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| import os, sys, torch | |
| import gradio as gr | |
| import torchvision.utils as vutils | |
| import torchvision.transforms as transforms | |
| from dalle.models import StoryDalle | |
| import argparse | |
| from PIL import Image | |
| from torchvision.utils import save_image | |
| import tensorflow as tf | |
| import tensorflow_hub as hub | |
| import gdown | |
| from allennlp.predictors.predictor import Predictor | |
| import random | |
| torch.set_grad_enabled(False) | |
| tf.config.set_visible_devices([], 'GPU') # setting Tensorflow's GPU visibility to None to constraing embedding model to CPU | |
| source_frame_paths = { | |
| 'Pororo': '/playpen-ssd/adyasha/projects/StoryGAN/pororo_png/Pororo_ENGLISH1_2/Pororo_ENGLISH1_2_ep6/12.png', | |
| 'Loopy': '/playpen-ssd/adyasha/projects/StoryGAN/pororo_png/Pororo_ENGLISH1_1/Pororo_ENGLISH1_1_ep12/26.png', | |
| 'Crong': '/playpen-ssd/adyasha/projects/StoryGAN/pororo_png/Pororo_ENGLISH1_1/Pororo_ENGLISH1_1_ep12/10.png', | |
| 'Poby': '/playpen-ssd/adyasha/projects/StoryGAN/pororo_png/Pororo_ENGLISH1_1/Pororo_ENGLISH1_1_ep9/34.png', | |
| 'Eddy': '/playpen-ssd/adyasha/projects/StoryGAN/pororo_png/Pororo_ENGLISH1_1/Pororo_ENGLISH1_1_ep12/46.png', | |
| 'Petty': '/playpen-ssd/adyasha/projects/StoryGAN/pororo_png/Pororo_ENGLISH2_1/Pororo_ENGLISH2_1_ep1/34.png', | |
| 'Tongtong': '/playpen-ssd/adyasha/projects/StoryGAN/pororo_png/Pororo_ENGLISH3_1/Pororo_ENGLISH3_1_ep7/8.png', | |
| 'Rody': '/playpen-ssd/adyasha/projects/StoryGAN/pororo_png/Pororo_ENGLISH3_1/Pororo_ENGLISH3_1_ep6/66.png', | |
| 'Harry': '/playpen-ssd/adyasha/projects/StoryGAN/pororo_png/Pororo_ENGLISH3_1/Pororo_ENGLISH3_1_ep7/39.png', | |
| } | |
| def get_span_words(span, document): | |
| return ' '.join(document[span[0]:span[1]+1]) | |
| def print_clusters(prediction): | |
| document, clusters = prediction['document'], prediction['clusters'] | |
| for cluster in clusters: | |
| print(get_span_words(cluster[0], document) + ': ', end='') | |
| print(f"[{'; '.join([get_span_words(span, document) for span in cluster])}]") | |
| def resolve_coref(captions, captions_mask, coref_predictor): | |
| sent_counts = [] | |
| doc = '' | |
| for cap, mask in zip(captions, captions_mask): | |
| if mask == 0: | |
| sent_counts.append(0) | |
| else: | |
| print(cap) | |
| count = len([c.strip() for c in cap.split('.') if c.strip()]) | |
| sent_counts.append(count) | |
| doc += cap + ' ' | |
| # print(doc) | |
| doc = doc.strip() | |
| resolved_doc = coref_predictor.coref_resolved(doc) | |
| # print(resolved_doc) | |
| # print(sent_counts) | |
| sents = resolved_doc.split('. ') | |
| resolved_captions = [] | |
| for i, (count, mask) in enumerate(zip(sent_counts, captions_mask)): | |
| if mask == 0: | |
| resolved_captions.append('') | |
| else: | |
| new_cap = '. '.join(sents[sum(sent_counts[:i]):sum(sent_counts[:i]) + count]) | |
| new_cap = new_cap.strip() | |
| if new_cap[-1] not in ['!', '?', '.']: | |
| new_cap += '.' | |
| resolved_captions.append(new_cap) | |
| return resolved_captions | |
| def inverse_normalize(tensor, mean=(0.5, 0.5, 0.5), std=(0.5, 0.5, 0.5)): | |
| mean = torch.as_tensor(mean, dtype=tensor.dtype, device=tensor.device) | |
| std = torch.as_tensor(std, dtype=tensor.dtype, device=tensor.device) | |
| if mean.ndim == 1: | |
| mean = mean.view(-1, 1, 1) | |
| if std.ndim == 1: | |
| std = std.view(-1, 1, 1) | |
| tensor.mul_(std).add_(mean) | |
| return tensor | |
| def save_story_results(images, video_len=4, n_candidates=1, mask=None): | |
| # print("Generated Images shape: ", images.shape) | |
| if mask is None: | |
| mask = [1 for _ in range(len(video_len))] | |
| all_images = [] | |
| for i in range(len(images)): # batch size = 1 | |
| for j in range(n_candidates): | |
| story = [] | |
| for k, m in enumerate(mask): | |
| if m == 1: | |
| story.append(images[i][j][k]) | |
| all_images.append(vutils.make_grid(story, sum(mask), padding=0)) | |
| all_images = vutils.make_grid(all_images, 1, padding=20) | |
| print(all_images) | |
| pad_len = video_len - sum(mask) | |
| if pad_len > 0: | |
| pad_height = 256 * n_candidates + 20 * (n_candidates + 1) | |
| pad_width = 256 * pad_len + 20 * (pad_len) | |
| pad_image = torch.ones(3, pad_height, pad_width) | |
| print(all_images.shape, pad_image.shape) | |
| all_images = torch.cat([all_images[:, :, :-15], pad_image], dim=-1) | |
| print(all_images.shape) | |
| return all_images[:, 15:-15, 15:-15] | |
| def main(args): | |
| #device = 'cuda:0' | |
| device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu') | |
| # device = torch.device('cpu') | |
| model_url = 'https://drive.google.com/u/1/uc?id=1KAXVtE8lEE2Yc83VY7w6ycOOMkdWbmJo&export=sharing' | |
| #model_url = 'https://drive.google.com/u/1/uc?id=1lJ6zMZ6qTvFu6H35-VEdFlN13MMslivJ&export=download' | |
| png_url = 'https://drive.google.com/u/1/uc?id=1C33A1IzSHDPoQ4QBsgFWbF61QWaAxRo_&export=download' | |
| #if not os.path.exists("./ckpt/25.pth"): | |
| gdown.download(model_url, quiet=False, use_cookies=False, output="./ckpt/25.pth") | |
| # print("Downloaded checkpoint") | |
| #assert os.path.exists("./ckpt/25.pth") | |
| gdown.download(png_url, quiet=True, use_cookies=False, output="demo_pororo_good.png") | |
| coref_model_url = 'https://storage.googleapis.com/allennlp-public-models/coref-spanbert-large-2020.02.27.tar.gz' | |
| coref_predictor = Predictor.from_path(coref_model_url) | |
| if args.debug: | |
| model = None | |
| embed = None | |
| else: | |
| model, config = StoryDalle.from_pretrained(args) | |
| model.tokenizer.add_tokens(['pororo', 'loopy', 'eddy', 'harry', 'poby', 'tongtong', 'crong', 'rody', 'petty']) | |
| model.eval() | |
| # split_model into CPU and GPU | |
| if args.split_memory: | |
| model.stage2.to(device=device) | |
| model.story_linear.to(device=device) | |
| model.story_block.to(device=device) | |
| else: | |
| model.to(device=device) | |
| if model.config.story.condition: | |
| for i in range(len(model.cross_attention_layers)): | |
| model.cross_attention_layers[i].to(device) | |
| print("Cross-attention layers are in cuda:", next(model.cross_attention_layers[0].parameters()).is_cuda) | |
| embed = hub.load("https://tfhub.dev/google/universal-sentence-encoder-large/5") | |
| valid_transform = transforms.Compose( | |
| [transforms.Resize(config.dataset.image_resolution), | |
| transforms.CenterCrop(config.dataset.image_resolution), | |
| transforms.ToTensor(), | |
| transforms.Normalize([0.5, 0.5, 0.5], [0.5, 0.5, 0.5])] | |
| ) | |
| print("Model is in ", model.device) | |
| #torch.save(model, './ckpt/checkpoint.pt') | |
| #sys.exit() | |
| def predict(caption_1, caption_2, caption_3, caption_4, source='Pororo', top_k=32, top_p=0.2, n_candidates=4, | |
| supercondition=False): | |
| if not args.debug: | |
| suffix = random.randint(0, 1000) | |
| img_file_path = "./demo/images/gradio_demo_pororo_%s.png" % suffix | |
| txt_file_path = "./demo/texts/gradio_demo_pororo_%s.txt" % suffix | |
| captions = [caption_1.strip(), caption_2.strip(), caption_3.strip(), caption_4.strip()] | |
| for i in range(len(captions)): | |
| if captions[i][-1] not in ['!', '?', '.']: | |
| captions[i] = captions[i] + '.' | |
| mask = [1 if caption != '' else 0 for caption in captions] | |
| with open(txt_file_path, 'w') as f: | |
| f.write('\n'.join(captions)) | |
| print(captions, mask, source, n_candidates) | |
| captions = resolve_coref(captions, mask, coref_predictor) | |
| print(captions) | |
| for i, caption in enumerate(captions): | |
| if caption == "": | |
| captions[i] = "Pororo is reading a book." # filler for shorter captions | |
| tokens = [model.tokenizer.encode(caption) for caption in captions] | |
| texts = torch.stack([torch.LongTensor(token.ids) for token in tokens]).unsqueeze(0) | |
| sent_embeds = torch.tensor(embed(captions).numpy()) | |
| src_image = valid_transform(Image.open('./demo/%s.png' % source).convert('RGB')) | |
| stories = [] | |
| with torch.no_grad(): | |
| for i in range(texts.shape[0]): | |
| candidates = [] | |
| # for _ in range(n_candidates): | |
| # if args.split_memory: # if splitting model into CPU/GPU, send src_image from CPU memory | |
| # pixels = model.sampling_batch(texts[i].to(device), src_image.unsqueeze(0), | |
| # sent_embeds.unsqueeze(0).to(device), top_k=top_k, top_p=top_p, | |
| # prompt=None, n_candidates=1, device=device).cpu() | |
| # else: | |
| # pixels = model.sampling_batch(texts[i].to(device), src_image.unsqueeze(0).to(device), | |
| # sent_embeds.unsqueeze(0).to(device), top_k=top_k, top_p=top_p, | |
| # prompt=None, n_candidates=1).cpu() | |
| # print(pixels.shape) | |
| # candidates.append(pixels.squeeze()) | |
| # stories.append(torch.stack(candidates)) | |
| #with torch.cuda.amp.autocast(): | |
| pixels = model.sampling_batch(texts[i].to(device), src_image.unsqueeze(0).to(device), | |
| sent_embeds.unsqueeze(0).to(device), top_k=top_k, top_p=top_p, | |
| prompt=None, n_candidates=n_candidates).cpu() | |
| stories.append(pixels) | |
| img = save_story_results(stories, video_len=4, n_candidates=n_candidates, mask=mask) | |
| save_image(img, img_file_path, normalize=True) | |
| else: | |
| img_file_path = "gradio_demo_pororo.png" | |
| return img_file_path | |
| with gr.Blocks(css='#output {width:750px; height:750px; float:left;}') as demo: | |
| gr.Markdown(''' | |
| <p style="text-align: center;font-size:40px;"><b>StoryDALL-E: Adapting Pretrained Text-to-Image Transformers for Story Continuation</b><br><font size="6">Adyasha Maharana, Darryl Hannan and Mohit Bansal (UNC Chapel Hill)<br>Published at <b>ECCV 2022</b></font></p> | |
| StoryDALL-E \[1\] is a model trained for the task of Story Visualization \[2\]. | |
| The model receives a sequence of captions as input and generates a corresponding sequence of images which form a visual story depicting the narrative in the captions. | |
| We modify this task to enable the model to receive an initial scene as input, which can be used as a cue for the setting of the story and also for generating unseen or low-resource visual elements. We refer to this task as Story Continuation \[1\]. | |
| StoryDALL-E is based on the [dalle](https://github.com/kakaobrain/minDALL-E) model. | |
| **This model has been developed for academic purposes only.** | |
| \[[Paper](http://arxiv.org/abs/2209.06192)\] \[[Code](https://github.com/adymaharana/storydalle)\] \[[Model Card](https://github.com/adymaharana/storydalle/blob/main/MODEL_CARD.MD)\] | |
| ### Dataset | |
| This model has been trained using the Pororo story visualization dataset \[1\]. | |
| The data was adapted from the popular cartoon series *Pororo the Little Penguin* and originally released by \[2\]. | |
| The Pororo dataset contains 9 recurring characters, as shown below, in the decreasing order of their frequency in the training data. | |
| <p align="center"> | |
| <img src="file/pororo_characters.png" width="800"> | |
| </p> | |
| The training dataset contains nearly 10,000 samples in the training set. Most of the scenes occur in a snowy village, surrounded by hills, trees and houses. A few episodes are located in gardens or water bodies. All the captions are in the English language and predominantly contain verbs in the present tense. Additionally, the training of this model starts from the pretrained checkpoint of mega-dalle, which is trained on the Conceptual Captions dataset. | |
| ### Intended Use | |
| This model is intended for generating visual stories containing the 9 characters in the Pororo dataset. This version of the StoryDALL-E model is reasonable at the following scenarios: | |
| * Frames containing a single character. | |
| * Overtly visual actions such as *making cookies*, *walking*, *reading a book*, *sitting*. | |
| * Scenes taking place in snowy settings, indoors and gardens. | |
| * Visual stories contaning 1-3 characters across all frames. | |
| * Scene transitions e.g. from day to night. | |
| * Moderately capable of generating semantic concepts that do not appear in the story continuation dataset, such as *doughnut* and *lion*. | |
| Here are some examples of generated visual stories for the above-mentioned settings. | |
| <p align="center"> | |
| <img src="file/demo_pororo_good_v1.png" width="1000"> | |
| </p> | |
| Due to the small training dataset size for story visualization, the model has poor generalization to some unseen settings. The model struggles to generate coherent images in the following scenarios. | |
| * Multiple characters in a frame. | |
| * Non-visual actions such as *compliment*. | |
| * Characters that are infrequent in the training dataset e.g. Rody, Harry. | |
| * Background locations that are not found in the cartoon e.g. a busy city. | |
| * Color-based descriptions for object. | |
| * Completely new characters based on textual descriptions. | |
| In the following demo, four or less captions can be entered in the `caption` text fields for the visual story. | |
| Select a `source` frame based on the character that is predominant in your visual story. | |
| `top_k` refers to the number of highest probability vocabulary tokens to keep for top-k-filtering. | |
| Only the most probable tokens with probabilities that add up to `top_p` or higher are kept for generation. | |
| Set `supercondition` to True to enable generation using a null hypothesis. | |
| Select between 1-4 `n_candidates` to generate a diverse set of stories for the given captions. | |
| <br><br> | |
| Feel free to send feedback to [email protected]. | |
| ''') | |
| with gr.Row(): | |
| with gr.Column(): | |
| caption_1 = gr.Textbox(label="Caption 1", value='Pororo is reading a book.') | |
| caption_2 = gr.Textbox(label="Caption 2", value='Pororo is sleeping on the couch.') | |
| caption_3 = gr.Textbox(label="Caption 3", value='Pororo wakes up in the middle of the night in his bed.') | |
| caption_4 = gr.Textbox(label="Caption 4", value='Pororo is in his bedroom and looks terrified.') | |
| source = gr.Radio(["Pororo", "Loopy", "Crong", "Poby", "Eddy", "Petty", "Tongtong", "Rody", "Harry"], | |
| label="Source", value="Pororo") | |
| top_k = gr.Slider(16, 128, label="top_k", value=32) | |
| top_p = gr.Slider(0.01, 1.0, label="top_p", value=0.2) | |
| supercondition = gr.Checkbox(value=False, label='supercondition') | |
| n_candidates = gr.Dropdown([1, 2, 3, 4], value=4, label='n_candidates') | |
| with gr.Row(): | |
| # clear_btn = gr.Button("Clear") | |
| submit_btn = gr.Button("Submit") | |
| with gr.Column(): | |
| with gr.Row(): | |
| frame_1_label = gr.Button("Frame 1") | |
| frame_2_label = gr.Button("Frame 2") | |
| frame_3_label = gr.Button("Frame 3") | |
| frame_4_label = gr.Button("Frame 4") | |
| # frame_1_label = gr.Label("Frame 1") | |
| # frame_2_label = gr.Label("Frame 2") | |
| # frame_3_label = gr.Label("Frame 3") | |
| # frame_4_label = gr.Label("Frame 4") | |
| output = gr.Image(label="", elem_id='output') | |
| submit_btn.click(fn=predict, | |
| inputs=[caption_1, caption_2, caption_3, caption_4, source, top_k, top_p, n_candidates, | |
| supercondition], outputs=output) | |
| gr.Markdown(''' | |
| ### References | |
| \[1\] Maharana, Adyasha, et al. "StoryDALL-E: Adapting Pretrained Text-to-Image Transformers for Story Continuation." ECCV. 2022. | |
| \[2\] Li, Yitong, et al. "Storygan: A sequential conditional gan for story visualization." Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 2019. | |
| \[3\] Kim, Kyung-Min, et al. "DeepStory: video story QA by deep embedded memory networks." Proceedings of the 26th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 2017. | |
| \[4\] Sharma, Piyush, et al. "Conceptual captions: A cleaned, hypernymed, image alt-text dataset for automatic image captioning." Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2018. | |
| ''') | |
| demo.launch(share=False) | |
| if __name__ == "__main__": | |
| args_list = ['--model_name_or_path', './ckpt/25.pth', | |
| '--prefix_model_name_or_path', './1.3B/', | |
| '--dataset_name', 'pororo', | |
| '--tuning_mode', 'story', | |
| '--preseqlen', '32', | |
| '--condition', | |
| '--story_len', '4', | |
| '--sent_embed', '512', | |
| '--prefix_dropout', '0.2', | |
| '--data_dir', '/playpen-ssd/adyasha/projects/StoryGAN/pororo_png/', | |
| '--dataloader_num_workers', '1', | |
| '--do_eval', | |
| '--per_gpu_eval_batch_size', '16', | |
| '--mode', 'story'] | |
| parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='arguments for training/evaluating prefix-tuning DALLE') | |
| # Model Arguments | |
| parser.add_argument('--model_name_or_path', type=str, default=None, | |
| help='The model checkpoint for weights initialization.') | |
| parser.add_argument('--prefix_model_name_or_path', type=str, default=None, | |
| help='The prefix model checkpoint for weights initialization.') | |
| parser.add_argument('--prefix_mode', type=str, default='activation', help='activation or embedding') | |
| parser.add_argument('--preseqlen', type=int, default=0, help='how many tokens of prefix should we include.') | |
| parser.add_argument('--optim_prefix', action="store_true", | |
| help='set to True if optimizing prefix directly; no if through amortized function') | |
| parser.add_argument('--tuning_mode', type=str, default='prefixtune', help='prefixtune or finetune') | |
| parser.add_argument('--top_k_layers', type=int, default=2, | |
| help='In finetuning setting, if we only tune the top k layers.') | |
| parser.add_argument('--parameterize_mode', type=str, default='mlp', | |
| help="mlp or emb to parametrize when we optimize for the embeddings.") | |
| parser.add_argument('--prefix_dropout', type=float, default=0.0, help='dropout rate for the prefix tuning model.') | |
| parser.add_argument('--teacher_dropout', type=float, default=0.0, help='dropout rate for the teacher model.') | |
| parser.add_argument('--init_random', action="store_true", help="set True if initializing random embeddings") | |
| parser.add_argument('--init_shallow', action="store_true", help="set True if not using reparameterization") | |
| parser.add_argument('--init_shallow_word', type=bool, default=False, | |
| help="set True if init_shallow and specify words") | |
| parser.add_argument('--replay_buffer', action="store_true", help="set True if using replay buffer in training") | |
| parser.add_argument('--gumbel', action="store_true", help="set True if using the gumbel softmax in training") | |
| parser.add_argument('--hidden_dim_prefix', type=float, default=512, help="hidden dim of MLP for generating prefix?") | |
| # Data Arguments | |
| parser.add_argument('--dataset_name', type=str, default='pororo', help="dataset name") | |
| parser.add_argument('--data_dir', type=str, default=None, help="Path to data directory") | |
| parser.add_argument('--lowdata_token', type=str, default='story', | |
| help="The token to be prepended at initialization time.") | |
| parser.add_argument('--use_lowdata_token', type=bool, default=True, | |
| help="Whether we should use the lowdata token for prefix-tuning") | |
| parser.add_argument('--train_embeddings', action="store_true", help="Whether to train word embeddings") | |
| parser.add_argument('--train_max_target_length', type=int, default=100, | |
| help='the max target length for training data.') | |
| parser.add_argument('--val_max_target_length', type=int, default=100, help='the max target length for dev data.') | |
| parser.add_argument('--dataloader_num_workers', type=int, default=8, help='number of workers when loading data') | |
| # new arguments for story | |
| parser.add_argument('--prompt', action="store_true", help="set True if using prompts in StoryDALLE") | |
| parser.add_argument('--story_len', type=int, default=4, help='the max target length for dev data.') | |
| parser.add_argument('--sent_embed', type=int, default=384, help='the max target length for dev data.') | |
| parser.add_argument('--condition', action="store_true", help="set True if using prompts in StoryDALLE") | |
| parser.add_argument('--clip_embed', action="store_true", help="set True if using prompts in StoryDALLE") | |
| # Training Arguments | |
| parser.add_argument('--output_dir', type=str, default=None, help="Path to data directory") | |
| parser.add_argument("--do_train", action="store_true", help="Whether to run training.") | |
| parser.add_argument("--do_eval", action="store_true", help="Whether to run evaluation.") | |
| parser.add_argument("--do_test", action="store_true", help="Whether to run test.") | |
| parser.add_argument('--seed', type=int, default=42, help='seed for reproducibility') | |
| parser.add_argument("--overwrite_output_dir", action="store_true", help="Whether to overwrite output dir.") | |
| parser.add_argument("--per_gpu_train_batch_size", default=8, type=int, help="Batch size per GPU/CPU for training.") | |
| parser.add_argument( | |
| "--per_gpu_eval_batch_size", default=8, type=int, help="Batch size per GPU/CPU for evaluation." | |
| ) | |
| parser.add_argument( | |
| "--gradient_accumulation_steps", | |
| type=int, | |
| default=1, | |
| help="Number of updates steps to accumulate before performing a backward/update pass.", | |
| ) | |
| parser.add_argument('--mode', type=str, default='val', help="mval or test.") | |
| parser.add_argument("--learning_rate", default=5e-5, type=float, help="The initial learning rate for Adam.") | |
| parser.add_argument("--weight_decay", default=0.0, type=float, help="Weight deay if we apply some.") | |
| parser.add_argument("--adam_epsilon", default=1e-8, type=float, help="Epsilon for Adam optimizer.") | |
| parser.add_argument("--max_grad_norm", default=1.0, type=float, help="Max gradient norm.") | |
| parser.add_argument( | |
| "--num_train_epochs", default=3, type=int, help="Total number of training epochs to perform." | |
| ) | |
| parser.add_argument( | |
| "--max_steps", | |
| default=-1, | |
| type=int, | |
| help="If > 0: set total number of training steps to perform. Override num_train_epochs.", | |
| ) | |
| parser.add_argument("--warmup_steps", default=0, type=int, help="Linear warmup over warmup_steps.") | |
| parser.add_argument("--logging_steps", type=int, default=50, help="Log every X updates steps.") | |
| parser.add_argument("--save_steps", type=int, default=50, help="Save checkpoint every X updates steps.") | |
| parser.add_argument( | |
| "--eval_all_checkpoints", | |
| action="store_true", | |
| help="Evaluate all checkpoints starting with the same prefix as model_name ending and ending with step number", | |
| ) | |
| parser.add_argument("--no_cuda", action="store_true", help="Avoid using CUDA when available") | |
| parser.add_argument("--local_rank", type=int, default=-1, help="For distributed training: local_rank") | |
| parser.add_argument( | |
| "--fp16", | |
| action="store_true", | |
| help="Whether to use 16-bit (mixed) precision (through NVIDIA apex) instead of 32-bit", | |
| ) | |
| parser.add_argument("--debug", action="store_true", help="Whether to debug the demo.") | |
| parser.add_argument("--split_memory", action="store_true", help="Whether to split the model into GPU & CPU in the demo.") | |
| args = parser.parse_args(args_list) | |
| main(args) | |