agent.py

# agent.py

import os
import re
import json
import logging
import traceback
from functools import lru_cache
from typing import List, Dict, Any, Optional, TypedDict

import requests
from langchain_groq import ChatGroq
from langchain_community.tools.tavily_search import TavilySearchResults
from langchain_core.messages import HumanMessage, SystemMessage, AIMessage, ToolMessage
from langchain_core.pydantic_v1 import BaseModel, Field
from langchain_core.tools import tool
from langgraph.prebuilt import ToolExecutor
from langgraph.graph import StateGraph, END

# ── Logging Configuration ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)

# ── Environment Variables ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
UMLS_API_KEY   = os.getenv("UMLS_API_KEY")
GROQ_API_KEY   = os.getenv("GROQ_API_KEY")
TAVILY_API_KEY = os.getenv("TAVILY_API_KEY")

if not all([UMLS_API_KEY, GROQ_API_KEY, TAVILY_API_KEY]):
    logger.error("Missing one or more required API keys: UMLS_API_KEY, GROQ_API_KEY, TAVILY_API_KEY")
    raise RuntimeError("Missing required API keys")

# ── Agent Configuration ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
AGENT_MODEL_NAME   = "llama3-70b-8192"
AGENT_TEMPERATURE  = 0.1
MAX_SEARCH_RESULTS = 3

class ClinicalPrompts:
    SYSTEM_PROMPT = """
    You are SynapseAI, an expert AI clinical assistant engaged in an interactive consultation...
    [SYSTEM PROMPT CONTENT HERE]
    """

# ── Helper Functions ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
UMLS_AUTH_ENDPOINT  = "https://utslogin.nlm.nih.gov/cas/v1/api-key"
RXNORM_API_BASE     = "https://rxnav.nlm.nih.gov/REST"
OPENFDA_API_BASE    = "https://api.fda.gov/drug/label.json"

@lru_cache(maxsize=256)
def get_rxcui(drug_name: str) -> Optional[str]:
    """Lookup RxNorm CUI for a given drug name."""
    drug_name = (drug_name or "").strip()
    if not drug_name:
        return None
    logger.info(f"Looking up RxCUI for '{drug_name}'")
    try:
        # First attempt
        params = {"name": drug_name, "search": 1}
        r = requests.get(f"{RXNORM_API_BASE}/rxcui.json", params=params, timeout=10)
        r.raise_for_status()
        ids = r.json().get("idGroup", {}).get("rxnormId")
        if ids:
            logger.info(f"Found RxCUI {ids[0]} for '{drug_name}'")
            return ids[0]
        # Fallback search
        r = requests.get(f"{RXNORM_API_BASE}/drugs.json", params={"name": drug_name}, timeout=10)
        r.raise_for_status()
        for grp in r.json().get("drugGroup", {}).get("conceptGroup", []):
            props = grp.get("conceptProperties")
            if props:
                logger.info(f"Found RxCUI {props[0]['rxcui']} via /drugs for '{drug_name}'")
                return props[0]["rxcui"]
    except Exception:
        logger.exception(f"Error fetching RxCUI for '{drug_name}'")
    return None

@lru_cache(maxsize=128)
def get_openfda_label(rxcui: Optional[str] = None, drug_name: Optional[str] = None) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
    """Fetch the OpenFDA label for a drug by RxCUI or name."""
    if not (rxcui or drug_name):
        return None
    terms = []
    if rxcui:
        terms.append(f'spl_rxnorm_code:"{rxcui}" OR openfda.rxcui:"{rxcui}"')
    if drug_name:
        dn = drug_name.lower()
        terms.append(f'(openfda.brand_name:"{dn}" OR openfda.generic_name:"{dn}")')
    query = " OR ".join(terms)
    logger.info(f"Looking up OpenFDA label with query: {query}")
    try:
        r = requests.get(OPENFDA_API_BASE, params={"search": query, "limit": 1}, timeout=15)
        r.raise_for_status()
        results = r.json().get("results", [])
        if results:
            return results[0]
    except Exception:
        logger.exception("Error fetching OpenFDA label")
    return None

def search_text_list(texts: List[str], terms: List[str]) -> List[str]:
    """Return highlighted snippets from a list of texts containing any of the search terms."""
    snippets = []
    lowers = [t.lower() for t in terms if t]
    for text in texts or []:
        tl = text.lower()
        for term in lowers:
            if term in tl:
                i = tl.find(term)
                start = max(0, i - 50)
                end   = min(len(text), i + len(term) + 100)
                snippet = text[start:end]
                snippet = re.sub(f"({re.escape(term)})", r"**\1**", snippet, flags=re.IGNORECASE)
                snippets.append(f"...{snippet}...")
                break
    return snippets

def parse_bp(bp: str) -> Optional[tuple[int, int]]:
    """Parse 'SYS/DIA' blood pressure string into a (sys, dia) tuple."""
    if m := re.match(r"(\d{1,3})\s*/\s*(\d{1,3})", (bp or "").strip()):
        return int(m.group(1)), int(m.group(2))
    return None

def check_red_flags(patient_data: Dict[str, Any]) -> List[str]:
    """Identify immediate red flags from patient_data."""
    flags: List[str] = []
    hpi    = patient_data.get("hpi", {})
    vitals = patient_data.get("vitals", {})
    syms   = [s.lower() for s in hpi.get("symptoms", []) if isinstance(s, str)]

    # Symptom-based flags
    mapping = {
        "chest pain": "Chest pain reported",
        "shortness of breath": "Shortness of breath reported",
        "severe headache": "Severe headache reported",
        "syncope": "Syncope reported",
        "hemoptysis": "Hemoptysis reported"
    }
    for term, desc in mapping.items():
        if term in syms:
            flags.append(f"Red Flag: {desc}.")

    # Vitals-based flags
    temp = vitals.get("temp_c")
    hr   = vitals.get("hr_bpm")
    rr   = vitals.get("rr_rpm")
    spo2 = vitals.get("spo2_percent")
    bp   = parse_bp(vitals.get("bp_mmhg", ""))

    if temp is not None and temp >= 38.5:
        flags.append(f"Red Flag: Fever ({temp}°C).")
    if hr is not None:
        if hr >= 120:
            flags.append(f"Red Flag: Tachycardia ({hr} bpm).")
        if hr <= 50:
            flags.append(f"Red Flag: Bradycardia ({hr} bpm).")
    if rr is not None and rr >= 24:
        flags.append(f"Red Flag: Tachypnea ({rr} rpm).")
    if spo2 is not None and spo2 <= 92:
        flags.append(f"Red Flag: Hypoxia ({spo2}%).")
    if bp:
        sys, dia = bp
        if sys >= 180 or dia >= 110:
            flags.append(f"Red Flag: Hypertensive urgency/emergency ({sys}/{dia} mmHg).")
        if sys <= 90 or dia <= 60:
            flags.append(f"Red Flag: Hypotension ({sys}/{dia} mmHg).")

    return list(dict.fromkeys(flags))  # dedupe, preserve order

def format_patient_data_for_prompt(data: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
    """Format patient_data dict into a markdown-like prompt section."""
    if not data:
        return "No patient data provided."
    lines: List[str] = []
    for section, value in data.items():
        title = section.replace("_", " ").title()
        if isinstance(value, dict) and any(value.values()):
            lines.append(f"**{title}:**")
            for k, v in value.items():
                if v:
                    lines.append(f"- {k.replace('_',' ').title()}: {v}")
        elif isinstance(value, list) and value:
            lines.append(f"**{title}:** {', '.join(map(str, value))}")
        elif value:
            lines.append(f"**{title}:** {value}")
    return "\n".join(lines)

# ── Tool Input Schemas ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
class LabOrderInput(BaseModel):
    test_name: str = Field(...)
    reason: str    = Field(...)
    priority: str  = Field("Routine")

class PrescriptionInput(BaseModel):
    medication_name: str          = Field(...)
    dosage: str                   = Field(...)
    route: str                    = Field(...)
    frequency: str                = Field(...)
    duration: str                 = Field("As directed")
    reason: str                   = Field(...)

class InteractionCheckInput(BaseModel):
    potential_prescription: str
    current_medications: Optional[List[str]] = Field(None)
    allergies: Optional[List[str]]             = Field(None)

class FlagRiskInput(BaseModel):
    risk_description: str = Field(...)
    urgency: str          = Field("High")

# ── Tool Implementations ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@tool("order_lab_test", args_schema=LabOrderInput)
def order_lab_test(test_name: str, reason: str, priority: str = "Routine") -> str:
    """Place an order for a laboratory test."""
    logger.info(f"Ordering lab test: {test_name}, reason: {reason}, priority: {priority}")
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success",
        "message": f"Lab Ordered: {test_name} ({priority})",
        "details": f"Reason: {reason}"
    })

@tool("prescribe_medication", args_schema=PrescriptionInput)
def prescribe_medication(
    medication_name: str,
    dosage: str,
    route: str,
    frequency: str,
    duration: str,
    reason: str
) -> str:
    """Prepare a medication prescription."""
    logger.info(f"Preparing prescription: {medication_name} {dosage}, route: {route}, freq: {frequency}")
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success",
        "message": f"Prescription Prepared: {medication_name} {dosage} {route} {frequency}",
        "details": f"Duration: {duration}. Reason: {reason}"
    })

@tool("check_drug_interactions", args_schema=InteractionCheckInput)
def check_drug_interactions(
    potential_prescription: str,
    current_medications: Optional[List[str]] = None,
    allergies: Optional[List[str]] = None
) -> str:
    """Check for drug–drug interactions and allergy risks."""
    logger.info(f"Checking interactions for: {potential_prescription}")
    warnings: List[str] = []
    pm = [m.lower().strip() for m in (current_medications or []) if m]
    al = [a.lower().strip() for a in (allergies or []) if a]

    # Allergy exact match
    if potential_prescription.lower().strip() in al:
        warnings.append(f"CRITICAL ALLERGY: Patient allergic to '{potential_prescription}'.")

    # Identify drug via RxNorm/OpenFDA
    rxcui = get_rxcui(potential_prescription)
    label = get_openfda_label(rxcui=rxcui, drug_name=potential_prescription)
    if not (rxcui or label):
        warnings.append(f"INFO: Could not identify '{potential_prescription}'. Checks may be incomplete.")

    # Contraindications & warnings sections
    for section in ("contraindications", "warnings_and_cautions", "warnings"):
        items = label.get(section) if label else None
        if isinstance(items, list):
            snippets = search_text_list(items, al)
            if snippets:
                warnings.append(f"ALLERGY RISK ({section}): {'; '.join(snippets)}")

    # Drug–drug interactions
    for med in pm:
        mrxcui = get_rxcui(med)
        mlabel = get_openfda_label(rxcui=mrxcui, drug_name=med)
        for sec in ("drug_interactions",):
            for src_label, src_name in ((label, potential_prescription), (mlabel, med)):
                items = src_label.get(sec) if src_label else None
                if isinstance(items, list):
                    snippets = search_text_list(items, [med if src_name == potential_prescription else potential_prescription])
                    if snippets:
                        warnings.append(f"Interaction ({src_name} label): {'; '.join(snippets)}")

    status  = "warning" if warnings else "clear"
    message = (
        f"{len(warnings)} issue(s) found for '{potential_prescription}'."
        if warnings else
        f"No major interactions or allergy issues identified for '{potential_prescription}'."
    )
    return json.dumps({"status": status, "message": message, "warnings": warnings})

@tool("flag_risk", args_schema=FlagRiskInput)
def flag_risk(risk_description: str, urgency: str = "High") -> str:
    """Flag a clinical risk with given urgency."""
    logger.info(f"Flagging risk: {risk_description} (urgency={urgency})")
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "flagged",
        "message": f"Risk '{risk_description}' flagged with {urgency} urgency."
    })

# Include the Tavily search tool
search_tool = TavilySearchResults(max_results=MAX_SEARCH_RESULTS, name="tavily_search_results")
all_tools   = [order_lab_test, prescribe_medication, check_drug_interactions, flag_risk, search_tool]

# ── LLM & Tool Executor ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
llm              = ChatGroq(temperature=AGENT_TEMPERATURE, model=AGENT_MODEL_NAME)
model_with_tools = llm.bind_tools(all_tools)
tool_executor    = ToolExecutor(all_tools)

# ── State Definition ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
class AgentState(TypedDict):
    messages: List[Any]
    patient_data: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]
    summary: Optional[str]
    interaction_warnings: Optional[List[str]]

# ── Graph Nodes ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def agent_node(state: AgentState) -> Dict[str, Any]:
    msgs = state["messages"]
    if not msgs or not isinstance(msgs[0], SystemMessage):
        msgs = [SystemMessage(content=ClinicalPrompts.SYSTEM_PROMPT)] + msgs
    logger.info(f"Invoking LLM with {len(msgs)} messages")
    try:
        response = model_with_tools.invoke(msgs)
        return {"messages": [response]}
    except Exception as e:
        logger.exception("Error in agent_node")
        return {"messages": [AIMessage(content=f"Error: {e}")]} 

def tool_node(state: AgentState) -> Dict[str, Any]:
    last = state["messages"][-1]
    if not isinstance(last, AIMessage) or not getattr(last, "tool_calls", None):
        logger.warning("tool_node invoked without pending tool_calls")
        return {"messages": [], "interaction_warnings": None}

    calls = last.tool_calls
    blocked_ids = set()
    for call in calls:
        if call["name"] == "prescribe_medication":
            med = call["args"].get("medication_name", "").lower()
            if not any(
                c["name"] == "check_drug_interactions" and
                c["args"].get("potential_prescription","").lower() == med
                for c in calls
            ):
                logger.warning(f"Blocking prescribe_medication for '{med}' without interaction check")
                blocked_ids.add(call["id"])

    to_execute = [c for c in calls if c["id"] not in blocked_ids]
    pd = state.get("patient_data", {})
    for call in to_execute:
        if call["name"] == "check_drug_interactions":
            call["args"].setdefault("current_medications", pd.get("medications", {}).get("current", []))
            call["args"].setdefault("allergies", pd.get("allergies", []))

    messages: List[ToolMessage] = []
    warnings: List[str]     = []
    try:
        responses = tool_executor.batch(to_execute, return_exceptions=True)
        for call, resp in zip(to_execute, responses):
            if isinstance(resp, Exception):
                logger.exception(f"Error executing tool {call['name']}")
                content = json.dumps({"status": "error", "message": str(resp)})
            else:
                content = str(resp)
                if call["name"] == "check_drug_interactions":
                    data = json.loads(content)
                    if data.get("status") == "warning":
                        warnings.extend(data.get("warnings", []))
            messages.append(ToolMessage(content=content, tool_call_id=call["id"], name=call["name"]))
    except Exception as e:
        logger.exception("Critical error in tool_node")
        for call in to_execute:
            messages.append(ToolMessage(
                content=json.dumps({"status": "error", "message": str(e)}),
                tool_call_id=call["id"],
                name=call["name"]
            ))
    return {"messages": messages, "interaction_warnings": warnings or None}

def reflection_node(state: AgentState) -> Dict[str, Any]:
    warns = state.get("interaction_warnings")
    if not warns:
        logger.warning("reflection_node called without warnings")
        return {"messages": [], "interaction_warnings": None}

    triggering = None
    for msg in reversed(state["messages"]):
        if isinstance(msg, AIMessage) and getattr(msg, "tool_calls", None):
            triggering = msg
            break

    if not triggering:
        return {"messages": [AIMessage(content="Internal Error: reflection context missing.")], "interaction_warnings": None}

    prompt = (
        "You are SynapseAI, performing a focused safety review of the following plan:\n\n"
        f"{triggering.content}\n\n"
        "Highlight any issues based on these warnings:\n" +
        "\n".join(f"- {w}" for w in warns)
    )
    try:
        resp = llm.invoke([SystemMessage(content="Safety reflection"), HumanMessage(content=prompt)])
        return {"messages": [AIMessage(content=resp.content)], "interaction_warnings": None}
    except Exception as e:
        logger.exception("Error during reflection")
        return {"messages": [AIMessage(content=f"Error during reflection: {e}")], "interaction_warnings": None}

# ── Routing Functions ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def should_continue(state: AgentState) -> str:
    last = state["messages"][-1] if state["messages"] else None
    if not isinstance(last, AIMessage):
        return "end_conversation_turn"
    if getattr(last, "tool_calls", None):
        return "continue_tools"
    return "end_conversation_turn"

def after_tools_router(state: AgentState) -> str:
    return "reflection" if state.get("interaction_warnings") else "agent"

# ── ClinicalAgent ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
class ClinicalAgent:
    def __init__(self):
        logger.info("Building ClinicalAgent workflow")
        wf = StateGraph(AgentState)
        wf.add_node("agent", agent_node)
        wf.add_node("tools", tool_node)
        wf.add_node("reflection", reflection_node)
        wf.set_entry_point("agent")
        wf.add_conditional_edges("agent", should_continue, {
            "continue_tools": "tools",
            "end_conversation_turn": END
        })
        wf.add_conditional_edges("tools", after_tools_router, {
            "reflection": "reflection",
            "agent": "agent"
        })
        wf.add_edge("reflection", "agent")
        self.graph_app = wf.compile()
        logger.info("ClinicalAgent ready")

    def invoke_turn(self, state: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        try:
            result = self.graph_app.invoke(state, {"recursion_limit": 15})
            result.setdefault("summary", state.get("summary"))
            result.setdefault("interaction_warnings", None)
            return result
        except Exception as e:
            logger.exception("Error during graph invocation")
            return {
                "messages": state.get("messages", []) + [AIMessage(content=f"Error: {e}")],
                "patient_data": state.get("patient_data"),
                "summary": state.get("summary"),
                "interaction_warnings": None
            }