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and thou wilt go, and it will never return.
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Every moment think steadily as a Roman and a man to do what thou hast
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in hand with perfect and simple dignity, and feeling of affection,
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and freedom, and justice; and to give thyself relief from all other
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thoughts. And thou wilt give thyself relief, if thou doest every act
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of thy life as if it were the last, laying aside all carelessness
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and passionate aversion from the commands of reason, and all hypocrisy,
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and self-love, and discontent with the portion which has been given
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to thee. Thou seest how few the things are, the which if a man lays
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hold of, he is able to live a life which flows in quiet, and is like
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the existence of the gods; for the gods on their part will require
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nothing more from him who observes these things.
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Do wrong to thyself, do wrong to thyself, my soul; but thou wilt no
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longer have the opportunity of honouring thyself. Every man's life
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is sufficient. But thine is nearly finished, though thy soul reverences
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not itself but places thy felicity in the souls of others.
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Do the things external which fall upon thee distract thee? Give thyself
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time to learn something new and good, and cease to be whirled around.
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But then thou must also avoid being carried about the other way. For
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those too are triflers who have wearied themselves in life by their
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activity, and yet have no object to which to direct every movement,
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and, in a word, all their thoughts.
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Through not observing what is in the mind of another a man has seldom
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been seen to be unhappy; but those who do not observe the movements
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of their own minds must of necessity be unhappy.
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This thou must always bear in mind, what is the nature of the whole,
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and what is my nature, and how this is related to that, and what kind
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of a part it is of what kind of a whole; and that there is no one
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who hinders thee from always doing and saying the things which are
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according to the nature of which thou art a part.
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Theophrastus, in his comparison of bad acts- such a comparison as
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one would make in accordance with the common notions of mankind- says,
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like a true philosopher, that the offences which are committed through
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desire are more blameable than those which are committed through anger.
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For he who is excited by anger seems to turn away from reason with
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a certain pain and unconscious contraction; but he who offends through
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desire, being overpowered by pleasure, seems to be in a manner more
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intemperate and more womanish in his offences. Rightly then, and in
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a way worthy of philosophy, he said that the offence which is committed
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with pleasure is more blameable than that which is committed with
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pain; and on the whole the one is more like a person who has been
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first wronged and through pain is compelled to be angry; but the other
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is moved by his own impulse to do wrong, being carried towards doing
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something by desire.
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Since it is possible that thou mayest depart from life this very moment,
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regulate every act and thought accordingly. But to go away from among
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men, if there are gods, is not a thing to be afraid of, for the gods
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will not involve thee in evil; but if indeed they do not exist, or
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if they have no concern about human affairs, what is it to me to live
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in a universe devoid of gods or devoid of Providence? But in truth
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they do exist, and they do care for human things, and they have put
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all the means in man's power to enable him not to fall into real evils.
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And as to the rest, if there was anything evil, they would have provided
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for this also, that it should be altogether in a man's power not to
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fall into it. Now that which does not make a man worse, how can it
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make a man's life worse? But neither through ignorance, nor having
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the knowledge, but not the power to guard against or correct these
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things, is it possible that the nature of the universe has overlooked
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them; nor is it possible that it has made so great a mistake, either
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through want of power or want of skill, that good and evil should
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happen indiscriminately to the good and the bad. But death certainly,
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and life, honour and dishonour, pain and pleasure, all these things
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equally happen to good men and bad, being things which make us neither
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better nor worse. Therefore they are neither good nor evil.
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How quickly all things disappear, in the universe the bodies themselves,
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but in time the remembrance of them; what is the nature of all sensible
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things, and particularly those which attract with the bait of pleasure
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or terrify by pain, or are noised abroad by vapoury fame; how worthless,
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and contemptible, and sordid, and perishable, and dead they are- all
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this it is the part of the intellectual faculty to observe. To observe
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too who these are whose opinions and voices give reputation; what
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death is, and the fact that, if a man looks at it in itself, and by
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the abstractive power of reflection resolves into their parts all
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the things which present themselves to the imagination in it, he will
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then consider it to be nothing else than an operation of nature; and
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if any one is afraid of an operation of nature, he is a child. This,
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however, is not only an operation of nature, but it is also a thing
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which conduces to the purposes of nature. To observe too how man comes
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near to the deity, and by what part of him, and when this part of
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man is so disposed.
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Nothing is more wretched than a man who traverses everything in a
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round, and pries into the things beneath the earth, as the poet says,
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and seeks by conjecture what is in the minds of his neighbours, without
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perceiving that it is sufficient to attend to the daemon within him,
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and to reverence it sincerely. And reverence of the daemon consists
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in keeping it pure from passion and thoughtlessness, and dissatisfaction
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with what comes from gods and men. For the things from the gods merit
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veneration for their excellence; and the things from men should be
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dear to us by reason of kinship; and sometimes even, in a manner,
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they move our pity by reason of men's ignorance of good and bad; this
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defect being not less than that which deprives us of the power of
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