granite-3.0-2b-base / README.md
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metadata
pipeline_tag: text-generation
inference: false
license: apache-2.0
library_name: transformers
tags:
  - language
  - granite-3.0
model-index:
  - name: granite-3.0-2b-base
    results:
      - task:
          type: text-generation
        dataset:
          type: human-exams
          name: MMLU
        metrics:
          - name: pass@1
            type: pass@1
            value: 55
            veriefied: false
      - task:
          type: text-generation
        dataset:
          type: human-exams
          name: MMLU-Pro
        metrics:
          - name: pass@1
            type: pass@1
            value: 23.64
            veriefied: false
      - task:
          type: text-generation
        dataset:
          type: human-exams
          name: AGI-Eval
        metrics:
          - name: pass@1
            type: pass@1
            value: 21.75
            veriefied: false
      - task:
          type: text-generation
        dataset:
          type: commonsense
          name: WinoGrande
        metrics:
          - name: pass@1
            type: pass@1
            value: 71.59
            veriefied: false
      - task:
          type: text-generation
        dataset:
          type: commonsense
          name: OBQA
        metrics:
          - name: pass@1
            type: pass@1
            value: 42.8
            veriefied: false
      - task:
          type: text-generation
        dataset:
          type: commonsense
          name: SIQA
        metrics:
          - name: pass@1
            type: pass@1
            value: 59.84
            veriefied: false
      - task:
          type: text-generation
        dataset:
          type: commonsense
          name: PIQA
        metrics:
          - name: pass@1
            type: pass@1
            value: 79.27
            veriefied: false
      - task:
          type: text-generation
        dataset:
          type: commonsense
          name: Hellaswag
        metrics:
          - name: pass@1
            type: pass@1
            value: 75.76
            veriefied: false
      - task:
          type: text-generation
        dataset:
          type: commonsense
          name: TruthfulQA
        metrics:
          - name: pass@1
            type: pass@1
            value: 39.9
            veriefied: false
      - task:
          type: text-generation
        dataset:
          type: reading-comprehension
          name: BoolQ
        metrics:
          - name: pass@1
            type: pass@1
            value: 81.35
            veriefied: false
      - task:
          type: text-generation
        dataset:
          type: reading-comprehension
          name: SQuAD v2
        metrics:
          - name: pass@1
            type: pass@1
            value: 25.22
            veriefied: false
      - task:
          type: text-generation
        dataset:
          type: reasoning
          name: ARC-C
        metrics:
          - name: pass@1
            type: pass@1
            value: 47.61
            veriefied: false
      - task:
          type: text-generation
        dataset:
          type: reasoning
          name: GPQA
        metrics:
          - name: pass@1
            type: pass@1
            value: 29.19
            veriefied: false
      - task:
          type: text-generation
        dataset:
          type: reasoning
          name: BBH
        metrics:
          - name: pass@1
            type: pass@1
            value: 46.89
            veriefied: false
      - task:
          type: text-generation
        dataset:
          type: code
          name: HumanEval
        metrics:
          - name: pass@1
            type: pass@1
            value: 31.71
            veriefied: false
      - task:
          type: text-generation
        dataset:
          type: code
          name: MBPP
        metrics:
          - name: pass@1
            type: pass@1
            value: 35.4
            veriefied: false
      - task:
          type: text-generation
        dataset:
          type: math
          name: GSM8K
        metrics:
          - name: pass@1
            type: pass@1
            value: 51.48
            veriefied: false
      - task:
          type: text-generation
        dataset:
          type: math
          name: MATH
        metrics:
          - name: pass@1
            type: pass@1
            value: 19.46
            veriefied: false
      - task:
          type: text-generation
        dataset:
          type: multilingual
          name: MGSM
        metrics:
          - name: pass@1
            type: pass@1
            value: 30.47
            veriefied: false

Granite-3.0-2B-Base

Model Summary

Granite-3.0-2B-Base is an open-source decoder-only language model from IBM Research that supports a variety of text-to-text generation tasks (e.g., question-answering, text-completion). Granite-3.0-2B-Base is trained from scratch and follows a two-phase training strategy. In the first phase, it is trained on 10 trillion tokens sourced from diverse domains. During the second phase, it is further trained on 2 trillion tokens using a carefully curated mix of high-quality data, aiming to enhance its performance on specific tasks.

Supported Languages

English, German, Spanish, French, Japanese, Portuguese, Arabic, Czech, Italian, Korean, Dutch, Chinese (Simplified)

Usage

Intended use

Prominent use cases of LLMs in text-to-text generation include summarization, text classification, extraction, question-answering, and more. All Granite Base models are able to handle these tasks as they were trained on a large amount of data from various domains. Moreover, all Granite language model can serve as baseline to create specialized models for specific application scenarios.

Generation

This is a simple example of how to use Granite-3.0-2B-Base model.

Install the following libraries:

pip install torch torchvision torchaudio
pip install accelerate
pip install transformers

Then, copy the code snippet below to run the example.

from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
device = "auto"
model_path = "ibm-granite/granite-3.0-2b-base"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path)
# drop device_map if running on CPU
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_path, device_map=device)
model.eval()
# change input text as desired
input_text = "Where is the MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab located?"
# tokenize the text
input_tokens = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt").to(device)
# generate output tokens
output = model.generate(**input_tokens,
                        max_length=4000)
# decode output tokens into text
output = tokenizer.batch_decode(output)
# print output
print(output)

Model Architeture

Granite-3.0-2B-Base is based on a decoder-only dense transformer architecture. Core components of this architecture are: GQA and RoPE, MLP with SwiGLU, RMSNorm, and shared input/output embbeddings.

Model 2B Dense 8B Dense 1B MoE 3B MoE
Embedding size 2048 4096 1024 1536
Number of layers 40 40 24 32
Attention head size 64 128 64 64
Number of attention heads 32 32 16 24
Number of KV heads 8 8 8 8
MLP hidden size 8192 12800 512 512
MLP activation SwiGLU SwiGLU SwiGLU SwiGLU
Number of Experts 32 40
MoE TopK 8 8
Initialization std 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sequence Length 4096 4096 4096 4096
Position Embedding RoPE RoPE RoPE RoPE
# Paremeters 2.5B 8.1B 1.3B 3.3B
# Active Parameters 2.5B 8.1B 400M 800M
# Training tokens 12T 12T 10T 10T

Training Data

This model is trained on a mix of open-source and proprietary data following a two-phase training strategy.

  • Phase 1 data: The data for phase 1 is sourced from diverse domains, such as: web, code, academic sources, books, and math data.
  • Phase 2 data: The data for phase 2 comprises a curated mix of high-quality data from the same domains, plus multilingual and instruction data. The goal of this second training phase is to enhance the model’s performance on specific tasks.

Infrastructure

We train the Granite Language models using IBM's super computing cluster, Blue Vela, which is outfitted with NVIDIA H100 GPUs. This cluster provides a scalable and efficient infrastructure for training our models over thousands of GPUs.

Ethical Considerations and Limitations

The use of Large Language Models involves risks and ethical considerations people must be aware of, including but not limited to: bias and fairness, misinformation, and autonomous decision-making. Granite-3.0-2B-Base model is not the exception in this regard. Even though this model is suited for multiple generative AI tasks, it has not undergone any safety alignment, there it may produce problematic outputs. Additionally, it remains uncertain whether smaller models might exhibit increased susceptibility to hallucination in generation scenarios by copying text verbatim from the training dataset due to their reduced sizes and memorization capacities. This aspect is currently an active area of research, and we anticipate more rigorous exploration, comprehension, and mitigations in this domain. Regarding ethics, a latent risk associated with all Large Language Models is their malicious utilization. We urge the community to use Granite-3.0-2B-Base model with ethical intentions and in a responsible way.

Citation

@misc{granite-models,
  author = {author 1, author2, ...},
  title = {},
  journal = {},
  volume = {},
  year = {2024},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/0000.00000},
}