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---
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:3507
- loss:GISTEmbedLoss
base_model: BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5
widget:
- source_sentence: What skills and traditions do the Akharas display?
sentences:
- "Are there specific vendors recommended for tent city booking?\n Yes, there are\
\ 7 approved vendors for setting up bookings in the Tent City for Kumbh Mela including\
\ : UP Tourism Tent Colony; Rishikul Kumbh Cottages; Aagman Maha Kumbh; Kumbh\
\ Village; Kumbh Camp India; Shivadya Kumbh Canvas. For more information about\
\ these vendors and their services, please click here"
- The Akharas display a wide range of skills and traditions that reflect their deep
spiritual heritage and ascetic practices. These include martial arts training,
such as wrestling, sword fighting, and the use of traditional weapons like tridents
(trishuls), maces (gada), and spears. Such skills symbolize their readiness to
protect Dharma and their spiritual communities. Additionally, Akharas emphasize
the tradition of Yoga and meditation, teaching various asanas and techniques for
self-discipline and spiritual growth. They also focus on Vedic rituals, chanting,
and sacred ceremonies to maintain their connection with the divine. Akharas uphold
the practice of 'Vairagya' or renunciation, where sadhus detach from worldly desires
to pursue a path of spiritual enlightenment. These traditions are on full display
during the Kumbh Mela, especially during the Shahi Snan, where the Naga Sadhus
lead the processions with their unique practices and skills.
- On a bright summer afternoon, the children gathered at the edge of the park, their
laughter echoing through the trees. They played games, running around with colorful
kites soaring high against the azure sky. Some kids chose to ride their bicycles
along the winding paths, while others set up a picnic with sandwiches and juice
boxes spread out on a checkered blanket. Nearby, a couple of dogs chased each
other joyfully, their tails wagging with uncontainable excitement as the scent
of fresh grass filled the air. The sun slowly dipped toward the horizon, casting
a warm golden glow, and everyone paused to watch the beauty of the sunset while
sharing stories, bonding over the simple joys of life. The day shimmered with
happiness, creating memories that would last long after the sun had set.
- source_sentence: Refund kab milega
sentences:
- "How late can I make changes to my booking before the tour date?\n Refunds and\
\ changes to bookings are subject to the following cancellation policy:\n \n 15\
\ days or more in advance: 90% of the booking amount will be refunded\n 10-15\
\ days in advance: 75% of the booking amount will be refunded\n 3-10 days in advance:\
\ 50% of the booking amount will be refunded\n Less than 3 days in advance: No\
\ refund\n \n Please make any changes or cancellations well in advance to avoid\
\ forfeiting your booking amount."
- "Is there any provision for women-only E-Rickshaws for added safety and comfort?\n\
\ No, there is no provision for women-only E-Rickshaws"
- 'Can I pay for the tour in installments?
No, the tour fee must be paid in full at the time of booking. Unfortunately, installment
plans are not available. Ensure that full payment is made to secure your booking
well in advance.'
- source_sentence: Are there any dedicated helpdesks or kiosks at the Airport for
information about transport to the Mela?
sentences:
- The forest is alive with the sounds of rustling leaves and chirping birds. As
the sun rises, a golden light filters through the trees, creating a magical atmosphere.
Walkers often find solace in nature, where the peaceful surroundings can soothe
the mind and inspire creativity. Each path taken may lead to a hidden waterfall
or a scenic overlook, inviting exploration and adventure.
- "What is Aarti\n In India, since ancient times, rivers are worshipped due to their\
\ importance to the human life. \n \n Likewise, in Tirathraj Prayagraj, Aartis’\
\ are performed on the banks of Ganga, Yamuna and at Sangam with great admiration,\
\ deep-rooted honor and devotion. In Prayagraj, Prayagraj Mela Authority and various\
\ other communities make grand arrangements for these Aartis.\n \n The Aartis\
\ are performed in the mornings and evenings, in which priests (Batuks), normally\
\ 5 to 7 in number, chant hymns with great fervor, holding meticulously designed\
\ lamps and worship the rivers with utmost devotion. \n \n The lamps held by the\
\ batuks represent the importance of panchtatva. On one hand, flames of the lamps\
\ signify bowing to the waters of the sacred rivers and on the other, the holy\
\ fumes emanating from the lamps appear to play the mystic of heaven on earth.\
\ \n List of Aliases: [['Prayag', 'Sangam'], ['Allahabad', 'PYG', 'Prayagraj'],\
\ ['Batuks', 'priests']]"
- Yes, there are people available to help you with transport information at the
airport. Tourist information centers would also be available across the city to
guide pilgrims to the Mela.
- source_sentence: Peeshwai Akhara time
sentences:
- "What is the connection between Akharas and Shahi Snan?\nAkharas are the central\
\ focus of the Shahi Snan during the Mahakumbh Mela. \U0001F549️\n \n The Akharas\
\ lead this ritual bath, with their Mahamandaleshwar taking the first dip in the\
\ sacred waters of the Sangam.\n \n The Akharas enter the bathing ghats in a grand\
\ procession, which includes chariots, elephants, horses, bands, and chanting\
\ saints and their followers."
- "When does Peshwai take place?\n The Peshwai of the Akharas is the first major\
\ attraction of the Mahakumbh. When the Akharas enter the Kumbh city with full\
\ grandeur, this is called the Peshwai. The Peshwai of each Akhara is conducted\
\ with proper rituals before the fair officially begins. \n List of Aliases:\
\ [['Peshwai', 'entry of Akharas with full grandeur', 'event', 'first major attraction\
\ of the Mahakumbh'], ['Akhada Darshan', 'Akharas'], , ['Akhand', 'Akhara', 'Kalpwasi\
\ Camp', 'Naga', 'Nagas', 'Sadhu', 'sadhus']]"
- Yes, towing services are available if your vehicle breaks down in the parking
lot.
- source_sentence: How long does it typically take to enter or exit the parking area
during peak times?
sentences:
- In a remote village, the annual kite festival attracts many visitors who come
to see the vibrant displays. The event showcases dozens of kites soaring high,
each crafted with unique designs. Local artisans prepare for months, selecting
colors and materials to make the best creations. Everyone enjoys the lively atmosphere
filled with music and laughter.
- 'What is the history and significance of the University of Allahabad?
Established in 1887, University of Allahabad is a prestigious educational institution.
It has a grand campus with prominent architectural structures:
The Science Faculty, formerly known as Muir Central College, is a notable building
showcasing Indo-Saracenic architecture. The structure includes a central 200 ft.
tower, and the interiors are adorned with marble and mosaic from Mirzapur.
The Arts Faculty and other buildings, constructed between 1910 and 1915, are renowned
for their architectural significance. It’s also historically significant as Rudyard
Kipling stayed here during 1888-89.'
- The time to enter or exit the parking area during peak times can vary based on
crowd density, time of day, and traffic management. Generally, it takes about
2 to 10 minutes.
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
- cosine_accuracy@1
- cosine_accuracy@5
- cosine_accuracy@10
- cosine_precision@1
- cosine_precision@5
- cosine_precision@10
- cosine_recall@1
- cosine_recall@5
- cosine_recall@10
- cosine_ndcg@5
- cosine_ndcg@10
- cosine_ndcg@100
- cosine_mrr@5
- cosine_mrr@10
- cosine_mrr@100
- cosine_map@100
model-index:
- name: SentenceTransformer based on BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5
results:
- task:
type: information-retrieval
name: Information Retrieval
dataset:
name: val evaluator
type: val_evaluator
metrics:
- type: cosine_accuracy@1
value: 0.3443557582668187
name: Cosine Accuracy@1
- type: cosine_accuracy@5
value: 0.7229190421892816
name: Cosine Accuracy@5
- type: cosine_accuracy@10
value: 0.8038768529076397
name: Cosine Accuracy@10
- type: cosine_precision@1
value: 0.3443557582668187
name: Cosine Precision@1
- type: cosine_precision@5
value: 0.14458380843785631
name: Cosine Precision@5
- type: cosine_precision@10
value: 0.08038768529076395
name: Cosine Precision@10
- type: cosine_recall@1
value: 0.3443557582668187
name: Cosine Recall@1
- type: cosine_recall@5
value: 0.7229190421892816
name: Cosine Recall@5
- type: cosine_recall@10
value: 0.8038768529076397
name: Cosine Recall@10
- type: cosine_ndcg@5
value: 0.5504290811876199
name: Cosine Ndcg@5
- type: cosine_ndcg@10
value: 0.5765613499697346
name: Cosine Ndcg@10
- type: cosine_ndcg@100
value: 0.614171229811746
name: Cosine Ndcg@100
- type: cosine_mrr@5
value: 0.4926263778031162
name: Cosine Mrr@5
- type: cosine_mrr@10
value: 0.5033795768402376
name: Cosine Mrr@10
- type: cosine_mrr@100
value: 0.5113051664568566
name: Cosine Mrr@100
- type: cosine_map@100
value: 0.5113051664568576
name: Cosine Map@100
---
# SentenceTransformer based on BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5
This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 384-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.
## Model Details
### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5) <!-- at revision 5c38ec7c405ec4b44b94cc5a9bb96e735b38267a -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 384 dimensions
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
<!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **Language:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **License:** Unknown -->
### Model Sources
- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)
### Full Model Architecture
```
SentenceTransformer(
(0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': True}) with Transformer model: BertModel
(1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
(2): Normalize()
)
```
## Usage
### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)
First install the Sentence Transformers library:
```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```
Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("himanshu23099/bge_embedding_finetune_v3")
# Run inference
sentences = [
'How long does it typically take to enter or exit the parking area during peak times?',
'The time to enter or exit the parking area during peak times can vary based on crowd density, time of day, and traffic management. Generally, it takes about 2 to 10 minutes.',
'In a remote village, the annual kite festival attracts many visitors who come to see the vibrant displays. The event showcases dozens of kites soaring high, each crafted with unique designs. Local artisans prepare for months, selecting colors and materials to make the best creations. Everyone enjoys the lively atmosphere filled with music and laughter.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 384]
# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```
<!--
### Direct Usage (Transformers)
<details><summary>Click to see the direct usage in Transformers</summary>
</details>
-->
<!--
### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers)
You can finetune this model on your own dataset.
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>
</details>
-->
<!--
### Out-of-Scope Use
*List how the model may foreseeably be misused and address what users ought not to do with the model.*
-->
## Evaluation
### Metrics
#### Information Retrieval
* Dataset: `val_evaluator`
* Evaluated with [<code>InformationRetrievalEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.InformationRetrievalEvaluator)
| Metric | Value |
|:--------------------|:-----------|
| cosine_accuracy@1 | 0.3444 |
| cosine_accuracy@5 | 0.7229 |
| cosine_accuracy@10 | 0.8039 |
| cosine_precision@1 | 0.3444 |
| cosine_precision@5 | 0.1446 |
| cosine_precision@10 | 0.0804 |
| cosine_recall@1 | 0.3444 |
| cosine_recall@5 | 0.7229 |
| cosine_recall@10 | 0.8039 |
| cosine_ndcg@5 | 0.5504 |
| cosine_ndcg@10 | 0.5766 |
| **cosine_ndcg@100** | **0.6142** |
| cosine_mrr@5 | 0.4926 |
| cosine_mrr@10 | 0.5034 |
| cosine_mrr@100 | 0.5113 |
| cosine_map@100 | 0.5113 |
<!--
## Bias, Risks and Limitations
*What are the known or foreseeable issues stemming from this model? You could also flag here known failure cases or weaknesses of the model.*
-->
<!--
### Recommendations
*What are recommendations with respect to the foreseeable issues? For example, filtering explicit content.*
-->
## Training Details
### Training Dataset
#### Unnamed Dataset
* Size: 3,507 training samples
* Columns: <code>anchor</code>, <code>positive</code>, and <code>negative</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
| | anchor | positive | negative |
|:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| type | string | string | string |
| details | <ul><li>min: 5 tokens</li><li>mean: 12.02 tokens</li><li>max: 32 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 117.69 tokens</li><li>max: 504 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 15 tokens</li><li>mean: 119.62 tokens</li><li>max: 422 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
| anchor | positive | negative |
|:-------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| <code>Tour departs how city</code> | <code>What is the itinerary for 1-day Maihar tour?<br> Maihar tour departs from Hotel Ilawart, Prayagraj at 7:00 AM and includes visit to Maa Sharda Devi Temple located atop Trikoota Hill. For more details and booking, click here: https://bit.ly/3YBcbI6 <br> List of Aliases: [['Allahabad', 'PYG', 'Prayagraj']]</code> | <code>What one-day outstation tours are available from Prayagraj?<br>The one-day outstation tours from Prayagraj include destinations such as Ayodhya, Varanasi, Maihar, and Chitrakoot. These tours offer a quick yet enriching journey to some of the most significant spiritual and cultural sites near Prayagraj.<br><br>For more details, visit : https://bit.ly/4eWFRoH</code> |
| <code>How train for Prayag reach</code> | <code>Which airlines operate flights to Prayagraj?<br> Several airlines operate flights to Prayagraj, India. However, availability may depend on your location and the time of travel. Some of the airlines that typically operate flights to Prayagraj include:<br> <br> 1. Air India<br> 2. IndiGo<br> 3. SpiceJet<br> <br> For the most accurate and up-to-date information on train timings to Prayagraj, please visit the IRCTC website <https://www.irctc.co.in/nget/> <br> List of Aliases: [['Allahabad', 'PYG', 'Prayagraj']]</code> | <code>What is the best train route to Prayagraj from Ayodhya?<br>To travel by train from Ayodhya to Prayagraj, you can use the Indian Railways' services. Here is a general guide for the route:<br><br>1. Ayodhya Cantt (AY) to Prayagraj Junction (PRYJ) via Train No. 14203: This is one of the direct trains to Prayagraj from Ayodhya. It generally runs on Tuesday and Friday.<br><br>2. Ayodhya Cantt (AY) to Prayagraj Rambag (PRRB) via Train No. 14205: This train runs regularly and is another direct route to Prayagraj.<br><br>For the most accurate and up-to-date information on train timings to Prayagraj, please visit the IRCTC website <https://www.irctc.co.in/nget/></code> |
| <code>Why should one do the Prayagraj Panchkoshi Parikrama?</code> | <code>The Prayagraj Panchkoshi Parikrama is a deeply revered spiritual journey that offers multiple benefits to devotees. It is believed to grant blessings equivalent to visiting all sacred pilgrimage sites in India, providing divine grace and spiritual merit. The Parikrama route covers significant temples like the Dwadash Madhav temples, Akshayavat, and Mankameshwar, which are steeped in Hindu mythology and history, allowing pilgrims to connect with the spiritual and cultural heritage of Prayagraj. This circumambulation around sacred sites is also seen as a way to cleanse one's sins and progress towards Moksha (liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth), making it a path of introspection and spiritual growth. The pilgrimage fosters unity among people from diverse backgrounds, offering a unique cultural exchange and shared spiritual experience. By participating, devotees also help revive an ancient tradition integral to the Kumbh Mela for centuries, reconnecting with age-old practices t...</code> | <code>Elevators are remarkable inventions that revolutionized how we navigate tall buildings. They provide a swift, efficient means of transportation between floors, making urban life more accessible. These mechanical wonders operate on a system of pulleys and counterweights, enabling them to carry heavy loads effortlessly. Safety features like emergency brakes and backup power systems ensure that passengers remain secure during their journey. Various designs and styles can be seen in buildings around the world, from sleek modern glass models to vintage models that evoke nostalgia. Elevators also highlight the advancement of engineering and technology over time, evolving from rudimentary designs to sophisticated machines with smart technology. They are essential in various settings, including residential, commercial, and industrial spaces, offering convenience and practicality. Their presence also allows for the efficient use of vertical space, fostering creativity in architectural designs a...</code> |
* Loss: [<code>GISTEmbedLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#gistembedloss) with these parameters:
```json
{'guide': SentenceTransformer(
(0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 256, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel
(1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
(2): Normalize()
), 'temperature': 0.01}
```
### Evaluation Dataset
#### Unnamed Dataset
* Size: 877 evaluation samples
* Columns: <code>anchor</code>, <code>positive</code>, and <code>negative</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 877 samples:
| | anchor | positive | negative |
|:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| type | string | string | string |
| details | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 12.13 tokens</li><li>max: 32 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 117.82 tokens</li><li>max: 504 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 8 tokens</li><li>mean: 117.68 tokens</li><li>max: 422 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
| anchor | positive | negative |
|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| <code>Akhara means what</code> | <code>Is the word Akhara related to Akhand?<br> Many scholars believe that the word 'Akhara' originated from the word 'Akhand.' Initially, a group of armed ascetics was referred to as 'Akhand.' Over time, when these 'Akhand' groups evolved into centers for training in weaponry and martial arts, they came to be known as 'Akhara.' <br> List of Aliases: [['Akhand', 'Akhara', 'Kalpwasi Camp', 'Naga', 'Nagas', 'Sadhu', 'sadhus']]</code> | <code>Why did Adi Shankaracharya organize the Akharas?<br>According to the evidence available in the Akharas and the descriptions mentioned in their history, centuries ago, Adi Shankaracharya established these Akharas with the purpose of protecting Hindu temples and monasteries from foreign and non-believer invaders, as well as safeguarding the followers of Hinduism.<br> <br> Adi Shankaracharya believed that young saints should not only be proficient in scriptures (Shastra) but also in the art of weaponry (Shastra), so they could fulfill the duty of protecting the monasteries, temples, and their followers when necessary.</code> |
| <code>Why do so many people gather for this?</code> | <code>Millions gather for the Kumbh Mela due to its profound spiritual, cultural, and social significance. Rooted in ancient Hindu mythology, the Mela is believed to be an auspicious time when bathing in the sacred rivers—Ganga, Yamuna, and Saraswati—can cleanse sins and lead to spiritual liberation (Moksha). The event, occurring during rare celestial alignments, amplifies these spiritual benefits. It is a unique confluence of faith, where people from diverse backgrounds come together, creating a “mini-India” that fosters unity in diversity. \n The Mela also offers opportunities for spiritual learning through discourses by saints, religious rituals like Kalpvas, Deep Daan, and cultural performances. Moreover, the Kumbh Mela is a rare platform for connecting with spiritual leaders, experiencing religious tolerance, and participating in one of the world's largest peaceful gatherings, making it a must-attend event for millions seeking spiritual growth, community, and divine blessings.</code> | <code>In the bustling world of urban development, architects and city planners often seek innovative solutions to optimize living spaces. The integration of green spaces within urban environments not only enhances aesthetic appeal but also significantly improves residents' quality of life. Vertical gardens, rooftops, and community parks play a crucial role in providing habitats for local wildlife while promoting biodiversity in densely populated areas. <br><br>Furthermore, advancements in sustainable technology, such as solar panels and rainwater harvesting systems, are being incorporated into these designs, offering environmentally friendly alternatives that reduce utility costs for residents. Public art installations also contribute to community identity, fostering a sense of belonging among citizens. <br><br>Collaborative efforts between various stakeholders—governments, private sectors, and local communities—are essential to ensure these projects reflect the needs and desires of the people. The succ...</code> |
| <code>Do parking charges vary between different parking zones or proximity to the Mela grounds?</code> | <code>No, the parking charges are standardized and remain the same throughout, regardless of the parking zone or proximity to the Mela grounds. Charges are fixed at ₹5 for cycles, ₹15 for two-wheelers, ₹65 for 3-4 wheelers, and ₹260 for buses and heavy vehicles for 24 hours.</code> | <code>The ancient art of pottery involves molding clay into various shapes before firing it in a kiln. Traditionally, artisans use hand tools and techniques passed down through generations. Each region often has its own distinctive styles, resulting in a rich diversity of forms, glazes, and colors. Pottery can serve practical purposes, such as in cooking and storage, while also being a medium for artistic expression and cultural storytelling.</code> |
* Loss: [<code>GISTEmbedLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#gistembedloss) with these parameters:
```json
{'guide': SentenceTransformer(
(0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 256, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel
(1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
(2): Normalize()
), 'temperature': 0.01}
```
### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 2
- `learning_rate`: 1e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.01
- `num_train_epochs`: 30
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `load_best_model_at_end`: True
#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>
- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 8
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 2
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 1e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.01
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 30
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: False
- `fp16`: False
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: True
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: False
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `include_for_metrics`: []
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`:
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `dispatch_batches`: None
- `split_batches`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `use_liger_kernel`: False
- `eval_use_gather_object`: False
- `average_tokens_across_devices`: False
- `prompts`: None
- `batch_sampler`: batch_sampler
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional
</details>
### Training Logs
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>
| Epoch | Step | Training Loss | Validation Loss | val_evaluator_cosine_ndcg@100 |
|:-------:|:----:|:-------------:|:---------------:|:-----------------------------:|
| 0.0909 | 10 | 1.9717 | 1.2192 | 0.4285 |
| 0.1818 | 20 | 1.8228 | 1.1896 | 0.4307 |
| 0.2727 | 30 | 1.9999 | 1.1429 | 0.4310 |
| 0.3636 | 40 | 1.6463 | 1.0845 | 0.4311 |
| 0.4545 | 50 | 1.9207 | 1.0205 | 0.4334 |
| 0.5455 | 60 | 1.5777 | 0.9509 | 0.4338 |
| 0.6364 | 70 | 1.4277 | 0.8810 | 0.4376 |
| 0.7273 | 80 | 1.408 | 0.8130 | 0.4432 |
| 0.8182 | 90 | 1.3565 | 0.7535 | 0.4436 |
| 0.9091 | 100 | 1.3322 | 0.6935 | 0.4495 |
| 1.0 | 110 | 0.8344 | 0.6420 | 0.4518 |
| 1.0909 | 120 | 1.1696 | 0.5956 | 0.4515 |
| 1.1818 | 130 | 0.9622 | 0.5524 | 0.4565 |
| 1.2727 | 140 | 0.9005 | 0.5173 | 0.4616 |
| 1.3636 | 150 | 0.962 | 0.4802 | 0.4662 |
| 1.4545 | 160 | 0.7924 | 0.4497 | 0.4693 |
| 1.5455 | 170 | 0.8955 | 0.4262 | 0.4711 |
| 1.6364 | 180 | 0.7652 | 0.4031 | 0.4736 |
| 1.7273 | 190 | 0.7517 | 0.3804 | 0.4773 |
| 1.8182 | 200 | 0.5669 | 0.3636 | 0.4784 |
| 1.9091 | 210 | 0.6641 | 0.3469 | 0.4813 |
| 2.0 | 220 | 0.5227 | 0.3267 | 0.4820 |
| 2.0909 | 230 | 0.6146 | 0.3075 | 0.4843 |
| 2.1818 | 240 | 0.4709 | 0.2908 | 0.4882 |
| 2.2727 | 250 | 0.5963 | 0.2780 | 0.4955 |
| 2.3636 | 260 | 0.5103 | 0.2668 | 0.4977 |
| 2.4545 | 270 | 0.4833 | 0.2566 | 0.5027 |
| 2.5455 | 280 | 0.4389 | 0.2431 | 0.5045 |
| 2.6364 | 290 | 0.4653 | 0.2317 | 0.5059 |
| 2.7273 | 300 | 0.3559 | 0.2263 | 0.5086 |
| 2.8182 | 310 | 0.4623 | 0.2197 | 0.5127 |
| 2.9091 | 320 | 0.3889 | 0.2103 | 0.5183 |
| 3.0 | 330 | 0.4014 | 0.2037 | 0.5206 |
| 3.0909 | 340 | 0.2977 | 0.1999 | 0.5228 |
| 3.1818 | 350 | 0.4656 | 0.1956 | 0.5266 |
| 3.2727 | 360 | 0.436 | 0.1873 | 0.5288 |
| 3.3636 | 370 | 0.3111 | 0.1803 | 0.5311 |
| 3.4545 | 380 | 0.333 | 0.1759 | 0.5325 |
| 3.5455 | 390 | 0.2899 | 0.1717 | 0.5381 |
| 3.6364 | 400 | 0.4245 | 0.1663 | 0.5419 |
| 3.7273 | 410 | 0.4247 | 0.1658 | 0.5421 |
| 3.8182 | 420 | 0.2251 | 0.1646 | 0.5442 |
| 3.9091 | 430 | 0.2784 | 0.1635 | 0.5448 |
| 4.0 | 440 | 0.2503 | 0.1613 | 0.5490 |
| 4.0909 | 450 | 0.2342 | 0.1588 | 0.5501 |
| 4.1818 | 460 | 0.3139 | 0.1584 | 0.5527 |
| 4.2727 | 470 | 0.2356 | 0.1552 | 0.5498 |
| 4.3636 | 480 | 0.3147 | 0.1496 | 0.5518 |
| 4.4545 | 490 | 0.2691 | 0.1469 | 0.5508 |
| 4.5455 | 500 | 0.2639 | 0.1466 | 0.5561 |
| 4.6364 | 510 | 0.1581 | 0.1432 | 0.5625 |
| 4.7273 | 520 | 0.1922 | 0.1406 | 0.5663 |
| 4.8182 | 530 | 0.2453 | 0.1406 | 0.5688 |
| 4.9091 | 540 | 0.2631 | 0.1399 | 0.5705 |
| 5.0 | 550 | 0.3324 | 0.1402 | 0.5681 |
| 5.0909 | 560 | 0.1801 | 0.1389 | 0.5715 |
| 5.1818 | 570 | 0.2096 | 0.1371 | 0.5736 |
| 5.2727 | 580 | 0.2167 | 0.1344 | 0.5743 |
| 5.3636 | 590 | 0.1553 | 0.1297 | 0.5791 |
| 5.4545 | 600 | 0.1903 | 0.1263 | 0.5790 |
| 5.5455 | 610 | 0.1388 | 0.1241 | 0.5816 |
| 5.6364 | 620 | 0.2642 | 0.1231 | 0.5809 |
| 5.7273 | 630 | 0.2119 | 0.1238 | 0.5792 |
| 5.8182 | 640 | 0.1767 | 0.1216 | 0.5809 |
| 5.9091 | 650 | 0.2167 | 0.1218 | 0.5810 |
| 6.0 | 660 | 0.26 | 0.1232 | 0.5793 |
| 6.0909 | 670 | 0.1603 | 0.1222 | 0.5807 |
| 6.1818 | 680 | 0.1534 | 0.1209 | 0.5794 |
| 6.2727 | 690 | 0.1742 | 0.1165 | 0.5821 |
| 6.3636 | 700 | 0.1133 | 0.1120 | 0.5824 |
| 6.4545 | 710 | 0.1198 | 0.1106 | 0.5817 |
| 6.5455 | 720 | 0.2019 | 0.1114 | 0.5832 |
| 6.6364 | 730 | 0.2268 | 0.1116 | 0.5823 |
| 6.7273 | 740 | 0.1779 | 0.1077 | 0.5887 |
| 6.8182 | 750 | 0.1586 | 0.1048 | 0.5892 |
| 6.9091 | 760 | 0.2074 | 0.1057 | 0.5872 |
| 7.0 | 770 | 0.1625 | 0.1091 | 0.5881 |
| 7.0909 | 780 | 0.2266 | 0.1079 | 0.5900 |
| 7.1818 | 790 | 0.148 | 0.1054 | 0.5895 |
| 7.2727 | 800 | 0.1248 | 0.1048 | 0.5916 |
| 7.3636 | 810 | 0.1753 | 0.1047 | 0.5956 |
| 7.4545 | 820 | 0.109 | 0.1045 | 0.5981 |
| 7.5455 | 830 | 0.1369 | 0.1056 | 0.5953 |
| 7.6364 | 840 | 0.1209 | 0.1068 | 0.5946 |
| 7.7273 | 850 | 0.182 | 0.1079 | 0.5952 |
| 7.8182 | 860 | 0.1116 | 0.1083 | 0.5978 |
| 7.9091 | 870 | 0.1813 | 0.1033 | 0.5985 |
| 8.0 | 880 | 0.1559 | 0.1010 | 0.6027 |
| 8.0909 | 890 | 0.1384 | 0.1019 | 0.6017 |
| 8.1818 | 900 | 0.1057 | 0.1034 | 0.6004 |
| 8.2727 | 910 | 0.1359 | 0.1033 | 0.5994 |
| 8.3636 | 920 | 0.0909 | 0.1008 | 0.6011 |
| 8.4545 | 930 | 0.0995 | 0.0986 | 0.6030 |
| 8.5455 | 940 | 0.1261 | 0.0973 | 0.6046 |
| 8.6364 | 950 | 0.1031 | 0.0955 | 0.6013 |
| 8.7273 | 960 | 0.1163 | 0.0949 | 0.6018 |
| 8.8182 | 970 | 0.1493 | 0.0963 | 0.6041 |
| 8.9091 | 980 | 0.13 | 0.0967 | 0.6044 |
| 9.0 | 990 | 0.1059 | 0.0937 | 0.6044 |
| 9.0909 | 1000 | 0.1287 | 0.0923 | 0.6045 |
| 9.1818 | 1010 | 0.1019 | 0.0924 | 0.6086 |
| 9.2727 | 1020 | 0.1645 | 0.0921 | 0.6086 |
| 9.3636 | 1030 | 0.1395 | 0.0931 | 0.6075 |
| 9.4545 | 1040 | 0.1067 | 0.0935 | 0.6051 |
| 9.5455 | 1050 | 0.1334 | 0.0930 | 0.6058 |
| 9.6364 | 1060 | 0.136 | 0.0919 | 0.6069 |
| 9.7273 | 1070 | 0.0968 | 0.0930 | 0.6052 |
| 9.8182 | 1080 | 0.1447 | 0.0946 | 0.6077 |
| 9.9091 | 1090 | 0.1288 | 0.0967 | 0.6049 |
| 10.0 | 1100 | 0.1001 | 0.0960 | 0.6034 |
| 10.0909 | 1110 | 0.1642 | 0.0952 | 0.6000 |
| 10.1818 | 1120 | 0.1737 | 0.0926 | 0.6028 |
| 10.2727 | 1130 | 0.1283 | 0.0906 | 0.6023 |
| 10.3636 | 1140 | 0.0959 | 0.0906 | 0.6073 |
| 10.4545 | 1150 | 0.0875 | 0.0927 | 0.6065 |
| 10.5455 | 1160 | 0.1284 | 0.0934 | 0.6058 |
| 10.6364 | 1170 | 0.1482 | 0.0937 | 0.6049 |
| 10.7273 | 1180 | 0.1089 | 0.0925 | 0.6018 |
| 10.8182 | 1190 | 0.0876 | 0.0896 | 0.6068 |
| 10.9091 | 1200 | 0.0849 | 0.0897 | 0.6062 |
| 11.0 | 1210 | 0.1041 | 0.0897 | 0.6073 |
| 11.0909 | 1220 | 0.107 | 0.0889 | 0.6043 |
| 11.1818 | 1230 | 0.1018 | 0.0868 | 0.6059 |
| 11.2727 | 1240 | 0.0835 | 0.0846 | 0.6106 |
| 11.3636 | 1250 | 0.1455 | 0.0831 | 0.6069 |
| 11.4545 | 1260 | 0.1071 | 0.0832 | 0.6051 |
| 11.5455 | 1270 | 0.0777 | 0.0839 | 0.6054 |
| 11.6364 | 1280 | 0.1218 | 0.0855 | 0.6051 |
| 11.7273 | 1290 | 0.0702 | 0.0862 | 0.6048 |
| 11.8182 | 1300 | 0.1017 | 0.0865 | 0.6068 |
| 11.9091 | 1310 | 0.1452 | 0.0860 | 0.6074 |
| 12.0 | 1320 | 0.1563 | 0.0855 | 0.6073 |
| 12.0909 | 1330 | 0.1026 | 0.0858 | 0.6102 |
| 12.1818 | 1340 | 0.108 | 0.0861 | 0.6062 |
| 12.2727 | 1350 | 0.078 | 0.0854 | 0.6055 |
| 12.3636 | 1360 | 0.0655 | 0.0847 | 0.6082 |
| 12.4545 | 1370 | 0.1075 | 0.0836 | 0.6085 |
| 12.5455 | 1380 | 0.0875 | 0.0846 | 0.6049 |
| 12.6364 | 1390 | 0.1082 | 0.0828 | 0.6096 |
| 12.7273 | 1400 | 0.1133 | 0.0816 | 0.6077 |
| 12.8182 | 1410 | 0.0931 | 0.0814 | 0.6106 |
| 12.9091 | 1420 | 0.0728 | 0.0818 | 0.6085 |
| 13.0 | 1430 | 0.1338 | 0.0827 | 0.6082 |
| 13.0909 | 1440 | 0.1232 | 0.0813 | 0.6076 |
| 13.1818 | 1450 | 0.093 | 0.0796 | 0.6110 |
| 13.2727 | 1460 | 0.0994 | 0.0793 | 0.6090 |
| 13.3636 | 1470 | 0.0424 | 0.0806 | 0.6109 |
| 13.4545 | 1480 | 0.0598 | 0.0833 | 0.6086 |
| 13.5455 | 1490 | 0.0813 | 0.0841 | 0.6093 |
| 13.6364 | 1500 | 0.0913 | 0.0817 | 0.6125 |
| 13.7273 | 1510 | 0.1048 | 0.0801 | 0.6133 |
| 13.8182 | 1520 | 0.0503 | 0.0800 | 0.6110 |
| 13.9091 | 1530 | 0.0954 | 0.0800 | 0.6111 |
| 14.0 | 1540 | 0.067 | 0.0791 | 0.6099 |
| 14.0909 | 1550 | 0.0808 | 0.0779 | 0.6111 |
| 14.1818 | 1560 | 0.1047 | 0.0783 | 0.6110 |
| 14.2727 | 1570 | 0.0685 | 0.0791 | 0.6125 |
| 14.3636 | 1580 | 0.1215 | 0.0793 | 0.6120 |
| 14.4545 | 1590 | 0.0761 | 0.0794 | 0.6157 |
| 14.5455 | 1600 | 0.0705 | 0.0790 | 0.6136 |
| 14.6364 | 1610 | 0.0722 | 0.0785 | 0.6098 |
| 14.7273 | 1620 | 0.0881 | 0.0785 | 0.6120 |
| 14.8182 | 1630 | 0.0668 | 0.0791 | 0.6122 |
| 14.9091 | 1640 | 0.1261 | 0.0787 | 0.6152 |
| 15.0 | 1650 | 0.0601 | 0.0784 | 0.6148 |
| 15.0909 | 1660 | 0.0701 | 0.0799 | 0.6167 |
| 15.1818 | 1670 | 0.1244 | 0.0794 | 0.6160 |
| 15.2727 | 1680 | 0.0531 | 0.0788 | 0.6174 |
| 15.3636 | 1690 | 0.0518 | 0.0780 | 0.6154 |
| 15.4545 | 1700 | 0.0961 | 0.0784 | 0.6142 |
| 15.5455 | 1710 | 0.1041 | - | - |
</details>
### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.10.12
- Sentence Transformers: 3.3.0
- Transformers: 4.46.2
- PyTorch: 2.5.1+cu121
- Accelerate: 1.1.1
- Datasets: 3.1.0
- Tokenizers: 0.20.3
## Citation
### BibTeX
#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
month = "11",
year = "2019",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```
#### GISTEmbedLoss
```bibtex
@misc{solatorio2024gistembed,
title={GISTEmbed: Guided In-sample Selection of Training Negatives for Text Embedding Fine-tuning},
author={Aivin V. Solatorio},
year={2024},
eprint={2402.16829},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.LG}
}
```
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