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It is a dibenzooxazepine. | It is a sapogenin that is spirostan which is substituted by a hydroxy group at the 3beta position, contains a double bond at the 5-6 position, and has R- configuration at position 25. A natural product found in Dioscorea (wild yam) species, it is used as the starting point for the commercial synthesis of a number of steroids, including cortisone, pregnenolone and progesterone. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an antiviral agent, an antineoplastic agent and a metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a spiroketal, a hexacyclic triterpenoid and a sapogenin. It derives from a hydride of a spirostan. | 0 |
It is a flavonolignan isolated from milk thistle, Silybum marianum, that has been shown to exhibit antioxidant and antineoplastic activities. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, a hepatoprotective agent and a plant metabolite. It is a flavonolignan, a polyphenol, an aromatic ether, a benzodioxine and a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone. | It, sold under the brand name Forane among others, is a general anesthetic. It can be used to start or maintain anesthesia; however, other medications are often used to start anesthesia, due to airway irritation with isoflurane. It is given via inhalation.
Side effects of isoflurane include a decreased ability to breathe (respiratory depression), low blood pressure, and an irregular heartbeat. Serious side effects can include malignant hyperthermia or high blood potassium. It should not be used in patients with a history of malignant hyperthermia in either themselves or their family members. It is unknown if its use during pregnancy is safe for the fetus, but use during a cesarean section appears to be safe. It is a halogenated ether.
It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1979. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. | 0 |
It is a pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylamino group. A relatively potent non-narcotic, nonsteroidal analgesic with anti-inflammatory, anti-endotoxic and anti-pyretic properties; used in veterinary medicine (usually as the meglumine salt) for treatment of horses, cattle and pigs. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an antipyretic, a non-narcotic analgesic and an EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor. It is a pyridinemonocarboxylic acid, an aminopyridine and an organofluorine compound. It is functionally related to a nicotinic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a flunixin(1-). | It (usually as the maleate salt, trade names Afloxan, Protaxon and Proxil) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is metabolized in the body to indometacin and proglumide, a drug with antisecretory effects that helps prevent injury to the stomach lining. | 0 |
It is a 2alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 3alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 22-hydroxy steroid, a 23-hydroxy steroid and a brassinosteroid. It has a role as a plant growth stimulator and a plant hormone. | It is a natural product found in Tuber melanosporum, Peristeria elata, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a natural phenolic compound isolated from the bark of the lapacho tree. This tree is known botanically as Handroanthus impetiginosus, but was formerly known by various other botanical names such as Tabebuia avellanedae. It is also found in other species of Handroanthus.
It is usually encountered as a yellow, skin-irritating powder from wood. Chemically, it is a derivative of vitamin K.
Once studied as a possible treatment for some types of cancer, it is now considered too toxic for use. | It is a diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. It has a role as a trypanocidal drug, an antifungal agent, a NMDA receptor antagonist, an anti-inflammatory agent, a chemokine receptor 5 antagonist, an EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor, a calmodulin antagonist, a S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor and a xenobiotic. It is a carboxamidine, a diether and an aromatic ether. It is a conjugate base of a pentamidinium(2+). | 0 |
It is ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension. It has a role as a serotonergic agonist, a non-narcotic analgesic, a vasoconstrictor agent, a dopamine agonist and a sympatholytic agent. It is an ergot alkaloid and a semisynthetic derivative. | It (DHE), sold under the brand names D.H.E. 45 and Migranal among others, is an ergot alkaloid used to treat migraines. It is a derivative of ergotamine. It is administered as a nasal spray or injection and has an efficacy similar to that of sumatriptan. Nausea is a common side effect.
It has similar actions to the triptans, acting as an agonist to the serotonin receptors and causing vasoconstriction of the intracranial blood vessels, but also interacts centrally with dopamine and adrenergic receptors. It can be used to treat acute intractable headache or withdrawal from analgesics. | 1 |
It is an organic thiophosphate that is the diethyl ester of S-[2-(ethylsulfanyl)ethyl] dihydrogen phosphorodithioate. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, an acaricide and an agrochemical. It is an organic thiophosphate and an organothiophosphate insecticide. | It is a member of bromomethanes and a bromohydrocarbon. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Gossypium hirsutum with data available. | It is the organic compound with the formula (CH)CO. This cyclic ketone is a colorless volatile liquid. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Coprinopsis atramentaria with data available. | It is a natural product found in Garcinia dulcis with data available. | 0 |
It is an aminopyrimidine that consists of 2,6-diaminopyrimidine bearing a bromo substituent at position 5, a 4-cyano-2,6-dimethylphenoxy substituent at position 4 and having a 4-cyanophenyl substituent attached to the 2-amino group. NNRTI of HIV-1, binds directly to RT and blocks RNA-dependent and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activities It has a role as a HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an antiviral agent. It is a dinitrile, an organobromine compound, an aminopyrimidine and an aromatic ether. | It, sometimes abbreviated to neohesperidin DC or simply NHDC, is an artificial sweetener derived from citrus.
It is particularly effective in masking the bitter tastes of other compounds found in citrus, including limonin and naringin. Industrially, it is produced by extracting neohesperidin from the bitter orange, and then hydrogenating this to make NHDC. | 0 |
It is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It was withdrawn worldwide in the 1980s after postmarketing reports of severe gastrointestinal bleeding.
A 2004 study using high-throughput screening found indoprofen to increase production of the survival of motor neuron protein, suggesting it may provide insight into treatments for spinal muscular atrophies. | It is a pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. It has a role as a non-narcotic analgesic, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and an antipyretic. | 0 |
It (Eraldin, Dalzic, Praktol, Cardiol, Pralon, Cordialina, Eraldina, Teranol) is a selective beta blocker (beta-1 blocker) that has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. It is no longer used as it is highly toxic despite the similarity of its chemical formula to propranolol. After its introduction, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, conjunctival scarring, fibrosis, metaplasia, and shrinkage developed in 27 patients as an adverse reaction to practolol. Rashes, nasal and mucosal ulceration, fibrous or plastic peritonitis, pleurisy, cochlear damage, and secretory otitis media also occurred in some cases. Three patients suffered profound visual loss though most retained good vision. Symptoms and signs improved on withdrawal of the drug, but reduction of tear secretion persisted in most patients. | It is an eremophilane sesquiterpenoid that is (+)-5-epi-aristolochene bearing additional 1beta- and 3alpha-hydroxy substituents. It is a phytoalexin produced in Nicotiana and Capsicum plant species in response to pathogen attack. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an antifungal agent. It is an eremophilane sesquiterpenoid, a sesquiterpene phytoalexin and a member of octahydronaphthalenes. It is functionally related to a (+)-5-epi-aristolochene. | 0 |
L-allysine is an optically active form of allysine having L-configuration. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is an allysine, a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid and an aminoadipate semialdehyde. It is a tautomer of a L-allysine zwitterion. | It is a cyclization product of L-DOPA and is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of melanin. It may tautomerise to form DHICA. | 0 |
It or 2-hydroxymalonic acid is an organic compound with the structural formula of HOHC(COH). This dicarboxylic acid is related to malonic acid. It is a white solid. It is produced by oxidation of glycerol:
Glyceric acid is an intermediate.
Its derivative, 2-methyltartronic acid, is isomalic acid. | N-phenylacetamide is a member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It has a role as an analgesic. It is a member of acetamides and an anilide. It is functionally related to an acetic acid. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Solanum tuberosum and Triticum aestivum with data available. | It, sold under the brand name Ativan among others, is a benzodiazepine medication. It is used to treat anxiety (including anxiety disorders), trouble sleeping, severe agitation, active seizures including status epilepticus, alcohol withdrawal, and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. It is also used during surgery to interfere with memory formation and to sedate those who are being mechanically ventilated. It is also used, along with other treatments, for acute coronary syndrome due to cocaine use. It can be given orally (by mouth), transdermal (on the skin via a topical gel or patch), intravenously (IV) (injection into a vein), or intramuscularly (injection into a muscle.) When given by injection, onset of effects is between one and thirty minutes and effects last for up to a day.
Common side effects include weakness, sleepiness, low blood pressure, and a decreased effort to breathe. When given intravenously, the person should be closely monitored. Among those who are depressed, there may be an increased risk of suicide. With long-term use, larger doses may be required for the same effect. Physical dependence and psychological dependence may also occur. If stopped suddenly after long-term use, benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome may occur. Older people more often develop adverse effects. In this age group, lorazepam is associated with falls and hip fractures. Due to these concerns, lorazepam use is generally only recommended for up to two to four weeks.
It was initially patented in 1963 and went on sale in the United States in 1977. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2021, it was the 78th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 8million prescriptions. | 1 |
It, or cholylglycine, is a crystalline bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats. It occurs as a sodium salt in the bile of mammals. It is a conjugate of cholic acid with glycine. Its anion is called glycocholate. | It is a bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is functionally related to a cholic acid and a glycochenodeoxycholic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a glycocholate. | 1 |
It is an antitussive (cough suppressant) used under the trade-name Peracon.
The normal therapeutic dose is 40–80 mg of the cyclamate salt, with a maximum of five doses in a 24-hour period. In addition to its central antitussive effects, it is also an anticholinergic, exhibiting both antimuscarinic and antinicotinic actions. | It is an organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)-4-nitrophenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. It stains nuclei green and is sometimes used as a counterstain to red or purple primary stains. It has a role as a fluorochrome and a histological dye. It contains a 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)-4-nitrophenothiazin-5-ium. | 0 |
It is a diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively. It is functionally related to an aconitane. | It is a natural product found in Vaccinium virgatum, Vaccinium ashei, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a member of indoles. It is functionally related to a semicarbazide. | It is a natural product found in Apis, Populus yunnanensis, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a cyclopropanecarboxylate ester in which the esterifying alcohol is 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol and the cyclopropane ring is substituted with a 2,2-dichlorovinyl group and with gem-dimethyl groups. It has a role as a pyrethroid ester insecticide, a pyrethroid ester acaricide, an agrochemical, an ectoparasiticide and a scabicide. It is a member of cyclopropanes and a cyclopropanecarboxylate ester. It is functionally related to a 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid. | It, with the simplified formula , is a magnesium-containing organometallic compound. It is commercially available as a solution in diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran (THF). It is a Grignard reagent. It is often used as a synthetic equivalent for the phenyl "Ph" synthon. | 0 |
It, also known as amidosulfonic acid, amidosulfuric acid, aminosulfonic acid, sulphamic acid and sulfamidic acid, is a molecular compound with the formula HNSO. This colourless, water-soluble compound finds many applications. It melts at 205 °C before decomposing at higher temperatures to water, sulfur trioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen.
It (HNSO) may be considered an intermediate compound between sulfuric acid (HSO), and sulfamide (HNSO), effectively replacing a hydroxyl (–OH) group with an amine (–NH) group at each step. This pattern can extend no further in either direction without breaking down the sulfonyl (–SO–) moiety. Sulfamates are derivatives of sulfamic acid. | It is the simplest thiuram disulfide and the oxidized dimer of dimethyldithiocarbamate. It is used as a fungicide, ectoparasiticide to prevent fungal diseases in seed and crops and similarly as an animal repellent to protect fruit trees and ornamentals from damage by rabbits, rodents and deer. It is effective against Stem gall of coriander, damping off, smut of millet, neck rot of onion, etc. It has been used in the treatment of human scabies, as a sun screen and as a bactericide applied directly to the skin or incorporated into soap.
It is also used as a sulfur source and secondary accelerator the sulfur vulcanization of rubbers. | 0 |
It is a metabolite of hydroxytyrosol, which in turn is a metabolite of the neurotransmitter dopamine. | It is a natural product found in Hydnellum diabolus, Thelephora aurantiotincta, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is the chemical compound with the formula SbCl. It is a soft colorless solid with a pungent odor and was known to alchemists as butter of antimony. | 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-androstan-17-one is an androstanoid that is 5beta-androstane substituted by an alpha-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a metabolite of testosterone in mammals. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 17-oxo steroid and an androstanoid. It derives from a hydride of a 5beta-androstane. | 0 |
It (1- (2-Chloroethyl)-3-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)- 1-nitrosourea, MeCCNU) is an alkylating nitrosourea compound used in chemotherapy treatment of various types of tumours. Due to its lipophilic property, semustine can cross the blood-brain barrier for the chemotherapy of brain tumours, where it interferes with DNA replication in the rapidly-dividing tumour cells.
It, just as lomustine, is administered orally.
Evidence has been found that treatment with semustine can cause acute leukaemia as a delayed effect in very rare cases. | It is a natural product found in Drosophila melanogaster, Bos taurus, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is an enal consisting of propene having a formyl group at the 1-position. | It (INN) is a vasopressin receptor antagonist marketed by Otsuka. In Japan, it was approved in October 2006 for hyponatremia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) due to ADH producing tumors. | 0 |
It is a member of the class of chloroethanes that is ethane in which all the hydrogens are replaced by chloro groups. It has a role as a carcinogenic agent and a refrigerant. It is a chlorocarbon and a member of chloroethanes. | It is a member of pyridines. | 0 |
It is a tertiary phosphine. | It is the organophosphorus compound with the formula P(CHCH), commonly abbreviated as PEt. It is a colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor characteristic of alkylphosphines. The compound is a common ligand in organometallic chemistry, such as in auranofin. | 1 |
It is a monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31℃) colourless liquid. It has a role as a carcinogenic agent, a hepatotoxic agent and a Maillard reaction product. It is a mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent, a member of furans and a monocyclic heteroarene. | It is an organonitrogen heterocyclic compound, an oxacycle and an organic heterotricyclic compound. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Botrytis cinerea, Solanum lycopersicum, and other organisms with data available. | It is a carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin. It has a role as a metabolite, an anticholesteremic drug, a xenobiotic and an environmental contaminant. It is a 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid, a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid, a carboxylic ester, a secondary alcohol, a carbobicyclic compound and a statin (semi-synthetic). It is functionally related to a (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid and a (S)-2-methylbutyric acid. It is a conjugate acid of a pravastatin(1-). | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Cocos nucifera, Gynerium sagittatum, and other organisms with data available. | It (), or thiazesim (, ), previously sold under the brand name Altinil, is a heterocyclic antidepressant related to the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) which, introduced in 1966 by Squibb Corporation (now Bristol-Myers Squibb), has since been discontinued and is no longer marketed. | 0 |
It is a substituted aniline. | It is a member of the class of hydroxyindoles resulting from the formal oxidative coupling between the 3-position of 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one and the 3-position of 1,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one, which is substituted at the 5 position by a 5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl group, where the newly-formed double bond has E configuration. It is a purple chromobacterial pigment that has antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoan, and anticancer properties. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer, an antibacterial agent and an antifungal agent. It is a member of hydroxyindoles, a member of pyrroles, a member of oxindoles and an olefinic compound. It is functionally related to a proviolacein. | 0 |
It is a glycosylglucose consisting of D-glucose with undefined anomeric stereochemistry and an alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 3-position. | It atom is a copper group element atom and a metal allergen. It has a role as a micronutrient and an Escherichia coli metabolite. | 0 |
Dibenzylether is the organic compound with the formula (CHCH)O. It is classified as an ether derived from benzyl alcohol. A colorless, nearly odorless oil, the compound's main use is as a plasticizer. It is prepared by treating benzyl chloride with base. | It is a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, an acetylenic compound and a tertiary amino compound. It has a role as a contraceptive drug, a synthetic oral contraceptive, a hormone antagonist and an abortifacient. It derives from a hydride of an estrane. | 0 |
It is an anthocyanin. It is the 3-glucoside of malvidin. It is one of the red pigments found in the skin of purple grapes and in wine.
Color stabilization of malvidin 3-glucoside at a higher pH can be explained by self-aggregation of the flavylium cation and copigmentation with the Z-chalcone form. In the presence of procyanidin C2, the red color of oenin appears more stable. However, the HPLC chromatogram shows a decrease in the amplitude of the peaks of oenin and procyanidin C2. Concomitantly, a new peak appears with a maximal absorption in the red region. This newly formed pigment probably comes from the condensation of oenin and procyanidin C2.
Malvidin 3-glucoside alone is not oxidized in the presence of grape polyphenol oxidase, whereas it is degraded in the presence of a crude grape PPO extract and of caftaric acid forming anthocyanidin-caftaric acid adducts. | It is an acetate ester that is uracil in which the three hydroxy hydrogens are replaced by acetate group. A prodrug for uridine, it is used for the treatment of hereditary orotic aciduria and for management of fluorouracil toxicity. It has a role as a prodrug, a neuroprotective agent and an orphan drug. It is a member of uridines and an acetate ester. | 0 |
It is an organic compound with the molecular formula (CH)NH. This heterocyclic amine consists of a six-membered ring containing five methylene bridges (–CH–) and one amine bridge (–NH–). It is a colorless liquid with an odor described as objectionable, typical of amines. The name comes from the genus name Piper, which is the Latin word for pepper. Although piperidine is a common organic compound, it is best known as a representative structure element within many pharmaceuticals and alkaloids, such as natural-occurring solenopsins. | It is a monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position. It has a role as a non-narcotic analgesic, an antipyretic, an EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant, a drug allergen and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is a secondary amino compound, an amino acid, a dichlorobenzene, an aromatic amine and a monocarboxylic acid. It is functionally related to a phenylacetic acid and a diphenylamine. It is a conjugate acid of a diclofenac(1-). | 0 |
It is an organometallic compound with the formula (CH)Sn. This liquid, one of the simplest organotin compounds, is useful for transition-metal mediated conversion of acid chlorides to methyl ketones and aryl halides to aryl methyl ketones. It is volatile and toxic, so care should be taken when using it in the laboratory. | It is a racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tianeptine. It is an atypical antidepressant used in Europe to treat patients who respond poorly to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It has a role as a mu-opioid receptor agonist, a second generation antipsychotic and an anxiolytic drug. It contains a (R)-tianeptine and a (S)-tianeptine. | 0 |
It (also known as 4-HO-DMT, 4-hydroxy DMT, psilocine, psilocyn, or psilotsin) is a substituted tryptamine alkaloid and a serotonergic psychedelic substance. It is present in most psychedelic mushrooms together with its phosphorylated counterpart psilocybin. It is a Schedule I drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. Acting on the 5-HT receptors, psilocin modulates the production and reuptake of serotonin. The mind-altering effects of psilocin are highly variable and subjective and resemble those of LSD and DMT. | It is an aromatic hydrocarbon comprising two fused benzene rings. It occurs in the essential oils of numerous plant species e.g. magnolia. It has a role as a volatile oil component, a plant metabolite, an environmental contaminant, a carcinogenic agent, a mouse metabolite and an apoptosis inhibitor. It is an ortho-fused bicyclic arene and a member of naphthalenes. | 0 |
It is an inorganic nitrate salt having Cd(2+) as the counterion. It has a role as a carcinogenic agent, a hepatotoxic agent and a genotoxin. It is a cadmium salt and an inorganic nitrate salt. It contains a cadmium(2+). | It is an alkaloid toxin isolated from the tubers of tropical yam on several continents. It has been used as a monkey poison in some African countries, and as an arrow poison to aid in hunting in several parts of Asia. It was first isolated from Dioscorea hirsute (synonymous with Dioscorea hirsuta) by Boorsma in 1894 and obtained in a crystalline form by Schutte in 1897, and has since been found in other Dioscorea species. It is a neurotoxin that acts by blocking the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. It is generally isolated in tandem with other alkaloids such as dioscin but is usually the most potent toxin in the mixture. It is a convulsant, producing symptoms similar to picrotoxin, with which it shares a similar mechanism of action. (It is not to be confused with dioscorin, the yam storage protein.) | 0 |
It is an organic compound with formula . It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. As an aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene's structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings. It is the main ingredient of traditional mothballs. | It is a natural product found in Zingiber mioga, Aloe africana, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a tertiary alcohol. | It is a monoterpenoid. | 0 |
It is a purine nucleoside in which xanthine is attached to ribofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. It has a role as a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a member of xanthosines and a purines D-ribonucleoside. | Batilol is an alkylglycerol that is glycerol in which one of the primary hydroxy groups has been converted into the corresponding octadecyl ether. It is used in cosmetics as a stabilising ingredient and skin-conditioning agent. | 0 |
It is a member of imidazoles. | It is an acyl chloride consisting of benzene in which a hydrogen is replaced by an acyl chloride group. It is an important chemical intermediate for the manufacture of other chemicals, dyes, perfumes, herbicides and pharmaceuticals. It has a role as a carcinogenic agent. It is an acyl chloride and a member of benzenes. It is functionally related to a benzoic acid. | 0 |
It is a member of pyridines and an aromatic carboxylic acid. | It is a picolinic acid derivative and an antibiotic (wilting agent) first isolated from the fungus Fusarium heterosporium.
It is typically isolated from various Fusarium species, and has been proposed for a various therapeutic applications. However, it is primarily used as a research tool.
Its mechanism of action is not well understood. It likely inhibits Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine). It may also have other actions, such as the inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis. It and analogues also reported as quorum sensing inhibitors.
It is used to make bupicomide. | 1 |
It is an alkaloid constituent of Sceletium tortuosum (Kanna) and minor constituent of Lampranthus aureus and Lampranthus spectabilis
Similar to modern synthetic antidepressants, it is a potent (IC = 27 nM) and also a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor (K = 470 nM). | It is a member of pyrrolidines. | 1 |
It is a dibenzooxazepine. | It is an alkylbenzene. | 0 |
It is a tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It has a role as a NMDA receptor antagonist, a H1-receptor antagonist, an antiparkinson drug, a parasympatholytic, a muscle relaxant, a muscarinic antagonist and an antidyskinesia agent. It is a tertiary amino compound and an ether. | It is a natural product found in Portulaca oleracea and Aristolochia arcuata with data available. | 0 |
It is a 21-hydroxy steroid. | L-proline is pyrrolidine in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group. L-It is the only one of the twenty DNA-encoded amino acids which has a secondary amino group alpha to the carboxyl group. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. It also helps maintain and strengthen heart muscles. It has a role as a micronutrient, a nutraceutical, an algal metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a member of compatible osmolytes. It is a glutamine family amino acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a proline and a L-alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-prolinium. It is a conjugate acid of a L-prolinate. It is an enantiomer of a D-proline. It is a tautomer of a L-proline zwitterion. | 0 |
It and delcosine are two closely related naturally occurring diterpene alkaloids first isolated from Delphinium consolida. They occur widely in the Ranunculaceae plant family. The polycyclic ring system containing nineteen carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom in these compounds is the same as in aconitine and this is reflected in their preferred IUPAC name. | It is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH(CH)CH.
It has 1858 structural isomers. | 0 |
It (or ethoprop) is an organophosphate ester with the formula CHOPS. It is a clear yellow to colourless liquid that has a characteristic mercaptan-like odour. It is used as an insecticide and nematicide and it is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. | It is an alkaloid fundamental parent, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid and an alkaloid antibiotic. | 0 |
It is an organic sodium salt which is the trisodium salt of tartrazine acid. A synthetic lemon yellow azo dye used as a food colouring. It has a role as a histological dye and a food colouring. It contains a tartrazine(3-). | It is a tripeptide compound consisting of glutamic acid attached via its side chain to the N-terminus of cysteinylglycine. It has a role as a skin lightening agent, a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a geroprotector, an antioxidant and a cofactor. It is a tripeptide, a thiol and a L-cysteine derivative. It is a conjugate acid of a glutathionate(1-). | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Piper majusculum and Piper methysticum with data available. | It (E4), or oestetrol, is one of the four natural estrogenic steroid hormones found in humans, along with estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3). It is a major estrogen in the body. In contrast to estrone and estradiol, estetrol is a native estrogen of fetal life. It is produced exclusively by the fetal liver and is found in detectable levels only during pregnancy, with relatively high levels in the fetus and lower levels in the maternal circulation.
In addition to its physiological role as a native hormone, estetrol can be used as a medication, see estetrol (medication). It, in combination with drospirenone, has recently been approved as a new estrogenic component of a combined oral contraceptive (COC) and estetrol alone is in clinical development for the treatment of menopausal symptoms as well as breast and prostate cancer. | 0 |
It is a berberine alkaloid and an organic heterotetracyclic compound. | It is a potent glucocorticoid used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of skin disorders such as eczema and seborrhoeic dermatitis. It relieves itching, redness, dryness, crusting, scaling, inflammation, and discomfort.
A common potential adverse effect is skin atrophy (thinning of the skin).
In 2021, it was the 249th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1million prescriptions. | 0 |
It is a monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart). It has a role as an anti-arrhythmia drug. It is a monocarboxylic acid amide, a member of piperidines, an organofluorine compound and an aromatic ether. It is a conjugate base of a flecainide(1+). | Its or sulphites are compounds that contain the sulfite ion (or the sulfate(IV) ion, from its correct systematic name), . The sulfite ion is the conjugate base of bisulfite. Although its acid (sulfurous acid) is elusive, its salts are widely used.
Its are substances that naturally occur in some foods and the human body. They are also used as regulated food additives. When in food or drink, sulfites are often lumped together with sulfur dioxide. | 0 |
It (DMTS) is an organic chemical compound and the simplest organic trisulfide, with the chemical formula CHSSSCH. It is a flammable liquid with a foul odor, which is detectable at levels as low as 1 part per trillion. | It is a haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom. It has a role as an alkylating agent. It is an organoiodine compound and a haloacetic acid. | 0 |
It is a member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by an acetyl group at position 2 and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at position 10. It has a role as a phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. It is a methyl ketone, an aromatic ketone, a tertiary amino compound and a member of phenothiazines. | It is a cardiac stimulant. It works by binding to the β adrenergic receptor. It is a 3rd generation adrenergic β receptor partial agonist. It provides cardiac stimulation at rest but it acts as a blocker during exercise. | 0 |
It, sold under the brand name of Cuprimine among others, is a medication primarily used for the treatment of Wilson's disease. It is also used for people with kidney stones who have high urine cystine levels, rheumatoid arthritis, and various heavy metal poisonings. It is taken by mouth.
It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1970. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. | It is a sulfur-containing carboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a thioglycolate(1-). | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Aureobasidium, Ramalina usnea, and other organisms with data available. | It is the meso-diastereomer of butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol. It has a role as an antioxidant, a plant metabolite and a human metabolite. | 1 |
It is an imidazole substituted at positions 1, 4 and 5 by 4-aminosulfonylphenyl, chloro and 3-fluoro-4-methyoxyphenyl groups respectively. A selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it is used in veterinary medicine for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs. It has a role as a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is a sulfonamide, a member of imidazoles, an organochlorine compound, an organofluorine compound and an aromatic ether. | It is a complex glycopeptide antibiotic that is isolated from Amycolatopsis orientalis. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent and a bacterial metabolite. It is a glycopeptide and a disaccharide derivative. It is functionally related to a vancomycin aglycone. It is a conjugate base of a chloroeremomycin(2+). | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Aloe africana, Malpighia emarginata, and other organisms with data available. | It is a pyridopyrimidine. | 0 |
It is a saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxylic acid group of undecanoic acid. It is a component of essential oils from citrus plants like Citrus reticulata. It has a role as an antimycobacterial drug, a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite. It is a saturated fatty aldehyde, a n-alkanal and a medium-chain fatty aldehyde. It is a tautomer of an undec-1-en-1-ol. | It is a member of the class of chloroethanes that is ethane in which all the hydrogens are replaced by chloro groups. It has a role as a carcinogenic agent and a refrigerant. It is a chlorocarbon and a member of chloroethanes. | 0 |
It (3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2,3′-bipyridine) is an alkaloid toxin produced by Nemertines and Aphaenogaster ants. It is structurally similar to nicotine and anabasine. Similarly, it has been shown to act as an agonist on most nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. | It is a defensive chemical, classified as an iridoid, isolated from ants of the genus Iridomyrmex. It has also evolved into a sex pheromone in wasps such as Leptopilina, with host species using the smell of iridomyrmecin as a way of detecting the presence of the parasitoid wasps. It is also found in a variety of plants including Actinidia polygama. | 0 |
It is a member of methoxybenzenes. | It is an organic compound with the formula CH(OCH). It is one of three isomers of dimethoxybenzene. | 1 |
It is an ortho- and peri-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon. | It (INN) is a potassium channel-opening vasodilator. The active isomer is levcromakalim. It acts on ATP-sensitive potassium channels and so causes membrane hyperpolarization. It can be used to treat hypertension as it will relax vascular smooth muscle to lower blood pressure. Hyperpolarisation of smooth muscle cell membranes pulls their membrane potential away from the threshold, so making it more difficult to excite them and thereby cause relaxation. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Cunninghamella elegans with data available. | It is a cyclic peptide. | 0 |
It is a 20-oxo steroid that is pregn-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 20. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 20-oxo steroid, a C21-steroid and a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane. | It is an aromatic alcohol derived from phenanthrene, a tricyclic compound. It is a TRPM4 channel inhibitor. It can prevent the pancreas from secreting insulin when stimulated by glucose. | 0 |
1-aminopropan-2-ol is any amino alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by an amino group at position 1. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is an amino alcohol and a secondary alcohol. | It is an organic compound. It is an ester with the chemical formula , sometimes abbreviated as , where Ph and Me are phenyl and methyl, respectively. Its structure is . It is a colorless liquid that is poorly soluble in water, but miscible with organic solvents. It has a pleasant smell, strongly reminiscent of the fruit of the feijoa tree, and it is used in perfumery. It also finds use as a solvent and as a pesticide used to attract insects such as orchid bees. | 0 |
It (DIDP) is a commonly used plasticizer used in the production of plastic and plastic coating to increase flexibility. It is a mixture of compounds derived from the esterification of phthalic acid and isomeric decyl alcohols.
The coating on furnishings, cookware, pharmaceutical pills, food wrappers and many other products may have DIDP or other phthalates in them. There has been recent concern in the US and European Union for their toxicity and bioaccumulative quality. The European Union has set a maximum specific migration limit (SML) from food contact materials of 9 mg/kg food for the sum of diisodecyl phthalates and diisononyl phthalates.
DIDP has been listed since 2007 under Proposition 65 as a substance known to the state of California to cause reproductive toxicity. The similar compound DINP is also listed.
In 2013, ECHAs Risk Assessment Committee (RAC) concluded that Di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP) does not warrant classification for reprotoxic effects under the EUs Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) regulation. | It is a halomethane. | 0 |
It is a one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to three hydrogen atoms and one bromine atom. It is produced naturally by marine algae. It has a role as a fumigant insecticide, a marine metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a member of methyl halides, a member of bromomethanes and a bromohydrocarbon. | It is a vasopressor/antihypotensive agent (it raises the blood pressure). It was approved in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1996 for the treatment of dysautonomia and orthostatic hypotension. In August 2010, the FDA proposed withdrawing this approval because the manufacturer, Shire plc, failed to complete required studies after the medicine reached the market. In September 2010, the FDA reversed its decision to remove midodrine from the market and allowed it to remain available to patients while Shire plc collected further data regarding the efficacy and safety of the drug. Shire announced on September 22, 2011, that it was withdrawing completely from supplying midodrine and leaving it to several generics to supply the drug. | 0 |
It is a member of benzamides. It has a role as an aquaretic. | It is a sodium phosphate. | 0 |
It is a triterpenoid molecule commonly produced by bacteria, ferns, and a few protozoans. This compound, classified as a member of the hopanoid family, is synthesized from triterpenoid precursor squalene. It is generally believed that hopanoids serve a similar function in bacteria as that of sterols in eukaryotes, which involves modulating membrane fluidity. It serves as a useful biomarker for prokaryotic life, along with oxygen content at the time of sediment deposition. | It is a benzodiazepine. | 0 |
It is an aromatic ether that is the 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is an aromatic ether, a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a member of phenols. It is functionally related to a mandelic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a vanillylmandelate. | It is an ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with ethanol, It has a role as an antimicrobial food preservative, an antifungal agent, a plant metabolite and a phytoestrogen. It is a paraben and an ethyl ester. | 0 |
It is a member of benzophenones. | 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid is a gluconic acid phosphate having the phosphate group at the 6-position. It is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 6-phosphonatooxy-D-gluconate and a 6-phospho-D-gluconate. | 0 |
It is a member of quinazolines. | It is a tetrahydroxyflavanone having a structure of naringenin bearing an additional hydroxyl substituent at position 2' as well as a (2R)-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hex-4-en-1-yl (lavandulyl) substituent at position 8'. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antimalarial, an antimicrobial agent and a plant metabolite. It is a tetrahydroxyflavanone, a member of 4'-hydroxyflavanones and a (2S)-flavan-4-one. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin. | 0 |
It is a dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of benzoic acids, a dimethoxybenzene and a member of phenols. It is functionally related to a gallic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a syringate. | It is a hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. A plant-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone with confirmed antibacterial and antitumor activities. It has a role as a herbicide, a reactive oxygen species generator and a geroprotector. | 0 |
It (INN) is an ultra short-acting, β1-superselective intravenous adrenergic antagonist, which decreases the heart rate effectively with less negative effect on blood pressure or myocardial contractility. In comparison to other beta blockers, landiolol has the shortest elimination half-life (3 to 4 minutes), ultra-rapid onset of effect (heart rate begins to decrease immediately after completion of administration), and predictable effectiveness with inactive metabolites (heart rate returns to baseline levels at 30 min after completion of landiolol hydrochloride administration). The pure S-enantiomer structure of landiolol is believed to develop less hypotensive side effects in comparison to other β-blockers. This has a positive impact on the treatment of patients when reduction of heart rate without decrease in arterial blood pressure is desired.
It was developed by modifying the chemical structure of esmolol to produce a compound with a higher rate of cardioselectivity and a greater potency without increasing its duration of action. It is sold as landiolol hydrochloride. Based on its positive benefit risk profile, landiolol has been granted the marketing authorization and introduced to the European markets under the brand names Rapibloc, Raploc, Runrapiq, Landibloc mid 2016 (in 2 formulations of 300 mg vial and 20 mg ampoule). It is available in Japan under the brand names Onoact (50 mg) and Corbeta (12.5 mg for Improvement of Image Quality in Coronary CT Angiography). | It is an oxoaporphine alkaloid that is 4,5,6,6a-tetradehydronoraporphin-7-one substituted by a methylenedioxy group across positions 1 and 2. It is isolated from Annona glabra and has been shown to exhibit antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. It has a role as a metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, an antimicrobial agent, an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor and an antifungal agent. It is a cyclic ketone, an oxacycle, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an alkaloid antibiotic and an oxoaporphine alkaloid. It is functionally related to an aporphine. | 0 |
It is a monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group. It has a role as a plant hormone, a human metabolite, a plant metabolite, a mouse metabolite and an auxin. It is a monocarboxylic acid and a member of indole-3-acetic acids. It is a conjugate acid of an indole-3-acetate. | It can refer to:
*Ammonium orthomolybdate, (NH)MoO
*Ammonium heptamolybdate, (NH)MoO, usually encountered as the tetrahydrate
*Ammonium phosphomolybdate, (NH)PMoO
*Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, (NH)MoS this chemical is used for analysis of chloride in a solution | 0 |
It is an organic molecular entity. | It (Cleanal) is a mucolytic agent. In Japan, it is approved for the treatment of bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, bronchiectasis, pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumoconiosis, atypical mycobacterial disease, and diffuse panbronchiolitis.
It works by increasing mucin secretion by inhibiting expression of the protein mucin 5AC. | 1 |
It (INN) or amdinocillin pivoxil (USAN, trade names Selexid, Penomax and Coactabs) is an orally active prodrug of mecillinam, an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic. It is the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of mecillinam.
It is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria, and is used primarily in the treatment of lower urinary tract infections. In the Nordic countries, it has been widely used in that indication since the 1970s. It has been proposed as the first-line drug of choice for empirical treatment of acute cystitis. It has also been used to treat paratyphoid fever and shigellosis. | It is a ketone. | 0 |
It is a diterpenoid with the structure of tigliane hydroxylated at C-4, -9, -12(beta), -13 and -20, with an oxo group at C-3 and unsaturation at the 1- and 6-positions. It is a tetracyclic diterpenoid, an enone, a cyclic ketone, a tertiary alcohol and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It derives from a hydride of a tigliane. | It is a natural product found in Rehmannia glutinosa, Croton tiglium, and Euphorbia tirucalli with data available. | 1 |
3-hydroxyoctanoic acid is an 8-carbon, beta-hydroxy fatty acid which may be a marker for primary defects of beta-hydroxy fatty acid metabolism. Repeating unit of poly(3-hydroxyoctanoic acid), a biopolymer used by numerous bacterial species as carbon and energy reserves. It is a 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid, a 3-hydroxy fatty acid and a medium-chain fatty acid. It is functionally related to an octanoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 3-hydroxyoctanoate. | It is a natural product found in Streptomyces, Drosophila melanogaster, and other organisms with data available. | 1 |
It is a volatile phytoncide, released into the atmosphere, soil and ground water, by members of the Sophora genus. Sophora pachycarpa, and Sophora exigua; all found to grow within the United States in a variety of soil types, within temperate conditions, no lower than 0 °F (US zone 6 - yellow areas shown to the right). It is released in order to protect the plant against harmful protozoa, bacteria, and fungi. It, also called kushenin (in traditional Chinese medicinal recipes), is a flavonoid compound.
Due to an increase in the rates of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, scientific efforts have focused on finding either naturally-made or genetically modified compounds that can treat and or prevent these harmful and sometimes deadly bacteria. It, in preliminary research has been found to impact the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and may enhance the effect of currently used antibiotics. | It is a diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6 while one of hydrogens of each amino group is replaced respectively by an ethyl and a propan-2-yl group. It has a role as a herbicide, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is a chloro-1,3,5-triazine and a diamino-1,3,5-triazine. It is functionally related to a 6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine. | 0 |
It (ZDV), also known as azidothymidine (AZT), was the first antiretroviral medication used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS. It is generally recommended for use in combination with other antiretrovirals. It may be used to prevent mother-to-child spread during birth or after a needlestick injury or other potential exposure. It is sold both by itself and together as lamivudine/zidovudine and abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine. It can be used by mouth or by slow injection into a vein.
Common side effects include headaches, fever, and nausea. Serious side effects include liver problems, muscle damage, and high blood lactate levels. It is commonly used in pregnancy and appears to be safe for the fetus. ZDV is of the nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) class. It works by inhibiting the enzyme reverse transcriptase that HIV uses to make DNA and therefore decreases replication of the virus.
It was first described in 1964. It was resynthesized from a public-domain formula by Burroughs Wellcome. It was approved in the United States in 1987 and was the first treatment for HIV. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. | It is an iridoid. It is synthesized from 7-deoxyloganic acid by the enzyme 7-deoxyloganic acid hydroxylase (7-DLH). It is a substrate for the enzyme loganate O-methyltransferase for the production of loganin. | 0 |
It or peroxonitric acid is a chemical compound with the formula . It is an oxyacid of nitrogen, after peroxynitrous acid. | It is a benzenediol comprising benzene core carrying two hydroxy substituents para to each other. It has a role as a cofactor, a carcinogenic agent, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite, a skin lightening agent, an antioxidant and a mouse metabolite. It is a benzenediol and a member of hydroquinones. | 0 |
It is a carbamate ester and a member of benzodioxoles. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, a carbamate insecticide and an agrochemical. It is functionally related to a methylcarbamic acid. | It is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, a photosensitizing agent and an antitubercular agent. It is a quinolone, a N-arylpiperazine, a quinolinemonocarboxylic acid, a quinolone antibiotic and a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. | 0 |
It is an organic compound that is produced by the oxidation of uric acid. The conversion is a major pathway in the antioxidant properties of urate. The conversion is catalysed by urate oxidase.
It rearranges to allantoin. | It is a natural product found in Homo sapiens and Caenorhabditis elegans with data available. | 1 |
It (DMAP) is a derivative of pyridine with the chemical formula (CH)NCHN. This white solid is of interest because it is more basic than pyridine, owing to the resonance stabilisation from the NMe substituent.
Because of its basicity, DMAP is a useful nucleophilic catalyst for a variety of reactions such as esterifications with anhydrides, the Baylis-Hillman reaction, hydrosilylations, tritylation, the Steglich rearrangement, Staudinger synthesis of β-lactams and many more. Chiral DMAP analogues are used in kinetic resolution experiments of mainly secondary alcohols and Evans auxiliary type amides. | It is a natural product found in Panax ginseng with data available. | 1 |
3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl acetate is a monoterpenoid that is the acetate ester of linalool. It forms a principal component of the essential oils from bergamot and lavender. It is an acetate ester and a monoterpenoid. It is functionally related to a linalool. | It (N,N-DMPEA) is a substituted phenethylamine that is used as a flavoring agent. It is an alkaloid that was first isolated from the orchid Eria jarensis. Its aroma is described as "sweet, fishy". It is mainly used in cereal, cheese, dairy products, fish, fruit and meat. It is also being used in pre-workout and bodybuilding supplements with claims of a stimulant effect.
There is also evidence suggesting that N,N-DMPEA acts as a TAAR1 agonist in humans, and as a 5-HT1A ligand in rats. Some less conclusive research also indicated that it had interaction with MAO-B, most likely as an enzyme substrate and not an inhibitor.
N,N-DMPEA is a positional isomer of methamphetamine. Instead of the methyl group attached to the alpha position of phenylethylamine, it's attached to the nitrogen group. Both substances have the chemical formula CHN. | 0 |
It is the organosulfur compound with the formula S(CH=CH). A colorless liquid with a faint odor, it is found in some species of Allium.
It is notable as the product from hydrogen sulfide and acetylene, a combination that arises when acetylene is generated by hydrolysis of technical-grade calcium carbide, which contains impurities of calcium sulfide.
Divinylsulfide was first prepared in 1920 by the reaction of bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide with sodium ethoxide:
:(ClCHCH)S + 2 NaOEt → (CH=CH)S + 2 EtOH + 2 NaCl | It (INN), also known as fluoroformylone, is a corticosteroid used in dermatology and ophthalmology.
It was introduced in around 1970 and is not known to be marketed . | 0 |
It is a member of barbiturates. | It is a natural product found in Otanthus maritimus, Tetradenia riparia, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a steroid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetic acid with the 17-hydroxy group of cyproterone. It is an antiandrogenic drug which has recently been recognized to promote the occurrence and growth of intracranial meningiomas. It has a role as an androgen antagonist, a progestin and a geroprotector. It is a 20-oxo steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, a chlorinated steroid, a steroid ester and an acetate ester. It is functionally related to a cyproterone. | It is an α agonist medication used to treat open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and rosacea. In rosacea it improves the redness. It is used as eye drops or applied to the skin.
Common side effects when used in the eyes include itchiness, redness, and a dry mouth. Common side effects when used on the skin include redness, burning, and headaches. More significant side effects may include allergic reactions and low blood pressure. Use in pregnancy appears to be safe. When applied to the eye it works by decreasing the amount of aqueous humor made while increasing the amount that drains from the eye. When applied to the skin it works by causing blood vessels to contract.
It was patented in 1972 and came into medical use in 1996. It is available as a generic medication. In 2021, it was the 160th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3million prescriptions. | 0 |
It is a benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a phthalate(1-). | It, also known as 1-cetene, is a long-chain hydrocarbon and an alkene with the molecular formula CH=CH(CH)CH. It is one of many isomers of hexadecene. Classified as an alpha-olefin, 1-hexadecene is a colorless liquid.
It is used as a surfactant in lubricating fluid, a drilling fluid in the boring and drilling industry, and in paper sizing.
However, the high reactivity of 1-hexadecene means that exposure to air could cause oxidation of its surface layer, forming unwanted impurities. It is stored with the use of tank blanketing, and handled in a dry, inert atmosphere. | 0 |
It or 6-hydroxymethylacylfulvene (also known as HMAF of MGI-114) is an experimental antitumor agent. It belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.
It inhibits the DNA replication of cells deficient in nucleotide excision repair in culture.
It is an analogue of illudin S, a sesquiterpene toxin found in the Jack o Lantern mushroom (Omphalotus illudens). The compound was originally synthesized by Dr. Trevor McMorris and found to have anticancer properties in mice by Dr. Michael J Kelner.
__TOC__ | It, also called nonanaldehyde, pelargonaldehyde or Aldehyde C-9, is an aldehyde. A colourless, oily liquid, nonanal is a component of perfumes. Although it occurs in several natural oils, it is produced commercially by hydroformylation of 1-octene. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Streptomyces lavendulae, Streptomyces exfoliatus, and other organisms with data available. | It is an organic thiophosphate and an organothiophosphate insecticide. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, an agrochemical and an antinematodal drug. | 0 |
It is a carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market. It has a role as a non-narcotic analgesic, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and an inhibitor. It is an organochlorine compound, a secondary amino compound, a glycol, a carboxylic ester and an aminoquinoline. It is functionally related to a glycerol and an anthranilic acid. | It is a chemical compound with the structural formula HNCO, which is often written as . It is a colourless, volatile and poisonous substance, with a boiling point of 23.5 °C. It is the predominant tautomer and an isomer of cyanic acid (aka. cyanol) ().
The derived anion of isocyanic acid is the same as the derived anion of cyanic acid, and that anion is , which is called cyanate. The related functional group is isocyanate; it is distinct from cyanate (), fulminate (), and nitrile oxide ().
It was discovered in 1830 by Justus von Liebig and Friedrich Wöhler.
It is the simplest stable chemical compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, the four most commonly found elements in organic chemistry and biology. It is the only fairly stable one of the four linear isomers with molecular formula HOCN that have been synthesized, the others being cyanic acid (cyanol, ) and the elusive fulminic acid () and isofulminic acid . | 0 |
It is a stilbenoid. | It is a 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol which has been substituted at the 15alpha and 16alpha positions by two additional hydroxy groups. It is a natural estrogen produced exclusively during pregnancy by the fetal liver. It has a role as an estrogen, an estrogen receptor agonist, a human metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite and an oral contraceptive. It is a 3-hydroxy steroid, a 17beta-hydroxy steroid, a 16alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 15alpha-hydroxy steroid and a steroid hormone. It derives from a hydride of an estrane. | 0 |
It (DMBA) is a reagent used to specifically quantify phlorotannins. This product reacts specifically with 1,3-and 1,3,5-substituted phenols (e.g., phlorotannins) to form a colored product. | Pentan-2-ol is a secondary alcohol that is pentane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It has a role as a polar solvent, a fragrance and a plant metabolite. It is a secondary alcohol and a pentanol. | 0 |
It is a second-generation oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted at C-3 with a hydroxyethyl-substituted tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries 7alpha-methoxy and 7beta-{2-[(difluoromethyl)thiomethyl]acetamido} substituents. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a N-acyl-amino acid, an oxacephem and an organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic. | It is a gadolinium coordination entity that consists of Gd(3+) coordinated to 3,6,9-triazaundecadiamide in which each of the amide nitrogens is substituted by a 2-methoxyethyl group and in which the nitrogens at positions 3, 6, and 9 are each substituted by carboxylatomethyl group. The gadolinium is coordinated to the three tertiary amino groups as well as to the carboxylate groups. A white odourless powder that is freely soluble in water, gadoversetamide has paramagnetic properties and is used as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging. It distributes mainly in extracellular fluid, but does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It is used particularly in imaging the brain, spine and liver. It has a role as a MRI contrast agent. | 0 |
It is a member of imidazoles and a C-nitro compound. | It is a selenium coordination entity. | 0 |
It is a derivative of indazole-3-carboxylic acid, which for a long time, has been known to inhibit aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. It seems to enhance aerobic glycolysis in normal cells, but suppress glycolysis in cancer cells. This is most likely through the inhibition of the mitochondrially bound hexokinase. Later studies in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells showed that lonidamine inhibits both respiration and glycolysis leading to a decrease in cellular ATP.
Clinical trials of lonidamine in combination with other anticancer agents for a variety of cancers has begun. This is due to its proven ability to inhibit energy metabolism in cancer cells, and to enhance the activity of anticancer agents.
It has been used in the treatment of brain tumours in combination with radiotherapy and temozolomide. An in-vitro study showed that a combination of temozolomide and lonidamine at clinically achievable, low plasma concentrations, could inhibit tumour growth, and lonidamine could reduce the dose of temozolomide required for radiosensitization of brain tumours.
A derivative of lonidamine, gamendazole, is in testing as a possible male contraceptive pill. | It is a member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole that is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by 2,4-dichlorobenzyl and carboxy groups, respectively. It has a role as an antispermatogenic agent, an antineoplastic agent, a geroprotector and an EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor. It is a member of indazoles, a dichlorobenzene and a monocarboxylic acid. | 1 |
Octodecanal is a long-chain aldehyde, with the chemical formula CHO (also known as stearyl aldehyde). It is used by several species of insect as a pheromone. | It is a diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6 while one of hydrogens of each amino group is replaced respectively by an ethyl and a propan-2-yl group. It has a role as a herbicide, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is a chloro-1,3,5-triazine and a diamino-1,3,5-triazine. It is functionally related to a 6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine. | 0 |
Subsets and Splits