road. On April 11, Mazniashvila tried to attack Ozurgeti and the Battle of Vashnari took place, but in the end the military actions were stopped by German diplomatic intervention and a temporary truce. The Ottomans left Ozurgeti according to the terms of the truce on June 7.
Literature
Sharadze, G., "Return", Vol. III, Tbilisi: "Science", 1992. — p. 438-446.
Mazniashvili, G., "Memories: 1917-1925", Tbilisi: State Publishing House, 1927. — p. 22-57.
References
Battles involving Georgia (country)
Battles involving the Ottoman Empire
Battles of the Caucasus Campaign
Battles of World War I
Military history |
75975539 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour%20Generaci%C3%B3n%20RBD | Tour Generación RBD | The Tour Generación RBD (billed as Generación RBD) was the debut concert tour by Mexican Latin pop band RBD. The tour supported their first two studio albums, Rebelde (2004) and Nuestro Amor (2005). The 141-show tour began on May 13, 2005, in Toluca, Mexico, and concluded on March 3, 2007, in Laredo, United States. The official announcement occurred on May 1, 2005, following the commercial success of the band's debut album. Diego Boneta served as the opening act for the dates in Brazil.
The setlist consisted of songs from their first two records, Rebelde and Nuestro Amor and featured covers of songs by artists such as Timbiriche, Maná, Hombres G, and Luis Miguel. The tour received a mixed reception from critics; some praised the band's infectious energy and engaging interaction with the audience, while others criticized the vocal performance of the members. It was a commercial success, grossing in total of US$30.9 million by playing in front of 637,364 audience. According to Billboard, it was the highest-grossing Latin concert tour of 2006. Additionally, it was awarded Latin Tour of the Year at the 2006 Latin Billboard Music Awards. A number of concerts were recorded and released, including the show in May 2005 at Mexico's Palacio de los Deportes; afterwards released as a live album and on DVD under the title Tour Generación RBD En Vivo. Directed by Pedro Damián, ¿Que Hay Detrás de RBD? (2006) was a documentary film chronicling the tour.
Background and development
Following the premiere of the telenovela Rebelde, RBD released their debut single "Rebelde", from the studio album of the same name (2004). The record was certified diamond by the Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas (AMPROFON) with 500,000 copies sold. Also in 2004, producer Pedro Damián announced that there were plans for a concert tour. During a press conference on May 1, 2005, he officially announced the Tour Generación RBD. The first twelve dates of the tour were confirmed, with more concerts to be added. In the second half of 2005, RBD performed in such countries as Colombia, Venezuela, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Ecuador. The set list of the shows was composed mainly of songs from the two studio albums, Rebelde and Nuestro Amor, as well as other songs by Latin artists.
In 2006, the Tour Generación RBD continued in the United States, with the band initially performing in 30 US cities. On the RBD website, nine concerts in Brazil were scheduled, followed by three more confirmed dates (Curitiba, Salvador and Goiânia). The organization of the tour was the responsibility of the companies Mondo Entretenimento and Roptus, with support from the record label EMI Music. The organizers were notified of the fact that they had not licensed their copyrights at the Central Collection and Distribution (ECAD), and were charged approximately one million reais for eight of the band's performances in Brazil. There were a total of thirteen concerts in the country, with Diego Boneta as the opening act. In 2007, the tour continued with four concerts in Chile, concluding on March 3 in Laredo, Texas.
Commercial reception
As soon as the tour was announced, tickets were sold out in Mexico, and was attended by 150,000 people in the country. According to People en Español, it was the second highest-grossing Latin tour in the first half of 2006. The single show at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum attracted 63,101 people, standing as one of the most attended Latin concerts in the venue's history. After finishing, Tour Generación RBD became the highest-grossing international tour in Brazil. However, it did not come up to expectations of the organizers who wanted to sell 450,000 tickets and earn over R$65 million. In 2006, Billboard reported that Generación RBD had grossed over $30.9 million ($ in dollars) from 51 shows and attracted 637,364 people, becoming the highest-grossing Latin concert tour of the year. At the end of 2006, the tour was placed at number 35 on Pollstars "Year End Top 100" list, grossing 23.6 million from 37 shows with a total audience of 749,485.
Set list
This set list represents concerts realized between 2005 and 2006. It does not represent all dates throughout the tour.
{{hidden
| headercss = background: #ccccff; font-size: 100%; width: 90%;
| contentcss = text-align: left; font-size: 100%; width: 90%;
| header = 2005
| content =
"Rebelde"
"Otro Día Que Va"
"Santa No Soy"
Medley 1: "Me He Enamorado De Un Fan" / "No Sé Si Es Amor" / "Ámame Hasta Con Los Dientes" / "Rayo Rebelde" / "Baile Del Sapo" / "Me Vale"
"Enséñame"
"Futuro Ex-Novio"
"Cuando El Amor Se Acaba"
"Liso, Sensual"
"A Rabiar"
"Una Canción"
Medley 2: "Cuando Baja La Marea" / "Te Quiero" / "Verano Peligroso" / "Devuélveme a mi chica" / "La Chica Del Bikini Azul" / "Viviendo De Noche" / "De Música Ligera" / "Es Mejor Así"
"Fuego"
"Sálvame"
"Tenerte y Quererte"
"Un Poco de Tu Amor"
"Solo Quédate En Silencio"
Encore
"Rebelde"
}}
{{hidden
| headercss = background: #ccccff; font-size: 100%; width: 90%;
| contentcss = text-align: left; font-size: 100%; width: 90%;
| header = 2006–07
| content =
"Rebelde"
"Santa No Soy"
"Así Soy Yo"
"Feliz Cumpleaños"
"Enséñame"
"Qué Fue del Amor"
"Cuando El Amor Se Acaba"
"Una Canción"
"Este Corazón"
"Solo para Tí"
"Me Voy"
"Sálvame"
"Tenerte y Quererte"
"No Pares"
"A Tu Lado"
"Fuera"
"Solo Quédate En Silencio"
"Qué Hay Detrás"
"Un Poco de Tu Amor"
"Aún Hay Algo"
"Tras de Mí"
Encore
"Ser o Parecer"
"Nuestro Amor"
"Rebelde"
}}
Notes
A Portuguese rock version of "Rebelde" was sung during the shows in Brazil.
"Ser o Parecer" was added to the set list during the concert in São Paulo.
Shows
Cancelled dates
Personnel
Credits and personnel adapted from Tour Generación RBD En Vivo and Live in Rio video liner notes.
Band
Alfonso Herrera – vocals
Anahí – vocals
Charly Rey – electric guitar, guitar
Christian Chávez – vocals
Christopher Uckermann – vocals
Dulce María – vocals
Eduardo Tellez – keyboards
Gonzalo Velásquez – acoustic guitar, electric guitar
Güido Laris – musical director, bass, guitar, additional vocals
Luis Emilio Arreaza "Catire" – drums, percussion
Maite Perroni – vocals
Martini Schram – electric guitar
Mauricio Soto "Bicho" – drums, percussion
Crew
Alejandro Mayen – pyrotechnician
Bejamin López – video director
Carolina Palomo Ramos – marketing coordinator
Christian Rodriguez – video director
Dante Gudiño – road manager
David Rios – stage manager
Fabiola Liera – choreography
Gerardo Garcia – stage manager
Jeronimo Ramirez – lighting director
Juan Manuel Puerto – personal manager
Luis Enrique Estrada – pyrotechnician, set design
Ricardo Marquez – personal manager
Roberto Cardozo – sound coordinator
Salvador López – stage manager
Sergio Mateos – production manager
William John Murphy – make-up, styling
See also
List of highest-grossing concert tours by Latin artists
Notes
References
RBD concert tours
2005 concert tours
2006 concert tours
2007 concert tours
Concert tours of Mexico
Concert tours of Colombia
Concert tours of Venezuela
Concert tours of Puerto Rico
Concert tours of Guatemala
Concert tours of El Salvador
Concert tours of Ecuador
Concert tours of the United States
Concert tours of Costa Rica
Concert tours of Panama
Concert tours of the Dominican Republic
Concert tours of Brazil
Concert tours of Chile
Concert tours of Peru
Concert tours of Spain | Tour Generación RBD [SEP] The Tour Generación RBD (billed as Generación RBD) was the debut concert tour by Mexican Latin pop band RBD. The tour supported their first two studio albums, Rebelde (2004) and Nuestro Amor (2005). The 141-show tour began on May 13, 2005, in Toluca, Mexico, and concluded on March 3, 2007, in Laredo, United States. The official announcement occurred on May 1, 2005, following the commercial success of the band's debut album. Diego Boneta served as the opening act for the dates in Brazil.
The setlist consisted of songs from their first two records, Rebelde and Nuestro Amor and featured covers of songs by artists such as Timbiriche, Maná, Hombres G, and Luis Miguel. The tour received a mixed reception from critics; some praised the band's infectious energy and engaging interaction with the audience, while others criticized the vocal performance of the members. It was a commercial success, grossing in total of US$30.9 million by playing in front of 637,364 audience. According to Billboard, it was the highest-grossing Latin concert tour of 2006. Additionally, it was awarded Latin Tour of the Year at the 2006 Latin Billboard Music Awards. A number of concerts were recorded and released, including the show in May 2005 at Mexico's Palacio de los Deportes; afterwards released as a live album and on DVD under the title Tour Generación RBD En Vivo. Directed by Pedro Damián, ¿Que Hay Detrás de RBD? (2006) was a documentary film chronicling the tour.
Background and development
Following the premiere of the telenovela Rebelde, RBD released their debut single "Rebelde", from the studio album of the same name (2004). The record was certified diamond by the Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas (AMPROFON) with 500,000 copies sold. Also in 2004, producer Pedro Damián announced that there were plans for a concert tour. During a press conference on May 1, 2005, he officially announced the Tour Generación RBD. The first twelve dates of the tour were confirmed, with more concerts to be added. In the second half of 2005, RBD performed in such countries as Colombia, Venezuela, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Ecuador. The set list of the shows was composed mainly of songs from the two studio albums, Rebelde and Nuestro Amor, as well as other songs by Latin artists.
In 2006, the Tour Generación RBD continued in the United States, with the band initially performing in 30 US cities. On the RBD website, nine concerts in Brazil were scheduled, followed by three more confirmed dates (Curitiba, Salvador and Goiânia). The organization of the tour was the responsibility of the companies Mondo Entretenimento and Roptus, with support from the record label EMI Music. The organizers were notified of the fact that they had not licensed their copyrights at the Central Collection and Distribution (ECAD), and were charged approximately one million reais for eight of the band's performances in Brazil. There were a total of thirteen concerts in the country, with Diego Boneta as the opening act. In 2007, the tour continued with four concerts in Chile, concluding on March 3 in Laredo, Texas.
Commercial reception
As soon as the tour was announced, tickets were sold out in Mexico, and was attended by 150,000 people in the country. According to People en Español, it was the second highest-grossing Latin tour in the first half of 2006. The single show at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum attracted 63,101 people, standing as one of the most attended Latin concerts in the venue's history. After finishing, Tour Generación RBD became the highest-grossing international tour in Brazil. However, it did not come up to expectations of the organizers who wanted to sell 450,000 tickets and earn over R$65 million. In 2006, Billboard reported that Generación RBD had grossed over $30.9 million ($ in dollars) from 51 shows and attracted 637,364 people, becoming the highest-grossing Latin concert tour of the year. At the end of 2006, the tour was placed at number 35 on Pollstars "Year End Top 100" list, grossing 23.6 million from 37 shows with a total audience of 749,485.
Set list
This set list represents concerts realized between 2005 and 2006. It does not represent all dates throughout the tour.
{{hidden
| headercss = background: #ccccff; font-size: 100%; width: 90%;
| contentcss = text-align: left; font-size: 100%; width: 90%;
| header = 2005
| content =
"Rebelde"
"Otro Día Que Va"
"Santa No Soy"
Medley 1: "Me He Enamorado De Un Fan" / "No Sé Si Es Amor" / "Ámame Hasta Con Los Dientes" / "Rayo Rebelde" / "Baile Del Sapo" / "Me Vale"
"Enséñame"
"Futuro Ex-Novio"
"Cuando El Amor Se Acaba"
"Liso, Sensual"
"A Rabiar"
"Una Canción"
Medley 2: "Cuando Baja La Marea" / "Te Quiero" / "Verano Peligroso" / "Devuélveme a mi chica" / "La Chica Del Bikini Azul" / "Viviendo De Noche" / "De Música Ligera" / "Es Mejor Así"
"Fuego"
"Sálvame"
"Tenerte y Quererte"
"Un Poco de Tu Amor"
"Solo Quédate En Silencio"
Encore
"Rebelde"
}}
{{hidden
| headercss = background: #ccccff; font-size: 100%; width: 90%;
| contentcss = text-align: left; font-size: 100%; width: 90%;
| header = 2006–07
| content =
"Rebelde"
"Santa No Soy"
"Así Soy Yo"
"Feliz Cumpleaños"
"Enséñame"
"Qué Fue del Amor"
"Cuando El Amor Se Acaba"
"Una Canción"
"Este Corazón"
"Solo para Tí"
"Me Voy"
"Sálvame"
"Tenerte y Quererte"
"No Pares"
"A Tu Lado"
"Fuera"
"Solo Quédate En Silencio"
"Qué Hay Detrás"
"Un Poco de Tu Amor"
"Aún Hay Algo"
"Tras de Mí"
Encore
"Ser o Parecer"
"Nuestro Amor"
"Rebelde"
}}
Notes
A Portuguese rock version of "Rebelde" was sung during the shows in Brazil.
"Ser o Parecer" was added to the set list during the concert in São Paulo.
Shows
Cancelled dates
Personnel
Credits and personnel adapted from Tour Generación RBD En Vivo and Live in Rio video liner notes.
Band
Alfonso Herrera – vocals
Anahí – vocals
Charly Rey – electric guitar, guitar
Christian Chávez – vocals
Christopher Uckermann – vocals
Dulce María – vocals
Eduardo Tellez – keyboards
Gonzalo Velásquez – acoustic guitar, electric guitar
Güido Laris – musical director, bass, guitar, additional vocals
Luis Emilio Arreaza "Catire" – drums, percussion
Maite Perroni – vocals
Martini Schram – electric guitar
Mauricio Soto "Bicho" – drums, percussion
Crew
Alejandro Mayen – pyrotechnician
Bejamin López – video director
Carolina Palomo Ramos – marketing coordinator
Christian Rodriguez – video director
Dante Gudiño – road manager
David Rios – stage manager
Fabiola Liera – choreography
Gerardo Garcia – stage manager
Jeronimo Ramirez – lighting director
Juan Manuel Puerto – personal manager
Luis Enrique Estrada – pyrotechnician, set design
Ricardo Marquez – personal manager
Roberto Cardozo – sound coordinator
Salvador López – stage manager
Sergio Mateos – production manager
William John Murphy – make-up, styling
See also
List of highest-grossing concert tours by Latin artists
Notes
References
RBD concert tours
2005 concert tours
2006 concert tours
2007 concert tours
Concert tours of Mexico
Concert tours of Colombia
Concert tours of Venezuela
Concert tours of Puerto Rico
Concert tours of Guatemala
Concert tours of El Salvador
Concert tours of Ecuador
Concert tours of the United States
Concert tours of Costa Rica
Concert tours of Panama
Concert tours of the Dominican Republic
Concert tours of Brazil
Concert tours of Chile
Concert tours of Peru
Concert tours of Spain |
75975540 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvania%20miocalasi | Alvania miocalasi | Alvania miocalasi is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
miocalasi
Gastropods described in 2018 | Alvania miocalasi [SEP] Alvania miocalasi is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
miocalasi
Gastropods described in 2018 |
75975545 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostanjica | Kostanjica | Kostanjica may refer to:
Kostanjica, Kotor, a village in Montenegro
Kostanjica, Croatia, a village near Grožnjan
Koštanjica, a village near Bar, Montenegro
See also
Kostajnica (disambiguation) | Kostanjica [SEP] Kostanjica may refer to:
Kostanjica, Kotor, a village in Montenegro
Kostanjica, Croatia, a village near Grožnjan
Koštanjica, a village near Bar, Montenegro
See also
Kostajnica (disambiguation) |
75975550 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20do%20Carmo%20Ger%C3%B4nimo | Maria do Carmo Gerônimo | Maria do Carmo Gerônimo (1871? — 14 June 2000) was a former Brazilian slave who at the time of her death was claimed to have been the oldest person in the world. However, due to the lack of a birth certificate or any other civil document proving her year of birth, her claim was never recognised by The Guinness Book of Records. It is not disputed that she was the last surviving Brazilian slave.
Early life
According to church records from the Nossa Senhora do Carmo Parish in Campanha in the south of Minas Gerais state in Brazil, Gerônimo was born on 5 March 1871 and was baptised 16 days later. This was a few months before the Rio Branco Law that freed all children born to enslaved mothers. She was the daughter of Sabrina and Gerônimo, slaves of Luiz José Monteiro de Noronha, a sugar-cane farmer, and owner of a pottery and a hotel. She had three siblings, one of whom was killed after being kicked by a horse. Her mother died when she was about eight and she was separated from her other siblings after they were taken to another farm. She recalled being frequently beaten. At the age of 15 she was sold to a farmer from Baependi in Minas Gerais and lived as a slave until she was 17, when slavery was abolished in Brazil under the Lei Áurea of 13 May 1888. At this time, she returned to her birth town of Carmo de Minas.
Life
In the 1930s, Gerônimo moved to the city of Cristina from where, at Christmas 1942, she went to live in Itajubá, Minas Gerais to be the maid in the family of thirteen children of the historian José Armelim Bernardo Guimarães. Guimarães was the grandson of Bernardo Guimarães who, coincidentally, had written a famous novel called Isaura the Slave Girl. She lived with the family for 58 years until her death.
Appreciation
Gerônimo became famous in the later stages of her life. She was interviewed by many newspapers and magazines in Brazil, and by Brazilian and foreign TV stations, including from Argentina, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Spain, and the US. She was made an honorary citizen of six Brazilian cities, although not of her home city of Itajubá. In 1995 she was awarded the Zumbi dos Palmares centenary medal (named after the leader of a group of slaves who liberated themselves) and travelled with the mayor of Rio de Janeiro, César Maia, to the city to realize her dream of seeing the sea. She was honoured during the 1996 Rio Carnival parade at the Sambadrome, parading with the Unidos da Tijuca samba school, which had the end of slavery as its theme. On 5 October 1997, she received the personal blessing of Pope John Paul II at a mass in Rio de Janeiro.
The 1994 Brazilian equivalent of the Guinness Book of Records recorded Gerônimo as the oldest person in the world but the Guinness Book of Records itself did not accept her claim due to the lack of civil records.
Death
Gerônimo died of a stroke on 14 June 2000 at the hospital at the faculty of medicine in Itajubá. On the basis of church records, she would have been 129 years old. However, some historians have noted that her age could have been exaggerated so that she would not qualify for freedom under the 1871 Rio Branco Law.
References
External link
Video about Maria do Carmo Gerônimo
2000 deaths
19th-century Brazilian women
20th-century Brazilian women
Oldest people
People from Minas Gerais
Women supercentenarians
Afro-Brazilian women | Maria do Carmo Gerônimo [SEP] Maria do Carmo Gerônimo (1871? — 14 June 2000) was a former Brazilian slave who at the time of her death was claimed to have been the oldest person in the world. However, due to the lack of a birth certificate or any other civil document proving her year of birth, her claim was never recognised by The Guinness Book of Records. It is not disputed that she was the last surviving Brazilian slave.
Early life
According to church records from the Nossa Senhora do Carmo Parish in Campanha in the south of Minas Gerais state in Brazil, Gerônimo was born on 5 March 1871 and was baptised 16 days later. This was a few months before the Rio Branco Law that freed all children born to enslaved mothers. She was the daughter of Sabrina and Gerônimo, slaves of Luiz José Monteiro de Noronha, a sugar-cane farmer, and owner of a pottery and a hotel. She had three siblings, one of whom was killed after being kicked by a horse. Her mother died when she was about eight and she was separated from her other siblings after they were taken to another farm. She recalled being frequently beaten. At the age of 15 she was sold to a farmer from Baependi in Minas Gerais and lived as a slave until she was 17, when slavery was abolished in Brazil under the Lei Áurea of 13 May 1888. At this time, she returned to her birth town of Carmo de Minas.
Life
In the 1930s, Gerônimo moved to the city of Cristina from where, at Christmas 1942, she went to live in Itajubá, Minas Gerais to be the maid in the family of thirteen children of the historian José Armelim Bernardo Guimarães. Guimarães was the grandson of Bernardo Guimarães who, coincidentally, had written a famous novel called Isaura the Slave Girl. She lived with the family for 58 years until her death.
Appreciation
Gerônimo became famous in the later stages of her life. She was interviewed by many newspapers and magazines in Brazil, and by Brazilian and foreign TV stations, including from Argentina, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Spain, and the US. She was made an honorary citizen of six Brazilian cities, although not of her home city of Itajubá. In 1995 she was awarded the Zumbi dos Palmares centenary medal (named after the leader of a group of slaves who liberated themselves) and travelled with the mayor of Rio de Janeiro, César Maia, to the city to realize her dream of seeing the sea. She was honoured during the 1996 Rio Carnival parade at the Sambadrome, parading with the Unidos da Tijuca samba school, which had the end of slavery as its theme. On 5 October 1997, she received the personal blessing of Pope John Paul II at a mass in Rio de Janeiro.
The 1994 Brazilian equivalent of the Guinness Book of Records recorded Gerônimo as the oldest person in the world but the Guinness Book of Records itself did not accept her claim due to the lack of civil records.
Death
Gerônimo died of a stroke on 14 June 2000 at the hospital at the faculty of medicine in Itajubá. On the basis of church records, she would have been 129 years old. However, some historians have noted that her age could have been exaggerated so that she would not qualify for freedom under the 1871 Rio Branco Law.
References
External link
Video about Maria do Carmo Gerônimo
2000 deaths
19th-century Brazilian women
20th-century Brazilian women
Oldest people
People from Minas Gerais
Women supercentenarians
Afro-Brazilian women |
75975561 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvania%20miolactea | Alvania miolactea | Alvania miolactea is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
miolactea
Gastropods described in 2018 | Alvania miolactea [SEP] Alvania miolactea is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
miolactea
Gastropods described in 2018 |
75975571 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoover%20Dawahare | Hoover Dawahare | Herbert Hoover Dawahare (November 2, 1928 – March 16, 2004) was an American businessman and politician who served as a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from the 91st district from 1974 to 1986. He also served as vice-president of Dawahares, a chain of retail clothing stores.
Biography
Herbert Hoover Dawahare was born on November 2, 1928, in Fleming-Neon, Kentucky, to Syrian immigrants Serur Dawahare and Selma Cury. His father Serur was the founder of Dawahares, a chain of retail clothing stores which operated in Kentucky, West Virginia, and Tennessee.
Dawahare was the founder of Hoovers furniture, and operated the business for over thirty years.
In 1973, Dawahare ran for a seat in the Kentucky House of Representatives against incumbent representative Chester Jones. Dawahare defeated Jones in the primary taking 3,244 votes to Jones 2,310 votes. Dawahare ran unopposed in the general election. He served until 1986, when he retired.
Dawahare died on March 16, 2004, in Lexington, Kentucky, at the age of 75. He was interred at the Lexington Cemetery in Lexington.
References
1928 births
2004 deaths
People from Letcher County, Kentucky
Democratic Party members of the Kentucky House of Representatives
20th-century American legislators
20th-century American businesspeople
Burials at Lexington Cemetery | Hoover Dawahare [SEP] Herbert Hoover Dawahare (November 2, 1928 – March 16, 2004) was an American businessman and politician who served as a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from the 91st district from 1974 to 1986. He also served as vice-president of Dawahares, a chain of retail clothing stores.
Biography
Herbert Hoover Dawahare was born on November 2, 1928, in Fleming-Neon, Kentucky, to Syrian immigrants Serur Dawahare and Selma Cury. His father Serur was the founder of Dawahares, a chain of retail clothing stores which operated in Kentucky, West Virginia, and Tennessee.
Dawahare was the founder of Hoovers furniture, and operated the business for over thirty years.
In 1973, Dawahare ran for a seat in the Kentucky House of Representatives against incumbent representative Chester Jones. Dawahare defeated Jones in the primary taking 3,244 votes to Jones 2,310 votes. Dawahare ran unopposed in the general election. He served until 1986, when he retired.
Dawahare died on March 16, 2004, in Lexington, Kentucky, at the age of 75. He was interred at the Lexington Cemetery in Lexington.
References
1928 births
2004 deaths
People from Letcher County, Kentucky
Democratic Party members of the Kentucky House of Representatives
20th-century American legislators
20th-century American businesspeople
Burials at Lexington Cemetery |
75975578 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consulate%20General%20of%20Sweden%2C%20Minneapolis | Consulate General of Sweden, Minneapolis | The Consulate General of Sweden, Minneapolis was the diplomatic mission of Sweden in Minneapolis between 1963 and 1989. The consulate originated from the honorary vice consulate opened in 1908, which was converted into a consulate in 1934 and into a consulate general in 1963. Along with those in New York City, San Francisco, Montreal, Chicago, and Houston, the consulate belonged to the so-called "heritage consulates" due to the large number of inheritance cases it handled.
The consulate's jurisdiction included not only the city of Minneapolis but also the states of Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin, and later also the states of Colorado, Wyoming, and New Mexico. The consulate closed in 1989, and from the same year, a Swedish honorary consulate general operates in Minneapolis with an unpaid honorary consul general as its head. Since 2003, the honorary consul general has also served as the CEO and president of the American Swedish Institute.
History
1908–1989
The Consulate General in Minneapolis originated from the honorary vice consulate established on August 28, 1908, with a district covering the states of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Colorado, Wyoming, and the New Mexico Territory. By decision on December 1, 1911, the consul received an office allocation of SEK 4,000. In 1934, the vice consulate was converted into a consulate, and in 1963, into a consulate general. The consulate chancery was located in several places in Minneapolis during its existence but for the longest period, over 20 years, in a villa in Lowry Hill where the chief residence was also located. In 1966, the chancery moved to an office building in Central Minneapolis. Throughout the years, inheritance matters primarily occupied the consulate's activities among Swedish Americans active in the Midwest, especially in states like Minnesota, Illinois, and Wisconsin. Inheritance matters decreased every year after Swedish emigration to the United States ceased.
Closure
In early January 1989, the Carlsson I cabinet warned that five Swedish foreign missions - consulates or consulate generals - would be closed down and converted into unpaid honorary consulates during the year. Among those affected was the consulate general in Minneapolis. On January 20, 1989, Director-General presented an investigation into Swedish foreign missions, proposing that the consulate general in Minneapolis be shut down and converted into an unpaid honorary consulate.
The consulate general was closed down according to a decision by the Riksdag on March 15, 1989. Primarily, the Liberal People's Party, including figures like and Ingemar Eliasson, along with the Centre Party, including individuals like Karin Söder, Pär Granstedt, and , argued in vain for the retention of the consulate in Minneapolis, which was now to be replaced by an honorary consulate.
In the motions, it was emphasized that Minnesota, especially Minneapolis, was an important state for Swedish marketing in the United States. The motioners believed that the Swedish government should reconsider the decision to close the Swedish consulate general in Minneapolis for this reason. The Committee on Foreign Affairs understood the motioners' arguments but emphasized that the closure was made for economic reasons and after weighing it against other prioritized tasks for the foreign service. The committee believed that future Swedish representation in Minneapolis, led by an honorary consul general, could continue to support Swedish activities in the United States. Therefore, the motions were rejected.
Honorary Consulate General
A Swedish honorary consulate has been established in Minneapolis since 1989. The first Swedish honorary consul was the former governor of Minnesota, Wendell R. Anderson. The honorary consulate represents the Swedish government in Minnesota, Iowa, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska, in coordination with the Swedish Embassy in Washington. The consulate's office is situated at the American Swedish Institute in Minneapolis.
In an article published in the Norwegian newspaper Aftenposten in 2007, the head of the Swedish-American Chamber of Commerce, Michael Davis, stated that when Sweden closed its consulate general in Minneapolis in 1989, Sweden as a whole suffered. With each passing year, Sweden gradually lost its connection to important institutions and companies. Most notably, they shifted their attention to Norway, leaving Sweden virtually erased from the map in comparison to Norway.
Tasks
The consulate, along with those in New York City, San Francisco, Montreal, Chicago, and Houston, belonged to the so-called heritage consulates due to the large number of inheritance cases the consulate handled. In 1934, the vice-consulate was converted into a consulate, and in 1963 into a consulate general. During the 1950s, between two and three million kronor were sent home to Sweden from Minnesota every year. This was inheritance from Swedish emigrants that was distributed to Swedish relatives remaining at home, and the amount spoke to the success that Swedish emigrants achieved despite initial difficulties. Inheritance cases were the main task for the Swedish consulate general. In the 1950s, it was reported that the number of inheritance cases decreased each year, although the amounts then remained steady. In the 1920s, the consulate handled 200 inheritance cases per year, and by the 1950s, it was down to 70–80. The reason for this was that emigration had ceased and the generation that might have eligible relatives for inheritance in Sweden began to pass away.
An honorary consulate was opened in 1989 which today provides the following services in Minneapolis: passport delivery, provisional passports for emergency travel, applications for coordination numbers or to retain Swedish citizenship, life certificates, facilitation for Swedish voters, and more.
District
The district of the consulate general, at least from 1970, included, in addition to the city of Minneapolis, the states of Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. In 1976, the district was expanded to include the states of Colorado and Wyoming. In 1983, the state of New Mexico was added from the Consulate General of Sweden, Houston, which had been closed the year before. The district remained until the closure of the consulate general in 1989. The states of Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, and Wyoming were taken over by the Consulate General of Sweden, Los Angeles, in 1990.
The Honorary Consulate General of Sweden in Minneapolis, operating since 1989, represents the Swedish government in Minnesota, Iowa, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska.
Buildings
Chancery
From 1925 to 1927, the Swedish consulate was located at the address 906–907 Andrus Building. From 1928 to 1929, the address was 122 South 6th Street in Central Minneapolis. From 1930 to 1931, the consulate was situated at 2216 Irving Avenue South in the East Isles neighborhood.
In 1932, the address was the Posten Building, 502 South 7th Street in the Elliot Park neighborhood. From 1933 to 1934, the address was 1000 West 22nd Street in the Lowry Hill East neighborhood. From 1935 to 1936, the address was 234 West Franklin Avenue in the Stevens Square neighborhood. From 1937 to 1944, the address was 1777 Colfax Avenue South in the Lowry Hill neighborhood.
In a government proposition in 1943, the purchase of a property to house the consulate and the consul's residence was proposed. The proposition highlighted that the consulate's need for adequate premises had significantly increased and that the acquisition of the properties was considered economically advantageous for the Swedish state. The proposal also emphasized the strategic importance of owning properties to strengthen Sweden's representation in the United States.
From 1945 to 1965, the address was 912 Mount Curve Avenue in the Lowry Hill neighborhood. From 1966 to 1971, the address was 1616 Cargill Building, Marquette Avenue and 7th Street in the Downtown West neighborhood. From 1971, the consulate general was located in the 730 Building, Suite 615 at the address 730 2nd Avenue South in the Downtown West neighborhood. Due to a change of name of the 730 Building, the address of the Consulate General from April 1, 1973, was 615 Peavey Building, 730 2nd Avenue South. This was the location of the consulate general until at least 1979.
From 1980 until the consulate general closed in 1989, only a postal address was provided: P.O. Box 2186, Minneapolis, Minn. 55402. Since 1989, there has been a Swedish honorary consulate in Minneapolis located at the American Swedish Institute at 2600 Park Avenue in the Phillips West neighborhood of Minneapolis.
Residence
During the time the consulate chancery was located at 1777 Colfax Avenue South in the Lowry Hill neighborhood between 1937 and 1944, it also served as the home of the consul and his wife. The same applied after the consulate moved to 912 Mount Curve Avenue in Lowry Hill in 1945. The residence remained in the same building at least until 1968.
Heads of Mission
See also
Consulate General of Sweden, Chicago
Consulate General of Sweden, Houston
Consulate General of Sweden, New York City
Consulate General of Sweden, Los Angeles
Consulate General of Sweden, San Francisco
Footnotes
References
External links
for the Honorary Consulate of Sweden, Minneapolis
Minneapolis
Diplomatic missions in the United States
Sweden–United States relations
Buildings and structures in Minneapolis
1934 establishments in Minnesota
1989 disestablishments in Minnesota | Consulate General of Sweden, Minneapolis [SEP] The Consulate General of Sweden, Minneapolis was the diplomatic mission of Sweden in Minneapolis between 1963 and 1989. The consulate originated from the honorary vice consulate opened in 1908, which was converted into a consulate in 1934 and into a consulate general in 1963. Along with those in New York City, San Francisco, Montreal, Chicago, and Houston, the consulate belonged to the so-called "heritage consulates" due to the large number of inheritance cases it handled.
The consulate's jurisdiction included not only the city of Minneapolis but also the states of Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin, and later also the states of Colorado, Wyoming, and New Mexico. The consulate closed in 1989, and from the same year, a Swedish honorary consulate general operates in Minneapolis with an unpaid honorary consul general as its head. Since 2003, the honorary consul general has also served as the CEO and president of the American Swedish Institute.
History
1908–1989
The Consulate General in Minneapolis originated from the honorary vice consulate established on August 28, 1908, with a district covering the states of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Colorado, Wyoming, and the New Mexico Territory. By decision on December 1, 1911, the consul received an office allocation of SEK 4,000. In 1934, the vice consulate was converted into a consulate, and in 1963, into a consulate general. The consulate chancery was located in several places in Minneapolis during its existence but for the longest period, over 20 years, in a villa in Lowry Hill where the chief residence was also located. In 1966, the chancery moved to an office building in Central Minneapolis. Throughout the years, inheritance matters primarily occupied the consulate's activities among Swedish Americans active in the Midwest, especially in states like Minnesota, Illinois, and Wisconsin. Inheritance matters decreased every year after Swedish emigration to the United States ceased.
Closure
In early January 1989, the Carlsson I cabinet warned that five Swedish foreign missions - consulates or consulate generals - would be closed down and converted into unpaid honorary consulates during the year. Among those affected was the consulate general in Minneapolis. On January 20, 1989, Director-General presented an investigation into Swedish foreign missions, proposing that the consulate general in Minneapolis be shut down and converted into an unpaid honorary consulate.
The consulate general was closed down according to a decision by the Riksdag on March 15, 1989. Primarily, the Liberal People's Party, including figures like and Ingemar Eliasson, along with the Centre Party, including individuals like Karin Söder, Pär Granstedt, and , argued in vain for the retention of the consulate in Minneapolis, which was now to be replaced by an honorary consulate.
In the motions, it was emphasized that Minnesota, especially Minneapolis, was an important state for Swedish marketing in the United States. The motioners believed that the Swedish government should reconsider the decision to close the Swedish consulate general in Minneapolis for this reason. The Committee on Foreign Affairs understood the motioners' arguments but emphasized that the closure was made for economic reasons and after weighing it against other prioritized tasks for the foreign service. The committee believed that future Swedish representation in Minneapolis, led by an honorary consul general, could continue to support Swedish activities in the United States. Therefore, the motions were rejected.
Honorary Consulate General
A Swedish honorary consulate has been established in Minneapolis since 1989. The first Swedish honorary consul was the former governor of Minnesota, Wendell R. Anderson. The honorary consulate represents the Swedish government in Minnesota, Iowa, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska, in coordination with the Swedish Embassy in Washington. The consulate's office is situated at the American Swedish Institute in Minneapolis.
In an article published in the Norwegian newspaper Aftenposten in 2007, the head of the Swedish-American Chamber of Commerce, Michael Davis, stated that when Sweden closed its consulate general in Minneapolis in 1989, Sweden as a whole suffered. With each passing year, Sweden gradually lost its connection to important institutions and companies. Most notably, they shifted their attention to Norway, leaving Sweden virtually erased from the map in comparison to Norway.
Tasks
The consulate, along with those in New York City, San Francisco, Montreal, Chicago, and Houston, belonged to the so-called heritage consulates due to the large number of inheritance cases the consulate handled. In 1934, the vice-consulate was converted into a consulate, and in 1963 into a consulate general. During the 1950s, between two and three million kronor were sent home to Sweden from Minnesota every year. This was inheritance from Swedish emigrants that was distributed to Swedish relatives remaining at home, and the amount spoke to the success that Swedish emigrants achieved despite initial difficulties. Inheritance cases were the main task for the Swedish consulate general. In the 1950s, it was reported that the number of inheritance cases decreased each year, although the amounts then remained steady. In the 1920s, the consulate handled 200 inheritance cases per year, and by the 1950s, it was down to 70–80. The reason for this was that emigration had ceased and the generation that might have eligible relatives for inheritance in Sweden began to pass away.
An honorary consulate was opened in 1989 which today provides the following services in Minneapolis: passport delivery, provisional passports for emergency travel, applications for coordination numbers or to retain Swedish citizenship, life certificates, facilitation for Swedish voters, and more.
District
The district of the consulate general, at least from 1970, included, in addition to the city of Minneapolis, the states of Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. In 1976, the district was expanded to include the states of Colorado and Wyoming. In 1983, the state of New Mexico was added from the Consulate General of Sweden, Houston, which had been closed the year before. The district remained until the closure of the consulate general in 1989. The states of Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, and Wyoming were taken over by the Consulate General of Sweden, Los Angeles, in 1990.
The Honorary Consulate General of Sweden in Minneapolis, operating since 1989, represents the Swedish government in Minnesota, Iowa, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska.
Buildings
Chancery
From 1925 to 1927, the Swedish consulate was located at the address 906–907 Andrus Building. From 1928 to 1929, the address was 122 South 6th Street in Central Minneapolis. From 1930 to 1931, the consulate was situated at 2216 Irving Avenue South in the East Isles neighborhood.
In 1932, the address was the Posten Building, 502 South 7th Street in the Elliot Park neighborhood. From 1933 to 1934, the address was 1000 West 22nd Street in the Lowry Hill East neighborhood. From 1935 to 1936, the address was 234 West Franklin Avenue in the Stevens Square neighborhood. From 1937 to 1944, the address was 1777 Colfax Avenue South in the Lowry Hill neighborhood.
In a government proposition in 1943, the purchase of a property to house the consulate and the consul's residence was proposed. The proposition highlighted that the consulate's need for adequate premises had significantly increased and that the acquisition of the properties was considered economically advantageous for the Swedish state. The proposal also emphasized the strategic importance of owning properties to strengthen Sweden's representation in the United States.
From 1945 to 1965, the address was 912 Mount Curve Avenue in the Lowry Hill neighborhood. From 1966 to 1971, the address was 1616 Cargill Building, Marquette Avenue and 7th Street in the Downtown West neighborhood. From 1971, the consulate general was located in the 730 Building, Suite 615 at the address 730 2nd Avenue South in the Downtown West neighborhood. Due to a change of name of the 730 Building, the address of the Consulate General from April 1, 1973, was 615 Peavey Building, 730 2nd Avenue South. This was the location of the consulate general until at least 1979.
From 1980 until the consulate general closed in 1989, only a postal address was provided: P.O. Box 2186, Minneapolis, Minn. 55402. Since 1989, there has been a Swedish honorary consulate in Minneapolis located at the American Swedish Institute at 2600 Park Avenue in the Phillips West neighborhood of Minneapolis.
Residence
During the time the consulate chancery was located at 1777 Colfax Avenue South in the Lowry Hill neighborhood between 1937 and 1944, it also served as the home of the consul and his wife. The same applied after the consulate moved to 912 Mount Curve Avenue in Lowry Hill in 1945. The residence remained in the same building at least until 1968.
Heads of Mission
See also
Consulate General of Sweden, Chicago
Consulate General of Sweden, Houston
Consulate General of Sweden, New York City
Consulate General of Sweden, Los Angeles
Consulate General of Sweden, San Francisco
Footnotes
References
External links
for the Honorary Consulate of Sweden, Minneapolis
Minneapolis
Diplomatic missions in the United States
Sweden–United States relations
Buildings and structures in Minneapolis
1934 establishments in Minnesota
1989 disestablishments in Minnesota |
75975585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindsey%20Anderson%20Beer | Lindsey Anderson Beer | Lindsey Anderson Beer is an American filmmaker. She made her feature directorial debut with Pet Sematary: Bloodlines (2023). She also wrote the 2018 Netflix film Sierra Burgess Is a Loser and worked on The Magic Order, as well as Chaos Walking.
In 2018, Anderson Beer has founded a production company, called Known Universe, together with Geneva Robertson-Dworet and Nicole Perlman. Known Universe has so far announced that it is going to help produce the new adaptation of William Golding's Lord of the Flies. It will also executive produce a Hello Kitty animation/live-action hybrid movie.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
Living people
American women film directors
Film directors from Utah
Year of birth missing (living people) | Lindsey Anderson Beer [SEP] Lindsey Anderson Beer is an American filmmaker. She made her feature directorial debut with Pet Sematary: Bloodlines (2023). She also wrote the 2018 Netflix film Sierra Burgess Is a Loser and worked on The Magic Order, as well as Chaos Walking.
In 2018, Anderson Beer has founded a production company, called Known Universe, together with Geneva Robertson-Dworet and Nicole Perlman. Known Universe has so far announced that it is going to help produce the new adaptation of William Golding's Lord of the Flies. It will also executive produce a Hello Kitty animation/live-action hybrid movie.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
Living people
American women film directors
Film directors from Utah
Year of birth missing (living people) |
75975596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eoscarta | Eoscarta | Eoscarta is a genus of froghopper (Cercopidae) with about 50 species distributed in the Oriental region. Species in the genus are identified by a combination of characters that include an elongated pubescent body, highly laterally compressed postclypeus, the hind tibia with a single lateral spur and genital characters of the males.
The genus has been treated widely differently by different workers and is closely related to several other genera like Euryaulax. Species that have been placed in the genus include:
Eoscarta apicata
Eoscarta assimilis
Eoscarta atricapilla
Eoscarta aurora
Eoscarta binotata
Eoscarta borealis
Eoscarta carnifex
Eoscarta colona
Eoscarta deprivata
Eoscarta elongata
Eoscarta eos
Eoscarta ferruginea
Eoscarta fuscata
Eoscarta illuminata
Eoscarta inclyta
Eoscarta jugalis
Eoscarta karschi
Eoscarta limbipennis
Eoscarta liternoides
Eoscarta lombokensis
Eoscarta lumuensis
Eoscarta marginiceps
Eoscarta monticola
Eoscarta nilgiriensis
Eoscarta nobilis
Eoscarta ochraceous
Eoscarta parva
Eoscarta philippinica
Eoscarta rana
Eoscarta seimundi
Eoscarta spenceri
Eoscarta subdolens
Eoscarta tonkinensis
Eoscarta zonalis
References
Auchenorrhyncha genera
Cercopidae | Eoscarta [SEP] Eoscarta is a genus of froghopper (Cercopidae) with about 50 species distributed in the Oriental region. Species in the genus are identified by a combination of characters that include an elongated pubescent body, highly laterally compressed postclypeus, the hind tibia with a single lateral spur and genital characters of the males.
The genus has been treated widely differently by different workers and is closely related to several other genera like Euryaulax. Species that have been placed in the genus include:
Eoscarta apicata
Eoscarta assimilis
Eoscarta atricapilla
Eoscarta aurora
Eoscarta binotata
Eoscarta borealis
Eoscarta carnifex
Eoscarta colona
Eoscarta deprivata
Eoscarta elongata
Eoscarta eos
Eoscarta ferruginea
Eoscarta fuscata
Eoscarta illuminata
Eoscarta inclyta
Eoscarta jugalis
Eoscarta karschi
Eoscarta limbipennis
Eoscarta liternoides
Eoscarta lombokensis
Eoscarta lumuensis
Eoscarta marginiceps
Eoscarta monticola
Eoscarta nilgiriensis
Eoscarta nobilis
Eoscarta ochraceous
Eoscarta parva
Eoscarta philippinica
Eoscarta rana
Eoscarta seimundi
Eoscarta spenceri
Eoscarta subdolens
Eoscarta tonkinensis
Eoscarta zonalis
References
Auchenorrhyncha genera
Cercopidae |
75975620 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grant%20Newsome | Grant Newsome | Grant Newsome (born March 2, 1997) is an American football coach, currently the offensive line coach at the University of Michigan.
Playing career
Coming out of high school, Newsome was rated as a four-star recruit where he decided to commit to play college football for the Michigan Wolverines over Penn State. Newsome made his debut on October 31, 2015, against Minnesota. Newsome played two seasons with Michigan in 2015 and 2016 but during the 2016 season versus Wisconsin, Newsome suffered a career-ending injury where he dislocated his right knee, fractured his tibia, tore three ligaments, damaged three nerves and destroyed his popliteal artery, causing him to never play again and medically retire in 2018. Before the injury, Newsome started the Wolverines first five games of the 2016 season.
Coaching career
During the 2018 and 2019 seasons, Newsome served as a student assistant for Michigan. In 2020, Newsome transitioned to a graduate assistant role. In 2022, head coach Jim Harbaugh promoted Newsome to coaching the Wolverines tight ends. In 2023 Newsome helped lead the Wolverines to a national championship. In 2024, new head coach Sherrone Moore promoted Newsome again, this time to coach the Michigan offensive line.
References
External links
Michigan Wolverines player bio
Michigan Wolverines coaching profile
1997 births
Living people
People from McLean, Virginia
Players of American football from Fairfax County, Virginia
American football offensive tackles
Lawrenceville School alumni
Michigan Wolverines football players
Coaches of American football from Virginia
Michigan Wolverines football coaches | Grant Newsome [SEP] Grant Newsome (born March 2, 1997) is an American football coach, currently the offensive line coach at the University of Michigan.
Playing career
Coming out of high school, Newsome was rated as a four-star recruit where he decided to commit to play college football for the Michigan Wolverines over Penn State. Newsome made his debut on October 31, 2015, against Minnesota. Newsome played two seasons with Michigan in 2015 and 2016 but during the 2016 season versus Wisconsin, Newsome suffered a career-ending injury where he dislocated his right knee, fractured his tibia, tore three ligaments, damaged three nerves and destroyed his popliteal artery, causing him to never play again and medically retire in 2018. Before the injury, Newsome started the Wolverines first five games of the 2016 season.
Coaching career
During the 2018 and 2019 seasons, Newsome served as a student assistant for Michigan. In 2020, Newsome transitioned to a graduate assistant role. In 2022, head coach Jim Harbaugh promoted Newsome to coaching the Wolverines tight ends. In 2023 Newsome helped lead the Wolverines to a national championship. In 2024, new head coach Sherrone Moore promoted Newsome again, this time to coach the Michigan offensive line.
References
External links
Michigan Wolverines player bio
Michigan Wolverines coaching profile
1997 births
Living people
People from McLean, Virginia
Players of American football from Fairfax County, Virginia
American football offensive tackles
Lawrenceville School alumni
Michigan Wolverines football players
Coaches of American football from Virginia
Michigan Wolverines football coaches |
75975634 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvania%20napoleoni | Alvania napoleoni | Alvania napoleoni is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
napoleoni
Gastropods described in 2018 | Alvania napoleoni [SEP] Alvania napoleoni is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
napoleoni
Gastropods described in 2018 |
75975639 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel%20Latif%20Fathy | Abdel Latif Fathy | Abdel Latif Fathi (Arabic: ) was a Syrian actor who was a well-known figure in Syrian cinema from the late 1950s to the early 1980s.
Early life
Born in Sarouja, Damascus, in 1916, he hailed from a prosperous Damascene family. The son of Ottoman officer Muhammad Ali and stay-at-home mom Fawzia Farwat, his early life was shaped by privilege and family ties. These roots laid the groundwork for his later achievements in the realm of Syrian cinema.
Career
He studied at the prestigious Maktab Anbar. In 1927, he joined the theater group of Abd al-Wahab Abu Saud, a leading actor in Syria at the time, and commenced his exploration of acting.
Fathi's formative years in the 1930s were profoundly shaped by his mentor Abu Saud. In 1935, he joined an Egyptian theatrical group touring Syria, specializing in musical productions, where he honed his skills in directing and musical performances. Subsequently, in 1936, Fathi co-founded the Music Hall Group with poet Abd al-Ghani Sheikh. Over the years, Fathi's artistic endeavors continued to flourish as he contributed to various theatrical groups, such as the Amin Atallah Group and the Ali al-Ariss Group, further solidifying his expertise in both directing and musical composition.
In 1946, Fathi established his own theater troupe, the Abd al-Latif Fathi Group, which featured prominent actors and actresses of the time, including Ahmad Ayyub and Saad al-Din Baqdunes. The group initially drew inspiration from Egyptian theater, performing one-act plays in the Egyptian dialect. However, in 1948, Fathi made a significant shift, discarding the Egyptian accent in favor of the traditional Damascene dialect, aligning with his belief that Syrians should speak in their native language.
This strategic move proved highly successful, catapulting Fathi and his group to fame in Syria. The Abd al-Latif Fathi Group toured extensively, performing not only in urban centers but also in rural villages where Fathi received payment in the form of gifts from the populace.
In 1956, Fathi founded "Al-Masrah al-Hurr" (The Free Theater) with a group of Syrian actors. In 1960, inspired by the National Theater in Egypt, he co-founded the National Theater in Syria. Fathi continued to evolve as an artist, transitioning from short, one-act plays to longer, more sophisticated productions aimed at a discerning audience.
In 1965, Fathi assumed the role of director at the People's Theater in Damascus, solidifying his influence in the Syrian theatrical scene.
Fathi's television career soared with the 1972 series "Sah al-Nom," co-starring with Duraid Lahham and Nehad Qalei. In December 1976, he staged William Shakespeare's King Lear, earning the Medal of Honor of the Syrian Republic, Excellence Class, from President Hafez al-Assad.
Personal life
He married Inayat Al-Zirkli and was a father to four children.
Death
He passed away on March 7, 1986, at the age of 70. He received five honors during his illustrious artistic career, notably being awarded the Order of Merit, first class, by the founding leader Hafez al-Assad in 1976. President Bashar al-Assad also honored him with the Order of Merit, first class, in 2008.
Filmography
A Date with Hope (1958)
The Truck Driver (1966)
Ghawar's Pranks (1967)
The 6 O'Clock Operation (1970)
Wake Up S1 (1972)
The World in 2000 (1972)
The Cupboard (1972)
Salt and Sugar 91973)
Wake Up S2 (1973)
Special Romances (1974)
Karakouz Tent (1974)
The Zabaa's Revenge (1974)
Confused Woman (1974)
The Shame (1974)
When The Wives Are Absent (1975)
Wake Up (1975)
My Love Is Very Crazy (1975)
The Sinners (1975)
The Miser (1975)
I'll Die Twice and Love You (1976)
Love and Winter (1977)
The Widow and the Million (1980)
References
External links
1916 births
1986 deaths
20th-century Syrian male actors
Entertainers from Damascus
Syrian film actors | Abdel Latif Fathy [SEP] Abdel Latif Fathi (Arabic: ) was a Syrian actor who was a well-known figure in Syrian cinema from the late 1950s to the early 1980s.
Early life
Born in Sarouja, Damascus, in 1916, he hailed from a prosperous Damascene family. The son of Ottoman officer Muhammad Ali and stay-at-home mom Fawzia Farwat, his early life was shaped by privilege and family ties. These roots laid the groundwork for his later achievements in the realm of Syrian cinema.
Career
He studied at the prestigious Maktab Anbar. In 1927, he joined the theater group of Abd al-Wahab Abu Saud, a leading actor in Syria at the time, and commenced his exploration of acting.
Fathi's formative years in the 1930s were profoundly shaped by his mentor Abu Saud. In 1935, he joined an Egyptian theatrical group touring Syria, specializing in musical productions, where he honed his skills in directing and musical performances. Subsequently, in 1936, Fathi co-founded the Music Hall Group with poet Abd al-Ghani Sheikh. Over the years, Fathi's artistic endeavors continued to flourish as he contributed to various theatrical groups, such as the Amin Atallah Group and the Ali al-Ariss Group, further solidifying his expertise in both directing and musical composition.
In 1946, Fathi established his own theater troupe, the Abd al-Latif Fathi Group, which featured prominent actors and actresses of the time, including Ahmad Ayyub and Saad al-Din Baqdunes. The group initially drew inspiration from Egyptian theater, performing one-act plays in the Egyptian dialect. However, in 1948, Fathi made a significant shift, discarding the Egyptian accent in favor of the traditional Damascene dialect, aligning with his belief that Syrians should speak in their native language.
This strategic move proved highly successful, catapulting Fathi and his group to fame in Syria. The Abd al-Latif Fathi Group toured extensively, performing not only in urban centers but also in rural villages where Fathi received payment in the form of gifts from the populace.
In 1956, Fathi founded "Al-Masrah al-Hurr" (The Free Theater) with a group of Syrian actors. In 1960, inspired by the National Theater in Egypt, he co-founded the National Theater in Syria. Fathi continued to evolve as an artist, transitioning from short, one-act plays to longer, more sophisticated productions aimed at a discerning audience.
In 1965, Fathi assumed the role of director at the People's Theater in Damascus, solidifying his influence in the Syrian theatrical scene.
Fathi's television career soared with the 1972 series "Sah al-Nom," co-starring with Duraid Lahham and Nehad Qalei. In December 1976, he staged William Shakespeare's King Lear, earning the Medal of Honor of the Syrian Republic, Excellence Class, from President Hafez al-Assad.
Personal life
He married Inayat Al-Zirkli and was a father to four children.
Death
He passed away on March 7, 1986, at the age of 70. He received five honors during his illustrious artistic career, notably being awarded the Order of Merit, first class, by the founding leader Hafez al-Assad in 1976. President Bashar al-Assad also honored him with the Order of Merit, first class, in 2008.
Filmography
A Date with Hope (1958)
The Truck Driver (1966)
Ghawar's Pranks (1967)
The 6 O'Clock Operation (1970)
Wake Up S1 (1972)
The World in 2000 (1972)
The Cupboard (1972)
Salt and Sugar 91973)
Wake Up S2 (1973)
Special Romances (1974)
Karakouz Tent (1974)
The Zabaa's Revenge (1974)
Confused Woman (1974)
The Shame (1974)
When The Wives Are Absent (1975)
Wake Up (1975)
My Love Is Very Crazy (1975)
The Sinners (1975)
The Miser (1975)
I'll Die Twice and Love You (1976)
Love and Winter (1977)
The Widow and the Million (1980)
References
External links
1916 births
1986 deaths
20th-century Syrian male actors
Entertainers from Damascus
Syrian film actors |
75975658 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvania%20parasusieae | Alvania parasusieae | Alvania parasusieae is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
parasusieae
Gastropods described in 2018 | Alvania parasusieae [SEP] Alvania parasusieae is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
parasusieae
Gastropods described in 2018 |
75975659 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontonniers%20International%20High%20School | Pontonniers International High School | The Lycée International des Pontonniers () is a French high school in Strasbourg, in the Bas-Rhin department of France. It is situated in the city's center, near the Strasbourg Cathedral.
The school admits students ranging from the 10th to the 12th grade, and is renowned for its scores in the Baccalauréat, the final exams taken to receive the high school diploma.
Pontonniers has a specific system that sets it apart from the other schools: the international sections. These were implemented to honor the European affinity of Strasbourg in a cultural and economic context. They also open doors to students as they might allow them to pursue a career in the many multinational corporations at work in that region. As of today, there are seven sections: English, German, Spanish, Italian, polish, Russian and most recently, Portuguese.
Another unique aspect of the school is its building, built in 1902 by architect Johann Karl Ott. He chose to design it in a historicist style, taking inspiration from Germanic architecture of the 15th and 16th centuries.
History and construction
Before the construction of the school, the grounds on which it was built served many purposes, mainly as a place for military barracks used by the French when they arrived in Strasbourg in 1681. Most famously, it housed the pontonnier regiment of general Eblé in 1789 during the revolution.
Founded in 1815 in Strasbourg, the Ecole supérieure de jeunes filles (Graduate school for young women) was a small building in the Andlau sector. Its goal was to give young girls and women a modern education, including a good knowledge of German and French.
After the fall of the First French Empire, the grounds were deserted and stayed that way for a long time. In 1871 when the Germans decided to make Strasbourg the capital of the Alsace–Lorraine region, they wished to instill a new educational system, in which they believed young francophone girls should be taught by nuns. Around that same time, the Ecole supérieure de jeunes filles became much too small for its students, making finding a new building a necessity.
Settling on the deserted barrack grounds for its low price and good location, construction of the school in its present form started, and was completed just in time for the beginning of term in 1902. It was called Höhere Mädchenschule until 1918 when it became Lycée de jeunes filles. It only became the Lycée international des Pontonniers (Pontonniers international high school) in 1975, having opened their doors to male students in 1973 with the temporary name Lycée classique et moderne d’Etat Mixte.
Description of the school
The old part of the school is composed of three separate buildings. The first one is L-shaped and is closest to the Ill river. It faces a house called the Katzeroller, which serves as an accommodation to the principal of the school. Right next to it, another house is also made available for the vice-principal.
Right by the professor's entrance which was previously decorated with two owl statues (the mascots of the school), as well as the emblems of the city and the regions of Alsace and Lorraine, the principal's house is adorned with two sculpted medallions, which represent Fröbel and Pestalozzi, two Germanic educators of the 17th century.
The teacher's entrance leads through the concierge's antechamber, which students must report to in case of tardiness. The room is decorated with stained glass panels, typical for the Alsaciatian region.
As for the interior, each floor has a different paneling with either an eagle, a lion or a fish on the tiles. The hallways are richly decorated, a crest above each door indicating which purpose said room served (an instrument for a music classroom, for example).
The main building has two staircases. back in the day, one was exclusively used by teachers and the other by students. The teacher staircase is sculpted out of stone, while the student staircase is made of metal, shaped into intricate designs. Today though, anyone may access the upper floors through whichever staircase they wish.
The teachers lounge and one of the libraries can be found on the first floor, along with many classrooms, usually used for language courses. One architectural specialty of the teachers lounge are the oriel windows, with a view on Pontonnier street. The first floor library was decorated in a neo gothic style and is nowadays rarely used by students. It rather serves as a storage room for old keepsakes, such as maps from the 1900s or old valuable books.
The second floor also houses many classrooms as well as the principal's office and an old clock built by the Ungerer company, who were also in charge of the astronomical clock in the cathedral of strasbourg. The clock has been considered a historical monument (monument historique) since 13 November 2003.
The entire school has been considered a historical monument since 5 April 2002 and thus benefits from the national heritage protection.
When the school was built, the third and final floor was one big space serving as a music room. Nowadays it houses multiple classrooms, usually used for science oriented classes.
Foreign students
The school facilitates the admittance of foreign students with its module for people with no knowledge of French, as well as the seconde FLE (seconde is the equivalent of 10th grade, class for French as a Foreign Language). FLE is for students who have some French skills and gives them an aid while still allowing them to follow a classical 10th grade curriculum.
The international sections
The school has a total of seven “national” sections. The biggest ones being the English section, along with the German and Russian ones. The Spanish, Italian, Polish and Portuguese sections, while smaller, prepare their students for equivalents of their countries high school graduation exams.
The different sections are:
the Anglophone section
the German section (Abibac module has been moved to the Lycée Fustel de Coulanges (since September 2019) and OIB)
the Italian section
the Spanish section
the Polish section
the Russian section
the Portuguese section, since September 2023
International exams
International Schools offer traditional French exams to all of their students. For those who may want to better their linguistic skills, a series of either French or foreign exams( that are recognized in France as well as the country whose language is chosen) are also offered.
Thus, students in international sections often pass their international Brevet (equivalent to GCSE) and then, if they wish to, they may pass the Baccalauréat exams with an international option (called OIB) as well. The syllabus contains all the same courses as the regular French one, but with added classes on literature and history of the sections’ respective countries.
References
Secondary schools in France
Schools in Strasbourg
1815 establishments in France | Pontonniers International High School [SEP] The Lycée International des Pontonniers () is a French high school in Strasbourg, in the Bas-Rhin department of France. It is situated in the city's center, near the Strasbourg Cathedral.
The school admits students ranging from the 10th to the 12th grade, and is renowned for its scores in the Baccalauréat, the final exams taken to receive the high school diploma.
Pontonniers has a specific system that sets it apart from the other schools: the international sections. These were implemented to honor the European affinity of Strasbourg in a cultural and economic context. They also open doors to students as they might allow them to pursue a career in the many multinational corporations at work in that region. As of today, there are seven sections: English, German, Spanish, Italian, polish, Russian and most recently, Portuguese.
Another unique aspect of the school is its building, built in 1902 by architect Johann Karl Ott. He chose to design it in a historicist style, taking inspiration from Germanic architecture of the 15th and 16th centuries.
History and construction
Before the construction of the school, the grounds on which it was built served many purposes, mainly as a place for military barracks used by the French when they arrived in Strasbourg in 1681. Most famously, it housed the pontonnier regiment of general Eblé in 1789 during the revolution.
Founded in 1815 in Strasbourg, the Ecole supérieure de jeunes filles (Graduate school for young women) was a small building in the Andlau sector. Its goal was to give young girls and women a modern education, including a good knowledge of German and French.
After the fall of the First French Empire, the grounds were deserted and stayed that way for a long time. In 1871 when the Germans decided to make Strasbourg the capital of the Alsace–Lorraine region, they wished to instill a new educational system, in which they believed young francophone girls should be taught by nuns. Around that same time, the Ecole supérieure de jeunes filles became much too small for its students, making finding a new building a necessity.
Settling on the deserted barrack grounds for its low price and good location, construction of the school in its present form started, and was completed just in time for the beginning of term in 1902. It was called Höhere Mädchenschule until 1918 when it became Lycée de jeunes filles. It only became the Lycée international des Pontonniers (Pontonniers international high school) in 1975, having opened their doors to male students in 1973 with the temporary name Lycée classique et moderne d’Etat Mixte.
Description of the school
The old part of the school is composed of three separate buildings. The first one is L-shaped and is closest to the Ill river. It faces a house called the Katzeroller, which serves as an accommodation to the principal of the school. Right next to it, another house is also made available for the vice-principal.
Right by the professor's entrance which was previously decorated with two owl statues (the mascots of the school), as well as the emblems of the city and the regions of Alsace and Lorraine, the principal's house is adorned with two sculpted medallions, which represent Fröbel and Pestalozzi, two Germanic educators of the 17th century.
The teacher's entrance leads through the concierge's antechamber, which students must report to in case of tardiness. The room is decorated with stained glass panels, typical for the Alsaciatian region.
As for the interior, each floor has a different paneling with either an eagle, a lion or a fish on the tiles. The hallways are richly decorated, a crest above each door indicating which purpose said room served (an instrument for a music classroom, for example).
The main building has two staircases. back in the day, one was exclusively used by teachers and the other by students. The teacher staircase is sculpted out of stone, while the student staircase is made of metal, shaped into intricate designs. Today though, anyone may access the upper floors through whichever staircase they wish.
The teachers lounge and one of the libraries can be found on the first floor, along with many classrooms, usually used for language courses. One architectural specialty of the teachers lounge are the oriel windows, with a view on Pontonnier street. The first floor library was decorated in a neo gothic style and is nowadays rarely used by students. It rather serves as a storage room for old keepsakes, such as maps from the 1900s or old valuable books.
The second floor also houses many classrooms as well as the principal's office and an old clock built by the Ungerer company, who were also in charge of the astronomical clock in the cathedral of strasbourg. The clock has been considered a historical monument (monument historique) since 13 November 2003.
The entire school has been considered a historical monument since 5 April 2002 and thus benefits from the national heritage protection.
When the school was built, the third and final floor was one big space serving as a music room. Nowadays it houses multiple classrooms, usually used for science oriented classes.
Foreign students
The school facilitates the admittance of foreign students with its module for people with no knowledge of French, as well as the seconde FLE (seconde is the equivalent of 10th grade, class for French as a Foreign Language). FLE is for students who have some French skills and gives them an aid while still allowing them to follow a classical 10th grade curriculum.
The international sections
The school has a total of seven “national” sections. The biggest ones being the English section, along with the German and Russian ones. The Spanish, Italian, Polish and Portuguese sections, while smaller, prepare their students for equivalents of their countries high school graduation exams.
The different sections are:
the Anglophone section
the German section (Abibac module has been moved to the Lycée Fustel de Coulanges (since September 2019) and OIB)
the Italian section
the Spanish section
the Polish section
the Russian section
the Portuguese section, since September 2023
International exams
International Schools offer traditional French exams to all of their students. For those who may want to better their linguistic skills, a series of either French or foreign exams( that are recognized in France as well as the country whose language is chosen) are also offered.
Thus, students in international sections often pass their international Brevet (equivalent to GCSE) and then, if they wish to, they may pass the Baccalauréat exams with an international option (called OIB) as well. The syllabus contains all the same courses as the regular French one, but with added classes on literature and history of the sections’ respective countries.
References
Secondary schools in France
Schools in Strasbourg
1815 establishments in France |
75975678 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvania%20redoniana | Alvania redoniana | Alvania redoniana is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
redoniana
Gastropods described in 2018 | Alvania redoniana [SEP] Alvania redoniana is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
redoniana
Gastropods described in 2018 |
75975703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvania%20renauleauensis | Alvania renauleauensis | Alvania renauleauensis is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
renauleauensis
Gastropods described in 2018 | Alvania renauleauensis [SEP] Alvania renauleauensis is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
renauleauensis
Gastropods described in 2018 |
75975720 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvania%20subtiliangulosa | Alvania subtiliangulosa | Alvania subtiliangulosa is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
subtiliangulosa
Gastropods described in 2018 | Alvania subtiliangulosa [SEP] Alvania subtiliangulosa is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
subtiliangulosa
Gastropods described in 2018 |
75975753 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvania%20susieae | Alvania susieae | Alvania susieae is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
susieae
Gastropods described in 2018 | Alvania susieae [SEP] Alvania susieae is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
susieae
Gastropods described in 2018 |
75975789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvania%20tenuisculpturata | Alvania tenuisculpturata | Alvania tenuisculpturata is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
tenuisculpturata
Gastropods described in 2018 | Alvania tenuisculpturata [SEP] Alvania tenuisculpturata is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
tenuisculpturata
Gastropods described in 2018 |
75975803 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussian%20Revolutionary%20cabinet | Prussian Revolutionary cabinet | The Prussian Revolutionary Cabinet was the provisional state government of Prussia from November 14, 1918 to March 25, 1919. It was based on a coalition of Majority Social Democrats (MSPD) and Independent Social Democrats (USPD), as was the Council of the People's Deputies, which was formed at the Reich level. The Prussian cabinet was revolutionary because it was not formed on the basis of the previous Prussian constitution of 1848/1850.
The cabinet under Paul Hirsch from the MSPD existed from November 12, 1918 to March 25, 1919. One MSPD and one USPD man were assigned to each department. The USPD members left the cabinet on January 4, 1919. It was finally replaced by a new cabinet after a Prussian State Assembly was elected.
History
The Kingdom of Prussia was, by far, the most important member state in the monarchical federal state and remained so even after the German Revolution of 1918–1919. Prussia and the German Empire were linked to each other in many ways: the German Chancellor was also the Prussian Prime Minister, and many state secretaries were Prussian ministers. Prussia was the dominant power in the German Bundesrat, which benefited the German Chancellor.
On November 9, 1918, the last Imperial Chancellor, Max von Baden, announced prematurely that Kaiser and King William II had abdicated. Max, unconstitutionally, transferred the office of German Chancellor to Friedrich Ebert, the leader of the German Majority Social Democrats. On November 10, Ebert formed the Council of the People's Deputies () as a revolutionary transitional body at the Federal level and became one of two chairmen of the council.
As Max von Baden was not Prussian Prime Minister, he was unable to give Ebert the premiership at the same time. The majority of the Prussian State Ministry wanted to resign on November 8th, but after the King's abdication was declared the next day, he could no longer accept their resignations. The Prussian cabinet, therefore, remained in office, similar to the state secretaries at the Federal level.
On November 9th, Reich Chancellor Ebert instructed the Prussian leader of the MSPD Paul Hirsch to ensure peace and order. The Prussian Interior Minister Bill Drews confirmed this instruction with his own power of attorney to Hirsch. According to Ernst Rudolf Huber, Hirsch briefly became "Federal and Prussian State Commissioner".
Cabinet members
|}
See also
Prussian State Ministry
Notes
References
Prussian Revolutionary Cabinet
Government ministers of Prussia
Prussian Revolutionary Cabinet | Prussian Revolutionary cabinet [SEP] The Prussian Revolutionary Cabinet was the provisional state government of Prussia from November 14, 1918 to March 25, 1919. It was based on a coalition of Majority Social Democrats (MSPD) and Independent Social Democrats (USPD), as was the Council of the People's Deputies, which was formed at the Reich level. The Prussian cabinet was revolutionary because it was not formed on the basis of the previous Prussian constitution of 1848/1850.
The cabinet under Paul Hirsch from the MSPD existed from November 12, 1918 to March 25, 1919. One MSPD and one USPD man were assigned to each department. The USPD members left the cabinet on January 4, 1919. It was finally replaced by a new cabinet after a Prussian State Assembly was elected.
History
The Kingdom of Prussia was, by far, the most important member state in the monarchical federal state and remained so even after the German Revolution of 1918–1919. Prussia and the German Empire were linked to each other in many ways: the German Chancellor was also the Prussian Prime Minister, and many state secretaries were Prussian ministers. Prussia was the dominant power in the German Bundesrat, which benefited the German Chancellor.
On November 9, 1918, the last Imperial Chancellor, Max von Baden, announced prematurely that Kaiser and King William II had abdicated. Max, unconstitutionally, transferred the office of German Chancellor to Friedrich Ebert, the leader of the German Majority Social Democrats. On November 10, Ebert formed the Council of the People's Deputies () as a revolutionary transitional body at the Federal level and became one of two chairmen of the council.
As Max von Baden was not Prussian Prime Minister, he was unable to give Ebert the premiership at the same time. The majority of the Prussian State Ministry wanted to resign on November 8th, but after the King's abdication was declared the next day, he could no longer accept their resignations. The Prussian cabinet, therefore, remained in office, similar to the state secretaries at the Federal level.
On November 9th, Reich Chancellor Ebert instructed the Prussian leader of the MSPD Paul Hirsch to ensure peace and order. The Prussian Interior Minister Bill Drews confirmed this instruction with his own power of attorney to Hirsch. According to Ernst Rudolf Huber, Hirsch briefly became "Federal and Prussian State Commissioner".
Cabinet members
|}
See also
Prussian State Ministry
Notes
References
Prussian Revolutionary Cabinet
Government ministers of Prussia
Prussian Revolutionary Cabinet |
75975820 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%20Guangdong%E2%80%93Hong%20Kong%20Cup | Women Guangdong–Hong Kong Cup | The Women Guangdong–Hong Kong Cup () is a football competition between two women teams representing Hong Kong and Guangdong Province of China respectively. It was established in 2015.
History
On 31 December 2015, the first Women Guangdong–Hong Kong Cup concluded with the Guangdong team winning 2–0.
Format
The competition is a single match. If the scores are level at the end of 90 minutes, the match goes straight to a penalty shoot-out to determine a winner.
Past winners
Winners table
References
External links
2015 establishments in China
2015 establishments in Hong Kong
Football cup competitions in Hong Kong
Football cup competitions in China
Recurring sporting events established in 2015
Annual sporting events | Women Guangdong–Hong Kong Cup [SEP] The Women Guangdong–Hong Kong Cup () is a football competition between two women teams representing Hong Kong and Guangdong Province of China respectively. It was established in 2015.
History
On 31 December 2015, the first Women Guangdong–Hong Kong Cup concluded with the Guangdong team winning 2–0.
Format
The competition is a single match. If the scores are level at the end of 90 minutes, the match goes straight to a penalty shoot-out to determine a winner.
Past winners
Winners table
References
External links
2015 establishments in China
2015 establishments in Hong Kong
Football cup competitions in Hong Kong
Football cup competitions in China
Recurring sporting events established in 2015
Annual sporting events |
75975825 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvania%20turtaudierei | Alvania turtaudierei | Alvania turtaudierei is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
turtaudierei
Gastropods described in 2018 | Alvania turtaudierei [SEP] Alvania turtaudierei is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in upper Miocene strata in Maine-et-Loire, France.
References
Landau B.M., Ceulemans L. & Van Dingenen F. (2018). The upper Miocene gastropods of northwestern France, 2. Caenogastropoda. Cainozoic Research. 18(2): 177–368.
External links
turtaudierei
Gastropods described in 2018 |
75975864 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20of%20Professional%20Auctioneers%20and%20Valuers | Institute of Professional Auctioneers and Valuers | The Institute of Professional Auctioneers and Valuers (IPAV) is a professional association of auctioneers, valuers and estate agents in the island of Ireland.
IPAV was established in 1971, and has been a member of TEGOVA (The European Group of Valuers’ Associations) since 2013.
Governance
IPAV's headquarters are in Baggot Street in Dublin. As at 2024, its president is John Kennedy. In 2023, some senior members of IPAV resigned citing a lack of transparency.
Membership
As at 2022, there were over 1,400 members of IPAV.
Members of IPAV use the post-nominal initials MIPAV.
References
External links
Official website: ipav.ie
All-Ireland organisations
Organisations based in Dublin (city)
Professional associations based in Ireland
Real estate in Ireland
Real estate industry trade groups
Trade associations based in the Republic of Ireland | Institute of Professional Auctioneers and Valuers [SEP] The Institute of Professional Auctioneers and Valuers (IPAV) is a professional association of auctioneers, valuers and estate agents in the island of Ireland.
IPAV was established in 1971, and has been a member of TEGOVA (The European Group of Valuers’ Associations) since 2013.
Governance
IPAV's headquarters are in Baggot Street in Dublin. As at 2024, its president is John Kennedy. In 2023, some senior members of IPAV resigned citing a lack of transparency.
Membership
As at 2022, there were over 1,400 members of IPAV.
Members of IPAV use the post-nominal initials MIPAV.
References
External links
Official website: ipav.ie
All-Ireland organisations
Organisations based in Dublin (city)
Professional associations based in Ireland
Real estate in Ireland
Real estate industry trade groups
Trade associations based in the Republic of Ireland |
75975888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President%20Liu | President Liu | President Liu may refer to:
Liu Kuo-tsai (1911–1993), Acting President of the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China
Liu Sung-pan (1931—2016), 9th President of the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China
See also
Liu (surname) | President Liu [SEP] President Liu may refer to:
Liu Kuo-tsai (1911–1993), Acting President of the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China
Liu Sung-pan (1931—2016), 9th President of the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China
See also
Liu (surname) |
75975896 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvania%20agathae | Alvania agathae | Alvania agathae is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in Pliocene strata in Italy
References
Reitano, A., M. Cresti & D. Di Franco. (2020). A new species of the Alvania pagodula group (Monterosato, 1890) from the Pliocene of Italy: A. agathae n. sp. (Gastropoda Rissoidae). Biodiversity Journal. 11(4): 993–999.
External links
Marinespecies.org: image
agathae
Gastropods described in 2020 | Alvania agathae [SEP] Alvania agathae is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in Pliocene strata in Italy
References
Reitano, A., M. Cresti & D. Di Franco. (2020). A new species of the Alvania pagodula group (Monterosato, 1890) from the Pliocene of Italy: A. agathae n. sp. (Gastropoda Rissoidae). Biodiversity Journal. 11(4): 993–999.
External links
Marinespecies.org: image
agathae
Gastropods described in 2020 |
Subsets and Splits