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Whenever it can be shown,as here,that the applicant is in the same trade as the person who has registered the trade mark,and wherever the trade mark,if remaining on the register,would,or might,limit the legal rights of the applicant,so that by reason of the existence of the entry on the register he could not lawfully do that which,but for the existence of the mark upon the register,he could lawfully do,it appears to me he has a locus standi to be heard as a person aggrieved
Precedent
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But if the ground for rectification is merely based on non-user i.e.under Section 46 of the Act,that is not really on account of any public mischief by way of an incorrect entry
Ratio of the decision
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The non-user does not by itself render the entry incorrect but it gives a right to a person whose interest is affected to apply for its removal
Ratio of the decision
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An applicant must therefore show that "in some possible way he may be damaged or injured if the trade mark is allowed to stand; and by 'possible' I mean possible in a practical sense,and not merely in a fantastic view
Ratio of the decision
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All cases of this kind,where the original registration is not illegal or improper,ought to be considered as questions of common sense,to a certain extent,at any rate; and I think the applicants ought to show something approaching a sufficient or proper reason for applying to have the trade mark expunged
Ratio of the decision
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It certainly is not sufficient reason that they are at loggerheads with the respondents or desire in some way to injure them
Ratio of the decision
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Addisons' application was one under Section 46 and the test to determine whether the applicant was a "person aggrieved" within the meaning of that section should have been the one laid down by Romer,J.in Wright case and not the one propounded by the House of Lords in the matter of Powell's Trade Mark
Ratio of the decision
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The High Court and the Joint Registrar fell into error in not drawing this distinction
Ratio of the decision
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However,it is not necessary to dilate on this aspect of the matter as the appellant has really argued on the second and third aspects of Section 46 viz.the alleged non-use of the trade marks by Hardie and special circumstances
Ratio of the decision
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In the case of Hardie Trading Ltd 2003 Indlaw SC 756.1,this Court approved the test applied by Romer,J.in The Royal Baking Powder Company v
Ratio of the decision
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Wright,Crossley,and Co.(1898
Ratio of the decision
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15 RPC 677),which has been reproduced in the report
Ratio of the decision
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We respectfully agree
Ratio of the decision
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Hardie Trading Ltd 2003 Indlaw SC 756.1 has been followed by this Court in a recent decision in the case of Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba (2008) 10 SCC 766) 2008 Indlaw SC 1395
Ratio of the decision
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This Court stated that Section 46 speaks for private interest while Section 56 speaks of a public interest
Ratio of the decision
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It is true that the appellant in opposition to the applications for removal/rectification of trade mark did not specifically challenge in its counter affidavits the locus standi of the first respondent to be heard as a person aggrieved
Ratio of the decision
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Obviously,in the absence of any specific objection by the appellant to that effect,no specific issue was framed by the High Court whether the applicant was an aggrieved person
Ratio of the decision
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The applications having been transferred to the IPAB in terms of Section 100 of the 1999 Act,the IPAB examined the matter in light of the issues that were framed by the High Court although in the written submissions before it,the objection was raised that the first respondent has ceased to have locus standi in view of the subsequent events,particularly change of the name of the first respondent from Jupiter Infosys Ltd.to Jupiter International Ltd
Ratio of the decision
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The question is,whether in these circumstances it was incumbent upon the IPAB to consider and satisfy itself about the locus standi of the first respondent to be heard as a person aggrieved
Ratio of the decision
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In our considered view,it was
Ratio of the decision
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In the first place,when the first respondent applied for rectification/removal in respect of three registrations in Classes 7,9 and 16,it must have shown in respect of each of them that it is a 'person aggrieved' and the IPAB must have separately considered in respect of each registration the locus standi of the first respondent as the considerations for each entry might not have been common
Ratio of the decision
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Secondly,and more importantly,during the pendency of the applications,certain events had taken place which had some bearing on the question of locus standi of the first respondent insofar as invocation of Section 46 (1) of The 1958 Act is concerned
Ratio of the decision
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In the affidavit filed by the first respondent on July 14,2004 before the Court of Additional District Judge,Delhi an unequivocal and categorical statement has been made that now there is no dispute between the plaintiff (appellant herein) and defendant (first respondent herein) under the Trade Mark and that defendant has already changed the Trade Mark namely "Jupiter International Ltd." in place of "Jupiter Infosys Ltd
Ratio of the decision
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In terms of Section 46(1),not only that the applicant has to show that he is an aggrieved person as his interest is being affected but the IPAB must also be satisfied,before it directs the removal of registered trade mark,that the applicant is an aggrieved person before it invokes the power in directing the removal of the 26 registered trade mark
Ratio of the decision
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This is so because the pre-requisite for exercise of power under Section 46(1) is that the applicant is a person aggrieved
Ratio of the decision
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The question then arises,whether it is sufficient for the applicant to show that he is a person aggrieved when he makes his application or he must continue to remain a person aggrieved until such time as the rectification/removal application is finally decided
Ratio of the decision
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In our view,the grievance of the applicant when he invokes Section 46(1) must not only be taken to have existed on the date of making application but must continue to exist when such application is decided
Ratio of the decision
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If during the pendency of such application,the applicant's cause of complaint does not survive or his grievance does not subsist due to his own action or the applicant has waived his right or he has lost his interest for any other reason,there may not be any justification for rectification as the registered trade mark cannot be said to operate prejudicially to his interest
Ratio of the decision
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In re Apollinaris Company's Trade-Marks,while dealing with this aspect,Kekemich,J.stated : ".....because that is a remedy given to the person aggrieved through the interposition of the Court for the benefit of the 14 (1891) 2 Ch.186 27 applicant,and if at the date of the trial he has no cause of complaint it seems to be monstrous to suppose that the Court will rectify the register at his instance when it can do him no good to rectify,and when the retention on the register can do him no harm merely because at the date of his application he may have had some grievance
Precedent
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We concur with the above statement
Ratio of the decision
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In the circumstances,we are satisfied that the applications made by the first respondent for rectification/removal of the subject trade marks from the register need to be considered afresh by the IPAB in accordance with law and the observations made above
Ratio of the decision
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Since the first respondent has also grievance in connection with the impugned order particularly with regard to non-consideration of its case under Section 56 of The 1958 Act,we refrain from going into the merits of the diverse contentions raised before us and leave the parties to agitate these contentions before the IPAB
Ratio of the decision
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In view of the above,these appeals are allowed in part and the impugned order dated September 9,2004 is set aside
Ruling by Present Court
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The applications being TRA Nos.25 to 27 of 2003 (OP Nos.764 to 766 of 2001) are restored to the file of Intellectual Property Appellate Board,Chennai for hearing and disposal afresh in accordance with law
Ruling by Present Court
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The parties shall bear their own costs
Ruling by Present Court
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Appeals allowed
Ruling by Present Court
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Leave granted
Facts
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Challenge in this appeal is to the judgment of a Division Bench of the Madhya Pradesh High Court dismissing the writ appeal filed by the appellant on the ground that it was not maintainable
Facts
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The appeal was filed u/s.2(1) of the M.P.Uchacha Nyayalay (Khand Nyaypeth Ko Appeal) Adhiniyam,2005
Facts
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hereinafter referred to as the 'Act').It was held that the order was passed in exercise of power of superintendence u/art.227 of the Constitution of India,1950 (in short the 'Constitution') against which the Letters Patent Appeal is not maintainable
Facts
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The order of learned Single Judge was passed on 9.11.2005.Against the said order,special leave petition was filed which was disposed of by this Court by order dated 16.2.2006.We shall refer to the text of the order later
Facts
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The High Court construed as if this Court has only waived the limitation for filing of Letters Patent Appeal and there was no direction to consider the case on merits
Facts
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Learned counsel for the appellant submitted that the order of this Court is very clear and the conclusions of the High Court that merely limitation was waived is contrary to the clear terms of the earlier order of this Court
Argument
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Additionally it is submitted that the prayer in the Writ Petition was to quash the order passed by the Assistant Commissioner,Commercial Tax
Argument
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That being so,the mere fact that the writ petition was styled u/art.227 of the Constitution is of no consequence
Ratio of the decision
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It is the nature of the relief sought for and the controversy involved which determines the Article which is applicable
Ratio of the decision
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Learned counsel for the respondent-State on the other hand supported the impugned judgment of the High Court
Ratio of the decision
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The earlier order passed by this Court dated 22.8.2006 reads as follows: "Heard
Facts
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Since the impugned order is passed by a learned Single Judge
Facts
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The normal remedy is to file a Letters Patent Appeal
Facts
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Since we had entertained the Special Leave Petition against the learned Single Judge's order it would be appropriate to grant three weeks' time to the petitioner to prefer the LPA which if otherwise free from defect shall be entertained for being considered on merits
Facts
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The interim order passed by this Court shall continue for the aforesaid purpose
Facts
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The Special Leave Petition is disposed of accordingly
Facts
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Underlined for emphasis
Facts
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A bare reading of the order shows that the direction was to consider the LPA on merits and time was granted to prefer the LPA within three weeks
Ratio of the decision
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The High Court was directed to dispose of the LPA on merits if it was otherwise free from defect
Ratio of the decision
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The High Court was,therefore,not justified in holding that this Court's earlier order only waived the limitation for filing a Letters Patent Appeal
Ratio of the decision
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On that score alone the High Court's order is unsustainable
Ratio of the decision
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In addition,the High Court seems to have gone by the nomenclature gone by the nomenclature i.e.the discription given in the writ petition to be one u/art.227 of the Constitution
Ratio of the decision
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The High Court did not consider the nature of the controversy and the prayer involved in the Writ petition
Ratio of the decision
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As noted above the prayer was to quash the order of assessment passed by the Assistant Commissioner,Commercial Tax levying purchase as well as Entry Tax
Ratio of the decision
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S.2 of the Act reads as follows: "2(1
Statute
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An appeal shall lie from a judgment or order passed by the one Judge of the High Court in exercise of original jurisdiction u/art.226 of the Constitution of India,to a Division bench comprising of two judges of the same High Court
Statute
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Provided that no such appeal shall lie against an interlocutory order or against an order passed in exercise of supervisory jurisdiction u/art.227 of the Constitution of India
Statute
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This Court in Hari Vishnu Kamath v
Precedent
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Syed Ahmad Ishaque and Ors.(AIR 1955 SC 233 1954 Indlaw SC 212) held that the High Court while issuing writ of certiorari u/art.226 of the Constitution can only annul a decision of a Tribunal whereas u/art.227 of the Constitution it can issue further directions as well
Precedent
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As noted above the prayer in the Writ Petition was to set aside the decision of the assessing officer
Facts
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In Umaji Keshao Meshram v
Precedent
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Radhikabai [AIR 1986 SC 1272 1986 Indlaw SC 651
Precedent
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it was noted as follows
Precedent
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U/art.226 an order,direction or writ is to issue to a person,authority or the State
Precedent
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In a proceeding under that article the person,authority or State against whom the direction,order or writ is sought is a necessary party
Precedent
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Under Article 227,however,what comes up before the High Court is the order or judgment of a subordinate court or tribunal for the purpose of ascertaining whether in giving such judgment or order that subordinate court or tribunal has acted within its authority and according to law
Precedent
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Prior to the commencement of the Constitution,the Chartered High Courts as also the Judicial Committee had held that the power to issue prerogative writs possessed by the Chartered High Courts was an exercise of original jurisdiction (see Mahomedalli Allabux v
Precedent
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Ismailji Abdulali (AIR 1926
Precedent
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Bom 332 1926 Indlaw MUM 144),Raghunath Keshav Khadilkar v
Precedent
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Poona Municipality,(AIR
Precedent
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1945 Bom 7 1943 Indlaw MUM 140) Ryots of Garabandho v
Precedent
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Zemindar of Parlakimedi (AIR 1943 PC 164 1943 Indlaw PC 23) and Moulvi Hamid Hasan Nomani
Precedent
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v
Precedent
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Banwarilal Roy 1947 Indlaw PC 15 [(1946-47) 74 Ind App 120,130-131].In the last mentioned case which dealt with the nature of a writ of quo warranto
Precedent
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the Judicial Committee held: "In Their Lordships' opinion any original civil jurisdiction possessed by the High Court and not in express terms conferred by the Letters Patent or later enactments falls within the description of ordinary original civil jurisdiction
Precedent
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By Art.226 the power of issuing prerogative writs possessed by the Chartered High Courts prior to the commencement of the Constitution has been made wider and more extensive and conferred upon every High Court
Ratio of the decision
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The nature of the exercise of the power under Article 226,however,remains the same as in the case of the power of issuing prerogative writs possessed by the Chartered High Courts
Ratio of the decision
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A series of decisions of this Court has firmly established that a proceeding u/art.226 is an original proceeding and when it concerns civil rights,it is an original civil proceeding (see,for instance,State of U.P.v
Precedent
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Vijay Anand Maharaj
Precedent
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1963) 1 SCR 1 1962 Indlaw SC 340,16],CIT v
Precedent
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Ishwarlal Bhagwandas [AIR 1965 SC 1818 1965 Indlaw SC 158],Ramesh v
Precedent
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Seth Gendalal Motilal Patni (1966 (3) SCR 198 1966 Indlaw SC 395),Arbind Kumar Singh v
Precedent
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Nand Kishore Prasad[1968 (3) SCR 322 1968 Indlaw SC 223] and Ahmedabad Mfg.& Calico Ptg
Precedent
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Co
Precedent
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Ltd.v
Precedent
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Ram Tahel Ramnand (AIR 1972 SC 1598 1972 Indlaw SC 378
Precedent
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It was noted as follows
Precedent
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The non obstante clause in Rule 18,namely,"Notwithstanding anything contained in Rules 1,4 and 17 of this chapter",makes it abundantly clear why that rule uses the words "finally disposed of".As seen above,under Rules 1 and 17,applications u/arts.226 and 227 are required to be heard and disposed of by a Division Bench
Precedent
Analyze the sentence and predict in which semantic role (Arguments, Precedent, Statutes, Facts, Ratio Decidendi, Ruling of Lower Court, Ruling of Present Court) does this come under in Indian legal context
Rule 4,however,gives power to a Single Judge to issue rule nisi on an application u/art.226
Precedent
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but precludes him from passing any final order on such application
Precedent
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It is because a Single Judge has no power under Rules 1,4 and 17 to hear and dispose of a petition u
Precedent
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art.226 or 227 that the non obstante clause has been introduced in Rule 18.The use of the words "be heard and finally disposed of by a Single Judge" in Rule 18 merely clarifies the position that in such cases the power of the Single Judge is not confined merely to issuing a rule nisi
Precedent
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These words were not intended to bar a right of appeal
Precedent
Analyze the sentence and predict in which semantic role (Arguments, Precedent, Statutes, Facts, Ratio Decidendi, Ruling of Lower Court, Ruling of Present Court) does this come under in Indian legal context