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Agaritine is a carbohydrazide, a L-glutamic acid derivative, a member of benzyl alcohols and a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid. It is a tautomer of an agaritine zwitterion. | 尼氟灭酸（英語：Niflumic acid；别名尼氟酸、氟尼酸）是一种治疗关节和肌肉疼痛的药物。它被归类为环氧合酶-2的抑制剂。在实验生物学中，尼氟灭酸也应用于抑制氯离子通道。还有报道称，尼氟灭酸能够作用于GABA-A及NMDA受体通道，并能阻滞T-型钙离子通道。 | 0 |
Neopentyl glycol is a propane-1,3-diol carrying two methyl groups at position 2. | 新戊二醇，分子式C5H12O2，有机化合物，常用于化学纤维、涂料、润滑剂等的合成生产过程中。 | 1 |
Phenylalanine is a natural product found in Trichoderma virens, Salvia hispanica, and other organisms with data available. | 烟酰胺单核苷酸（英語：Nicotinamide Mononucleotide，缩写“NMN”或“β-NMN”）是一种由核糖和烟酰胺衍生的核苷酸。与烟酰胺核糖苷一样，NMN是烟酸的衍生物，人类也有利用NMN生成烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)的酶。在小鼠中，NMN在10分钟内通过小肠进入细胞，通过Slc12a8 NMN转运体转化为NAD+。
烟酰胺核苷(NR)激酶对NR和NMN的外源性利用至关重要。 当外源性给药时，NMN必须转化为NR才能进入细胞并被重新磷酸化回NMN。NR和NMN都易受CD38环ADP核糖水解酶的胞外降解，而CD38酶可被CD38- in -78c.等化合物抑制。 | 0 |
Lamivudine is a natural product found in Schisandra bicolor and Vitex tripinnata with data available. | 二甘醇酸是一种有机化合物，化学式为C4H6O5，它可由浓硝酸氧化二甘醇制得：
或通过氯乙酸和氢氧化钠溶液加热得到：
它可用作配体。 | 0 |
Propamidine is an antiseptic and disinfectant.
Propamidine isethionate, the salt of propamidine with isethionic acid, is used in the treatment of Acanthamoeba infection.
Propamidine is a member of the aromatic diamidine group of compounds which possess bacteriostatic properties against a wide range of organisms. These diamidines exert antibacterial action against pyrogenic cocci, antibiotic resistant staphylococci and some Gram-negative bacilli, the activity of the diamidines being retained in the presence of organic matter such as tissue fluids, pus and serum. | 洛克沙砷（Roxarsone），或稱「洛克沙生」，正式名稱為「4-Hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenearsonic acid」，是一種有機砷化合物。目前被台灣、美國、日本、中國及拉丁美洲（歐盟除外）等許多國家列為動物用藥品，抗菌劑類藥，具抗生素和促進生長的作用。但後來發現容易經由食物鏈造成環境的無機砷污染（即砒霜），因此，1999年時歐盟已明令禁止使用洛克沙砷作為雞隻的飼料添加用藥物。目前各國所訂定雞肉中之殘留此毒物的容許量為0.5ppm。 | 0 |
Methylcyclopentane is a cycloalkane that is cyclopentane substituted by a single methyl group. It has a role as a human metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is a cycloalkane and a volatile organic compound. It derives from a hydride of a cyclopentane. | 亚硝基苯是化學式為C6H5NO的有有機化合物。为黄绿色晶体，不溶于水，溶于乙醇，醇溶液呈绿色。见光易分解。CAS編號為586-96-9，分子量為107.11。 | 0 |
Tabtoxin is a natural product found in Pseudomonas syringae with data available. | 均三甲苯（mesitylene），又名1,3,5-三甲苯、𱽥，分子式C9H12，是苯环上三个氢对称地被三个甲基取代而得到的芳香烃。 | 0 |
Phenobarbital is a member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups. It has a role as an anticonvulsant, a sedative, an excitatory amino acid antagonist and a drug allergen. | 六氟丙酮（HFA）是一种有机氟化合物，化学式为(CF3)2CO。它结构上与丙酮相似但性质不同。它是无色、易潮解的氣体，不可燃，有霉味。它可以以水合物（·n H2O）——偕二醇的形式存在。 | 0 |
Dehydroacetic acid is an organic compound which has several industrial applications. The compound is classified as a pyrone derivative. It presents as an odorless, colorless to white crystalline powder, almost insoluble in water and moderately soluble in most organic solvents. | 利巴韦林（英語：Ribavirin，俗称病毒唑），是一种抗病毒药，属合成核苷类药，1970年由ICN制药公司Joseph T. Witkowski合成。对许多DNA和RNA病毒有抑制作用，其机理尚不清楚。美國食品藥物管理局（FDA）只许可用于配合长效干扰素治療丙肝、人類呼吸道融合病毒（RSV），和某些出血热(WHO)的治疗。 | 0 |
Halosulfuron-methyl is a member of pyrazoles. | 异柠檬酸（英語：Isocitric acid）是质子化了的异柠檬酸盐，在落地生根属（Bryophyllum）等多汁植物的叶、或悬钩子类中特别多，是三羧酸循环中的一个酶作用物。异柠檬酸是在乌头酸酶的酶促反应下由柠檬酸生成的，在异柠檬酸脱氢酶的作用下形成草酰琥珀酸。它的盐和酯被称为异柠檬酸盐。异柠檬酸是柠檬酸的结构异构体。由于柠檬酸和异柠檬酸是结构异构体，因此它们具有相似的物理和化学性质。由于这些相似的性质，异构体的分离很困难。 | 0 |
Epinastine is a benzazepine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine in which the azepine ring is fused to the e side of 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine. It has a role as an anti-allergic agent, a histamine antagonist, an ophthalmology drug and a H1-receptor antagonist. It is a member of guanidines and a benzazepine. | 泛解酸（英語：Pantoic acid）是一种有机化合物，也称为2,4-二羟基-3,3-二甲基丁酸（2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid）结构简式HOCH2C(CH3)2CH(OH)CO2H，属于Ω-羟基与α-羟基酸，其与β-丙氨酸形成的酰胺称为泛酸，辅酶A（维生素B5）的组成成分之一。 | 0 |
Pinazepam is a benzodiazepine. | 依他硝唑（英語：Etanidazole）是一种在臨床試驗中的5-硝基咪唑类药物，分子式C7H10N4O4，可抑制谷胱甘肽S-转移酶，使机体对游離輻射更敏感。 | 0 |
Diphosphoric acid is an acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a phosphorus oxoacid and an acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride. It is a conjugate acid of a diphosphate(1-). | 溴酸盐是溴酸形成的盐类，含有三角锥型的溴酸根离子—BrO3−，其中溴的氧化态为+5。溴酸盐（如溴酸钡、溴酸银等）都可溶于水，一些碱式盐除外。 | 0 |
Syringic acid is a dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of benzoic acids, a dimethoxybenzene and a member of phenols. It is functionally related to a gallic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a syringate. | 阿司匹林（英語：Aspirin），也称乙酰水杨酸（英語：acetylsalicylic acid，簡稱：ASA），是一種水杨酸类药物，通常用作止痛剂、退烧药和消炎药，亦能用於治療某些特定的發炎性疾病，例如川崎氏病、心包炎，以及風溼熱等等。心肌梗塞後馬上給藥能降低死亡的風險。本品也能防止血小板在血管破损处凝集，有抗凝作用。高心血管風險患者长期低剂量服用可预防心脏病、中风与血栓。该药还可有效预防特定幾种癌症，特别是直肠癌。對於止痛及發燒而言，口服後藥效一般會於30分鐘內發揮。阿司匹林是一种非甾体抗炎药（NSAID），在抗發炎的角色上與其他NSAID類似，但阿斯匹靈還具有抗血小板凝集（antiplatelet）的效果。
本品是当今世界上应用最广泛的药物之一，每年的消费量约40,000公噸（約500至1200億錠）。本品列名於世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单之中，為基礎公衛體系必備藥物之一。本品屬於學名藥，截至2014年 (2014-Missing required parameter 1month!)，每月劑量在美國的價格低於25.00美金。 | 0 |
Octadecanal is an alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde. | 1,3-丙磺酸内酯是一种有机硫化合物，化学式为(CH2)3SO3，它是一种磺酸内酯，为环状的磺酸酯化合物。它是容易熔化的无色晶体。 | 0 |
Octane is a straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms. It has a role as a xenobiotic. | 1-二十六烷醇是一种含有26个碳原子的饱和伯脂肪醇，在室温下是白色的蜡状固体。它易溶于氯仿，不溶于水。它自然出现于许多植物种类的表皮蜡质和植物角质层中。 | 0 |
Bromothymol blue is a member of the class of 2,1-benzoxathioles that is 2,1-benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methylphenyl groups. It has a role as an acid-base indicator, a dye and a two-colour indicator. It is a 2,1-benzoxathiole, an arenesulfonate ester, an organobromine compound, a polyphenol and a sultone. | 溴百里酚蓝（英語：Bromothymol blue）是一种酸碱指示剂。其主要用于需要测量具有相对中性（pH接近7）的物质的应用。常见用途是测量液体中碳酸的存在。其通常以固体形式作为酸碱指示剂的钠盐出售。 | 1 |
Acrylamide is a member of the class of acrylamides that results from the formal condensation of acrylic acid with ammonia. It has a role as a carcinogenic agent, a neurotoxin, a mutagen, an alkylating agent and a Maillard reaction product. It is a N-acylammonia, a primary carboxamide and a member of acrylamides. It is functionally related to an acrylic acid. | 砷甜菜鹼（英語：Arsenobetaine）是一種有機砷化合物，它是魚類中砷的主要來源。砷甜菜鹼是俗稱甜菜鹼的甘胺酸甜菜鹼的砷類似物。砷甜菜鹼的生物化學性質以及生物合成過程均與膽鹼和甜菜鹼相似。
砷甜菜鹼是海洋生物系統中的一種常見物質。與許多有機砷化合物（如三甲基胂）不同，砷甜菜鹼的毒性相對較低。
自1920年，人們就已經發現海魚含有有機砷化合物。但直到1977年才確定了最主要存在形式砷甜菜鹼的化學結構。 | 0 |
Piperidione (trade name Sedulon) is a sedative drug, structurally related to methyprylon and pyrithyldione.
It used to be marketed by Roche as a cough medicine available in liquid form. In the US, it was approved by the FDA on grounds of safety alone in 1947. After Roche failed to submit evidence of efficacy to the Drug Efficacy Study Implementation program in 1972, it was withdrawn from the US market. | 異硫氰酸烯丙酯（Allyl isothiocyanate, AITC），是一種有機硫化合物，其化學式為CH2CHCH2NCS。 | 0 |
Isomaltose is a glycosylglucose consisting of two D-glucopyranose units connected by an alpha-(1->6)-linkage. It has a role as a metabolite, a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. | 百灭宁(英文：Permethrin)，即苄氯菊酯，是一种抗寄生虫的药物，外用百灭宁用于皮肤，主要治疗疥疮、头虱。它也是一种杀虫剂, 以NIX， ORTHO等品牌出售。作为杀虫剂，可将其喷洒在衣服或蚊帐上，以杀死接触它们的昆虫。 它可以生物降解(biodegradable). | 0 |
Mupirocin, sold under the brand name Bactroban among others, is a topical antibiotic useful against superficial skin infections such as impetigo or folliculitis. It may also be used to get rid of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) when present in the nose without symptoms. Due to concerns of developing resistance, use for greater than ten days is not recommended. It is used as a cream or ointment applied to the skin.
Common side effects include itchiness and rash at the site of application, headache, and nausea. Long term use may result in increased growth of fungi. Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding appears to be safe. Mupirocin is chemically a carboxylic acid. It works by blocking a bacteria's ability to make protein, which usually results in bacterial death.
Mupirocin was initially isolated in 1971 from Pseudomonas fluorescens. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In 2022, it was the 162nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3 million prescriptions. It is available as a generic medication. | 沙奎那韦（Saquinavir, SQV），商品名Invirase和Fortovase，為一種抗反轉錄病毒藥物，可與其他藥物合併治療愛滋病。通常會與ritonavir或快利佳合併使用，該藥屬於口服藥物。
沙奎那維於1995年首次上市，並列名於世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单之中，為基礎公衛體系必備藥物之一。 本品迄今仍非學名藥，因此價格相當昂貴。 一日劑量的批發價約為4.50美金左右。 | 0 |
2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2, 2-MeO-E2) is a natural metabolite of estradiol and 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE2). It is specifically the 2-methyl ether of 2-hydroxyestradiol. 2-Methoxyestradiol prevents the formation of new blood vessels that tumors need in order to grow (angiogenesis), hence it is an angiogenesis inhibitor. It also acts as a vasodilator and induces apoptosis in some cancer cell lines. 2-Methoxyestradiol is derived from estradiol, although it interacts poorly with the estrogen receptors (2,000-fold lower activational potency relative to estradiol). However, it retains activity as a high-affinity agonist of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) (10 nM, relative to 3–6 nM for estradiol). | 麦司卡林（mescaline，mescalin）又称3,4,5-三甲氧基苯乙胺，俗稱仙人掌毒鹼，属于苯乙胺的衍生物。它是从乌羽玉属物種的種籽、花球中提取出来的致幻毒品，能产生强烈的幻听、幻视作用。因致幻效果与LSD和裸盖菇素相当而闻名。 | 0 |
Indoline is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formulation C8H9N. It has a bicyclic structure, consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered nitrogen-containing ring. The compound is based on the indole structure, but the 2-3 bond is saturated. By oxidation/dehydrogenation it can be converted to indole.
Indoline can be produced from the reaction of indole, zinc and 85% phosphoric acid. It was used to make Indocaine. | 甲醛（英語：Formaldehyde），又称蚁醛，化学式為
CH
2
O
，是天然存在的有機化合物，也是一種无色的刺激性气体，易溶於水，对人眼、鼻、皮膚等有刺激作用。體積百分比40%的甲醛水溶液又稱福尔马林（Formalin）。气体相对密度1.067（空气為1），液体密度0.815g/cm³（-20℃）。它主要用於生產工業樹脂，例如刨花板和塗料。1996年甲醛的每年生產量約為870萬噸，2022年全球生产量则为1.89亿吨。2011年美國國家毒物計劃描述甲醛為「人類已知的致癌物」。 | 0 |
Haloperidol is a compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety. It has a role as a serotonergic antagonist, a first generation antipsychotic, a dopaminergic antagonist, an antidyskinesia agent and an antiemetic. It is a hydroxypiperidine, an organofluorine compound, an aromatic ketone, a tertiary alcohol and a member of monochlorobenzenes. | 硫氰酸甲酯是一种有机化合物，化学式为CH3SCN。它是有洋葱气味的无色液体，由硫氰酸盐的甲基化反应制备。它是其异构体异硫氰酸甲酯的前驱体。 | 0 |
Protokylol is a member of benzodioxoles. | 普罗托醇（英語：Protokylol或Ventaire）是一种含氮有机化合物，化学式为C18H21NO5，能作为β-肾上腺素受体的激动剂，可用作支气管扩张药。 | 1 |
Nifedipine is a dihydropyridine, a methyl ester and a C-nitro compound. It has a role as a calcium channel blocker, a vasodilator agent, a tocolytic agent and a human metabolite. | 非那斯特萊會抑制頭髮毛囊的第二型5α還原酶（type 2 5-alpha reductase），使双氢睾酮（Dihydrotestosterone，DHT）的濃度降低。這是由於第二型5α還原酶能夠將睪固酮轉換成双氢睾酮，DHT即是掉髮的元凶，因此非那斯特萊能有效減少掉髮。但有可能會降低性能力，停用藥物後，性功能障礙症狀會消失，但還會持續掉髮。亦有少數報告指出可能會引起憂鬱及自殺傾向。柔沛（Propecia 保康絲）的主成份即是非那斯特萊。非那斯特莱的生物半衰期是6小時，容易被小腸吸收。 | 0 |
Prednisolone is a corticosteroid, a steroid hormone used to treat certain types of allergies, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders, and cancers. Some of these conditions include adrenocortical insufficiency, high blood calcium, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis, eye inflammation, asthma, and multiple sclerosis. It can be taken by mouth, injected into a vein, used topically as a skin cream, or as eye drops. It differs from the similarly named prednisone in having a hydroxyl at the 11th carbon instead of a ketone.
Common side effects with short-term use include nausea, difficulty concentrating, insomnia, increased appetite, and fatigue. More severe side effects include psychiatric problems, which may occur in about 5% of people. Common side effects with long-term use include bone loss, weakness, yeast infections, and easy bruising. While short-term use in the later part of pregnancy is safe, long-term use or use in early pregnancy is occasionally associated with harm to the baby. It is a glucocorticoid made from hydrocortisone (cortisol).
Prednisolone was discovered and approved for medical use in 1955. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic drug. In 2022, it was the 136th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4 million prescriptions. | 白屈菜碱又名毛茛碱，是由罂粟科植物白屈菜的全草中提取分离而得。 | 0 |
Swainsonine is an indolizidine alkaloid. It is a potent inhibitor of Golgi alpha-mannosidase II, an immunomodulator, and a potential chemotherapy drug. As a toxin in locoweed (likely its primary toxin) it also is a significant cause of economic losses in livestock industries, particularly in North America. It was first isolated from Swainsona canescens. | 氯化亞碸，又名亞硫醯氯、氯化亞硫醯、二氯亚砜等，是一种无机化合物，化学式是SOCl2。常温常压下，它是无色或黃色、可蒸馏的液体，140°C时分解。SOCl2有时易与硫酰氯（SO2Cl2）相混淆，但它们的化学性质差别很大。 | 0 |
Tetracaine is a benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia. It has a role as a local anaesthetic. It is a benzoate ester and a tertiary amino compound. | 吡咯-3-甲脒是一种有机化合物，化学式C5H7N3，源自于番茉莉属的几种植物，具有惊厥作用和神经毒性。牛、狗等家畜食用了这些植物可能引发中毒，其症状与番木鳖碱相似，可持续几小时到数天。 | 0 |
Estriol (E3), also spelled oestriol, is a steroid, a weak estrogen, and a minor female sex hormone. It is one of three major endogenous estrogens, the others being estradiol and estrone. Levels of estriol in women who are not pregnant are almost undetectable. However, during pregnancy, estriol is synthesized in very high quantities by the placenta and is the most produced estrogen in the body by far, although circulating levels of estriol are similar to those of other estrogens due to a relatively high rate of metabolism and excretion. Relative to estradiol, both estriol and estrone have far weaker activity as estrogens.
In addition to its role as a natural hormone, estriol is used as a medication, for instance in menopausal hormone therapy; for information on estriol as a medication, see the estriol (medication) article. | 氟氫可體松（Fludrocortisone），商品名包括富能錠（Florinef）等，是一种口服的皮質類固醇，用于治疗先天性腎上腺增生症、直立性低血壓和肾上腺功能不全 。紿療肾上腺功能不全時，常與氫羥腎上腺皮質素併用。最常見的是醋酸盐化合物。 | 0 |
Busulfan is a methanesulfonate ester that is butane-1,4-diol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups are replaced by methanesulfonyl groups. An alkylating antineoplastic agent, it is used for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (although it has been largely replaced by newer drugs). It is also used as an insect sterilant. It has a role as an insect sterilant, an antineoplastic agent, a teratogenic agent, a carcinogenic agent and an alkylating agent. It is functionally related to a butane-1,4-diol. | 乐果（英文：Dimethoate）是一种常见的有机磷农药，化学名为：O,O-二甲基-S-（N-甲基氨基甲酰甲基）二硫代磷酸酯。很臭，杀虫作用好，特别是杀蚜虫、螟虫和螨效果特别好，而且对人的毒性比较低。具有抗胆碱酯酶功能。 | 0 |
Silicon carbide (SiC), also known as carborundum (), is a hard chemical compound containing silicon and carbon. A wide bandgap semiconductor, it occurs in nature as the extremely rare mineral moissanite, but has been mass-produced as a powder and crystal since 1893 for use as an abrasive. Grains of silicon carbide can be bonded together by sintering to form very hard ceramics that are widely used in applications requiring high endurance, such as car brakes, car clutches and ceramic plates in bulletproof vests. Large single crystals of silicon carbide can be grown by the Lely method and they can be cut into gems known as synthetic moissanite.
Electronic applications of silicon carbide such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and detectors in early radios were first demonstrated around 1907. SiC is used in semiconductor electronics devices that operate at high temperatures or high voltages, or both. | 高香草醇（英語：Homovanillyl alcohol），化学式C9H12O3，是羟基酪醇的代谢产物，羟基酪醇是神经递质多巴胺的代谢产物。 | 0 |
Troleandomycin (TAO for short) is a macrolide antibiotic. It was sold in Italy (branded Triocetin) and Turkey (branded Tekmisin). It is no longer sold in Italy as of 2018.
The drug's mode of action is to bind to the ribosome, specifically in the tunnel through which the newly formed peptide egresses, thereby halting protein synthesis.
Troleandomycin is a CYP3A4 inhibitor that may cause drug interactions. | 酪氨酸（Tyrosine, 縮寫為 Tyr or Y） 或 4 - 羥基苯丙氨酸, 是細胞用來合成蛋白質的22種胺基酸之一，在細胞中可用於合成蛋白質，其密碼子為UAC和UAU，屬於含有極性側基，人體可自行合成的非必需胺基酸。單詞“酪氨酸”是來自希臘語 tyros，意思奶酪。19世紀初被德國的化學家尤斯图斯·冯·李比希首先在起司的酪蛋白中發現， ，當用作於官能基或側基時則稱做酪氨酰。 | 0 |
Testosterone is an androstanoid having 17beta-hydroxy and 3-oxo groups, together with unsaturation at C-4-C-5.. It has a role as an androgen, a human metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 17beta-hydroxy steroid, an androstanoid, a C19-steroid and a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid. | 磺胺甲氧哒嗪是一种磺胺类药物，其INN名称是“Sulfamethoxypyridazine”。该药物可用于治疗由细菌感染引起的疾病等病症。该药物在血液中的半衰期尚不明确。该药物是哒嗪的一种磺胺类衍生物。该药物除抗菌外，也能起到抑制二氢蝶酸合成酶（EC 2.5.1.15）的作用。 | 0 |
Epietiocholanolone is a 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is 5beta-androstane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3beta and an oxo group at position 17. It is a metabolite of testosterone. It has a role as an androgen, a human blood serum metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a rat metabolite and an animal metabolite. It is a 3beta-hydroxy steroid, a 17-oxo steroid and an androstanoid. It derives from a hydride of a 5beta-androstane. | 草铵膦（英語：Glufosinate），其铵盐草丁膦（phosphinotricin）是一种非选择性除草剂。其作用机理是干扰谷氨酸的生物合成及氨的解毒。 | 0 |
Trehalose is a disaccharide formed by a (1<->1)-glycosidic bond between two units of D-glucose. | 海藻糖（Trehalose）是自然界的动植物和微生物中广泛存在的一种双糖，它是由2个葡萄糖通过 α,α-1,1-糖苷键所形成的非还原糖，按其化学结构可写成 α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→1)-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷。此外还有α,β-型的新海藻糖和β,β-型的异海藻糖两种异构体，但在自然界中很少见。生物合成海藻糖是为了储存能量和吸收水分，用来对抗冰冻和缺水。 | 1 |
Procaterol is a member of quinolines. | 胞嘧啶（C）（英語：cytosine），學名為2-羰基-4-氨基嘧啶，是组成DNA的四种基本碱基之一。胞嘧啶核苷、胞嘧啶核苷酸均可作为升高白细胞（白血球）的药物。可由2-硫脲嘧啶、浓氨水和氯乙酸为原料合成制得。 | 0 |
Trioxidane is an inorganic hydroxy compound. | 白屈菜碱又名毛茛碱，是由罂粟科植物白屈菜的全草中提取分离而得。 | 0 |
Nonanal is a saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of nonanoic acid. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism. It has a role as a human metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is a saturated fatty aldehyde, a n-alkanal and a medium-chain fatty aldehyde. It is functionally related to a nonanoic acid. | 柔胺（英語：Daunosamine），又称六碳氨糖或柔红糖胺，是一种含氮有机化合物，化学式C6H13NO3，属于一种脱氧氨基糖，特别是己糖胺，是许多抗生素的组成成分。
。 | 0 |
Adrenosterone is a 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene carrying three oxo-substituents at positions 3, 11 and 17. It has a role as an androgen, a human urinary metabolite, a marine metabolite and an EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor. It is a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, a 17-oxo steroid, an androstanoid and an 11-oxo steroid. It derives from a hydride of an androstane. | 庚烷的化學式为C7H16，烷烴中的第七個成員。有9種同分異構體，若考虑到光学异构则有11种同分异构体：
其中大多數存於石油的汽油餾出物中。
其直链化合物是正庚烷CH3(CH2)5CH3（沸點98℃）。
汽油發動機中引起爆震，危害極大。 | 0 |
Desogestrel is a 17beta-hydroxy steroid and a terminal acetylenic compound. It has a role as a contraceptive drug, a progestin and a synthetic oral contraceptive. | 磺达嗪（INN：sulforidazine）是一种典型抗精神病药和硫利达嗪的代谢产物。它与美索达嗪都比母体化合物更有效，这表明了硫利达嗪的药理反应可能主要是其代谢产生活性化合物的结果。 | 0 |
Alitame is a dipeptide. | 阿力甜（英語：Alitame），又称L-天门冬酞-D-丙氨酞胺 ，是一种合成的二肽酰胺甜味剂
阿力甜发现者James G. Sweeny等人在论文中描述阿力甜为比蔗糖甜1200倍。在美國專利第4,411,925号中，描述这类二肽甜味剂呈味原理是基于NH-CH(环丙基)-叔丁基结构（Ex 6），同时NH-CH(环丙基)2结构（Ex 6）也是蔗糖甜度的1200倍，这些结构是这类甜味剂选材的第二梯队。含有四甲基硫化三亚酰胺的Ex 16结构对于阿力甜更合适。不过在氧化为磺酰基（Ex 17）后可以将其活性降低到1000。 | 1 |
Oxalosuccinic acid is a substrate of the citric acid cycle. It is acted upon by isocitrate dehydrogenase. Salts and esters of oxalosuccinic acid are known as oxalosuccinates.
Oxalosuccinic acid/oxalosuccinate is an unstable 6-carbon intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It's a keto acid, formed during the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate, which is catalyzed by the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase. Isocitrate is first oxidized by coenzyme NAD+ to form oxalosuccinic acid/oxalosuccinate. Oxalosuccinic acid is both an alpha-keto and a beta-keto acid (an unstable compound) and it is the beta-ketoic property that allows the loss of carbon dioxide in the enzymatic reaction in conversion to the five-carbon molecule 2-oxoglutarate. | 烟碱烯是一种有机化合物，化学式为C10H10N2。它可由烟碱的催化脱氢反应制得；1-甲基吡咯和3-溴吡啶在二异丙基乙胺存在下、9,10-二氰基蒽的催化下于乙腈中反应，也能得到产物。 | 0 |
Potassium hydride, KH, is the inorganic compound of potassium and hydrogen. It is an alkali metal hydride. It is a white solid, although commercial samples appear gray. It is a powerful superbase that is useful in organic synthesis. It is sold commercially as a slurry (~35%) in mineral oil or sometimes paraffin wax to facilitate dispensing. | 吩嗪（C12H8N2或C6H4N2C6H4），又称夹二氮（杂）蒽、二苯并吡嗪是一种二苯并环状的吡嗪，也是许多染料的原料，例如二氨吖嗪、中性红、对氮蒽蓝和番红精等。 | 0 |
Tybamate (INN; Solacen, Tybatran, Effisax) is an anxiolytic of the carbamate family. It is a prodrug for meprobamate in the same way as the better known drug carisoprodol. It has liver enzyme inducing effects similar to those of phenobarbital but much weaker.
As the trade name Tybatran (Robins), it was formerly available in capsules of 125, 250, and 350 mg, taken 3 or 4 times a day for a total daily dosage of 750 mg to 2 g. The plasma half-life of the drug is three hours. At high doses in combination with phenothiazines, it could produce convulsions. | 杀腺癌菌素（英語：Hadacidin）是一种含氮有机化合物，化学式C3H5NO4，属于腺苷酸合酶（adenylate synthase）的竞争性抑制剂，能用作抗癌药物。 | 0 |
Cepharanthine is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. It is a member of isoquinolines and a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid. | 八氟环丁烷（化学式：C4F8）是环丁烷的全氟衍生物。 | 0 |
Metronidazole is a member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death. It has a role as an antitrichomonal drug, a prodrug, an antibacterial drug, an antimicrobial agent, an antiparasitic agent, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant, a radiosensitizing agent and an antiamoebic agent. It is a member of imidazoles, a C-nitro compound and a primary alcohol. It is a conjugate base of a metronidazole(1+). | 绿谷隆是尿素衍生物，作为光合作用中光系统 II的抑制剂。绿谷隆可溶于水（0.735 g/l），易溶于有机溶剂（在丙酮、甲醇、甲苯中约200 g/l，在己烷中为3.9 g/l）。 | 0 |
Diltiazem is a 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension. It has a role as a calcium channel blocker, a vasodilator agent and an antihypertensive agent. It is a conjugate base of a diltiazem(1+). It is an enantiomer of an ent-diltiazem. | 没食子酸月桂酯（英語：Dodecyl gallate，也译为没食子酸十二酯）是一种有机化合物，是没食子酸与1-十二烷醇形成的酯，可作为食品添加剂，E编码E312。 | 0 |
Fluoranthene is a natural product found in Pinellia ternata and Elsholtzia ciliata with data available. | 荧蒽（英語：Fluoranthene），又名苯并苊、苯芴，化学式C16H10，是一种多环芳香烃，其名称来源于在紫外光下会发出荧光。荧蒽由萘与苯经五元环相连组成，这两个共轭体系是分离的，因而它在热力学上不如其同分异构体芘稳定。 | 1 |
Erythritol is the meso-diastereomer of butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol. It has a role as an antioxidant, a plant metabolite and a human metabolite. | 2-乙基己酸，结构式CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)COOH。 | 0 |
Ricinelaidic acid is a straight-chain, 18:1, long-chain fatty acid having a trans- double bond at position 9 and an R-oriented hydroxy group at position 12. It is a long-chain fatty acid, a straight-chain fatty acid and a hydroxy monounsaturated fatty acid. It is functionally related to an elaidic acid. | 异丙醇胺（英語：Isopropanolamine）或IUPAC名1-氨基丙-2-醇（英語：1-Aminopropan-2-ol）是分子式为CH3CH(OH)CH2NH2的有机化合物. 它是一种氨基醇。异丙醇胺还可以宽泛地指代其他同系物如二异丙醇胺和三异丙醇胺。 | 0 |
Silibinin is a flavonolignan isolated from milk thistle, Silybum marianum, that has been shown to exhibit antioxidant and antineoplastic activities. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, a hepatoprotective agent and a plant metabolite. It is a flavonolignan, a polyphenol, an aromatic ether, a benzodioxine and a secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone. | 全氟壬酸（英語：Perfluorononanoic acid，缩写PFNA）是一种人工合成的全氟羧酸和含氟表面活性剂，也是一种环境污染物，与其类似物全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟辛酸（PFOA）一样在人体和野生生物中有发现。 | 0 |
Cimicoxib is an imidazole substituted at positions 1, 4 and 5 by 4-aminosulfonylphenyl, chloro and 3-fluoro-4-methyoxyphenyl groups respectively. A selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it is used in veterinary medicine for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs. It has a role as a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is a sulfonamide, a member of imidazoles, an organochlorine compound, an organofluorine compound and an aromatic ether. | 西米昔布（INN：cimicoxib；开发代号：UR-8880），或译西米考昔，是一种非甾体类抗炎药，用于治疗狗与骨关节炎相关的疼痛和炎症，以及治疗与手术相关的疼痛和炎症。它是一种COX-2抑制剂。 | 1 |
Cadmium sulfide is the inorganic compound with the formula CdS. Cadmium sulfide is a yellow salt. It occurs in nature with two different crystal structures as the rare minerals greenockite and hawleyite, but is more prevalent as an impurity substituent in the similarly structured zinc ores sphalerite and wurtzite, which are the major economic sources of cadmium. As a compound that is easy to isolate and purify, it is the principal source of cadmium for all commercial applications. Its vivid yellow color led to its adoption as a pigment for the yellow paint "cadmium yellow" in the 1800s. | 喷布洛尔（英語：Penbutolol，商品名有Hostabloc、Betapressin等）是一种含氮有机化合物，化学式为C18H29NO2，可作为β受体阻滞剂，用于治疗高血压。 | 0 |
Girinimbine is a carbazole alkaloid isolated from the curry tree (Murraya koenigii) along with the related alkaloids mahanimbine, koenimbine, isomahanine, mahanine, and others.
A 2011 study of girinimbine found that it inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma, Hep G2 cells in vitro. | 文多灵（英語：Vindoline）是一种有机化合物，分子式C25H32N2O6，属于吲哚生物碱，是长春碱生物合成的前体，由水甘草碱合成。 | 0 |
Diquat is the organic cation formed formally by addition of an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms of 2,2'-bipyridine. Most often available as the dibromide. It has a role as a herbicide and a defoliant. It derives from a hydride of a 2,2'-bipyridine. | 正壬醛（英語：Nonanal，也称为天竺葵醛，pelargonaldehyde）是一种飽和脂肪醛，化学式C8H17CHO，常温常压下为无色油状液体，存在于香水以及一些生物油中，商用的壬醛由1-辛烯通过氢甲酰化反应来合成。 | 0 |
Tofisopam is an organic molecular entity. | 頭孢唑林 (英語：Cefazolin，也可拼寫為cephazolin，或是cefazoline)，是種第一代頭孢菌素類抗生素，用於治療多種病原細菌感染。特別是它可用於治療蜂窩性組織炎、泌尿道感染、肺炎、感染性心內膜炎、敗血性關節炎和急性膽管炎。它也在分娩前後和手術前使用，以預防B型鏈球菌感染。此藥物通常透過肌肉注射或是靜脈注射方式給藥。 | 0 |
Chlorquinaldol is a monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol which is substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and by chlorine at positions 5 and 7. An antifungal and antibacterial, it was formerly used for topical treatment of skin conditions and vaginal infections. It has a role as an antibacterial drug, an antiseptic drug and an antiprotozoal drug. It is an organochlorine compound and a monohydroxyquinoline. | (ClCH2CH2)2S + 2 NaOEt → (CH2=CH)2S + 2 EtOH + 2 NaCl | 0 |
Blasticidin S is a blasticidin that is an antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces griseochromogene. It has a role as a fungicide, a bacterial metabolite, an antimicrobial agent and a protein synthesis inhibitor. It is an antibiotic antifungal agent and a blasticidin. It is a conjugate base of a blasticidin S(1+). | 氧乐果对黏膜和皮肤有刺激，由于对其安全性的担忧，其毒性和潜在危害仍在研究中。联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织建议每日摄取容许量（ADI）为0.0003 mg/kg | 0 |
Phenylmagnesium bromide, with the simplified formula C6H5MgBr, is a magnesium-containing organometallic compound. It is commercially available as a solution in diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran (THF). Phenylmagnesium bromide is a Grignard reagent. It is often used as a synthetic equivalent for the phenyl "Ph−" synthon. | 苯基溴化镁是一种格氏试剂，化学式为C6H5MgBr。它可以在有机合成反应中提供苯基合成子。它在实验室可以通过溴苯和镁屑的反应得到，反应中需要加入少量的碘来活化镁，以引发反应。 | 1 |
Methoxyflurane, sold under the brand name Penthrox among others, is an inhaled medication primarily used to reduce pain following trauma. It may also be used for short episodes of pain as a result of medical procedures. Onset of pain relief is rapid and of a short duration. Use is only recommended with direct medical supervision.
Common side effects include anxiety, headache, sleepiness, cough, and nausea. Serious side effects may include kidney problems, liver problems, low blood pressure, and malignant hyperthermia. It is unclear if it is safe in either pregnancy or breastfeeding. It is only recommended in those who have a normal level of consciousness and stable blood pressure and heart rate. It is classified as a volatile anaesthetic.
It was first made in 1948 by William T. Miller and came into medical use in the 1960s. It was used as a general anesthetic from its introduction in 1960 until the late 1970s. In 1999, the manufacturer discontinued methoxyflurane in the United States, and in 2005 the Food and Drug Administration withdrew it from the market. It is still used in New Zealand, Australia, Ireland, and the United Kingdom for pain. | 锰酸盐广义上是指锰的含氧酸盐。但通常所说的锰酸盐特指MnO2−4离子所对应的+6价的锰酸盐。锰(VI)酸盐是唯一已知的含Mn(VI)的物种。 | 0 |
Ethinamate (Valamin, Valmid) is a short-acting carbamate-derivative sedative-hypnotic medication used to treat insomnia. Regular use leads to drug tolerance, and it is usually not effective for more than 7 days. Prolonged use can lead to dependence.
Ethinamate has been replaced by other medicines (particularly benzodiazepines), and it is not available in the Netherlands, the United States or Canada.
It is a schedule IV substance in the United States. | 炔己蚁胺（英語：Ethinamate）是一种短效、衍生自氨基甲酸酯的镇静催眠药物，用于治疗失眠。经常服用会产生耐药性，一般服用7天以上无效。长期使用会导致依赖性。
炔己蚁胺已被其他药物（特别是苯二氮䓬类药物）取代，并且在荷兰、美国或加拿大不可用。
它是美国的附表IV物质。 | 1 |
Aziridine is a saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent, a member of aziridines and an azacycloalkane. It has a role as an alkylating agent. It is a conjugate base of an aziridinium. | ာမည်က
ဘယ်သူလဲ | 0 |
Styrene oxide is an epoxide derived from styrene. It can be prepared by epoxidation of styrene with peroxybenzoic acid, in the Prilezhaev reaction:
Styrene oxide is slightly soluble in water. A trace amount of acid in water causes hydrolysis to racemic phenylethyleneglycol via a benzylic cation. If the amount of water is not sufficient, acid-catalyzed isomerization for phenylacetaldehyde will occur.
Styrene oxide in the body is metabolized to mandelic acid, phenylglyoxylic acid, benzoic acid and hippuric acid.
Hydrogenation of styrene oxide affords phenethyl alcohol. | 槟榔次碱是一种生物碱，存在于槟榔的果实中。它是一种竞争性GABA摄取抑制剂。有研究称，青柠能够将槟榔碱水解成槟榔次碱。 | 0 |
Lupinine is a quinolizidine alkaloid present in the genus Lupinus (colloquially referred to as lupins) of the flowering plant family Fabaceae. The scientific literature contains many reports on the isolation and synthesis of this compound as well as a vast number of studies on its biosynthesis from its natural precursor, lysine. Studies have shown that lupinine hydrochloride is a mildly toxic acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and that lupinine has an inhibitory effect on acetylcholine receptors. The characteristically bitter taste of lupin beans, which come from the seeds of Lupinus plants, is attributable to the quinolizidine alkaloids which they contain, rendering them unsuitable for human and animal consumption unless handled properly. However, because lupin beans have potential nutritional value due to their high protein content, efforts have been made to reduce their alkaloid content through the development of "sweet" varieties of Lupinus. | 阿糖胞苷（英語：Cytarabine或Cytosine arabinoside）是一种化学疗法药物，主要用于治疗恶性血液病，如急性粒细胞白血病和非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤。 阿糖胞苷又被称为Ara-C，名字来源于英文全称“Arabinofuranosyl Cytidine”两个单词的开头。 它通过干扰DNA合成来消灭癌细胞。 | 0 |
Sodium metaborate is a chemical compound of sodium, boron, and oxygen with formula NaBO2. However, the metaborate ion is trimeric in the anhydrous solid, therefore a more correct formula is Na3B3O6 or (Na+)3[B3O6]3−. The formula can be written also as Na2O·B2O3 to highlight the relation to the main oxides of sodium and boron. The name is also applied to several hydrates whose formulas can be written NaBO2·nH2O for various values of n.
The anhydrous and hydrates are colorless crystalline solids. The anhydrous form is hygroscopic. | 吗啉，分子式C4H9NO，或寫成O(CH2CH2)2NH。它是一种强碱，主要用作染料、树脂和蜡等的溶剂，也可用作乳化剂。這個雜環化合物既属于胺类又是醚类，仲胺氮原子令嗎啉具鹼性。嗎啉可和氫氯酸反應生成盐酸嗎啉。 | 0 |
Phenylboronic acid is a member of boronic acids. It is functionally related to a boronic acid. | 糖精（Saccharin），学名邻苯甲酰磺酰亚胺，是一种不含有热量的甜味剂。1879年由美国约翰霍普金斯大学化学家康斯坦丁·法勒伯格发现。為白色結晶性粉末，難溶於水，對熱安定與否仍存在爭議，其甜度為蔗糖之300～500倍，不含卡路里，吃起來會有輕微的苦味和金屬味殘留在舌頭上。其鈉鹽易溶於水，並可與硝酸銀溶液反應產生白色沉澱而檢測其存在。LD50為5000～8000 mg/kg；每日攝取安全容許量（ADI）為0～2.5 mg/kg。糖精可由邻磺酸基苯甲酸与氨反应制得。 | 0 |
Beryllium oxide is a beryllium molecular entity consisting of beryllium (+2 oxidation state) and oxide in the ratio 1:1. In the solid state, BeO adopts the hexagonal wurtzite structure form while in the vapour phase, it is present as discrete diatomic covalent molecules. It has a role as a carcinogenic agent. It is a beryllium molecular entity and a metal oxide. | MgO + 2HClO4 → Mg(ClO4)2 + H2O
MgCl2 + 2NaClO4 → Mg(ClO4)2 + 2NaCl
過氯酸鎂加热到250 °C即分解并放出氧气，与还原剂、有机化合物、易燃物混合易爆炸。它的标准莫耳生成熱为-568.90 kJ mol-1。
Mg(ClO4)2 + 6H2O → Mg(ClO4)2·6H2O
无水過氯酸鎂能吸收甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、吡啶、乙腈氨和硝基甲烷的蒸汽，可用來分析有機化合物的成分(會吸收水分)，但用它乾燥有機物蒸汽曾發生爆炸，因此必须谨慎使用。科学家也建议不再使用它，因为過氯酸盐对人体有害，吸过水的過氯酸鎂在250 °C时真空加热，失去6分子结晶水，又得到无水過氯酸鎂。 | 0 |
Arsenobetaine is a natural product found in Lucensosergia lucens, Eopsetta grigorjewi, and other organisms with data available. | 文殊兰碱是一种生物鹼，存在于包括石蒜科的多种植物中。它在20世纪50年代首次在文殊蘭屬的几种植物中被分离出来，并由此得名。
有多篇文献报道了它的合成方法。 | 0 |
Pentadecane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C15H32. It can be monoterminally oxidized to 1-pentadecanol. | 羥基芘磺酸是一种芳基磺酸盐，亲水，对pH敏感。 它可溶于水，故被用作着色剂、生物染色劑、光学检测剂和pH指示剂， 例如是测量细胞内pH的染劑。羥基芘磺酸也是讓黄色荧光笔墨水呈現亮黄绿色與發出荧光的化學物質，以及是某些类型肥皂的成分。 | 0 |
Vadimezan is a monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 5,6-dimethyl-9-oxoxanthen-4-yl group. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of xanthones and a monocarboxylic acid. | 多保他命（Dobutamine）是一種擬交感神經性药物，用於心臟衰竭及心因性休克的治療。本品屬於交感神经的β1受體致活劑。多保他命最初於1970年代由任職於礼来公司的 Ronald Tuttle 和 Jack Mills 博士所開發，為isoprenaline的相似物。 | 0 |
Iguratimod is an organic molecular entity. | 烟毒素（英語：Tabtoxin，也称为野火毒素，wildfire toxin）是一种含氮有机化合物，化学式C11H19N3O6，是丁香假单胞菌（Pseudomonas syringae）合成單環β-内醯胺（TBL）类抗生素的前体物质。 | 0 |
Amfetaminil is a member of amphetamines. | 环丁砜又名四氢噻吩-1，1-二氧化物，为无色透明液体，是一种优良的非质子极性溶剂，可与水、丙酮、甲苯等互溶。也是石油化工上芳烃抽提工艺中的理想试剂。 | 0 |
Alchorneine is an imidazopyrimidine alkaloid found in trees in the genus Alchornea such as Alchornea castaneifolia, Alchornea floribunda or Alchornea cordifolia. | 1,1,2-三氯乙烷，结构式CHCl2CH2Cl。 | 0 |
Butidrine is a member of tetralins. | 2-庚醇是一种有机化合物，为庚醇的同分异构体之一。它是一种仲醇，羟基在第二个碳原子上。
2-庚醇具有手性，存在R/S异构体。它可由2-庚酮在乙醇中被钠还原制得。 | 0 |
Ornidazole is an antibiotic used to treat protozoan infections.: 1368 A synthetic nitroimidazole, it is commercially obtained from an acid-catalyzed reaction between 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole and epichlorohydrin. Ornidazole is nothing but chloro-secnidazole.
Antimicrobial spectrum is similar to that of metronidazole and is more well tolerated;: 1368 however there are concerns of lower relative efficacy.
It was first introduced for treating trichomoniasis before being recognized for its broad anti-protozoan and anti-anaerobic-bacterial capacities.: 1261 has also been investigated for use in Crohn's disease after bowel resection. | 磷酸钠（化学式：Na3PO4）為磷酸鹽，是一種无机化合物。一般磷酸鈉指的是十二水合磷酸鈉(Na3PO4‧12H2O) ，另有無水磷酸鈉，易溶於水變為強鹼溶液(PH值13~14)。 | 0 |
Methamidophos is an organic thiophosphate resulting from the N-deacylation of the proinsecticide acephate. It has a role as an acaricide, an agrochemical and an avicide. It is an organic thiophosphate, a phosphoramide and an organothiophosphate insecticide. | 甲胺磷（英語：Methamidophos）是一種有機磷化合物，通常用作農藥。
工业品为黄色粘稠液体，易溶于水、醇、丙酮等溶剂，不溶于石油醚，遇到强酸或碱易分解。具触杀、胃毒和内吸作用。
由於毒性強，在日本等部份國家已禁用，中國大陸從2008年起亦公告停止生產及使用。 | 1 |
Dioxosuccinic acid is an oxo dicarboxylic acid and an alpha-diketone. It is functionally related to a succinic acid. | 异丁酰胺（英語：Isobutyramide）是一种酰胺类有机化合物，分子式为C4H9NO，示性式為CH3CH(CH3)CONH2，和正丁醯胺是同分异构体。
可形成异丁酰胺基官能团：R-NH-CO-CH(CH3)2 | 0 |
Matairesinol is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Raphanus sativus var. sativus, and other organisms with data available. | 丁草胺（英語：Butachlor）是一种乙酰苯胺类除草剂，作为一种选择性的出苗前(萌前)除草剂使用。 | 0 |
Sesamin is a lignan isolated from the bark of Fagara plants and from sesame oil. It has been used as a dietary fat-reduction supplement. Its major metabolite is enterolactone, which has an elimination half life of less than 6 hours. Sesamin and sesamolin are minor components of sesame oil, on average comprising only 0.14% of the oil by mass. | 茶碱（英語：Theophylline）是一种化学物质，广泛存在于自然界中的红茶和绿茶中，是一种磷酸二酯酶 (PDE) 抑制剂，可广泛用于治疗呼吸系统疾病。它与咖啡因共同存在于茶中，也具有与咖啡因类似的结构和药理学特性，為一腺苷受體拮抗劑，可阻斷腺苷受體的作用。
慢性气道阻塞（chronic obstructive diseases of the airways）
在慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases，COPD） | 0 |
Telmisartan, sold under the brand name Micardis among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease. It is a reasonable initial treatment for high blood pressure. It is taken by mouth. Versions are available as the combination telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide, telmisartan/cilnidipine and telmisartan/amlodipine.
Common side effects include upper respiratory tract infections, diarrhea, and back pain. Serious side effects may include kidney problems, low blood pressure, and angioedema. Use in pregnancy may harm the baby and use when breastfeeding is not recommended. It is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist and works by blocking the effects of angiotensin II.
Telmisartan was patented in 1991 and came into medical use in 1999. It is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the 228th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions. | 丁酸甲酯是無色透明易揮發、有蘋果香味的液體。由丁酸和甲醇經由硫酸催化反應而得。帶有宜人的香味和味道，也因此被用作食品和香水添加劑。溶於乙醇、乙醚等有機溶劑。 | 0 |
Asparagine (symbol Asn or N) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH+3 form under biological conditions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form under biological conditions), and a side chain carboxamide, classifying it as a polar (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid. It is non-essential in humans, meaning the body can synthesize it. It is encoded by the codons AAU and AAC.
The one-letter symbol N for asparagine was assigned arbitrarily, with the proposed mnemonic asparagiNe; | 马鞭草烯醇（英语：verbenol），又称2-蒎烯-4-醇（英语：2-pine-4-ol）是一种双环单萜醇，化学式：C10H16O。是生物活性分子存在于植物精油和昆虫信息素中。 | 0 |
Psilocin, also known as 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (4-OH-DMT), is a substituted tryptamine alkaloid and a serotonergic psychedelic. It is present in most psychedelic mushrooms together with its phosphorylated counterpart psilocybin. Psilocin is a Schedule I drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. Acting on the serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, psilocin's psychedelic effects are directly correlated with the drug's occupancy at these receptor sites. The subjective mind-altering effects of psilocin are highly variable and are said to resemble those of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). | 氯巴占（英语：Clobazam）是一种苯二氮䓬类药物，最初于1966年合成、1968年获得专利、1969年发表。它可以N-苯基-5-氯-2-硝基苯胺和甲氧羰基乙酰氯为原料，经还原、甲基化等步骤，提纯后制得。它在氢氧化钠溶液中可以水解，生成N-(4-氯-2-苯氨基苯基)-N-甲基乙酰胺。 | 0 |
Chromane (benzodihydropyran) is a heterocyclic chemical compound with the chemical formula C9H10O. Chromane is a structural feature of more complex compounds including E vitamins (tocopherols and tocotrienols), Dianin's compound, and the pharmaceutical drugs troglitazone, ormeloxifene, and nebivolol. Such compounds are sometimes described as chromans. | 生物素（Biotin）为维生素B群之一，又稱維生素H、維生素B7、輔酶R（Coenzyme R）等。 | 0 |
Spectinomycin is a pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, a bacterial metabolite and an antibacterial drug. It is a cyclic hemiketal, a cyclic acetal, a cyclic ketone, a secondary amino compound, a pyranobenzodioxin and a secondary alcohol. It is a conjugate base of a spectinomycin(2+) and a spectinomycin(1+). | 羟基香茅醛（英語：Hydroxycitronellal，或称为7-羟基-3,7-二甲基辛醛英語：7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctanal）是分子式为C10H20O2的有机化合物，为香水中的芳香味的来源之一。 | 0 |
Propylbenzene is a natural product found in Gossypium hirsutum, Picea abies, and other organisms with data available. | 连二亚硫酸是一种硫的含氧酸，化学式为H2S2O4。它的游离态不稳定，但是它的盐能够稳定存在。
最初化学家通过量子化学从头计算得出C2对称性的结构HOS(O)OH是分子式为H2S2O4的化合物中最稳定的。这是由于该分子中存在分子间氢键。现在已经知道连二亚硫酸自发分解为SO2和S(OH)2。
它的盐当中连二亚硫酸钠用途较为广泛。 | 0 |
Fluoranthene is an ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a naphthalene and benzene unit connected by a five-membered ring. | 棉子糖（英語：Raffinose，也称棉籽糖、蜜三糖。结构式为：α-D-半乳糖-α-D-葡萄糖-β-D-果糖）是主要存在于棉子和甜菜中一种非还原性三糖，在所有三糖中与人类的关系较大，因为棉子饼可被用作饲料或油料，甜菜主要用于制造蔗糖，都是常见的农作物。α-半乳糖激酶(α-GAL)可以将棉子糖水解为蔗糖与半乳糖，这在工业生产中可被用来提高甜菜的产蔗糖量。人体消化道没有这种酶，因而无法水解利用棉子糖。棉子糖进入人体结肠后，被产气菌酵解利用，产生肠气。这也是吃豆类（富含棉子糖）会有肠气的原因。
棉子糖可由棉籽饼磨粉水解或甜菜糖蜜制得。
棉子糖作为一种低聚糖，可服用以调节肠道菌群。 | 0 |
Purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound that consists of two rings (pyrimidine and imidazole) fused together. It is water-soluble. Purine also gives its name to the wider class of molecules, purines, which include substituted purines and their tautomers. They are the most widely occurring nitrogen-containing heterocycles in nature. | 丰索磷（英語：Fensulfothion）是一种杀虫剂和杀线虫剂，主要用于玉米、洋葱、芜菁甘蓝、香蕉、菠萝、甘蔗、甜菜、花生等作物的虫害防治。丰索磷有剧毒，并被列入美国国家环保局制定的极度危险物质列表中。 | 0 |
Crotonaldehyde is an enal consisting of propene having a formyl group at the 1-position. | 磺达嗪（INN：sulforidazine）是一种典型抗精神病药和硫利达嗪的代谢产物。它与美索达嗪都比母体化合物更有效，这表明了硫利达嗪的药理反应可能主要是其代谢产生活性化合物的结果。 | 0 |
Efavirenz is 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection. It has a role as a HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an antiviral drug. It is a benzoxazine, an acetylenic compound, an organochlorine compound, an organofluorine compound and a member of cyclopropanes. | 荭（hóng）（英語：Rubicene），也稱茹，是一种多环芳香烃，由两个苯和一个蒽组成。它们各自通过两个碳-碳键连接。葒的稀溶液可以发出强烈的黄色荧光。它可以由芴酮被金属钙或镁还原而成，或以二卤代二苯基蒽为原料反应得到。它也能以9,10-二苯蒽和3份2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰对苯醌在三氟甲磺酸存在下于二氯甲烷中反应得到。 | 0 |
Boldenone is a natural product found in Curcuma aromatica, Ilybius fenestratus, and Curcuma wenyujin with data available. | 勃地酮或译为宝丹酮（英語：Boldenone，开发阶段代号为：RU-18761）也被称为Δ1-睾酮，Δ1-testosterone，是一种天然同化類固醇（AAS）和睾酮的 1(2)-脱氢产物。勃地酮本身并未作为医用藥品上市，但其十一酸酯——宝丹酮十一烯酸酯为已上市药物。 | 1 |
Androsterone is an androstanoid that is 5alpha-androstane having a hydroxy substituent at the 3alpha-position and an oxo group at the 17-position. It is a metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone. It has a role as an androgen, a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite, an anticonvulsant, a pheromone, a human urinary metabolite and a human blood serum metabolite. It is a 3alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 17-oxo steroid, an androstanoid and a C19-steroid. It derives from a hydride of a 5alpha-androstane. | 乙醯膽鹼（英語：Acetylcholine, ACh，分子式CH3COOCH2CH2N+(CH3)3）為中樞及周邊神經系統中常見的神經傳導物質，於自主神經系統及體運動神經系統中參與神經傳導。乙醯膽鹼由軸突末梢釋出之後，會穿過突觸間隙和突觸後神經元或運動終板的細胞膜上之受體結合。
乙酰胆碱于1867年得到首次报导。1914年，亚瑟·J·埃文斯（Arthur J. Ewins）首次从自然界中提取得到乙酰胆碱。1921年，奧托·洛威（Otto Loewi）通过实验证明乙酰胆碱是一种神经递质。 | 0 |
Fenchone is a carbobicyclic compound that is fenchane in which the hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by an oxo group. It is a component of essential oil from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a fenchane monoterpenoid, a cyclic terpene ketone and a carbobicyclic compound. | 氨基脲（SEM）是硝基呋喃类（Nitrofurans，本文中简式NFs）药物中呋喃西林的代谢物。NFs是一类化学合成的广谱抗菌药物，不仅能够抑制乙酰酯酶A，而且可干扰细菌糖代谢，其残留代谢物有致畸、致突变、致癌的危险。食品的风险分析表明，虽然有关NFs药物及其代谢物等的毒性数据尚不充分，但临床医学实验研究发现它可引起消化道反应，如噁心、呕吐、厌食、腹泻等，严重后果可诱导有机体基因突变。因此，出于安全性考虑，世界上绝大多数国家和地区包括中国、欧盟、美国等规定在动物食用组织中不允许有NFs的残留，如欧盟已于1995年禁止在食用动物中使用硝基呋喃类抗生素，并将其列为A类禁用药物(EEC/1442/95和EEC/2901/93）。呋喃西林的代谢物氨基脲是最普遍的，也是目前研究最多的药物。由于NFs很容易分解，因此测定时必须研究其代谢物的测定方法。而测定其代谢物的最准确的方法为同位素内标法。
盐酸氨基脲为棱状晶体，分解温度175-185℃。它极易溶于水，微溶于乙醇，不溶于无水的醚。加氨水则马上游离出氨基脲。氨基脲为无色细小柱状晶体，熔点96℃，溶于水和乙醇，苯与氯仿中均不溶解，氨基脲易潮解，并具有致癌作用。 | 0 |
Yohimbine (), also known as quebrachine, is an indole alkaloid derived from the bark of the African tree Pausinystalia johimbe; also from the bark of the unrelated South American tree Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco. Yohimbine is an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, and has been used in a variety of research projects. It is a veterinary drug used to reverse sedation in dogs and deer.
While yohimbine behaves as an aphrodisiac in some mammals, it does not do so in humans. It has been prescribed as a treatment for erectile dysfunction, although its reported clinical benefits were modest and it has largely been superseded by the PDE5 inhibitor class of drugs. Substances that have purported to be extracts from the yohimbe tree have been marketed as dietary supplements for various purposes, but they contain highly variable amounts of yohimbine, if any; no published scientific evidence supports their efficacy. | 氯唑西林（英語：Cloxacillin）是一种抗生素，可用于治疗多种细菌感染。这包括脓疱病、蜂窝组织炎、肺炎、化脓性关节炎和外耳炎。它对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）无效。该药物通过口服和注射使用。
副作用包括恶心、腹泻和包括过敏性休克在内的过敏反应。也可能发生艰难梭菌腹泻。不建议以前对青霉素过敏的人使用。怀孕期间使用相对安全。氯唑西林属于青霉素类药物。
氯唑西林于1960年获得专利，并于1965年批准用于医疗用途。它在世界卫生组织的基本药物清单上。它在美国未上市销售。 | 0 |
Ergometrine is a monocarboxylic acid amide that is lysergamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-hydroxypropan-2-yl group (S-configuration). An ergot alkaloid that has a particularly powerful action on the uterus, its maleate (and formerly tartrate) salt is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced. It has a role as an oxytocic, a diagnostic agent, a toxin and a fungal metabolite. It is an ergot alkaloid, a monocarboxylic acid amide, a primary alcohol, a tertiary amino compound, an organic heterotetracyclic compound and a secondary amino compound. It derives from a hydride of an ergoline. | 二苯酮（也称二苯基甲酮）是一种具有分子式(C6H5)2C=O的有机化合物，可简写为Ph2CO。二苯基甲酮作为二芳基酮的母核，是有機化學重要的合成中間體。 | 0 |
Amixetrine (INN) (brand name Somagest; developmental code name CERM-898) is a drug that was formerly marketed in France but is now no longer sold. According to various sources it has been said to be an anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antispasmodic, anticholinergic, antihistamine, and antiserotonergic, but its definitive indications and pharmacology are unclear. The drug was first synthesized in 1969 and was introduced in France in 1972. | 銅（英語：Copper），是最早發現的化學元素，化學符號为Cu（源于拉丁語：Cuprum），原子序數为29，原子量為63.546 u。純銅是柔軟的金屬，表面剛切開時為紅橙色帶金屬光澤、延展性好、導熱性和導電性高，因此在電纜、電氣和電子元件是最常用的材料，也可用作建築材料，以及組成眾多種合金，例如用於珠寶的紋銀，用於製作船用五金和硬幣的白銅以及用於應變片和熱電偶的康銅。銅合金機械性能優異，電阻率很低，其中最重要的是青銅和黃銅。此外，銅也是耐用的金屬，可以多次回收而無損其機械性能。
銅是所有生物所必需的微量膳食礦物質，因為那是呼吸酶複合體-細胞色素c氧化酶（cytochrome c oxidase）的重要組成成分。在軟體動物和甲殼類動物中，銅是組成血液色素血藍蛋白（blood pigment hemocyanin）的成分，而在魚類或其他脊椎動物中，則被鐵血紅蛋白複合體給取代。另外，在人體中，銅主要分布在肝臟、肌肉和骨骼中，而一般成人每公斤體重約含有1.4至3 | 0 |
Okadaic acid is a polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells. It has a role as a marine metabolite, an EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor and a calcium ionophore. | 红汞是含荧光素母体的有机汞二钠盐，其結晶有綠色金屬光澤，可用作杀菌剂，其2%溶液称为红药水。由于含汞且作用较差，现已很少使用。 | 0 |
Propylbenzene may refer to:
n-Propylbenzene, the straight chain isomer (IUPAC name propylbenzene)
Cumene (isopropylbenzene) | 地西泮（pàn）（Diazepam），另有中文譯名地西畔、戴阿劑盤、苯甲二氮䓬，商品名稱有安定片（非安定文）、煩寧（Valium），化學式C16H13ClN2O，屬於苯二氮䓬類藥物 。地西泮常用於治療焦慮症、酒精戒斷症候群、苯二氮䓬类药物戒斷症候群、痙攣、癲癇發作、失眠，和睡眠腳動症。也用於一些外科手術中，促進記憶消失。該藥可由口服、直腸塞劑、肌肉注射，以及靜脈注射給藥。如果經靜脈注射給藥，藥效大約會於1至5分鐘起作用，可維持至多一小時。口服的藥效會延遲約40分鐘才起作用，作用時間大致與靜脈注射相同。
地西泮最早是由Leo Sternbach所合成，並由羅氏藥廠首次大規模生產。自從1963年本藥被批准以来，它成為了全世界處方用量最大的藥物之一。1968年至1982年期間，本品為銷量最大的藥物。單單在1978年，銷售量就逾20億錠。1985年專利權終止，至今品牌名多達500個。地西泮被列入世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单中。 | 0 |
Limonin is a limonoid, an epoxide, a hexacyclic triterpenoid, a member of furans, an organic heterohexacyclic compound and a lactone. It has a role as a metabolite, an inhibitor and a volatile oil component. | 六氯乙烷，分子式為C2Cl6。 | 0 |
Ethylene carbonate is a carbonate ester. | 苯丙氨酯（英語：Phenprobamate）是一种作用于中枢的骨骼肌松弛剂，具有额外的镇静和抗惊厥作用。过量使用类似于巴比妥类药物。其作用机制可能与甲丙氨酯相似。苯丙氨酯已作为抗焦虑药用于人类，有时仍用做全身麻醉和治疗肌肉抽筋和痉挛。苯丙氨酯仍在一些欧洲国家使用，但已普遍被更新的药物所取代。苯丙氨酯通过氨基甲酸酯基团的氧化降解和苯环的邻位羟基化而代谢，并通过肾脏从尿液中排出。
剂量范围为400至800毫克，每天最多3次。 | 0 |
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