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---
language:
- en
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:80
- loss:CoSENTLoss
base_model: abdeljalilELmajjodi/model
widget:
- source_sentence: Two adults, one female in white, with shades and one male, gray
clothes, walking across a street, away from a eatery with a blurred image of a
dark colored red shirted person in the foreground.
sentences:
- Two people ride bicycles into a tunnel.
- There are people just getting on a train
- There are children present
- source_sentence: A man with blond-hair, and a brown shirt drinking out of a public
water fountain.
sentences:
- Some women are hugging on vacation.
- The family is sitting down for dinner.
- A blond man wearing a brown shirt is reading a book on a bench in the park
- source_sentence: Two women who just had lunch hugging and saying goodbye.
sentences:
- There are two woman in this picture.
- Two adults run across the street to get away from a red shirted person chasing
them.
- The woman is wearing black.
- source_sentence: A woman in a green jacket and hood over her head looking towards
a valley.
sentences:
- The woman is wearing green.
- A woman in white.
- A man is drinking juice.
- source_sentence: An older man sits with his orange juice at a small table in a coffee
shop while employees in bright colored shirts smile in the background.
sentences:
- They are protesting outside the capital.
- A couple are playing frisbee with a young child at the beach.
- A boy flips a burger.
datasets:
- sentence-transformers/all-nli
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
- pearson_cosine
- spearman_cosine
model-index:
- name: SentenceTransformer based on abdeljalilELmajjodi/model
results:
- task:
type: semantic-similarity
name: Semantic Similarity
dataset:
name: pair score evaluator dev
type: pair-score-evaluator-dev
metrics:
- type: pearson_cosine
value: -0.12381534704198764
name: Pearson Cosine
- type: spearman_cosine
value: -0.06398099132915955
name: Spearman Cosine
---
# SentenceTransformer based on abdeljalilELmajjodi/model
This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [abdeljalilELmajjodi/model](https://huggingface.co/abdeljalilELmajjodi/model) on the [all-nli](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/all-nli) dataset. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 1024-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.
## Model Details
### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [abdeljalilELmajjodi/model](https://huggingface.co/abdeljalilELmajjodi/model) <!-- at revision 284169e2c18b482372374a251b8dc1e1756416de -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 1024 dimensions
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
- **Training Dataset:**
- [all-nli](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/all-nli)
- **Language:** en
<!-- - **License:** Unknown -->
### Model Sources
- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)
### Full Model Architecture
```
SentenceTransformer(
(0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: XLMRobertaModel
(1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 1024, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
)
```
## Usage
### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)
First install the Sentence Transformers library:
```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```
Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("sentence_transformers_model_id")
# Run inference
sentences = [
'An older man sits with his orange juice at a small table in a coffee shop while employees in bright colored shirts smile in the background.',
'A boy flips a burger.',
'They are protesting outside the capital.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 1024]
# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```
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### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers)
You can finetune this model on your own dataset.
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>
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## Evaluation
### Metrics
#### Semantic Similarity
* Dataset: `pair-score-evaluator-dev`
* Evaluated with [<code>EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator)
| Metric | Value |
|:--------------------|:-----------|
| pearson_cosine | -0.1238 |
| **spearman_cosine** | **-0.064** |
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## Training Details
### Training Dataset
#### all-nli
* Dataset: [all-nli](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/all-nli) at [d482672](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/all-nli/tree/d482672c8e74ce18da116f430137434ba2e52fab)
* Size: 80 training samples
* Columns: <code>sentence1</code>, <code>sentence2</code>, and <code>score</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 80 samples:
| | sentence1 | sentence2 | score |
|:--------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------|
| type | string | string | float |
| details | <ul><li>min: 10 tokens</li><li>mean: 25.34 tokens</li><li>max: 52 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 5 tokens</li><li>mean: 12.2 tokens</li><li>max: 29 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 0.0</li><li>mean: 0.51</li><li>max: 1.0</li></ul> |
* Samples:
| sentence1 | sentence2 | score |
|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------|
| <code>Two adults, one female in white, with shades and one male, gray clothes, walking across a street, away from a eatery with a blurred image of a dark colored red shirted person in the foreground.</code> | <code>Some people board a train.</code> | <code>0.0</code> |
| <code>A few people in a restaurant setting, one of them is drinking orange juice.</code> | <code>The people are sitting at desks in school.</code> | <code>0.0</code> |
| <code>The school is having a special event in order to show the american culture on how other cultures are dealt with in parties.</code> | <code>A school hosts a basketball game.</code> | <code>0.0</code> |
* Loss: [<code>CoSENTLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#cosentloss) with these parameters:
```json
{
"scale": 20.0,
"similarity_fct": "pairwise_cos_sim"
}
```
### Evaluation Dataset
#### all-nli
* Dataset: [all-nli](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/all-nli) at [d482672](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/all-nli/tree/d482672c8e74ce18da116f430137434ba2e52fab)
* Size: 20 evaluation samples
* Columns: <code>sentence1</code>, <code>sentence2</code>, and <code>score</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 20 samples:
| | sentence1 | sentence2 | score |
|:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------|
| type | string | string | float |
| details | <ul><li>min: 10 tokens</li><li>mean: 27.3 tokens</li><li>max: 52 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 11.1 tokens</li><li>max: 21 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 0.0</li><li>mean: 0.5</li><li>max: 1.0</li></ul> |
* Samples:
| sentence1 | sentence2 | score |
|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------|
| <code>Woman in white in foreground and a man slightly behind walking with a sign for John's Pizza and Gyro in the background.</code> | <code>The woman is wearing black.</code> | <code>0.0</code> |
| <code>A couple play in the tide with their young son.</code> | <code>The family is sitting down for dinner.</code> | <code>0.0</code> |
| <code>A couple playing with a little boy on the beach.</code> | <code>A couple are playing frisbee with a young child at the beach.</code> | <code>0.5</code> |
* Loss: [<code>CoSENTLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#cosentloss) with these parameters:
```json
{
"scale": 20.0,
"similarity_fct": "pairwise_cos_sim"
}
```
### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.05
- `bf16`: True
- `fp16_full_eval`: True
- `load_best_model_at_end`: True
- `push_to_hub`: True
- `gradient_checkpointing`: True
#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>
- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 8
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 8
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 5e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.05
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: True
- `fp16`: False
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: True
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: True
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `tp_size`: 0
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: True
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: None
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: True
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `include_for_metrics`: []
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`:
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `use_liger_kernel`: False
- `eval_use_gather_object`: False
- `average_tokens_across_devices`: False
- `prompts`: None
- `batch_sampler`: batch_sampler
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional
</details>
### Training Logs
| Epoch | Step | Training Loss | Validation Loss | pair-score-evaluator-dev_spearman_cosine |
|:-------:|:------:|:-------------:|:---------------:|:----------------------------------------:|
| 0.1 | 1 | 3.0033 | - | - |
| 0.5 | 5 | 2.987 | - | - |
| **1.0** | **10** | **3.0908** | **2.6311** | **-0.064** |
* The bold row denotes the saved checkpoint.
### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.11.12
- Sentence Transformers: 4.1.0
- Transformers: 4.51.3
- PyTorch: 2.6.0+cu124
- Accelerate: 1.6.0
- Datasets: 3.6.0
- Tokenizers: 0.21.1
## Citation
### BibTeX
#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
month = "11",
year = "2019",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```
#### CoSENTLoss
```bibtex
@online{kexuefm-8847,
title={CoSENT: A more efficient sentence vector scheme than Sentence-BERT},
author={Su Jianlin},
year={2022},
month={Jan},
url={https://kexue.fm/archives/8847},
}
```
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