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has been observed in plants nor in stones nor in trees. But in rational
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animals there are political communities and friendships, and families
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and meetings of people; and in wars, treaties and armistices. But
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in the things which are still superior, even though they are separated
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from one another, unity in a manner exists, as in the stars. Thus
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the ascent to the higher degree is able to produce a sympathy even
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in things which are separated. See, then, what now takes place. For
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only intelligent animals have now forgotten this mutual desire and
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inclination, and in them alone the property of flowing together is
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not seen. But still though men strive to avoid this union, they are
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caught and held by it, for their nature is too strong for them; and
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thou wilt see what I say, if thou only observest. Sooner, then, will
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one find anything earthy which comes in contact with no earthy thing
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than a man altogether separated from other men.
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Both man and God and the universe produce fruit; at the proper seasons
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each produces it. But if usage has especially fixed these terms to
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the vine and like things, this is nothing. Reason produces fruit both
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for all and for itself, and there are produced from it other things
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of the same kind as reason itself.
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If thou art able, correct by teaching those who do wrong; but if thou
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canst not, remember that indulgence is given to thee for this purpose.
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And the gods, too, are indulgent to such persons; and for some purposes
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they even help them to get health, wealth, reputation; so kind they
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are. And it is in thy power also; or say, who hinders thee?
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Labour not as one who is wretched, nor yet as one who would be pitied
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or admired: but direct thy will to one thing only, to put thyself
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in motion and to check thyself, as the social reason requires.
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To-day I have got out of all trouble, or rather I have cast out all
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trouble, for it was not outside, but within and in my opinions.
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All things are the same, familiar in experience, and ephemeral in
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time, and worthless in the matter. Everything now is just as it was
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in the time of those whom we have buried.
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Things stand outside of us, themselves by themselves, neither knowing
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aught of themselves, nor expressing any judgement. What is it, then,
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which does judge about them? The ruling faculty.
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Not in passivity, but in activity lie the evil and the good of the
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rational social animal, just as his virtue and his vice lie not in
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passivity, but in activity.
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For the stone which has been thrown up it is no evil to come down,
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nor indeed any good to have been carried up.
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Penetrate inwards into men's leading principles, and thou wilt see
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what judges thou art afraid of, and what kind of judges they are of
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themselves.
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All things are changing: and thou thyself art in continuous mutation
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and in a manner in continuous destruction, and the whole universe
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too.
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It is thy duty to leave another man's wrongful act there where it
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is.
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Termination of activity, cessation from movement and opinion, and
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in a sense their death, is no evil. Turn thy thoughts now to the consideration
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of thy life, thy life as a child, as a youth, thy manhood, thy old
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age, for in these also every change was a death. Is this anything
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to fear? Turn thy thoughts now to thy life under thy grandfather,
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then to thy life under thy mother, then to thy life under thy father;
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and as thou findest many other differences and changes and terminations,
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ask thyself, Is this anything to fear? In like manner, then, neither
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are the termination and cessation and change of thy whole life a thing
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to be afraid of.
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Hasten to examine thy own ruling faculty and that of the universe
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and that of thy neighbour: thy own that thou mayest make it just:
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and that of the universe, that thou mayest remember of what thou art
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a part; and that of thy neighbour, that thou mayest know whether he
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has acted ignorantly or with knowledge, and that thou mayest also
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consider that his ruling faculty is akin to thine.
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As thou thyself art a component part of a social system, so let every
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act of thine be a component part of social life. Whatever act of thine
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then has no reference either immediately or remotely to a social end,
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this tears asunder thy life, and does not allow it to be one, and
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it is of the nature of a mutiny, just as when in a popular assembly
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a man acting by himself stands apart from the general agreement.
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Quarrels of little children and their sports, and poor spirits carrying
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about dead bodies, such is everything; and so what is exhibited in
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the representation of the mansions of the dead strikes our eyes more
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clearly.
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Examine into the quality of the form of an object, and detach it altogether
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from its material part, and then contemplate it; then determine the
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time, the longest which a thing of this peculiar form is naturally
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made to endure.
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Thou hast endured infinite troubles through not being contented with
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thy ruling faculty, when it does the things which it is constituted
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by nature to do. But enough of this.
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When another blames thee or hates thee, or when men say about thee
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