Gustav0-Freind/100m · Datasets at Hugging Face

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"= = = Wroxeter = = =
"
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" Wroxeter is a village in Shropshire, England, which forms part of the civil parish of Wroxeter and Uppington, beside the River Severn, south-east of Shrewsbury.
"
" ""Viroconium Cornoviorum"", the fourth largest city in Roman Britain, was sited here, and is gradually being excavated.
"
" Roman Wroxeter, near the end of the Watling Street Roman road that ran across England from ""Dubris"" (Dover), was a key frontier position lying on the bank of the Severn river whose valley penetrated deep into Wales, and also on a route to the south leading to the Wye valley.
"
" Archaeology has shown that the site of the later city first was established about 55 as a frontier post for a Thracian legionary cohort located at a fort near the Severn river crossing. A few years later a legionary fortress (""castrum"") was built within the site of the later city for the Legio XIV Gemina during their invasion of Wales.
"
" The local British tribe of the Cornovii had their original capital (also thought to have been named *Uiroconion) at the hillfort on the Wrekin. When the Cornovii were eventually subdued their capital was moved to Wroxeter and given its Roman name.
"
" This legion XIV Gemina was later replaced by the Legio XX Valeria Victrix which in turn relocated to Chester around 88. As the military abandoned the fortress the site was taken over by the Cornovians' civilian settlement.
"
" The name of the settlement, meaning ""Viroconium of the Cornovians"", preserves a native Brittonic name that has been reconstructed as Uiroconion (""[the city] of Uirokū""), where *""Uiro-ku"" ( ""man""-""wolf"") is believed to have been a masculine given name meaning ""werewolf"".
"
" Viroconium prospered over the next century, with the construction of many public buildings, including thermae and a colonnaded forum. At its peak, it is thought to have been the 4th-largest settlement in Roman Britain, with a population of more than 15,000.
"
" The Roman city is first documented in Ptolemy's 2nd century ""Geography"" as one of the cities of the Cornovii tribe, along with Chester (Deva Victrix).
"
" Following the Roman withdrawal from Britain around 410, the Cornovians seem to have divided into Pengwern and Powys. The minor Magonsæte sub-kingdom also emerged in the area in the interlude between Powysian and Mercian rule. Viroconium may have served as the early post-Roman capital of Powys prior to its removal to Mathrafal sometime before 717, following famine and plague in the area. The city has been variously identified with the and which appeared in the 9th-century ""History of the Britons""s list of the 28 cities of Britain.
"
" N. J. Higham proposes that Wroxeter became the eponymous capital of an early sub-Roman kingdom known as the ""Wrocensaete"", which he asserts was the successor territorial unit to Cornovia. The literal meaning of ""Wrocensaete"" is 'those dwelling at ""Wrocen""', which Higham interprets as Wroxeter. It may refer quite specifically to the royal court itself, in the first instance, and only by extension to the territory administered from the court.
"
" The Roman city was rediscovered in 1859 when workmen began excavating the baths complex. A replica Roman villa was constructed in 2010 for a Channel 4 television programme called ""Rome Wasn't Built in a Day"" and was opened to the public on 19 February 2011.
"
" At the centre of Wroxeter village is Saint Andrew's parish church, some of which is built from re-used Roman masonry. The oldest visible section of the church is the Anglo-Saxon part of the north wall which is built of Roman monumental stone blocks. The chancel and the lower part of the tower are Norman. The gatepiers to the churchyard are a pair of Roman columns and the font in the church was made by hollowing out the capital of a Roman column. Later additions to the church incorporate remains of an Anglo-Saxon preaching cross and carvings salvaged from nearby Haughmond Abbey following the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
"
" The west window, bearing figures of St Andrew and St George, designed by the workshops of Morris & Co., is a parish war memorial, as is a brass plaque listing parish men who died serving in World War I, one of whom, Captain C.W. Wolseley-Jenkins, has an individual memorial plaque in the east end.
"
" St. Andrew's was declared redundant in 1980 and is now managed by The Churches Conservation Trust. St. Andrew's parish is now united with that of St. Mary, Eaton Constantine.
"
" A. E. Housman visited the site and was impressed enough to write of ""when Uricon the city stood"", the poem ending ""Today the Roman and his trouble Are ashes under Uricon.""
"
" Bernard Cornwell has the main character of ""The Saxon Stories"" visit Wroxeter in Death of Kings, referring to it as an ancient Roman city that was ""as big as London"" and using it as an illustration of his pagan beliefs that the World will end in chaos.
"
" The village previously had a football team, Wroxeter Rovers FC. In 2017, the club was renamed to ""Shrewsbury Juniors FC"", in order to provide a senior football team for kids progressing through the club's junior football system to take part in after the age of 16-17. The club currently compete in the Shropshire Premier League.
"
"
"
"= = = Japanese Baseball League = = =
"
"
"
" The league's dominant team was Tokyo Kyojin (renamed the Yomiuri Giants in 1947), which won nine league championships, including six in a row from 1938–1943, when many of Japan's best players were serving in the Imperial Japanese Army.
"
" Unlike American pro teams, Japanese Baseball League teams were usually named after their corporate owners/sponsors rather than the cities or regions in which they played. This was because Japanese franchising does not have strong territorial requirements as in the Major Leagues; as a result, the JBL teams clustered in metropolitan areas in Japan's center (Tokyo, Nagoya) and south (Osaka). As a result, teams were notorious for how often they changed their names, often because of changes in ownership/sponsorship (and also because of nationalistic regulations imposed during wartime, such as the outlawing of English team names). (The Yomiuri Giants, the Chunichi Dragons, and the Hanshin Tigers are the only surviving major clubs that have always been based in their respective cities. Additionally, the current Orix Buffaloes are a merger of two clubs which never left their hometown.)
"
" Most Japanese Baseball League teams did not have an ""official"" home stadium; instead, teams played at any stadium in the area in which they were based. All league championships went to whoever had the best record at the end of the season, without a postseason series being played.
"
" The league was established on February 5, 1936, as the Japan Occupational Baseball League, with an initial complement of seven teams. Three of the teams were based in Tokyo, two in Osaka, and two in Nagoya. The league played fall and spring seasons in 1937 (c. 100-game schedule, in total) and 1938 (total 75-game schedule), adding one new team each year. It was renamed the Japanese Baseball League in 1939, playing a 96-game schedule. Before the 1940 season, one of the founding teams, Nagoya Kinko (originally the Nagoya Golden Dolphins), merged with the Tokyo Senators. The 1940 season featured a 104-game schedule.
"
" In October 1940 (responding to rising hostility toward the West due to World War II), the league outlawed the use of English in Japanese baseball. In response, the Korakuen Eagles became ""Kurowashi"", the Osaka Tigers became ""Hanshin"", the Tokyo Senators became ""Tsubasa"", and (eventually) Lion became ""Asahi.""
"
" In 1941, the JBL appointed its first president, Jiro Morioka (formerly VP of Dai Tokyo). Morioka negotiated with the Japanese Imperial Army to keep professional baseball going through the early years of the Second World War.
"
" The league played a 90-game schedule in 1941, a 104-game schedule in 1942, and an 84-game schedule in 1943.
"
" Two Tokyo-based teams dissolved before the 1944 season: the Yamato Baseball Club (originally the Korakuen Eagles) and the Nishitetsu Baseball Club (originally the Tokyo Senators).
"
" Due to the Pacific War, the 1944 season was truncated to c. 35 games, and the 1945 season was skipped entirely. Many players enlisted in the Japanese Imperial Army. The league restarted on November 6, 1945, and a full season of 105 games was played the next year, with two new teams (both based in Tokyo) joining the league. One of the new teams, Gold Star, was owned by textile manufacturer Komajiro Tamura, who also owned Pacific (formerly Asahi).
"
" A rival four-team league, known as the , played a 30-game summer season in 1947. Unable to compete against the more established JBL, however, the Kokumin League disbanded a few games into the 1947 fall season.
"
" The Japanese Baseball League played a 119-game schedule in 1947. That year, baseball personality Sōtaro Suzuki proposed that JBL teams should have pet names like the Yomiuri Giants', whose pet name was ""Kyojin"", and names such as the Osaka Tigers' alias ""Mouko"" (""fierce tiger""), the revived Tokyo Senators' ""Seito"" (""bluestockings"") and the Pacific's ""Taihei"" (""tranquility"") began to be used by the press. However, some teams rejected the use of these pet names, so they were never fully adopted. The 1948 season had a 140-game schedule, and the 1949 season had a 134-game schedule.
"
" After the 1949 season, the league reorganized into today's Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). Four of the franchises formerly in the Japanese Baseball League currently play in NPB's Central League, and four others are in the Pacific League.
"
" Victor Starffin, an ethnic Russian pitcher, was a dominant player of the era and the first professional pitcher in Japan to win three hundred games.
"
" Shosei Go, nicknamed ""The Human Locomotive"", was a speedy player from Taiwan who played in the league for the Kyojin and the Tigers. He won the 1943 JBL Most Valuable Player award as a member of the champion Kyojin. Hiroshi Oshita was another Taiwanese player who starred in the JBL. From 1946–1949 he played for the Tokyo Senators/Tokyu Flyers. (After reorganization, Oshita stayed with the Flyers until 1951, and then moved to the Nishitetsu Lions, finishing his Japanese professional career with a .303 lifetime batting average, 201 home runs, and 861 RBI.)
"
" Andrew ""Bucky"" Harris McGalliard (Japan's ""Bucky Harris""), Herbert ""Buster"" North, and James E. ""Jimmy Bonna"" Bonner became the first Americans to play in Japan's professional baseball league in 1936. (Bonner was African-American, thus beating Jackie Robinson to professional baseball 11 years before Robinson broke in with the Brooklyn Dodgers.) They were joined by the Japanese-American players Kiyomi ""Slim"" Hirakawa, Fumito ""Jimmy"" Horio, Kazuyoshi ""George"" Matsuura, Yoshio ""Sam"" Takahashi, and Tadashi ""Bozo"" Wakabayashi.
"
"
"
"= = = New Florence = = =
"
"
"
" New Florence is the name of several towns in the United States:
"
"
"
"= = = Scott Sheldon = = =
"
"
"
" Scott Patrick Sheldon (born November 20, 1968) is a former Major League Baseball third baseman/shortstop and right-handed batter who played for the Oakland Athletics (1997) and Texas Rangers (1998–2001). He also played in Japan for the Orix BlueWave (2002–03).
"
" On September 6, 2000, while playing for the Rangers, Sheldon became the third player in MLB history to play all nine positions in a single game, joining Bert Campaneris (Kansas City Athletics, September 8, ), and César Tovar (Minnesota Twins, September 22, ). Sheldon entered the game in the 4th inning and performed the feat in just five frames. He was later joined by Shane Halter (Detroit Tigers, October 1, ), and Andrew Romine (Detroit Tigers, September 30, ) in the select list of players to play all nine positions in the same game.
"
" In his 141-game Major League career Sheldon batted .235, with 8 home runs and 33 runs batted in.
"
" He spent two years in Japan with the BlueWave, batting. 255 with 34 homers and 83 RBI.

"

"= = = Wroxeter = = =

"

" Wroxeter is a village in Shropshire, England, which forms part of the civil parish of Wroxeter and Uppington, beside the River Severn, south-east of Shrewsbury.

"

" ""Viroconium Cornoviorum"", the fourth largest city in Roman Britain, was sited here, and is gradually being excavated.

"

" Roman Wroxeter, near the end of the Watling Street Roman road that ran across England from ""Dubris"" (Dover), was a key frontier position lying on the bank of the Severn river whose valley penetrated deep into Wales, and also on a route to the south leading to the Wye valley.

"

" Archaeology has shown that the site of the later city first was established about 55 as a frontier post for a Thracian legionary cohort located at a fort near the Severn river crossing. A few years later a legionary fortress (""castrum"") was built within the site of the later city for the Legio XIV Gemina during their invasion of Wales.

"

" The local British tribe of the Cornovii had their original capital (also thought to have been named *Uiroconion) at the hillfort on the Wrekin. When the Cornovii were eventually subdued their capital was moved to Wroxeter and given its Roman name.

"

" This legion XIV Gemina was later replaced by the Legio XX Valeria Victrix which in turn relocated to Chester around 88. As the military abandoned the fortress the site was taken over by the Cornovians' civilian settlement.

"

" The name of the settlement, meaning ""Viroconium of the Cornovians"", preserves a native Brittonic name that has been reconstructed as *Uiroconion (""[the city] of *Uirokū""), where *""Uiro-ku"" ( ""man""-""wolf"") is believed to have been a masculine given name meaning ""werewolf"".

"

" Viroconium prospered over the next century, with the construction of many public buildings, including thermae and a colonnaded forum. At its peak, it is thought to have been the 4th-largest settlement in Roman Britain, with a population of more than 15,000.

"

" The Roman city is first documented in Ptolemy's 2nd century ""Geography"" as one of the cities of the Cornovii tribe, along with Chester (Deva Victrix).

"

" Following the Roman withdrawal from Britain around 410, the Cornovians seem to have divided into Pengwern and Powys. The minor Magonsæte sub-kingdom also emerged in the area in the interlude between Powysian and Mercian rule. Viroconium may have served as the early post-Roman capital of Powys prior to its removal to Mathrafal sometime before 717, following famine and plague in the area. The city has been variously identified with the and which appeared in the 9th-century ""History of the Britons""s list of the 28 cities of Britain.

"

" N. J. Higham proposes that Wroxeter became the eponymous capital of an early sub-Roman kingdom known as the ""Wrocensaete"", which he asserts was the successor territorial unit to Cornovia. The literal meaning of ""Wrocensaete"" is 'those dwelling at ""Wrocen""', which Higham interprets as Wroxeter. It may refer quite specifically to the royal court itself, in the first instance, and only by extension to the territory administered from the court.

"

" The Roman city was rediscovered in 1859 when workmen began excavating the baths complex. A replica Roman villa was constructed in 2010 for a Channel 4 television programme called ""Rome Wasn't Built in a Day"" and was opened to the public on 19 February 2011.

"

" At the centre of Wroxeter village is Saint Andrew's parish church, some of which is built from re-used Roman masonry. The oldest visible section of the church is the Anglo-Saxon part of the north wall which is built of Roman monumental stone blocks. The chancel and the lower part of the tower are Norman. The gatepiers to the churchyard are a pair of Roman columns and the font in the church was made by hollowing out the capital of a Roman column. Later additions to the church incorporate remains of an Anglo-Saxon preaching cross and carvings salvaged from nearby Haughmond Abbey following the Dissolution of the Monasteries.

"

" The west window, bearing figures of St Andrew and St George, designed by the workshops of Morris & Co., is a parish war memorial, as is a brass plaque listing parish men who died serving in World War I, one of whom, Captain C.W. Wolseley-Jenkins, has an individual memorial plaque in the east end.

"

" St. Andrew's was declared redundant in 1980 and is now managed by The Churches Conservation Trust. St. Andrew's parish is now united with that of St. Mary, Eaton Constantine.

"

" A. E. Housman visited the site and was impressed enough to write of ""when Uricon the city stood"", the poem ending ""Today the Roman and his trouble Are ashes under Uricon.""

"

" Bernard Cornwell has the main character of ""The Saxon Stories"" visit Wroxeter in Death of Kings, referring to it as an ancient Roman city that was ""as big as London"" and using it as an illustration of his pagan beliefs that the World will end in chaos.

"

" The village previously had a football team, Wroxeter Rovers FC. In 2017, the club was renamed to ""Shrewsbury Juniors FC"", in order to provide a senior football team for kids progressing through the club's junior football system to take part in after the age of 16-17. The club currently compete in the Shropshire Premier League.

"

"= = = Japanese Baseball League = = =

"

" The league's dominant team was Tokyo Kyojin (renamed the Yomiuri Giants in 1947), which won nine league championships, including six in a row from 1938–1943, when many of Japan's best players were serving in the Imperial Japanese Army.

"

" Unlike American pro teams, Japanese Baseball League teams were usually named after their corporate owners/sponsors rather than the cities or regions in which they played. This was because Japanese franchising does not have strong territorial requirements as in the Major Leagues; as a result, the JBL teams clustered in metropolitan areas in Japan's center (Tokyo, Nagoya) and south (Osaka). As a result, teams were notorious for how often they changed their names, often because of changes in ownership/sponsorship (and also because of nationalistic regulations imposed during wartime, such as the outlawing of English team names). (The Yomiuri Giants, the Chunichi Dragons, and the Hanshin Tigers are the only surviving major clubs that have always been based in their respective cities. Additionally, the current Orix Buffaloes are a merger of two clubs which never left their hometown.)

"

" Most Japanese Baseball League teams did not have an ""official"" home stadium; instead, teams played at any stadium in the area in which they were based. All league championships went to whoever had the best record at the end of the season, without a postseason series being played.

"

" The league was established on February 5, 1936, as the Japan Occupational Baseball League, with an initial complement of seven teams. Three of the teams were based in Tokyo, two in Osaka, and two in Nagoya. The league played fall and spring seasons in 1937 (c. 100-game schedule, in total) and 1938 (total 75-game schedule), adding one new team each year. It was renamed the Japanese Baseball League in 1939, playing a 96-game schedule. Before the 1940 season, one of the founding teams, Nagoya Kinko (originally the Nagoya Golden Dolphins), merged with the Tokyo Senators. The 1940 season featured a 104-game schedule.

"

" In October 1940 (responding to rising hostility toward the West due to World War II), the league outlawed the use of English in Japanese baseball. In response, the Korakuen Eagles became ""Kurowashi"", the Osaka Tigers became ""Hanshin"", the Tokyo Senators became ""Tsubasa"", and (eventually) Lion became ""Asahi.""

"

" In 1941, the JBL appointed its first president, Jiro Morioka (formerly VP of Dai Tokyo). Morioka negotiated with the Japanese Imperial Army to keep professional baseball going through the early years of the Second World War.

"

" The league played a 90-game schedule in 1941, a 104-game schedule in 1942, and an 84-game schedule in 1943.

"

" Two Tokyo-based teams dissolved before the 1944 season: the Yamato Baseball Club (originally the Korakuen Eagles) and the Nishitetsu Baseball Club (originally the Tokyo Senators).

"

" Due to the Pacific War, the 1944 season was truncated to c. 35 games, and the 1945 season was skipped entirely. Many players enlisted in the Japanese Imperial Army. The league restarted on November 6, 1945, and a full season of 105 games was played the next year, with two new teams (both based in Tokyo) joining the league. One of the new teams, Gold Star, was owned by textile manufacturer Komajiro Tamura, who also owned Pacific (formerly Asahi).

"

" A rival four-team league, known as the , played a 30-game summer season in 1947. Unable to compete against the more established JBL, however, the Kokumin League disbanded a few games into the 1947 fall season.

"

" The Japanese Baseball League played a 119-game schedule in 1947. That year, baseball personality Sōtaro Suzuki proposed that JBL teams should have pet names like the Yomiuri Giants', whose pet name was ""Kyojin"", and names such as the Osaka Tigers' alias ""Mouko"" (""fierce tiger""), the revived Tokyo Senators' ""Seito"" (""bluestockings"") and the Pacific's ""Taihei"" (""tranquility"") began to be used by the press. However, some teams rejected the use of these pet names, so they were never fully adopted. The 1948 season had a 140-game schedule, and the 1949 season had a 134-game schedule.

"

" After the 1949 season, the league reorganized into today's Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). Four of the franchises formerly in the Japanese Baseball League currently play in NPB's Central League, and four others are in the Pacific League.

"

" Victor Starffin, an ethnic Russian pitcher, was a dominant player of the era and the first professional pitcher in Japan to win three hundred games.

"

" Shosei Go, nicknamed ""The Human Locomotive"", was a speedy player from Taiwan who played in the league for the Kyojin and the Tigers. He won the 1943 JBL Most Valuable Player award as a member of the champion Kyojin. Hiroshi Oshita was another Taiwanese player who starred in the JBL. From 1946–1949 he played for the Tokyo Senators/Tokyu Flyers. (After reorganization, Oshita stayed with the Flyers until 1951, and then moved to the Nishitetsu Lions, finishing his Japanese professional career with a .303 lifetime batting average, 201 home runs, and 861 RBI.)

"

" Andrew ""Bucky"" Harris McGalliard (Japan's ""Bucky Harris""), Herbert ""Buster"" North, and James E. ""Jimmy Bonna"" Bonner became the first Americans to play in Japan's professional baseball league in 1936. (Bonner was African-American, thus beating Jackie Robinson to professional baseball 11 years before Robinson broke in with the Brooklyn Dodgers.) They were joined by the Japanese-American players Kiyomi ""Slim"" Hirakawa, Fumito ""Jimmy"" Horio, Kazuyoshi ""George"" Matsuura, Yoshio ""Sam"" Takahashi, and Tadashi ""Bozo"" Wakabayashi.

"

"= = = New Florence = = =

"

" New Florence is the name of several towns in the United States:

"

"= = = Scott Sheldon = = =

"

" Scott Patrick Sheldon (born November 20, 1968) is a former Major League Baseball third baseman/shortstop and right-handed batter who played for the Oakland Athletics (1997) and Texas Rangers (1998–2001). He also played in Japan for the Orix BlueWave (2002–03).

"

" On September 6, 2000, while playing for the Rangers, Sheldon became the third player in MLB history to play all nine positions in a single game, joining Bert Campaneris (Kansas City Athletics, September 8, ), and César Tovar (Minnesota Twins, September 22, ). Sheldon entered the game in the 4th inning and performed the feat in just five frames. He was later joined by Shane Halter (Detroit Tigers, October 1, ), and Andrew Romine (Detroit Tigers, September 30, ) in the select list of players to play all nine positions in the same game.

"

" In his 141-game Major League career Sheldon batted .235, with 8 home runs and 33 runs batted in.

"

" He spent two years in Japan with the BlueWave, batting. 255 with 34 homers and 83 RBI.