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Host Ira Glass explains that if we're going to war—as the President keeps promising—it's hard to understand what's in store for us. Today's show is an attempt to figure that out.
There are 10 results
Ira talks with Chicago Public Radio reporter Shirley Jahad about white Chicagoans and Arab-American Chicagoans facing off, each side waving American flags and shouting "U.S.A."...and how each means very different things when they do it.
To understand how Cicero reacted when Hispanics started flooding into town, you have to understand how it dealt with conflict in the past. For a period the town was run by Al Capone, and the mob was connected to Town Hall for most of the twentieth century.
Despite the town's resistance, Hispanics now make up three quarters of the population. And yet the incumbent Town President, Betty Loren-Maltese, seems likely to win the next election.
Two stories about daily life in Cicero. First the tale of Dave Boyle, who stumbled into Cicero politics accidentally in the 1980s, suffered the bruises, and left town.
We got a new President, but after the recount mess in Florida in the fall of 2001 and the Supreme Court decision that ended the election, some people were having a hard time moving on. Why? Why couldn't they just let it go? Host Ira Glass talks with people at the inauguration.
Jonathan Chait of The New Republic and David Horowitz of Slate magazine each tell the story of the Florida recount. There is astonishingly little overlap in their accounts.
When it comes to political fighting, there's no more intimate a space than a marriage, where you have to get along. Where you have to figure out how to move on and get over disagreement.
We return to the Supreme Court case of Bush vs. Gore to try to better understand why the majority ruled the way it did...and whether the decision was in fact as outrageous as many critics said it was.
A chat with Reverend Richard Harris, an African-American minister in Florida who's trying not to be angry about the election...because it's against his religion. | <urn:uuid:27454c90-32f6-4c33-a6ff-a51811a5b150> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thisamericanlife.org/archive?contributor=8731&tag=7753&year=2001&type=episodes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.969107 | 440 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Group 3 S Cordial Remainder Labeling
A. Lourdusamy1, S. Jenifer Wency2, F. Patrick3
1A. Lourdusamy, Department of Mathematics, St. Xavier’s College, Palayamkottai, India.
2S. Jenifer Wency, Department of Mathematics, Manonmaiam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India.
3F. Patrick, Department of Mathematics, St. Xavier’s College, Palayamkottai, India.
Manuscript received on November 12, 2019. | Revised Manuscript received on November 23, 2019. | Manuscript published on 30 November, 2019. | PP: 8276-8281 | Volume-8 Issue-4, November 2019. | Retrieval Number: D8953118419/2019©BEIESP | DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.D8953.118419
Open Access | Ethics and Policies | Cite | Mendeley | Indexing and Abstracting
© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Abstract: Let G = (V(G),E(G)) be a graph and let 3 g :V(G)→S be a function. For each edge xy , assign the label r where r is the remainder when o(g(x)) is divided by o(g(y)) or o(g(y)) is divided by o(g(x)) according as o(g(x))≥ o(g( y)) or o(g( y)) ≥ o(g(x)) . The function g is called a group 3 S cordial remainder labeling of G if | vg(x)-vg(y) | ≤1 vg(x) vg(x) vg (y) ≤1and | (0) (1) | 1 g g eg e g , where v g v x denotes the number of vertices labeled with x and vg(i) g e i denotes the number of edges labeled with i (i= 0,1) . A graph G which admits a group 3 S cordial remainder labeling is called a group 3 S cordial remainder graph. In this paper, we introduce the concept of group 3 S cordial remainder labeling. We prove that some standard graphs admit a group 3 S cordial remainder labeling.
Keywords: Group 3 S Cordial Remainder Labeling, Group 3 S Cordial Remainder Graph, Path, Cycle.
Scope of the Article: Life Cycle Engineering. | <urn:uuid:7bb62fb8-0534-4896-bb73-c18947ba80bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ijrte.org/portfolio-item/D8953118419/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.823008 | 588 | 1.96875 | 2 |
The Great Republic of Rough and Ready wanted no part of taxation, prohibition, or the government’s lackadaisical approach to law enforcement.
In April of 1850, the fine folks of the aptly-named mining town decided they would be answerable to no sovereignty but themselves. There were a few reasons that the boomtown made up mostly of Wisconsin miners decided to become their own nation, the indignity of the recent prohibition laws in the county along with the newly instituted taxation on mining claims being first and foremost. When “The Man” who was taxing their gold and stealing their booze refused to hang a con man that had hoodwinked several residents out of their claims, Rough and Ready had had enough—they were striking out on their own.
After going through the necessary motions including electing a president, drafting a constitution, and forming a cabinet, the Great Republic of Rough and Ready officially seceded, no longer obligated to answer to anyone but their damn selves. Drinks were had, the con man was hanged, and the residents of the Great Republic reveled in their independence.
…for about three months.
Soon, plans for Fourth of July revelry began buzzing in the neighboring settlements, and the denizens of the Great Republic realized that as former Americans, they were no longer invited to what was previously one of their favorite parties. Yearning wistfully for parades, speeches and other patriotic merriment, they held an emergency meeting, quickly dissolved the republic by popular vote and hastily began planning their Fourth of July bash, one of the rowdiest the town had ever known.
Once a feisty, vibrant town, Rough and Ready suffered heavily from fire damage (no reported connection to Fourth of July shenanigans) and is now sparsely populated with roughly 100 residents, quite a drop from its heyday population of 3,000. Despite its semi-ghost town status, be sure the remaining residents are just as proud and fiery as ever, celebrating the history of their three months of freedom with a Rough and Ready’s Secession Day celebration every June, on the last Sunday of the month. | <urn:uuid:1ca9185e-0369-443e-b5f5-1535fc9e0df2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://assets.atlasobscura.com/places/rough-and-ready | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.985115 | 435 | 2.453125 | 2 |
I am so envious of these four chapbooks and delighted they were gifts recently given to me. All from Cascadians and all quite worth while. Wikipedia (by way of the O.E.D.) says: “Chapbook is first attested in English in 1824, and seems to derive from the word for the itinerant salesmen who would sell such books: chapman. The first element of chapman comes in turn from Old English cēap (‘barter, business, dealing’).” Wish I had a couple of chapbooks this inspired. And by inspiration, I mean the whole package, the cover, the binding, the design, the writing. Wow.
Samar Albulhassan has been a teacher at Seattle Arts and Lectures’ Writers in the Schools Program for the past seven years, and continues to teach writing to teens and adults at the Richard Hugo House. Her new chapbook is: “all dharmas are bleeding and flowing.” In Sanskrit one interpretation of the word “dharma” is to hold; to maintain. Law is a word also associated with this interpretation. And so to understand a law as bleeding and flowing is an especially potent notion for our time where uncertainty is seen as a weakness, when it is often the sign of an ability to understand and consider all possibilities. That this dharma would also be bleeding, suggests it is alive; has sentience.
The book comes out of a workshop on erasure poems conducted by Matthea Harvey and from mixing bits of texts from three main sources: Thich Naht Hahn‘s Old Path, White Clouds, the Wim Wenders film Wings of Desire and the Helene Cixous book The Third Body. What’s left after erasing is a pastiche that reveals some very inspired phrases which work very well as poems almost all of the time.
at last an inner light
Not a single wall In meditation
I accept that suffering is a truth.
How could I ever stop
and a poem that ends:
The way the lines are pasted in and the palimpsest effect is extraordinary as well leaving a ghostly/spooky vibe that (because of the text and the inferences) does not evoke creepiness, but an inspired otherworldliness which is not an easy thing to do.
The split pin that keeps this little book together is not ideal and I can see trouble ahead should the book not be handled with care, as sometimes happens when moving.
Though the energy of the poems (for me) tends to peak about 3/4ths of the way through the book, this combination of use of language and spiritual inference is a very potent combination and portends very good things from this poet.
Kim Clark is a Cedar, BC, (Nanaimo) poet whom I first met at the (sadly now defunct) Victoria School of Writing Summer School. She was part of a week-long workshop with master Cascadia poet George Bowering. Her new chapbook Middle Child of Summer was beautifully published by Leaf Press and hand-bound with thread. And the notion of August being a middle child is an inspired perception and one that I wish I had thought of!
The poems were all written for the August Poetry Postcard Fest which I had a hand in starting in 2007, so are all short (because they had to fit on a postcard) are pithy and are not afraid to see the beauty in a month that is “sandwiched [on stale rye] / between peachy ambition / and the spoilage of bouncing / apples.”
A lost poem
a found map–neither
tells us much
but both bring
to mind a lover
with an onion bouquet
passed through an open window
Geography, what you do to me.
This is a great illustration of how the abstractions have to be earned because there is the payoff of the very tangible onion bouquet and there are numerous occasions like this one in the 31 poems. (One for each August day.) There is an “Outrageous cheddar halfmoon” and other very original uses of language, but also clichés like “all hell broke loose” and “no tomorrow” and “stops us in our tracks” but given that these poems were all written spontaneously onto postcards, you can either cut her some slack or appreciate that she published the poems with all of their warts. (Or are these liver spots?) www.leafpress.ca
Heidi Greco’s Lessons from the I Ching: For the Mountain, Lheklhukxayten (The place to peel Arbutus trees) is a simple, but elegant hand-made chapbook bound by thread and written to benefit the Burnaby Mountain Defense Fund. Greco participated in the first two Cascadia Poetry Festivals and at the first, in Columbia City in 2012, was part of the all-women eco-poetics panel. You can get the depth of eco-poetics, at least her version of it, with just the title of the book. Called Arbutus trees in Canada, they are Madrones south of the 49th and anyone who loves these trees loves to peel them, as they have a kind of skin that peels right off and often reveals tan lines. (Would love to see books made out of paper made from this.) That she would include the indigenous name for the mountain seems an almost necessary part of any eco-poetics project in Cascadia and for any poet who desires a deeper connection with place. After all, indigenous people were the last folks to have an authentic culture in this part of the world, as what the settlers brought with them is not earth-based, a huge part of our problem on this continent. Greco uses the I-Ching to illustrate the protests against Kinder Morgan’s efforts to create a pipeline that would have run through public land on Burnaby Mountain in B.C., not far from where she lives. Notions like K’un / The Receptive are about devotion and the earth, so seems a natural for the narrative building here.
The book is a response to (& benefit for) the protests and works as a tool for sustaining the resolve of protesters, which must have worked, because the pipeline-building efforts seem to have stopped for now. There is a very strong sense of place related here by someone who has hiked these woods with children and engaged in a wide variety of activities:
This is the mountain where I knew the trails
spoke to ancient conifers, planted new trees
made outlandish love to you, my back against
the rough embrace of bark.
The trees likely prefer this to hugging, but make your own call. Alternating I-Ching lines with her narrative of support for the protestors, there is a good balance of each. Because of the intention to create something of support, quasi-political and obviously on the side of the ecosystem and protesters, the aesthetic bandwidth is more narrow than something that might have been written just to chronicle the event and this sometimes feels rah-rah, but it’s for the right team, her instincts are spot on (as evidenced by the indigenous reference) and the book is beautiful. May her team prevail.
Later Heaven by Matt Trease (another postcard fest participant and Seattle resident) also uses the I-Ching, but this time more in the way of John Cage, who used the divination method to construct compositions. Feng Shui principles were used to order the material gathered through divination, a more structured approach than Albulhassan’s effort, but the result is along the lines of Steve Reich rather than John Cage. It’s repetitive and challenging and we’re privy to the process used. It can be quite interesting when the lines that emerge from such a process are:
That “percussion grenade” and other odd/inspired phrases return in a slightly different way each time, and so the ordering, while a lot more let’s say disruptive than a typical narrative, feels more like how life actually happens. Events in our lives often have echoes of the past, usually linked to our personal myth and returning at unexpected intervals as these phrases do with Trease in this book. It is that kind of experience that the best poetry can give us, allow us to transcend the “normal” which is a difficult task to do skillfully. Were I to critique, I would have preferred more tangible images had been chosen from the source texts, but often people employ these processes quite strictly and that may have been the case with Trease. Either way, I am on the side of the poem that tries do something different, event if the results are uneven.
All these chapbooks, as I mentioned, are beautiful and well-worth owning. Often chapbooks are a nice way to get some dough into a poet’s pocket and we all know someone who is chosen by those often benevolent forces can always use some dough. They always give you a taste of what the poet’s up to and, if inspired, you can dig deeper into that person’s work. That there is a bit of each poet’s soul in these books is the huge common thread. This is no small task in this era where what is considered innovative is often gimmicky. These chapbooks reflect how each poet lives a life of poetry and I am honored to have them in my collection. | <urn:uuid:8c2bdac4-edd9-445d-bab4-a9aa6b88ec80> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://paulenelson.com/2015/03/01/albulhassan-clark-greco-triese-chapbooks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.968181 | 2,011 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Hey gang, listen up! We’ve got a great article on tips for back to school prep, plus a great giveaway from Happy Family! 1 lucky family will win a Happiest Kid Gift Set, valued at $110!
THIS CONTEST IS CLOSED
This Happiest Kid Gift Set includes:
- 2 cases of Happy Squeeze pouches
- 2 cases of Happy Kid Oat Bars
- 1 Happy Family shopping bag
- 1 Dirty Dozen/Clean Fifteen wallet card
Help your children grow leaps and bounds from the inside out! The Happy Kid line of organic snacks from Happy Family will ensure that your kids are getting the nutrition they need that they will actually want to eat. These are the perfect additions to any lunch box or snack box, or even to throw in your kids’ backpacks for a snack on the go. The new Apple Cinnamon, Blueberry Raspberry, and Banana Chocolate Happy Kid oat bars are delicious and perfect for your older kids!
5 Tips for Back to School Prep
I know a lot of us are still sipping our summer margaritas and don’t want to think about the fall just yet. There are even more of us out there that can’t wait for the school bells to start ringing again! Whichever side of the autumn fence you’re on, getting everyone back into the school routine can be challenging.
Here are my 5 tips for back to school prep. Hopefully, this will ease your family’s transition from summer fun to scholastic fantastic!
1. Get familiar
Many schools will offer an open house when you can go and get familiar with the building’s layout, classrooms, and possibly meet school staff during the summer break. If you’ve missed the open house, call the school and speak with the administrative staff and see if you can schedule a meeting with the principal, as well as your children’s teachers. This is the time to ask about transportation, after school programs and sports. You may want to ask what the protocol is for snow day cancellations, early release, and emergency evacuation? Where are the drop off and pick up areas at the school. And what time is the drop off and pick up? If your child rides a bus you will need to know what time to get to the bus stop in the morning and what time it should arrive back. Is there a school website with news and updates as well as a calendar of school events? Getting familiar with the building, staff and the policies of the school will get rid of a lot of confusion in the long school year to come.
2. Get checked out
Most schools require that your child have a physical before the start of the school year. Many also require proof that your child has received the necessary vaccines as regulated by your state. The most common required vaccines are: Measles/Mumps/Rubella(MMR), Diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis(DTaP), Varicella (chickenpox) and the Flu vaccine. Again, regulations vary state to state, so you should call your school to get a list of what is required for each grade. Be sure to call your pediatrician and schedule an appointment a month or two ahead of time as back to school check-ups will flood your pediatrician’s calendar. You don’t want to be delayed in getting your child to school because you are unable to get an appointment before the first day.
3. Get organized
Now is the time to set up your home’s command center, or if you’re tech savvy, time to set everyone up with an amazing organizing app. One I personally love is called Cozi. Each family member has access to the family’s calendar. You can also make shopping lists, to-do lists (chore and homework lists, perhaps?) and there’s even a section for meal prep and planning! You can create the family’s calendar to show everything from drop-off/pick-up times, after school activities, birthday parties – you name it. Everything you need to remember daily all in one place!
4. Get practicing
Consider doing some dress-rehearsals before the first day of school! Start your typical morning school routine a few weeks before school starts. Set the alarms, get everyone dressed, fed, ready and in the car each day. Even if it’s just to go grab a coffee or head to the park…really early. This way, you can see just how much time it will take everyone to be ready and in the car each day without the pressure of actually getting to school. By the time school rolls around, they’ll be no frantic running around and fear of being late. You’ll have the morning routine down pat. This will also give you ample time to tweak the way you prep for school nights. Do you set out clothes the night before? Are lunches packed in the morning? Should backpacks be hung by the door? All things you’ll have time to figure out if you give yourself some dry-runs first.
5. Get supplies
Of course all that prep and practice is great, but you’re going to need supplies. Some school mail their supply list home. Other schools send their required supply lists to local retail stores like Wal-Mart and Target in the summer. So, when the back to school supplies start hitting the shelves, you will typically find these lists attached to their displays. If that’s not the case, you can always go to the school’s website or call them directly to have them send you the grade-specific list of supplies. Some schools also have a volunteer list of desired supplies for the classroom, which typically include tissues, Clorox wipes, dry erase markers, crayons, glue sticks, etc. This is also a good time to check with the school to see what is allowed in the lunchboxes. Some schools are allergen-free, so better to find out before you pack that PB&J. If your child takes medication during the day that will need to be administered by the nurse make sure to get a school-only supply from your doctor, as well as a letter of necessity and dosing information to give to the school nurse.
Follow these tips for back to school prep and you and your family will be ready (though some parents are already probably more than ready) to head back into the classroom for a successful and fulfilling school year.
Juli Couture is thirty-something mother to hysterical, fraternal twin girls as well as a brother/sister Boston Terrier dynamic duo. Hailing from the North Shore of Massachusetts, she is also a part-time Clinical Assistant, II at Children’s Hospital. Her passion in life is entertaining, especially through writing, though her theme parties are also a pretty great time. She serves as Recording Secretary on the Massachusetts Mother of Twins Association board as well as Membership Secretary on the North Shore Mothers of Multiples board. She loves classic rock, sugar skulls, making people laugh and coffee…lots and lots of coffee. You can follow her on facebook, twitter, and a new blog, coming soon!
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The Western Kentucky University (WKU) Center for Human GeoEnvironmental Studies (CHNGES) is an interdisciplinary Center of Excellence in the WKU Ogden College of Science and Engineering Applied Research and Technology Program. The mission for CHNGES is to establish itself as a leader in applied research and student engagement at the national and international levels to address human-geoenvironmental challenges.
Louisville Grotto also owns and maintains the The Lone Star Preserve, an educational nature preserve near Bonnieville, Kentucky. www.louisville.caves.org
Education is an important cornerstone of The Cleveland Grotto’s activities. In addition to our library of cave-related materials; our newsletters, meetings, and outings are an important way for us to share information on caving , cave safety, and other relevant topics. www.clevelandgrotto.org/ClevelandGrotto/Welcome.html
In existence since 1996, the Sub-Urban Chicago Grotto of the National Speleological Society has supported the ACCA and assisted with volunteer activities since their founding. SUCG cavers also are current participants in Mammoth Cave restoration, the Cave Research Foundation, the Karst Conservancy of Illinois, the Indiana Karst Conservancy, the NSS News monthly magazine, Old Timers Reunion and several other caver events and activities
We are dedicated to the exploration, preservation, and conservation of the subterranean ecosystem. Our membership includes individuals at all experience levels. We welcome anyone who is concerned with the conservation and care of these fragile cave environments, and who wish to pursue a safe and rewarding caving experience.
Become A Partner
The American Cave Conservation Association (ACCA) is a National 501 (c) 3 Nonprofit Organization.
Donations and Memberships are Deductible to the Fullest Extent Allowed by Law. | <urn:uuid:7d8273cb-0071-459d-a4df-5ebbe8d87451> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://caveconservation.com/our-partners/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.877349 | 423 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Brazil demands for diversity boost black patient-focused platform
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For most of his life, Igor Leo Rocha has suffered from folliculitis, a bacterial condition whereby hair grows back into the skin when it is cut, causing painful inflammation. Common among black men, it is often treated mistakenly as acne — and Rocha’s case was no exception.
He lives in Salvador, a coastal city in Brazil where the majority of residents are of African descent. Even so, no dermatologist he consulted there was able to properly diagnose and treat the problem.
Rocha, a journalist, says many doctors he saw prescribed “strong medication that made it worse. I then realised my problem was specific to black skin and that I had never been seen by a black doctor.”
Meanwhile, Rocha’s partner, Arthur Lima, a dentist, noticed a demand for medical services that met the needs of black patients. “I was asked for suggestions of black dentists for a patient who felt she had been discriminated against by a white dentist,” says Lima.
So Lima and Rocha turned to technology and, in 2019, founded the AfroSaúde platform. “We connect black professionals and patients seeking representativeness and diversity in care, as well as non-black patients who might want to use the platform,” says Lima.
AfroSaúde has so far enabled 2,000 patients to find and book consultations with nearly 1,000 black professionals in Brazil, including medical practitioners, dentists and therapists. Payment for the consultations is made through the AfroSaúde platform, which takes a commission.
As well as increasing the visibility of black medical professionals, the start-up aims to address other deep-rooted problems in the country’s healthcare system.
Non-white Brazilians — who make up about half of the country’s 210m population — have reported veiled or overt racism during medical consultations, such as the assumption that black people are more resilient to pain, says Lima.
Research by the Brazilian ministry of health suggests black Brazilians are less likely than white patients to seek medical advice when ill, because of factors such as fear of discrimination and longer waiting times.
As the Covid-19 pandemic has shifted many healthcare services online via technology such as telemedicine, AfroSaúde has followed suit. “Even though we are now seeing a return of in-person consultations, all appointments booked via our platform are happening online,” says Rocha.
To overcome the problem of poor internet coverage in remote regions, AfroSaúde’s video consultations — which take place via a browser or app — can be adjusted for low bandwidths.
Government research suggests that three-quarters of Brazilians rely on public healthcare but will still pay for private consultations when their problems cannot be solved in the public system.
AfroSaúde is targeting that audience by offering psychotherapy services through its app, as well as content for corporate users — such as videos and newsletters on mental healthcare. An artificial intelligence-enabled chatbot to provide health-related educational content is also on the horizon, says Lima.
The start-up is engaged in social impact initiatives, as well, he says, including a project to improve access to primary and specialist care in the public healthcare system. The project will entail automating tasks such as medical consultation bookings via a digital platform.
AfroSaúde has received support from a pool of backers, including Google’s Black Founders Fund and non-profit group the We Are Family Foundation.
According to Maitê Lourenço, a psychologist and chief executive of BlackRocks Startups, a Brazilian innovation hub focused on tech businesses led by black entrepreneurs, there is a growing demand for racialised healthcare services in Brazil. “[Such services] are crucial because of the specific requirements we have as a consequence of racism in our everyday lives — and digital technology plays an important role in broadening access to care,” she says.
But Brazil’s technology sector must itself tackle systemic racism to allow more businesses such as AfroSaúde to emerge and thrive, says Lourenço. “Digital innovation in healthcare in Brazil tends to be aimed at wealthier audiences and led by white male founders, who in turn attract more investment.
“This leads to a shortsightedness in business development and innovation, and brings significant challenges to [black-led] disrupters, since they need capital to grow and reach broader audiences.”
Get alerts on Technology when a new story is published | <urn:uuid:9412599e-2f3f-466e-935a-b664b7b0a0d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www-ft-com.newman.richmond.edu/content/7cd65178-589a-4a97-9620-1132de376008 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.964925 | 981 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Dan Gutstein on DUDLEY RANDALL
(January 14, 1914 - August 5, 2000)
Dudley Randall led a life full of intellectual exploration, service, and literary entrepreneurship. He started writing poetry at an early age, and filled notebooks throughout his years, drawing on the civil rights movement, work experiences, travels, and personal experiences for inspiration. In addition to serving his country in the Pacific theatre during World War II, Randall worked for Ford Motor Company, the U.S. Postal Service, and several libraries. In the 1960s, he built one of the most important presses in American history, and went on to publish scores of African American authors, as well as several books of his own poetry, including some truly classic pieces.
In "Ballad of Birmingham," Randall conjures one of the most vivid and vicious chapters from the civil rights movement: the bombing of a church in 1963 that wounded 21 and cost four girls their lives. The poem begins with a dialogue between mother and daughter during which, ironically, the mother forbids the daughter to march for freedom, fearing that street violence will erupt. Instead, she gives permission for the daughter to sing in the children's choir at their church. How could the mother know, of course, that the streets, that day, might have offered some relative safety? The tragedy, a central feature of many ballads, becomes especially clear and poignant at the end, when the mother searches for her missing daughter. The poem can speak for itself:
BALLAD OF BIRMINGHAM
"Mother dear, may I go downtown
instead of out to play,
and march the streets of Birmingham
in a Freedom March today?"
"No, baby, no, you may not go,
for the dogs are fierce and wild,
and clubs and hoses, guns and jails
ain't good for a little child."
"But, mother, I won't be alone.
Other children will go with me,
and march the streets of Birmingham
to make our country free."
"No, baby, no, you may not go,
for I fear those guns will fire.
But you may go to church instead
and sing in the children's choir."
She has combed and brushed her nightdark hair,
and bathed rose petal sweet,
and drawn white gloves on her small brown hands,
and white shoes on her feet.
The mother smiled to know her child
was in the sacred place,
but that smile was the last smile
to come upon her face.
For when she heard the explosion,
her eyes grew wet and wild.
She raced through the streets of Birmingham
calling for her child.
She clawed through bits of glass and brick,
then lifted out a shoe.
"O, here's the shoe my baby wore,
but, baby, where are you?"
(The Black Poets 143-144)
Some readers may care to know that other versions of the poem contained different wordings, here and there. Consider the poem's final stanza from Randall's 1966 publication, Poem Counterpoem, where the piece originally appeared in book form: "She clawed in bits of glass and brick / Then lifted out a shoe. / 'O, here's a shoe, but where's the foot, / And, baby, where are you?'"
Two men involved with the bombing finally received lifetime jail sentences in 2001, in one case, and 2002, in the other, but "The Ballad of Birmingham" retains its relevance for other reasons: the tenderness between mother and daughter, a well-chiseled pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables, and haunting visual images, including the symbol of loss--the shoe--at the end. Many of Randall's other poems, formal and free verse alike, contain this soft-spoken honesty and truthfulness.
In Randall's widely-anthologized poem, "Booker T. and W.E.B.," Booker T. Washington argues that African Americans should work quietly on the plantation for Mr. Charlie and Miss Ann and save money to buy a house, among other things, as part of a fictional conversation with W.E.B. DuBois, who constantly disagrees, citing education as the goal to which Afircan Americans should aspire. Randall ends the poem with a nod to the latter, W.E.B.:
"I don't agree," said W.E.B.
"For what can property avail
If dignity and justice fail?
Unless you help to make the laws,
They'll steal your house with trumped-up clause.
A rope's as tight, a fire as hot,
No matter how much cash you've got.
Speak soft, and try your little plan,
But as for me, I'll be a man."
"It seems to me," said Booker T.--
"I don't agree,"
(Poem Counterpoem 8)
In "Pacific Epitaphs," Randall remembers fallen World War II servicemen, and where they fell, with a series of 17 haiku-like short poems that stamp a quiet face on otherwise grisly deaths:
In far-off Rabaul
I died for democracy.
Better I fell in Mississippi.
Splendid against the night
The searchlights, the tracers' arcs,
And the red flare of bombs
Filling the eye,
And the brain.
(More to Remember 36-39)
Going even farther back, beyond the civil rights movement and World War II, Randall presents a simple portrait of a man down on his luck in the poem, "For Pharish Pinckney, / Bindle-Stiff During the Depression." He finishes by poking a stick in the eye of the country that abandoned the man: "You felt the joy of roaming far and free, / and in the jungle shared the hobo's stew, / and learned the kindness and the cruelty / of the land that mothered and rejected you" (More to Remember 15).
A great Randall poem, "An Answer to / Lerone Bennett's Questionnaire / On a Name for Black Americans" explores, in blunt terms, the importance of "name tags" versus "inner mettle." Employing a tone a bit uncharacteristic for him, Randall replies loudly to this young man's "questionnaire," finishing with a challenge:
If the white man took the name Negro,
and you took the name Caucasian,
he'd still kick your ass,
as long as you let him.
If you're so insecure
that a word makes you quake,
won't cure you.
Change your mind,
not your name.
Change your life,
not your clothes.
(More to Remember 67)
Together, Dudley Randall's body of work both chronicles and evokes, informs and emotes. Many of his poems capture characters, speech, and "response." Randall challenges readers to examine the foundations of their beliefs and values, by way of his genuine word.
Though he spent most of his life in Detroit, nevertheless Washington, D.C. can call Dudley Randall one of its own. Born here in 1914, Randall lived in the Washington area for the first six years of his life. One of his early memories involved a concert he attended in Towson, MD, which, according to the scholar Julius E. Thompson, inspired him to compose new words for a song he heard, "Maryland, My Maryland." (Obviously the creative impulse started extremely early.) After living for a short time in East St. Louis, the family moved finally in 1920 to Detroit, where Randall's father, a college educated teacher, principal, and minister, found work at an automotive plant. Randall's mother worked for a time as a kindergarten teacher and also stayed at home with her five children: four sons and a daughter.
In 1927, just thirteen years old, Randall won a poetry contest sponsored by the Detroit Free Press. The newspaper published his poem and awarded him $1, but the young writer did not publish another poem for some time. After graduating from high school, Randall worked at an automotive plant himself, for Ford, and then for the U.S. Postal Service as a carrier. He served as a supply sergeant in the U.S. Army from 1943 to 1946, upon several islands in the Pacific, with the fighting often nearby. After the war, Randall earned a bachelor's degree in English from Wayne State University (1949) and a master's degree in library science from the University of Michigan (1951). He worked for several libraries throughout the 1950s, including those at Lincoln University, Jefferson City, Mo., and Morgan State College, Baltimore, Md., and in Wayne County, in the Detroit area. As the early 1960s began to unfold, Randall hungered to move forward with his own writing and become part of a larger community of Black writers. He ended up creating history.
Randall founded Broadside Press, a house devoted to publishing African American poets, by printing his own "Ballad of Birmingham" on a single sheet of paper (a "broadside") in 1965. Shortly thereafter, he published Poem Counterpoem, a collaboration between himself and Margaret Danner, a fellow Detroit poet, in which one poem by Danner followed a poem by Randall, and so forth. The 24 page, saddle stitched chapbook, which came out in 1966, contained the Randall favorites "Ballad of Birmingham," "Booker T. and W.E.B.," and "The Southern Road," among others.
According to the Detroit Free Press, Broadside went on to publish 90 titles of poetry up until 1977, and had some 500,000 books in print. Randall published several writers active in the Black Arts Movement as well as a host of major poets, including Etheridge Knight, Sonia Sanchez, Nikki Giovanni, Haki R. Madhubuti (formerly Don L. Lee), Gwendolyn Brooks, Sterling Brown, Lucille Clifton, Robert Hayden, June Jordan, and Jean Toomer. Audre Lorde's Broadside book From a Land Where Other People Live (1973) received a nomination for the National Book Award. Moreover, Randall nurtured the careers of many young poets, and engaged the talents of several artists to produce cover art for his many broadsides, pamphlets, and paperbacks, and also some hard cover titles. Broadside even sold tapes of authors reading their poems.
Randall self-published a short collection, Cities Burning, in 1968 and published another short collection, Love You, through Paul Breman two years later. Haki R. Madhubuti, founder of third world press, published Randall's fourth book, More to Remember, in 1971, and a subsequent collection, After the Killing, in 1973. Randall published two more books after that, but also edited several important anthologies, including The Black Poets (Bantam, 1971).
Randall traveled widely in mid-life, visiting such countries as France, Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Union, Ghana, and Togo. He taught English at the University of Michigan and served as poet-in-residence at the University of Detroit. He went on to receive a fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts (1981) and, in the same year, Detroit Mayor Coleman Young named Dudley Randall as Detroit's first Poet Laureate. Retiring from the literary lifestyle, Randall sold Broadside Press in 1985. The press still operates, listing a Detroit address.
After two early marriages that ended in divorce, Randall married Vivian Barnett Spencer in 1957, and the two would stay together until the time of his death, in 2000. The couple had no children, but Randall did have a daughter, Phyllis, with his first wife. Other survivors include two grandchildren and two great grandchildren. At the time of his death, Haki Madhubuti called Randall "one of the great men of the century," crediting his success, and the success of many others, to the man who wrote "Ballad of Birmingham" and founded Broadside Press.
Books Written by Dudley Randall:
Poem Counterpoem, by Dudley Randall and Margaret Danner (Detroit: Broadside
Cities Burning (Detroit: Broadside Press, 1968).
Love You (London: Paul Breman, 1970).
More to Remember: Poems of Four Decades (Chicago: third world press, 1971).
After the Killing (Chicago: third world press, 1973),
Broadside Memories: Poets I Have Known (Detroit: Broadside Press, 1975).
A Litany of Friends: New and Selected Poems (Detroit: Lotus Press, 1981).
Books Edited by Dudley Randall:
For Malcolm: Poems on the Life and the Death of Malcolm X, edited by
Dudley Randall and Margaret G. Burroughs (Detroit: Broadside Press, 1967).
Black Poetry: A Supplement to Anthologies Which Exclude Black Poets (Detroit: Broadside Press, 1969).
Black Poets (New York: Bantam, 1971).
Golden Song: The Fiftieth Anniversary Anthology of the Poetry Society of Michigan, edited by Dudley Randall and Louis J. Cantoni (Detroit: Harlo, 1985).
Books About Dudley Randall:
Boyd, Melba Joyce. Wrestling with the Muse: Dudley Randall and the Broadside
Press (New York: Columbia University Press, forthcoming December 2003).
Thompson, Julius E. Dudley Randall, Broadside Press, and the Black Arts Movement in Detroit, 1960-1995 (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co., Inc., 1999)
The best information on the Internet can be found at: http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/m_r/randall/randall.htm | <urn:uuid:99c839c7-e492-409f-a261-bf794c0d0931> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://washingtonart.com/beltway/randall.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.953549 | 2,918 | 2.734375 | 3 |
To the editor:Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is the most common food allergy in children, with a prevalence of 1 to 3% (1). While the vast majority of CMAs clear after five years (2), some children have a persistent and severe disease associated with a risk of life-threatening allergic reactions (3). For those patients, oral immunotherapy (OIT) is now recommended (4); it consists in a tolerance induction by daily ingestion of allergen. However, in the most severe cases which react with a very low quantity of cow’s milk (CM), classic OIT cannot be initiated due to the impossibility of increasing the daily doses of CM. The adjunction of omalizumab, a monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, to OIT (oma-OIT), could be a safe and effective alternative in those cases; however, only a few studies have been published to decisively assess both the safety and efficiency of oma-OIT (5–8). The aim of our study was to evaluate both the effectiveness and safety in an oma-OIT protocol in children with persistent and very severe CMA.In this study performed in Lyon, France, children who initiated an oma-OIT protocol for a persistent and very severe CMA were included. These patients were considered as severely allergic due to failure in initiation of a classic OIT to CM or an history of severe reaction with very small amounts of CM. Initiation of oma-OIT was decided in a concertation meeting of allergist experts in OIT. Briefly, the oma-OIT protocol was performed as following: (1) subcutaneous omalizumab was administrated at a frequency (every 2 or 4 weeks) and a dose that depended on the patient’s weight and total IgE (same dose used as the one recommended for severe asthma); (2) after 16 weeks of omalizumab use alone, OIT was initiated. The induction phase began with the introduction of diluted amounts of CM (first daily dose: 1 mg of CM proteins), followed by introduction of non-diluted doses and daily increases of CM doses until a predefined threshold. Oral food challenges (OFCs) were performed every month or two months at hospital, under the supervision of a medical team trained for the management of high-risk OFCs, in order to establish the cumulative tolerated dose (CTD) and the new threshold to reach by up-dosing. After each OFC, the new threshold was reached at home in one week, and maintained for several weeks, until the next OFC. Allergy tests were usually performed at each OFC (skin prick-test [SPT], specific IgE [sIgE] to CM and CM components and specific IgG4 [sIgG4] to CM, Phadia 250 Thermofisher, Uppsala, Sweden). Additionally, the patients and their parents reported any allergic reactions which occurred at home in a notebook, if applicable. We retrospectively collected the general characteristics of each patient at the initiation of the protocol. We also collected the initial grade and the most severe grade of allergic reactions to CM, using the Ring and Meissmer classification (9), the results of OFCs, the allergy tests and allergic reactions and the use of epinephrine during OFCs and at home. In addition, we collected responses from a satisfaction survey which was completed by the children and their parents after OFC4.In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the initiation of oma-OIT protocol, the primary outcome was the change in the CTD of ingested fresh CM between OFC1 and OFC4. The secondary outcomes were the changes in allergy tests, the occurrence of allergic reactions during OFCs and at home, and the results of the satisfaction survey. Statistical tests were performed using GraphPad Prism version 8.02 for Windows, GraphPad Software, La Jolla California USA, www.graphpad.com.Eight children (3 boys and 5 girls, median age of 14.5 years [12-16]) with very severe CMA who received an oma-OIT treatment were included in this study (Table 1). The median administrated dose of omalizumab was 487.5 mg [300-600] every 2 or 4 weeks. The median time between OFC1 and OFC4 was 127 days [84-427] for a total number of 1,342 ingested doses at home. After four OFCs (Table I and Figure S1), the CTD of CM was significantly increased (median CTD1 = 0.96 mg [0.64;15.04] and CTD4 = 160 mg [12.8;480], 167-fold change, p = 0.0078 ). The anti-CM sIgE moderately decreased (sIgE1 = 476.0 kU/L [227.0;2048.0] and sIgE4 = 460.0 kU/L [97.2;1482.0], change -3.4%, p = 0.0391 ) and ratio anti-CM sIgG4/sIgE increased (sIgG4/sIgE1 = 8.6 [1.8;16.2] and sIgG4/sIgE4 = 17.5 [3.3;223.1], change +103.5%,p = 0.0313 ). There were no significant changes in SPT wheal and anti-CM component sIgEs. During the 32 OFCs performed in the 8 children under oma-OIT, 8 allergic reactions occurred in 6 children: 4 were grade 1 and 4 grade 2 according to the Ring and Meissner classification. These children were treated with oral antihistamine; none needed an epinephrine administration. Among the 1,342 ingested doses at home, two doses induced allergic reactions in two children: one grade 2 and one grade 3. The severe reaction was treated by epinephrine at home. Of note, a reactogenic cofactor (physical activity) without adaptation of the protocol was found for this severe reaction. Finally, all the children and their parents were globally very satisfied with the oma-OIT protocol, even if they expressed relative anxiety due to the risk of adverse reactions during the OFCs and the dose intake (Table S1). Interestingly, omalizumab injections were not considered as a constraint by most of the children and their parents (Table S1).Thus, in this cohort of children with very severe CMA, the adjunction of omalizumab to OIT was effective and globally well tolerated, during the first months of the protocol. The main limitations of our study are the absence of a control group (placebo or no treatment), the limited size of our cohort, and the duration of follow-up. These are preliminary results and they need to be confirmed. Moreover, our patients were more severe than those included in previous studies, in terms of initial CTD and sIgE (5–8). Thus, this preliminary study encourages continuation of further oma-OIT protocols in cohorts of patients with very severe CMA. | <urn:uuid:01713822-5985-4679-85cd-0d937704d43b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://journal.sketchingscience.org/preprints?page=775 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.967062 | 1,508 | 1.867188 | 2 |
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We support universally recognized human rights and assume long term accountability for ethical standards. We acknowledge that our commitment to financial performance also takes into account the broader economic, environmental and social impacts of our own operations and those of our portfolio companies. We are a signatory of the UN Global Compact and its ten principles and support the ILO conventions, Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises.
We strive to maintain a transparent business climate and high business ethics and we value the safety and respect of everyone affected by our business. Our trustworthiness and long-term success is built on our business principles, described in our Code of Conduct. Investor has a whistleblowing system in place where both employees and external stakeholders can report violations. Read more here.
Investor ensures a good local tax reputation in consistence with tax laws and practices in the markets we operate in. We strive to take a commercial approach rather than a tax driven approach when operating our business. | <urn:uuid:4df1c4b9-09e3-47d7-aa08-125c0b92b0a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.investorab.com/sustainability/business-ethics-governance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.936357 | 636 | 1.5625 | 2 |
In Western Oregon University’s Maaske Hall is a quiet room for prayer and meditation. It is open to anyone on campus seeking a peaceful place to pray or reflect. During most of the week, only a few people use it each day, but the international club occasionally reserves it for meetings, and Muslim students gather there every Friday to pray and listen to a sermon.
The prayer and meditation area – room number 114 in Maaske Hall – might be a bit out-of-the-way, but its location makes it ideal for students, staff, and faculty in search of peace and solitude. It used to be in Abby’s House in the Werner University Center, but it was considered too inaccessible there. In Maaske Hall, it is somewhat remote but simple to find.
The prayer room is not operated by any particular organization, religious or otherwise. It exists independently for the entire campus community. Some groups, however, reserve the prayer room for their own meetings.
Muslim students gather at the prayer room every Friday afternoon to observe the Islamic holy day. Their prayer services are a time to “slow down and get yourself together again,” said Mohammad Naseeb, a student who regularly attends the meetings. They are also “a reminder that God’s up there.” The Imam, or prayer leader, gives a weekly sermon on applying the Islamic faith to everyday life.
During the prayers, worshipers alternately stand, bow, and rest their heads on the floor. Naseeb explained that negative energy is thought to be released into the ground and positive energy absorbed through the forehead. Prayer is a form of stress relief – not only because it is a calming ritual but also because it allows worshippers to draw near to God and ask for help with their challenges, small or large. Naseeb believes it is God’s daily care for people that makes them significant. “We get our important existence from His existence,” he said. Communication with God through prayer is a reminder that He is in control and that He is concerned for their welfare.
Although the Muslim prayer group meets only once a week, some of those who attend go to the prayer room at other times as well. They might be alone there, since it is rarely a highly-populated place, or they might meet someone of an entirely different spiritual persuasion. Some people go to the prayer room to meet God, and others go to reflect on themselves in a peaceful, quiet place. | <urn:uuid:3d79f713-9350-4698-a6dc-620ca7d3ac85> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://today.wou.edu/2015/06/08/the-prayer-and-meditation-room/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.963417 | 513 | 1.8125 | 2 |
EDMONTON, Alberta — The centerpiece of Pope Francis’ trip to Canada this week was his historical apology message Monday to Indigenous people across the country for the role of the Catholic Church in the infamous Indian residential school system that attempted to erase their culture and in which thousands of children were abused and died.
But as Francis continued his travels across the country – from Alberta, where he apologized, to Quebec and Nunavut in the Arctic – his stops also told the story of the unusually stable position of the church in Canada.
Large numbers of immigrants from South Sudan, India, the Philippines, South Korea and elsewhere were in the crowd at Commonwealth Stadium in Edmonton, Alta., on Tuesday, just as they are in Catholic churches across the country, a product of Canada’s generous immigration policy. , which welcomes immigrants and formally promotes multiculturalism.
Although the Roman Catholic Church is in serious decline in many Western countries, it remains the largest predominantly Christian denomination in Canada, representing approximately 38% of people who identify with a particular religion. And outside of Quebec, a French-speaking province it once ruled, the Church’s decline has been modest. In 1951, 41% of Canadians said they were Catholic.
The reason for the Church’s stability, most analysts agree, is Canada’s relatively open immigration policy, which means that immigrants make up a much larger share of the Canadian population than in the United States. and in other Western countries where Catholicism is in decline.
A study by the Canadian census agency released late last year revealed that Catholicism is the largest religion among newcomers to the country. More importantly, the survey also determined that most of these immigrants are active members of the church.
“Immigrants now make up a large proportion of the most faithful attendees of Sunday Mass,” said Gordon Davies, a former priest in the Archdiocese of Toronto for 20 years who taught at the Toronto School of Theology and served as dean of the largest seminary in Canada, Saint Augustine. “The question is whether or not the second generation will continue to be as active in their faith.”
Mr. Davies and others say the support that immigrants have provided to the Catholic Church in much of Canada does not mean that the Church is not vulnerable to the declines that have diminished long-established Protestant churches. date in the country.
“There is generally a kind of disillusionment with churches,” said Dr. Michel Andraos, dean of the Faculty of Theology at Saint Paul University in Ottawa.
Aboriginal Child Abuse in Canada and the United States
But immigrants from Canada have strengthened the church and given it vitality, Davies said, something he witnessed firsthand at his own church in Toronto. Today, he estimates that around 40% of his colleagues are from the Philippines and many more are Sri Lankan Tamils.
“It’s like going to Manila every weekend,” he said. “It’s a cultural experience that’s actually very healthy for me.”
Dr. Andraos is himself a Catholic immigrant to Canada, his family having fled civil war in Lebanon in the 1990s.
For many immigrants, he said, churches are as much a settlement service and cultural community as a spiritual center. And once they settle in Canada, he says, they often drift away from the church.
“My whole family immigrated and all of them are very active devotees for the first 10 years or so,” Dr. Andraos said. “Now no one in my family goes to church.”
Regardless of what the future holds, Dr. Andraos said the arrival of Catholic immigrants has had a profound effect on the Church in the predominantly French-speaking province of Quebec, where Pope Francis arrived on Wednesday.
For much of its history, the Roman Catholic Church dominated not only the spiritual life of the province, but also education and health care, and wielded considerable influence in business and politics. But in what was called the Quiet Revolution, a Liberal government was formed in 1960 and began to take back those powers starting with schools. Secularism has become a guiding principle.
The effects of this continue today and include a recently passed law that prohibits the wearing of religious symbols, including Christian ones, by public sector employees, including teachers. Over the decades churches and ecclesiastical institutions closed and were converted to other uses.
Secularism has replaced Catholicism in Quebec more than in any other province, and Dr. Andraos said the Catholic Church is now almost extinct in rural parts of the province. Yet even in Quebec, there has been a resurgence of large, vibrant congregations in Montreal made up of immigrants, often from Africa.
When he meets parishioners in these churches, he says, he finds that there is sometimes a disconnect between them and the long-established members of the church in Canada.
This is especially true on the issue that brought Francis to Canada: reconciliation with Indigenous peoples for the wrongs they suffered in church-run residential schools. After largely failing to settle a class action lawsuit with former students, the church is now trying to raise 30 million Canadian dollars of its members.
“They have no idea why they should contribute to this,” Dr Andraos said, referring to recent Catholic immigrants. “What did they do?”
But he found that once students’ suffering is exposed, most of them understand the obligation.
Similarly, Davies said he found that members of many immigrant congregations were much more conservative than many Canadian-born church members.
“They have nothing to do with the agitations of the Canadian Catholic Church to accept same-sex marriage and bring women in,” he said. “It’s not part of their sense of Catholicism and they would be strongly against it.”
Immigration has also filled another need of the Church in Canada. Dr. Andraos said few, if any, Canadians are willing to become priests and that situation is unlikely to change unless priests are allowed to marry. None of the 110 theology students at his university currently intends to become a priest.
Thus, most priests in Canada now come from abroad. Father Susai Jesu, who welcomed the pope to his native parish in Edmonton this week, was born in India.
Vibrant immigrant congregations have so far allowed some archdioceses, including that of Toronto, not to close churches, though Davies said closures are needed to shore up financial and office resources, which are limited because many immigrants do not have the wealth to support the great Canadians of the churches.
The only place where the church currently has churches and other large-scale buildings is Newfoundland and Labrador. The archdiocese filed for bankruptcy after a court ruled it had to compensate around 100 people who were sexually abused in an orphanage between the 1940s and 1960s.
The boost brought by immigrants, Mr Davies said, helped prevent the church from disappearing. But that won’t stop it, in the long run, from shrinking into a more durable version of itself.
“It may not be in my lifetime,” he said. “But I could see the beginnings of that restructuring and healthy regrowth in my lifetime.”
As the crowd exited Commonwealth Stadium in Edmonton on Tuesday, a sea of diverse faces appeared. Among the throng of people looking for buses or queuing for trains was Israel Izzo Odongi, who moved to Canada 23 years ago from South Sudan and made the journey from Calgary, Alberta, to see the Pope with other members of a South Sudanese congregation.
Nearby was Jesu Bala, who moved to Edmonton, Alberta from Chennai, India 13 years ago. Mr. Bala, who was with four family members, said they were part of a South Asian congregation.
Even when the pope visited Lac Ste. Anne, Alberta, a place of pilgrimage founded in the 19th century for native Catholics that is about an hour north of Edmonton, a large number of immigrants were there.
Reina Donaire, 36, of Edmonton, stood by the lake, just yards from where Francis would bless the water minutes later, with four other friends from the Philippines.
“Most people who go to church are Filipino,” she said, adding that she and other immigrants, including from Africa, have provided a lift for the Canadian church. “We are strong Catholics and maybe in this way we help them.”
Jason Horowitz contributed reporting for Lac Ste. Anne, Alta. | <urn:uuid:f761bfab-f5c5-48d3-8f42-3c2e4e0b3762> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://maukaz.in/why-catholicism-remains-strong-in-canada/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.980667 | 1,762 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Parkinson’s Disease Therapeutics Market Overview
Parkinson’s disease is a central nervous system disorder affecting motor neuron activities, characterized by tremor, rigidity, dementia, depression etc. According to GDB 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators report, in 2013, 53 Mn people were living with Parkinson’s disease while the disease caused 103,000 deaths globally.
Risk of Parkinson’s disease increases with age and the disease mainly affects person over 50 years of age. Treatment for the Parkinson’s disease in mainly symptomatic and no curative treatment options are available. The main aim of the Parkinson’s disease treatment is to provide control on signs and symptoms such as shakiness in hands, difficulty with walking, slowness of movement etc.
Therapeutic approach for each person varies according to his or her symptoms. Treatment options include medication or surgical treatment. Levodopa in combination with carbidopa is considered as a gold standard for symptomatic treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Surgical treatment options include deep brain stimulation and Carbidopa/levodopa enteral suspension therapy.
However, surgical therapy is effective only for patients who have previously responded to Levodopa therapy. Some of the commercially available drugs for treatment of Parkinson’s disease are Cycloset, Parlodel (Bromocriptine Mesylate), Requip (ropinirole), Rytary, Azilect, Northera, Stalevo, Comtess/Comtan and others. Over the past decade, great progress has been made in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease such as identification of new therapeutic targets through genetic research, understanding the common mutations that contribute to Parkinson’s disease etc.
Parkinson’s disease Therapeutics Market: Drivers and Restraints
Recent advances in Parkinson’s disease therapeutics such as combination therapies to prolong the action of continuous dopaminergic stimulation drugs, approval for Neurostimulation devices neuroprotective therapies to slow down prognosis of a disease, gene therapy, neural transplantation etc. are expected to bring massive growth in global Parkinson’s disease therapeutics market over the forecast period. Moreover, increasing aging population, prevalence of Parkinsonism across the world are the factors fueling demand for Parkinson’s disease therapeutics.
But generic erosion due to expiry of patents for several drugs such as Rytary, Stalevo (2012), Azilect (2017), Comtan (exclusivity expired in 2013) etc. would deter the growth of global Parkinson’s disease therapeutics market.
Parkinson’s disease Therapeutics Market: Overview
Global Parkinson’s disease therapeutics market is expected to witness healthy CAGR over the forecast period as few new therapies are expected to hit the market during the forecast period such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation device, adipose derived stem cell therapy, non-invasive Neurostimulation device etc.
Increasing burden of Parkinson’s disease management on healthcare systems of major countries such as the U.S. and U.K. would stimulate the exhaustive efforts by the government to increase the pace of R&D in Parkinson’s disease therapeutics. For instance, in the U.S. over 40 medicines are being developed for the treatment and diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease many of which have gained fast track designation from the U.S. FDA.
Parkinson’s disease Therapeutics Market: Regional Overview
Region wise, the global Parkinson’s disease therapeutics market is classified into seven regions namely, North America, Latin America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Asia-Pacific, Japan, Middle East and Africa. North America has conventionally dominated the global market for Parkinson’s disease therapeutics due to good reimbursement policies and high prevalence of the disease. According to Parkinson’s disease Foundation (PDF) approximately 60,000 Americans are diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease annually. Europe is expected to hold second highest share in the global market owing to increasing R&D efforts by the key players in the region.
Parkinson’s disease Therapeutics Market: Key Players
Some of the key players in global Parkinson’s disease therapeutics market include GlaxoSmithKline Plc., Salix Pharmaceuticals, mpax Laboratories, Inc., Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Novartis AG, Orion Corporation, Mylan N.V. while generic players include Par Pharmaceutical, Cipla Inc., Daiichi Sankyo, Apotex Inc., Wockhardt Limited and others.
The report covers exhaustive analysis on
- Market Segments
- Market Dynamics
- Market Size
- Supply & Demand
- Current Trends/Issues/Challenges
- Competition & Companies involved
- Value Chain
Regional analysis includes
- North America (U.S., Canada)
- Latin America (Mexico, Brazil)
- Western Europe (Germany, Italy, U.K, Spain, France, Nordic countries, BENELUX)
- Eastern Europe (Russia, Poland, Rest Of Eastern Europe)
- Asia Pacific Excluding Japan (China, India, ASEAN, Australia & New Zealand)
- Middle East and Africa (GCC, S. Africa, N. Africa, Rest Of MEA)
The report is a compilation of first-hand information, qualitative and quantitative assessment by industry analysts, inputs from industry experts and industry participants across the value chain.
The report provides in-depth analysis of parent market trends, macro-economic indicators and governing factors along with market attractiveness as per segments. The report also maps the qualitative impact of various market factors on market segments and geographies.
Parkinson’s disease Therapeutics Market: Segmentation
The global Parkinson’s disease therapeutics market is classified on the basis of treatment type, end user and geography.
Based on treatment type, the global Parkinson’s disease therapeutics market is segmented into the following:
- Dopamine Precursors
- Peripheral Decarboxylase Inhibitors
- COMT Inhibitors
- MAO Inhibitors
- Others (anticholinergics, antihistaminics etc.)
- Medical Devices
- Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Devices
- Carbidopa/Levodopa Enteral Suspension (Duopa) delivery devices
Based on end user, the global Parkinson’s disease therapeutics market is segmented into the following:
- Homecare Settings | <urn:uuid:f274292c-1f8c-465e-acd9-67f3d3fb1381> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/parkinsons-disease-therapeutics-market | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.902161 | 1,377 | 2.09375 | 2 |
This is the continuation of a study on the word “day” in the Pentateuch. For introductory remarks please refer to the initial post on Genesis.
I have divided these up into three categories: All the uses of day with a number, all the uses of day which in context mean a typical day, and any uses of day which could mean a long period of time.
Uses of Day with the Number (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.)(Lev 7:17) But what remains of the flesh of the sacrifice on the third day shall be burned up with fire.
(Lev 7:18) If any of the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offering is eaten on the third day, he who offers it shall not be accepted, neither shall it be credited to him. It is tainted, and he who eats of it shall bear his iniquity.
(Lev 8:35) At the entrance of the tent of meeting you shall remain day and night for seven days, performing what the LORD has charged, so that you do not die, for so I have been commanded.”
(Lev 9:1) On the eighth day Moses called Aaron and his sons and the elders of Israel,
(Lev 12:3) And on the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised.
(Lev 13:5) And the priest shall examine him on the seventh day, and if in his eyes the disease is checked and the disease has not spread in the skin, then the priest shall shut him up for another seven days.
(Lev 13:6) And the priest shall examine him again on the seventh day, and if the diseased area has faded and the disease has not spread in the skin, then the priest shall pronounce him clean; it is only an eruption. And he shall wash his clothes and be clean.
(Lev 13:27) and the priest shall examine him the seventh day. If it is spreading in the skin, then the priest shall pronounce him unclean; it is a case of leprous disease.
(Lev 13:32) and on the seventh day the priest shall examine the disease. If the itch has not spread, and there is in it no yellow hair, and the itch appears to be no deeper than the skin,
(Lev 13:34) And on the seventh day the priest shall examine the itch, and if the itch has not spread in the skin and it appears to be no deeper than the skin, then the priest shall pronounce him clean. And he shall wash his clothes and be clean.
(Lev 13:51) Then he shall examine the disease on the seventh day. If the disease has spread in the garment, in the warp or the woof, or in the skin, whatever be the use of the skin, the disease is a persistent leprous disease; it is unclean.
(Lev 14:9) And on the seventh day he shall shave off all his hair from his head, his beard, and his eyebrows. He shall shave off all his hair, and then he shall wash his clothes and bathe his body in water, and he shall be clean.
(Lev 14:10) “And on the eighth day he shall take two male lambs without blemish, and one ewe lamb a year old without blemish, and a grain offering of three tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil, and one log of oil.
(Lev 14:23) And on the eighth day he shall bring them for his cleansing to the priest, to the entrance of the tent of meeting, before the LORD.
(Lev 14:39) And the priest shall come again on the seventh day, and look. If the disease has spread in the walls of the house,
(Lev 15:14) And on the eighth day he shall take two turtledoves or two pigeons and come before the LORD to the entrance of the tent of meeting and give them to the priest.
(Lev 15:29) And on the eighth day she shall take two turtledoves or two pigeons and bring them to the priest, to the entrance of the tent of meeting.
(Lev 16:29) “And it shall be a statute to you forever that in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you shall afflict yourselves and shall do no work, either the native or the stranger who sojourns among you.
(Lev 19:7) If it is eaten at all on the third day, it is tainted; it will not be accepted,
(Lev 22:27) “When an ox or sheep or goat is born, it shall remain seven days with its mother, and from the eighth day on it shall be acceptable as a food offering to the LORD.
(Lev 22:28) But you shall not kill an ox or a sheep and her young in one day.
(Lev 23:3) “Six days shall work be done, but on the seventh day is a Sabbath of solemn rest, a holy convocation. You shall do no work. It is a Sabbath to the LORD in all your dwelling places.
(Lev 23:5) In the first month, on the fourteenth dayof the month at twilight, is the LORD’s Passover.
(Lev 23:6) And on the fifteenth day of the same month is the Feast of Unleavened Bread to the LORD; for seven days you shall eat unleavened bread.
(Lev 23:7) On the first day you shall have a holy convocation; you shall not do any ordinary work.
(Lev 23:8) But you shall present a food offering to the LORD for seven days. On the seventh day is a holy convocation; you shall not do any ordinary work.”
(Lev 23:16) You shall count fifty days to the day after the seventh Sabbath. Then you shall present a grain offering of new grain to the LORD.
(Lev 23:24) “Speak to the people of Israel, saying, In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall observe a day of solemn rest, a memorial proclaimed with blast of trumpets, a holy convocation.
(Lev 23:27) “Now on the tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement. It shall be for you a time of holy convocation, and you shall afflict yourselves and present a food offering to the LORD.
(Lev 23:32) It shall be to you a Sabbath of solemn rest, and you shall afflict yourselves. On the ninth day of the month beginning at evening, from evening to evening shall you keep your Sabbath.”
(Lev 23:34) “Speak to the people of Israel, saying, On the fifteenth day of this seventh month and for seven days is the Feast of Booths to the LORD.
(Lev 23:35) On the first day shall be a holy convocation; you shall not do any ordinary work.
(Lev 23:36) For seven days you shall present food offerings to the LORD. On the eighth dayyou shall hold a holy convocation and present a food offering to the LORD. It is a solemn assembly; you shall not do any ordinary work.
(Lev 23:39) “On the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you have gathered in the produce of the land, you shall celebrate the feast of the LORD seven days. On the first day shall be a solemn rest, and on the eighth day shall be a solemn rest.
(Lev 23:40) And you shall take on the first day the fruit of splendid trees, branches of palm trees and boughs of leafy trees and willows of the brook, and you shall rejoice before the LORD your God seven days.
(Lev 25:9) Then you shall sound the loud trumpet on the tenth day of the seventh month. On the Day of Atonement you shall sound the trumpet throughout all your land.
Uses of Day Which Are in Context, Typical 24 Hour Days
(Lev 6:5) or anything about which he has sworn falsely, he shall restore it in full and shall add a fifth to it, and give it to him to whom it belongs on the day he realizes his guilt.
(Lev 6:20) “This is the offering that Aaron and his sons shall offer to the LORD on the day when he is anointed: a tenth of an ephah of fine flour as a regular grain offering, half of it in the morning and half in the evening.
(Lev 7:15) And the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings for thanksgiving shall be eaten on the day of his offering. He shall not leave any of it until the morning.
(Lev 7:16) But if the sacrifice of his offering is a vow offering or a freewill offering, it shall be eaten on the day that he offers his sacrifice, and on the next day what remains of it shall be eaten.
(Lev 7:35) This is the portion of Aaron and of his sons from the LORD’s food offerings, from the day they were presented to serve as priests of the LORD.
(Lev 7:36) The LORD commanded this to be given them by the people of Israel, from the day that he anointed them. It is a perpetual due throughout their generations.”
(Lev 7:38) which the LORD commanded Moses on Mount Sinai, on the day that he commanded the people of Israel to bring their offerings to the LORD, in the wilderness of Sinai.
(Lev 14:2) “This shall be the law of the leprous person for the day of his cleansing. He shall be brought to the priest,
(Lev 16:30) For on this day shall atonement be made for you to cleanse you. You shall be clean before the LORD from all your sins.
(Lev 19:6) It shall be eaten the same day you offer it or on the day after, and anything left over until the third day shall be burned up with fire.
(Lev 22:30) It shall be eaten on the same day; you shall leave none of it until morning: I am the LORD.
(Lev 23:11) and he shall wave the sheaf before the LORD, so that you may be accepted. On the day after the Sabbath the priest shall wave it.
(Lev 23:12) And on the day when you wave the sheaf, you shall offer a male lamb a year old without blemish as a burnt offering to the LORD.
(Lev 23:14) And you shall eat neither bread nor grain parched or fresh until this same day, until you have brought the offering of your God: it is a statute forever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
(Lev 23:15) “You shall count seven full weeks from the day after the Sabbath, from the day that you brought the sheaf of the wave offering.
(Lev 23:21) And you shall make a proclamation on the same day. You shall hold a holy convocation. You shall not do any ordinary work. It is a statute forever in all your dwelling places throughout your generations.
(Lev 23:28) And you shall not do any work on that very day, for it is a Day of Atonement, to make atonement for you before the LORD your God.
(Lev 23:29) For whoever is not afflicted on that very dayshall be cut off from his people.
(Lev 23:30) And whoever does any work on that very day, that person I will destroy from among his people.
(Lev 23:37) “These are the appointed feasts of the LORD, which you shall proclaim as times of holy convocation, for presenting to the LORD food offerings, burnt offerings and grain offerings, sacrifices and drink offerings, each on its proper day,
(Lev 24:8) Every Sabbath day Aaron shall arrange it before the LORD regularly; it is from the people of Israel as a covenant forever.
(Lev 27:23) then the priest shall calculate the amount of the valuation for it up to the year of jubilee, and the man shall give the valuation on that day as a holy gift to the LORD.
Places Where Day Can Mean a Long Period of Time
There are no texts in Leviticus where “day” means anything other than a typical 24 hour day.
The research shows the following:
Every time the word day is used in Leviticus with a number it means a 24 hour day.
When it is not used with the number it still points to a specific day in the past, present, or future.
Nowhere in Leviticus is the word day ever used to mean a long period of time. | <urn:uuid:a65ecc73-ca71-4121-ae20-9002fe51e168> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://singingandslaying.com/category/leviticus/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.938837 | 2,704 | 2.59375 | 3 |
[00:00:25] How, via setting up a Node C++ feature. How, via a built in label http.createserver. Let's start to see what it does in action. Here we go. So, I'm gonna start actually here, with the right-hand side for once. Http.createserver parentheses. Okay, folk, point to me on the board, everybody point to me, on the board, where is that gonna have a consequence?
[00:01:29] Yeah, it's not that interesting, where it's really interesting is what it's gonna do in the computer's internals, with the help of libuv. Libuv is a bunch of pre written C++ code, technically built separately from Node, but its most prominent use is in Node, actually using lots of different libraries, but bunch of C++ code written to ensure that we can run Node, and we'll learn about how to run a little bit later on, on any machine, any operating system.
[00:01:56] Linux, Mac, Windows. Libuv links up effectively between C++ code written in Node with any computer internal structure, whether it's a Mac, Linux or Windows. Okay, so it's going to, with the help of Libuv, set up in the computer internals and open socket, an opened channel to the internet.
[00:02:24] Ready to receive HTTP messages and that`s it. That one line has opened. Our computer now Twitter's computer is now ready to receive messages. In one line, in one label. It opened that channel, in and out messages now, it is good to go. One issue, one issue. I actually, you know what I wanna do?
[00:02:51] There are actually 64,000, this is slightly metaphorical, there are actually 64,000 entry points to my computer. Now it's not literally what it actually is, is I can use 64,000 different numbers from 1 to 64,000 to represent, to indicate, or to mark off, an entry point into my computer.
[00:03:13] Not actually to carve out a little hole within the computer but I can give 64,000 different numbers to represent an entry point to chanel in my computer. Well, that's a bit of an issue, because when a say Rose sends out the message saying, hey, needing new Tweets, need Tweets, need the HTML, CSS, Tweets, images, etc.
[00:03:35] Which entry point is she gonna come in at? Anyone know what the default, they call them, not entry points, they call them ports. Anyone know what the default entry port is for any HTTP message being sent from a browser to a computer that receives messages known as a server.
[00:03:52] Anyone know the default entry point is? Yeah Mark.
>> Mark: 80.
>> Will Sentance: 80? It's 80. The entry point, it will default to be trying to arrive at, it's gonna try and arrive at Port 80. Well down, we already set up the background Node C++ feature. This instance of the HTTP feature of Node that set up this socket, how the hell do we continue to edit it and tell it actually you know what, specify the port to be 80.
>> Speaker 3: Server.
>> Will Sentance: Server, exactly, it immediately returns out into it, an object full of functions, methods, they call them when they're an object, methods, including ones like listen. All of which, when run, will allow us to edit the instance of the HTTP featuring Node that we've set up.
[00:05:14] Give us edit ability over it. And that's exactly what we're gonna have to use, because we need to tell Node, to tell the socket to set up to listen at, what point Michael? But what port sorry?
>> Michael: 80
>> Will Sentance: At 80. And we can do that because we can go and grab that listen function, that's we're gonna do on the next line, grab that listen function pass it 80.
[00:06:39] Super sophisticated. We do it in two lines. Okay, in comes the inbound message. Inbound, you know, incoming message from Sarah Rose. In comes, hey its unforgettable. All right there incomes a message, weee, will libuv, it lands in Node. But here's the problem folk, this message,
>> Will Sentance: We wanna look at it.
[00:07:06] See what it's asking for and send back the right tweets. Inbound by request, run code to look at it, you're gonna run code to look at introspect it, see what says. Something like this I guess. You wanna run some code like you know, if incoming message, then is pseudo code, then send back tweet data.
[00:08:32] So, whatever message comes in, it's running. His next line's gonna run. That means we can do one thing in our app. It's not a very good model. To be able to only receive one message and had to run the same line just in case the message comes in any moment.
>> Speaker 5: [LAUGH]
>> Will Sentance: So we don't do that. But that leaves us in a bit of a conundrum. Sam, who does know? We don't know. But who does know when an inbound message comes in?
>> Sam: Node knows.
>> Will Sentance: Node knows. That's great. Node knows. And so, perhaps, we're going to rely on Node to automatically run this line of code for us.
[00:09:17] Beyond that control. But how could we bundle up the code in order that it could be triggered to auto run by Node. How do we bundle up Mohammed?
>> Mohammed: Function.
>> Will Sentance: In a function. And that's what we're gonna do. People, again and again, we're gonna bundle up code in a function that we want to have auto run by Node to do stuff like look at incoming message, send tweet data back, when Node here is with the help of libuv that an inbound messages arrived.
[00:09:43] How people, but what about what moment with my favorite emoji. The woozy emoji. I, you know that emojis having a lot of a lot of fun. It's very, it's, if any one says this emoji, you know they're having a level of fun. | <urn:uuid:f4dacd0c-e980-41f4-8e80-a858f017ecef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://frontendmasters.com/courses/servers-node-js/calling-node-with-javascript/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.936286 | 2,122 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Excel templates are pre-designed spreadsheets that are used for a variety of purposes. The spreadsheets can be used to prepare more spreadsheets of the same type with same formatting and same predefined formulas.
The advantage of using predefined formulas is that you don’t need to know how to do maths or use different formulas in a different type of calculations.
What is the purpose of using Excel templates?
The basic objective of using these templates is to save time. Those people, who are not aware of the technicalities of preparing a spreadsheet, can use these templates.
These templates have become a solution to many problems in our lives. You can have any type of spreadsheet of your choice in MS Excel file format.
How to use the Excel templates?
Excel templates are very easy to use. All you have to do is download a template on your device and then open it into MS Excel file.
It will also allow you to customize the template whenever you will need. You can enter the information in the template very easily in the fields given in the template.
If you find any field of the template not suitable for you, you can remove those fields. Moreover, you can also add the field of your choice in the template. You can easily save and print template in your computer once you have modified it.
The templates that are usually available in Excel file are calendars, timesheets, financial statements, checklists, fitness charts, loan and mortgage calculators and a lot more.
Benefits of Excel templates:
The excel templates are useful for users in a number of ways. Some of them are:
- These templates enhance the productivity of the person as they perform lots of things with accuracy
- The formulas that are incorporated into these templates are correct. For example, the loan calculator template will give you 100% accuracy in calculation results.
- The templates are best for those who want to save their time because everything in these templates is predefined.
- The templates can be modified so that the user can customize them. | <urn:uuid:95c2a643-ec60-4444-88f9-d97d9ee9adfb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://msexceltemplates.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.899543 | 426 | 2.234375 | 2 |
In New York, the public has the right to attend meetings of public bodies, listen to debate and watch the decision-making process. On November 8, 2021, Governor Kathy Hochul signed a new law (S.4704-a/A.1108-a) that mandates public bodies to post meeting minutes on its website within two weeks from an open meeting and one week from an executive session. The law is effective immediately.
The new law is significant because the Open Meetings Law does not currently mandate that meeting minutes be posted online. Under current law, meeting minutes are required to be available within 14 days of the meeting at the office of the local government or school board or within seven days of an executive session where a formal vote is taken if a person requests a copy.
What are “Public Bodies”?
The term “public body” is defined to include entities consisting of “two or more people who conduct public business and perform a governmental function for New York State, for an agency of the state or for public corporations, such as cities, counties, towns, villages and school districts including committees and subcommittees of these entities. Consequently, city councils, town boards, village boards of trustees, school boards, commissions, legislative bodies, and committees and subcommittees consisting of members of those groups fall within the coverage of the Law.”
Are There Exemptions?
Notably, the requirement to post meeting minutes will only be applicable if the public body maintains a regularly and routinely updated website and utilizes a high-speed internet connection, as such, it can be interpreted that if a public body does not maintain a website or does not have a high-speed internet connection they would not be required to comply.
In addition, the law also permits a government body to post a video or audio recording of the meeting instead of the meeting minutes.
Next Steps for Employers
Covered bodies should maintain a written record of meeting attendance, motions made, and votes taken and ensure that they are regularly and routinely updating their website to post meeting minutes, or audio or video recordings, or written transcripts.
Covered bodies should also seek guidance from their legal counsel on how to comply. | <urn:uuid:d3f78b34-acab-430e-b417-de294c283ba4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hrworks-inc.com/industry-update/new-york-requires-public-bodies-to-post-meeting-minute-online/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.954505 | 454 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Farmers' Almanac predicts 'muggy and wet' summer
The Farmer's Almanac isn't predicting a pretty summer.
"Much of our summer forecast predicts lots of rain, thunderstorms, and wetness during July and August in the Northeast and New England areas," editor Peter Geiger said in a statement.
“The increased clouds and showers will likely keep temperatures below the dozen or so 90 degree days that might otherwise occur," he said. "However, you should count on days with temps well up into the ’80s. Add to that the above-normal precipitation, and you’ve got oppressively humid and uncomfortable conditions."
The hottest periods of the summer in the northeast are expected to be in late July and early-to-mid August, according to the Farmer's Almanac.
Here's a breakdown of what the rest of May looks looks like, according to the Almanac:
- May 1-7 Rainy periods, cool
- May 8-10 Sunny, warm
- May 11-14 Showers, cool
- May 15-24 Rainy periods, cool
- May 25-31 Sunny, warm
September and October will be slightly cooler and drier than normal, according to the Farmer's Almanac. | <urn:uuid:16f19d36-6e91-4f11-bda8-405013ce3158> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lohud.com/story/weather/2019/04/25/farmers-almanac-predicts-muggy-and-wet-summer/3579605002/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.955297 | 271 | 2.453125 | 2 |
June 24, 2008
Vinod K. Dar
Managing Director, Dar & Company
The world can have carbon control or it can have food and energy security. The former means reduced energy supply while the latter requires greatly expanded energy supply, which in turn, for at least the next 3 or 4 decades, means substantially greater carbon expansion. A few rich nations, accustomed to energy and food security for about 50 years now, want carbon control to prevail. The rest of the world seeks food and energy security since billions of people today have little of either.
The emergent great divide in the world today, that threatens to widen even further all the other fractures and fissures and chasms that contribute to global disunity and conflict, is the one between the advocates of carbon control at all costs versus those pursuing energy and food security, irrespective of consequences. Quite explicitly, this great divide will roil global discussions, conferences, debates and most assuredly the global blogosphere (not known for its civility or even good grammar anyway) about free trade, international capital flows, resource capitalism or nationalism, international climate management, water management, technology cooperation, space and ocean laws and commercial development, intellectual property protection, military alliances, immigration, terrorism, role of international treaty and aid organizations and purpose of the UN.
Further, complicating the world for energy and utility executives and professional service providers is that the divide is not only amongst nations but also within nations. Certainly there are thousands of elite professionals and government officials in poor nations (e.g., India, China, Brazil and South Africa) who believe carbon control is of vital importance. There are also millions of voters in the U.S. South, Southwest and Mountain states, as well as in Western Canada, parts of the U.K., Australia and New Zealand and parts of Eastern Europe also believe energy and food security is much more important than carbon control; indeed, who view carbon control as an attempt by media, political and Wall Street elites to further consolidate power and concentrate wealth: a thinly disguised cover for collectivism and intolerance.
There are also dissident voices in both rich and poor nations who say that in a world that is cooling, not warming, carbon control is not only irrelevant but a criminal assault on the most vulnerable and poorest people on earth. In its most graphic terms, carbon control in a cooling world, shout these voices, is tantamount to the wholesale starvation of black and brown babies by the corrupt and callous elites of the West. As they say, feed cars, not babies.
People on both sides of the divide are genuinely fearful that if they do not prevail in what is presented as an existential war, terrible consequences will accrue. Fear leads to ugly propaganda and sophomoric lies which only widen the divide. For the next few years, civil conversation and compromise are unlikely. After that, there are so many scenarios that energy and utility executives might be forgiven for yielding to great frustration and even despair.
Dealing with simultaneous globalization of issues, technology and money flows and fragmentation of beliefs, political identities and public responses is a very difficult challenge for executives. Only the truly optimistic, empathetic, flexible and patient executives and organizations can really thrive in such circumstances. Obviously, the upside from successfully navigating the globalizing/fragmenting world is greater than ever before (trillions of dollars, billions of consumers) but the downside risks are proliferating.
Moreover, the management overhead needed for navigating in a world driven by this new great divide is about to rise dramatically, to the woe of CEOs, the astonishment of Boards and the annoyance of shareholders. It is not just the cost of increasing organizational response capability that will rise sharply but also the costs of conducting transactions, managing global supply chains and defending corporate reputations and brand equity, especially this last item.
One identifiable consequence of the divide will be increased political volatility globally. Where elections are held, the volatility will be obvious sooner and political lifecycles of elected leaders, parties and legislative and regulatory schemes will compress. This, in turn, means that business decision cycles will compress or be disrupted.
It seems that everywhere or almost everywhere citizens are discontented or just ill humored. They are out of sorts and anxious. In rich countries, citizens are angry because they feel a way of life based on cheap energy and food and a dominant influence on the affairs of the world are threatened. In poor countries citizens are angry because a way of life and expected influence on world affairs are being denied. One group fears losing what it has; the other fears not gaining what it does not have. The sum of the fears argues for greater political volatility, either by ballot or by bullet.
Politicians in rich countries who promise carbon control will be thrown out when voters discover that carbon control implementation leads to tangible financial and lifestyle sacrifices, more erosion of personal liberty and decreasing reliability of energy supply. Voters will not like it. Carbon control means less freedom and prosperity based on any reasonable analysis of proposed legislative and regulatory arrangements, according to the President of the Czech Republic. Voters want costless or low cost carbon control. They cannot get it. Politicians in rich countries who fight carbon control will also get thrown out for being ideologically disconnected. Voters refuse to be held accountable for the implementation consequences of the very policies they vote for.
Politicians in poor countries who promise food and energy security too will be thrown out once urban voters discover that implementation means diversion of scarce national resources from popular social subsidies and literacy and public health programs to energy projects and rural investments in agriculture, water management and logistics. Of course, very poor rural voters will resent being displaced from their land and alienated from their traditions by these very projects.
Voters will be forced to choose between competing priorities and accept that food and energy security means more not less global economic integration, more not less reliance on global corporations. They won’t like it. In nations where no functioning democracy exists, tyrannical regimes that fail to deliver on food and energy security will be violently replaced by other tyrannical regimes or perhaps, in some happy instances, by elected or quasi-elected governments.
Substantial increases in food production in poor countries mean much greater use of fertilizer, of seeds that are bioengineered for pest and disease resistance (i.e., expensive, high tech seeds), irrigation and flood control systems, refrigerated transportation, better roads and rail tracks and navigable waterways and energy transmission systems and more warehouses: it means a great increase in the use of gasoline, diesel and electricity. Increased food output means increased carbon input. It means doing all the things big city elites in rich countries oppose as they are chauffeured in stretch limousines to a 5 star culinary establishment where the price of one splendid dining experience is greater than the annual per capita income of most people in poor countries.
An additional consequence of increased political volatility is that politicians, even those elected with great enthusiasm, will see their approval measures crash within months, if not weeks, of obtaining a mandate. Commodity markets are beginning to drive capital and political markets.
Political volatility can easily lead to volatility in the Boardroom and the CEO suite. When politicians abandon an issue they often turn on their corporate supporters who championed the issue. Sacrificing loyal corporate CEOs for political expediency is not infrequent. When political leaders are replaced or political parties are rotated out of power, vengeful voters or political victors find it both useful and satisfying to attack corporations and corporate management that sided with the, temporarily, out of favor person or party. This makes Boards very nervous. CEOs who choose to be particularly visible or vocal on the carbon control or energy and security issues may find themselves and their companies financially decapitated and reputations ruined. Consequently, one can expect to see greater CEO turnover in the next 5 to 10 years.
Another identifiable consequence is that all over the world in milieus where this is some rule of law, lawsuits on the issues of carbon control and food and energy security will be filed. They will be pursued by people who have been demonstrably harmed by carbon control predictions or actions and by food and energy insecurity. They are likely to be filed not only against operating companies but also financial houses, international organizations, advocacy groups and government agencies, as well as celebrities and very large professional service providers. Energy and utility executives should brace themselves for this and a lot more time squandered in depositions, testimonies, hearings and investigations.
The volatility engendered by the divide means that issues, ideas and proposals on carbon control and food and energy security will move from the periphery to center and from the center to the margins with greater velocity than before. Of course, the mainstream press will miss these movements until they are well along. Politicians and executives are likely to be quite surprised by what they will term as the fickleness and indecision of consumers and voters. They will find once highly favored and well nigh inevitable outcomes become unpopular while notions once deemed to be politically fatal or merely ridiculous gain momentum and sudden favor with the people. This volatility will mean, naturally, public policy that reverses course or sets off on a new course with a swiftness disconcerting to energy and utility executives, financiers, professional service providers, lobbyists and advocacy groups.
Strategic planning with any degree of detail will be impossible; the focus will shift to scenario and contingency planning with a premium on rapid response and generating strategic options rather than leisurely plans. Executives will be forced to do more leading, less managing, more improvising and less emulating. This, of course, is only possible if there is great clarity about the true mission and purpose of the corporation, highly disciplined focus on the competitive advantages of the company and superior business, political and technological intelligence, as well as the organizational capacity to quickly synthesize many streams of information, live with contradictions and act within narrow windows of opportunity. Business leadership will resemble successful political and military campaigns.
Great divides are not new. There have been many in history. At the beginning of the divide no one can predict how it will end. We do know, and energy and utility executives should not forget, that great divides lead to great transformations.
Will a poor African or Asian or Latin American kill to save his family from starvation, disease and exposure if he believes that willful carbon control is the proximate cause of his misery? Will a Western European or Californian or New Yorker or Japanese kill to save his family from the ideological trauma and emotional distress of living in a world of carbon expansion, while he and they profit from carbon trading?
We cannot say anything with certainty about the poor man, who is unknown to us. We can say with certainty say that the prosperous man, who is known to us, will not kill. It is a matter of the poor man’s will versus the prosperous man’s velleity. The former impels action; the latter is but a wish. We may, however, find out in the next 10 years.
How many energy and utility executives are willing to speculate on the velleity of 600 million people versus the will of 6 billion? We may yet see on some college campus in some university town somewhere in the world bumper stickers and T-shirts that say “Make Carbon, Not War” as global carbon, energy and food markets change into something new and something strange.
Vinod K. Dar is an energy industry professional and has published articles for electric and gas industry journals and trade press for more than 25 years. He is the Managing Director of DAR & COMPANY, founded in 1990. He has operating experience in gas and electric trading, marketing, retailing and merchant generation, and has been CEO of two energy trading and marketing companies. Mr Dar has served on the Boards of five publicly traded energy and consulting firms. | <urn:uuid:10349e46-f7f4-463e-b32b-bca428f66014> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rightsidenews.com/life-and-science/energy-and-environment/carbon-control-versus-energy-and-food-security/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.953568 | 2,423 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Definition of amorphous:
chaotic (part of speech: adjective)
- out of control,
- shapeless (part of speech: adjective)
- obscure (part of speech: adjective)
- "Dan Merrithew", Lawrence Perry.
Let it not be supposed, however, from the above remarks, about the multiform and self- contradictory character of the amorphous thing called Hinduism, that it is therefore impossible for us to understand and measure its nature and power.- "India‚??s Problem Krishna or Christ", John P. Jones.
The tanned complexion; that amorphous craglike face; the dull black eyes under the precipice of brows, like dull anthracite furnaces needing only to be blown; the mastiff mouth, accurately closed; I have not traced so much of silent Berserkir rage that I remember of in any other man.- "Select Speeches of Daniel Webster", Daniel Webster. | <urn:uuid:6cc69187-5913-48b8-8946-2bfef674b426> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dictionarylink.com/amorphous | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.790979 | 434 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Table of Contents
A computer system or tool is a collection of hardware and software components designed to provide an effective tool for computer system and are used in everywhere to assist us in the various task we perform.
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTERS AS TOOL FOR DATA PROCESSING
- SPEED: A computer is a very fast device, it can carry out instructions at a very high speed obediently uncritically and without exhibiting any emotions. Some calculation that would have taken hours and days to complete otherwise, can be completed in few seconds usually the computer is calculated in MHz, that is one million instructions per second.
- ACCURACY: Accuracy of a computer is consistently high and the degree of accuracy of a particular computer depends on the instructions and type of processor. Computer has high accuracy in performing tasks.
- VERSATILITY: Versatility is one of the most wonderful things about computer. Multi-processing features of computer makes it quite versatile in nature. A computer has the ability to do several things at the same time. It can perform different types of tasks with ease.
- RELIABILITY: Computers are reliable any time, any day. Computers never make mistakes of their own.
- POWER OF REMEMBERING: A computer can store and recall any amount of information because of its storage capabilities. The computer have the power to remember and retrieve information even after 10 years or more.
- NO IQ: It passes no intelligence of its own. Its IQ is zero at least till today. It can only perform what is programmed to do. It is only the user that can determine what tasks a computer will perform.
- DILIGENCE: The computer is a machine, does not suffer from the human traits of tiredness nor does it loses concentration even after working continuously for a long time. This characteristics is especially useful for those jobs where same tasks is done again and again. It can perform long and complex calculations with same and accuracy from the start till the end.
- STORAGE: The computers have a lot of storage devices which can store a large amount of data. Data storage is essential function of the computer. Secondary storage devices like floppy disk can store a large amount of data permanently.
List five (5) characteristics of computers as tool for data processing
Students also read these | <urn:uuid:339cf18c-db53-4a3a-bb64-c81b65dc35ce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://schoolportalng.com/characteristics-of-computers-as-tool-for-data-processing/?noamp=mobile | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.95188 | 477 | 3.859375 | 4 |
Eltham was a medieval royal palace, moated, fortified and not unlike a castle with gardens. Parts were demolished and parts decayed so that little was left when the Courtaulds converted the ruins into a luxurious Art Deco mansion. The 20th century garden is 19 acres in extent and broadly Arts and Crafts. There is a rockery, sunken rose garden and medieval bridge. The moat gives the palace a quiet seclusion.
Court Yard, Eltham, London, Greater London, England, SE9 5QE
See Eltham Palace website for details:- | <urn:uuid:71b203e3-eca0-4494-99a0-7abc3de472a9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gardenvisit.com/gardens/eltham_palace_gardens | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.926648 | 121 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Loki is the birth son of the Frost Giant Laufey, the former King of the Jotunnheim. Odin declared war and killed Laufey. When Odin saw Loki as a baby, he adopted him - This began a prophecy foretold by Odin's father, Bor.
Loki was not like his brother Thor, He proved to be a mischievous child, and was often also jealous of the affection Odin showed his older brother Thor. He began studying Asgardian magic and science, both of which he would become very proficient in, eventually becoming one of the strongest sorcerers in Asgard. Loki is well known for cutting off the long, golden hair of Thor's love, Sif. He was forced by Thor to restore it. Loki then enlisted two dwarves to do so, but when he refused to pay them, they made new, black hair, out of nothing.
In his youth, Loki was not evil, but tried again and again to gain advantage over his older brother Thor. Odin sent Thor, Balder, and Sif out in search of materials for a sword. Loki followed them secretly, but found that an evil goddess by the name of Karnilla was about to attack.
Karnilla wanted Loki to serve her as she overthrew Odin. Loki refused her, so Karnilla disciplined and intimidated the prince, telling him that she would conquer Asgard and make Loki bow down before her. Out of fear, Loki was forced to alert Thor and Odin. If Loki hadn't done so, Karnilla would have succeeded in overthrowing the King of Asgard.
Meanwhile, Odin loved Thor so much that he was preparing his greatest gift to the young Thor. When Thor turned eight, Odin had a magical hammer created, an amazingly powerful one - Mjolnir. Loki was jealous, and he showed his first signs of evil. He interfered with Mjolnir while it was still being made-he caused the handle to be made too short. As a boy, he wanted Mjolnir's power which would someday be Thor's and often tried to steal it. When that didn't work he tried other techniques to damage Thor's life emotionally.
This plan came to fruition when a younger Amora The Enchantress arrived to recruit Loki to work for her so that she could seduce and control Thor. The Enchantress succeeded where Karnilla failed, and Loki aided her in finding a magic mirror which would make Thor fall for the Enchantress completely. This plan did work, for a time, but eventually unraveled when Thor's friends and Sif (who truly loved him) helped him break The Enchantress' mind control. Loki once again found himself to have been bested by his brother Thor.
This all had an effect on Loki. He grew angrier with each passing day, he was truly becoming evil. His hate for Thor and desire to rule Asgard manifested along with his sorcery and mischief. He became jaded and evil. He finally made a vow-to be the most powerful god in Asgard, and to kill his brother Thor.
Based on the Norse myths, Loki appeared for the first time in Venus #6. A modern re-imagining by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby first appeared in Journey into Mystery #85. His first appearance as Kid Loki was in Thor issue 617.
Major Story Arcs
Loki Before the Avengers
Loki is best known for fighting Thor, and other heroes in the Marvel Universe. Most notably the Avengers, although he's fought many others. However Loki was an enemy of Thor and goodness before he entered the Marvel Universe and became known. Thor and Loki grew up, and Thor gained the throne of Asgard. Loki became a public enemy. He often tried to seize the throne of Asgard and perpetrated numerous crimes. Eventually, his crimes grew so great that Odin himself was forced to take drastic action. He trapped Loki inside a tree as punishment for his crimes. Loki, however was very skilled in magic and escaped.
Disgruntled, he wandered until finding Eldred, a sorcerer. Eldred was amazingly skilled and powerful in magic, and he specialized in black magic. Eldred schooled Loki in the black arts until Loki was as skilled as he. Loki left with his new found abilities and found someone who could enhance his power even more - Surtur the fire demon. He had power beyond power-and he had a particular liking for souls. Loki turned on his teacher Elfred. He sold Eldred's soul to Surtur for power, and in return assumed even more power, all of Eldred's lands, minions, and possessions.
Loki continued committing acts such as this for a long time. He drew further into black magic, and earned the title "God of Evil" among the Asgardians. He also formed alliances with many of the worst creatures in Asgard, horrible creatures. Angerboda was an evil goddess who became Loki's wife. Their children were the Midgard Serpent, Fenris Wolf, and Hela (later Goddess of Death and enemy of Thor). Loki also married Sigyn by tricking her into believing he was Theoric, her lover.
Also, an important development happened at this time. Loki learned of a prophecy-Ragnarok. In Ragnarok, it was fated that he would bring about Asgard's ruin. He would lead the enemies of Asgard into a war against Asgard, kill Balder, and destroy all of Asgard. Loki, being evil, liked the idea, and accepted it as his destiny. He often tried to destroy Asgard and bring about Ragnarok, but Odin continually stopped him. However, Loki's schemes were so crafty that no one could ever prove it was him. Meanwhile, his brother Thor had became arrogant. The worship of Midgard, and adulation of Asgardians as their king went to his head. He also became proud and selfish. One day, while fighting a Frost Giant, he chased it into Frost Giant territory. This nearly caused a war. Odin was so angry that he decided to punish Thor. He created a mortal body for Thor, Donald Blake, stripped Thor of his powers and memories, and trapped him inside the body of Donald Blake, M.D.
Ages of Thunder
Asgard was under attack by the Frost Giants. All the gods were fighting as if it was the end of Asgard. In the end it was Thor standing strong along with his lightning winning the battle for Asgard. Thor brought down a mighty giant who fell and destroyed a giant wall of Asgard which had stood for as long as anyone could remember. The wall was ruined but it was spring once again. Yggdrasil grew golden apples once again for the Asgardians to feast on. Only Enchantress had the power to pick the apples from the great tree. All of the gods gained wisdom and youth from eating these apples in their meals. All that is, except for the mighty Thor. Heimdall then spots a man walking towards Asgard. The man was a mason who offered Odin his services to fix the great wall which had been destroyed in their war against the Frost Giants. The mason said he'd be able to fix the wall in a year if he could have one thing. He wanted neither riches nor power, all he wanted was the Enchantress herself. Loki talked with Odin and they decided to accept the masons offer to rebuild their wall. However, they told him that he'd have six months and not a year to do so. They all agreed, as the gods deemed it as an impossible task for the man. However, the man built at an alarming rate, a rate that would finish the wall in less than six months. This greatly angered Odin and he told Loki to fix their problem or else he'd bind him to stone forever. Loki then shapeshifted into a mare in order to distract the man's steed. All night, Loki distracted the steed and in the morning, the man wasn't able to finish the wall. Odin told the man that he couldn't complete the task, but the man knew that it was Loki who distracted his steed and who made him fail in his task. The man began to say that he'd kill them all and showed his true form. He was actually a shapeshifting Frost Giant who was ready to damn the Asgardians. As he fought Loki and Odin, Thor returned from his recent journey and killed the Giant by throwing Mjolnir at him. He then ordered Loki to clean up his mess. Thor then walked through Asgard, carrying with him the heads of several Frost Giants.
Loki was then banished from Asgard for yet another attempt of trickery. Loki wandered though Asgard with no food or direction. It seemed as if he'd been traveling in the snow for thousands of years. One day, an eagle flew up to him and started asking him questions. The eagle laughed at Loki, seeing how weak and desperate he was. The eagle offered Loki a deal. He'd give him food if he could bring him his hearts desire, the Enchantress. Loki then talked to Enchantress and fooled her by saying he had found golden apples which she could pick. They climbed to the top of a snowy mountain where a Frost Giant, who had masqueraded as the eagle, was waiting for them. The Giant then took Enchantress with him to be his queen. The Asgardians then began to starve as only Enchantress was able to pick the golden apples from the tree. Odin then found out that Loki was to blame and forced him to attempt to save Enchantress from the Frost Giant. Loki then went back to the lair of the Frost Giant. He found Enchantress laying there tied up while the Frost giant was sleeping. He secreted her and then the Frost Giant woke up discovered her missing. The Frost Giant gave chase and eventually caught up to the two Asgardians and took hold of them. There was nobody around to rescue the two from the hands of the Frost Giant. yet when all seemed lost, Thor then came flying down from the sky straight into the Frost Giant, killing him. Enchantress was then returned to Asgard and the gods could all feast on the Golden Apples once more.
Donald Blake was a happy normal doctor. He was caring and loving and had a good family. Then the alien Kronans invaded. Fleeing, Blake fled into the cave Thor was born in. He found a walking stick, and when he picked it up, it became Mjolnir. He transformed into Thor and regained his memories. This meant he could change into Thor whenever he wanted by banging his cane on the ground. So, Thor was back on Earth and eventually Loki found out. Naturally, this was big news for the evil god-his long lost, worst enemy brother was, at last, found. Loki used powerful magic and managed to escape his own imprisonment and end up on an island. There, Loki made his first, most notable appearance.
Loki traveled to Earth, and found an incredible engine of destruction equal to Thor- the Incredible Hulk. He used psychic powers to make the slow-minded Hulk believe there had been dynamite placed on the train tracks. Hulk destroyed the train trestle to stop the train from triggering the "dynamite" from exploding, and held the track on his shoulders so that the train could pass safely. However, what the train conductor saw was a broken track and Hulk beneath it. Naturally, he concluded that Hulk was on a rampage. He put out a distress call to alert authorities to the Hulk's seeming rampage. Loki intercepted the call and stopped it from reaching the Fantastic Four and other heroes. The only one he let the transmission reach was Donald Blake, who instantly transformed into Thor, but Iron Man, Ant-Man, and Wasp also picked up the signal. Ant-Man used his network of ants to find Hulk. Hulk had been captured and was working in a circus as the strongman. Ant-Man quickly found him and had his ants trap Hulk beneath earth. Hulk escaped though, and was met by Iron Man. Iron Man and Ant-Man teamed up to confront Hulk, but he smashed his way through all their efforts and escaped into the desert.
Meanwhile, Thor suspected that this looked like the work of Loki. He was granted permission by Odin and traveled to the Asgardian island that Loki was located. Loki created many challenges for him along the way, such as volcanoes and more, but Thor overcame them all. Then they finally meet, for the first time in centuries. Loki created conjurations that Thor battled, but he defeated them. However, Loki had a trick up his sleeve. He made a deal with Trolls that lived beneath the surface-he would deliver unto them the most powerful god if they could but capture him. The trolls dragged Thor underground-but he used Mjolnir to shine a brilliant light on them. The underground creatures were blinded. Thor then defeated Loki in combat, captured him, and brought him to Earth.
Meanwhile, Iron Man and Hulk had been battling ferociously in a factory. As they battled, Thor showed up with Loki as his prisoner. He explained to the Hulk that it was really Loki's tricks on him that started the whole incident. Hulk then attacked Loki, but Loki turned radioactive. Loki then tried to destroy Thor but fell through a trap door, which trapped him inside a lead lined tank. The five heroes celebrated, and decided to form a team. Wasp suggested the name "Avengers". And thus, the Avengers were born-all due to Loki. The Avengers would become Loki's second greatest enemy-right behind Thor. They also became known as Earth's Greatest Heroes. Ironically, it was Loki's attack which would unwittingly create what would become a great force against evil, which included him so very often.
Battles and Usurpings
Loki continued to battle Thor, both by himself and using pawns. Loki was responsible for the creation of many of the powerful villains who fought Thor, the Avengers, and other heroes. Among those he used as pawns were Absorbing Man, Destroyer, Cobra, Enchantress and Executioner, Lava Men, Super-Skrull, Mr. Hyde, Weather-Maker, and Surtur. These villains fought the Avengers and Thor, and were extremely successful. Enchantress and Executioner in particular were among the most dangerous enemies of the Avengers for a very long time.
Loki plotted another huge attack against Asgard in furtherance of his plans to attain his ultimate goal, ruler-ship. Odin ruled Asgard and was so powerful that Loki knew he would never be able to defeat him to become its new ruler, though rest assured, Loki tried. Odin had to sleep (or hibernate) in the Odinsleep for a time periodically to "recharge" his immense power. Loki tried to gain the throne of Asgard during one of these "Odinsleeps", while Odin's guard was down. He was actually successful. He gained control of the throne of Asgard. However, he ran into a problems. Asgard had a number of powerful dangerous enemies. It took a lot of skill, willpower, and wisdom to be a successful ruler, Loki realized then that ruling Asgard was harder then it looked. Mangog and Surtur, who were angry at the God of Mischief, caused numerous problems, and scared Loki so much that he eventually stepped down.
Loki also made several other evil bids to destroy his enemies and gain power during this time. He teamed up with Dormammu, the insane and powerful ruler of the Dark Dimension, to try and gain the Evil Eye. The Evil Eye is a mystical, powerful object which would give him power beyond his wildest dreams (like Red Skull and the Cosmic Cube). Ironically, he was tricking the Avengers and another team, the Defenders, into building it for him. However, unlike Red Skull and the Cosmic Cube incident, Loki failed. He also launched a direct attack on Midgard, but he was stopped by Thor and a team of heroes which stopped him and the Asgardian army.
Finally, Loki stole the throne of Asgard again and was defeated. Odin became extremely angry at this latest attempt. He stripped Loki of his memories, created a human body, that of a hobo, put his consciousness into it, and transported him to Earth. Loki lived that way for a while until he was saved by a journalist named Harris Hobbs. Hobbs had been to Asgard but Thor wiped his memories of the visit. A dream restored his memories; the dream somehow reached Loki and restored his memories also. Angry by what had been done to him by Odin, Loki managed to cause Ragnarok by killing Balder with an arrow, but Balder was revived. Loki also gave a mortal the same powers as Thor so he could be an assistant. The mortal was Red Norvell. Loki was punished, but blamed Odin and was released from punishment.
At one time, Hela cursed Thor. He would be immortal but would never heal from injuries. Loki found out and was pleased with Hela, who was doing a better job of killing Thor then he himself had ever done. He sent the Destroyer, an army of frost giants, and the Midgard Serpent to attack Thor. Thor got reduced to a puddle of broken bones, blood, and assorted crushed organs. However, he was still alive due to his immortality. Thor then mentally took over the Destroyer armor, found Hela, defeated her, then forced her to remove the curse. Thor broke Loki's arm as punishment.
Once, Seth and the Demons of Death attacked Asgard. In a horrible war, Seth managed to capture Odin and keep him prisoner inside the source of Seth's power-the magical Black Pyramid. Loki and Thor teamed up and rescued Odin, who then inflicted his wrath upon Seth. This is one of the few rare times Loki has worked together with Thor. On Another occasion, Loki concocted a vast plot to rule the Earth and destroy the Avengers. He brought together the Red Skull, Magneto, Kingpin, Doctor Doom, Wizard, and Mandarin, to which he offered them the chance to manipulate heroes into battles and thus destroy them. Being the God of Mischief, he was manipulating all of them (the villains) into thinking they each were the leader. However, Thor found out and beat Loki soundly. In vengeance, Loki created the Tri-Sentinel to cause destruction, but Spider-Man gained the Uni-Power, became Captain Universe, and destroyed it.
Loki created a new plot soon after this, and barring his first appearance in Avengers #1, it was his most devious yet. This particular appearance would have him appear as a businessman, trapped by Mephisto, fighting Thor and Eric Masterson, and possessing none other then the War Machine. First, Loki created his plot-then he took the form of a businessman on Midgard and found Ulik, a troll, Amora the Enchantress, and the Wrecking Crew. Loki had them capture Kevin Masterson, the son of Eric Masterson. Thor, at this time, was bound into Eric Masterson's body. Thor was angry at Loki, and even in a human body, he managed to set Kevin free for Eric. As he was escaping, Loki launched a power blast at Kevin and Marcy, his mother-in petty spite.
The Enchantress though had secretly turned against Loki. She took control of the body of another mortal, Susan Austin-Kevin's babysitter. In Austin's body, she took the blast meant for Marcy, transferring her consciousness out of Susan Austin's body at the last second. This attack really angered Thor-Loki was trying to kill innocent mortals for no reason at all, just to spite Thor. The wrath of the God of Thunder truly fell upon the now terrified Loki. Thor drained the life force from Loki with Mjolnir and appeared to have killed him. As punishment, Thor was banished to Eric's subconscious as punishment by Odin. Eric became the new Thor, although he took the name Thunderstrike instead. On a side note, Thunderstrike was granted his own short series in the early 90s.
Meanwhile, Loki had taken over the body of Odin while he was in Odinsleep. He explored his new amazing powers, got a good laugh at Thor, then took control of Asgard. Odin's spirit floated down into the Realm of Mephisto, which was quite the bounty for it's new ruler, Mephisto. The souls of the innocent were fine, but the soul of the King of the Asgardians was even better. Fortunately, Thunderstrike and Thor's old buddy Sif traveled to Mephisto's Realm and rescued Odin, restoring him to his body. Mephisto simply took Loki in Odin's stead. Loki made a deal with Pluto, an evil underworld god of Hades. Loki would try to take down Hercules if Pluto would take down Thor. Mephisto was busy at the time and wasn't paying attention to Loki, not a good thing to do, even if you own his soul.
Loki tried having a Titan attack Hercules, but it failed. So he had the Flame, a high-level minion, attack Thor. However, the psychotic Flame almost hurt Sigyn, and Loki ended up having to save Thor from his own henchman. Loki was still trapped in Mephisto's Realm, but Thor eventually rescued him to help him fight the New Immortals, Loki's soul bonded to a suit of armor -- his body being long gone. Afterwards, Loki continued to fight Thor and now Thunderstrike. He even possessed the War Machine to fight them, and gained a new body from Seth afterwards. But then War Machine, the new Ant-Man ( Scott Lang), and She-Hulk teamed up against him, reminding him of the Avengers- he had more then enough trouble with the Avengers, and so he ended the fight.
Loki had a plan to capture ultimate power-with the Infinity Gems. The Infinity Gems were a collection of powerful gems-seven in all, each a different color, each with different powers. It was known that if anyone were to ever manage to collect all seven Infinity Gems, they would possess ultimate power-total omnipotence. Thanos and Red Skull had both tried and failed to capture them (although Red Skull got the Cosmic Cube later on).
Loki found that all of the Infinity Gems were floating in an alternate dimension-the Ultraverse. He traveled to this other reality to capture the Gems. They were already owned by the Ultras-a race of ultra powerful superhumans native to the Ultraverse. Each one had a gem, and each was incredibly powerful. Loki traveled throughout the Ultraverse and met the one's who possessed each gem, and easily destroyed them, one by one. They were no match for the God of Mischief. He attained six of the gems-but then realized that something was missing. Loki hadn't understood the true meaning of the Gems. He didn't know he would need a seventh. He searched throughout the Ultraverse for a long time, searching until one of the Elders of the Universe- Grandmaster-appeared to him and informed him that he needed another Gem-the Ego Gem. Loki, the Avengers, and Ultraforce (the heroes of that dimension) all fought for the Gem. However, Loki couldn't defeat both Ultraforce and the Avengers. He never got the Gem, and eventually lost all of them-the closest Loki had come to true omnipotence. Humiliated, he returned to his own dimension-and he was angry ...
Meanwhile, Loki continued in his efforts to bring about Ragnarok. Loki has unceasingly continued to create and carry out plots to bring forth Ragnorok so as to destroy Asgard. However, through the efforts of Odin and Thor, he had so far been thwarted at every turn. After the Infinity Gems debacle, Loki started trying even harder, and Odin sensed that Ragnarok was going to come soon. In an attempt to try and increase the time they had, Odin tricked Yggdrasil, the World Tree, into thinking that Ragnarok had already happened, which resulted in all the Asgardians being stripped of their memories and Asgardian identities, given mortal identities, and placed on Midgard. Loki became an Oriental businessman named Tso Zhung. Thor became Jake Olsen, a paramedic. Afterwards, Red Norvell found all the Asgardians and brought them together, giving them back their true identities. Loki regained his identity first and fought Seth, who had tried to destroy all Asgardians given this unique opportunity. Eventually, all of the Asgardians regained their identities.
However, Jake Olsen (the real one) was killed, Thor then used the name and appearance of Jake Olsen as a secret identity. Loki reanimated the Jake Olsen's dead body and used it to commit crimes so Thor would be arrested, but Thor trapped Loki in a body exactly the same as Jake Olsen's. Loki was sent to prison.
Fortunately for him, Loki was eventually released from prison-just as Surtur actually managed to kill Odin. Thor took the throne, and things temporarily worked out for Loki-he got more power, and saw how Thor put Asgardian pieces of culture on Earth. But he was still evil, and he still believed in his destiny. And he knew what his destiny was - Ragnarok.
Loki forged another uru hammer similar to Mjolnir that he could use himself. He conceived of yet another plan to attempt to begin Ragnarok and destroy Asgard. Thor could have stopped him-he always had in the past. But he realized that the greatest possible honor on Asgard was to die fighting as a warrior. Asgard was on a loop, Loki attacks, Thor saves, death, rebirth. Thor accepted the destiny that Loki would eventually destroy Asgard and start Ragnarok-and he could thus ensure that everyone in Asgard wold die a warrior's death.
Thor though promised himself a caveat, if he was going to allow a whole dimension to die, he might as well get revenge on his greatest enemy, who had plagued him so much. With a swift stroke of Mjolnir, Thor hacked Loki's head off. Of course, Loki was an amazingly powerful sorcerer, and decapitation didn't kill him. His head still lived, so Thor carried it with him when he traveled to Asgard. Surtur was preparing to unleash an amazing assault on Asgard-one that would destroy it unless Thor stopped it. He let Surtur launch the attack-and Asgard was destroyed. But before Thor died, he confronted Those Who Sit Above In Shadow. The powers responsible for Ragnaroks, and he destroyed them. Then Asgard died-and Thor with it.
As for Loki, what could he do? Thor had decapitated him. All he could do was sit and watch as his ultimate goal-Ragnarok-was carried forth-and then scream as he also was vanquished in the attack. The last act of Loki, his last act in a long, sad and troubled life...a scream.. But even if his last act was to scream as his greatest plan destroyed him, Loki was still quite possibly the greatest threat ever to Thor and Asgard-and even in death, in the end-Loki won, as he was destined to...
Like all the "dead" Asgardians, Loki was reborn in human form and imprisoned by Balder to prevent Thor from restoring Asgard. However the fates had a little surprise for Loki, as he was reborn as a female, inhabiting the body of Sif, Thor's true love. Loki has seemingly devoted herself to aiding her brother and former enemy in his quest to restore Asgard, but knowing Loki, this is undoubtedly a plan she has set into motion to destroy her brother once again. Due to Loki's latest moves Lady Sif remains as the last Aesir still trapped in human form. Balder discovered that he is a true son of Odin and not just adopted. Balder was then crowned Prince of Asgard. In contrast to Loki's life as a male god, the goddess seems to use hidden truths to spin her sinister webs rather then lies.
Loki sought out Hela to ask a favor. She wanted to be transformed back to her true male form as she was on a mission. Hela then transformed her into Loki's original form. Loki then revealed that the body he was using was the body of Sif. Loki was sent back in time to when the Asgardians were fighting the frost giants. Loki was attacked and slayed a frost giant. Their leader sensed their blood flowing through Loki's veins and knew he was one of them. Bor was seen chasing a frost giant and there was a powerful sorcerer. The powerful sorcerer that killed Bor was none other than Loki. He bid Bor farewell and transformed him into snow. Loki then influenced himself as a child to take revenge on his true father and to be tough. Loki's father was killed by the hands of Odin and young Loki appeared at the scene. He attacked Odin but was stopped and Odin took the young Loki to be his own son. After they left, the current Loki arrived and took satisfaction in striking down his father with a sword. Loki returned to Hela and asked to be transformed back to her form in the body of Sif.
Loki has joined Norman Osborn's secret Cabal. For their cooperation and services Osborn will provide them with the resources to accomplish their goals. Loki wants Asgard, back in the heavens where it belongs. When the chaos god Chthon returns, Loki acts swiftly to take defeat him. She appears to specific heroes during the Chaos Cascade as the Scarlet Witch, gathering them all in Wundagore. Together with some unexpected arrivals lead by Hank Pym, the Mighty Avengers defeat Chthon, unaware that they have become Loki's new pawns.
Loki continues with her plan to take Asgard by resurrecting Odin's father Bor. He distorts Bor's vision so that the world around him looks more deformed and grotesque. Unaware of who they were fighting, Thor and Bor battle each other until Bor falls dead under the might of Thor's hammer. Balder and Loki then appear and inform Thor that he has just killed his grandfather. Loki then reminds Balder that the laws of Asgard must be maintained, Thor must receive the full punishment for killing a member of the royal family. As prince of Asgard, Balder is forced to banish Thor from Asgard forever. Speaking to some Asgardians at a pub Loki informs them that there is another place were Asgard could dwell, in the land called Latveria, ruled by Victor Von Doom.
Loki plans on moving the Asgardians to Latveria now that Thor is banished. Loki and Balder meet with Dr. Doom at his castle in Latveria to discuss moving there. The two Asgardians are fed by Doom's slaves and Balder starts to question him on why his slaves look malnourished as he is still cautious in trusting Doom and Loki. They then discuss moving the inhabitants of Asgard to Latveria. Finally it was decided that the Asgardians who wish to move to Latveria, shall arrive via a portal made by Loki herself. Some Asgardians stay, but most follow Loki and Balder to live in Latveria under Doom.
Loki and Doom meet in the new home of the Asgardians, Latveria. Loki is now back in his male form as Thor was able to separate Sif from the body of an old dying woman. Loki tells Doom that the Asgardians love Latveria as it is much like Asgard to include the weather, structures and living under a Monarchy. Loki says everyone else is happy, then Doom asks him if he's happy, Loki then says with a grin that his happiness is just beginning.
Dr. Doom and Loki continue to discuss their plans. Doom gives Loki a small army of Doombots to help him kill his target, who is later revealed to be Donald Blake. Loki then goes off to prepare his own gift for Doom. Loki talks to an Asgardian named Endrik. Endrik shows Loki his sword and he tells him that he plans on giving it to his son one day, even though he doesn't have a son or a woman of his own. Loki asks Endrik to come with him and then puts a spell on Endrik which puts him to sleep.
Bill goes off to talk to Balder and on his way to him, he hears a scream. He looks at what is happening in the room and he overhears the plan of Loki and Doom. Loki used Endrik as a sacrifice for Doom so that he could try to use his organs to make himself immortal just like the Asgardians. Loki then spots Bill as he was watching them talk about their plans. He then sends three rogue Asgardians after him. Bill tries to fight them off, but he is stabbed in the gut by one of the superior Asgardian warriors.
Underworld Deals and the Siege on Asgard
Loki captured the spirits of his deceased minions killed by Balder in self-defense. Using these spirits as bait he met with the Dsir and defeated
them, taking them as slaves to offer to Mephisto for 101 days. After making deals with Mephisto and his daughter Hela Loki is now free of the boundaries of death. Mephisto granted Hela a part of his hell (from the peninsula of Perfidy to the gully of Hubris) to Hela for a thousand years to reestablish the underworld of the northern mystical realm, Hel. For this little gift Hela had stricken him of the books of Hel, by doing so she made him the only really immortal Asgardian. It is difficult to say whether or not he has become immune to harm or simply will not pass on of old age. Loki was recently exiled from Asgard by lord Balder because of his actions in Latveria and his involvement in the Siege on Asgard.
The horned master of mischief and mayhem was last seen when he attacked the mad Sentry/Void above the remains of the city of Asgard, this action could be a way of faking his own death. His seemingly last words were: "I'm sorry, brother." Considering the deal he struck with Hel it is reasonable to believe that he has not passed on.
After the events of Siege, Thor mourns Loki's death and decides to resurrect his brother. Loki is given new life as a Parisian street hustler named Serrure (the French word for lock), having no idea of who he was or how he came to be. Instead Serrure feigns simple card tricks in front of an audience while an accomplice pickpockets them. Thor confronts Loki in his new form while Serrure's accomplice robs the god of thunder in civilian guise. But Thor catches the thieves in the act and chases Serrure down until he can convince the boy of his true nature and identity as the Asgardian god of mischief. Thor brings Loki home to the fallen Asgard just as refugees of the World Tree arrive fleeing the genocidal rampage of Uthana-Thoth. When Odin is brought back from Limbo to battle the warriors of the "Tenth World" Loki runs away, knowing that Odin would disapprove of his return and the destruction it would undoubtedly cause. Running into Iron Man, Loki was saved by Thor who defended his own reasons for bringing the trickster back.
Journey Into Mystery
To avoid the disapproval of the citizens of Asgard, Loki announces his intention to travel to the world of men and learn their ways, which Thor approves of. But before he can set off, a magpie (messenger bird) explodes in his chambers while delivering a key to Loki. This leads Loki into the very bowels of Asgard itself where he receives a message from a spiritual echo of his former self, saying that Loki's death at the hands of the Void was part of a greater scheme of death and rebirth and that Loki the child was necessary to complete the plan. However Loki refuses to follow this path, wanting to be his own person, and transforms the spirit of his former self into a magpie named Ikol. On returning to Earth, he witnesses Odin striking down Thor.
Thor had challenged Odin's wisdom in destroying Midgard with the revelation of the Serpent's return. Thor is imprisoned while Odin assembles the Asgardian army to cleanse away the Serpents influence no matter the cost. Meanwhile Loki, who disagreed with Odin's actions, is occupied by Volstagg who orders him to clean the stables of Thor's goats to keep him out of trouble and danger. But most importantly, Volstagg is to keep Loki from interfering with Odin's plans. Ikol convinces Loki that if Odin is to continue on this foolish path it would surely mean the end for them all and Loki quickly escapes. By using the wool of one of the goats, he descends into the roots of the World Tree to ask questions from the Nornish women who live there. Their sage wisdom causes Loki to weep because he does not know if theirs is the right path to follow. He seeks advice from Thor and breaks into his prison cell asking for help. Loki asks his brother what he would do if he had to let something bad happen in order to prevent something worse from happening and what if it cost him everything. With Thor's answer, Loki decided to free one of the imprisoned Hel Wolves and bind it to him in servitude using the bridle of Thor's goats. He revealed he needed help from one more 'personage' before heading for the realm of Hela.
Once there Loki begins to craft his impossible plan together. Pitting Hela and Mephisto against one another. In other words playing both sides against the middle. His endgame is possession over the powerful Dísir, the dead god of war Tyr and the powerful Destroyer Armor. As extra precaution Hela sends her handmaiden Leah along to the destruction of the Serpents "Anti-Asgard". But Loki's team or "Magic Secret Action Squad" as he calls them is nothing more than a distraction for Loki's real plan. Using the shadow of Surtur's all powerful Twilight Sword, Loki plans to rewrite Asgardian myth and prophesize the Serpents demise at the hands of Thor. Twilight's Shadow is really the world's most powerful pen.
Thor defeated The Serpent but at the cost of his own life, so now Loki was on his own once again, and what was worse, the All-Mothers, the three goddesses left in charge of Asgard, knew what Loki had done. He had free Surtur, made deals with both Hela and Mephisto, stole the Destroyer and had created a litter of demon puppies. The All Mothers, black mailed Loki into being there spy and errand boy. And one day after sending Loki to his room as punishment for starting a fight with a human bully, Loki had a nightmare that Ikol was forced to wake him from.
This nightmare lead to the team-up of Loki, Leah and Hellstorm to stop Nightmare from killing countless children in comas from the Serpent's fear wave. Loki learned that he had a large deposit of fear stuff in his own head and had Leah take it out. He then traded it to Nightmare for the sake of the other children. This didn't sit well with Helstorm who know the destruction that Nightmare could cause with all the Fear Stuff Loki had given him freely. Loki then explained that he also told the Fear Lords about Nightmare have so much power and they striped him of it quickly and then began fighting among them selves over who should wield it. Loki pointed out they would never agree to agree and the fear stuff was safe.
Surtur, having been released during Loki's plans against the Serpent, sets up a plan in order to cause the total destruction of the nine realms. Loki is able to bring about his defeat using his own trickery, and some help from Hela and Leah, to save Asgard. However, after the battle is won, Hellstorm delivers a terrible message: that Mephisto has taken the fear stuff crown, and will use it to gain total control over hell. Loki speaks to his past self, who reveals that since the crown is based on Loki's thoughts, it can only be destroyed with Loki's death. In order to save Asgard and the world, Loki consumes Ikol, effectively killing himself and letting the old Loki take control.
When Wiccan and Hulkling are captured by an interdimensional parasite known as Mother, Loki comes to their aid and rescues them from the prison that they were being held in. They admit that they need help to defeat the creature, but are wary of trusting Loki, knowing who he is. They go to Asgard, and are met with Loki's father. With the help of Ms. America, the team flee to New York City, but are once again met by the parasite, and are captured.
They are saved by Kate Bishop and Noh-Var, but are then attacked by citizens of New York, who fall under the control of Mother as the team flies by in Noh-Var's ship. The team flees to Central Park in order to minimize the number of civilians in the area. Once there, Loki tells the group that their only choice to save themselves is to either kill Wiccan, or allow Loki to borrow Wiccan's powers for ten minutes so that he can save them. Seeing no other option, Wiccan agrees, and Loki immediately teleports away, seemingly abandoning the group to face the mob of mind controlled New Yorkers on their own.
While he intended to leave them to die, Loki has an internal conversation with the child self that he killed at the end of Journey into Mystery, and is convinced to return to the team. Once there, he defeats the creature, but the team is forced to leave New York, as Wiccan's spell is still intact. While the rest of the team is busy, Loki meets with Mother, revealing that he had planned everything that had happened with the parasite, working in order to gain access to Wiccan's immense power so that he can gain back the abilities he lost when he was reincarnated.
The team is left in a situation where neither Wiccan nor Loki are powerful enough to fight Mother. In order to increase Loki's power, Wiccan ages Loki's body to that of a teenager, increasing his powers. Now able to take on Mother, as well as Leah, who had recruited the exes of the other Young Avengers members, the group goes to Mother's dimension to stop things once and for all.
In his confrontation with Leah, she taunts him for destroying his younger self. Realizing that she is merely an illusion created by his own guilty conscience, Loki confesses his part in freeing Mother, as well as for killing his younger self. Now sated, the exes and Leah vanish, allowing the Young Avengers to defeat Mother.
When Wiccan turns to introduce his new teammate to his parents, he finds that Loki is missing, having fled the scene due to his guilt.
Agent of Asgard
As a part of All New Marvel NOW!, Loki was granted his own solo series. Living in his own apartment (that he has to magically move to different apartment buildings every now and then because people keep mistaking him for Harry Styles), Loki begins to take on missions for the All-Mother. In exchange for his help, certain crimes that he committed in the past are erased and forgotten. He breaks into the prison on Asgardia with the help of Lorelei to discover that his mother had betrayed him by keeping the future Loki alive and well, even going to him for consultations. Loki then refuses to do the bidding of the All-Mother and leaves.
The Tenth Realm
Thor goes to Loki for help after being exposed to the "bomb" set off by the Watcher's eye. He receives glimpses of the past in which he is made to realize that he has a sister and that there is a tenth realm that had been sealed away. With Loki's help, Thor enters the tenth realm - Heven, Land of the Angels. The fierce Angels do battle with Thor. Asgardians are enemies of the Angels.Loki, however, is a Jotuun, not an Asgardian, and therefore works out a deal with the Queen of the Angels. Taking a new female form, Loki becomes the Mistress of Strategies of Heven. Thor faces Angela in battle, and he is captured, while Loki leads a battalion of Angelic forces against Asgardia. Understanding that there are shields surrounding the home of the Asgardians, he encourages the Angels to attack head on, leading them to their deaths. With a fleet of Angels down, Loki seeks the help of Odin. Odin and Loki return to Heven prepared to rescue Thor and do battle, when Odin reveals that Angela is in fact his daughter. The Queen of the Angels allows Angela to leave, out of respect for her abilities, but she also renounces her. Angela has nowhere to go, and so before leaving, Loki reminds her that she is his sister, and therefore, she is welcome in his home.
March to AXIS
Loki returns to his apartment after the events that transpired in the Tenth Realm, to be greeted by his new friend Verity Willis. She is angry at him for manipulating her, but they don't get much time to work it out, as Doom transports Loki to Castle Doom in Latveria. Doom, after visiting the future, believes that in order to secure the safe future of Earth, Loki needs to be contained. He suggests a magical duel, and ultimately, traps Loki. Verity is with him, however, and is undetected by Doom.
Avengers & X-Men: AXIS
After the initial round of fighting between the heroes (Avengers & X-Men) and the Red Onslaught, in which all of the heroes had fallen except for Iron Man, Magneto decided to flee Genosha. He began rounding up a new group of supers - the villains. He reached out to Sabretooth, Mystique, Carnage, the Hobgoblin, Jack O'Lantern, the Enchantress, Deadpool, Doctor Doom - and Loki. The group traveled to Genosha, and battled the Red Onslaught and the super sentinels he had used to take down the heroes. The villains easily defeated the sentinels - something the heroes had not been able to do, and kept the Red Onslaught occupied while Doom and Wanda Maximoff worked their mixture of Order and Chaos magics to create an inversion, which reverted the Red Onslaught back into the Red Skull. The villains disappeared just as the Inversion took place.
Loki later reemerges as Loki Agent of AXIS! God of Heroism and Truth. Armed with the sword of truth, Gram, Loki feels the change caused by the Inversion Spell and decides to embrace it, along with a fellow Asgardian and former-villainess, Amora the Enchantress. As a hero, Loki does away with his trademark gold horns, and replaces the dark green ensemble he usually wears with pieces of gold armor, a white and green pattern, and a new headpiece. His first act of heroism occurs when he stops a heist from occurring at the hands of the Ringleader and his circus act-themed villains. For the first time in his life, Loki experiences praise for his actions and receives applause and cheers from the people he rescued. Transforming into a unicorn, Loki gallops away to find his inverted brother. Thor, who, now hammerless, has become the God of Evil, armed with the magical Axe Jarnbjorn. Loki finds Thor while Thor is gambling. Loki explains to Thor that the scared civilians are simply letting him win so as not enrage the Asgardian. Thor, angry, attacks Loki, who refuses to fight back, and asks why Loki is trying to help him. Now unable to tell a lie, Loki reveals that it is because he loves his brother. Thor responds by saying that he feels only disgust for Loki. Disheartened, Loki is pulled away from the conflict by Spider-Man passing overhead in an aircraft. Spider-Man reveals that he and Steve Rogers have gathered all the former-villains who have now been inverted to form a new group of Avengers. These former villains will now have to stop both the evil Inverted Avengers and the bellicose warmongering X-Men of Apocalypse.
Back at his apartment, Loki calls together his "friends" - Verity Willis, Lorelei, and Sigurd. When they arrive at his apartment they find him on his couch being "friendly" with his new lover, the inverted Enchantress. Disgusted with the new Loki, Lorelei, Sigurd, and Verity leave. Verity takes it the worst, trying to convince herself that her "bitchy, funny" friend Loki was never really her friend at all and that she doesn't care, but she does. She calls Lorelei to ask if she can find any magical solution to return Loki to normalcy, but Lorelei says she cannot and that she doesn't care anyway. While conversing on the phone with Verity, Lorelei reveals she is in the middle of committing a crime.
Loki, among the ranks of the new Avengers, discusses what it really means to "love" someone with the Enchantress, who says she wishes to help correct the evil ways of her sister, Lorelei, because she loves her. Amora believes an act of true love is being able to hand her sister over for punishment and imprisonment in Asgardia to pay for her wrongs. Loki is uneasy about this course of action, but even so, he teleports them both to where Lorelei and Sigurd are located. Loki and Amora then overpower and detain the criminal lovers. When Loki returns, Sabretooth informs him that they are about to leave as a group to battle the AXIS of Evil (the inverted Avengers), Apocalypse and the X-Men (who are planning to unleash a gene bomb that would kill those who do not possess the mutant x-gene). During this final battle, Loki taunts an enraged and bloodthirsty Thor into following him through a portal which leads to the moon. Thor, out for blood, attacks Loki with the enchanted axe Jarnbjorn. Loki realizes that his only chance at survival is to grab Thor's hammer Mjolnir (left on the Blue Area of the moon when Thor became unworthy during the events of Original Sin), and hope he has become worthy. As it turns out, Loki IS worthy of lifting Mjolnir and battles Thor with his own hammer. It is Jarnbjorn versus Mjolnir, both weapons of Thor. Thor, still the God of Thunder, calls down a huge blast of lightning to devastate his adoptive brother, but Loki, now wielding Mjolnir, is unaffected by the blast, and nearly defeats Thor with his hammer. During Thor and Loki's battle on the moon, the Scarlet Witch (inverted, but subdued and forced into submission by the spirit of Daniel Drumm who was sent to possess her by Brother Voodoo), along with Doctor Doom and the inverted Red Skull (the White Skull with the powers of Charles Xavier) undid the damage that the Inversion Spell had caused. Loki was returned to his old, lying self, and the hammer Mjolnir fell from his grasp as he was no longer worthy to wield it. When Thor returned to his old self, he could not remember what he had done or why he was on the moon. Loki tried to convince him of the truth - that he was worthy of Mjolnir. Thor did not believe him, and Loki returned to Earth. The villains, although they had been the ones acting heroically, took the blame for the antics of the inverted Avengers and X-Men, so that the common people's faith in their heroes would be restored.
God of Stories
With the inversion undone and the Heroes now restored to their former selves, Loki soon discovers that, added to the fact that he is now again unworthy of wielding Mjolnir, he has also lost the ability to Lie. Thor (Odinson), still being unworthy of his own powers and seeing that his brother is now in a similar situation regarding his powers, decides to join his brother and talk. While talking with his brother, Thor notes how Loki no longer acts the same as he did when he was Kid Loki. In response to this, Loki, now unable to keep the truth hidden through his inability to lie, reveals to Thor the truth about himself. He reveals that he is not the same Loki, but rather the echo of the Old Loki who killed and possessed the body of the younger Loki. In Thor's eyes, Loki has committed a crime which cannot be forgiven. Thor, enraged by this revelation, beats Loki with his fists, bruising him badly. Thor then takes him to Asgardia where he repeats Loki's confession to his fellow gods. Like Thor, they do not take the revelation well and turn their backs on him, treating him as though he doesn't exist. The final blow is then delivered by Freya who exiles Loki from Asgardia.
Upon his exile Loki returns to Earth and meets up with Verity Willis. They talk about plans about what to do with his new found exile. These plans are stopped before they can even begin as the future King Loki suddenly appears and takes the younger Loki prisoner and, in the process, scares Verity off by telling her terrible truths about the future. Now a prisoner of his future self, Loki listens as King Loki explains the events leading up to him arriving back into the past. It begins by him escaping from a battle against King Thor, at a point in which Thor and the other Asgardians were at their most vulnerable, so that he could help his (now imprisoned) younger self change their own destiny. King Loki then goes on to explain how he (from his time) went from being the noble and heroic Agent of Asgard to his current evil self - detailing how over 10 years young Loki would complete enough missions for Asgard to abolish him of any crime/foul deed committed by Old Loki, yet despite his actions his fellow Asgardians still did not trust him. For although he may no longer have been the God of Evil, Loki was still the God of Lies. This disdain would lead to resentment, which would lead Loki, the Agent of Asgard, to become the Evil King Loki. Having explained this to his younger self, King Loki sets his younger self metaphorically (and literally to his own surprise) aflame, hoping to quicken his transition and his rise to power.
With Loki now having been burnt, his mind/soul/being/essence falls within itself where he encounters Odin who greets him as his child, the child is both a son and a daughter (referencing Original Sin). Odin explains how he's known who THIS Loki has been since his return, but then goes on to tell Loki that rather than his past or (possible) future incarnations who have tried to claim Thor's power as their own, the present Loki should instead try to reclaim and better understand his own powers. Odin queries to Loki "what is a Lie?" before vanishing. Loki then encounters the two ghosts (or echoes) of his former selves standing between a pillar upon which sits the helmet/crown of Loki. Both ghosts/echoes tell Loki that he has one of two choices, to pick up the crown and become the pale imitation of his evil older self which the Asgardians, and King Loki, want him to be (for what would a story of brave heroes and warriors be without a villain), or to destroy himself and complete his story with no regrets like his younger self did. As the two ghosts/echoes try and convince him, Loki is (surprisingly) able to talk to Verity who apologises to him for her reaction to King Loki's truths but who also asks Loki, now standing between the 2 echoes, what does "god of lies" even mean? It's then that Loki truly starts to think about his power and answers the question saying "a lie is a story told". It's at this point that Loki picks up the crown and decides to take a third option, his own path, noting how stories can be changed and thus this time around he will tell a different story. As the crown is placed upon his head Loki's physical body (still burning in the presence of King Loki on Earth) explodes, resulting in both young and old/King Loki being sent 8 months into the future (to the beginning of the events of Secret Wars), upon which young Loki escapes and returns to the home of Verity, declaring to her that "I'm the God of Stories. I'm Loki".
Loki returned to Verity, reborn as the God of Stories. With the world about to end, Loki prompted Verity to tell her story, and used the moment to trap her soul into a piece of magic jewelry to save her from death.
Loki proceeded to travel to Asgardia, where King Loki had allied himself with Asgard's enemies to destroy the Earth, and the Asgardians as well. With the unexpected appearance of his younger self and the arrival of reinforcements brought by Gjallarhorn, King Loki fled. Loki's return was acclaimed, but he had no longer interest in the judgement of the fellow Asgardians, taking no sides but his own, so he stepped aside while the Asgardians battled their enemies until the universe ended as a consequence of the incursion. Loki used his powers to trap the essence of the Asgardians and their enemies, keeping them safe from annihilation.
Loki and Verity's ghost found themselves in the middle of a blank void, confronted by Those Who Sit Above in Shadow, who demanded the God of Stories to give them the essence of the gods, which was what they feed on. Loki was able to scare Those Who Sit Above in Shadows away by putting into question their origin and existence. If the gods such as the Asgardians come from the stories that have been told about them, it was posible that the gods of the gods didn't create the gods, but had been created by them.
With the threat of Those Who Sit Above in Shadow averted, Loki found another person in the middle of nothingness: a sobbing and defeated King Loki. Loki confronted his future self, and made King Loki realize that in the end, he helped Loki change and grow away from being the God of Lies, a path King Loki was not able to change for himself. Both Lokis reconciled, and the younger one contained King Loki's essence in his scepter. Loki proclaimed that he needed a break, and decided to skip ahead in time until the universe was brought back, for which he used his magic to create a door into the future, and invited Verity to come with him through it.
When Earth-616 was brought back to existence and the War of the Realms was put into motion by Malekith the Accursed and his Dark Council, Loki was sent by Frigga to infiltrate this alliance, under the pretense of having returned to his bad ways.
After introducing himself to the new Thor in a mission which objective was to kill her, Loki was returned to Asgardia in chains when Frigga was going to be put in trial for having helped said new Thor evade Odin's wrath. In the middle of a confrontation between Odin's forces and Frigga and the Asgardians who sided with her, Loki stabbed his adoptive mother with a poisoned dagger that left her on the brink of death. Loki had learned that Malekith was planning on killing Frigga, thus he had decided to neutralize her with the best alternative which wouldn't involve killing but allowed him to remain in Malekith's side.
Loki eventually set his sights on the Presidency of the United States. After staging an attack on the two candidates, a situation which Loki himself defused, his popularity skyrocketed, fueled by his claims to the press regarding politics. After initially claiming falsely to have no desire to run, Loki announced the beginning of his campaign. While the masses were enamored with Loki, Daily Bugle reporter Nisa Contreras was not convinced and and attempted to defame Loki. However, all of Nisa's attempts to expose Loki proved to be futile and even counterproductive, to the point Loki spinned them in his favor. These attempts including the revelation that Loki's fundraising organization was secretly a worshiping cult, and the discovery that he had directly been involved in the Latverian civil war, aiding one of the two factions.
After Contreras exposed Loki's involvement in the attack on the two candidates, both polar opposites in the public opinion on Loki inflated, leading to a state of unrest. Loki contacted Nisa and set up a live interview with hopes to make people regain their composure. Nisa's remarks and a series of questions from the audience displayed that Loki didn't really have any actual policies or plan to run the country. The next day, when the elections were carried out, the support for Loki tanked, and he lost the election.
Loki spoke to Contreras later, remarking that his plan all along may have been to help her become a rising star as a reporter who exposed bad politicians, an idea which Contreras was somewhat skeptical towards. They then parted on somewhat friendly terms. However, as he flew away, he was shown talking on the phone to one of the rival candidates. He had actually been in a secret deal with them all along to cause a split in the votes by running and then conceding, thus helping even out the votes a bit more and give them a better chance to win the election. The candidate he spoke to presumably granted a reward to Loki, which he expressed he was most pleased with. He then officially conceded the political race.
Loki would next turn his attention in gathering the Infinity Stones. He first paid the Gardener a visit, and drove him mad in an attempt to get him to divulge the location of the Soul Stone, which he didn't know. Loki subsequently assembled a group of dwarf Frost Giants, the Black Ice Bersekers, and manipulated them into attacking a S.H.I.E.L.D. storage facility which contained the Space Stone, but they failed their mission. When the Guardians of the Galaxy visited Earth seeking help to search for the Infinity Stones, Loki prevented them from meeting Cable by impersonating him, discovering they hadn't acquired any of the Stones yet in the process.
Being aware of the upcoming threats that would menace the Earth, Loki determined that the Sorcerer Supreme Doctor Strange wasn't ready for these challenges. As part of a ploy to help Strange prepare and push his boundaries, Loki cast an illusion to trick Strange into believing the Vishanti had decided to bequeath the mantle to him during a magical tournament for the possession of the title. Strange subsequently handed over to Loki his magical possessions, namely the Sanctum Sanctorum. Loki also repaired the Cloak of Levitation using Asgardian thread he spun himself months after it was torn to pieces by the Imperator.
While being the Sorcerer Supreme, Loki began obsessing over a spell known as the Exile of Singhsoon, which would transfer all the magic on Earth to him. Since magic was striving to flourish following the Imperator's near purge of it, Loki's intention was to use the spell's power to jump-start magic itself and at least temporarily fix the damage done to it by the Empirikul. Doctor Strange had locked the spell away inside the soul of Zelma Stanton, his apprentice, and not only feared Loki would use the spell for sinister motives, but also that he could kill Zelma trying to excise it from her. Stephen's first attempt at stopping Loki resulted in the accidental death of his talking pet dog Bats. In order to stop Loki, Stephen joined forces with Wong and the Sentry. After becoming empowered by Yggdrasill, Strange and Loki battled until Zelma revoked their magic for three minutes; however, Loki was still a god, allowing him to overpower Strange physically until he relented. Strange unleashed the Void instead, the entity that had killed Loki's previous incarnation.
The Void goaded Loki by revealing the location of the Exile of Singhsoon, prompting him to take the spell and immediately use it to bring all magic into himself. After separating Strange from the Void, Loki brought back magic as he had intended, and joined forces with Strange and the Sentry to recapture the Void. After Zelma angrily forced Loki to reveal that his stint as Sorcerer Supreme had been a ploy, he explained his intentions, and determined he had succeeded since Strange had learned to break the rules. Loki relinquished his role as Sorcerer Supreme back to Strange. As he was apologizing for Bats' death and explaining that he had been trying to remedy the situation by bringing him back as a ghost, Loki was abruptly teleported to an unknown, but unpleasant location by Stephen.
Having recalled a story he had learned during his previous incarnation's childhood involving Odin's fight against the Dark Celestial Zgreb a millennia ago, Loki unearthed the fallen Celestial and freed it from its confinement deep beneath the Earth's surface. After summoning Zgreb's fellow Dark Celestials, Loki facilitated their arrival to Earth in order to purge the planet, arguing the Earth was ridden with a disease brought about by an agonizing Celestial named the Progenitor four billion years ago. Infected by the Horde, the Progenitor fell on Earth and died. Loki claimed the percolation of the Progenitor's ill-ridden fluids through the planet's primeval surface forever altered the Earth's evolutionary trajectory, and constituted the primordial cause for the emergence of superhuman beings once humanity existed.
The Dark Celestials were confronted by a group of heroes reluctant to work together despite their shared past as Avengers. After Loki revealed himself as the facilitator of the Dark Celestial's arrival,Captain America attempted to use Omega-Level Warp Grenades to teleport the invaders to the Sun. The plan failed, and Loki and the Dark Celestials returned to Earth. While the Dark Celestials made preparations for Earth's destruction, which included awakening a dormant infestation of Horde creatures on the planet's core, Loki disclosed to Captain America the secret past of the planet. The heroes eventually managed to work together to take a final stand against the Dark Celestials before they destroyed the planet. They emerged victorious and took down the invaders as well as the Horde, with Loki being apprehended in the final battle. Despite the apparent thwarting of his plan, Loki beamed with pride as he welcomed back the Avengers to action. He was then taken away by the Celestials to be punished for what he done, but he was able to escape thanks to the aid of a Phoenix Force-possessed Wolverine.
One day, Loki looked through Asgardian texts kept in Omnipotence City about him and became upset that none of the stories ended well for him. The tombkeeper Flowa recalled a certain story and showed Loki it, but most of the pages were ripped out. All that Flowa remembered about the story was that it involved the God Quarry. Intrigued, Loki decided he wanted to go there and invited Flowa to come with him, which she accepted.
After Loki and Flowa arrived at the God Quarry and witnessed the Coven burst into flames, they encountered an alternate reality Loki who wielded both his universe's Mjolnir and Infinity Stones. After the alternate Loki mentioned an "original universe", Loki stated that he needed the Infinity Stones.
Loki later approached Gamora who had claimed all the Infinity Stones after defeating the Infinity Watch and their allies and offered his counsel. Loki and Gamora talked about the God Quarry. Gamora decided to go the God Quarry to investigate what laid beneath it. Loki wanted to accompany her, but Gamora banished Loki to Warp World, a pocket dimension inside the Soul Stone she created by folding the universe in half and merging those halves together.
Not giving up, Loki assembled a team to aid him fight Gamora and save the universe. Finding duplicates of the Infinity Stones Gamora unintentionally created when she created Warp World, Loki and his team escape the Soul Stone and confront Gamora, who had attempted and failed to enter the realm below the Quarry of Creation. Loki's team defeated Gamora, but they were then tricked by Loki who used his sorcery to take Gamora's Infinity Stones. Loki banished Gamora into Soul World and traveled into the realm below the Quarry of Creation to investigate the forces that manipulated his destiny. Loki discovered that the Infinity Stones didn't work in the dimension and that the realm was the home of numerous Celestials.
Loki was allowed by a Celestial to glimpse his future. After learning that his future wasn't what he had wanted, he laughed and accepted his fate. He then went back up to the Quarry of Creation and returned the Infinity Stones to the Cosmic Avengers so they could restore the universe while he returned to Omnipotence City with Flowa.
God of Nothing
Having always intended to betray the Dark Council, Loki turned against Laufey during the Dark Council's assault on Midgard in order to save Freyja from his clutches. In retaliation, Laufey devoured Loki. While struggling to survive digestion inside Laufey's stomach, Loki looked back on key events on his life and met past and future incarnations of himself. He discovered that a war his past self had instigated had led to Malekith becoming a villain, thus indirectly causing the War of the Realms. He expressed remorse over what he had done in the past and what he had become and swore not to become like King Loki.
During the final battle of the War of the Realms, Loki carved his way out of his fathers insides using Heimdall's sword, Hofund, barely holding himself together with magic. With Laufey dead, Loki returned to Jotunheim to inherit the throne while Thor became the All-Father of Asgard after being handed over the title by Odin. Reluctant to take up the responsibilities of a king and bored by his new circumstances, Loki neglected his royal duties, spending most of his time in Midgard. In an attempt to comfort Loki, Thor took him to the Halls of All-Knowing and shared with him the previously-restricted Books of Loki, a single tome that prophesied a long and peaceful life for Loki, in which he was no longer the God of Evil, nor Mischief, Chaos or Stories.
Two young cosmic entities, Now and Then, heeded the desire in Loki's heart to do more with his life, and took him to the House of Ideas, a place that archived the exploits of countless heroes in books. Loki struck up a deal with the children to ensure his exploits had more pages, therefore giving him more time for adventures, also granting him the ability to turn untold tales into reality by telling them. The cost for his books being rewritten into a hero's stories became the promise of an eventual hero's death. After returning to Earth from the House of Ideas with no memory of his visit, Loki was confronted Nightmare, whom he had previously fended off from Jotunhiem, and killed him.
Loki was afterwards imprisoned in the Raft, where he called Verity Willis after becoming unsure whether the memories he recalled were real. Loki shared with her a fabricated story, one in which he recovered his memories of the House of Ideas, unlocking within him the ability to consciously alter his past by telling "untold" stories that became true once relayed. Loki additionally came to a realization about his godhood and the constant struggles of his life, and proclaimed himself the God of Outcasts. Loki broke free from his cell, and invited Verity to join him in his further adventures, now that he had discovered that everything he could remember happening was real.
- Height: 4'4, (as adult) 6'0"
- Weight: 168 lbs, (as adult) 525 lbs
- Eye Color: Green
- Hair Color: Black, (as adult) Black-Grey
- Place of Birth: Jotumheim, Asgard
- Citizenship: Jotunnheim
- Education: Extensive training in the Black Arts
- Occupation: Adventurer, former God of Evil & Mischief
- Known Relatives: Sigyn (wife, deceased), Fenris Wolf, Midgard Serpent, Sleipnir, Vali Halfling, (sons), Hela, Tess Black, (Daughters), Laufey (father, deceased), Farbauti (Mother, deceased), Odin Borson (adoptive father), Frigga (adoptive mother), Balder, Hermod, Thor Odinson, Tyr (adoptive brothers), Aldrif Odinsdottir (adoptive sister), Vidar (adoptive brother, deceased), Arkin (cousin, deceased)
Powers and Abilities
Loki is the son of Frost Giants and as so is endowed with superhuman strength, speed, agility, reflexes, stamina, and durability. Loki is able to press 50 tons without magically enhancing his natural strength. Despite not usually attempting to physically challenge opponents, he is capable of overpowering strong foes, and striking with enough force to destroy a large building with one strike. He is able to dodge bullets, fight continually for up to twenty four hours before beginning to feel tired, and has a healing factor superior to any normal human. Loki possesses superhuman-durability, and is able to withstand powerful energy blasts, falls form great heights, temperature and pressure extremes, and powerful impact forces, as well as imumnity to human diseases and toxins.
He is extremely long-lived and immune to all Earthly diseases and has, after recent events, obtained immortality. This does not mean that he is immune to harm, but is denied access to Hel's dimension. He is often credited as a genius, as witnessed in the Acts of Vengeance storyline, and considered to be second only to Odin in Asgard when comparing intellect. Further more, Loki is especially skilled at persuasion and can often use this to confuse, dissuade or weaken his opponents, as well as join others to his cause. A testament to this is the fact that Loki has been allowed back into Asgard after attempting to kill Thor, and being caught doing so, nearly a hundred times. The greatest of Loki's plans is often foiled because of his obsessive need to humiliate Thor. He has admitted that instead of ruling worlds and conquering alien nations, he is bound to earth solely to torment Thor.
Loki is the most skilled magician in all of Asgard, if not in all the nine worlds. His magic is thought to be derived from two sources: his innate ability to manipulate Asgardian energy, and his vast knowledge of sorcery. The abilities Loki has shown are energy manipulation and projection, flight, teleportation, matter manipulation, the enhancing of his physical attributes, and so on. Loki can levitate objects with his mind, and this power seems devastating and chaotic in nature. He can even grant people and objects superhuman abilities, as an example, he was the one who gave the Absorbing Man his powers. He has also boosted a low telepath's power to the point where he could easily defeat Thor. Loki had projected illusions which have fooled entire cities, and even Surtur. He has telepathically contacted a Skrull deep in space while he himself was imprisoned. He has changed clouds into dragons, and a car into ice cream. Loki can also add his powers to another's, and has done so with Thor and the Silver Surfer. There is virtually no limit to the things he can accomplish through magic. His magic, however, is believed to be slightly weaker on Earth, as the Asgardians all become weaker on Earth.
In addition to his innate powers, Loki has several magical items at his disposal. This includes but is not limited to a scrying pool, the norn stones, magical whip, a special fire sword and a dagger which is equal to Mjolnir. At times he will call upon these items to assist him in battle, though only the norn stones and fire-sword seem to have made an appearance since the 80s.
He currently makes extensive use of the Sword of Truth known as Gram. It previously belonged to the Asgardian Sigurd, and it forces anyone it is used on to tell the truth.
Ultimate Universe (Earth-1610)
Half-brother to Thor, Blader and son of Odin. Hailing form Asgard, Loki was born to the Norse god-king Odin and the Queen of the Frost Giants as part of a peace treaty between Asgard and Jottunheim. As such, even though Loki fought alongside his brothers Balder and Thor as part of the 'Warriors Three' he was also half brother to the Frost Giant Prince Mammon and thus was torn between his loyalty to his father versus his loyalty to his mother. Growing up in Asgard, Loki became known as the God of Mischief for his pranks and trickster nature, Balder though, rather viewed his brother as a Grim figure tied to his conviction that Ragnarok would occur. As one of the sons of Odin, Loki fought for Asgard during the war against Jottunheim, though following Asgard's victory he himself made clear that his initial aims of mischief and bringing about Ragnarok were now his primary objectives. As such, he eventually stole the Norn Stones to please his mother, murdering Balder in the process (an act for which Loki was banished). However, the self appointed God of Mischief and Chaos patiently waited for an opportunity to destroy Asgard. He eventually succeeded when he posed as Baron Zemo in order to procure 100,000 SS men from the German Third Reich. With his 100,000 SS soldiers combined with an army of Frost Giants under his half-brother Mammon, Loki stormed the walls of Asgard and burned the World Tree before facing his brother Thor and father Odin. However, the trickster was outmatched and Odin, infuriated by Balder's death, imprisoned his wayward son within the 'Room with no doors'. Nevertheless, even though Asgard was destroyed, Loki remained imprisoned, brooding upon the favoritism his father Odin showed to Thor and the best means by which to disrupt his father's plans for Midgard (Earth).
Following the failed alien invasion, Loki escaped his prison and made his way to Earth to take revenge against Thor. He conspired with the Liberators to destroy the Ultimates, and start World War III per his role as God of Mischief. Reborn as a God, (whereas Thor and Balder had been reborn as mortals), Loki used his powers over reality in order to create the identity of Gunnar Golmen, the scientist brother of a delusional Thorlief Golmen (allegedly posing as Thor). The Norwegian super-soldier program and Thor's past life as Thorlief were all fabricated to make Thor appear insane and turn the Ultimates against him. Loki also used his powers to frame Captain America for the murder of Hawkeye's family. His plans culminated in the invasion of the United States, where he participated as one of the leaders. Throughout all these events, he hesitated from using his powers openly, since doing so would enable his father to find him.
Despite the careful planning of the Liberators, the Ultimates were able to turn the tables, and kill most of the Liberators and their soldiers. Faced with little alternative, Loki decided to take matters into his own hands and destroy the Ultimates himself, but before he could do so, the Scarlet Witch used her probability-powers to summon Loki's brother Thor.
Faced with his angry brother, Loki attempted to trap him in an illusion, but for unknown reasons, according to Thor, Loki's powers had begun to weaken. After surviving uninjured from a direct assault from Thor, Loki decided to simply kill Thor and all the Ultimates by summoning an army of Asgardian monsters, while battling Thor himself. At this point, Loki had lost all fear of Odin and was on the verge of killing Thor before Odin intervened. Odin sent an army of warriors of Asgard to battle the monsters and removed most of Loki's powers, making him vulnerable to Thor's hammer and presumably restoring Thor's Asgardian power. Without his powers and outmatched by Thor, Loki pleaded with his brother and ranted about how he had been merely jealous of Thor and wanted to see him fail. He also pointed out the absurdness of his manipulations and the humor in humans failing to realize it. Thor, not impressed, summoned a huge lighting bolt and banished him back to Asgard for punishment from Odin.
After the Ultimatum Wave, the Ultimates were no longer viable, but with the help of Nick Fury and Carol Danvers they reformed the group into two separate teams: the Avengers and New Ultimates. Ka-Zar and Shanna also joined the Ultimates, but suddenly an army of Asgardian beast's arrived with a girl named Amora and Loki himself, who now wore a more Earth '616' looking suit.
Still regretting his actions for the formation of the Avengers, Loki brainwashed them to wreak havoc on Earth, thus destroying their reputation as heroes. It wasn't until the young superheroes and especially Captain America, who broke the gem that Loki was using to brainwash the older heroes right as they were about to kill innocent people, was Loki stopped and defeated. For his actions, Loki was banished to limbo, with the Hulk following him, to punish him for what he had done to the heroes.
Earth X (Earth-9997)
It has been revealed through the monitoring devices of the Watcher, as well as through the eyes of Kyle Richmond, that the Asgardians of Earth-9997 are not gods, as have long been believed.
As it has been revealed, the Asgardians are really aliens who, like humanity, had been manipulated by the Celestials to be guardians of the Celestial embryo growing at the core of their planet. Like many of the species the Celestials have manipulated, this species lived long enough to evolve to the third tier of mutation. This level causes the individual to lose all definition and is defined by those around it, or its environment.
At some point the aliens whom later became the Asgardians, left their planet in a ship that was also without definition (which could have been some of their own fellow beings that were "willed" into becoming a craft for the others to travel thru space in) and eventually arrived on Earth hundreds of years ago.
They landed near a small Norse village where the town story teller, named Donnerson, who had a bad eye and lame leg and loved the myths of Asgard, was the only villager brave enough to confront these beings. He was manipulated by Mephisto (disguised as a human) to will these beings into the Asgardian people. Calling himself "Odin", he merged with his two "brothers" to fight "Surtur" and so Donnerson became Odin.
As Odin, Donnerson manipulated all the aliens into becoming the Asgardian race, and even the Asgardian realm itself. Hence, Loki was created, and existed solely on the will of Donnerson himself. However, the continued belief of Asgard amongst the people of Earth also played an important part in maintaining Asgard's definition.
In the 20th century when most of the world began to believe in Asgard as only a myth, Asgard was at risk of losing its definition. Odin originally sent his son Thor to Earth in the guise of Donald Blake to rekindle the belief in Asgard by having Thor return during a time when super human beings began appearing on Earth.
To further cement humanity's belief in Asgard, Odin allowed other beings from Asgard (specifically Loki himself) to interact with the people of Earth. It has also been said that Odin manipulated the events that caused Loki to be responsible for the original members of the Avengers to band together as yet another plan to reaffirm the existence of Asgard in the minds of mortal men.
At some point during this time, Loki had convinced Odin to teach Thor another lesson in humility and convinced the All-Father to turn Thor into a woman. Loki later cast a spell that would trap Thor in Asgard should she ever return there to tell Odin that Loki had tricked him into punishing Thor, giving Loki free reign on Earth.
Later, Loki was involved in a scheme to assassinate Dr. Stephen Strange, by Mephisto, who was manipulating Strange's long time man servant, Wong. Wong had cast a simple infatuation spell on Clea (whom he plotted to use as a tool to kill Strange), Clea fell in love with Loki due to this enchantment, and also slew Strange's mortal body with a spell which trapped his astral form in the Land of the Dead.
Loki later revealed to Captain America and Mar-Vel, that he was involved with the whole affair in order to prevent Clea and Wong from releasing the Mindless Ones into Earth's dimension. That he had involved himself so that he could also seal Dr. Strange's Sanctum Sanctorium to prevent any evil that the two betrayers might unleash upon the mortal world.
Not long after orchestrating the betrayal of Dr. Strange, Loki attacked New York with a number of Frost Giants. These giants were defeated by Thor and the Iron Avengers. Loki escaped after the battle.
After being forced to battle their friends and loved ones (including Sif and Balder) and being subject to Odin creating a new fantasy world out of Asgard, Thor and Loki were able to defeat Odin by having X-51 reveal the truth about Odin's past, and that Asgard was all a manipulation orchestrated by Donnerson and Mephisto. Thor then chopped down Yggdrasil, giving X-51 a map to travel in and out of the different realities in the multiverse without creating another divergent reality. The Asgardians, upon learning the truth about Odin and their own nature, returned to their original alien forms and left Donnerson to die in the void of space. However, they later returned and restored Asgard and Donnerson as Odin after his impassioned pleas for forgiveness.
Returning to Earth, Thor and Loki decided to choose their own destinies. Loki chose to become a hero and take on the identity of Thor and form his own team of Avengers, while the real Thor returned to his guise of Donald Blake, feeling that he could do more good as a simple mortal doctor than he could have ever done as Thor.
Later, after the death of Mephisto, and the victory on Earth, Loki gathered Ransak the Reject and Black Bolt together. There, Loki transformed himself into Thor and the trio then became a new incarnation of the Avengers.
Loki appears in the episode "The Vengeance of Loki," voiced by John Stephenson.
Loki appears in several episodes voiced by Ted Biaselli.
Loki appears in the episode "Thor the Mighty," voiced by Graham McTavish. He is shown trying to conquer Asgard by manipulating a group of Frost Giants into attacking the realm while Odin is on the verge of the Odinsleep and Thor is on Earth. Thor joins the Asgardians and defeats Loki and his army. Loki is banished to the Isle of Silence by Odin, as he knows Loki is not powerful enough to escape the prison. Later, it is revealed that Loki had manipulated several events in the episodes to draw his brother away from Asgard by posing as the Leader and ordering a heist by the Wrecking Crew and also as Balder to tell Odin of Thor's actions on Midgard. As Loki sits in his prison a green flash appears, and Amora The Enchantress along with her Executioner arrive in Loki's prison. Amora easily breaks the Isle of Silence's spell, as Loki looks around shocked. Enchantress frees Loki from the Isle and the two discuss their next moves.
Loki returns in the three-part season finale episodes "This Hostage Earth", "The Fall of Asgard", and "A Day Unlike Any Other" having conquered Asgard as well as eight of the nine realms by corrupting the Tree of Life and usurping the Odinforce from Odin while Thor was away on Midgard. In "This Hostage Earth", Loki attempts to invade Earth by having the Masters of Evil steal the Norn Stones from the sorceress Karnilla in order to transport his forces to Midgard and effortlessly conquer the planet. However, his plan fails, as the Avengers manage to destroy the stones and in the process transport themselves to each of the eight mythical realms. In "The Fall of Asgard," Thor is captured by Loki who reveals to him that he is behind everything that has happened relating to Thor's exile and the creation of the Avengers, including the super-villain prison breakout and the creation of the Masters of Evil, with Loki admitting that his initial attack on Asgard and exile in "Thor the Mighty" was simply a diversion so that Thor would not perceive Loki as a threat while on Earth. Lastly, in "A Day Unlike Any Other", Loki is shown engaging the Avengers and numerous Asgardian warriors in their last battle to stop the God of Mischief from conquering the nine realms. As such, Loki notably showcases his new found control of the Odinforce by destroying Captain America's shield and fighting Iron Man in his Thor-buster Armor to a standstill. However, Loki loses control of the Odinforce and almost brings about Ragnarok, but is stopped when Ant-Man disconnects him from the Tree of Life, allowing Odin to regain consciousness and banish Loki to a place far worse than the Isle of Silence. Despite his defeat, Loki pledges to Odin and the Avengers that he will never stop trying to conquer Asgard and that Odin will suffer a thousand times worse for anything that he inflicts on Loki in the meantime. Loki is then shown confined to a swamp-like realm where he is tortured by a creature resembling Jormungandr, the Midgard Serpent, who drips poison into his eyes (presumably for eternity) while Loki screams hysterically at his endless torment.
Loki's final appearance is in Powerless, in which Amora visits him in his brand new prison. While Loki was in prison, Amora had formed ties with Surtur the fire demon who had granted her an immense level of power. Amora toys with Loki adding a bit of her personal flair to her conversation with him, clearly amused while watching the once powerful Loki so helpless. Loki angrily asks Amora if she had risked the wrath of his father Odin by entering his prison just to torment him. Amora, taking advantage of Loki being tied, touches his face, pushes it to the side, and mocks him. She tells him that she did not come here to torment him, in fact she thought Loki would be grateful as her mere presence was a vast improvement to the current scenery. Amora then threatens Loki by telling him that she could do whatever she pleased to him in his prison without the slightest fear of Odin's so called "wrath", and demonstrates this by pinching Loki's eye causing him to grunt in pain. Loki now began to realize that he had no choice as he was at Amora's mercy.
Amora quickly shoos the Midgard Serpent, and then tells Loki that she is here to offer him redemption for a price. Loki enthusiastically accepts as he wants revenge on his brother more than anything else. Amora does a spell that renders the Avengers powerless and summons the Destroyer Armor. She then removes Loki's spirit from his body and throws it into the armor.
Loki underestimates the Avengers, and ignores Amora's warning about the limitations of the spell. He inevitably fails when the Avenger's powers return, and his spirit returns to his original body. Amora waits for him there, and upon learning that he has failed ties his binds tighter and allows the Midgard Serpent to return to torture the Trickster. Loki pleads with Amora to release him, but Amora ignores him and leaves him there to spend eternity in his prison. She tells him that she hopes he savored his freedom, as he may never taste it again, as Loki screams.
Loki also appears in the two episodes of the series, Ultimate Spider-Man. In his first appearance, in the episode "Field Trip", he uses sorcery to transform Thor into frog, so he can take over Asgard and attack Odin while he was in the Odinsleep. Thor enlists the help of Spider-Man and his allies to beat Loki and reverse the spell. He later appears in the episode "Run Pig Run". Here, he transforms Spider-Man into a pig as revenge for defeating him, while a traditional Asgardian boar hunt takes place. With help from Thor and SHIELD, Spider-Man escapes from the hunters and Loki until sunset when the hunt ends, and Spider-Man is transformed back to normal. Upon realizing they were tricked, the Asgardian hunters then give chase to Loki.
Loki returns in the Season 3 premier, "Avenging Spider-Man," where he partners with Doctor Octopus to take revenge on Spider-Man and the Avengers. At the end of the story, Loki is cast out of Earth and attacked by a number of monsters. He is voiced by Troy Baker.
Troy Baker reprises his role in the episode "Doomstroyer. Here Loki must work with the Avengers to stop the Destroyer, which has been hijacked by Doctor Doom. Loki appears as a recurring villain throughout several other episodes.
Loki finally takes on his biggest role in the fourth season, where he is revealed to be the mastermind behind the formation of the new Cabal. After the New Avengers are able to rescue their predecessors, the heroes unite to take down Loki. They successfully stop Loki from destroying the Earth with a fleet of Worldbreaker ships, and imprison him within Avengers Tower. However, the Avengers are forced to ally with Loki against the Beyonder during the "Secret Wars" arc. Loki seemingly redeems himself, but this turns out to be a ruse, as he seeks to use the Eye of Agamotto and other mystical items to conquer all of existence. During the season finale, the Avengers are ultimately able to defeat Loki.
Thor & Loki: Blood Brothers (2011)
Loki appears in Thor & Loki: Blood Brothers, a webcomic released in 2011. In this story Loki imprisons his brother and takes over the throne of Asgard. Although at first Loki believed that he was born to be King, he quickly learns that even the King Of Asgard has his challenges. Loki's main obstacle exists in the form of a more powerful monarch known as Hela, The Queen of the Dead, who demands Loki to execute his brother and give her Thor's soul. The story then follows Loki dealing with the dilemma of whether or comply with Hela's demands.
Guardians Of The Galaxy Series (2015)
Loki appears in several episodes of Marvel's Guardians Of The Galaxy series. He is voiced by Troy Baker.
Loki appears as a villain in Season 1 trying to create a war between Asgard and Star Lord's Father's Empire. Ultimately his attempts failed and Loki started to change his ways. He only makes one minor appearance in Season 2, but then becomes a main member of the team as a hero by the end of Season 3 when Asgard is taken over by The Serpent.
He helps the heroes by guiding them to Hela's domain, and attempts to distract Hela while they steal her fragment of an ancient sword they could use to defeat The Serpent. Loki's distraction goes poorly. Instead, Hela humiliates him by forcing him to kneel before her, and then double crosses him. After the heroes prevail and defeat the Serpent, Star Lord gives Loki his medal of honor, therefore cementing him as a hero.
What If...? (2021)
Loki appears in several episodes of What If...?, with Tom Hiddleston reprising his role.
- In "What If... The World Lost its Mightiest Heroes?" Loki successfully becomes the new ruler of Asgard after a mysterious assassin kills Thor while the latter is banished to Earth. Feigning outrage, Loki invades Earth and gives Nick Fury until dawn to find Thor's killer and bring him to justice.
In "What If... Thor Were an Only Child?", Odin gives the infant Loki back to his family rather than adopting him. Loki grows up alongside his fellow Frost Giants, but becomes close friends with Thor, ironically giving them a relationship that seems less fraught than the one they shared as brothers.
- Loki appears in the Marvel Disk Wars: The Avengers anime, voiced by Tadashi Muto.
- Loki appears in the Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. episodes "For Asgard" and "Days of Future Smash: Smashguard," voiced by Troy Baker.
- Loki appears in the Marvel Future Avengers anime, voiced by again by Tadashi Muto in the Japanese version and Trevor Devall in the English dub.
Loki serves as the main antagonist in the animated direct-to-video film voiced by Graham McTavish. He attempts to bring about a new Ragnarök by bringing the Hulk to Asgard. He asks Amora The Enchantress to cast a spell to make the Hulk into his puppet and have him Fight Thor. Loki succeeds in controlling the Hulk for a very long time until he eventually defeats Thor. Loki then attempts to lift Thor's hammer Mjolnir but fails, he becomes angry which, through their connection, makes the Hulk angry. The Hulk's anger becomes so great that Loki loses control over him, allowing the Hulk break free of Loki's control and flee the battle. Loki then was punished by Thor and Odin once he was out of the Odin force.
The film details a young Thor and Loki on an adventure to find the Sword of Surtur. This is the most positive portrayal of Loki, showing him as a young boy of around fourteen or fifteen who is just beginning to learn magic and who has great love and trust for both Thor and Odin. This film also shows the only glimpse of Loki being trained in the arts of magic.
Here Loki is portrayed as mischievous but also goodhearted and naive with a loving relationship with both Thor and Odin, willing to sneak off with his brother to find adventure. During their journey through Jotunheim Loki is not affected by the cold while Thor and the warriors three are shivering hinting at his frost giant heritage.
He is also seen as more cautious and reasonable than the impulsive Thor in being afraid of the power of the Sword of Surtur and urging Thor to get rid of it. At the climax of the film he kills Algrim (Kurse: here portrayed as a trusted adviser of Odin who also blames him for the destruction of his people) with the Sword of Surtur and a hint of his darker nature is shown.
Marvel Cinematic Universe
Loki appears as a major recurring character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, portrayed by Tom Hiddleston.
Helmed by Kenneth Branagh, and produced by Marvel Studios. Loki serves as the primary antagonist for the titular character Thor, and is played by Tom Hiddleston. Through out the movie Loki's jealousy of Thor can be seen and also how he tries to be Thor's equal and win Odin's heart as the favorite son. He tries dong this by having Thor banished and having the Frost Giants attack Asgard while Odin has fallen into the Odinsleep. Loki's true plans are revealed when he kills Laufey and tries to destroy Jotunheim by using the full power of the Bifrost Bridge, but the intervention of Thor prevents it's destruction. When Loki tries to explain his actions to Odin, that he did all of this for him and the good of Asgard, the disappointed look on Odin's face causes him to lose the last hope and love he may have had within him and he falls and vanishes into what is left of Bifrost, a colourful cloud of smoke. It is later revealed that something has happened to him while he was within the Bifrost cloud and now he is even more evil. When Erik Selvig and Nick Fury are having a conversation in an unknown disclosed area, and Nick Fury shows Erik the Cosmic Cube , that is when Loki shows himself to be controlling Erik and then puts on an evil smile saying "well I guess that's worth a look."
Loki appears as the main antagonist in the Avengers film, once again played by Tom Hiddleston. After being lost somewhere in the universe at the end of Thor, Loki comes into contact with the Other and a higher power, who provides him with ancient knowledge and a new purpose along with a Scepter and an army, the Chitauri, in return for the Tesseract. Loki through his control manipulates Erik Selvig, a friend of Thor, to create a device that would be able to harness the power of the cube. Eventually Loki activates it for himself, and is transported across the realms where he is attacked by U.S. soldiers which he disperses easily. He also takes control of Agent Barton (Hawkeye), whom he uses to escape the base before its destruction. Loki, now in Germany, stages a diversion for Barton who heads a raid of a secure base in search of Iridium. During his diversion, Loki comes face to face with Captain America and Iron Man and allows himself to be captured. While being transported to SHIELD, Thor arrives to return him to Asgard which results in a battle between Iron Man, Captain America and Thor, to Loki's amusement. Now In SHIELD custody, he is placed in a containment cell that was originally designed for the Hulk. While in custody he is confronted by the Black Widow in a game of wits, where the trickster is tricked into revealing his plan to use the Hulk to cause destruction upon the Helicarrier. Barton (Hawkeye) then attacks the Helicarrier, and during Barton's attack, Loki is freed. The Hulk, per Loki's plan, goes on a rampage aboard the ship and battles with Thor. Loki then confronts and kills Agent Coulson, but before his last breath Coulson shoots Loki with an experimental weapon. Loki travels to Stark Tower where Selvig is using the energy of the Arc Reactor to power the Tesseract device, which opens a portal to the Chitauri. The portal, now fully active, allows the Chitauri to travel through and attack the Earth. During the battle, Loki is confronted by Thor in which Loki surprisingly stabs his brother. Loki gives chase to the Black Widow, but an arrow shot by Clint Barton, opens him up for an attack by the Hulk. Loki roars "Enough! I am a God, you dull creature and I will not be bullied by--" at which point the Hulk to picks him up and slams him into the floor like a rag doll again and again. Afterwards, Loki finds himself face to face with the Avengers, and accepts the drink that had been offered to him by Tony Stark immediately before the battle began. Following this he is transported back to Asgard by Thor using the Tesseract.
A year after the events of The Avengers, Loki is seen imprisoned in Asgard for his crimes. Only his mother, Frigga, communicates with Loki, providing some solace during his confinement. When Frigga is killed by one of the Dark Elves, Loki goes into a fit of rage and swears vengeance. He helps Thor and Jane get to the realm of the Dark Elves so as to find Malekith, and appears to sacrifice his life during the final battle.
However, it is revealed at the end of the film that Loki had faked his death and is now impersonating Odin.
Tom Hiddleston filmed a cameo as Loki, but it was cut from the finished movie.
Tom Hiddleston returns in the third Thor film. At the beginning of the film, Thor discovers that Loki has replaced Odin and taken over Asgard. He forces Loki to locate their father, but the two sons arrive just in time for Odin to die of natural causes. Odin's death releases Hela, the Asgardian goddess of death, who is revealed to be Odin's long-lost daughter, and thus Thor and Loki's sister. After Hela easily destroys Mjolnir by catching it when Thor throws it at her and crushing it with one hand, Thor and Loki attempt to flee, only to end up stranded on Sakaar.
Now on the planet Sakaar, Loki attempts to double cross Thor to gain favor with the Grandmaster, the planet's ruler, but is outsmarted and left behind when Thor and his friends return to Asgard. Loki manages to escape with Korg's group of revolutionaries, but chooses to return to his home to help Thor and the others stop Hela, positioning himself as Asgard's savior. After the destruction of Asgard, Loki is one of the refugees who travels with Thor to find a new home for their people.
Tom Hiddleston reprises his role once more in the third Avengers film. In the movie's opening scene, Loki and the other Asgardians have been taken prisoner by Thanos and the Black Order, who have defeated Thor. It is revealed that Thanos has come seeking the Tesseract, which Loki stole from the Asgardian treasure vault just prior to the world's destruction at Surtur's hands. Loki initially pretends not to have the Tesseract, but gives it up when Thanos begins torturing Thor. Thanos then destroys the Tesseract, revealing the Space Stone within. Loki pledges to serve the villains, offering to act as a guide on Earth. However, his offer is merely meant to distract Thanos so that Loki can get close enough to stab him with a dagger. The ploy nearly works, but Thanos is able to stop the blade by using the Space Stone. He then proceeds to violently strangle Loki to death for his treachery while a helpless Thor watches on in anguish.
Tom Hiddleston reprises his role as Loki in the fourth Avengers film. Though Loki remains dead, he is seen again when the surviving Avengers use Pym Particles to travel back in time to the year 2012, arriving in the immediate aftermath of Loki's defeat at the end of the first Avengers movie. A restrained Loki is about to be taken into custody, and Thor argues with Alexander Pierce about taking him back to Asgard. During the ensuing distraction caused by Tony Stark, Loki manages to steal the Tesseract and use it to open a portal through which he escapes. This inadvertently creates a splinter timeline where Loki was never imprisoned on Asgard and was thus presumably never killed by Thanos.
Tom Hiddleston reprises his role in a solo spin-off for the Disney+ streaming service. Taking place immediately after the events of Endgame, the series follows the alternate Loki from 2012 after he escapes from the Avengers by using the Tesseract. However, he is quickly captured by members of the Time Variance Authority, who charge him with disrupting the flow of time by trying to escape from his predestined fate. Once in custody, Loki is recruited by Mobius M. Mobius to help capture another alternate Loki who is causing havoc across the timeline and killing Time Variance Authority Agents. Loki is eventually confronted by his counterpart, who turns out to be a female version of himself called Sylvie. The two go on the run together, and eventually resolve to discover the truth behind the Time-Keepers (the supposed heads of the TVA) and prevent themselves from being erased from existence. The journey takes Loki and Sylvie to various worlds and time periods as they attempt to evade the TVA, including the Void, the place where erased timelines end up. It is there that they encounter more Loki variants from alternate timelines, including Classic Loki, Kid Loki, Boastful Loki and Alligator Loki. After battling Alioth, Loki and Sylvie journey to a castle at the end of time to confront the mysterious mastermind behind the Time Variance Authority, who they believe holds the key to their fates.
Both the Loki variants entered the castle, where they were reunited with the AI Miss Minutes, who said the castle's name was the Citadel at the End of Time, and offered them a deal from the TVA's leader, stating Loki can achieve victories where he suffered defeats in his original path and Sylvie can have a lifetime of happy memories in place of her trauma, but both refused to become pawns again. They were ultimately met by the TVA's master, who was revealed to be just a man. After surviving Sylvie's murder attempts, he then reveals his knowledge of everything that's happened and will happen, which shatters their perception of rebelling against the TVA's system. He then began elaborating on his cause for building the TVA by speaking of how his future self uncovered the Multiverse and his variants, where they peacefully joined their knowledge, until his evil variants began a conquest of the other universes, which began a war which he ended by using a creature formed from the tears in reality that could consume spacetime, Alioth, and separated his timeline from the others and putting it under his system. He then offered a deal where they could replace him, as he had gotten weary, or kill him, bringing his evil variants back into the multiverse and begin another war. With Sylvie intent on revenge, she immediately pounced on He Who Remains, but Loki stopped him, avoiding risking the consequences if the story is true. But this causes Sylvie to get paranoid, thinking he's a deceiver and power-hungry, which he rejected. Sylvie questioned his sincerity, he stated they're falling apart due to Sylvie's mistrustful nature and his untrustworthy nature. Loki is ultimately cast into the TVA headquarters, where he uncovered the change of the timeline by Kang's statue in place of the Time Keepers.
In addition to Hiddleston, the series also stars Owen Wilson as Mr. Mobius, Sophia Di Martino as Sylvie, Gugu M'Batha-Raw as Ravonna Renslayer, Wunmi Mosaku as Hunter B-15, Richard E. Grant as Classic Loki, Jack Veal as Kid Loki, DeObia Oparei as Boastful Loki, Tara Strong as Miss Minutes and Jonathan Majors as He Who Remains. The series premiered to acclaim in June 2021, and a second season was announced in July of that same year. The series also proved significant to the greater Marvel Cinematic Universe, with the finale settings up the events of What If...?, Spider-Man: No Way Home and Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness.
Marvel Ultimate Alliance
Loki appears to be a NPC boss in the game voiced by Larry Cedar. Loki was often an enemy of Thor, his brother, and allied with Dr. Doom, Ultron, Baron Mordo and Enchantress forming the Masters of Evil. When his allies attacked the the SHIELD Helicarrier and Omega Base they stole the Mutant amplifier and super solider serum which they used to create an army of bestial super soldiers which Loki later released upon Asgard along with an army of Frost Giants. Having conquered Asgard and captured several of the gods including Balder Odinson, Heimdall and Tyr he crowned himself Ruler of Asgard. While Doom put his own plans, to steal the Odinforce from Odin and become a god, into action, Loki fought a team of superheroes and tricked them by disguising himself as Col. Nick Fury and then having them help him to unlock the powerful Destroyer armor. Loki was defeated, however, when the superhero team tricked Loki into injuring him himself with the armor. When Doom was subsequently defeated Loki, for his part in the plot, was imprisoned in Asgard by Odin and punished for eternity by Odin.
During the Super Human Civil War, it was mentioned that Loki and Doom were still be being punished by Odin for his treachery, and as far as the general public is concerned, he is dead.
Marvel Ultimate Alliance 2
Thor mentions that Loki and Doom are still being punished by Odin - He is voiced by Larry Cedar.
Marvel Avengers Alliance
Loki appears in the Facebook game. His classic comic version is a major antagonist who is fought as a boss character, while a "Modern Loki" based on his movie incarnation also appears as one of the unlockable Hero characters.
Avengers: Battle for Earth
Loki appears in the game as a playable fighter.
Lego Marvel Super Heroes
Loki appears in the game as a playable character and is one of the main antagonists in the story. Loki makes his first appearance in the level "Rock up at the lock up" were he escapes from his cell in the maximum security detention center at the Raft.
He appears in the following level "Rebooted, Resuited" were he teams up with Mandarin and Alrich Killian. The trio break into Stark Tower and steal an Ark Reactor.
He then appears in "Red head detention" were he works with the Red Skull, Arnim Zola and the rest of Hydra to build a portal to Asgard (he needed the Ark Reactor the power it). He uses the portal to escape.
In "Bifrosty reception" He assumes the Asgardian throne and forges an alliance with the Frost Giants. He demonstrates his new connection to the Odinforce by summoning the Destroyer, which is then defeated. Loki escapes Asgard.
He appears in several other levels showing all the alliances he has made after his defeat in Asgard.
Loki makes his final appearance in "The Good, The Bad and The Hungry" were he controls Galactus' mind. He plans on using Galactus as a weapon. All the hero's and several villains fight against him. The heroes open a portal (possibly to the negative zone) and send them through Galactus, now free says
I bet you taste cool and minty, I believe you will make a great palate cleaner.
Loki laughs nervously asking Galactus if they could simply talk about it...
Loki is apparently rescued by Kang The Conqueror off-screen.
Loki is a playable character in the game.
Disney Infinity: Marvel Super Heroes
Loki is a playable villain in the game, with Troy Baker reprising his role from Ultimate Spider-Man. He fights by using his scepter from the Avengers movie, in addition to spellcasting and illusions. He is one of the playable villains alongside Ronan the Accuser and the Green Goblin.
Lego Marvel's Avengers
Loki appears as a playable character in the game, which adapts the events of the first Avengers movie and Thor: The Dark World.
Marvel Avengers Academy
Loki appears as a playable character in the mobile app game, voiced by Youtube personality Syndicate.
Marvel Ultimate Alliance 3: The Black Order
Loki returns in the third Ultimate Alliance game, this time voiced by Jason Spisak. This time, he is recruited as a playable character after being defeated, and helps the heroes in their quest to stop Thanos from getting the Infinity Stones.
- Loki was featured in ToyBiz's Avengers line in the 90s.
- ToyBiz released a Marvel Legends figure of Loki for the Onslaught Build-a-Figure wave.
- Bowen Designs released a Loki statue as well as a bust.
- Eaglemoss Publications included Loki in The Classic Marvel Figurine Collection.
- Loki was featured in Hasbro's Marvel Universe line as part of an Avengers box set.
- Loki was featured in Hasbro's Super Hero Squad line.
- Diamond Select released a Loki statue.
- Loki was featured in Hasbro's Mighty Muggs line.
- Hasbro released a 6-inch Loki figure for the 2011 Thor line.
- Loki was featured in Hasbro's Titan Heroes line.
- Loki was featured in Hasbro's Avengers line.
- Loki was featured in Hasbro's Marvel Mashers line.
- Loki was featured in Funko's Mystery Minis line.
- Lady Loki was featured in Hasbro's Marvel Legends line as part of the SDCC A-Force box set.
- Loki from the Disney+ show was featured as part of Hasbro's Captain America Build-a-Figure Marvel legends wave.
- Loki received numerous figures from Hasbro, based on his movie likeness. The 6" Loki figure was later rereleased as part of the international-exclusive Marvel Legends Hulkbuster wave.
- Diamond Select released a Marvel Select figure of Loki for the first Thor movie.
- Hot Toys released Loki figures for The Avengers, Thor: The Dark World and Thor: Ragnarok.
- Iron Studios released a Loki statue based on his appearance in The Avengers.
- Loki received a Marvel Legends figure for the Gladiator Hulk Build-a-Figure wave. This was based on his appearance in Thor: Ragnarok.
- Loki has been featured in Lego kits for The Avengers and Thor: Ragnarok.
- Loki has received bobbleheads from Funko's POP! line.
- Good Smile released a Loki figure for their Nendoroid line. | <urn:uuid:8bf7430a-a8fa-4f26-b842-430339bba266> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://comicvine.gamespot.com/loki/4005-4324/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.983377 | 24,360 | 2.46875 | 2 |
How do you know that your device is infected with Malware? The most common and easy to spot signs that you have some kind of Malware infection is your screen gets an increase in unwanted pop-up ads, your computer starts to run slower, your system crashes, you no longer have access to your files, data, or entire computer.
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Home Tuition in Chandigarh
Every student has their way of learning and ability to grasp concepts. Some are capable of understanding the concepts quickly while others take time. Additional support is required; here comes in the Home tuition classes in Chandigarh to help your ward perform well and excel in the future. Remember that primary education plays a crucial role in setting up the foundation of your child’s future.
As the competition is increasing at a fast pace, home tutoring has shown the way to tackle it. Even the parents these days stay busy with their jobs and have no time left to focus on their children’s studies.
No matter which subjects you want to study, the home tuition classes are available for Physics, Biology, Economics and Math’s Coaching in Chandigarh. Home tutors, also known as private tutors, are in high demand in Chandigarh.
Another reason why people prefer to take tuitions at home rather than going to local coaching centers is that latter charge high fees. Private Tuition means one to one teaching and giving special attention to the development of students academically.
Where to find the best Home Tuition Classes in Chandigarh?
With the help of these tuitions, you have the chance to get your doubts and concepts clear. To help you excel and perform better in higher grades, Find in CHD has brought you the list of verified home tutors in Chandigarh that have a thorough understanding of different subjects.
From elementary to higher secondary level, the home tutors can teach you subjects like Physics, math, chemistry, biology, economics, EVS, etc. in your comfortable space. The list shown above is made after considering reviews, fee structure, time is given, subjects taught, and experience. Get access to better education and shape a bright future for yourself.
The home tuition classes in Chandigarh are available for different boards like ICSE, CBSE, STATE board, and IGCSE. Learn without stepping out of your home and choose the timing you are comfortable with. The fee charged is dependent upon the type of selected subjects like for math its more compared to EVS. It’s up to you to opt for weekday or weekend classes. If the exams are nearby, then the private tutors can hold extra classes also.
When the schools fail to give the much-needed support to the students or they are unable to do so, the home tutors come in handy. Even the parents realized that their child’s grades improved after having learned from the teacher at home.
Benefits of Home tuition compared to local coaching classes
As the students reach Class 6th, the concepts start getting tough, and kids find it difficult to understand it quickly. Sometimes even the school education system fails to provide the individual attention needed. Generally, the teachers have to focus on 35-40 students at once, so no personal consideration.
Thus, the need for Home tutors arises, which helps to boost confidence, strengthen knowledge, and better academic results. Home tuitions in Chandigarh is far better than enrolling for coaching centers. Below we listed some major benefits:
Personalized Attention – In School, teachers have minimal time to focus on all students. In-home tutoring, the tutor has to focus on one student only for 2-3 hours. This helps to concentrate more on studies and clear doubts simultaneously.
Study at your convenience – At School, you get limited time to study due to which few weak students suffer. In one to one tutoring, you have the option to choose flexible timings, days, and learn at your own pace. Make better utilization of time.
Parents Involvement – When a teacher comes to your place to teach students, the parents feel less worried about student safety: no restrictions and fewer distractions. Whether your ward is a slow or fast learner, the private tutors pay attention to every aspect to improve overall growth.
Better Performance and Results – The home tutor can give individual attention and teach students the subjects in which they are weak. The tutor will be able to analyze the weak areas and follow creative approaches to make students quick learners. Get the required support needed to prepare for exams and tests. Study smarter and bring accolades.
Freedom and Better Relationships – After parents, the most crucial relationship is of students with the teacher. In-School, the children hesitate to ask doubts from teachers fearing insult or lack of confidence. At home, the private tutor promotes a healthy, friendly environment that strengthens their relationship and makes students comfortable to ask doubts anytime.
The stats prove that 93% of the students can perform better with the help of private home tuition in Chandigarh. Get the desired expert tutor at your doorstep now.
Why go for the best home tuition in Chandigarh?
Achieve better academic results and shape your bright future. The following points prove why what makes the private tutor services providers the best:
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As a chief information security officer, helping them define well-balanced strategies for managing risk and improving business outcomes, computer security, network security, and information security as a whole all need to be optimized for the cloud, then, networking, and Information Technology to Acceptable Use of Information Technology Resources.
Metrics can be an effective tool to measure the success of a security awareness program, and can also provide valuable information to keep the security awareness program up-to-date and effective, manufacturing sector with a focus on technology, operations, leadership, supply chain and workforce.
Patch management metrics refers to the process of measuring the progress of the product or person, licensed security officers serve in positions of public trust, build more meaningful and lasting relationships and connect with your customers across sales, customer service, marketing, communities, apps, analytics, and more using your Customer Success Platform.
Many programs attempt it, there are changes in user sentiment about the quality or usefulness of your products or concerns related to privacy and sharing, safety, security, or other factors, you are unable to manage and prioritize information to ensure users are presented with content that is interesting, useful, and relevant to them, subsequently, bots are also known as zombie computers due to ability to operate under remote direction without owners knowledge.
Effectively integrating emerging technology, public policy, and efficient operations is the most pressing challenge facing all your organization, despite the significant improvement of cyber security mechanisms, malware is still a powerful and effective tool used by hackers to compromise systems because of its considerably improved evasion ability, previously, kubernetes metrics have been excluded from any kind of stability requirements.
Establishing the right metrics is the key to any successful governance program, and it also must have the flexibility to evolve with the changing threat landscape, supporting cloud, private data center or a hybrid deployment, with the ability to deploy modules where needed to support highly available, geo-redundant operations. In summary, each organization must collect required metrics data in ways that are documented and verifiable.
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Terrorism is a brutal and violent practice, but it is also a media phenomenon. Terror is vital news: a dramatic, important story that the public needs to know about and understand. But terrorism also relies on such publicity to disrupt society, provoke fear, and demonstrate power. This problematic relationship predates digital technology. In 1999, American historian Walter Laqueur wrote:
It has been said that journalists are terrorists’ best friends, because they are willing to give terrorist operations maximum exposure. This is not to say that journalists as a group are sympathetic to terrorists, although it may appear so. It simply means that violence is news, whereas peace and harmony are not. The terrorists need the media, and the media find in terrorism all the ingredients of an exciting story.1
So what is the responsibility of journalists, who supply the oxygen of publicity? Journalism that reports, analyzes, and comments upon terror faces a challenge in creating narratives that are accurate, intelligible, and socially responsible. Many of the issues journalists face also relate to wider journalism practices, especially around breaking news and conflict journalism.2
In the last few years, this problem has become more acute and more complicated technically, practically, and ethically with the acceleration of the news cycle and the advent of social media. News events are amplified by social media, which often host the “first draft” of terror coverage. These platforms are specifically targeted by terrorists and referenced by journalists. Yet these companies often have only a short history of dealing with the political and commercial pressures many newsrooms have lived with for decades. The fear is that reporting of terror is becoming too sensationalist and simplistic in the digitally driven rush and that the role of professional journalism has been constrained and diminished. In February 2016, when the White House sought help to counterterror groups, it invited executives from Facebook, Google, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, Tumblr, and Microsoft to come up with ideas to halt the use of the internet by extremists.
This paper seeks to describe this developing situation in the context of changes in the very nature of journalism and news. It identifies trends, problems, and best practices for more constructive journalism about terror. In the first section, the paper will look at the problems facing journalism around terrorism: the increasing speed of the news cycle; new technologies and the limits on resources; the challenge of verification, definition, proportionality; and dealing with spin and propaganda.
The second section explores ways towards better reporting of terror: which systems should be in place; what language journalists should use; how journalists should judge perspective and give context in a fast-moving incident; the responsibilities of the journalist to show empathy, to demonstrate discretion, and to avoid sensationalism; and the possibility of creating narratives that show the relevance of what is happening to different communities and influence policy.
The third section will look at the role of the major platforms, especially Google, Facebook, and Twitter. What impact do they have on audiences? How do they relate to the creation of journalism about terror, especially in disseminating news? Social platforms have become part of the way the public understands and responds to terror events, but their ethical, social, and editorial responsibilities are yet to be determined. The role of the platforms is evolving significantly as they become part of the news flow. How transparent should they be about their algorithms or policies that shape the flow of content? New developments, such as live video, are creating fresh dilemmas.
Journalism has a responsibility to help society cope with the threat, reality, and consequences of terrorism. The role of independent, critical, and trustworthy journalism has never been more important. Yet, the news media has never been under such pressure economically and politically. This paper seeks to add to that pressure with a plea for better reporting. This is not just a moral or academic appeal. Unless journalism responds to the challenges that issues like terror pose, it will become less and less valued. Improving the work of journalists is central to the news media’s survival as a vital part of a modern, democratic society.
This is neither a handbook for journalism about terrorism nor a comprehensive research study. The aim of this paper is to provoke reflection and improve the diversity and quality of journalism. This paper also has a self-conscious bias towards American and European media, partly because of the importance of this issue in the current American and European electoral cycles.
- There is widespread concern that the news media is reporting terror events in a way that can spread fear and confusion. Journalists struggle with the accelerating pace of the news cycle and the complicated and diverse nature of terrorism itself. Especially in the context of breaking news, they have to adapt to the speed and complexity of information flows that are increasingly influenced by the authorities, the digital platforms, and even the terrorists themselves.
- There is a danger that news coverage can provide the publicity the terrorist seeks, as well as add to disinformation through poor verification and lack of context. Such publicity can even be seen to be helping terrorists increase their impact and make their recruitment more effective. The way journalists frame news around terror events can also reinforce prejudices and stereotypes.
- Social media amplifies the communicative scale and impact of terrorism, and it adds to the misinformation and emotional responses to terror events. Journalists using social media as a platform or a source do not always maintain the best editorial standards. Social media has changed the very nature of news around terror, for example, by providing imagery, eyewitness accounts, and live video. But it can also deceive, distort, and distract. Journalists are adapting to this new context, but there are still practical and policy problems in terms of verification and news judgment.
- Digital platforms are now where many people consume news about terrorism. They are influential in filtering information and shaping the flow of news, but they do not have the same ethos or practical capacity and experience as news organizations. They also have not yet come to fully understand their role or accepted their responsibilities in the mediation of terrorism, and are still negotiating their relationship with news media.
- Digital platforms have a special dilemma as open environments that also seek to protect their users from offense. While they provide an immense opportunity for journalists and the public to be better informed and to interact around these events, their algorithms and editing policies are still problematic.
- News media organizations need to have detailed guidelines on all aspects of terrorism coverage. They need to deal with language, significance, and context, as well as accuracy and balance. Coverage needs to be backed up by a self-conscious iterative process that allows journalists to reflect, discuss problems and best practices, and improve. Especially for those organizations that are larger or are multiplatform, these guidelines need to be communicated widely. Coordinated internal systems, including systems such as Slack, should be put in place to make sure best practices are maintained even in breaking news or developing story situations.
- Journalists need to be as transparent as possible with the audience about their sources and the limits of their knowledge. Transparency is key to trust. Social media can be a valid and important source, but it must be verified and put into context.
- News media and digital platforms need to develop better technical and editorial systems for verification and accuracy. This might include using “honest brokers” or other agencies and experts. Fact-checking needs to be central. The principle of “better right rather than first” has to be enforced across all publications or broadcasts on all platforms. Editorial management has to make sure the pressure to be fast does not threaten the audience’s right to be able to trust what is published.
- Journalists need to think harder about the way they are framing stories. The news media logic that determines how important a story is and what scale of treatment it gets is too often driven by herd mentality or repeated formulae. Journalists need to reflect on whether they treat similar stories in different places proportionally, and whether they include diverse voices and informed comments.
- News media should invest in the great opportunities for deeper reporting presented by new technologies. Not just to report faster and to more people, but to create better context and clarity. Data visualization offers the opportunity for more fact-based reporting, for example. New platforms offer creative ways to engage with different demographics. But ultimately, better journalism is about digging deeper and looking further. More constructive narratives that include empathy, resilience, and positive responses to terror should be created as part of the news coverage itself. The social impact of news coverage should be considered, not just audience numbers and the drama of the event.
- The digital platforms need to work more closely with news organizations to improve the production and distribution of trustworthy information and informed debate around terror events. They need to bring in more journalistic expertise to improve their own verification and filtering systems. They should use more “honest broker” organizations and be more transparent about their own systems. Above all, they need to accept their responsibilities as defacto editors of news about terror.
The Problem With Covering Terrorism
By its very nature, terrorism challenges normal narrative frames and processes. The basic facts themselves are often difficult to establish after a terrorist incident, much less analyze: What happened? Who did it? Why? What is the reaction of the authorities and the public? What policy or political change might it provoke? How can we report it without making it more likely to happen again?
This chapter looks at the challenges of covering terror events. Some of these are new problems, created by technological innovation or economic and political factors. Some are longstanding issues that have become much more complex in the digital environment, making good editorial practices more difficult to carry out.
Historical Coverage of Terrorism
Terrorism is always a relative term, and its application has changed over time. Former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher once labeled Nelson Mandela’s anti-apartheid African National Congress party as a “terrorist” organization before later going on to urge his release. The American extreme left-wing group the Weathermen, founded in 1969, began as an anti-imperialist group that bombed government buildings and ended up as a counter-cultural cult. The nationalist Irish Republican Army (IRA) was highly organized along military lines which Thatcher also described as terrorist, but with whom she initiated negotiations. Hamas has won elections and has a strong social service network but has also carried out attacks, including suicide bombings on civilians. The American government describes Hamas as terrorist, while others such as Turkey are prepared to treat it as a political actor in the Middle East and give it support.
Because of the term’s subjective nature, some people argue terrorism should not be used at all by journalists. But semantics are only part of the problem. For journalists, part of the challenge has always been how to reflect the perspectives of the authorities and public in their own countries. This is only made more complex with international terrorism and transnational media. For example, this year Turkey was subject to a series of attacks by different groups killing civilians. The way those narratives are framed by Western news media has not been consistent, according to Azzam Tamimi, editor in chief of the London-based Arabic channel Al Hiwar:
Whereas the Islamic State [Daesh] is considered a menace, the PKK and its affiliates are seen as legitimate actors or even freedom fighters. Few Western journalists can resist the temptation to take sides on ideological or cultural basis. The inherited fear or hate of Islam and Muslims usually manifests itself.
Terrorism has always had a symbiotic relationship with news media, one that predates the internet. Journalist and terrorism expert Jason Burke points out that those involved in violent struggle soon realized the opportunity provided by the arrival of mass media:
In 1956, the Algerian political activist and revolutionary Ramdane Abane wondered aloud if it was better to kill 10 enemies in a remote gully “when no one will talk of it” or “a single man in Algiers, which will be noted the next day” by audiences in distant countries who could influence policymakers.
As Burke writes, the same technological advances such as communications satellites which created a globalized media also gave opportunities for expanded publicity for terrorism:
In 1972, members of the Palestinian Black September group attacked Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympics, the first games to be broadcast live and the first to be the target of a terrorist attack. The cameras inevitably switched their focus from the sports to the ongoing hostage crisis.
The September 11th attacks were, of course, a watershed moment. Observing the attacks unfold in real time was a communal event, shared by tens of millions of people around the world. A report by Annenberg on journalism and terror published two years later recognized the internet had become a significant factor. It points out that the internet allowed the public to “aggregate bits of information” independently and extended “reach” for smaller media organizations. It also notes that “problematic information is now available on non-journalistic sites.”
Al-Qaeda also exemplified the way that terror organizations have become media producers as well as media subjects. Most famously, Osama bin Laden made a series of videos that allowed him to speak through the world’s media. But as Burke has chronicled, from 2005 onwards with the expansion of the internet, the Al-Qaeda network with its widespread, diffuse organization of cells and affiliates prioritized the recording of its activities and the dissemination of its propaganda online. Some of this ended up in mainstream news media, such as the video of the beheading in 2004 of the American contractor Nick Berg in Iraq.
A few years later, the transformative effect of Web 2.0 and the meteoric rise of Facebook, Twitter, and other social networks would utterly reshape that digital context. Although the core editorial concerns of the report would remain, the media landscape in which terror attacks now unfold is on a very different scale.
Terrorism in the age of instant news and social media is a “different beast,” said former BBC Global News Director Richard Sambrook in an interview. He has worked through the last three decades and insists the subject is now more complex:
Twenty years ago reporting terror was simpler. You knew who had done it. A car bomb goes off outside Harrods, and the IRA communicate directly with code words. The police would know. The issues were more straightforward, and you knew who you were dealing with. Now it’s much more complicated. Terrorism is a different beast, and the fact that it is networked or that it is more likely to be indigenous raises a raft of issues.3
ISIS again raises the problem of how journalists define terror events. Acts committed in the name of ISIS don’t always have clear links with the core organization, and claims of responsibility are more tenuous. This amorphous form of terrorism raises the question of what other violent, ideologically motivated attacks on innocent civilians—designed to gain publicity for a cause and to create fear and reaction—fall under the label of terror. The 2016 attack on the gay nightclub in Orlando, the 2015 shootings in San Bernardino, and the 2016 Munich shopping center shooting were all very different kinds of events described as “terrorism” at some point. If we give a name to one incident, why not another?
The Challenging New Context For the Journalist and Audience
Social platforms are increasingly the place where terrorism is reported first. From ISIS beheadings to video from inside the Bataclan Paris nightclub, these sites are a key news player, sometimes shaping coverage.
There has been a fundamental shift, from news media having control over the flow of information to a more distributed set of sources and platforms. The journalist is no longer the primary gatekeeper. Today’s audiences have vastly more immediate and direct access to a greater volume of material and variety of sources online. The public can get information directly from other citizens, the authorities, or even terrorists themselves. The relative ease with which the news media are able to report events quickly and graphically—thanks to digital technology—means that audiences often report they feel overwhelmed and even repulsed by the onslaught of “bad news” events.
Around terror events, live broadcasting, and particularly television, remains the dominant news information source for a majority of the media-consuming public. However, over the last decade, those reports are becoming more reliant on social media. Coverage of the London bombings in 2005 featured grainy mobile phone video of survivors walking away from the wrecked train carriages down underground tunnels. In the wake of that, the BBC set up a user-generated content (UGC) hub specifically to gather and verify content created by citizens for use in its news.4 By the attacks in Mumbai in 2008, journalists were able to find imagery and information from citizen photography sites such as Flickr and the 900 tweets published every minute. Traditional news distribution agencies such as Reuters became clearing houses for UGC. AP appointed its first social media editor in 2012.
In 2016, the first phase of broadcast coverage of the attacks in urban centers such as Paris, Brussels, Munich, and Ankara was dominated by both video and stills harvested from social media. ABC News’s International Managing Editor Jon Williams, who has been making broadcast news for more than 30 years, points out that this is an historical change in the visibility of news events:
Clearly in the 1970s and 80s very often incidents would happen without pictures. In 1996 the only imagery of the IRA Manchester bombing came from CCTV some time after the event. Today there would be any number of people recording that on cellphones and inundating social media with it in real time.5
New technologies also provide opportunities for other kinds of enhanced visual input such as the live Google Map created by one journalist during the Mumbai attacks. The arrival of live video on social networks means that the citizen (as well as the journalist and terrorist) can become a social network broadcaster. As discussed in the second and third sections, this immediate streamed access creates editorial issues for news organizations and ethical problems for the platforms themselves. At the moment, their use around terror incidents is sporadic but becoming more common.
Social media networks also mean terror news intrudes directly into our intimate media sphere. The same profiles we use for personal content or the consumption of entertainment, routine information, and social exchange are now a space filled with dramatic and shocking images and messages. News is increasingly consumed on mobile devices and smartphones, making the news part our personal, socially connected lives. In their interaction with media, it is not surprisingly that people react more personally, emotionally, and instantly than ever before.6
Framing the Narrative: Definitions of “Terrorism”
There is enormous pressure with a major breaking story to come up with a fresh line amidst the surge of information. Audience expectations of instant reportage combined with the increasing market competition add to that need for journalists to work quickly and at the limits of their abilities and resources. This rush to certainty can lead to false leads from mainstream as well as social media. Journalists and audiences inevitably seek to fit terrorist incidents into a pattern. This is exacerbated by group think among journalists, especially on social media. In the race to publish and in the midst of a dangerous situation it is difficult to maintain a critical attitude to those dispensing authoritative information.
One manifestation of this is the expert commentator, who is often chosen as much for their closeness to a TV studio as for their relevant insights. Live broadcasters are developing a language that relativizes its statements: “this is what is being reported,” “this is what we are being told,” “reports on social media suggest.” The danger is the audience does not understand the precise nature of the qualifications involved.
Adding qualifiers such as “appears to be” or “potential” to “terrorism” is highly risky in a breaking news story. “Terrorism” has traditionally been seen as an external threat, such as 9/11, but as the London Bombings of 2005 and many of the incidents of 2016 show, there are “home-grown” terrorists who draw upon international networks as well as “domestic” terrorists with a local or national agenda. Individuals who carry out terror attacks are not necessarily a “lone wolf.” Someone with mental health issues might also be a terrorist. The descriptions are rarely clear. Section two makes the case for greater reflection on terminology and sets out some principles.
One option is to never use the word. Al Jazeera English made it clear that its journalists should not use the term, along with others such as “jihadist.” BBC guidelines do not ban the use of the term, but admit it is problematic:
The word “terrorist” itself can be a barrier rather than an aid to understanding. We should convey to our audience the full consequences of the act by describing what happened. We should use words which specifically describe the perpetrator such as “bomber,” “attacker,” “gunman,” “kidnapper,” “insurgent,” and “militant.” We should not adopt other people’s language as our own; our responsibility is to remain objective and report in ways that enable our audiences to make their own assessments about who is doing what to whom.
This approach has not changed significantly in principle in response to recent developments in terrorism or media technology.
ABC News in America has a similar approach. International Managing Editor Jon Williams says their journalists should not use the word “terrorism” except when quoting other people:
Words matter. We would not have described [the 2016 London Russell Square stabbing] as a “potential terror incident.” We would just describe it as a stabbing and have put it in the context of other incidents. Our modus operandi is to do what it says on the tin. We would wait to see how someone [in authority] characterized it. With the San Bernardino incident our assumption was that with the prevalence of mass shootings in America we should assume it’s just a shooting. It began as a workplace shooting but came into the context of people who had been radicalized but it still requires someone to characterize it as “domestic” terror or “inspired by ISIS.”7
As Sambrook points out, deciding whether to use the word “terror” is only part of the problem:
I think it’s a bit of a cop out to simply say you won’t use the word “terror” or “terrorism.” There are some actions to which that term will apply. I think there is a neat way through this. Simply describe what has happened and report what people have said. Recent incidents have shown how many factors are potentially involved. Is the killer suffering from mental illness, or if he shouts “Alluha Akbar” does that make it a Jihadist? In the end report what has happened and what people say and let the viewer draw their own conclusions 8
Above all, the growth of terrorists ascribing a religious motivation to their actions has raised fresh dangers of associating neutral words such as Islamic or Muslim with terrorism. While the terrorist may make religious claims, there is no reason for journalists to treat that uncritically.
Avoiding Harm: The News Media’s Relationship to Terrorism
Terrorists are now media producers themselves. Anders Breivik was acutely conscious of the role the media would have in promoting his beliefs. He sent a 1,500-word manifesto to more than a thousand people just before his first bomb went off. ISIS has an extensive media production capacity, creating videos and articles that are distributed through highly-developed social media activities. They use the kidnapped British journalist John Cantlie as a subject of their videos and then as a presenter. Much of the material is English-language targeted at potential sympathizers or recruits online internationally. To tell the story of what the terrorist is thinking, saying, and doing it is often useful to use this material. But the danger is that even in a critical context this effectively relays and amplifies the terrorist’s message. As Erica Chenoweth explains:
What’s important is that the imitative effects of mass shootings and terror attacks may not be unrelated to one another. The blurry distinction between what constitutes mass shootings versus acts of terror means that, functionally, those motivated to obtain notoriety or political power through graphic violence may not really care whether their competitors are “terrorists,” “shooters” or something else.
There is always a danger of media giving terrorists details about security operations that help them improve their work. This is particularly relevant in the midst of a terrorist operation. Live video or pictures of a scene may endanger security forces or hamper their work. It is essential that, when the public is at risk, the news media works closely with security officials.
There is also a wider problem that those authorities, especially politicians, frame their commentary on terror events to suit their own interests. Journalists have an obligation to report what powerful people say—but they do not have an obligation to replicate their perspective. As British journalist and former London Times editor Simon Jenkins argues, politicians have their own agendas:
To the media, terrorism is meat and drink. To politicians, it is an opportunity to flex muscles, brandish guns, boast revenge. Talk of war adds ten points to an approval rating. It saved George Bush as it is now saving France’s François Hollande. Counter-terror theory may advise caution and an emphasis on normality. Political necessity counsels the opposite; the trumpets and drums of battle. It requires the terrorist’s deeds to be amplified, headlined, exaggerated to justify a warlike response.
The sheer volume of terror news may make further attacks more likely. Michael Jetter, a professor at the School of Economics and Finance at Universidad EAFIT in Medellín, Colombia argues that increased coverage of terror attacks correlates to an increase in their frequency.9 He also argues that terror tactics that have greater media impact, such as suicide bombings, could lead to their increased popularity. The French political philosopher and expert on the causes of terror Olivier Roy argues that media coverage helps extremist organizations in recruiting and mobilizing terrorists. He says that the framing of terror events by politicians and the media “valorizes the up rootedness of uprooted people” and provides them with a sense of belonging and meaning.
Language is critical because the public make judgments about risk based on the terminology involved. Just because something creates “terror” does not make it a “terrorist” event. This Daily Mail Online headline uses the word “terror’—but the sub-head makes it clear that it was not “terror-related’:
At what point does a “hate crime” such as the Charleston church shooting become categorized as “terrorism”? Breivik had active links with extreme right-wing groups and used his actions to promote his anti-Islamic, anti-liberal ideology. His convictions included “terrorism.” However, in the media, he was most often referred to as a mass murderer or mass killer, not a terrorist. Likewise, Ali Sonboly, the 2016 Munich shooter was described by police as “inspired” by Breivik, but they said the incident was not “terror-related.” Sonboly had been receiving psychiatric treatment, raising the definitional problem around terror and mental health. In considering the mix of motives, it does seem that mainstream media has a propensity to describe events as “terror” if they have some element of jihadist or Islamist ideological ingredient.
Even if a recognized terrorist organization does claim responsibility, journalists may need to fine-tune the language. There was evidence that the 2016 Wurzburg train attacker was “inspired” by ISIS propaganda rather than controlled by them, yet ISIS still claimed it as part of their campaign in Europe. The Ansbach bomber Mohammed Daleel had stronger links to ISIS including a propaganda video he made pledging allegiance to the ISIS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. His preparation for the bombing was more sophisticated and planned. Does that make him more of a terrorist? What significance should journalists have given to the fact that several of this summer’s German attackers were asylum seekers or refugees? As soon as perpetrators are identified with a minority group, the danger is that community will be impugned in a way that does not happen when perpetrators are seen to be from the majority population. In a political environment where in many regions there are tensions over ethnic identity, immigration, and cultural values, it is even more important that the news media does not make unqualified connections between race, religion, and terror acts.
Verification and Transparency
There are some obvious problems created by this new engagement from the audience on terror events. There is a great deal of misleading or false audience-created content, much of it highly reactive and subjective, and there is an increasing number of fake news sites that deliberately spread this content to attract traffic. Social networks are somewhat self-correcting and are moderated, but this can be delayed—by which time falsehoods or false impressions have spread, uncorrected.
A missing student Sunil Tripathi was named on Reddit in the wake of the Boston Marathon bombing in 2013, leading to a manhunt before police were able to rule him out. But in that four-hour period many journalists disseminated the rumor on their own social media accounts. They appeared to accept a lower standard of verification then they would have done for publication on their regular news channels or sites.
The primary function of journalism is still to get facts right. The volume of social media content and the fact that some of it is inaccurate or misleading should not make professional journalists complacent. News media content is now blended into the audience’s news feeds and audiences often do not discriminate between “amateur” and “official” or journalistic content online. Research shows that on social media people trust their peers as much as the news media (although that includes their peers sharing news media content).10
In this context, it is even more important that the news media distinguish itself by providing reliable information. Statistics show mainstream journalists are still trusted to varying degrees, depending to the medium, the user’s age, and the perceived partisanship of the news brand. One of the key variables is their perception of the accuracy and impartiality of the journalism.11 Verification of facts and the correct expression of “what we know to be true” is under enormous pressure as breaking news accelerates.
As discussed in the next section, editorial guidelines at most major news organizations have since been revised to make it clear that the same standards must apply to gathering material from or posting material on social media.
Better Terror Reporting
This chapter will identify how news organizations are best able to address the challenges set out in reporting on terrorism.
Reshaping the Newsroom
New skills are needed to understand user-generated imagery from social networks, terrorist propaganda on specialist websites (often not English language), government or security communications, expert and academic analysis/research blogs and websites, local, specialist, international, and foreign language news media organizations, aggregators, bots and campaign groups.
Yet a guiding philosophy through this complex network of information should be simple: Only report as facts what you know to be true. We can put aside philosophical debates over truth and focus on the journalistic process of identifying some kind of evidence-related process that gives us the best, most reliable account of who, what, where, when, and why.
The newsroom will always be core to this process: its resources, task management, technologies, skills, and infrastructure. Increasingly the larger broadcasters such as CNN and the BBC are the ones that have extensive online operations with the capacity to cope with the full range of sources and platforms. Legacy newspaper operations such as The Guardian and The New York Times have developed processes such as live blogs where they too are able to exploit and showcase a greater number of sources. At the same time, local news organizations have the advantage of intimately knowing their area, and are often able to keep ahead of their larger rivals as news breaks. Other specialist media, such as the nonprofit Conflict News Twitter account, act as aggregators, filtering information online.
Some news organizations such as The Wall Street Journal and the UK’s ITN have outsourced some of their newsgathering to agencies such as Storyful, which have highly developed expertise in verifying imagery, video, messages, and other data from social networks. “Real-time information discovery company” Dataminr specializes in scouring Twitter and its analytics for breaking stories including the first news alert on the death of Osama bin Laden. Banjo has developed software that allows it to monitor geo-located social media activity globally and provide news alerts to its media partners, including American Sinclair Broadcast Group. These companies often have commercial as well as news media clients and they do not claim to be journalism agencies. But they are engines for online discovery that can spot stories before newsrooms.
First Draft News is another coalition of organizations that provides verification insights, training, information, techniques, and research. There are also individual small-scale operations that focus on particular areas or issues, such as Bellingcat which its founder Elliot Higgins describes as “by and for citizen investigative journalists.” It has developed sophisticated forensic data-analysis tools and techniques to provide deeper information in the wake of events. The European Journalism Centre (EJC) has produced a Verification Handbook that gives detailed guidance on how this can work in emergency situations such as terror attacks.
Organizations such as First Draft and the EJC demonstrate the processes that journalists can adopt if they have the time and will to do so. The key is to have a set of guidelines related to breaking news and terror that can form the basis for newsroom culture, standards, and practice. Different news brands will make their own calculations about how to implement best practices universally across an organization. CNN and BuzzFeed use the internal messaging system Slack, for example, to ensure that all staff on all platforms are getting the same guidance as news breaks.
Getting To the Truth
CNN took a serious reputational hit for its mistake in coverage of the Boston Marathon. Like almost all major news organizations, it has adopted a more effective way of reconciling the competing demands from audiences for instant news and verified information. It now has a more coordinated editorial management structure with digital platforms integrated with broadcast.
The business as well as the ethical case for journalism in a media environment so full of false, partial, or provisional information must be based on trust. Citizens now have social media feeds full of messages, often from peers not professionals, that alert them to breaking terror news. When they click onto the mainstream news media material, they expect something more reliable. Journalists cannot police the internet for truth, but as well as getting their own facts right, journalists can also have a role helping to identify fake or mistaken information on social media. This kind of “myth-busting” helps arrests the spread of false information and can educate the audience in online verification.
“Publish and be damned” is not applicable in the terror context. Samantha Barry, CNN’s Head of Social Media, said in an interview that they are aware of changing expectations of the audience, but they sometimes have to pause before publication to retain trust:
It is really important for CNN to be right not necessarily first. Audiences are more forgiving than other media people when it’s a developing story. There was one example from the Dallas police shooting when police released a video of a suspect. We didn’t put it out on digital and social because we saw questions about whether it was a suspect. The police then rowed back. We get pressure for example, from people tweeting at us when they see something on social media. This happened around the recent evacuation of JFK airport. But we only put out the story when we had something we were comfortable with what we knew for ourselves.12
Newsgathering from social media should abide by the same principles used for any other source. However, the BBC gives additional advice in its guidelines on gathering user-generated content around issues such as copyright, crediting producers, and treating the public with respect and sensitivity. Organizations such as First Draft News also have more detailed advice on verification and the treatment of contributors.
Transparency In Breaking News
News organizations will make individual mistakes of fact, taste, or framing, but it is how you handle the development of breaking news overall that matters. News organizations are desperate for audience attention. Online analytics now provide instant, live statistics on page views, engagement, and traffic, as well as the usual broadcast audience levels and share. Competition is a vital motive for journalism, and especially during breaking news, it drives newsrooms to provide a rapid response as well as more considered context. So increasingly news organizations must develop a credible grammar for provisional narratives. Donald Rumsfeld’s famous aphorism is relevant here:
There are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns—the ones we don’t know we don’t know.
Mainly through social media, but sometimes through other news media sources, the audience is now often conscious of the basic facts and “known unknowns” as news breaks, whether via social or traditional media. As Sambrook points out, social media tells people instantly that something has happened, but it cannot always explain what it is:
You get a situation like in Bangkok where we first know that something has happened because people start tweeting and then a bystander starts broadcasting pictures of the aftermath on live on Periscope [Twitter’s live stream tool]. The guy doing it literally didn’t know what he was showing and when he realized he was filming body parts he regretted it.13
As that amateur broadcast went out, viewers were able to comment and the man filming also responded, but while his actions gave the world images of this event, it could not give much insight.
This is now how news is made. There has been some kind of explosion. But we do not know what kind of explosion. One possibility at the front of people’s minds, regardless of statistical probability, is terrorism. But journalism’s key task is to find out what we don’t know.
Journalists covering breaking terror news are adapting their language and being humbler in publicly sharing their ignorance as well as their knowledge—something once unimaginable to newsroom culture. To say that something has not been confirmed is not adequate as a final narrative, but in the early stages of an incident it is as important to identify uncertain information. Authority is enhanced, not diminished, by making sources as clear and precise as possible. A general statement such as “reports on social media” is at the worse vague end of the spectrum, but if the platform and social media account is identified then that helps build a more nuanced picture. This is part of building much-needed media literacy in the audience. Detailed, continual transparency helps promote public understanding of the process of news as well as building trust in its outputs.
News organizations need to be aware that simply by reporting an emerging situation they are signaling that it is of potential significance. “We are getting reports” is not a phrase that should allow editors to suspend their usual judgment. That judgment, though, can now be more openly made.
News media institutions have intellectual and professional capital. It is good to share the caveats and conditions that are applied in the newsroom on screen. With breaking news—especially on a topic so fraught with competing and complex definitions and perspectives as terror—authority is gained not by automatic certainty but by sharing the journey towards understanding.
Using the Right Language
Journalists have to use shortcuts to compress complex realities into formats people can consume quickly. The formula of headlines, edited video, graphics and so on are part of the necessary process of simplification and communication under limited time and space. But with a complex subject like terror, precise language is vital, as Mary Hockaday, the BBC’s controller of World Service English wrote to me in an email:
The recent rapid sequence of events does challenge us about language. Terrorist, the lone wolf, the mentally ill, the loner, ISIS directed, ISIS sympathizer, ISIS inspired…. News events rush past and headlines simplify… but it’s really important we go on striving to be precise, recognize the complexity – of the people and indeed what the policy response needs to be. And use accurate, concrete language when we can rather than generalities.14
Language should be concrete and consistent. In Western media, critics say that with the post-9/11 rise in extreme violence that proclaims itself to have an Islamist motivation, there has been a tendency to reserve the term “terrorism” for only that category:
We used to use terrorist to describe all kinds of people, from Irish Catholic republicans to American Jewish radicals. But since 9/11, we’ve been using it much more swiftly in reference to Islamists. (Adam Ragusea, Slate).
Dylann Roof, the alleged perpetrator of the 2015 Charleston shooting of nine African American churchgoers was accused of a hate crime, not terrorism. Yet he had an ideological agenda and drew upon the ideas of white supremacist groups. Micah Johnson, who shot police officers in Dallas, appeared to have a strong political motive for his actions based on his anger at police shootings of black civilians. The BBC’s Director of Editorial Policy David Jordan warns against applying the term terrorist too widely:
The problem is with the word “terrorist” rather than “terrorism.” When you apply it to an individual you must do it with care and caution. In the case of the Charleston shooter he appeared to have mental health issues and political motives but was not associated with a political group that had the declared aim of using extreme violence against innocent people to achieve a specified goal. As an international news organization we increasingly find governments around the world who want to apply the label “terrorist” to anyone who opposes them and so it is important not to use it without thinking.15
As terrorism becomes more diffuse and the association of a specific act with an organization becomes harder to ascertain it becomes even more important that news organizations compare and contrast the way they use words—not just terrorism itself but also the accompanying adjectives and the assumptions they carry.
Language matters especially when it turns to metaphor. Most famously, the use of the “war on terror” metaphor should act as a warning. Its widespread deployment following the cue from the George W. Bush administration declined as mainstream media understood that actual wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and against ISIS were not working militarily. As one of the UK’s most senior judicial officials, the then Director of Public Prosecutions, Sir Ken Macdonald made clear just two years after the London Bombings, the military metaphor also boosts the terrorist’s sense of power and ignores other policy options in countering their campaigns:
London is not a battlefield. Those innocents who were murdered on July 7 2005 were not victims of war. And the men who killed them were not, as in their vanity they claimed on their ludicrous videos, “soldiers.” […] We need to be very clear about this. On the streets of London, there is no such thing as a “war on terror,” just as there can be no such things as “war on drugs.” […] The fight against terrorism on the streets of Britain is not a war. It is the prevention of crime, the enforcement of our laws and the winning of justice for those damaged by their infringement.
Labels such as “lone wolf” or “evil” resonate but have little factual meaning. Apart from sensationalizing the perpetrator, they give the sense that the individual was operating in isolation. In fact, it is difficult to find any examples of terrorists not influenced to some degree by the messaging of terror groups even if their actions were not explicitly controlled or directed.
Likewise, the distinction between mental health and terror is rarely clearcut. On the one hand, the application of the label “mental illness” is a useful indicator if supported by some authoritative assessment that helps guide the audience. The London 2016 Russell Square stabber had been receiving treatment in a psychiatric hospital, for example. But it is arguable that anyone who believes in killing innocent people for an ideological cause has a dysfunctional psychology. Mainstream news style guides do not refer to this dilemma specifically. Jordan says this is an area where guidance is still evolving:
The mental health issue regarding terror is a comparatively new problem and we are talking with other standards people to try to create guidelines. But by its nature it is complex. For example, just because someone once had treatment for a mental health problem does not mean that they are still “mentally ill. So as usual, we should avoid vague terms and only report facts.16
Language matters because it conditions the public acceptance, for example, of negotiations with extremist groups as political or military actors.
In the heat of reporting a breaking news incident such as the London Russell Square knife attack, we can see how the news media struggles to cope with these competing demands for categorization as “facts” are emerging. The attacker, Zakaria Bulhan, was arrested immediately after the incident occurred at around 10:30 p.m. on Wednesday August 3, 2016. The story broke quickly, partly through eyewitness accounts on social media. The news media initially reporting it prominently as a “possible” terrorist attack, based on police statements. By 11am the following day, the police were effectively ruling out terror. A random stabbing with one fatality by a person with a mental health problem would have been a story in its own right, but not necessarily the lead on the BBC’s flagship morning radio program Today without the terror connotation. The initial prominence of the story—and its later drop down the running order—is not necessarily a failure of journalism; it reflects the development of the story through time. At 5am as the Today program prepared to air, Assistant Commissioner Mark Rowley, from the Metropolitan Police, said:
This was a tragic incident resulting in the death of one woman and five others being injured. Early indications suggest that mental health was a factor in this horrific attack. However, we are keeping an open mind regarding the motive and terrorism remains one line of inquiry being explored.
As the editor of the BBC’s morning Today program, Jamie Angus, explains how they assessed a series of factors:
With the benefit of hindsight, we would not have given the story such prominence, but at the time it was right to treat it so seriously even though we did not have absolute confirmation that it was terrorism. When the story broke we got in extra people to prepare our morning report because the 1am statement by the police mentioned terror as a factor and they repeated that later. The genre of the attack was not clear, but it often isn’t a clear distinction between someone who is mentally ill or a Jihadist. Of course, radicalized people are often psychologically vulnerable anyway. The police had also mentioned that he was Norwegian with Somali heritage, which suggested they were considering a terror motive, too. We took our cue from the fact that such a senior officer was still mentioning the possibility of terrorism.17
Much of the pressure to publish live is driven by news breaking on social media first from “non-journalistic” sources. As one producer on a news channel says, the fear of missing out on a story surfacing on social media can lead to the temptation to cover it before significant details are confirmed:
I resisted “breaking” news of a shooting in a Spanish supermarket until we knew more. As it turned out, it was a domestic dispute. We didn’t report it at all. But my boss on the day wanted to break it because people were mentioning it on social media and he felt it “might” be something else.18
But the news media is not a tracking system for online activity. Platforms such as Facebook are increasingly a source for news for the public and can provide a great source of facts and opinion but it is highly selective. All the newsrooms spoken to for this report insist that they apply the same editorial standards to social media as to any other source. As the CNN guidelines state:
Citizen-generated reports are subject to the same strict review process that CNN applies to traditional reporting before they are included in CNN stories.
Working With Social Media
The best news media encourages interaction and listens and responds. Alex Thomson, Chief Correspondent for the UK’s Channel 4 News uses his Twitter feed to show and discuss his journalism as he gathers news. He posts smartphone footage and replies to comments. Other “traditional” international correspondents such as CNN’s Christiane Amanpour have used Facebook Live video to provide a more interactive user experience. Journalists say that while much of the feedback can be bland or unhelpful, it can help give a sense of what the public misunderstands and so encourage journalists to address those gaps.
Correspondents such as the BBC’s Matthew Price say even interacting with people who complain or are confused can be a useful way of understanding what people do not know. By correcting or responding to them you can help that individual but, of course, the message also goes out to the journalist’s wider network:
Covering the refugee crisis live from the field in its early phase, I got many comments saying that these were not real refugees because they were almost all men. So they were “just” economic migrants. I reflected on that and asked the refugees where the women and children were. They pointed out that often the men go ahead to prepare the way for their families. So although the images were of men, many were in effect, travelling ahead of their families. I then made sure to make that point on social media but also in my reporting.19
For Price, even a “mistaken” audience comment on social media can lead to better journalism.
Sometimes the public knows more than the journalist about an aspect of a story. They might have eyewitness accounts, local knowledge, or specialist insights. Social media can provide perspectives and information not available through the usual channels or sources and it can provide them quickly. Tapping into the social media of groups traditionally marginalized by mainstream media helps the journalist and the public understand the context of the extremist individuals who might draw upon those cultures. This could be the online discourse of US “alt right” activists or the social media messaging of youths in Molenbeek, the Brussels district with a high Muslim population where ISIS had text messaged locals. There is increasing evidence that those marginalized communities feel misrepresented by mainstream media. Paying attention to their online voice—albeit not always representative—can add to overall understanding for the journalist and audience.
Editors, too, should take the context of social media into account when making judgments around framing narratives. Just because posts on social media are often confused, misleading, or ill-informed does not mean they should be dismissed. This is especially true now that news coverage itself is subject to constant online critique. The Guardian’s social media editor, Martin Belam, said:
And all the time you’ve got people @-messaging you that you are doing it wrong, or serving an agenda, or displaying bias. With one tweet about the Iranian background of one of the recent attackers, the replies criticized The Guardian for being racist to even mention it, and other people criticized The Guardian for trying to suppress information that he was an ISIS fighter.
But these also raise valid points that can contribute to reflection in the newsroom about the framing of terror narratives.
Avoiding Harm, Relations with Authorities
Reporting on terror events must also be sensitive to security considerations. Journalists have a duty to report as fully as possible but in a terror-related scenario the news media has a responsibility to avoid causing harm. Journalists can legitimately not report facts if doing so would increase risks or hamper a security operation. This means responding to requests from the authorities to not report particular facts or not to show certain images. There should always be a due process within the news organization of making that decision. Ideally, the fact of any decision to restrict reporting should be reported.
During the 2004 school siege in Beslan, Chechnya, the BBC decided to go on a time delay for its live feed because of the danger of showing graphic imagery of hostages including children. During the security operation following the 2015 attacks on the Charlie Hebdo offices in Paris and the siege of a supermarket where hostages had been taken, the French broadcast regulator issued a notice to domestic newsrooms asking them to show “discretion.” Paris police on the scene told TV crews not to broadcast their officers in action. At the same time broadcasters were regulating themselves. Paris-based BFM TV chose not to broadcast the police rescue operation live. It also did not air an audio interview it recorded with the hostage-takers themselves until after the incident was over. BFM TV journalist Ruth Elkrief said it was a series of decisions they had to make for themselves in the newsroom:
It’s very difficult. We have to move fast. But are we undermining the investigation? Are we being manipulated? We’re asking ourselves these questions constantly. We had several emergency meetings during the day to debate what to do. We’re always checking ourselves.
Transparency about making those judgments helps build the understanding and confidence of the audience. Clearly, journalists cannot give a running commentary on all their editorial decisions, but a similar approach could be adopted to that when embedded with the military during conflicts, as suggested in BBC guidelines:
We should normally say if our reports are censored or monitored or if we withhold information, and explain, wherever possible, the rules under which we are operating.
Journalists have a civic duty to cooperate in the interests of public safety, but this does not mean automatically complying with police or security requests. The seizing of the laptop of BBC journalist Secunder Kermani—who had made contacts with extremists—appeared to challenge in principle the idea that journalists can ever talk to terrorists or their associates.
These judgments are hard at a practical level with breaking news. Journalists now have access to real-time live video and images of alleged participants instantly uploaded on social media. The news media should not wait for guidance before assessing whether using material might cause harm. Showing the outside of a building where an incident is taking place might, for example, give the terrorist information about deployment of security forces. Clear lines of communication with the police are vital. As one senior broadcast journalist said, there can be a moment when the natural desire to cover a breaking story clashes with security imperatives:
During recent shootings in Munich, the local police tweeted several requests that everyone refrain from speculation, and also that people stopped showing live pictures of police positions. We were doing exactly that at the time, taking live agency feeds of heavily armed cops, and staying on air by saying things like “we shouldn’t speculate but …20
For local media especially, the relationship with police can be mutually beneficial. During the Lindt Cafe siege, Channel Seven had remarkable access to police operations because they agreed to give them oversight of their picture feeds. The police were able to use the material to assess what was happening. The broadcasters in turn had to agree not to show sensitive images live, to have a time delay on their broadcast feed, and to keep some material back until the siege was over.
Not Helping the Terrorist
There is also a long-term issue about how detailed media coverage might help terrorists improve their operational effectiveness. As Javier Delgado Rivera has written, thanks to news media reports, terrorists now know how the FBI tracked the network of the San Bernardino shooters with information from their damaged cell phones. They know that French police linked one of the Paris attackers to the Brussels attacks through parking tickets. Perhaps future terrorists will be more careful:
Detailed media reporting on police investigations can inadvertently help attackers avoid past miscalculations and refine their modus operandi. Journalists would argue that their job is to protect society’s right to know. Yet in such exceptional circumstances, editors should ensure that the latest information they feed to their audience is useless to fundamentalists seeking to do harm.
This is especially important as terrorists become increasingly self-radicalized and train themselves partly through the study of previous incidents. Overall, it would be impossible for the news media not to report any circumstantial detail that could help a future terrorist, but as with the reporting of suicide, where journalists refrain from describing methods of self-killing, discretion around the depth of information on methods and countermeasures is possible.
This is part of the bigger issue about proportionality around reporting on terror, according to University of Western Australia Professor Michael Jetter:
The purpose of not reporting suicides fully is to not encourage copycats. What German newspapers are doing is they’re blowing it up so much that everybody who is seeking attention is really given the signal that, “I will be famous.” That is very likely a reason why you see so many more of those things. It’s a scary development and I do think they need to think about how they cover things.
As we have seen there are many reasons that journalists might decide to withhold facts or material. This can vary due to the news brand’s ethos and their audience culture. British broadcasters now rarely show ISIS propaganda videos, although there is no blanket ban. But when ISIS made a video of a four-year-old British child apparently blowing up a car with captives inside, the Sun newspaper ran the image as its front page: “Junior Jihadi” and the New York Post even ran the story with a slide show of “terrorist photos that made us gag.” The coverage was clearly hostile, but it was the kind of publicity ISIS sought. A few months later ISIS released videos showing children executing prisoners. The BBC’s Jordan said they chose not to show the images partly because of the issue of consent with a minor, but also because they did not want to help ISIS:
It was perfectly possible to tell that story without using the pictures. The danger is that by showing it there becomes a kind of diminishing return for the terrorist so the next time they have to create something even more outrageous. Arguably, if people had not published those images in the first instance then ISIS would not have made more. This is partly why we don’t show propaganda videos unless there is a serious news reason to do so.21
The counter argument is that to understand the full horror of terrorism, it is vital to show what they do in full detail. Yet, in a world where just about everything is available online it is difficult to argue that the public is being denied information. In the end, it is a decision that should be thought through by the individual organizations in relation to specific events.
By reporting on a terror event, research suggests that we make another one more likely.22 So it is important that the scale of reporting as well as its content is considered. The drama and danger combined with the ideological threat and human impact create a compelling narrative cocktail. For The Guardian, the 2015 Paris attacks saw more unique visits to its website than any event in its history bar one—the extraordinary story of Britain voting to leave the European Union. The increasing proximity of terror attacks to our everyday lives adds to their fascination and immediacy. The prominence given in terms of duration and visibility of reporting on terrorism sends a strong signal to the audience. Judgment on this is not a science, but journalists need to consider external perspectives as well as the temptation of “going big” on a particular incident.
There was a lively debate in the wake of the Paris and Brussels attacks comparing the coverage of those incidents with similar incidents in places like Beirut and Ankara. These events were reported in the Western media but not to the same extent. Journalists explained that many of the complaints on social media about this were inaccurate and suggested critics were trying to score political points and demonstrate their own ethical virtue. Journalists point out that even when reported, the coverage attracted far less interest from the public. This is partly because overall audiences will always respond more to news that has relevance to their own lives and for a Western audience, the French and Belgian attacks were on people and a society that the majority population could identify with more readily. ABC’s Jon Williams explains:
Our first responsibility is to the audience, and we have a US audience. For them a bomb in Paris is a bigger deal than Baghdad. They visit Paris, they know and care more about France. That’s not to say we don’t cover the Iraq incident but we will generally tell stories that connect with our audience. In the same way an earthquake in Italy is more important than the same deaths in Sumatra because these places speak to Americans in a way that others don’t. It’s different if you are a global broadcaster is like the BBC with a less defined idea of the audience—but our audience is in the USA.23
He also points out that the attacks in Europe this summer were significant because they represented a change in strategy by ISIS. They also raised fresh questions about community relations in those countries and the military/political strategy of governments in domestic and foreign policy areas.
The recent American terror events were also qualitatively different. The San Bernardino attacks were by “home-grown” extremists radicalized by online jihadist propaganda. The Orlando nightclub shooting was claimed by ISIS as inspired by them, although it seems the perpetrator was also driven by homophobia. Likewise, the Dallas police shooting challenged the usual frame of “terror” but it clearly had ideological motives, was connected to extremist groups, and sought to spread fear.
Journalists should always be reflecting on their editorial judgments and the quality of their coverage. Reporting by Western media of the European and American attacks tended to focus more on the victims. It used more emotive, compassionate, and outraged language. It stressed the surprise of the attacks, while the incidents in Lebanon, for example, were framed as just another tragedy in a violent region. More voices and detail from non-Western incidents would help redress the tonal balance, while more foregrounding of the connections with western politics would close the interest gap, too. These are perennial concerns regarding coverage of international stories but the paradox is that it is now much easier to cover distant events in the same way as “domestic” incidents.24The extent of the discrepancy is a matter of editorial choice and effort.
Quality, Context, and Constructive Reporting
Under the pressure of limited time and resources the news media is still a powerful and efficient resource for reporting and understanding complicated and challenging incidents. As the UK Editor of BuzzFeed, Janine Gibson, points out, the large amount of information around these events can paradoxically make creating a clear narrative more difficult:
Perpetrators now leave a much wider information footprint. They leave records of their lives on social media or they make videos and write messages. Friends or witnesses provide a whole load more material to sift through. We just know more about everybody. So the picture we try to build is much more complex and hard to simplify into the usual clichés.25
The audience now expects analysis and context almost simultaneously with reporting of the facts. Social media means that there is an instant explosion of often-erroneous information that presents the journalist with an additional task, that Gibson says BuzzFeed has taken on, along with its breaking news and background coverage:
In a breaking crisis situation, we usually set up a thread for “myth-busting” that will point out fake images or correct false leads and give basic background information. People expect us to do that and they trust us to do it. We ask readers to send us things they find and we will check it out. It’s a kind of media literacy and I think young people in particular feel pride in correcting mistakes seen on social or mainstream media.26
There are individual journalists such as Rukmini Callimachi of The New York Times who write compellingly, critically, and with a large reservoir of knowledge. Her lengthy piece based on an interview with a former ISIS member, for example, provided deep information on its organization, strategy, and training of recruits who then make up its diffuse international network. Research shows that this kind of narrative, using defectors, is effective in giving credible insights into terrorist motives.
Understanding the history helps understand the resultant terror attacks. The Financial Times special feature on ISIS’s dealing in the oil market was an outstanding use of interactive graphics that showed how the terror organization was funding itself and its links with international markets. This kind of background reporting is an essential supplement to the reporting of terror events. As media researcher Arda Bilgen has written, this helps with the “desecuritization” of narratives. Instead of concentrating only on the incident, the victims, and the drama of the disruption of normal life, this kind of objective, fact-based, nonpartisan reporting helps differentiate the various terror types and provide much-needed clarity.
Collectively, news teams now deploy new tools such as data visualization, video with text, and short-form explainers to enhance audience understanding across a wide range of platforms. These platforms, such as Snapchat, can also reach different demographics. “Digitally native” news organizations have been pioneers at finding new styles for gaining attention for these difficult topics. VICE documentaries on ISIS, for example, have gained remarkable access, and their style of less mediated, less formulaic reporting allows the audience a more direct insight into their subject.
Journalism must be independent, critical, and realistic, but there is opportunity for narratives of resistance, solidarity, and compassion. This would also help a fearful or jaded public engage with the issues and generate a more positive discussion about resilience in the face of the threat and a better quality of debate around “solutions,” according to Bilgen:
Implementing certain [editorial] policies that are different than the previous failed policies can facilitate the breaking of that cycle by forcing at least one side of the equation–the media–to act in a more responsible, more conscious, and more cooperative manner. Only then starving the terrorists of the oxygen of publicity on which they depend can become possible and more robust steps can be taken to win the ideological and actual battle against terrorism.
Perhaps most urgently, it would arrest a tendency towards Islamophobia. This is a problem for society, not just the news media. As Mary Hockaday, the BBC’s controller of World Service English, points out, this can be a question of responding to those who are themselves trying to create more constructive narratives around terror:
I thought it was very interesting that the Imams who attended the funeral in Rouen were quite clear they wanted to do it and needed to do it to “show” they are different. They fully understood image matters–and didn’t complain about needing to attend to that. It’s therefore really important that we the media report the voices who appeal to better nature, to peace, who show solidarity, and the people working hard and painstakingly at counter-radicalization. Not because I’m a softy, but because these things are also true and need to be said over and over again to counter the negative.27
One example of solutions-oriented journalism broadcast in the same week as the Brussels attacks was a short news film by the BBC that looked at Mechelen, another Belgian town with a high Muslim population, that seems to have avoided any significant radicalization through a policy of “zero tolerance” policing and outreach policies. It allowed the city mayor to explain his policies in detail and got high viewing figures.
Journalism around terror events also has a role in mediating the emotional impact for the audience. There is an element of useful ritual about the creation of instant shrines at the scene of incidents, the memorial services, and the expressions of condolence. Social media and platforms now play a part in that, with special hashtags or profile flags to show solidarity. By showing this process of grieving, the news media helps communities recover from the trauma. By focusing on the victims rather than the perpetrators, journalists can bring humanity and dignity back into a narrative of destruction and fear. Samantha Barry of CNN explains:
Our audience tells us in a number of ways that they want us to focus on the victims. One of the most powerful pieces we did which achieved unprecedented levels of engagement across all platforms was when Anderson Cooper choked up reading the names of the Orlando victims. We try to be impersonal in how we report, but we are not robots. And the audience needs good news, too. Survivor stories are important as are those stories of personal courage such as the people who went back into the Bataclan nightclub to save their friends.28
Emotion used to be seen as an indulgence in hard news journalism, but when it comes to terrorism it is important to treat it as more than a commodity, especially with the advent of social media. Part of this is acknowledging the emotional impact of terrorist events on the journalist themselves.29 Anderson Cooper’s tears over the Orlando massacre run the risk of appearing too personally involved with the story. But it is possible to include feelings as part of storytelling without diluting factual and critical perspective. BuzzFeed’s Gibson says news organizations should be able to operate in different modes without compromising overall integrity:
With these events we are operating in three dimensions at the same time. We are simultaneously doing the breaking news, the analysis, and we are also sending reporters without a specific deadline to go find out what is going on—not to talk to the police but to talk to people to get the emotion behind the story. To go to vigils to talk to people to get their testimony but also to get the reasons why people were out and about in the wake of the event–seeing it from bottom up.30
Perhaps most important is to ensure that this is inclusive of the wider communities involved, be they the LBGT population of Florida or the Muslims of Europe. Humanizing terror’s victims and their communities may be the best counter-extremist measure media can provide.
Journalism, Terror, and Digital Platforms
This chapter will examine the increasingly important role of platforms such as Facebook, Google, Apple, and Twitter in providing information, connecting to journalism, and framing narratives around terror news events.
The Power of the Platforms
The major platforms are now increasingly the way the Western public accesses news about terror. Twitter, Facebook, Google, and Apple provide the infrastructure for mainstream news media to disseminate their material. Sixty-two percent of Americans now say they get news via social media. Sixty-three percent of American Twitter and Facebook users say they get news from those platforms, with Twitter especially popular for breaking news (59 percent). Facebook also owns the hugely popular social messaging apps Instagram and WhatsApp. Snapchat is increasingly used by news brands like CNN and Vice, who push content to users through Snapchat Discovery.
Platforms also aggregate news stories through Apple News, Google News, and Twitter Moments. They make deals with news organizations to feature journalism, further shaping the dissemination and consumption of news. They are also starting to provide new production tools for journalists such as livestreaming on Facebook and YouTube or through apps such as Twitter’s Periscope. Journalists have lost control over the dissemination of their work. This is a crucial challenge for the news media overall, but the issue is especially acute when it comes to reporting on terror.
The platforms provide an unprecedented resource for the public to upload, access, and share information and commentary around terror events. This is a huge opportunity for journalists to connect with a wider public. But key questions are also raised: Are social media platforms now becoming journalists and publishers by default, if not by design? How should news organizations respond to the increasing influence of platforms around terror events? Facebook is becoming dominant in the mediation of information for the public, which raises all sorts of concerns about monetization, influence, and control over how narratives around terrorist incidents are shaped.
As Guardian Editor Katharine Viner points out, we live in a world of information abundance, a world where “truth” is often harder to establish than before, partly because of social media:
Now, we are caught in a series of confusing battles between opposing forces: between truth and falsehood, fact and rumor, kindness and cruelty; between the few and the many, the connected and the alienated; between the open platform of the web as its architects envisioned it and the gated enclosures of Facebook and other social networks; between an informed public and a misguided mob.
It is in the public interest for these platforms to give people the best of news coverage at critical periods. But will that happen?
Facebook’s role in the dissemination of news is concerning because it is not an open and accountable organization. Recently, a Facebook moderator removed a story by Norwegian newspaper Aftenposten that featured the famous “napalm girl” image of a girl running from an attack during the Vietnam War. It was removed because the image violated the platform’s Community Standards on showing naked children. When Facebook deleted the image, Aftenposten’s editor accused Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg of “an abuse of power”:
I am upset, disappointed – well, in fact even afraid – of what you are about to do to a mainstay of our democratic society.
However, initially, even when the historic context of the image was pointed out along with its importance to the news story, Facebook stood by its stance:
While we recognize that this photo is iconic, it’s difficult to create a distinction between allowing a photograph of a nude child in one instance and not others.
Following a global outcry—including thousands of people posting the image on Facebook—they backed down and said they would review their policy and consult with publishers.
This case was more than a one-off failure of judgment by Facebook. It is a symptom of a systematic, structural problem. CEO Mark Zuckerberg insists that Facebook is “a tech company, not a media company….we build the tools, we do not produce any content.” Yet Facebook aggregates news, and its algorithms and moderation teams influence what news appears in people’s streams. It recently reviewed its procedures in response to fears that human editors on the trending team might have a “liberal” bias. An internal inquiry did not find evidence of bias, but it did make clear that both algorithms and human curators are making judgments in a similar way to how a news organization filters information. Other platforms that curate news content, such as YouTube, face similar issues. They may not call themselves news or media companies, but they are editors of journalism.
This is a pressing policy problem, and the platforms are eager to engage in a dialogue. Tackling this is critical to them partly because it might drag them into regulatory oversight that will limit their control over their own platforms. However, there is a fundamental clash of interests between the publishers and platforms, which makes it hard to establish such policies. News is a good way of getting people to come to their platform, but it is a relatively minor part of their business (more so for Twitter than Facebook). How the platforms deal with this in regard to terrorism is an extreme case of a wider problem, but it brings the issues into sharp focus and reminds us of what is at stake.
The Platforms and Breaking News
When two men murdered off-duty British soldier Lee Rigby in Woolwich, London, in 2013, it was a precursor of the attacks of summer 2016 in America and Europe. The attackers used the incident to promote their extremist Islamist ideologies. It provoked a limited anti-Muslim backlash, such as an attack on a mosque, two potential copycat incidents, and at least one white supremacist “revenge” attack. The British government responded by setting up an anti-extremist task force.
As Rigby was being attacked in the street, bystanders were tweeting about it. One person recorded a video of one of the attackers—with blood still on his hands—talking about why he had carried out the killing. A research project by Britain’s Economics and Social Research Council that looked at the Woolwich incident concludes that social media is the place where this kind of news breaks with important implications for “first responders.” The report also says social media is now a key driver of public understanding. This has implications for the authorities, the study states, but also for the platforms, who must consider their role in mediating the public reaction to avoid negative outcomes in terms of both further incidents and community relations.
For mainstream media, this was a test case of how to handle user-generated content in a breaking terror news situation. As The Sun Managing Editor Richard Caseby said:
This was very graphic and disturbing content. Would it only serve as propaganda fueling further outrages? These are difficult moral dilemmas played out against tight deadlines, intense competition, and a desire to be respectful to the dead and their loved ones.
The video first appeared on YouTube in full. News channels such as Sky carried the footage of Michael Adabalajo wielding a machete and ranting at onlookers. ITN obtained exclusive rights to run it on the early evening bulletin, just hours after the incident and before 9 p.m., known in the UK as the “watershed,” after which broadcasters are permitted to air adult content. Those reports, unlike the YouTube footage circulated on social media, were edited and contextualized, and warnings were given. But there were still more than 700 complaints from the public about the various broadcasts, including on radio. The UK’s broadcasting regulator Ofcom cleared the broadcasters and said their use of the material was justified, although it did have concerns about “health warnings” and published repeated guidelines.31
For the platforms, it brought up two issues. Firstly, it was through the platforms that the news broke, raising questions about their responsibility for content uploaded to their networks. Second, the incident raised a problem about the platforms’ reporting of users who post inflammatory material. This second issue emerged during the trial of the second attacker, Michael Adebowale. Adebowale had posted plans for violence on Facebook, and its automated monitoring system had closed some of his accounts. This information was not forwarded to the security services. Facebook was accused of irresponsibility, including by the then UK Prime Minister David Cameron:
If companies know that terrorist acts are being plotted, they have a moral responsibility to act. I cannot think of any reason why they would not tell the authorities.
Facebook’s standard response is that it does not comment on individual accounts but that it does act to remove content that could support terrorism. Like all platforms, it argues that it cannot compromise the privacy of its users.
The three main platforms—Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube—all have broadly similar approaches to dealing with content curation during a terror event. All have codes that make it clear they do not accept content that promotes terrorism, celebrates extreme violence, or promotes hate speech. Twitter’s stance is typical:
We are horrified by the atrocities perpetrated by extremist groups. We condemn the use of Twitter to promote terrorism and the Twitter Rules make it clear that this type of behavior, or any violent threat, is not permitted on our service.
Twitter has taken down over 125,000 accounts since 2015, mainly connected to ISIS. It has increased its moderation teams and use of automated technology such as spam-fighting bots to improve its monitoring. It collaborates with intelligence agencies and has begun a proactive program of outreach to organizations such as the Institute for Strategic Dialogue to support online counter-extremist activities.
As Twitter has stated, these platforms are in a different situation to news organizations. They are open platforms dealing with a vast amount of content that can only be filtered post-publication. They are still developing the systems to manage the problem:
There is no “magic algorithm” for identifying terrorist content on the internet, so global online platforms are forced to make challenging judgment calls based on very limited information and guidance. In spite of these challenges, we will continue to aggressively enforce our Rules in this area, and engage with authorities and other relevant organizations to find solutions to this critical issue and promote powerful counter-speech narratives.
Google says the public assumes there is a technical fix, but in practice the volume and diversity of material (40 hours of video are uploaded every minute to YouTube) make it impossible to automate a perfect system of instant policing of content. Artificial intelligence and machine learning can augment systems of community alerts. But even if a piece of content is noted, a value judgment has to be made about its status and what action to take. Should the material be removed, or a warning added?
This puts the platforms in a bind. YouTube, for instance, wants to hang onto its status as a safe harbor for material that might not be published elsewhere. When video was uploaded of the results of alleged chemical weapons attacks on rebels in Syria, YouTube had to make a judgment about their graphic nature and impact. Much of the material was uploaded by combatants, but YouTube had to make judgments about how authentic or propagandistic it was. YouTube says it generally makes such judgments case by case; in this instance, many mainstream news organizations were then able to use that material from YouTube in their own reporting.
This problem of balancing protection of the audience, security considerations, and social responsibility with privacy and free speech becomes even more acute with the arrival of new tools such as live video streaming from Facebook Live, Twitter Periscope, YouTube, and even Snapchat and Instagram. This affords ordinary citizens the opportunity of broadcasting live. Many people welcome it as an example of the opening up of media. But what happens when a terrorist like Larossi Aballa uses Facebook Live to broadcast himself after murdering a French policeman and his wife, holding their 3-year-old child hostage, broadcasting threats, and promoting ISIS? The Rigby killers relied on witnesses to broadcast them after the incident, but Aballa was live and in control of his own feed. That material was reused by news media but edited and contextualized.
There is a case for allowing virtually unfettered access that gives citizens a direct and immediate, unfiltered voice. Diamond Reynolds filmed the shooting of her boyfriend Philando Castile by a police officer in St. Paul, Minnesota, live on Facebook. The video was watched by millions, shared across social media as well as re-broadcast on news channels and websites. It attracted attention partly because it was the latest in a series of incidents where African Americans were subject to alleged police brutality. In this case, Facebook Live made a systematic injustice visible through the rapid reach of the platforms. Local police contested her version of events, but the live broadcast and the rapid spread of the video meant her narrative had a powerful impact on public perception. It was contextualized to varying degrees when re-used by news organizations, but the narrative was driven to a large extent by Reynolds and her supporters.
News organizations need to consider how to report these broadcasts and what to do with the material. Research shows varying approaches to dealing with this kind of graphic footage, even when not related to terrorism. Should news organizations include direct access to live video as part of their coverage, as they might from an affiliate or a video news agency? In principle, they all resist becoming an unedited, unfiltered platform for live video broadcasts by anyone, with no editorial control.
Emily Bell, Director of the Tow Center for Digital Journalism at Columbia’s Journalism School, points out that this reflects a difference between news organizations and the digital platforms:
When asking news journalists and executives “if you could develop something which let anyone live stream video onto your platform or website, would you?” the answer after some thought was nearly always “no.” For many publishers the risk of even leaving unmoderated comments on a website was great enough, the idea of the world self-reporting under your brand remains anathema. And the platform companies are beginning to understand why.
Media organizations are having to negotiate with the platforms about how to inhabit the same space when these dilemmas arise. Sometimes, they have to act unilaterally. For example, CNN has turned off auto play for video on its own Facebook pages around some terror events and routinely puts up warning slates for potentially disturbing content.
How the Platforms Handle Risk and Responsibility
The platforms are acting to protect users from harmful content, as well as to comply with security considerations. Facebook, for example, deactivated the account of Korryn Gaines (who was later shot and killed) during a standoff with police. A mainstream media organization might well have complied with a similar request. However, it raised questions as to why that particular action was taken, but not others. The perceived inconsistency of the platforms’ policies comes from a lack of clarity and transparency. Twitter has removed ISIS-related material, but it does not always do the same for homophobic or racist tweets. In the wake of the Dallas shooting of police officers, there was a spate of extremist messaging that Twitter struggled to moderate. The company accepts it has a problem:
We know many people believe we have not done enough to curb this type of behavior on Twitter. We agree. We are continuing to invest heavily in improving our tools and enforcement systems to better allow us to identify and take faster action on abuse as it’s happening and prevent repeat offenders. We have been in the process of reviewing our hateful conduct policy to prohibit additional types of abusive behavior and allow more types of reporting.
These platforms insist they are not publishers, let alone journalistic organizations. Their business is built upon providing an easy-access, open channel for the public to communicate. The terms and conditions of use, however, allow them to remove content, including shutting off live video. This is now done according to a set of criteria that are enforced through a combination of automated systems that identify key words, flagging of offensive content by users, and decisions by platform employees to remove or block the content or to put up a warning. This sort of post-publication filtering is not the same process as a journalist selecting material pre-publication.
However, it is editing. It involves making calculations of harm and judgments about taste. Monika Bickert, Facebook’s head of policy, has said the platform does not leave this decision to algorithms. Instead, decisions are made on the basis of what is uploaded and how it is shared. Someone condemning a video of hate speech might not, for example, have his or her account suspended, but someone sharing the same video in a way that incites further hatred might:
Was it somebody who was explicitly condemning violence or raising awareness? Or was it somebody who was celebrating violence or not making clear their intention or mocking a victim of violence?
The obvious, critical difference with a news organization is that platforms do not have control over the content creators as they create and publish material.
Because of their much wider structural role, platforms have agreed to co-operate more extensively with the authorities on counterterrorism than news organizations and journalists often do. In the UK, there is the formal D Notice process that allows authorities to make one-off arrangements with news organizations to delay publication of security-sensitive material. When The Guardian was preparing publication of the Snowden revelations, its Editor Alan Rusbridger had conversations with British intelligence. However, the relationship between the authorities and the news media is always ad hoc and built on the idea of journalistic independence, even hostility. The Guardian ended up with British intelligence officers coming into its newsrooms to destroy hard-drives that carried the classified information. Technology companies have also resisted attempts to allow the authorities more access to their data and to preserve the privacy of their users. But the Snowden revelations suggest that intelligence agencies have been successfully targeting online communications covertly.
Shaping the Narrative: Filter Bubbles and Polarization
It is important for journalists to understand how platforms shape the framing of issues and the public’s response. Posting on social media has a performative element; people say things because they are feeling emotional or signaling a point of view. Especially during the coverage of terror events, the reaction of the online public will be instinctive, and not necessarily representative. That does not mean it should not be noted and taken into account. But the danger of narratives built on social media content or that use social media as a proxy for what people are saying is that it privileges a highly selective sample.
Currently, the platforms’ algorithms are tuned to bring personalized content that heightens engagement. The danger of this approach is that it clearly shapes the distribution of content to what people like, and users may be more likely to see political content they agree with rather than a broad spectrum of opinions. This is particularly relevant to terror events because evidence shows the greatest polarization of opinion online happens with divisive issues around ideology and race. Research on online echo chambers has mixed results. But it does suggest that the polarization of politics is partially reinforced by social media, particularly by certain platforms such as Twitter.
Sometimes this has a positive motivation. After the Paris attacks, Facebook encouraged people to add the French flag to their profiles to demonstrate solidarity with the people of France. That immediately raised the question of whether it would do the same for every country that suffered a terrorist incident. Facebook would prefer this to be done by algorithms that are more powerful, faster, and cheaper than humans. Indeed, it has reportedly shifted further away from human curation on its trending online news streams, partly because of allegations of a liberal human bias. Algorithms are ultimately programmed by humans, but the main work of selection and personalized dissemination of content will be done automatically. This is of particular concern when the subject is political. During the UK’s European Union referendum campaign, the social media activist Tom Steinberg, who founded MySociety, said that he found it almost impossible to find a different view on the issue from his personal opinion on his Facebook feed even when he actively sought a more diverse diet:
The polarization of opinion around terror is also potentially worrisome.
One of the great advantages of the internet was the possibility of connecting to a greater range of sources and perspectives, but the algorithms of search and social counter this. This raises serious questions about the public formation of opinion around terror events, whether minority views will be excluded and a diverse debate on terrorism homogenized. Part of the role of a healthy news media is to provide that wider and deeper perspective and to include challenging as well as reassuring views. The platform algorithms seem to militate against that.
Should Platforms Become More Like Media Organizations?
The platforms are in a difficult place in terms of the competing pressures of corporate self-interest, the demands of their consumers for open access, the public interest involved in supporting good journalism, and fostering secure and cohesive societies. They are relatively young organizations that have grown quickly, and are still accreting institutional knowledge on these issues.
The platforms have accepted they have a public policy role in combatting terrorism. Facebook now has a head of policy for counter-terrorism. They have gone further than most Western news media in allowing themselves to be co-opted into counter-terrorism initiatives. Yet any intervention raises questions. For example, Facebook offered free advertising for accounts that post anti-extremist content. But which ones and how far should it go? The platforms all say this is a developing area, and they are still consulting to see what is most effective and most consistent with the goal of being politically neutral. Platforms like Google argue they are only part of an existing conversation with governments and international bodies. They point out it is not for them to push a counter-narrative as it probably would not be credible or authentic. Instead they see their job as enabling the capacity of others.
The platforms do provide an opportunity for building social solidarity in the wake of these incidents far beyond the ability of news media. In the wake of the Lee Rigby killing, there was widespread reaction on social media expressing shock and disgust at the attacks including from many Muslims. There were also positive social media initiatives that sought to pay respect to the victim. But some reaction was incendiary and anti-Islamic. Some people faced charges for inciting racial hatred on social media. At the height of the European attacks in July 2016, one study recorded 7,000 Islamophobic tweets daily in English, compared to 2,500 in April. More could be done to police these conversations, but as we have seen, there is a limit at the moment to its efficacy. As Martin Innes, the author of a report on social media and terror, warns, this is still a nascent science:
Traditional “big data” science statistical methods can be misleading in terms of how and why events are unfolding after major terrorist incidents, due to the complex conflict and information dynamics. Theory-driven methods of data analysis need to be urgently developed to realize the potential of social media analytics.
British MPs recently criticized the platforms for not doing enough to counter ISIS. The then-Chairman of the Commons Home Affairs Select Committee, Keith Vaz said:
They must accept that the hundreds of millions in revenues generated from billions of people using their products needs to be accompanied by a greater sense of responsibility and ownership for the impact that extremist material on their sites is having.
However, the platforms say they are already doing much to remove incendiary content. As the radicalization expert Peter Neumann, from London’s Kings College, has pointed out, media is only a part of the extremist strategy:
The vast majority of ISIS recruits that have gone to Syria from Britain and other European countries have been recruited via peer-to-peer interaction, not through the internet alone. Blaming Facebook, Google, or Twitter for this phenomenon is quite simplistic, and I’d even say misleading.
The platforms (and the news media) cannot police these networks alone. There is also a responsibility for the authorities to monitor and engage with social media and to actively counter bad information and to provide reliable, real-time streams of information. Ultimately, the price of open access and exchange on these platforms might be an element of negative and harmful material.
However, just because these issues are complex does not mean platforms cannot adapt their policies and practices. It might be a virtual switch put in place to delay live feeds that contain violence. More “honest-broker” agencies such as Storyful or First Draft might emerge to act as specialist filters around terror events. One suggestion has been platforms like Facebook should hire teams of fact-checkers. Another is they should hire senior journalists to act as editors.
Of course, those last suggestions would make those self-declared tech companies more like news media. But we now inhabit what Andrew Chadwick32 calls a “hybrid media” environment where distinctions are blurred. News organizations have had to change to adapt to social networks, and platforms too must continue to develop the way they behave in the face of breaking news. Companies such as Facebook and Google are already reaching out to journalists and publishers to find ways of working that combine their strengths. Twitter and Facebook, for example, have created a coalition organized by verification agency First Draft with 20 news media organizations to find new ways to filter out fake news. Platforms and the news media both have much to gain in terms of trust by taking the initiative instead of waiting for angry governments to impose solutions that hurt creativity and freedom in the name of security. One only has to glance at more repressive regimes around the world to see the price paid for democracy when reactionary governments restrict any form of media in the name of public safety.
This paper has set out a range of problems in reporting on terrorism that are practical, political, ethical, and structural. This is an evolving issue as both the nature of terrorism and media environment continue to change. This paper has also highlighted good practice and innovation that suggests progress is not just possible, but is already happening. Yet we need a process of self-critical debate both within newsrooms and between the news media and other people involved in these narratives.
The practical problem is of improving accuracy and providing better-informed context. It is particularly difficult with limited resources and rapidly multiplying sources and platforms. The same technologies that give journalists the power to report quicker and more extensively also speed up the news cycle and fill the public sphere with confusing, false, and complex information. Yet verification can be improved by adopting better techniques and insisting on standards across all platforms and under all circumstances. Greater transparency is a key attitudinal change that will help improve the search for truth and build trust.
The political problems are harder to solve. Journalists must understand the way they frame these stories has an impact on individuals, communities, and public policy. The fact news media gives publicity to the terrorist is a problem that cannot be completely resolved. But journalism can be created in ways that reduce the propaganda effect for either the terrorist or the panicked politician. By showing more empathy for the people involved and including more constructive narratives of resilience and understanding, the news media can at least counter the sense of fear and hopelessness terror news can induce.
The technology companies that provide platforms for the public and journalists to discuss and debate terrorism must do much more to improve how they filter and distribute information. There must be a more productive dialogue between the platforms and the news media about how their relationship can work better for the public good. Promoting more “good” journalism would be a start. In the same way the news media has to accept a wider responsibility for effects of reporting on terror, the digital giants must also recognize they are not just data or tech companies. They are part of the creation of narratives and formation of public opinion.
It is important we get this right. Trust in American media has plummeted to new lows. At a time when journalism is facing an economic crisis, we must rebuild the public’s confidence. Consumers have so many alternatives to mainstream news media and so many distractions from journalism overall, we need to prove our worth. Terrorism is a key testing ground. Improving coverage of terrorism is important because violent extremism is a significant issue and symptomatic of wider problems around the world. The case for more intelligent, informed, and socially responsible reporting of terror is not just a moral plea. It is a chance to show journalism remains a vital part of modern society.
- Walter Laqueur. “The New Terrorism: Fanaticism and the Arms of Mass Destruction,” Oxford University Press, 1999, p.44.
- James Rodgers, “Reporting Conflict,” 2012
- Interview with the author, September 2016
- Valerie Blair-Gagnon, “Social Media at BBC News,” 2015
- Interview with the author, September 2016
- Charlie Beckett and Mark Deuze, “On the Role of Emotion in the Future of Journalism,” 2016
- Interview with the author, August 2016
- Interview with the author, September 2016
- Michael Jetter, “Terrorism and the Media,” 2014
- “Digital News Report 2016″
- Phone interview with the author, August 2016
- Interview with the author, August 2016
- Email to the author, August 2016
- Interview with the author, September 2016
- Interview with the author, September 2016
- Interview with the author, September 2016
- Anonymized interview with author August 2016
- Charlie Beckett, “The Value of Networked Journalism,” 2010
- Anonymized interview with the author, August 2016
- Interview with the author, September 2016
- Michael Jetter, “Terrorism and the Media,” 2014
- Interview with the author, August 2016
- Phil Harding, “The Great Global Switch-off”
- Interview with the author, September 2016
- Interview with the author, September 2016
- Email to the author, August 2016
- Interview with the author, August 2016
- Charlie Beckett and Mark Deuze, “On the Role of Emotion in the Future of Journalism,” 2016
- Interview with the author, September 2016
- “Broadcast bulletin,” OFCOM, 2014
- Andrew Chadwick, “Hybrid media systems: politics and power,” 2013 | <urn:uuid:fa718748-ec49-4713-9f51-6e87ad79a47b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cjr.org/tow_center_reports/coverage_terrorism_social_media.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.962989 | 20,802 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Bhubaneswar: Relentless effort by doctors and support staff at the Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital here led to the recovery of a Covid-19 patient who had slipped into neurological paralysis who was discharged after spending nearly four months in the hospital.
Arata Sethi (45) was admitted to the SUM Covid Hospital on May 11 at the peak of the second wave of the pandemic in a serious condition. After he tested negative, he was found to have developed nuerological paralysis and was shifted to the Neuro ICU of IMS and SUM Hospital under the care of Dr. Ishwar Behera and Prof. Chandan Das.
Dr. Behera is the Head of Neuro Critical Care department while Prof. Das is a medicine specialist.
The patient was diagnosed with post-Covid pulmonary fibrosis and quadriparesis (muscle weakness in all four limbs) and had to be put on ventilator as it was a very difficult case, Dr. Behera said.
“We had to do a tracheostomy on him to facilitate breathing but it was truly a hopeless case,” he said adding the patient began to turn the corner slowly.
Continuous monitoring and treatment helped Sethi to recover though he was still suffering from the effects of paralysis. He was discharged from the hospital after nearly four months though he would require care and physiotherapy at home, Dr. Behera said.
“We consider it a huge achievement for the hospital as the patient was in a precarious condition with badly damaged lungs. It is nothing short of a miracle,” Prof. Pusparaj Samantasinhar, Medical Superintendent of the hospital said. | <urn:uuid:bb8a6958-ffd4-4ee0-b85d-3424fa5f5f3f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://updateodisha.com/2021/09/04/sum-doctors-turn-around-covid-afflicted-patient-73231/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.97995 | 352 | 1.546875 | 2 |
The input features you specified have eight or fewer valid features. To test for spatial autocorrelation in model residuals, a default spatial weights matrix based on eight nearest neighbors is used. When there are eight or fewer features, the default is set to the number of features minus two. Features with null values for any of the fields specified are not valid and are skipped.
In general, you should not use this tool with fewer than 30 features. If your feature class has eight or more features and you see this message, it is likely because of null values in the fields you specified. Exclude fields with null values or replace the null values with valid values. | <urn:uuid:35ce15bb-5250-4478-a750-6beaf13c0dac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/tool-reference/tool-errors-and-warnings/001001-010000/tool-errors-and-warnings-01476-01500-001500.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.848983 | 138 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Just days after Moscow threatened retaliation against Lithuania for imposing restrictions on freight transport to the isolated Russian territory of Kaliningrad, computer hackers “linked to the Russian state” attacked dozens of Lithuanian government and private organizations, the deputy deputy said. Minister of Defense of the Baltic nation.
The digital attack, which Lithuania warned was likely to continue in the coming days, and even intensified, appeared to mark the beginning of what Russia said last week: painful measures against the NATO nation for restricting the transport of certain goods by rail to Kaliningrad. .
The Russian Baltic Sea exclave is sandwiched between Lithuania and Poland, another NATO country, hundreds of miles from the Russian mainland to the east.
NATO forces in Lithuania do not expect Moscow’s threats to lead to military action, as Russian forces are already under heavy pressure in Ukraine. But the sudden flare-up along a sensitive rift between East and West has nonetheless set nerves on edge at a time of mounting tensions between Russia and the American-led alliance.
Lithuania insists it has not imposed a freight ban and accuses Russia of lying. It says it has restricted just 1 percent of rail freight passing through Lithuanian territory in response to European Union sanctions over Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
Russia nevertheless reacted furiously, claiming that Europe had imposed an illegal “blockade” on its westernmost territory, previously part of the German region of East Prussia and taken by Moscow at the end of World War II.
Margiris Abukevicius, the Lithuanian deputy minister of national defense in charge of cybersecurity, said a spate of cyberattacks on Monday hit Lithuanian state railways, airports, media companies and ministries, in a coordinated barrage by hackers known to be associated with the Russian state. The attack typically involved so-called distributed denial-of-service attacks, or DDoS, in which hackers flood the servers running a target’s site with Internet traffic until it falters or collapses under the load.
A Russian hacker group known as Killnet claimed responsibility for the attacks on its Telegram channel and demanded that Lithuanian authorities “immediately revoke their decision to ban the transit of Russian cargo between the Kaliningrad region and Russia.” The group said it is “not affiliated with any law enforcement agency” and derided Lithuanian authorities as “dumb ducks” known for “making up trash”.
During a visit to Kaliningrad last week, Nikolai P. Patrushev, the head of the Kremlin’s Security Council and one of President Vladimir V. Putin’s closest advisers, warned that Russia would “certainly respond to such hostile action.” He did not specify what Russia’s response would be, but said it would “have a serious negative impact on the population of Lithuania”.
The European Union has tried to defuse the crisis by proposing to Lithuania for the time being to lift restrictions on the movement of Russian goods to and from Kaliningrad, even those covered by European sanctions. But this has been met with resistance from several countries in the bloc who are unwilling to relax measures to pacify Russia.
The European Commission, the executive branch of the EU, was expected to issue precise guidelines on Monday on restrictions on cargo to Kaliningrad, but postponed its decision due to bickering between member states.
Tomas Dapkus in Vilnius contributed from Vilnius, Lithuania. | <urn:uuid:79952387-4eb7-483e-adb0-5c7204f5d5bf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dailyexpertnews.com/world/europe/lithuania-blames-russia-for-cyber-attacks-citing-threats-over-cargo-restrictions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.96123 | 713 | 1.585938 | 2 |
wooden planks, cut-out window, rope ladder, boards nailed to tree trunk to make a ladder, chipped/mismatched dishes, ratty furniture, carpet remnants, curtains, junk food wrappers, crumbs, books/magazines, legs dangling from the sides or through the trap…
creak of boards, rope ladder scraping against tree trunk, wind in the leaves, leaves brushing against the house, branches creaking, curtains flapping, soda cans popping open, rustle of candy wrappers, crunch of potato chips, birds singing, scrabble of lizards on…
nearby flowers, fresh-mown grass, new wooden planks, sawdust, rain, fresh air, tree sap, moldy furniture/carpet, chocolate, sweat, hamburgers/hot dogs cooking, chimney smoke, pitch/sap, musty cushions
water, soda, juice, chocolate, candy, chips, sandwiches, cookies, rain, sweat, stolen cigarettes
rough/smooth wooden planks, nail heads sticking out of boards, gaps in boards, breeze blowing through the window, curtains brushing your skin, treehouse swaying in a strong wind, scratchy rope, nappy carpet, soft fabric on furniture, glossy feel of magazines papery…
–The words you choose can convey atmosphere and mood.
Example 1: Kent gasped and yanked his hand back as the splinter skewered his palm. The floorboards creaked and he froze. Shoot–had they heard? Carefully, holding his breath tight in his chest, Kent leaned down to stare through the open knothole in the floor. Mark and his posse were right beneath him, looking around, trying to figure out where he’d gone…
–Similes and metaphors create strong imagery when used sparingly.
Example 1: (Simile) In the storm, leaves and branches battered against the walls like zombies looking for their next meal…
Think beyond what a character sees, and provide a sensory feast for readers
Setting is much more than just a backdrop, which is why choosing the right one and describing it well is so important. To help with this, we have expanded and integrated this thesaurus into our online library at One Stop For Writers. Each entry has been enhanced to include possible sources of conflict, people commonly found in these locales, and setting-specific notes and tips, and the collection itself has been augmented to include a whopping 230 entries—all of which have been cross-referenced with our other thesauruses for easy searchability. So if you’re interested in seeing a free sample of this powerful Setting Thesaurus, head on over and register at One Stop.
On the other hand, if you prefer your references in book form, we’ve got you covered, too, because both books are now available for purchase in digital and print copies. In addition to the entries, each book contains instructional front matter to help you maximize your settings. With advice on topics like making your setting do double duty and using figurative language to bring them to life, these books offer ample information to help you maximize your settings and write them effectively.
Becca Puglisi is an international speaker, writing coach, and bestselling author of The Emotion Thesaurus and its sequels. Her books are available in five languages, are sourced by US universities, and are used by novelists, screenwriters, editors, and psychologists around the world. She is passionate about learning and sharing her knowledge with others through her Writers Helping Writers blog and via One Stop For Writers—a powerhouse online library created to help writers elevate their storytelling. | <urn:uuid:0fe9a195-7073-41f9-9ab0-8809f9ae9daa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://writershelpingwriters.net/2009/06/setting-thesaurus-entry-tree-house/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.941495 | 774 | 2.171875 | 2 |
In Logic Pro 10.2.3, the External Instrument plug-in includes an Auto-Compensate Latency option. When this option is selected, External Instrument delays the MIDI data sent to an external MIDI device. This delay keeps the audio output of the external MIDI device aligned with the other tracks in your project.
Use these guidelines when setting Auto-Compensate Latency to make sure your audio is aligned.
Routing audio to the External Instrument input
When you route the audio output of the external MIDI device to the input of External Instrument using the Input pop-up menu, Auto-Compensate Latency is always on and can't be manually disabled.
Routing audio to an outboard mixer
When you route the audio output of the external MIDI device to an outboard device like a mixer, make sure to select the Auto-Compensate Latency option if no input is assigned to External Instrument.
Routing audio to a Logic Pro aux channel
When you route the audio output of the external MIDI device to a separate Logic Pro aux channel, deselect the Auto-Compensate Latency option. Make sure no input is assigned to External Instrument. The aux channel automatically compensates for any latency, so External Instrument doesn't need to provide additional latency compensation. | <urn:uuid:de051efa-e063-4258-95f3-e93241410a36> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://support.apple.com/en-hk/HT206774 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.798161 | 264 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Facebook towards the construction of the metaverse
Thanks to the commitment of Facebook Reality Labs, the company has made great strides in both augmented and virtual reality. But now Zuckerberg seems to be interested in going much further. The next project, in fact, will be to build a real one metaverse of Facebook.
Metaverse: Facebook invests $ 50 million in the project
The latest updates from Facebook report that the company has invested 50 million dollars in creating a metaverse. The same company defined it as “a set of virtual spaces where you can create and move with other people who are not in the same physical space with you“. The money will be spent over two years between XR programs and the research fund, with the aim of collaborating with industry organizations, academic institutions and governments. On the other hand, creating a metaverse could apply for a 10/15 year joband it is not certain that Facebook can do it with its own strength.
In the meantime, however, Facebook will also be engaged on another front, with the aim of building virtual spaces in the most responsible way possible. This means safeguard user privacy, minimizing the amount of personal data used and trying to keep it safe from threats of all kinds. Furthermore, it seems that the company is intent on making sure that the technologies created are increasingly inclusive and accessible to all. Not surprisingly, these projects come just a week after Facebook appointed a new Chief Technology Officer, Andrew Bosworth. And if this is the beginning, we are sure that we will see some good ones. | <urn:uuid:c54ce3c7-e3e8-47b8-9d55-c40ab4bfa02c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://zazogame.com/en/facebook-towards-the-construction-of-the-metaverse/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.95746 | 313 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Written by Kathryn Andes
Gender neutral clothing has become popular over the past few years, especially trending now within the Gen Z community. Although unisex clothing became popular in the 1960’s in response to the youth revolution and the hippie movement, a new term has become mainstream and that is gender neutral clothing. Gender neutral clothing has evolved greatly since the era of colored tights and go-go boots in the 1960’s.
Now gender neutral clothing is popular among celebrities like Billie Eilish, Harry Styles, Billie Porter, and Lil Nas X. Some of their styles were inspired by trend setting celebrities like Prince, David Bowie, and Elton John.
Since October 2020, consumer interest in gender neutral clothing has doubled according to WGSN. This can be linked to several social changes in our country such as the pandemic and working from home pushing people to wear comfier, androgynous clothing, as well as increased non-binary and LGBTQ+ inclusivity.
Not only does gender neutral clothing create a safe space for non-binary and gender non-conforming individuals, it also pushes the fashion industry towards a more sustainable future. Gender neutral clothing can often be used as a capsule wardrobe with solid colors, minimalist prints, and everyday basics.
Fashion is a form of self-expression, and clothing is what we use to express ourselves. Now with more men and women blurring the lines between female and male clothing, the possibilities of self-expression are endless.
Here are some of my favorite pieces from our website that are categorized as women’s clothing, but I think can be gender fluid. | <urn:uuid:85e4a6de-f495-4f23-bf63-02793d5c7d58> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dbltkeboutique.com/blogs/the-blog/gender-neutral-clothing-and-its-effect-on-fashion-today | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.961369 | 394 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Steps to Refuse Tests:
- When and what: Find out when the tests will be given. Find out exactly the consequences of refusing the tests.
- Put it in writing: Print out the form below or make your own refusal letter. Make at least 3 copies of your refusal form/letter, sign and date them, and send them to your child's teacher and principal. Your child should also keep an extra copy with him just in case the letter gets "lost" or there are different test administrators.
- Talk to your kids: Tell your children why they will not be testing and what to expect. It is a good idea to also discuss what to do if teachers or administrators get pushy trying to make them test (see our Student Pages for more info). You may be lucky and have a sympathetic test administrator or be in a school district that easily allows students to read a book, do an alternate assignment, or go to another classroom during testing. But some districts have threatened that students who do not test must sit quietly with nothing to do during the entire test (that is called "Sit and Stare"). If that is the case, point out that the TNReady testing manual clearly clearly states students may read or do an alternate activity not related to the tested subject (Click HERE to see and/or download the testing manual. Page 22 is where it says, "If a student finishes testing prior to the scheduled time, they may do quiet academic activities that are not related to the content area being tested."). Tell them you expect your child to be allowed to do that during the test. No matter what, students should remain calm and polite, and should not get into trouble by being rude or disrespectful. Students should not answer any answers to any questions on the test, not even to bubble in their name or click "Exit" on the screen, doing so could affect their score and their teacher's evaluation.
- Make a plan: Some parents do not want their child to be forced to sit quietly for 8-12 hours of testing, so they choose to keep them home or schedule dentist, eye, doctor checkups, etc. during the testing. That is a decision you will need to make and communicate with your child. If your child does not go to school during the testing, be sure to ask when the testing make-up dates will be because your child will most likely be offered the test when he/she returns to school. It is best to know in advance, and having that information in writing from your teacher/principal/district is wise to avoid miscommunication.
- Here's what will probably happen: You'll get a memo forwarded to you from the TDOE. This memo is a way to bully parents into not refusing/opting-out of the test. The memo says there is no Opt-Out Law in TN. However, it is important to know that there is no law stating that children must take the test, either. They can't force students to take a test. So, don't let that memo discourage you. Stay strong and do what you know is best for your children.
- No matter what, remember your manners: Teachers and administrators have no choice and must give the tests. They'd most likely lose their jobs if they didn't. Your school district would lose funding (but nobody really can tell us how much) if they didn't give these tests. Many teachers are just as frustrated as you are, so please be kind to them. Don't blame them for this mess.
- Tell us how it went: Let Momma Bears know how it went! We are trying to keep track of test refusals in Tennessee. We might be able to use your words and experience to help others. We would be grateful if you would complete this anonymous survey for us (survey is at the bottom of that webpage). Thanks!
- Talk to your elected officials: Tell them why you are refusing the test and why they need change the policies and laws mandating these tests. Visit our Advocacy Page for tips on how to get your message across to them. This really is a super-important step, so please don't skip it, Momma Bears.
- Have questions??? Visit our FAQ section by clicking HERE. | <urn:uuid:a374933e-0b54-4715-ac7d-7e367c1ab67f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.mommabears.org/how-to-refuse.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.965496 | 874 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Sonia Bashir has been taking the photos on her iPhone while out on her daily walk around central Preston.
Now she wants to encourage people to dispose of personal protective equipment (PPE) safely to help protect the environment.
Sonia, who posted the images on Twitter, said: "This is such an unprecedented time for the UK and the whole world, and I wanted to somehow document it as much as I can.
"The streets and roads seem empty on my walks but what I couldn’t help noticing was the amount of discarded gloves and masks while out walking.
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"I was horrified people would do this.
"I could see them dotted around everywhere, on every street, every road. So I decided to take pictures of what I came across on my walk yesterday.
"The photos were taken around central Preston, less than a mile away from my home, and from the comments (online) I have had, it seems like this is the case all around Preston, and other areas of the UK too."
In fact, an America Twitter user even commented that he had counted 20 gloves on his three-mile run in South Florida.
Meanwhile, another user said they had picked up and tossed hundreds of gloves in the bin over the past month.
Sonia added: "It’s sad to see how so many people can disrespect the environment in this way."
Dr Bilal Patel, of Preston, is now offering advice for people using PPE to clean their homes, in accordance with Government guidelines.
The consultant cardiologist, who works at Blackpool Victoria Hospital, said: "Double bag it after use and store it securely for 72 hours, then it can be thrown away in the regular rubbish."
The Government also advises washing hands regularly with soap and water for 20 seconds, and after removing gloves, aprons and other protection used while cleaning.
For more information about Sonia's work, please visit https://soniabashirphotography.co.uk/ | <urn:uuid:d20ee760-3406-469c-b0c1-b2ecd2443678> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lep.co.uk/health/coronavirus/preston-photographer-speaks-out-against-ppe-littering-as-she-documents-gloves-and-masks-thrown-on-the-streets-2539642 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.958809 | 575 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Governments have launched massive efforts to underpin their economies in the wake of the Covid crisis: what are the most important implications for bond investors?
Investors need to rethink the role of bonds in their portfolios, because government bonds no longer fulfil their historic role. They don’t provide a steady and secure income, nor are they a safe store of value, or, indeed, a source of diversification to equities. In fact, if central banks are successful at pushing up inflation and then return policy to more normal levels, including raising interest rates,investors run the risk of suffering losses on both their bond and equity holdings. So, they need to re-think how they construct portfolios.
Is it really reasonable to fear inflation? After all, major central banks have consistently been undershooting their 2 per cent inflation targets for most of the past decade.
In considering this, it is worth bearing a few things in mind. First, although central banks introduced QE and other emergency measures after the 2008 financial crisis, their response was largely focused on underpinning the banking sector. Second, that intervention was considerably smaller than what they’ve done this time. Finally, and maybe most crucially, governments implemented austerity in the years after the credit crisis in an effort to fix their balance sheets. This time, deficits have blown out massively and governments have shown no indication that they intend to claw back their generosity as yet. Then, investors need to factor in that the US Federal Reserve this summer altered its monetary policy framework to put unemployment and social fairness front and centre and said it would be much more willing to allow inflation to run hot if in earlier parts of the economic cycle it was too low. So whereas monetary and fiscal policy were pulling in opposite directions 10 years ago, this timethey’re working in tandem. As long as economic activity is continually interrupted by lockdowns and Covid guidelines generally, all this stimulus is only ever likely to mitigate the consequent fall in demand. But a return to normal social interaction could see these huge infusions of both fiscal and monetary stimulus start to feed through to the prices of goods and services – and possibly faster than many people think. Longer-term, all this stimulus also raises risks for social stability. Central banks’ approach to monetary policy has already created disharmony by favouring capital over labour. This disharmony is likely to have profound consequences for bond investors.
If government bonds are no longer the safe haven they once were, what’s the answer?
If we accept the traditional cycles of the economy and credit have largely been replaced with a volatility cycle, driven by counter cyclical monetary policy, it is important to work with this cycle and to be both contrarian and value driven in your search for returns. It makes sense to look for value after there’s been a market panic – in other words when the credit markets deliver equity-type returns at bond-type risks. Of course you need good, penetrating analysis to avoid the value traps. And then, when investor confidence gets ahead of itself, when credit starts to deliver bond-type returns for equity-type risk, it’s important to rebalance and retrench until the next cycle hits. People forget volatility can return very suddenly, but these cycles are much more frequent than investors seem to recognize. There are opportunities for investors that work with the cycle to take advantage of these periods of volatility, delivering attractive income and/or matching longer term liabilities, but in a way that uses both common sense and a contrarian mindset with a low correlation to wider risk assets. Essentially an approach that avoids the vagaries of fear and greed caused by central bank herding of market risk appetite. Unconstrained investors can roam the markets to find sources of value. Of course, they have to be nimble and must have clear insights into what’s driving a particular asset as well as the market as a whole. But get this right and they can help to give investors what government bonds no longer can. Which is a reasonable, steady return, with controlled downside and as little correlation to equity like risk as possible. | <urn:uuid:8ea98223-a2aa-4cd2-875d-3a72bbf98750> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://insuranceassetmanagement.net/iam/strategic-credit.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.960694 | 842 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Why Don’t We Use Radiocarbon Dating For Dinosaur Bones?
Dinosaurs went extinct 65 million years ago. To determine the age of a dinosaur fossil carbon dating can never be used. Carbon-14 only works for fossils less than 75 000 years old. … Carbon-14 has a half life of 5730 years and this radioisotope eventually decays into Nitrogen-14.
Why dont we use radiocarbon dating for dinosaur bones?
This is what archaeologists use to determine the age of human-made artifacts. But carbon-14 dating won’t work on dinosaur bones. The half-life of carbon-14 is only 5 730 years so carbon-14 dating is only effective on samples that are less than 50 000 years old.
Why is carbon dating not useful for fossils?
Carbon dating cannot be used on most fossils not only because they are almost always too old but also because they rarely contain the original carbon of the organism. Also many fossils are contaminated with carbon from the environment during collection or preservation proceedures.
What method is used to date dinosaur bones?
Can radiocarbon dating be used for fossils?
Carbon-14 the radioactive isotope of carbon used in carbon dating has a half-life of 5730 years so it decays too fast. It can only be used to date fossils younger than about 75 000 years. … This makes it ideal for dating much older rocks and fossils.
What is the difference between radiocarbon dating and carbon-14 dating?
Radiocarbon dating relies on the carbon isotopes carbon-14 and carbon-12. … Carbon-14 is considered a radioactive isotope of carbon. Because it’s unstable carbon-14 will eventually decay back to carbon-12 isotopes.
Is radiocarbon dating accurate?
Radiocarbon dating can easily establish that humans have been on the earth for over twenty thousand years at least twice as long as creationists are willing to allow. … They have their work cut out for them however because radiocarbon (C-14) dating is one of the most reliable of all the radiometric dating methods.
What are the limitations of radiocarbon dating?
The method has limitations: Samples can be contaminated by other carbon-containing materials like the soil that surrounds some bones or labels that contain animal-based glue. Inorganic materials can’t be dated using radiocarbon analysis and the method can be prohibitively expensive.
Has carbon dating been debunked?
Science Notes – Revisiting radiocarbon: no it has not been debunked. … Researchers from Cornell analysed samples of native juniper from southern Jordan assessed their ages using dendrochronology and then had them radiocarbon dated by both the Oxford and Arizona labs.
Why is carbon-14 not used to date fossils?
Explanation: With a half-life of only 5 700 years Carbon 14 can only be used to date items of that are relatively recent and still contain carbon residue. … Carbon 14 is useless in dating fossils unless it is believed that Dinosaur bones are less that 50 000 years old. Radioactive half lives are not used to date fossils.
Why is carbon dating analysis not always accurate?
But scientists have long recognized that carbon dating is subject to error because of a variety of factors including contamination by outside sources of carbon. Therefore they have sought ways to calibrate and correct the carbon dating method.
Can radiocarbon dating be used to determine the age of dinosaur fossils quizlet?
We can determine the age of most dinosaur fossils through “carbon dating ” which relies on the radioactive decay of Carbon-14. The first multicellular animals appear before the first eukaryotes.
How do Creationary scientists date fossils?
How do Creationary scientists date fossils? They date fossils from the Flood. The age of most fossils is nearly the same.
Is radiocarbon dating relative or absolute?
One of the most useful absolute dating methods for archaeologists is called radiocarbon dating. It works by measuring carbon isotopes which are versions of the element carbon. All isotopes of carbon have 6 protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Why can’t geologists use carbon-14 to date igneous rocks?
Geologists do not use carbon-based radiometric dating to determine the age of rocks. Carbon dating only works for objects that are younger than about 50 000 years and most rocks of interest are older than that. … Over time carbon-14 decays radioactively and turns into nitrogen.
Why is it important to be able to date fossils?
Dating of the fossils contributes to a clearer timeline of evolutionary history. Older methods of dating were more subjective often an educated hypothesis based on the evidence available.
How does radiocarbon dating work simple?
The basis of radiocarbon dating is simple: all living things absorb carbon from the atmosphere and food sources around them including a certain amount of natural radioactive carbon-14. When the plant or animal dies they stop absorbing but the radioactive carbon that they’ve accumulated continues to decay.
What is radiocarbon dating technique?
What do you mean by radiocarbon dating?
carbon-14 dating also called radiocarbon dating method of age determination that depends upon the decay to nitrogen of radiocarbon (carbon-14). … Because carbon-14 decays at this constant rate an estimate of the date at which an organism died can be made by measuring the amount of its residual radiocarbon.
What is the most accurate method of dating fossils?
Who invented radiocarbon dating?
What are the disadvantages of absolute dating?
Are dating methods accurate?
There is no single ideal method of dating that can produce accurate results for every kind of sample in every context for every chronology. Each method of dating has constraints around its use and effectiveness.
What is the disadvantage of relative dating?
Why do future archaeologist will have more trouble using carbon dating?
Today the amount of carbon dioxide humans are pumping into Earth’s atmosphere is threatening to skew the accuracy of this technique for future archaeologists looking at our own time. … Carbon-12 is a stable isotope meaning its amount in any material remains the same year-after-year century-after-century.
Can you carbon date a diamond?
This is the principle behind long-established techniques such as radiocarbon dating which has been widely used in archaeology. Diamonds are vastly older than any archeological relic so carbon dating—which can only date items back to around 60 000 years ago—isn’t possible.
Why wouldn’t you use carbon-14 dating on a piece of shell that was estimated to be 1 million years old?
Why wouldn’t you use carbon-14 dating on a piece of sea shell that was estimated to be 1 million years old? … The correct answer is: The amount of radioactive carbon in the sample would be too small to measure accurately. .
Why couldn’t the previous researchers use the stone tools to date the age of the site?
Why do scientists measure carbon-14 isotopes?
While the most common form of carbon has six neutrons carbon-14 has two extra. That makes the isotope heavier and much less stable than the most common carbon form. … The half-life of carbon-14 is 5 730 years making it ideal for scientists who want to study the last 50 000 years of history.
Is carbon dating accurate Reddit?
More specifically radiocarbon dating is accurate for the first 10 to 30 thousand years but decreases to being basically useless around 60 000 years. Potassium-argon dating has accuracy for much older samples so for specimens older than 100 000 years up to 1 million years or more years the process is quite effective.
Would radiocarbon dating would be useful in dating the age of Earth?
radiocarbon dating would be useful in dating the age of Earth. Absolute age examines the position of rocks in a sequence. Index fossils are the remains of species that existed on Earth for relatively short periods of time. … According to the principle of superposition the youngest rock layers are closest to the surface.
What kind of dating can be used to determine the exact age of the rock and which kind of carbon dating is used to compare the ages of rocks?
Radiometric dating radioactive dating or radioisotope dating is a technique which is used to date materials such as rocks or carbon in which trace radioactive impurities were selectively incorporated when they were formed.
Why might someone choose to use U 238 over C 14 to determine the age of a specimen quizlet?
Uranium 238 is only found in igneous or volcanic rocks. So no fossils can be dated directly using U 238. Because of the huge differences in the half lives of Carbon 14 and Uranium238 they cannot be used together. Carbon 14 can only be used to date fossils of a very recent age.
How are dinosaur bones dated?
How Carbon Dating Works
Is there Carbon 14 in Dinosaur Bones? Hugh Miller Interview
How Does Radiocarbon Dating Work? – Instant Egghead #28
Decontaminated dinosaur bones Carbon-14 dated | <urn:uuid:46b8af8f-0a2c-484a-9d5e-df590561a086> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.microblife.in/why-dont-we-use-radiocarbon-dating-for-dinosaur-bones-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.923428 | 1,898 | 3.328125 | 3 |
There have always been alternatives to gasoline, but except for the artificial fuel shortages created by the OPEC oil embargo in the 1970s which fueled the first so-called "energy crisis," alternative fuels have mostly remained on the sidelines. Well now they are being called up to become major sources of energy as oil prices soar once again.
Propane and natural gas have traditionally been the alternative fuels of choice for fleet vehicles. Until recently, the primary motivation for converting to alternative fuels was to reduce operating and maintenance costs.
On a cents per mile basis, natural gas is probably the cheapest alternative fuel, followed by propane, then methanol alcohol and finally ethanol alcohol.
The up front costs for converting a vehicle to propane range from $1500 to $3000, and $2500 to $4000 for compressed natural gas depending on the application. This only includes the cost of modifying the fuel and ignition system, and does not include any costs associated with "optimizing" the engine through internal modifications (which we'll get to later). Despite the high initial conversion costs, most fleets get a fairly rapid payback thanks to the savings realized by lower fuel and operating costs.
Alternative fuels have worked for fleets because fleets can set up their own centralized refueling facilities. But the availability of refueling locations has been and will continue to be an obstacle to the widespread acceptance of any alternative to gasoline. It costs big bucks to build duplicate refueling and distribution facilities for alternative fuels. So we've been faced with the "chicken and egg" syndrome. The car makers do not want to build vehicles for the general public that can only run on a special alternative fuel because the fuel is not readily available. And fuel suppliers do not want to add alternative fuel infrastructure if there are few vehicles that can use an alternative fuel.
E85 (85 percent ethanol alcohol and 15% gasoline) and M85 (85% methanol alcohol and 15% gasoline) currently are the only alternative fuels that have some availability (though limited) because they can be burned in specially-equipped "flex-fuel" vehicles. Flex-fuel vehicles can run on anything from straight gasoline up to 85% ethanol or methanol alcohol. See Methanol and Ethanol Alcohol subheads below.
Unlike E85 and M85 which are both liquid fuels, propane (also known as Liquefied Petroleum Gas, LP-Gas or LPG), and natural gas are both gaseous fuels. That means they are a vapor at room temperature and must be contained in a special high pressure fuel cylinder. Natural gas can be used as compressed natural gas (CNG) or Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG).
About 60% of the propane that's produced comes from natural gas wells. The rest is a byproduct of crude oil refining. The price of propane fluctuates seasonally and like all energy sources has been rising in price.
Propane has been used since the 1930s, so it has a long history as a motor vehicle fuel. Today it is used to power cabs, school buses, recreational vehicles, delivery trucks, farm vehicles and zillions of industrial fork lift trucks. The National Propane Gas Association estimates there are half a million propane-powered vehicles on the road in the U.S today. Most burn propane exclusively, but some have dual-fuel capability and can switch back and forth with gasoline. NLPGA also says there are about 10,000 LP-gas refueling facilities nationwide, which means the fuel is available in many areas.
As a fuel, propane contains somewhat less heat energy per gallon than gasoline (91,547 BTUs versus 116,000 BTUs for gasoline). But on a pound per pound basis, it delivers almost the same energy as gasoline (21,591 BTUs) -- which means an engine converted to propane consumes about 10% more fuel in terms of miles per gallon with little or no loss in horsepower. Carbon monoxide (CO) emissions are naturally low but hydrocarbon (HC) emissions may actually be somewhat higher with propane. Even so, the emissions are considered to be "less reactive" in forming smog.
Propane produces less carbon and blowby in the engine itself, which extends the life of the spark plugs and oil. Oil change intervals can usually be doubled or even tripled with propane.
Propane is a gaseous fuel and boils at -44 degrees F., so it must be kept in a pressurized fuel tank. Pressurizing propane turns it into a liquid, which allows more fuel to be stored in a smaller volume. A typical 25 gallon capacity propane tank holds about 180 lbs. of liquid fuel at 175 psi when filled to 80% capacity -- which gives approximately the same driving range as an equivalent tank of gasoline.
Propane's octane rating is 103 which allows it to handle more compression that gasoline. Propane is also a "dry" fuel which means it enters the engine as a vapor rather than as droplets of liquid. Dry fuels mix with air better than wet fuels, and provide a more uniform air/fuel mixture to each of the engine's cylinders. This promotes cleaner combustion, easier starting and fewer cold driveability problems.
But dry fuels such as propane and natural gas don't cool or lubricate the valves like gasoline does, which means valve burning, wear and recession can be a problem if the engine doesn't have hard seats. Any engine that's designed to burn unleaded gasoline can handle propane without problems, but older engines or truck engines may have to have hard seats installed.
If an engine is being rebuilt for a vehicle that burns propane, the stock compression ratio can be increased up to 10:1 to take advantage of propane's higher octane rating. Special attention also needs to be paid to the valves. Hard seats must be installed if the heads don't already have them. Most experts recommend using a 1/16 to 3/32 in. wide seat on the intakes and a full 3/32 in wide seat on the exhaust valves with no interference angle. Both valve and seats should be cut or ground to 45 degrees. Careful attention should be paid to valve and seat concentricity to prevent hot spots.
Because propane is a dry fuel, it doesn't "wash down" the cylinder walls like gasoline does. This reduces cylinder bore wear but can also create ring seating problems if the wrong type of rings are used or the bores haven't been honed properly.
Recommendations vary, but one leading ring manufacturer says to use either cast iron or moly top compression rings in propane fueled engines. Chrome rings are not recommended. The cylinder bores should be bored to within .003 in, of final size, then rough honed with 180 or 220 grit stones to within .0005 in. of final dimensions and finish honed with a 280 grit stone -- or stroked six to 10 times with a 400 grit stone to "plateau" the surface.
Other engine modifications that can be made to optimize performance with propane include eliminating manifold preheating by blocking the exhaust crossover passageway on a V6 or V8 engine, altering the ignition curve (electronically or by recalibrating the distributor) and decreasing the spark plug gap (.035 in. is recommended with electronic ignition).
Another change that's recommended is to use a motor oil specially formulated for LP-gas. Ordinary motor oils contain additives to neutralize the blowby contaminants from gasoline. But these additives aren't needed with propane and can actually cause deposits of their own. Oils designed for propane applications have a "low ash" additive package.
Like propane, natural gas is a dry gaseous fuel. The same recommendations that apply to modifying an engine for propane also apply for natural gas. For a straight conversion or dual-fuel application, switching to natural gas will produce about a 10% loss of horsepower -- unless the engine is optimized for natural gas by increasing compression, in which case there's no difference in power.
Natural gas is primarily methane. As a motor fuel, it has the highest octane rating of any of the other alternatives at 130, which means it can handle compression ratios of up to 15:1! Methane is also the cleanest burning fuel with substantially lower CO and HC emissions than propane, gasoline, or the alcohols. It's also the cheapest of the bunch at 72 cents for the energy equivalent of a gallon of gas.
But methane has some drawbacks. One is it's low energy content. It takes about 100 cubic feet of methane to deliver the same amount of horsepower as a gallon of gasoline. Consequently, it requires heavy high pressure fuel tanks. A typical 140 lb. natural gas fuel tank filled with compressed gas at 2600 to 300 psi holds the energy equivalent of only about four gallons of gasoline -- which limits the driving range to about 90 to 120 miles unless additional tanks are added (which also add weight and bulk to the vehicle).
One way to extend the driving range of a natural gas powered vehicle is use liquefied natural gas (LNG) rather than compressed natural gas. Chilling methane to -260 degrees F. reduces its volume by a factor of 630 to 1, allowing more fuel to be stored in a smaller tank. But a super cold cryogenic fuel tank can't keep the methane liquid indefinitely. As the fuel warms up, it begins to vaporize and must either be vented or used. LNG costs more than CNG because the equipment that's needed to chill the gas is expensive.
Compressing methane isn't cheap either. A two-stage high pressure compressor station for refueling large numbers of vehicles can cost up to $250,000! Smaller compressors for overnight home refueling are available, but even these cost as much as $3000 apiece.
Another drawback that limits methane's potential as an alternative fuel for mass consumption is a limited infrastructure for refueling. Natural gas pipelines are everywhere, and with fracking the supplies of natural gas have expanded significantly causing a drop in natural gas prices. But there are only about 500 refueling facilities for CNG vehicles nationwide.
Natural gas powered vehicles are available from the domestic auto makers. GM and Ford have both produced CNG pickups while Chrysler has built CNG-powered vans. But most of these vehicles are for fleet users, not the general public. Even so, from 2003 to 2011, the number of natural gas-powered vehicles on the road increased at an annual rate of 10%
For information about CNG vehicles you can buy, Click Here.
If you've watched the Indianapolis 500 or an alcohol-fuel dragster, you have seen what methanol can do on the race track. As a high octane racing fuel, it's great. Racers love it because of its high octane rating of 105 allows an engine to run a higher compression ratio and to inhale in a denser fuel charge for up to a 10% increase in horsepower.
But great racing fuels don't necessary make great everyday fuels. Methanol contains only 57,000 BTUs per gallon, which is half that of gasoline. So an engine has to burn nearly twice as much methanol to travel the same distance it would on gasoline.
Methanol is cheaper than gasoline, but when the increased fuel consumption is taken into account the cost per mile for methanol is substantially higher. Even with an optimized engine, methanol delivers only about 60% of the fuel mileage of gasoline limiting a vehicle's driving range unless the size of the fuel tank is nearly doubled.
Most of the methanol that's available today is made from natural gas, but it can also be made from coal -- which is the real reason why methanol is being pushed as a major alternative to gasoline (the U.S has plenty of coal).
The HC, CO and NOX emissions produced by methanol are a little less than those produced by gasoline, but like propane the HC emissions are the lighter molecules that are less reactive. So that's why you hear statements like "methanol is 30 to 50% cleaner than gasoline." But methanol makes some nasty emissions of its own, namely formaldehyde which is 10 times higher than gasoline. A modified catalytic converter is needed to limit these emissions.
Among its other drawbacks, methanol is a very potent solvent, so hoses and plastic components in the fuel system must be made of compatible materials. Methanol also absorbs moisture, which is good, but moisture can cause corrosion problems inside steel tanks and fuel lines requiring the use of stainless steel or specially plated steel.
Fuel availability is another problem with methanol. In California where methanol has been promoted in the past, there are fewer than 100 stations that sell it. Nationwide, methanol outlets are about as scarce as those for compressed natural gas.
Straight methanol may be great on the race track, but it's not so great when used straight on the street -- especially in cold weather. Like gasoline, methanol is a liquid and must first be vaporized before it will combust. But below 40 degrees F. methanol vaporizes very poorly. To overcome cold starting problems, a supplemental gasoline starting system is needed or the fuel must be blended with some gasoline to give it the extra "kick" to get it going. One such blend is called "M85," a mixture of 85% methanol and 15% gasoline.
Ford's "Flex Fuel Vehicle" (FFV) program, GM's "Variable Fuel Vehicle" (VFV) program and Chrysler's "Gasoline Tolerant Methanol Vehicle"(GTMV) program are all based on vehicles that can burn M85 or any other blend of methanol and gasoline. The trick that makes this possible is a fuel sensor that measures the relative proportions of the two fuels in the fuel line so the engine computer can make the necessary adjustments in fuel delivery and spark timing. The flex fuel capability gives consumers the option of burning either fuel or any combination thereof.
Ethanol (grain) alcohol is yet another alternative. At one time, it rivaled gasoline as the motor fuel of choice. But that was in the early days of the automobile. In the 1970s it resurfaced as a fuel extender in Gasohol (a blend of 10% ethanol and 90% gasoline). Today, it is widely used as an octane boosting additive in many premium and mid-grade gasoline. Most regular and premium grades of gasoline contain 10 percent ethanol (E10), and the EPA has approved the use of 15 percent ethanol (E15) in 2002 and newer vehicles. Ethanol is also used in "reformulated" gasoline because it oxygenates gasoline and helps it burn cleaner with lower HC and CO emissions.
Ethanol is much like methanol as far as its fuel qualities are concerned. It has a high octane rating (102) and can be run with higher compression ratios to increase overall engine performance. Ethanol contains more energy per gallon than methanol (76,000 BTUs) but not as much as gasoline so fuel consumption is about 50 to 60% higher with straight ethanol compared to gasoline. Like methanol, ethanol is also sluggish to vaporize at cold temperatures so it works best when blended with gasoline.
Ethanol's primary attraction as an alternative fuel is that it comes from renewable resources. Ethanol is made by fermenting sugar which can come from almost any crop or even garbage. The higher the sugar content, the more alcohol a crop can produce. Sugar cane and sugar beets are good choices for making ethanol, but in the Midwest, the most common crop (and cheapest to produce) is corn, so corn has become the feedstock of choice for making most of the ethanol in the U.S. The crop is ground, mixed with water and yeast to create "mash." After several days, the fermented liquid is then boiled and distilled to separate out the alcohol, a process that requires energy, adds cost and makes ethanol the most expensive fuel of the major alternatives.
Some critics have said that it takes more energy to produce ethanol alcohol from corn than it yields. The US Dept. of Energy has determined that ethanol from corn yields MUCH MORE energy than required to produce it. The latest findings say it takes 740,000 Btu of fossil energy to create and deliver ethanol containing 1 Billion Btu's. The calculation includes the energy consumed to grow and harvest the corn (tractor fuel), the energy to process and ferment the corn, and distill the alcohol (electricity and natural gas), and the energy to transport and deliver the fuel (truck fuel).
Argonne National Laboratory near Chicago says corn ethanol delivers a very positive energy balance. Ethanol requires 24.3% more overall energy input than gasoline to produce, but consumes 32.9% less fossil energy and expends 69.5% less petroleum energy overall. Turning oil into gasoline and diesel fuel requires transporting crude oil to refineries that are often half way around the world (if the oil comes from the Mid-East to the U.S.), and requires a lot of energy to refine the oil into its various end products. And these calculations do not include the HUGE military costs of protecting overseas oil sources.
Ethanol production has been rising, and dozens of ethanol plants have been built across the corn belt states. The demand for ethanol has driven up corn prices. Corn that used to sell for $2 a bushel increased to $5 to $6 a bushel, but more recently has been around $3.40 a bushel (2018). Higher corn prices are good news for farmers but bad new for ethanol fuel producers because it makes ethanol more expensive to produce.
If you live on a farm and grow your own corn, why not make your own alcohol fuel?
Another book you might find interesting is The Ethanol Papers Book by Marc J. Rauch of The Auto Channel. Marc takes an in-depth no B.S. look at the many issues and myths surrounding the use of ethanol alcohol as a motor fuel. .
As the technology for making ethanol out of non-food sources such as cellulose (cork stalks, wood fiber, even paper) improves, the energy balance favoring ethanol will be even better. Making ethanol out of cellulose requires special enzymes that can break down the starchy fibers into fermentable sugars. But the enzymes are expensive. They used to cost about $5 a gallon and have come down to less than 20 cents a gallon. Analysts say if the price of enzymes can get down to ten cents a gallon, making ethanol from cellulose will be competitive with making it from corn or other food crops.
Like gasoline and diesel fuel, alternative fuel prices can vary according to market forces, politics, weather and location. With ethanol, when corn prices are high, ethanol becomes more costly and costs more than gasoline. Conversely, when corn prices are low, ethanol is less expensive and costs less than gasoline. Below is a comparison of alternative fuel prices for July 2018:
Hydrogen is one of the most abundant elements on Earth. However, it does not exist in a free state but is combined with other elements such as oxygen to form water (H2O), methane (CH4) and other hydrocarbon compounds. So it has to be separated from these other elements to create pure hydrogen. Hydrogen can be separated by water using an electric current (electrolysis). But most commercial hydrogen is produced from natural gas using a high temperature steam reforming process. This makes hydrogen about three times more expensive than natural gas.
The main advantage of hydrogen as an alternative motor fuel is that it burns clean, producing only water vapor but no carbon dioxide. However, the high temperature at which it burns can form oxides of nitrogen so combustion temperatures have to be limited by EGR, and some type of exhaust aftertreatment has to be used to reduce NOX emissions in the exhaust.
Hydrogen is a low density gaseous fuel, similar to propane or natural gas. According to the U.S. Dept. of Energy, the energy in 2.2 pounds (1 kilogram) of hydrogen gas is about the same as the energy in 1 gallon (6.2 pounds, 2.8 kilograms) of gasoline. However, because hydrogen has a low volumetric energy density, it must be stored as a highly compressed gas (5,000 to 10,000 PSI) to achieve the driving range of a conventional vehicle. This requires heavy and expensive fuel tanks to store the fuel.
Internal combustion engines are only about 30 to 35 percent efficient, so a better way to use hydrogen as an alternative fuel is to use it as a power source for an electric vehicle rather than an internal combustion engine. as the power source for a fuel cell in an electric vehicle. When used in a fuel cell, energy conversion efficiency can be 60 percent or higher. Toyota has a hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicle called the Mirai that has a range of over 400 miles on a tank of hydrogen.
AFV Alternative Fuel Vehicle
B20 Biodiesel 20 percent blend with ultra low sulfur diesel
B100 Biodiesel 100 percent from renewable sources
CNG Compressed Natural Gas
E10 10 percent blend of ethanol with 90 percent gasoline
E15 15 percent blend of ethanol with 85 percent gasoline
E85 A blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline
FFV Flexible Fuel Vehicle (Ford) Can run ethanol/gasoline mixtures
GTMV Gasoline Tolerant Methanol Vehicle (Chrysler)
LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas (propane)
LNG Liquefied Natural Gas (methane)
M85 Mixture of 85% methanol alcohol & 15% gasoline
NGV Natural Gas Vehicle (methane)
VFV Variable Fuel Vehicle (GM) | <urn:uuid:be5f0a41-1ee9-4612-bffb-adaa81c69e22> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aa1car.com/library/alternative_fuels.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.943648 | 4,495 | 2.671875 | 3 |
The relationship between parent and practician or the service that they are working within is important to the effectual result for all those concerned. It now seems impossible in modern Britain to conceive of developing any sort of relationship with a kid without taking into history the wider household and the impact it has on that kid. Given that this is the instance it is indispensable to understand the nature of that relationship and although there can be many types. the most effectual parent-practitioner relationship is a partnership.
Ideally. this would be defined by common engagement. shared power. affecting the expertness of both spouses. with understanding about purposes and procedure. dialogue. common regard and trust. and unfastened and honest communicating. In caring for person else’s kid. we necessarily work within an ‘emotional framework’ ( BOVE 2001 ) and need to guarantee that the ‘equivalent expertise’ of parents is to the full recognised. Although the thought of partnership is widely accepted in current service policy. its significance is seldom to the full understood.
Dictionary’s provide a scope of significances from “a individual who takes portion with another in making something” to “an accomplice” but a parent- practician partnership has to be one in which both parties work closely together with active engagement and engagement as opposed to the professional working on ( e. g. handling ) the parent. A fitting definition of partnership working that sits with this ethos is: ‘… . cross sector confederation in which persons. groups or administrations agree to: work together to carry through an duty or set about a specific undertaking ; portion the hazards every bit good as the benefits ; and reexamine the relationship on a regular basis. revising their understanding as necessary. ’ ( Quoted in Partnership made painless – a joined-up usher to working together. Harrison R et Al. Russell House Publishing. 2003 ) In instruction. the thought of a partnership between parents and practicians has been around for many old ages. In the late 1970s the Warnock Report reviewed proviso for kids with particular educational demands in England and Wales.
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The study contained an influential chapter entitled ‘Parents as partners’ ( CEEHCYP. 1978 ) . In 2003 the authorities published a green paper called Every Child Matters ( ECM ) . This started a large argument about services for kids. immature people and households. There was a broad audience with people working in children’s services. and with parents. kids and immature people. The administrations involved with supplying services to kids and immature people – from infirmaries and schools to constabularies and voluntary groups – began to team up in new ways. sharing information and working together to protect kids and immature people from injury.
Following the audience. the authorities published Every kid affairs: the following stairss. and passed the Children Act 2004. supplying the legal model for developing more effectual and accessible services focused around the demands of kids. immature people and households. In November 2004. Every kid affairs: alteration for kids was published. This outlines the manner local programmes for kids. immature people and households should be developed. Every Child Matters emphasises a vision for working with households that puts results for kids and immature people foremost.
It stated that working together as a partnership had a positive consequence on parenting. For illustration. more self-assured grownups are likely to be more self-assured parents. Together from the start. counsel published in 2003. on which the Early Support programme is based. said: ‘Parents have rights and duties in relation to the development and attention of their kid. Professionals have a responsibility to admit and understand the alone function and relationship each parent has with their kid. ‘ This focal point is shared by many other and more wide-ranging policy enterprises.
The Children’s Plan. Building brighter hereafters. which sets out a ten-year Government docket from 2007. identifies partnership with parents as its ‘unifying theme’ . A partnership needs to esteem the particular cognition that each spouse brings to the relationship. Parents are the experts on their ain kids and when a partnership is built upon the wellbeing and the rights of all concerned and portion common ends and shows common regard for differing functions and sentiments. so kids. parents and practicians will all profit. There are a figure of basic rules of partnership as defined in the
Quality in Diversity in Early Learning ( Early Education Forum 1998 ) . Below is a brief sum-up of these rules and how they can be achieved within a scene or any relationship: * Respect children/adults as persons irrespective of ability. disablement. race and faith. Encourage persons to convey in points from place to inform groups/practitioners about their civilization or every twenty-four hours experiences. Personalised passage phases. * Respect cultural differences and beliefs in raising a kid and research these with unfastened and sensitive duologue.
Speak to the parents about their belief systems and how they differ. research thoughts that may non be evident to them. Self-education sing differing civilizations. * Have a willingness to associate to kids and their parents in diverse ways and to portion the duty of the relationship Home/school understandings. ‘Family plan’ brochures. Agreed purposes and aims and clear result indexs. * Respect parents in their determinations. Set up good communicating methods Internet Explorer. communicating book. Put up parent councils for scenes. Regular provender back questionnaires. * Commit to pass on on a regular basis and in every bit many linguistic communications as needed.
Translators. Literature in differing linguistic communications. Parent notice boards. Newsletters. * Commit to listen to parental positions and take their concerns into history Regular meetings and unfastened communicating. Feedback questionnaires. Parent yearss. * Clear communicating about the ways in which parents can lend to their child’s instruction and better the quality of the scene at place every bit good as exterior. Offering rearing groups ( i. e. PEEP ) Rearing classs ( i. e. literature and numeracy ) * Clear communicating channels between parent and practician to portion cognition. Communication book. being accessible and hearing.
Acting on the parents suggestion. Discoursing purposes and results. * Clear processs to back up parents going involved in the direction and twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours life of their kids in assorted scenes. Home/school understandings. Parent audience yearss. Parent workshops. Open entree. Partnership is non a relationship that can develop rapidly and of course ; it requires clip. attempt and accomplishment. It besides follows that an effectual partnership may non be possible in all instances or at all times ; it depends upon what the participants bring to the state of affairs. and some may non desire or be able to work with others in this manner.
The better the partnership between the parent and practitioner the easier it will go to accomplish agreed results. Parents will be more in control and motivated and will understand what is expected of them in their function as spouse. In sharing the procedure the parent will experience more sceptered and is more likely to pull on lessons learnt in times of future trouble. Their trust of professionals will besides be reinforced and they are more likely to inquire for aid in other facets of their lives.
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- The undercover parent Essay | <urn:uuid:74dfa273-35c0-403a-ac4b-313575c7ee54> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://free-essays.us/analyse-the-ethos-of-partnership-with-parents-essay | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.948757 | 1,679 | 2.84375 | 3 |
The polish cities – which are most popular with investors?
Warsaw, Wroclaw, Poznan, Lodz, Tricity, Cracow and Katowice for the first time – these are the cities analysed in the 3rd edition of the Antal survey entitled “Business Environment Assessment Study”, with Cushman & Wakefield and Vastint acting as the BEAS partners, and PAIH and Pro Progressio Foundation which took the patronage over it. The investment development of the Polish cities is shaped mainly by employment potential, infrastructure and availability of office space, as well as educational potential. How do the individual cities score in the ranking?
The reports are based on the subjective assessment of the top decision-makers (CEOs, board members and department directors) of companies present in Poland. The study analysed seven factors that influence the attractiveness of cities and encourage investment. These are: infrastructure, office space, public administration support, educational potential, employment potential, business potential and the assessment of the location as a place to live.
Poland rises through the ranks
In the face of the Covid-19 pandemic and the global economic crisis, decision-makers are increasingly pondering whether to invest in development and, if so, where? Poland is known for its relatively low labour costs, which makes it still an attractive location for foreign investments.
The increased interest in investment is also visible in the portfolio of projects implemented with the support of the Polish Investment and Trade Agency (PAIH). In 2020, the Agency handled nearly 200 investment projects, the total value of which was almost 10 percent higher compared to the previous year. The main reasons for locating investments in Poland are well-educated employees who are open to innovations. The strategic location of Poland on the map of Europe, favourable investment climate and economic stability work to our advantage – comments Monika Grzelak from the PAIH Investment Centre. We expect that in 2021, the positive investment trend will be maintained and that Poland will be one of the beneficiaries of the post-pandemic order –adds Monika Grzelak.
Poland is developing dynamically. The more so when it comes to transport infrastructure, both road, rail, air and sea – which increases significantly the interest of potential investors. One of the main assets of the Tri-City, which makes this metropolitan area stand out in comparison to other urban centres in Poland, is a direct access to Poland’s largest seaport. In other locations, transport infrastructure will be a strength, e.g. in Warsaw or in Łódź, which both owe a lot to their central location on Poland’s map – points outRadosław Kostka, Acquisition Manager at Vastint.
The power of change in infrastructure – Poland’s capital city in the lead
Warsaw’s unique character consists of a high quality of life with a modern transport infrastructure, an extensive cycling route network and ubiquitous greenery. Warsaw is the leading academic centre in Poland. The majority of Warsaw’s inhabitants have higher education, the number of students reaches almost 220,000, the number of graduates is over 50,000 per year. This gives Warsaw residents language skills, specialist knowledge and a high-performance work culture and provides investors with access to highly qualified staff, while Warsaw – with competitiveness on the international labour market.
An important factor contributing to Warsaw’s reputation is the consistent urban policy dedicated to Warsaw’s entrepreneurs and residents. Poland’s capital is an open, friendly and dynamically developing metropolis. Thanks to its investment potential and its central location in Europe, for years it has been an undisputed regional leader in terms of economic development and the maturity of the office space market – comments Rafał Trzaskowski, Mayor of Warsaw. In 2020, the total of 314 thousand sq. m. of office spacewas added to Warsaw’s office market. If forecasts are to be believed and if the planned projects are to be implemented in 2021, Warsaw’s office market will soon reach the scale of 6 million sq. m. of office space – adds Trzaskowski.
Original office space and attractive prices – the strength of Polish real estate
When analysing the global real estate investment attractiveness index in particular cities, the following elements were assessed: availability of office space, quality of available office space, access to the office by public transport, quality of additional services located in the building or in its immediate vicinity, and attractiveness of office space prices. Depending on the type of investment, it is advisable to choose a city which can offer the highest rating which is relevant for your business. For some, it will be the favourable price-to-rent ratio, for others – creative interior design.
Over the past 15 years, the regional office markets in Poland have developed their offer for tenants. Competition between different regions of the country and at the level of individual cities has enriched the quality of investments and the diversity of the offer. These factors, combined with the natural geographic dispersion of regional markets, create an attractive response to the needs of investors affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The significant development of office resources in Łódź and Katowice in recent years and the expected increase in resources in smaller urban centers increase the investment attractiveness. The office market in Poland is well prepared to compete for new global business processes. The geographical diversification of the Polish office market makes it easier to compete with other countries and fosters expansion inside the country – comments Michał Galimski, Partner, Director of Regional Markets in the Office Agency Department, Cushman & Wakefield.
The strength of human capital, or the availability of wide talent pool
Several factors influence labour market situation in a given region. Potential investors tend to focus on higher education facilities: the number of universities and the quality of education, as well as on vocational education centres. The number of students in a given field of study, who constitute the educational potential understood as the availability of future employees, is a particularly important indicator. Wrocław, for example, offers access to a wide engineering talent pool, i.e. 27,891 thousand, while Poznań has the largest number of finance majors, with 18,500 degrees awarded. On the other hand, the largest number of IT employees can be found in Warsaw – over 11 thousand students.
The investment potential of cities is strongly correlated with human capital, composed mainly of specialised employees, students and graduates thoroughly educated in specific fields. Large cities such as Krakow, Warsaw, and Wroclaw have long been attracting talented students from all over Poland and abroad, thanks to the offer of Wroclaw’s best universities and a wide range of available majors as well as great professional perspectives on the dynamically developing labour market. Unfortunately, the educational potential is decreasing, which is caused, among others, by population decline, which requires investing in innovative economy –comments Artur Skiba, Antal’s CEO.
Well-trained staff as the key to urban development
The employment potential index indicates the availability of already trained staff in each urban area. If an investment involves the need to employ a large number of engineers or linguists, it is worth taking this factor into account. According to the report, Warsaw is the leader in terms of the number of specialised staff. This is because the local labour market offers a wide range of workers with different qualifications. Also Wrocław and Poznań are ranked high; over the last two years, they have moved up in the ranking.
Wrocław, thanks to the quality of its universities, including the second best technical university in Poland, stands on the podium among top Polish cities in terms of access to talent pool with engineering, IT, linguistic (almost 100% of Wrocław students speak English), analytical and financial skills – says Wiktor Doktór, Chairman of the Board of the Pro Progressio Foundation. On the other hand, what acts as a catalyst for business development in Poznań is the high quality of life in the city. According to the Statistics Poland’s data, the average gross salary of a Poznań resident is also dynamically growing. Despite hard times and the Covid-19 pandemic, the city does not lose its investment attractiveness. Poznań has a wide offer of modern office space to rent at stable rental rates. These are surely important assets which can attract new investors as well as encourage the current ones to stay in the city – adds Doktór.
About the survey
The Business Environment Assessment Study survey was conducted using the CAWI method among the heads of 809 companies in Poland in Q4 2020. The series of reports dedicated to major urban centres in Poland aims to describe the business reality in which companies operate. The material allows to look at the Polish market from the business perspective and indicate the main trends in the economic development of enterprises. The report, which is prepared annually, contains information on the level of remuneration of specialists and managers in the Polish market. The full report is available at: https://antal.pl/wiedza/raport/potencjal-inwestycyjny-warszawy-beas-2021
Antal is the market leader in the recruitment of specialists and managers as well as in human resource consulting. The Antal brand has been present in Poland since 1996. Within Antal Group, there is a Polish branch which was established in 1996, as well as a Czech branch (opened in 2014) and the Hungarian company, Enloyd Hungary. Polish offices located in Warsaw, Wroclaw, Krakow, Poznan and Gdansk carry out projects in Poland and abroad, for the largest global and local companies from all sectors of the economy. We were one of the first recruitment companies in Poland to introduce a matrix division of teams, thanks to which our consultants specialise in both sector-based and position-based recruitment. Currently, Antal has 10 recruitment divisions and teams advising companies on employee assessment and development, employer branding and market analyses. The year 2018 also saw the launch of two innovative services: a platform for freelancers (REX) and a recruitment agency for robots.
About Cushman & Wakefield
Cushman & Wakefield (NYSE: CWK) is the world’s leading advisory firm serving commercial real estate owners and tenants. Cushman & Wakefield is one of the largest real estate advisory firms, with approximately 50,000 employees in 400 offices and 60 countries worldwide. In 2020, its revenue amounted to USD 7.8 billion. The firm’s key services include property, facilities and project management, commercial real estate brokerage, capital markets transaction services, valuations and more. For more information, visit: www.cushmanwakefield.com or follow Cushman & Wakefield on Twitter: @CushWake
Vastint Poland is part of the Vastint Group, an international organisation that has been operating on the European real estate market for 30 years. The company’s main activities include real estate portfolio management and development of office, residential and hotel projects, which provide comfortable and sustainable living, working and leisure environment.
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Tech innovation center to promote herbal tea in Shanxi
The Shanxi Herbal Tea Industry Technology Innovation Center was established on Dec 14 in Taiyuan city, capital of North China's Shanxi province.
The new facility is an initiative made by Shanxi's authorities to give full play to the role of science and technology in promoting the development of the province's herbal tea industry and to make Shanxi herbal tea a brand that is recognized around the world.
Operated by Shanxi Tea Science Society, the center is staffed by a team of professionals in traditional Chinese medicine, tea, botany, food science and the natural sciences from universities, scientific research institutes and herbal tea companies.
The center will carry out technical research and applications for the industry to meet the needs of consumers, provide technical support in processing technologies, quality and safety control, storage and preservation and herbal tea evaluation.
It will also form a production-teaching-research consortium for Shanxi herbal tea, which will provide technological innovation and commercialization and related technical consulting services.
The center will develop production-teaching-research cooperation platforms -- including herbal tea expert workstations and herbal tea technology innovation bases. By doing so, the facility will help the province to develop an entire industrial supply chain for herbal tea, ranging from production, research and development to sales.
To date, the province has become home to more than 200 herbal tea processing enterprises which have developed over 260 kinds of blended and single-product teas, shaping product development, marketing and brand creation. | <urn:uuid:d363549c-54bc-43fe-9013-52cb6725f76d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://shanxi.chinadaily.com.cn/2020-12/16/c_576273.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.909801 | 320 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Do you feel you need to do everything asked of you by your partner or anyone else?
Do you feel you have to fulfill all your partner's needs no matter what?
Are you frightened of being unable to survive without your partner?
Are you picked on and undermined if you question your partner on any issue?
Is your self-esteem low?
Have you lost your confidence?
Do you remember a time when you could think for yourself and deal with most of the things that life throws at you?
Do you ask yourself, "where have I gone wrong and how can I put it right?"
Do you ask yourself, "where is the person who could deal with the daily problems of relationships and life, gone, or indeed have I not yet learned to think and act for myself?"
If you answered YES to any of these questions, then this book is for you.
Life Without Bullying: A Practical Guide is an essential tool in assisting you to change your position from being emotionally dependent on your partner to becoming emotionally independent. It will assist you in changing from being emotionally inadequate to becoming emotionally adequate. This book will enable you to become the person you once were or it can change you to becoming the person you have always wanted to be.
"It is hard to believe how much useful information the author has packed into this slender tome."
--Sam Vaknin, PhD, author of Malignant Self Love: Narcissim Revisited | <urn:uuid:c1ca4972-54ec-4ab9-b7b4-7d4c6725f98d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pointsnorthbooks.com/store/Life-Without-Bullying-A-Practical-Guide-p110556480 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.971911 | 299 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Ah, 2020. It is truly not the worst year in human history – somewhere between 1936-1949 AD would be my guess – but it is definitely one of the strangest. The writer of this piece was being just a little too arch here:
Mink infected with a mutated strain of COVID-19 in Denmark appear to be rising from the dead, igniting a national frenzy and calls from local officials to cremate mink carcasses.
While the sight itself is certainly terrifying for the residents of West Jutland, a region of the country grappling with confirmed COVID-19 cases connected to mink, there is likely a scientific explanation for the zombie-like reemergence from their graves.
Yes, of course there was; the bodies weren’t buried deep enough and internal gasses pushed them to the surface. They came up with ‘six feet under’ for a reason, folks. Sheesh. | <urn:uuid:e562ff53-f96c-4037-b37b-a2fdcf98a333> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://moelane.com/2020/11/25/zombie-mink-outbreak-in-denmark/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.958769 | 193 | 1.796875 | 2 |
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Disclaimer:* Results may vary from person to person | <urn:uuid:dbf70069-4279-46e5-8163-96f308d95def> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.insta-sculpt.com/weight-management/causes-of-overweight/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.959448 | 220 | 2.390625 | 2 |
We invest much of our time and resources on developing new products and enhancing existing equipment for broilers. Why? Around the globe, the consumption of poultry meat is rising: a development that is not surprising. Poultry meat is inexpensive, nourishing – and it tastes good!
In combination with the changing eating habits in many newly industrialised and developing countries and the global population growth, this means: more poultry meat will be produced in the future! | <urn:uuid:65c187fc-2b1e-47d1-8961-2fade9a60c9c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bigdutchman.com/en/poultry-growing/products/broiler-production/?chash=1e84dd74c5f60c2503d7a323d4359c07&cHash=0bc0ae64855874430ab42b606081f7ee/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.94519 | 90 | 2.265625 | 2 |
This paper describes a series of three full-scale furnace tests on post-tensioned LVL box beams loaded with vertical loads, and presents a proposed fire design method for post-tensioned timber members. The design method is adapted from the calculation methods given in Eurocode 5 and NZS:3603 which includes the effects of changing geometry and several failure mechanisms specific to post-tensioned timber. The design procedures include an estimation of the heating of the tendons within the timber cavities, and relaxation of post-tensioning forces. Additionally, comparisons of the designs and assumptions used in the proposed fire design method and the results of the full-scale furnace tests are made. The experimental investigation and development of a design method have shown several areas which need to be addressed. It is important to calculate shear stresses in the timber section, as shear is much more likely to govern compared to solid timber. The investigation has shown that whilst tensile failures are less likely to govern the fire design of post-tensioned timber members, due to the axial compression of the post-tensioning, tensile stresses must still be calculated due to the changing centroid of the members as the fire progresses. Research has also highlighted the importance of monitoring additional deflections and moments caused by the high level of axial loads.
This research investigated the fire performance of unprotected timber floors, focussing on composite joist floors, composite box floors and timber-concrete composite floors. The study of these floors was conducted using the finite element software ABAQUS using a thermo-stress analysis in three dimensions, and with experimental fire tests of floor assemblies. The major goal of this research was to develop a simplified design approach for timber floors, validated against the numerical and experimental work.
Four furnace tests were conducted on unprotected timber floor systems in the full-scale furnace at the BRANZ facilities in New Zealand. A sequentially coupled thermal-stress analysis was conducted to determine the effects of a fire on floor assemblies under load. The thermal modelling predicted the charring damage of the floors tested in the experiments to within a few millimetres of precision, and the simplified assumptions made in relation to fire inputs, boundary conditions, mesh refinement and effective material parameters were accurate to the desired level of precision. A sensitivity study was conducted comparing different mesh sizes, time step sizes, material model approaches and software suites to determine any shortfalls which may be encountered in the analysis. It was found that a material model adopting a latent heat approach was the most adequate for modelling timber in fires using these effective values, and mesh sizes of up to 6 mm produced relatively precise results.
The structural modelling predicted the displacement response and failure times of the floors to within 20% of the experimental data, and the simplified assumptions made in relation to fire inputs, boundary conditions, mesh refinement and effective material properties were once again accurate to the desired level of precision. A modification to the reduction in tension strength at elevated temperatures was proposed to better predict the observed behaviour. A sensitivity study concluded that the material model definition plays a vital role in the output of the modelling. Non-standard fire exposures were also modelled for completeness.
A simplified design method to estimate the fire resistance of unprotected floor assemblies was also developed. The method uses a bi-linear charring rate the assumption of a zero strength layer in the timber. The method was compared to the experimental data from this research and others around the world. The results were also compared to other charring rate methodologies from around the world.
: This paper describes a series of full-scale furnace tests on loaded post tensioned LVL beams. Each beam was designed to exhibit a specific failure mechanism when exposed to the standard ISO834 fire. In addition to the beams a number of steel anchorage protection schemes were also investigated. These included wrapping the ends in kaowool, using intumescent paint, covering the anchorage with fire rated plasterboard and covering the anchorage with timber (LVL). The results of the full-scale tests cover temperature distributions through the timber members during the tests, the temperatures reached within the cavity and those of the tendons suspended within the cavity, the relaxation of the tendons during the test, the failure mechanisms experienced, and a summary of the anchorage protection details and
their effectiveness. Recommendations for the design of both post-tensioned timber beams and associated anchorages are also provided.
The acceptable solutions provided in the 2010 National Building Code (NBC) Division B limits the use of combustible (wood) construction based on building height. For example, for Group C (Residential), Group D (Business and Personal Services) and Group E (Mercantile) occupancies, combustible construction can be used up to 4 storeys, and up to 2 storeys for Group A – Division 2 (Assembly) occupancies. In addition to the building height limitation, there are also building area limitations in the 2010 NBC for the use of combustible construction for these occupancies. For buildings that exceed the height and area requirements for combustible construction, the prescriptive requirements in the 2010 NBC require that noncombustible construction be used for the primary structural elements.
Three materials were selected for investigation as encapsulation materials for combustible structural elements: Type X gypsum board (12.7 mm thick and 15.9 mm thick), cement board (12.7 mm thick) and gypsum-concrete (25 mm thick and 39 mm thick). This report documents the results of intermediate-scale furnace tests conducted to investigate the performance of the three encapsulation materials. | <urn:uuid:f8ff4676-f441-4760-9f18-1b7e4838be5c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://research.thinkwood.com/en/list?q=keywords_txt%3A%22Furnace+Tests%22&p=1&ps=&sort=title_sort+asc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.94155 | 1,146 | 1.929688 | 2 |
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Garlic: Garlic is a rich dietary source of sulfur compounds that aid in the chelation of heavy metals. Additionally, it is rich in nutrients that support antioxidant status, including stimulating glutathione production. | <urn:uuid:8a66dbc1-4ae2-40be-8b9d-7b4d4fc11677> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shop.connersclinic.com/products/phase-0-assist | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.910026 | 554 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Reza Aslan’s story is a compelling one. In the 70s he moved to the United States from Iran and converted to Evangelical Christianity at the age of 15, an experience he describes as very honest and real, though thoroughly American. Aslan wanted to be a part of something bigger than himself. He found God and America. However, as he researched the history of Jesus during college, his faith began to wane. At the encouragement of Jesuit priests at his school, he explored the faith of his forefathers—Islam—and eventually converted. This story resonates with many people in the United States today, and may be one reason why his recent book, “Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth” is so popular among such a wide audience.
Released in July, “Zealot” attempts to dig past centuries of theology and religion to get to the historical life of Jesus of Nazareth, the man who is the focal point of the Christian faith. Because of Aslan’s previous books, which address Muslim and Middle East issues, as well as the scholarly nature of his work, the general Christian audience probably wouldn’t have cared about his book, if they even heard about it. However, that all changed after a fateful interview on Fox News. The interview went viral widely due to the incompetence of the interviewer, skyrocketed the book into notoriety and landed it on top of several best-selling lists.
Many book reviews on “Zealot” have come out, some better than others. But too many of those reviews were written without reading the book. The kneejerk reaction to a Muslim writing a book about Jesus is a reflex that many people unfortunately share, both ignoring Jesus’ prominent place in Islam and dismissing the possibility of a Muslim scholar writing an honest book on a historical subject. However, as I near the end of the book, I have some thoughts to share.
First, Aslan is qualified to write the book, so long as it is taken for what it is: a popular synthesis of the research undertaken by numerous other experts. Aslan holds a bachelor’s degree in religious studies and a master of theology from Harvard Divinity School, and much of his doctoral work focused on religion and religious history. And quite frankly, even if he didn’t have religion degrees from quality schools, people without comparable qualifications have written excellent books on Christianity and its principle subject.
Currently an Associate Professor of Creative Writing at the University of California Riverside, Aslan is a vivid writer who crafts scenes and adds flesh to the historical realities of the time that are exquisite. Many Americans have never conceptualized the realities of living as a conquered people in their own land, but that was Jesus’ experience. Aslan paints this picture well and succeeds in making a potentially boring subject, such as history, engaging.
Now, about the book itself…
To anyone who has spent time studying the various “quests” for the historical Jesus, this book doesn’t offer much new information. As a theology student, most of what Aslan is saying I’ve heard before. He draws from a deep well of scholarly tradition when he crafts this argument about who Jesus is. This is probably why a large portion of the scholarly community let out a collective “meh” when the book was released. Many were already entrenched in their respective sides of the issue. While there are scholars on both sides of the argument, the one thing Aslan’s argument isn’t new.
Aslan’s basic thesis is that the most important things about Jesus’ life can be deciphered from his death. Jesus, he claims, was killed for the crime of sedition—an aspiration to overthrow the state—against Roman Empire. The Romans, Aslan argues, would not have crucified Jesus if he were the gentle, meek figure that is discussed in churches and popular culture today. Instead, Aslan casts Jesus as one in a long line of Jewish revolutionaries with messianic hopes, hopes that had nothing to do with going to heaven or salvation from sin and everything to do with throwing the Romans out of their land and putting Israel’s God in charge by any means necessary. He challenges the notion that Jesus was an apolitical figure, detached from the realities of the world around him. To Aslan, the very fact that he entertained messianic aspirations meant that Jesus—and others—saw himself as the one who will organize the Jews and initiate the kingdom of God in their midst. Aslan argues these points vigorously and quite well. It is up to the reader to make his or her own decision about Jesus of Nazareth after reading this book because Aslan’s is crystal clear.
I had some problems with the book. First, I didn’t like how Aslan utilized Josephus as a primary source. Josephus was a first-century Jewish historian, and one of the earliest people to make a non-biblical reference to Jesus’ crucifixion. While Josephus can be useful in some areas, most scholars are wary to place too much weight on his writings as a valid source by itself. To someone who doesn’t know, they might leave Aslan’s work thinking that Josephus was a top-notch historian totally free from bias. I do think that Aslan knows that and is simply using Josephus to move the narrative along, but the average reader probably won’t pick that up.
Aslan’s book might have been helped by a clear distinction between his own thoughts and those of others. The back of the book does include extensive endnotes, so it isn’t as if he isn’t citing his sources, but the point at which his own claims end and those of other scholars begin often remains vague.
But my major critique of the book is this: the book actually is about Christianity. Aslan has said in numerous interviews that the book isn’t an attack on the faith. From listening to his interviews and his personal story, I don’t believe that he holds malice toward Christianity. However, it doesn’t take him long to call particular aspects of Jesus’ life that are detailed in the Gospels into question. Granted, any foray into discussing the historical Jesus will ultimately lead to asking those very questions. Jesus preached, he was a healer and exorcist, and he died via crucifixion. That is what most scholars, liberal or conservative would agree on; however, that doesn’t make for a very compelling book. But including discussions about Jesus’ view of himself or the virgin birth are certainly provocative enough to hold readers’ attention, particular to a popular crowd that usually isn’t privy to these conversations.
The book is separated into three parts. The first third of the book sets the stage for the tumultuous time into which Jesus was born. The second deals with Jesus and offers suggestions as to how he came to be a person that Rome and the priestly Jews would want to eliminate. It’s toward the end of the second part and going into the third when the book begins to discuss what happens after Jesus died. And if Aslan’s opinion about Jesus’ identity weren’t apparent up to the point, it is blatantly obvious once you reach this point. To him, a review of historical evidence demonstrates that the “Christ of Faith” is the result of the historical Jesus of Nazareth being stripped of everything that made him both revolutionary and Jewish. Instead of promoting the ideals of an illiterate, uneducated peasant revolutionary, Hellenized Christian Jews (such as Paul) detached Jesus from earthy concerns and transformed him into a spirit with universal significance. I think it’s misleading to say that “Zealot” is not about Christianity when over a third of the book is given to the author’s take on the historical events that birthed the religion.
With that said, I think there are many gems in this book, and those gems outweigh any problems. Whether you think Jesus was God or just another Jewish rabble-rouser, you’ll learn something from Aslan’s work. If anything, “Zealot” is a great way to introduce the conversation surrounding the historical Jesus to a new generation of readers, thinkers, and believers. The success of this book proves that Jesus is still a very important figure in our public consciousness. If the historical Jesus is a concept that is new to you, or if you’re looking for a readable entrée to the discussion, give the book a try. It’s a good place to start. | <urn:uuid:2c860927-75f1-463c-90ec-33c6eaf0cd54> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://urbanfaith.com/2013/08/a-review-of-zealot-the-life-and-times-of-jesus-of-nazareth.html/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.977556 | 1,804 | 1.71875 | 2 |
- Substantive editing: suggested corrections with a specific focus on design, organization, style, content, and audience.
- Copy editing: corrected errors with a specific focus on grammar, mechanics, and syntax.
- Proofreading: marked errors in grammar, spelling, syntax and organzation.
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Fill out the contact form for a quote today! | <urn:uuid:2579e0b1-c196-4884-b428-74b7b3941760> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ashleymcarmichael.com/phoenix-from-ash-llc-services/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.846756 | 157 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Gab Learns – Shortages & Supply Issues
There are a few weird things going around in the market – there seems to be a lot of shortages from all aspects, due to supply chain issues, Covid-19 flow on effects and supply and demand! So, what are we dealing with…
First things first, timber.
There’s a certain amount of timber being produced, and it’s not enough for the demand now. So, what are the solutions? We could cut down more trees, sure, but it’s not magic – there is still a process to get that to being able to be used on your building. In the same way there is labour shortages for construction, there is probably shortages of labour in the forestry and timber manufacturing industry. Cutting down trees doesn’t really fix the problem, and from the user end, there’s not a lot we can do. But what can we do from the construction side?
Use other materials like steel? Sure – we could use steel studs instead of timber studs. Here in NZ, houses are generally built out of timber, and even larger buildings like apartments have walls framed in timber between apartments and on the exterior to fill in the openings in the main structure. But there are some things you need to worry about – such as insulation. Steel needs to be insulated in a different way because it transfers energy a lot better than timber does. Typically what people think is sufficient is if you have your steel stud and you put a piece of foam on the outside of that stud before you put on your sheathing/cladding/wrap, they think that closes your thermal bridge, but if the steel is already going through 99% of your insulation and all you have is one foam strip on the outside – is it really going to do that much? Probably not. What we recommend if you’re building with steel is to use external insulation – one continuous layer of insulation completely outside the structure. It’s a great way to be more efficient because it closes all those thermal bridges.
Using different sizes of timber is another option. Usually smaller houses use 4×2’s, however you could go to a 6×2 or an 8×2 because perhaps the supplier has more of these. If you want to frame with 90, but want an efficient wall assembly, you could take your 6×2 (140mm) and cut off 90mm into that leaving you with 45-50 left over. Then frame the walls with the 90mm piece and place the thinner timber horizontally as battens with an air barrier between the timber layers to make a wall with much less thermal bridging . The other thing to save on timber is to get rid of the nogs! Stop using them! There’s a belief that you need nogs, but modern-day houses have gypsum board on the inside and sometimes OSB (chipboard) or RAB on the exterior – if you have those you don’t need nogs! People believe that nogs are required to keep the strength and straightness of your wall – that’s incorrect. If you have interior gypsum board and RAB board on the outside, that keeps your framing straight. The belief is that nogs are needed to prevent the timber from bowing once weight is put on the wall, but if you have something attached to it at 400-600mm centers on either side of it – those studs aren’t going anywhere! They don’t also need extra bits of wood.
The other suggestion is there are a lot of buildings being built with precast concrete, with the structure being precast concrete as well as having that concrete acting as the exterior cladding. It’s thought to be durable and safe, and it is, but it has inefficiencies because it becomes a super heavy building that needs much larger and stronger foundations to hold it up. There’s nothing wrong with concrete, concrete is great – but our recommendation when using it is to put insulation on the outside.
How does that relate to a timber shortage?
If your concrete is warm because you have the insulation on the outside, you do not need a strap and lined wall on the inside (note: don’t use strap and line with fluffy insulation between timber frame on the inside of concrete because of condensation risk). Because the insulation is on the outside , you won’t have to build a timber frame on the inside of that concrete to insulate it a second time, you can just finish the concrete with a stucco, coating, paint, or leave it raw! The only thing you need to work out is where you hide the electricals. If you like the industrial / lofty look you can have exposed nob and tube electrical wires – there are lots of options!
What has been the overall impact on the industry?
The shortage certainly slows some things down, it has people scrounging and pulling timber from other sites and negotiating with suppliers. GIB has a shortage (specifically the company GIB) and are basically one of the only suppliers of gypsum board in NZ (which is another problem altogether) – they are running 24/7 at their factory and still running behind with still not enough supply. The solution? One option is to go overseas and try to import from a different company, for example USG Boral used to have a warehouse here but you can still order from Australia if you know how much you want. USG Boral already has a lot of New Zealand-specific data sheets and compliance statements so it’s a lot easier to use that with council consent etc. The other option is to reduce the amount of GIB required and leave it off the interior. If you are using the concrete system and you insulate on the outside as mentioned above – get rid of your timber framing and plaster or paint over the concrete – that saves you on GIB. It’s hard to do this once you’ve already designed/sold buildings, but if you get creative during design you can make it look great! Get creative with hiding the fixings of the concrete.
What about price inflations? Are people being taken advantage of?
There is skepticism of companies – like gas and oil companies are making record revenue numbers so it does make you wonder if companies are taking advantage of the situation Let’s not speculate though! One issue in NZ, though, is there’s not a lot of competition in the market so we kind of have no choice but to use the few suppliers that are available to us – potentially this is our new normal. Maybe once the construction starts to tail off (usually when interest rates go up the amount of construction happening tends to go down because its more expensive to borrow money) it’ll even out a little bit. Fingers crossed.
Is there anything the Gov’t can do?
There are probably things the Government can do, but should we rely on it? They can put price limits in place but that’s tends to be an over-step that people don’t like.
We are in a bit of a pickle, but there are solutions if you are creative and keep an open mind! You must make certain decisions during design, but if you have three or four different options for suppliers or installers that keeps the competition going. The secondary solution might even be the better solution in the end! Plus, if you keep doing all the things you’ve always done, you are in competition with all other the people who also keep doing the things they’ve always done. If you change things up, you might find some options that aren’t being overstretched at the moment. | <urn:uuid:d8622f68-3a08-4991-b669-ac7afcaf9dae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://oculusltd.co.nz/gab-learns-shortages-supply-issues/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.960824 | 1,599 | 2.28125 | 2 |
17 Jun Creative uses of porcelain tiles
Porcelain tiles are more durable than their ceramic counterparts and considerably less expensive than natural stone.
It used to be the case that porcelain tiles were considered the lower quality option, but this is no longer true. Modern porcelain tiles have a high-resolution ‘print’ which is extremely hard wearing. This lends itself well to foot traffic, which is why porcelain tiles are preferred for flooring in dry and wet areas.
Here are some of the creative uses for porcelain tiles:
A table-top for your coffee table
If you have an old wooden coffee table, or perhaps an outdoor table, why not change its appearance altogether? Creating a porcelain table-top is as simple as sanding down the wooden top and sticking tiles to it once it’s completely flat and level. All you have to do then is grout and install a rim around the edge.
Kitchen or bathroom backsplash
Porcelain tiles cut well down to virtually any size, enabling any savvy tiler to create an intricate backsplash for a kitchen or bathroom from spare floor tiles. The modern trend for grey grout can also be taken on to contrast beautifully with light tiles or blend in with dark tiles to create a seamless or eye-catching feature.
Around the lawn
You don’t have to use chunky paving slabs around your lawn. In fact, porcelain tiles are perfectly suited to outdoor use because they are frost proof. Unlike ceramic tiles, porcelain tiles are also impervious to water penetration.
The floor outside will need levelling and concreting before the tiles can be installed, using much the same process as when a swimming pool is built. We recommend tiles that are at least 20mm thick for outdoor use. Standard 10mm tiles won’t last.
In your garage
One of the great things about porcelain tiles is their durability. When installed with a sufficient membrane (a shock absorbing material, a bit like underlay) the tiles are extremely resistant to mechanical wear. If your garage has a concrete floor right now than it’s already a good candidate for porcelain tiles.
In your basement
If you have a damp, dark and dreary basement, you can get it tanked, and part of that process includes porcelain tiles for the floor.
A waterproof membrane needs installing first and the gap from the walls to the floor needs sealing with putty or resin. After this you can install porcelain tiles right on top, and your basement won’t be anywhere near as damp. You can eliminate damp further by sealing the walls. This’ll make your basement completely dry.
Combining porcelain tiles with granite or quartz
Porcelain tiles come in all shapes, sizes, colours and patterns, much like granite and quartz worktops. These materials are a match made in heaven because they are both durable and suitable for wet and dry areas.
Some of the most beautiful porcelain tiles include Statuario Elite, Statuario Classic, Glam Gold, Glam Gris and the super-modern Imperia Taupe. Check them out here and if you see anything you like, give us a call. | <urn:uuid:89d1f62e-9c34-420d-a3c5-30d9659f9496> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.omegastone.co.uk/creative-uses-of-porcelain-tiles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.936429 | 682 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Benefits Of Using Whiteboard Animations
Business owners have many choices when it comes to advertising. The owner can choose ads that are aired on TV and radio stations. Owners can also opt for advertising options in newspapers. Finally, the owner can also find a large selection of online advertising. Of course, online advertising is the most popular choice since the business owner can communicate with their clients with ease.
Not to mention, online advertising is cheaper and more efficient. With this said, business owners need to look for amazing and effective online advertising. And, the most ideal option is to create videos. Video can provide better information to clients since they can simply view the video about your solutions. Videos can also help you promote your brand effectively with the use of images and many more. As of now, one of the most effective methods is whiteboard animation video.
Listed below are some of the benefits you can obtain.
Provide clearer facts
One of the most essential benefits of whiteboard animation is it can provide clearer facts to your clients. This is possible since whiteboard videos make use of drawings and words to provide better and more relevant information. Not to mention, by making use of words, you can elaborate on certain factors that can help clients learn more about your services or solutions.
Make advertising more engaging
There are many options when it comes to making a video. Fortunately, an animated whiteboard can make your ad more appealing. For example, you can easily create your own images that can help you easily focus on your target audience. You can also include unique features such as words or phrases to make it more attractive. | <urn:uuid:3040a9a7-4215-4d9e-b57b-a7425bfa6a45> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shoreshim.org/benefits-of-using-whiteboard-animations/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.962248 | 329 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Our bodies’ favorite way of telling us that we’re aging is through pain. There is a specific time of the month or roughly 13 times a year when you wake up like someone French-braided your neck muscles overnight. The pain leaves from the base of your skull, down one side of the neck or the other, and onto the nearby shoulder blade.
This makes the slightest movement and event talking agonizingly. The reason? There are many reasons why someone may wake up one day with such pain. With so many of us starting down at our smartphones or gazing into computers most of the day, it’s no wonder why data from the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention reports that almost 20% of us have experienced unbearable neck pain within the past few months.
When people experience neck pain, they often say, “I slept with my neck wrong”, but in reality, primary-care doctors stick with the idea that you slept the wrong way for your neck and most likely on the wrong pillow.
As you probably know, your neck and head spend plenty of hours every night on the same pillow, which is why choosing the right pillow is the key to the pain-free and healthy neck. For instance, a bamboo pillow contains memory foam which allows your head to be cradled at night, supporting a neutral neck and spine. But a pillow that doesn’t support your head properly during the night will create tension in your neck muscles resulting in excruciating neck pain. When you sleep, you want the tip of your nose to remain perpendicular to your chest, pretty much like you’re going down a waterslide a pillow that’s too firm or maybe too high would push your neck way too far.
Sudden-onset or acute Torticollis
Torticollis is one of a broader type of disorder that presents extension, flexion, or twisting of the muscle of your neck outside their normal position. Torticollis, or “twisted neck,” appears when the neck tends to twist to one side, causing your head lean.
In this case, neither your bedding nor your pillow has something to do with your pain. Torticollis can develop slowly if you have a family record of the disorder, a recent trauma, or an adverse effect of medications.
The characteristic Torticollis initially spasmodic (may cause involuntary contraction of the neck, awkward posture of the neck and head, and abnormal movements) and starts around 31-50 years.
Torticollis can be treated, however, if you choose to neglect these symptoms, it likely becomes permanent. Also, twisting or bending your neck too far or for a longer period will lead to acute Torticollis. It shows us with a few symptoms, although you’ll experience discomfort while at the same time, it will hold your head straight or rotate on one side.
Moving or holding your head on the opposite side will also feel extremely discomforting, let alone that you only have a limited range of motion. How to determine acute Torticollis? Place your hand on the affected side to see if the side that hurts often is tender to the touch. A medical expert will check motor and nerve function to prevent spinal cord injury.
What are Torticollis Symptoms and Signs?
- Since Torticollis is an unusual contraction of the muscle in one side of the neck, your head will tend to lean to one side.
- You won’t be able to turn your head to one side or may have your head slightly turned away from the aching side.
- Neck muscle spasms that are jerky(clonic) and sustained(tonic).
Brachial plexus injury
The brachial plexus is known as a network of nerves that conveys signals from your spinal cord up to your shoulder, arm, and hand. This might occur when these nerves are compressed or stretched.
Minor brachial plexus injuries are also known as burners or stinger and are very common in contact sports like soccer. The most severe brachial injuries result from motorcycle or automobile accidents.
If the nerves connecting your spinal cord to the hands are damaged, this might cause your neck pain.
Your Sleeping Position
We all have our favorite sleeping position. But if yours happen to be on the stomach, you’re doing your neck any favor. Sleeping on the stomach keeps your neck twisted to one side for the whole night, which can stretch your neck muscles and make them feel stiff and sore in the morning.
Not only that, but tummy sleeping can also affect the health of your back. It puts a lot of pressure on it, especially if you sleep on a mattress with not enough support. This makes your belly sink into the mattress, putting a lot of pressure and stress on your spine and the rest of your back.
Sleeping on the back using a memory-foam pillow can support your neck while maintaining your nose properly aligned.
Another morning-neck pain culprit is poor sleep, this can happen due to insomnia, anxiety, and too much caffeine and stress. A study of more than 4,000 people found that those with moderate to severe sleep issues were more likely to face chronic musculoskeletal pain than those who slept without problems.
Although it is a common pain experienced by the adult, neck pain can occur at any age. Over three months, around 15% of the American adults experience neck problems that last an entire day. Typically, some of these conditions are less concerning than others and can usually be alleviated with self-care, such as icing the area, enough rest, a better pillow, or improved posture.
But in case of severe conditions like Torticollis, medical treatments are needed, such as medication, injection therapy, or physical therapy. But when the nonsurgical treatments aren’t showing results, surgical options may be considered. As for the rest of you lying in bed in total agony, a one-click order for the right pillow might prove just right. | <urn:uuid:446d363a-8fc8-4fd7-b427-4170b95cca73> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pulseheadlines.com/morning-neck-pain-why-it-happens-and-how-to-prevent-it/75345/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.942701 | 1,263 | 2.09375 | 2 |
The direct, singular, boundary element analysis formulation is shown to provide a basis for a computationally efficient and accurate shape design sensitivity analysis approach for the structural response of three-dimensional solid objects. The theoretical formulation for surface displacement and traction component sensitivities, and all components of the stress tensor is presented along with a formulation for the recovery of displacement and stress components in the interior of the object under consideration. Discussion of computational issues related to the overall efficiency of these formulations is given, along with numerical results to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of this approach.
Boundary Formulations for Three-Dimensional Continuum Structural Shape Sensitivity Analysis
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Kane, J. H., Zhao, G., Wang, H., and Guru Prasad, K. (December 1, 1992). "Boundary Formulations for Three-Dimensional Continuum Structural Shape Sensitivity Analysis." ASME. J. Appl. Mech. December 1992; 59(4): 827–834. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2894049
Download citation file: | <urn:uuid:47e09b88-4d45-4a8d-b2a3-933a4cb8cf2b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mechanismsrobotics.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/appliedmechanics/article-abstract/59/4/827/389506/Boundary-Formulations-for-Three-Dimensional?redirectedFrom=fulltext | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.845355 | 238 | 1.515625 | 2 |
“Let Your Food be your Medicine and Your Medicine be your Food”, Hippocrates …… this is one of my favourite quotes! Imagine how healthy we could be if we asked ourselves every time we put something in our mouth “is this healthy or not”
Spices have been used since the beginning of time; the spice trade was a very lucrative business. Even baby Jesus was given the gift of Frankincense and Myrrh. Our native communities have The Four Sacred Medicines, Sage, Tobacco, cedar and sweet grass…our ancestors knew the importance of spices and herbs, we need to embrace their wisdom and make spices and herbs part of our daily lives?
Spices not only add flavour, colour, smell and texture but also a much needed medicinal boost. With this in mind, the use of spices does not have to be an expensive or intimidating just do it! Remember a little goes a long way!
Salt – Sore throats and oral health. Lack of salt can cause digestive issues, constipation and low energy/fatigue. Salt is crucial to our endocrine health.
Pepper – Warming and energetic. Good for problems associated with colds. Pepper is found in many herbal formulae to help the body absorb the much needed nutrients and properties found in herbs.
Sage – Used in anxiety, nervous disorders, as astringent, in abdominal disorders and anti-inflammatory. Herbal folklore suggests that Sage will produce longevity and prosperity. Who wouldn’t want that! Sage is a women’s medicine, conferring strength, wisdom, and clarity of purpose. It is a powerful purifying medicine that drives away negative energies. Sage can be found braided and hung in people’s homes, perhaps tied with a ribbon in one of the colours of the medicine wheel. The threefold braid represents body, mind and spirit.
Fennel – Fennel acts as an excellent digestive aid to relieve abdominal cramps, gas and bloating. The fresh stems of fennel can be eaten much like celery; the seeds add a lovely anise flavor to fish and other dishes. Fennel seeds (as well as anise) contain chemicals that help to loosen congestion and make coughs more productive. Fennel also calms the dry, hacking cough of bronchitis. Fennel’s ancient reputation as a weight loss aid still holds up today. Drinking a cup of fennel seed tea 15 minutes before eating a heavy meal seems to take the edge off your appetite. Fennel also tunes up digestion, helping to turn food into energy instead of fat. Women who are going through menopause or are experiencing menstrual problems may benefit from the estrogenic properties of fennel. It has a balancing effect on the female reproductive system and increases the flow of body energy. Extracts of fennel have estrogenic properties that may benefit women going through the hormonal imbalances caused by menopause. Fennel is a sacred herb held in great respect by the Anglo Saxons. Herbal folklore says that fennel will ward off evil spirits, bestows strength & courage, and prolongs life.
Thyme – Is a wonderful for the immune system. A “pick me up”. Thyme is one of the best herbs to use as a cough and cold remedy, addressing all your cold symptoms in a holistic way. Thyme acts both as an expectorant to clear the lungs of congestion and as a antitussive, calming coughing spasms. Thyme tea will settle the stomach, help you sleep, soothe a sore throat, relieve aches and pains, and encourage your body to sweat, helping to eliminate toxins and bring down a fever. Drinking a warm thyme tea sweetened with thyme honey is a pleasant and tasty way to get these benefits. Thyme essential oil can also be used in room diffusers.
Savory – Savory is a carminative herb recommend for gas and digestive upsets, including colic, diarrhea and indigestion. Its antiseptic and astringent properties make it a good treatment for sore throats. A poultice of the leaves gives quick relief to insect bites.
Winter savory has a stronger, more resinous flavor than the milder annual summer savory, both impart a peppery bite to foods and blend well with thyme, marjoram and basil. Both are used to marinate meats, add flavor to beans and vegetables. Savory is known especially as “bean herbs”, because of the added flavor as well a reduction in flatulence and gas.
Marjoram –Marjoram is anti-infectious, antibacterial, dilates blood vessels, regulates blood pressure, and soothes muscles. Herbal folklore states that this herb will create peace, happiness and joy within a person.
Parsley – Parsley leaves and root are high in iron content and rich in vitamins A, B, C and trace minerals. Parsley adds color and aids digestion of the foods we eat and acts to prevent gas and bloating. Good for poor blood, anemia and fatigue. Both parsley leaf and root can be used in teas as a diuretic to rid the body of excess water. This may explain its folklore reputation for helping gout and rheumatism. Parsley does inhibit the histamines that trigger allergies so may help treat sinus infection and congestion. If you would like sweet breath after dinner, simply chew a fresh sprig of parsley, often handily served as a plate garnish in restaurants. Parsley leaves can be crushed and applied repeatedly to a bruise. This remedy may help speed the disappearance of black-and-blue marks. Cautionary – Used to slow flow of breast milk.
Sweetgrass – Sweetgrass is used by almost all Aboriginal peoples in North America for ritual cleansing. When Sweetgrass is walked on, it bends but does not break. Hence, it has been associated with virtue: an injustice can be returned by a kindness, by bending, not breaking. In the native community it is regarded as a male herb.
Cedar – Cedar is used for purification and (taken as a tea) to attract positive energy, feelings, emotions and for balance. Its vitamin C content helped prevent scurvy when fruits and vegetables were unavailable during the winter months. Make sure to try and pick bright green tips.
Cinnamon – The simple touch of cinnamon infuses warmth and energy throughout your body. As part of tea blends, cinnamon improves the taste of less tasty herbs and adds powerful antibacterial power to cold and flu remedies. Cinnamon essential oil is a reliable remedy for athletes foot but should only be applied to the skin when diluted with a carrier oil. Stimulates circulation. Cinnamon clears congestion, is a powerful antiseptic and slight aphrodisiac. Used in cooking, cinnamon aids digestion and is recommended for treating loss of appetite and stomach upset. Cinnamon prevents bloating and flatulence and treats heartburn and nausea.
Nutmeg – Nutmeg is widely used in cosmetics and in flavorings in dental creams, often in combination with peppermint, methyl salicylate and cloves. Historically, nutmeg has been used as a form of medicine to treat many illnesses ranging from those affecting the nervous system to the digestive system. Nutmeg has been used as the active ingredient in commercial cough and congestion preparations such as Vicks cough syrup and in herbal pain relieving ointments. It relieves chronic nervous disorders and heart problems. It also relieves nausea. Cautionary – Large doses can be poisonous.
Clove Bud – Cloves improve the immune system, they are also an antioxidant and doubles as an antibacterial and antimicrobial fighter. Traditionally used for tooth aches by simply chewing on the clove.
Remember that Thanksgiving is as much about feeding the soul as the body. Enjoy this time with your family and friends 🙂 | <urn:uuid:9fe8433d-a92b-4387-a5bf-755a2009a510> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theginkgotree.ca/fall-spices/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.94446 | 1,645 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Financial technology and the blockchain are two interconnected and distinctive parts of 21st-century tech. Each can change the world, and each is already undergoing several key shifts, the results of which we will begin to see with more clarity in the year ahead.
Here are a few of our predictions for how fintech and blockchain will continue to develop in 2022, and beyond.
Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), a relatively new trending blockchain technology, establishes ownership of digital assets and has most famously (or infamously) been applied to digital art. An NFT is a unique and non-interchangeable unit of data stored on the blockchain that can track a unique digital asset’s transfer, ownership and properties. The term non-fungible distinguishes NFTs from other blockchain entities like cryptocurrencies, which are equal in value and mutually interchangeable or fungible.
In the crypto world, currency units are similarly fungible and interchangeable, but not all digital assets are. That’s where NFTs come in. The digitization of media — including art, music, videos, books and even news or blog posts — has confounded the nature of ownership, copyrights, and intellectual property. This is largely due to the ease with which digital media can be copied and reproduced. Nevertheless, NFTs provide a means for owners of different types of digital content to sell and trade their property using the advantages provided by the decentralized crypto space. And we see this relatively new technology as key new emerging trend for 2022.
Online gaming is already big business, recently surpassing movies, music and sports in popularity. Many games even already implement blockchain, including NFTs, into their play. Games like Axie Infinity allow players to create digital NFT creatures with unique characteristics that can be traded for real cryptocurrency to other players. In the property-trading game Upland, users participate in a virtual real estate market where NFTs represent parcels mapped to real-world locations.
These games serve as proving grounds for how NFTs could represent assets in a larger-scale, more dynamic virtual environment like a metaverse in the coming months and years.
In the 1992 science fiction novel Snow Crash, author Neal Stephenson described a virtual world he called the Metaverse — an internet-connected, immersive construct that served as an alternate shared reality for its users. As the internet grew, the metaverse reference gradually made its way into the tech lexicon to describe any large-scale, persistent virtual environment in the online space.
The idea of a metaverse has manifested itself in the gaming world, especially with the recent rise of multiplayer online games and the emergence of affordable virtual reality technology. But these primordial metaverses are limited in scope and self-contained. The vision of the “metaverse of the future” is much more ambitious.
The notion of a metaverse recently hit the news cycle when Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg announced his ambitious intention to transform the social media giant into a massive metaverse experience for its users – even going so far as to change the name of Facebook’s parent company to Meta.
Zuckerberg and others see a virtual world that exists in parallel to our own, where people work, buy, sell and interact. In Snow Crash, Stephenson describes the main thoroughfare, called the “Street” off which the inhabitants can build their own neighborhoods, streets, buildings and other features. This prescient description may as well be describing many of the emerging uses of NFTs as well as their potential value in a Web3 on-chain metaverse.
Decentralised Finance Growth
This is a significant prediction for 2022, with ongoing shakeups of traditional finance providing opportunities for decentralised finance almost everywhere.
The financial space has changed dramatically in the last few years, and even twelve months can make a big difference in the way the general population views new methods of payment and transactions. Increased trust in alternative methods of building capital is one of the main takeaways for 2022-23.
In the following year, we believe decentralised finance will continue to challenge traditional financial models, with ongoing growth in the years which follow.
Blockchain Transforms Social Media
The blockchain isn’t only about cryptocurrency. It seems likely the blockchain will become an integral part of social media in the years ahead. With billions of social media users regularly logging on to their favourite apps, the need for enhanced security is at the forefront of their minds.
A series of social media data security scandals have made some users wary, but the blockchain could help change all that forever. Adopting blockchain tech has the chance to prevent published data from being traceable or copyable, leaving social media fans to enjoy their social channels without concern. This process would also leave them with a higher degree of data ownership than has previously been possible through social media.
Crypto Trading Stays Mainstream
Cryptocurrency has been around in some form for years, but with the COVID-19 pandemic and many of us spending more time indoors, it’s seen exponential growth during 2020-21.
Trends seem to suggest that many of the practices adopted during the pandemic will remain for several years to come, including social distancing. What better way to avoid unnecessary interaction than to handle your finances digitally?
Advanced security means consumers don’t need to worry about data loss or see an advisor at the bank – they can handle both everyday and complex tasks with a few clicks.
Easier access and widespread adoption have already made digital finance the norm. We predict an even greater limit on paper finance in 2022.
Ready to start your own financial journey?
At IQDAX, we specialise in digital asset margin trading. Whether a trader or an investor, our easy-to-use platform helps you access the financial markets securely. Opening an account is quick and easy – so you’ll soon be discovering a world of crypto, commodities, stocks and Forex. | <urn:uuid:904456d2-290d-4412-89d8-37af29839e94> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.iqdax.com/2022/01/10/blockchain-trends-for-2022/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.942315 | 1,238 | 2.375 | 2 |
Islamic economic institutions and the elimination of poverty / edited by Munawar Iqbal.
Contributor(s): Iqbal, Munawar [editor.] | Islamic Foundation | Islamic Development Bank | International Association for Islamic Economics | International Conference on Islamic Economics and Banking (4th : 2000 : Loughborough University). Islamic banking and finance.Material type: BookPublisher: Leicester : Islamic Foundation, 2002Description: xxiii, 310 pages ; 21 cm.Content type: text Media type: unmediated Carrier type: volumeISBN: 0860373126; 0860373177 (pbk.).Subject(s): Banks and banking -- Islamic countries | Banks and banking -- Religious aspects -- Islam | Economics -- Religious aspects -- Islam | Finance -- Religious aspects -- Islam | Poverty -- Religious aspects -- Islam
|Item type||Current location||Call number||Status||Date due||Barcode|
|Book||Main Library Open Shelf Collection||HG3368.A6 .I857 2002 (Browse shelf)||Available||1000091310|
Considered the second of two volumes containing the proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Islamic Economics and Banking, held at Loughborough University UK, during August 13-15, 2000. The first volume is entitled Islamic banking and finance.
Published in association with the Islamic Development Bank and The International Association for Islamic Economics.
Kumpulan Darul Ehsan Berhad (KDEB); donation; 1; 20170523; 0000093079 | <urn:uuid:5a47d76c-474e-4da1-a80d-409005aa90da> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://kohalib.usim.edu.my/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=72346 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.683229 | 315 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Cybercrime has turned the financial sector into a top target. The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), a bureau of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, has issued an advisory asking financial institutions to release details on cyberattacks to build better security strategies against terrorism financing and cyber-related crimes.
The advisory aids financial institutions in understanding their obligations under the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) regarding cybercrime and illicit activity. It addresses institutions such as casinos, depository institutions, insurance industry, money services businesses, mortgage co/broker, precious metals/jewelry industry, securities and futures.
From now on, when issuing reports on fraud and money laundering, details on cyberattacks are mandatory in Suspicious Activity Reports to better fight cybercriminals. The reports should contain IPs with timestamps, virtual-wallet information and device identifiers. Timely notifications and comprehensive reporting of unauthorized access and transactions and other criminal activity may pinpoint further leads.
“BSA reporting by more than 20 financial institutions—on transactions related to cyber-enabled crimes—played an important role in the investigation of an internet-based company, its co-founders, and other collaborators,” FinCEN said. “Criminals used this company to conduct over $6 billion in illicit transactions involving proceeds from cyber-attacks, credit card fraud, child pornography, Ponzi schemes, identity theft, and trafficking in narcotics and other contraband.” | <urn:uuid:6eb3fcd6-05a2-4f4e-896c-d6f17a887714> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dennisnadeaucomplaint.com/banks-must-release-details-on-cyberattacks-says-us-treasury/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.92083 | 300 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Date: 7/14/2022, 1:00 pm—3:30 pm
County: Training Offerings
Location: DISTANCE LEARNING
Sponsor: Redwood Community Services, Inc
This training will cover who are Mandated Reporters and their responsibilities to report child abuse, types of child abuse and neglect, accidental vs purposeful abuse and what, when and where to report abuse. Protection for reporters and penalties for failure to report. This training is intended for those that work with children and youth within the child welfare system or are at-risk of entering. This includes child welfare workers, resource parents, youth sports coaches, youth mentors, teachers and volunteers/staff working with this population. | <urn:uuid:2941591a-3569-4288-9532-dc3630c6d1da> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fostercaretraining.org/course/ensuring-youth-safety-by-understanding-mandated-reporting-12/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.926941 | 156 | 1.695313 | 2 |
By Medea Benjamin and Nicolas J.S. Davies*
People all over this pandemic-infested, war-torn, and poverty-stricken world — who were shocked by the brutality and racism of the Trump administration — are anxiously wondering whether Joe Biden’s presidency will open the door to the kind of international cooperation that we need to confront the serious problems facing humanity in this century.
For progressives everywhere, the knowledge that “another world is possible” has sustained us through decades of greed, extreme inequality, and war, as U.S.-led neoliberalism has repackaged and force-fed 19th century laissez-faire capitalism to the people of the 21st century. The Trump experience has revealed, in stark relief, where these policies can lead.
Joe Biden has certainly paid his dues to and reaped rewards from the same corrupt political and economic system as Trump, as the latter delightedly trumpeted in every stump speech. But Biden must understand that the young voters who turned out in unprecedented numbers to put him in the White House have lived their whole lives under this neoliberal system, and did not vote for “more of the same.” Nor do they naively think that deeply rooted problems of American society like racism, militarism, and corrupt corporate politics began with Trump.
During his election campaign, Biden has relied on foreign policy advisors from past administrations, particularly the Obama administration, and seems to be considering some of them for top cabinet posts. For the most part, they are members of the “Washington blob” who represent a dangerous continuity with past policies rooted in militarism and other abuses of power.
These include interventions in Libya and Syria, support for the Saudi war in Yemen, drone warfare, indefinite detention without trial at Guantanamo, prosecutions of whistleblowers and whitewashing torture. Some of these people have also cashed in on their government contacts to make hefty salaries in consulting firms and other private sector ventures that feed off government contracts.
As former Deputy Secretary of State and Deputy National Security Advisor to Obama, Tony Blinken played a leading role in all of Obama’s more aggressive policies. Then he co-founded WestExec Advisors to profit from negotiating contracts between corporations and the Pentagon, including one for Google to develop artificial intelligence technology for drone targeting, which was only stopped by a rebellion among outraged Google employees.
Since the Clinton administration, Michele Flournoy has been a principal architect of the U.S.’s illegal, imperialist doctrine of global war and military occupation. As Obama’s Undersecretary of Defense for Policy, she helped to engineer his escalation of the war in Afghanistan and interventions in Libya and Syria. Between jobs at the Pentagon, she has worked the infamous revolving door to consult for firms seeking Pentagon contracts, to co-found a military-industrial think tank called the Center for a New American Security (CNAS), and now to join Tony Blinken at WestExec Advisors.
Nicholas Burns was U.S. Ambassador to NATO during the U.S. invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq. Since 2008, he has worked for former Defense Secretary William Cohen’s lobbying firm The Cohen Group, which is a major global lobbyist for the U.S. arms industry. Burns is a hawk on Russia and China and has condemned NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden as a “traitor.”
As a legal adviser to Obama and the State Department and then as Deputy CIA Director and Deputy National Security Advisor, Avril Haines provided legal cover and worked closely with Obama and CIA Director John Brennan on Obama’s tenfold expansion of drone killings.
Samantha Power served under Obama as UN Ambassador and Human Rights Director at the National Security Council. She supported U.S. interventions in Libya and Syria, as well as the Saudi-led war on Yemen. And despite her human rights portfolio, she never spoke out against Israeli attacks on Gaza that happened under her tenure or Obama’s dramatic use of drones that left hundreds of civilians dead.
As UN Ambassador in Obama’s first term, Susan Rice obtained UN cover for his disastrous intervention in Libya. As National Security Advisor in Obama’s second term, Rice also defended Israel’s savage bombardment of Gaza in 2014, bragged about the U.S.’s “crippling sanctions” on Iran and North Korea, and supported an aggressive stance toward Russia and China.
A foreign policy team led by such individuals will only perpetuate the endless wars, Pentagon overreach and CIA-misled chaos that we — and the world — have endured for the past two decades of the War on Terror.
Making diplomacy “the premier tool of our global engagement.”
Biden will take office amid some of the greatest challenges the human race has ever faced — from extreme inequality, debt and poverty caused by neoliberalism, to intractable wars and the existential danger of nuclear war, the climate crisis, mass extinction, and the Covid-19 pandemic.
These problems won’t be solved by the same people, and the same mindsets, that got us into these predicaments. When it comes to foreign policy, there is a desperate need for personnel and policies rooted in an understanding that the greatest dangers we face are problems that affect the whole world, and that they can only be solved by genuine international collaboration, not by conflict or coercion.
During the campaign, Joe Biden’s website declared, “As president, Biden will elevate diplomacy as the premier tool of our global engagement. He will rebuild a modern, agile U.S. Department of State — investing in and re-empowering the finest diplomatic corps in the world and leveraging the full talent and richness of America’s diversity.”
This implies that Biden’s foreign policy must be managed primarily by the State Department, not the Pentagon. The Cold War and American post-Cold War triumphalism led to a reversal of these roles, with the Pentagon and CIA taking the lead and the State Department trailing behind them (with only 5 percent of their budget), trying to clean up the mess and restore a veneer of order to countries destroyed by American bombs or destabilized by U.S. sanctions, coups and death squads.
In the Trump era, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo reduced the State Department to little more than a sales team for the military-industrial complex to ink lucrative arms deals with India, Taiwan, Saudi Arabia, the UAE and countries around the world.
What we need is a foreign policy led by a State Department that resolves differences with our neighbors through diplomacy and negotiations, as international law in fact requires, and a Department of Defense that defends the United States and deters international aggression against us, instead of threatening and committing aggression against our neighbors around the world.
As the saying goes, “personnel is policy,” so whomever Biden picks for top foreign policy posts will be key in shaping its direction. While our personal preferences would be to put top foreign policy positions in the hands of people who have spent their lives actively pursuing peace and opposing U.S. military aggression, that’s just not in the cards with this middle-of-the-road Biden administration.
But there are appointments Biden could make to give his foreign policy the emphasis on diplomacy and negotiation that he says he wants. These are American diplomats who have successfully negotiated important international agreements, warned U.S. leaders of the dangers of aggressive militarism, and developed valuable expertise in critical areas like arms control.
William Burns was Deputy Secretary of State under Obama, the No. 2 position at the State Department, and he is now the director of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. As Under Secretary for Near Eastern Affairs in 2002, Burns gave Secretary of State Colin Powell a prescient and detailed but unheeded warning that the invasion of Iraq could “unravel” and create a “perfect storm” for American interests. Burns also served as U.S. Ambassador to Jordan and then Russia.
Wendy Sherman was Obama’s Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs, the No. 4 position at the State Department, and was briefly Acting Deputy Secretary of State after Burns retired. Sherman was the lead negotiator for both the1994 Framework Agreement with North Korea and the negotiations with Iran that led to the Iran nuclear agreement in 2015. This is surely the kind of experience Biden needs in senior positions if he is serious about reinvigorating American diplomacy.
Tom Countryman is currently the Chair of the Arms Control Association. In the Obama administration, Countryman served as Undersecretary of State for International Security Affairs, Assistant Secretary of State for International Security and Nonproliferation, and Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Political-Military Affairs. He also served at U.S. embassies in Belgrade, Cairo, Rome, and Athens, and as foreign policy advisor to the Commandant of the U.S. Marine Corps. Countryman’s expertise could be critical in reducing or even removing the danger of nuclear war. It would also please the progressive wing of the Democratic Party, since Tom supported Senator Bernie Sanders for president.
In addition to these professional diplomats, there are also members of Congress who have expertise in foreign policy and could play important roles in a Biden foreign policy team. One is Representative Ro Khanna, who has been a champion of ending U.S. support for the war in Yemen, resolving the conflict with North Korea, and reclaiming Congress’s constitutional authority over the use of military force.
Another is Representative Karen Bass, who is the chair of the Congressional Black Caucus and also of the Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Human Rights, and International Organizations.
If the Republicans hold their majority in the Senate, it will be harder to get appointments confirmed than if the Democrats win the two Georgia seats that are headed for run-offs (or than if they had run more progressive campaigns in Iowa, Maine, or North Carolina and won at least one of those seats).
But this will be a long two years if we let Joe Biden take cover behind Mitch McConnell on critical appointments, policies, and legislation. Biden’s initial cabinet appointments will be an early test of whether Biden will be the consummate insider or whether he is willing to fight for real solutions to our country’s most serious problems.
U.S. cabinet positions are positions of power that can drastically affect the lives of millions of Americans and billions of our neighbors overseas.
If Biden is surrounded by people who, against all the evidence of past decades, still believe in the illegal threat and use of military force as key foundations of American foreign policy, then the international cooperation the whole world so desperately needs will be undermined by four more years of war, hostility, and international tensions — and our most serious problems will remain unresolved.
That’s why we must vigorously advocate for a team that would put an end to the normalization of war and make diplomatic engagement in the pursuit of international peace and cooperation our number one foreign policy priority.
Whomever President-elect Biden chooses to be part of his foreign policy team, he — and they — will be pushed by people beyond the White House fence who are calling for demilitarization, including cuts in military spending, and for reinvestment in our country’s peaceful economic development.
It will be our job to hold President Biden and his team accountable whenever they fail to turn the page on war and militarism, and to keep pushing them to build friendly relations with all our neighbors on this small planet that we share.
*About the authors:
- Medea Benjamin is the cofounder of CODEPINK for Peace, and the author of several books, including Kingdom of the Unjust: Behind the US-Saudi Connection and Inside Iran: the Real History and Politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
- Nicolas J. S. Davies is an independent journalist, a researcher with CODEPINK, and the author of Blood On Our Hands: the American Invasion and Destruction of Iraq. | <urn:uuid:e43165af-6cc9-4e2f-a8f8-2e1274997cd7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.eurasiareview.com/23112020-the-foreign-policy-appointments-that-biden-should-make-oped/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.95121 | 2,487 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Project DeathTweet this post
A software development project should end when all required features have been completed. The software is then said to be “feature complete”.
Unfortunately, before they are feature complete, many software applications are thrown in the trash after succumbing to the dreaded Project Death.
Project death? What’s that? Is it (a) dastardly plans for mass murder; (b) the most metal project ever; or (c) a process by which software applications become unsustainable?
That’s right. It’s (b).
I mean (c). 1
1. Don’t go. It will be interesting, I promise.
Charting Project Lifespans
To see how project death arises and how to avoid it, we’re going to look at the life of a software project using a type of chart that I call a Complexity-Time chart.
The X-axis (the horizontal one) will measure development time.
The Y-axis (the vertical one) will measure cumulative code complexity. Although hard to define in a measurable way, for a simple visualization of code complexity, think number of lines of code.
Let’s imagine a project starts with the addition of a single feature A. There are perhaps as many ways to implement a feature as there are developers in the world 2..
2. for non-trivial features that is
Let’s plot some of the possibilities on our chart.
If we were the developer tasked with adding feature A, which implementation should we choose?
The implementation we decide on will affect the application’s complexity. Our decision will also determine the time (and cost) to develop the feature.3
3. The seemingly obvious choice for cost minimization is the one that minimizes development time for that feature (i.e. which is A4 in the above chart). However, as we’ll see, this obvious choice may not be the best approach in the long term.
Complexity and the Life of a Project
As time passes an application’s complexity tends to increase. The more complicated software becomes, the more mental effort is required to implement any given feature.
Human brains are limited in the amount of complexity they can handle 4. This means that features take longer to implement as the application’s complexity grows.
4. just my brain?
The Complexity Horizon
We can imagine, eventually, an application’s complexity becoming so enormous, that human minds can no longer handle it. At this point, new features cannot be completed, meaning that development times are effectively infinite.
Let’s call this the “Complexity Horizon”.
Theoretically, this is the ultimate limit on development. No project can progress beyond the Complexity Horizon, and, once the Complexity Horizon is reached, features take infinitely long to complete. The software is just too difficult to work with.
Practically, however, project death occurs long before the theoretical limit of the complexity horizon.
Comparing Development Approaches
To see why project death occurs before the Complexity Horizon, let’s compare two possible project lifespans for two polar opposite development approaches:
- Hasty Development: In this approach, features are completed as quickly as possible, by choosing the solution that is quickest and easiest to implement. The complexity increases quickly, and, as complexity increases, so too does the mental effort required to move the application forward. The result is that the pace of development slows over time.
- Complexity Minimizing Development: In this approach, features are completed with an emphasis on minimizing complexity, choosing the simplest (but not necessarily the quickest) solution to implement. Features are initially completed at a slower pace than the “Hasty” approach, but, due to the emphasis on complexity minimization, application complexity increases more slowly, and the mental effort to complete new features remains more constant over time. The result is that the pace of development remains more constant than in the “Hasty” approach.
At some point, the progress of “Hasty” development, with its more rapidly growing complexity, will fall behind the more consistent progress of “Complexity Minimizing” development.
Cheaper to Rebuild - Project Death
Eventually, the application complexity associated with the “Hasty” approach becomes so great that the development time (and cost) to add new features exceeds the development time to completely rebuild the project using the “Complexity Minimizing” approach. 5
5. The availability of newer technologies can also present cheap rebuild opportunities.
This is when the project dies. Further development on the project built with the “Hasty” approach is simply not cost effective. It becomes cheaper to rebuild the whole application.
Keeping Project Death At Bay
At bluespot, we take the complexity minimizing approach in everything we do. Not only is it quicker over the long term, but it also minimizes the risk of project death.
I said earlier that application complexity tends to increase over the life of a project, but, this is not inevitable. Bluespot’s git contributions to mature projects are clear proof that complexity growth can be halted and even reversed. We regularly contribute features to mature projects without significantly increasing the number of lines of code.
And, sometimes, we even add features while (or by?) deleting code.
Minimizing complexity is important and takes deliberate effort by conscientious developers. Software principles and design patterns are all about finding the “right” abstractions and architectures for the current problem. The “right” abstractions are the ones that minimize complexity in the long run, and minimizing complexity cuts development time and cost and staves off project death. | <urn:uuid:18c6bc78-0706-4b3a-a2ec-8f054c3a9386> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bluespot.io/2017/01/30/project-death.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.932545 | 1,208 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Toy Vehicles accompany adolescents from baby to childhood to teenagers. gas powered rc cars under $100 dollars the choice is large, but there are a few things to consider, especially with regard to the safety of the child.We’ll show you great ways to make your child happy with the right vehicle.
Toy vehicles for babies
For babies, there are a variety of ways to bring joy. From small cars swinging down from mobiles to colorful toy vehicles with which they can learn their first motor skills, to colorful figures and shapes on the baby blanket. Buying toys online is a great way to experience the variety of different vehicles. However, there are some important things to keep in mind:
Babies like to put things in their mouths, drop things down, or are very careless with toys. It is therefore advisable to rely on toys made of stable material. At the same time, all processed substances must be harmless to the health of the child, which can be ensured, for example, by an OEKO Tex seal. Furthermore, no small parts may be installed in toys that could swallow babies.
With increasing age, your child develops his first own interests. From the fire brigade to a farm to vehicles on construction sites, everything is possible. Customize the toy vehicle to your child’s interests. For small firefighters, there are many great fire engines. Budding farmers like to play with tractors and for small construction workers, for example, an excavator or their own crane is recommended.
Adolescents who are out of the baby shoes can also handle larger vehicles, such as their own trample grill. Even if the risk of swallowing small parts is very low from a certain age, it is still advisable to rely on materials that are harmless to the environment and health.
Since a vehicle quickly becomes boring, sets with different, thematically appropriate vehicles are a good solution. Friends can also be invited, for example, to maintain the farm in the children’s room.
Toy vehicles for teenagers
With increasing age, interest in remote-controlled or motorized toy vehicles also grows. At the same time, many young people also develop fun with rc car for kids and toddlers . They enjoy helping with screwdriving in the workshop or gaining their first experience with screwdrivers and the like. If your child is interested in this direction, but you do not enjoy cars yourself, an internship in a car repair shop or a trip to a club or club that deals with this topic is recommended. Clubs and workshops are always happy to welcome young talent. Volunteer fire brigades, farmers, or other companies are also open to interns. Maybe your child’s career path will already be decided here.
It should be clear that not every child who is interested in vehicles wants to work in a workshop right away. Nevertheless, they can also have fun with, for example, a remote-controlled car, with which they can drive through the house, the driveway, or the garden.
Conclusion: The right toy vehicle for the right age
Toy vehicles are great fun for babies, children, teenagers, and also for many adults. To make a joy, the vehicles should always be adapted to the skills and interests of the child. At the same time, attention should always be paid to the health and well-being of the child in order to prevent accidents. | <urn:uuid:e182aae0-d1ae-49ac-87aa-b9719938da18> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://technostalking.com/tech-facts/the-right-toy-vehicle-for-all-ages/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.965151 | 683 | 1.617188 | 2 |
The Scribal Circulation of Early Modern Letters
2011 Seminar Series / Thursday 2 June, 2011
Professor James Daybell (University of Plymouth) provides a sophisticated overview of the ‘complex textual afterlives’ of letters beyond their initial composition, sending, and receipt; a conceptualization which challenges prevailing views of early modern epistolarity as a private, historically anchored exchange between only two individuals. By means of a rich range of political and religious examples from early modern England, Daybell traces out several consecutive phases of subsequent manuscript dissemination: the controlled circulation of epistolary separates through private copying within discrete manuscript networks; a less discriminate casting abroad; commercial scribal publication within anthologies and miscellanies; and finally, in many cases, print publication. Daybell also provided insights into the postal conditions which facilitated scribal transmission in early modern England, a surprisingly makeshift mixture of different delivery methods (ordinary posts, royal posts, messengers, carriers, servants, and chance travellers) until the introduction of a more stable and predictable postal structure with the founding of the post office in 1635. | <urn:uuid:b2d78383-b77a-4899-8929-380747d52c63> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://culturesofknowledge.history.ox.ac.uk/?page_id=611 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.902746 | 222 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Post Date : November 4, 2020
India’s merchandise exports slipped into contraction mode in October as global trade continued to struggle under the shadow of the coronavirus pandemic.
Outbound shipments contracted 5.4% from a year earlier to $24.82 billion, after a brief respite in September when exports had shot up 6% to counter a six-month-long contraction.
As per preliminary trade data released by the Commerce and Industry Ministry on Tuesday, imports of goods also cut down by 11.5% last month, , taking the overall imports between April to October to $182.29 billion, 36.3% lower than the same period last year.
Merchandise exports in the first seven months of the current financial year amounted to $150.07 billion, a 19.1% contraction from the year-earlier period.
“The trade data shows the recovery is uneven and fragile as exports declined both sequentially and year-on-year, pointing to a sluggish global recovery.”~Devendra Kumar Pant, Chief economist at India Ratings and Research
Exports of rice (112%), chemicals (73.9%) and drugs and pharmaceuticals (21.8%) recorded the highest growth in October, while transport equipment and petroleum products saw the sharpest declines of (–56.3%) and (-53.3%), respectively.
Among employment-intensive sectors, gems and jewellery and leather also reported contractions of (-21.3%) and (-3.8%), respectively, while export of carpets jumped almost 38% and handicrafts grew by more than 11.3%.
The Federation of Indian Exporters’ Organisations (FIEO) called for “urgent and immediate” action to solve the main problems that led to October’s ‘nominal’ dip. It identified shortage of containers and an increase in sea freight charges as issues that needed immediate attention.
Experts opine that the cause of the drop in exports may be a consequence of the ongoing farmer agitation, with FIEO president Sharad Kumar Saraf attributing part of the decline to the farmers protests in some States.
Mr. Saraf said that exporters were seeing a rise in orders and a further impetus was expected once the U.S. election process concludes, while calling on the government to release merchandise export incentives due to businesses. | <urn:uuid:73896b6a-8bc2-4f9b-b6f4-afbbe1621e6f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.logisticsinsider.in/global-trade-crisis-leads-to-drop-in-indias-exports-in-october/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.957917 | 489 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Detroit, Michigan, Usa.
The Krit Motor Vehicle Firm was started automobile generation in 1909 and was positioned in Detroit, Michigan, United states of america. Their supplying for 1910 incorporated the $800 Krit Runabout, the $826 Krit Roadster and the $850 Krit Surrey.
They supplied four-cylinder automobiles for the whole of their lives, other than for 1913 when a Krit Six was marketed for that one 12 months. The company was in fiscal trouble most of the time and auto creation ceased in 1915.
The firm used a swastika for their emblem to assure favor of auspicious gods, decades just before Adolf Hitler abused the image.
In Sanskrit, the phrase swastika is a blend of “su” (this means “superior”) and “asti” (indicating “to exist”)
Commonly, this will get translated as “all is effectively.” The swastika is hence comprehended to be a image of auspiciousness and excellent fortune, and is consistently donned on Hindu residences, companies, printed supplies, automobiles, temples, and ashrams.
Its title most likely originated from Kenneth Crittenden, who delivered money backing and helped structure the automobiles. Krit occupied two distinctive web sites throughout its background: the initially one it took around from the Blomstrom car or truck, and in 1911 moved to the will work that experienced been applied by R. M. Owen & Company who had moved to develop into Owen Magnetic. The cars and trucks had been common 4-cylinder models and many were exported to Europe and Australia. The outbreak of Globe War I critically harmed the enterprise and it unsuccessful in 1915. A handful of autos have been subsequently assembled from remaining elements.
In 1911 the KRIT Motor Corporation was acquired by Walter S Russel of the Russel Wheel and Foundry Company. | <urn:uuid:379a1d79-2251-4143-a96b-f2a0ce489d16> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://reslnwebdev01.org/krit-cartype.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.956817 | 409 | 2.453125 | 2 |
If you are interested in diversifying your income and earning more, here are 5 super tips to help you get there:
The best way to diversify your income is to look for investments that promise a blend of high yield and low volatility. Examples include ETFs, (Exchange Traded Funds), fixed income funds, savings’ accounts and CDs.
A recent development on the investing landscape is what is called ‘multi-asset ETFs’. ETFs are usually a combination of stocks and bonds. Multi-asset ETFs are specially formulated to reduce risk and increase returns on your income. The combination of high yield potential and low volatility makes multi-asset ETFs particularly appealing to investors.
Intensify your Efforts to Save from your Salary
Curbing wasteful expenditure and saving more money is a sound way to diversify your income. Experts suggest that your savings should be about 20% of your salary each month. This savings amount can be successfully channelled into investments to make them grow.
Saving money out of your monthly (although it may sound like a simple thing) is a very important part of income diversification. The savings gives you a starting point for other investment avenues.
Invest Income into a Business
Do you have a friend or family member who is starting a business? If you think the business looks promising, you can opt to become what is known as a ‘sleeping partner’. This means that you can invest your money but you do not have to participate by actually working for the business.
Getting a Part-time Job or Second Job
If you have spare time during weekends or after work hours, you may want to generate a second source of income during those times. There are numerous ways to earn spare cash from the Internet or even offline. You can use resources that you already have including spare rooms in your home (you can take in a lodger), a garage or car that you may rent out or skills that you already possess.
Sometimes, a non-working partner may opt to earn a second income to make it easier to pay bills and save some money.
Create Intellectual Property and Earn Royalties
If you have a talent for writing, cooking or music, you can use your spare time to create a product that will sell. Invest your time and a little money once on a product or service that people demand, and you have the chance of earning royalties on your creation hundreds of times over for many years to come. Click here to read our post on creating an income through royalties.
Have you diversified your income successfully? What did you do to create several income streams? Share your experiences with us in the comments below! | <urn:uuid:ee4482f2-18f0-4636-9882-1c2de069c24f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pinching-pennies.com/5-ways-that-you-can-diversify-your-income/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.95832 | 557 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Richard Dawkins uses the autopilot function on his Tesla on the motorway, but it won’t work on the narrow medieval streets of Oxford. He demonstrates, patting the car’s giant touchscreen, which maps out its surroundings at 360 degrees and renders passing students as vulnerable grey pawns. He activates a highly effective seat-heater beneath the New Statesman.
It has been snowing on the day we meet but, at 80, Dawkins wears no coat as we pull up to New College, Oxford: he picks his way across the front quad, his hiking shoes pushing through piles of yellow ginkgo leaves. He had a mild stroke in 2016, but has fully recovered: he tweeted, the other day, that he enjoys watching the CBS show Young Sheldon while on his exercise machine. “That unlocked an enormous barrage of hate,” he says, sounding almost fascinated. Someone responded: “I used to be an atheist but this tweet was so bad it made me become a Christian.”
Dawkins doesn’t have a room in college, having retired in 2008, but there’s a nice space that former lecturers can book for meetings, three flights up an ivy-covered tower. On the door is an email from him, printed out by the porters and fixed with a drawing pin: “Might I reserve this room for an interview on Friday the 27th and Saturday 28th?” He jangles the keys. The Friday slot was for the psychologist Jordan Peterson, who came to record Dawkins for a future podcast. Peterson has hit out at Dawkins on Twitter for his comments on the gullible nature of the Christian mind; but as two silver-haired controversialists who hold a magnetic appeal for young men, their names are thrown together increasingly often.
In his Tesla, Dawkins, who once described the company’s CEO, Elon Musk, as a “hero for our times”, cut a rather powerful figure. Now, on a large tartan sofa in college, he is an eccentric scientist, as he imagines building a plane with wings as complex as a bird’s, a hundred different moving parts mimicking tiny bones and feathers. “The pilot would have to have an enormous capacity for control,” he suggests, “but now that computers pretty much fly the plane anyway, it seems not an impossible idea.” Such a plane would be able to swoop and dive, he suggests playfully.
Dawkins’ new book Flights of Fancy, which is out for the Christmas market and aimed at the over-12s, elides the evolution of birds and planes in a manner that brings to mind faint echoes of Leonardo da Vinci’s winged contraptions. Dawkins is afraid of heights, and will creep towards a cliff edge on his hands and knees, but he is not afraid of plane crashes. He dreams of being able to fly – and also, incidentally, of getting lost in a large mansion house with many interconnecting rooms. He is not convinced, as the biophysicist Francis Crick was, that dreams are the mind’s way of clearing out images it no longer needs. “I don’t think science has a very convincing explanation for why we dream at all.”
Scientists spend their life converting one language into another to explain things to laymen, graciously. Dawkins’ The Selfish Gene, published in 1976, was read by sixth formers and spawned a rush in popular science books. But its neo-Darwinian thesis – that what an animal is doing is maximising its genetic representation in future generations – was of huge professional, as well as public, influence. On the book’s 40th anniversary, Nature magazine wrote that Dawkins had helped explain what was going on inside the genome long before DNA sequencing became routine.
If the book also generated considerable controversy, this stemmed largely from a misunderstanding arising from the title: the geneticist John Maynard Smith, one of a handful of scientists then espousing a gene-centric view of evolution, pointed out in the London Review of Books that Dawkins was not arguing that the “selfish gene” was also a force at work in morality, politics and human sciences. “Nobody but an idiot could think that DNA could be selfish in the conscious sense,” Dawkins says today. He has said he regrets the word “selfish”, but he clearly knows the power of a good title: his next work will be called The Genetic Book of the Dead.
Dawkins has several different registers. When he’s talking about science he shoots to the edge of the sofa. On religion, he sits back and broadcasts: atheism is still his mission. On his personal life, no questions, please, he warns in an email before we meet: “No one is interested in me.” (He has been married three times and has a daughter and a grandson.) When you ask a question that makes no scientific sense, he corrects a word in it, then gives you an answer. The sunlight from the window behind him casts his face into shadow. With his delicate nose and powerful gaze, he sometimes feels a bit like an owl. He doesn’t like being photographed, or made to pose. “What I hate is face-on,” he says. He is gallant – he’ll take your coat off and put it on for you – but he is increasingly worried about how he is being presented.
Dawkins’ God Delusion, published in 2006, still speaks to youths around the world who are being raised in organised religion, and put Dawkins at the centre of the New Atheist movement, alongside Christopher Hitchens, Daniel Dennett and Sam Harris; they titled themselves the “Four Horsemen” for a debate a few years later. Now, in his Christmassy book for children, Dawkins, who abhors the indoctrination of young minds, says, “77 per cent of Americans believe in Angels. Muslims are required to believe in them,” then goes on to talk about magic carpet rides, and broomsticks, as though they are all much the same thing.
Dawkins’ relentless opposition to organised religion – particularly Islam, of which more later – varies in tone from creatively condescending to combative to foghorn. Perhaps this explains why he has never become a national treasure (neither is he – despite his huge influence – a Sir). So associated is he with debunking the mysteries that lie beyond human reach, it is almost surprising to find that he supports the work of scientists to divert the course of asteroids orbiting the Earth and prevent the kind of blast that took out the dinosaurs.
“You’d only have to speed the asteroid up or slow it down by about four miles per hour,” he points out. “That’s a tiny change.”
How would you do that?
“Well, I don’t know. An atomic explosion or something of that sort, I suppose.”
Dawkins had an OK pandemic. “It was always on the cards, of course,” he says of Covid; each new variant is “something any Darwinian could see”. But he is bothered by what he calls a “mimetic epidemic of anti-vax propaganda” and thinks it suggests a distrust of Big Pharma rather than of science. He was impressed by the vaccine roll-out. What did he make of Dominic Cummings’s claim, as part of the Leave campaign, that Brexit would enable Britain to reorientate itself as a world leader in scientific research?
“It’s resulted in cutting ourselves off from major scientific scholarships,” Dawkins says. “Lots of labs in this country have had their European funds cut. It’s a disaster for science.” He talks about the EU referendum the way he used to talk about a single dinosaur sneeze affecting the evolution of the human race. “The sort of hit-and-miss affair of the one simple majority vote on one particular day in June in one particular year, which might have been different if you’d done it a week before or a week after.”
He thinks in terms of these historic contingencies. In some alternative universe, there is a Dawkins who stayed at Berkeley College in California, where he was a research student between 1967 and 1969, and went on to fight creationism on American soil. He was not a hippie – he wore sandals and shorts but no beads – but he was involved in anti-Vietnam protests as well as more “silly” projects, such as the appropriation of a piece of university wasteland for a “people’s park”, as satirised in David Lodge’s novel Changing Places. “I don’t know why I was so confident that I should leave a secure job in Berkeley for an insecure research grant at Oxford,” he says.
An instinct? “I wouldn’t call it instinct. Instinct is something else.” Englishness? “I think possibly, yes.”
As a boy, Dawkins was sent to Oundle public school because it taught courses in farm management: it was thought he might take over the family estate in Oxfordshire, 210 acres at Over Norton Park, which has belonged to the Dawkins family since 1720. You wonder if his interest in genes began here: the family tree, which appears in his 2016 autobiography An Appetite for Wonder, features seven generations of Anglican vicars and a character called Yorick who “took to snuff and Roman Catholicism, and died tragically”. There is also a Sir Henry Clinton, commander-in-chief of the British forces in North America from 1778-82. Dawkins says he wishes he had inherited some of Sir Henry’s ardour, then points out that only one 64th part of his genome is derived from him.
His early childhood was spent moving across Africa; his father was a botanist who worked for the British colonial service in Malawi, and was called up to the King’s African Rifles during the war. Dawkins’ earliest memory is of building a mud hut with his mother. The family lived in buildings lit by paraffin pressure lamps and travelled by Ford station wagon, but always had servants.
Dawkins tries, unprompted, to offer ways in which it might have been a disruptive upbringing (“I didn’t see my father for two years. But I don’t think it was a rough life, I don’t seem like I was deprived”), but it only appears to have been magical. John and Jean Dawkins wrote a joint diary and compiled poetry anthologies together. They were “beautiful” parents, he says.
“Going away to boarding school at seven, that wasn’t great,” he offers. “I fantasised about the matron turning into my mother.” At Chafyn Grove in Wiltshire, a master slipped his hand into Dawkins’ shorts. “The cremasteric reflex is not painful,” he wrote, of the touch to the inner thigh that makes the testicle retract inside the body. “But in a skin-crawling, creepy way it is almost worse than painful.” He claims it did him no lasting damage.
What there is instead, throughout Dawkins’ accounts of his early life, is a consistent motif of being conned: of believing in something, then realising – with an energy that still reverberates – that an adult had taken him for a ride. Where most of us look back on childish misapprehensions with amusement, Dawkins feels something like outrage: at the neighbour he played hide and seek with, who claimed to have made himself invisible when he’d in fact just left the building. At Santa Claus, whom he saw through at a young age (“When a child believes in Father Christmas, lead them in a gentle little game of questioning,” he writes in An Appetite for Wonder. “‘How many chimneys would he have to reach, if he is to deliver presents to all the children in the world?’”).
Dawkins is angry to have been circumcised without his consent. And he’s angry that he spent so much time praying for things that weren’t going to happen. He talks constantly of protecting the minds of children: why is he so concerned with that? “Well, how could you not be? I’m not sure that needs a positive answer. I deeply hate the labelling of children with the religion of their parents.”
After confirmation at his Anglican school, Dawkins became intensely religious, and lay in a foetal position in bed at night to pray, or fantasised that, if he were to creep down to the chapel alone, he might see an angel. “Yeah, I wouldn’t make too much of that,” he says coolly.
During his religious phase, he was also heavily into Elvis Presley, whose song “I Believe” confirmed for him the presence of a non-denominational creator god. He writes in his memoir: “I listened with delight – for my hero sang that every time he saw the wonders of the natural world around him, he felt his religious faith reinforced. My own sentiments exactly! This was surely a sign from heaven.” But when I ask him about Elvis, picking our way down the stairs in New College, he says I might be making too much of that, too.
Psychoanalysis would say that the child who prayed is still in there, but Dawkins has a compelling theory about that, which he would be the first to admit is not his own: not a single molecule of that child remains in the adult body.
“Occasionally, I have second thoughts about it, because tattoos seem to last so long,” he says. “But it’s pretty much true that no molecule in your body now was in you in childhood.”
Where does the idea of the self fit into that theory? “Well, I think it was [John] Locke who said it’s really nothing but your memories.” The continuity of memory gives the impression of a self? “Yes, though the molecules are changing all the time.”
In other ways, Richard Dawkins has not changed at all. He still wants to talk about creationism and the work of the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science, which finances secular education programmes in the United States. In his ninth decade, he accepts speaking engagements all over the world: a few years back, on a Swedish TV show, he found himself opposite Brandon Flowers, the Mormon lead singer of the rock band the Killers, and launched into an attack on Mormonism, imaginary sleeves rolled up, before realising that the speechless pop star had only been brought on to sing. Both of them looked mortified.
Late-period Dawkins has, for some time, not been about flying machines or genetics but a painful experiment in expressing his views on social media, a habit that led Daniel Dennett to suggest he risked damaging his long-term legacy. On Twitter, where he has 2.9 million followers, the man at the forefront of clear language in science has constructed “irrefutable” statements, exercises in semantics over 140 characters, such as the following: “Date rape is bad, rape by a stranger at knife point is worse. If you think I’m saying that date rape is good, you need to go away and learn to think.”
In April, a 1996 award from the American Humanist society was withdrawn after Dawkins tweeted: “In 2015, Rachel Dolezal, a white chapter president of NAACP [the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People], was vilified for identifying as black. Some men choose to identify as women, and some women choose to identify as men. You will be vilified if you deny that they literally are what they identify as. Discuss.”
I want to know more about what must be, on some level, an impulse to offend, but Dawkins says, “I don’t want to talk about Twitter.” He has, many times, claimed to be “religiophobic” rather than Islamophobic, arguing that he generally attacks Christians more than Muslims, for much less flak.
In 2012 he mocked the journalist Mehdi Hasan, then working at the New Statesman, for his faith; Hasan responded that “for me, faith and reason go hand in hand… there is nothing in the Quran that prevents Muslims from embracing evolution”. A 2017 radio appearance in Berkeley, California, was cancelled when listeners drew attention to Dawkins’ 2013 post: “Islam is the greatest force for evil in the world today.” Hastily written explanations are published each time one of these statements makes the news, and they seem to have disappeared of late; Dawkins has taken to quoting others instead, without comment. Of his critics on social media he says now: “The random person on Twitter is no more worth listening to than somebody who shouts abuse at you in the street.”
But the science journalist Kavin Senapathy, an atheist who has written about racism in the academic world, told me that, “the real problem with Dawkins isn’t his abhorrent hot takes on Twitter… it’s that he distracts from the pseudoscientific biological essentialism hidden in plain sight in the mainstream scientific community”. She points to Dawkins’ 2004 book, The Ancestor’s Tale, parts of which explored racial difference, and the Four Horsemen’s “demonisation” of Islam in the wake of 9/11.
Dawkins conducted the last interview with Christopher Hitchens as part of a guest edit of the New Statesman in 2011, shortly before the latter’s death. In it, Hitchens told him, “never be afraid of stridency”. “That was a lovely thing,” Dawkins says now, though it certainly dates the piece. In a discussion between the two about Tony Blair – his knowledge of the corruption of the Catholic Church, co-existing with his Catholic zeal – Hitchens argued that many people are in two minds: “We are all great self persuaders.” Dawkins didn’t sound convinced: “But do we hold such extreme contradictions in our heads?”
“I was talking to Christopher, not about my scepticism, but my lack of comprehension as to how that is possible,” he says now. “The most extreme case I know is certainly not Tony Blair. It is an American geologist who knows all about palaeontology and yet is a seven-day creationist. That is utterly incomprehensible to me. And a professor in America who writes learned papers in astronomical journals which assume the age of the universe as 13.8 billion years, yet in private believes that the sun is only 4,000 years old. That demonstrates the level of internal contradiction that the human brain is capable of.”
Does he hold such contradictions in any area of his life?
“Well, I don’t think so, and I think I’d feel very uncomfortable if I tried to.”
Dawkins once said he “lives his life on the assumption that God is not there”. He experiences feelings of numinosity – when he looks at the night sky, when the stars are many and unobstructed by light pollution – but he explains those feelings as an “emergent” property of the human brain.
“It’s all of a piece with a whole lot that’s unique about humans,” he says. “It is moderately baffling why an animal selected to survive in Africa as a hunter-gatherer would need the ability to do higher mathematics, or have a transcendent feeling looking at the stars. These are all emergent properties. There must have been something that the human brain was designed for which meant that it couldn’t be designed in any other way – a bit like a computer which, originally designed to do calculations, turns out to be capable of language translation, too.”
Does this also explain the impulse towards faith? “I think you probably need an additional explanation: why believe in something supernatural?” he says. “There’s a great appeal in the idea of agency. Since we’re such social animals, we’re used, when anything happens in our world, to the idea that somebody did it. When you’re in danger of being eaten by a predator, what you see may be a predator or it may be just a trick of the light. It’s safest to assume it’s a predator. You’re safest to assume that there is an agent.”
Does Dawkins have a theory as to why, if our function as animals is to maximise our genetic representation in future generations, we aren’t more afraid of what we’re doing to the planet?
“People are short-sighted,” he replies, “and the horizon of what one takes seriously as danger is sort of one’s own lifetime. Even if people wouldn’t admit they don’t really care about what happens to their great-grandchildren, even if they do care a bit, it’s hard to put into action. To pay us a compliment, we are the only species that’s remotely capable of looking into the future. That idea is totally unbiological. We are unique in that we can do that, and some people care very much indeed. The hope is that, culturally, we’ll change. That as the centuries go by, there is a progressive, pseudo-evolutionary change in our values, morals and ethics.”
Dawkins had a long-standing disagreement with the futurist scientist James Lovelock, whose popular Gaia theory – that the Earth is a self-regulating organism – he dismissed as un-Darwinian on its publication in the 1970s. Speaking from his home on Chesil Beach, Lovelock, now 102, tells me, “We may have argued about Gaia, but we never quarrelled. I hope that Richard is remembered as a savant. As an erstwhile Quaker I have no strong ideas about the God delusion. I was brought up to believe in God as the still small voice within.”
Other scientists are more troubled by some of his views. In 2016 the geneticist Adam Rutherford wrote that Dawkins is now perhaps better known for his “irritable contempt for religion” than The Selfish Gene. The science writer Philip Ball told me that while Dawkins is “a brilliant communicator of evolutionary theory… some of the views he has expressed in recent years, for example about gender issues and ‘wokeness’, have done much more harm to his scientific profile than his views on religion. Their lack of nuance, and frankly sometimes of compassion, have given a rather poor (and inaccurate) impression of the ‘view from science’.”
Christopher Hitchens told Dawkins that it was the “shame” of his colleagues not to have defended him against detractors over the years. Has he felt isolated? “No,” he says quickly. “What I say in biology has become pretty much orthodoxy. And what I say about religion is shared by everybody I know, living in the university environment. Many people go to church for the music.”
Every day, Dawkins plays the EWI, or electronic wind instrument, a kind of electric clarinet invented in the Seventies which converts your breath into all manner of sounds, including rather wacky ones. “At school, my melodic gift got in the way,” he says, “because I was so good at playing tunes that I didn’t bother to practise reading music.” He is trapped in a netherworld between classically-trained and making-it-up-as-he-goes-along.
It’s this and other things he talks about as we drive back to Oxford train station. Dawkins is transformed when the tape is off, full of questions and stories. He tells me about a fellow scientist who was so old, he delivered his speech three times before his wife took to the podium and stopped him. The touch-screen in his Tesla flashes with a message indicating new software to download: it does this every week, improving itself – in effect, a kind of evolving car. Two days after we meet it is attacked by a cyclist, who smashes the rear mirror with a bike lock, then comes back for another go. Dawkins, shaken, takes to Twitter to ask for witnesses.
Richard Dawkins’ new book, “Flights of Fancy”, is published by Head of Zeus
This article appears in the 09 Dec 2021 issue of the New Statesman, Christmas Special | <urn:uuid:5464b7cd-edda-41fb-ac1e-e6901fd9f835> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newstatesman.com/katemossmaninterview/2021/12/richard-dawkins-interview-what-i-say-in-biology-has-become-pretty-much-orthodoxy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.976441 | 5,294 | 1.789063 | 2 |
The recent updates announced by the government of Uganda about their travel regulations gave some very specific rule changes on certain procedures. The information states that Uganda will be extending the duration of valid visas, especially those held by foreigners still staying within the country. The extension is especially helpful because the foreigners will not have to deal with or be exposed to unnecessary risks like natural disasters or sudden closures of borders on their way out of the country. The program also reduces the number of applicants lining up at government offices, thereby reducing the risk of infection of certain diseases.
The end of the program is tentatively set on July 31, 2020, so if there are no updates, there will be no more automatic visa extensions from August 1, 2020, onwards. Still, foreigners will be able to benefit from the program since they will not need to submit additional documents or pay any fees for the Uganda visa extension, helping them remain inside Uganda longer.
However, foreigners from most countries are required to show an Uganda visa when they arrive at the airport unless the traveler is from a country that is exempt from visa requirements. Citizens of visa-exempt countries will be able to enter Uganda without applying for a visa. But every traveler is mandated to bring an Uganda Health Declaration Form at the airport inspection.
Uganda extends the option of an evisa to all countries in the world. If you decide on going to Uganda, it is strongly advised that you apply for an eVisa instead of a regular one. The main reason, of course, is convenience. You don’t have to go out of the house, drive to an Uganda mission, and wait in a queue. You can just sit down in front of your computer, pull up the iVisa.com website, and start the application for an evisa. You can then just wait for it to be sent to your email, print it, and take it with you to Uganda where it will be replaced with a visa on arrival for the inspection.
Another benefit of applying for eVisas is that you won’t have to be exposed to disease which may cause the Ugandan government to refuse your entry. You also need to apply for a Uganda Health Declaration Form since you will need to present that along with your visa. It may help get you into the country quicker since Ugandan authorities use it to identify travelers with minimal risk of infecting the local population with viral diseases. It has information about the holder’s current health status. It also works as a record of the holder’s travel history, especially the period within 14 days of his trip to Uganda. Save yourself the headache by applying for an Uganda Health Declaration Form using iVisa.com.
iVisa.com was developed for such situations as this. It’s a platform dedicated to giving its customers the correct travel documents in the most convenient way possible. The website is secure and has been trusted by travelers for years.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Do you need a visa and a Health Declaration Form for your trip to Uganda?
Unless you come from countries that are exempted from visa requirements, you will need to produce a visa upon inspection at a Ugandan airport. For a stress-free trip, apply for an eVisa before boarding your flight to Uganda.
However, all travelers must have an Uganda Health Declaration Form, even if they are not required to have a visa. As stated before, the form helps identify travelers who are not likely to infect Ugandan citizens with diseases, which makes entering the country easier for them. This makes it possible for Ugandan authorities to redirect extra resources to resolve the more challenging immigration cases. Use the iVisa.com platform to make your application for an Uganda Health Declaration Form easy and stress-free.
Which countries are exempt from presenting a visa to enter Uganda?
There are certain countries whose citizens will be able to get into Uganda without applying for a visa. These countries are as follows: Angola, Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Burundi, Comoros, Cyprus, Eritrea, Eswatini, Fiji, Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Hong Kong, Ireland, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Rwanda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad & Tobago, Vanuatu, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
What are the requirements for an Uganda evisa application?
In order to successfully apply for an Uganda eVisa, a traveler needs to submit:
- A digital copy of a passport-quality photo of himself or herself.
- A clear scan of the personal information page of his/her valid passport.
- He/She also needs to be vaccinated for yellow fever.
- In certain circumstances, the applicant may be required to submit a digital image of the last page of his/her valid passport and an invitation letter, if necessary.
Why is it necessary to apply for an eVisa and a Health Declaration Form at the same time?
It is stated earlier that Uganda needs incoming foreign travelers to present both a visa and a Health Declaration Form. You will need to apply for both documents (unless you are from a visa-exempt country, in which case you only need a health declaration) so you won’t have to waste your time requesting the necessary documents at the airport. Get an Uganda eVisa and an Uganda Health Declaration Form the easy way at iVisa.com.
Is the iVisa.com website really safe and secure?
Like most top enterprises, the iVisa.com website is secured by the peerless security software, making the platform very safe to use. This fact is an assurance to customers that the information they used in their applications will not be seen by anyone other than authorized iVisa.com personnel.
Is there any other way for me to get more information?
It is a fact that information about the application process can be found on the iVisa.com website. It contains all the information about travel documents, the eligibility of the applicant for certain documents, and many other facts. You can send an email to [email protected] for your concerns or questions. | <urn:uuid:4fb60c31-3c75-4596-bfdc-9f9d53b56337> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ivisa.com/uganda-blog/how-to-apply-for-uganda-visa-extension | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.925055 | 1,297 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Sum the entropy (
ClusteringEntropy()), clustering information content
ClusteringInfo()), or phylogenetic information content (
across each split within a phylogenetic tree,
or the consensus of a set of phylogenetic trees (
This value will be greater than the total information
content of the tree where a tree contains multiple splits, as
these splits are not independent and thus contain mutual information that is
counted more than once
SplitwiseInfo(x, p = NULL, sum = TRUE) ClusteringEntropy(x, p = NULL, sum = TRUE) ClusteringInfo(x, p = NULL, sum = TRUE) # S3 method for phylo ClusteringEntropy(x, p = NULL, sum = TRUE) # S3 method for list ClusteringEntropy(x, p = NULL, sum = TRUE) # S3 method for multiPhylo ClusteringEntropy(x, p = NULL, sum = TRUE) # S3 method for Splits ClusteringEntropy(x, p = NULL, sum = TRUE) # S3 method for phylo ClusteringInfo(x, p = NULL, sum = TRUE) # S3 method for list ClusteringInfo(x, p = NULL, sum = TRUE) # S3 method for multiPhylo ClusteringInfo(x, p = NULL, sum = TRUE) # S3 method for Splits ClusteringInfo(x, p = NULL, sum = TRUE) ConsensusInfo(trees, info = "phylogenetic", p = 0.5, check.tips = TRUE)
A tree of class
phylo, a list of trees, or a
Scalar from 0.5 to 1 specifying minimum proportion of trees that must contain a split for it to appear within the consensus.
TRUE, sum the information content of each split to
provide the total splitwise information content of the tree.
phylo objects, optionally with class
Abbreviation of 'phylogenetic' or 'clustering', specifying the concept of information to employ.
Logical specifying whether to renumber leaves such that leaf numbering is consistent in all trees.
return the splitwise information content of the tree -- or of each split
in turn, if
sum = FALSE -- in bits.
ConsensusInfo() returns the splitwise information content of the
majority rule consensus of
Clustering entropy addresses the question "how much information is contained
in the splits within a tree". Its approach is complementary to the
phylogenetic information content, used in
In essence, it asks, given a split that subdivides the leaves of a tree into
two partitions, how easy it is to predict which partition a randomly drawn
leaf belongs to (Meila2007; Vinh et al. 2010)
Formally, the entropy of a split S that divides n leaves into two partitions of sizes a and b is given by H(S) = - a/n log a/n - b/n log b/n.
Base 2 logarithms are conventionally used, such that entropy is measured in bits. Entropy denotes the number of bits that are necessary to encode the outcome of a random variable: here, the random variable is "what partition does a randomly selected leaf belong to".
An even split has an entropy of 1 bit: there is no better way of encoding an outcome than using one bit to specify which of the two partitions the randomly selected leaf belongs to.
An uneven split has a lower entropy: membership of the larger partition is common, and thus less surprising; it can be signified using fewer bits in an optimal compression system.
If this sounds confusing, let's consider creating a code to transmit the cluster label of two randomly selected leaves. One straightforward option would be to use
00 = 'Both leaves belong to partition A'
11 = 'Both leaves belong to partition B'
01 = 'First leaf in A, second in B`
10 = 'First leaf in B, second in A`
This code uses two bits to transmit the partition labels of two leaves. If partitions A and B are equiprobable, this is the optimal code; our entropy -- the average information content required per leaf -- is 1 bit.
Alternatively, we could use the (suboptimal) code
0 = 'Both leaves belong to partition A'
111 = 'Both leaves belong to partition B'
101 = 'First leaf in A, second in B`
110 = 'First leaf in B, second in A`
If A is much larger than B, then most pairs of leaves will require just
a single bit (code
0). The additional bits when 1+ leaf belongs to B
may be required sufficiently rarely that the average message
requires fewer than two bits for two leaves, so the entropy is less than
1 bit. (The optimal coding strategy will depend on the exact sizes
of A and B.)
As entropy measures the bits required to transmit the cluster label of each leaf (Vinh2010: p. 2840) , the information content of a split is its entropy multiplied by the number of leaves.
Phylogenetic information expresses the information content of a split in terms of the probability that a uniformly selected tree will contain it (Thorley et al. 1998) .
The information content of splits in a consensus tree is calculated by interpreting support values (i.e. the proportion of trees containing each split in the consensus) as probabilities that the true tree contains that split, following Smith (2022) .
Smith MR (2022).
“Using information theory to detect rogue taxa and improve consensus trees.”
Systematic Biology, syab099.
Thorley JL, Wilkinson M, Charleston M (1998). “The information content of consensus trees.” In Rizzi A, Vichi M, Bock H (eds.), Advances in Data Science and Classification, 91--98. Springer, Berlin. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-72253-0_12 .
Vinh NX, Epps J, Bailey J (2010). “Information theoretic measures for clusterings comparison: variants, properties, normalization and correction for chance.” Journal of Machine Learning Research, 11, 2837--2854. doi:10.1145/1553374.1553511 .
library("TreeTools", quietly = TRUE) SplitwiseInfo(PectinateTree(8)) #> 22.53747 tree <- read.tree(text = "(a, b, (c, (d, e, (f, g)0.8))0.9);") SplitwiseInfo(tree) #> 10.73217 SplitwiseInfo(tree, TRUE) #> 8.641244 # Clustering entropy of an even split = 1 bit ClusteringEntropy(TreeTools::as.Splits(c(rep(TRUE, 4), rep(FALSE, 4)))) #> 1 # Clustering entropy of an uneven split < 1 bit ClusteringEntropy(TreeTools::as.Splits(c(rep(TRUE, 2), rep(FALSE, 6)))) #> 0.8112781 tree1 <- TreeTools::BalancedTree(8) tree2 <- TreeTools::PectinateTree(8) ClusteringInfo(tree1) #> 33.9609 ClusteringEntropy(tree1) #> 4.245112 ClusteringInfo(list(one = tree1, two = tree2)) #> one two #> 33.96090 36.25139 ClusteringInfo(tree1) + ClusteringInfo(tree2) #> 70.21229 ClusteringEntropy(tree1) + ClusteringEntropy(tree2) #> 8.776537 ClusteringInfoDistance(tree1, tree2) #> 2.713688 MutualClusteringInfo(tree1, tree2) #> 3.031424 # Clustering entropy with uncertain splits tree <- ape::read.tree(text = "(a, b, (c, (d, e, (f, g)0.8))0.9);") ClusteringInfo(tree) #> 18.98028 ClusteringInfo(tree, TRUE) #> 17.16773 # Support-weighted information content of a consensus tree set.seed(0) trees <- list(RandomTree(8), RootTree(BalancedTree(8), 1), PectinateTree(8)) cons <- consensus(trees, p = 0.5) p <- SplitFrequency(cons, trees) / length(trees) plot(cons) LabelSplits(cons, signif(SplitwiseInfo(cons, p, sum = FALSE), 4)) ConsensusInfo(trees) #> 5.646428 LabelSplits(cons, signif(ClusteringInfo(cons, p, sum = FALSE), 4)) ConsensusInfo(trees, 'clustering') #> 13.98697 | <urn:uuid:e5939da4-0db4-4ee7-beaf-be9462f3939e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ms609.github.io/TreeDist/reference/TreeInfo.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.745142 | 2,083 | 2.25 | 2 |
If your home base is in the city of Kitchener and you’re starting to notice some cracks creeping up your walls, it could be time to have them addressed. Here is a list of the most common signs of cracks in your foundation that should never go unnoticed.
Cracks in exterior or interior brick.
If you see signs of cracks in bricks or running through the mortar, it could be a sign of a foundation problem. Step cracks or staircase cracks, which ascend like a staircase, are particularly problematic.
Cracks – particularly horizontal ones – begin to form on walls or above doorways.
Cracks can appear quite commonly. Most harmless ones tend to be vertical and faint. When you start to notice deeper set cracks, especially horizontal ones that seem larger towards the top – it could be time for a few repairs. Your best bet, when you’re unsure, is always to consult with a local professional.
Open cracks appear on tiles set above concrete.
When you start to notice tiles cracking, this could also be a sign that the foundation of concrete beneath is starting to weaken.
Separation of windows and doors.
Has the brick begun to separate from windows and door frames on the exterior of the home? This is a tell-tale sign that there could be trouble.
What to Do When You Notice These Signs
Once you determine that there are in fact signs of a potentially weakened foundation, there are a few steps you can take:
- Go outside and check the exterior, depending on the location of the cracks. Look for any signs of cracks along the exterior that may correlate to the signs within your home. Look for any leaning walls or bulges.
- Take a sturdy screwdriver and try to probe some spots of the concrete. Look for signs and spots where you can easily chip and flake away from the exterior. If your foundation is solid, you shouldn’t be able to penetrate the concrete.
- Additionally, try to take a look at the structural components. For example, if you have a crawl space or have access to observe any supports in your basement, take a look to ensure they are standing straight and firmly. Take note of any tilts.
Once you’ve made a quick assessment, if you think there might be foundation damage to your home, call your local foundation repair company in Mississauga to help determine what steps need to be taken further to ensure the best support is achieved for your home.
With these tips, you will be better prepared to determine if your home’s cracked foundation is of a serious nature and to take on a foundation waterproofing project. If you have any questions or require a free foundation consultation on your home, contact The Crack Doctor today! | <urn:uuid:cfde37ef-5c77-46f8-9fa8-ac804df337be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thecrackdoctor.ca/foundation-crack-repair/common-signs-foundation-cracks-kitchener/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.919291 | 559 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Operation in continuous liquid-liquid extraction can be carried out with simple, because not only solvent, but also the extraction liquid can be flowed easily with the help of pumps. Soxhlet extraction is a modern extraction technique in which we circulate the same solvent through the extractor several times. The extraction method requires cannabis to be placed in a container before butane is sprayed on cannabis to start the extraction process. The Soxhlet method is the most commonly used example of a semi-continuous method. There are two types of MAE methods . Reply: "Continuous forced air ventilation" means a delivery system or device that provides positive pressure for the space where the employees are working. The high temperature and long extraction time in the Soxhlet extraction will increase the possibilities of thermal degradation. Given the right stack conditions, they are easy to operate and maintain. Cell type: Embryonic cells, transformed cells and continuous cell lines grow rapidly and require more frequent sub-culturing and change of medium.
AIGOC can produce three types of oil extraction machines for different scales of vegetable oil solvent extraction plants. Loop type extractor used for processing oil bearing materials of 500 tons and above. This device boils the extraction liquid, condenses it so that it can come into contact with the solid, and siphons the liquid back into the boiling flask. The distribution of a solute between two phases is an equilibrium condition described by partition theory. 7.7 If a pH ad justment and second extraction is required (see Table 1), carefully, whil e stirring, adjust the pH of the aqueous phase to the second pH indicated in Table 1. Membrane-based liquid-liquid extraction (pertraction) as a downstream separation process to extract MCCAs has been applied successfully.
Soxhlet extraction is the most commonly used method for the extraction of phytocompounds (Zhang et al., 2018). Liquid-liquid (or solvent) extraction is a countercurrent separation process for isolating the constituents of a liquid mixture. The Porto theme features include: unlimited colors, widgetized home page, over 600 fonts to choose from, WooCommerce .
High efficiency continuous extractions depend on the viscosity of the two phases, the equilibrium rates, distribution ratios, solvent volumes, and the surface/contact area between the phases. The given solid must be much more soluble in the organic solvent than in water. Preconcentration of the extract. Soxhlet extractor Extraction in chemistry is a separation process consisting of the separation of a substance from a matrix. 1. Expeller presses range in capacity from less than 1 ton to over 50 tons per day. This type of extraction involves the removal of gum tissue, bone, or else both. extractant capacity. Decoction 3. solute or leachant) of a solid material by a liquid solvent. Extraction Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (CEMS) have been used for 30+ years for the widest variety of pollutant gases including NOx, SOx, CO, NH 3, THC and more. When the casting wheel 3 rotates in the direction of the arrow A in FIG. Leaching tanks used for processing 10-20 tons of oil bearing material. The extraction process occurs continuously until boiling is ceased. Solvent extraction has always proved itself very helpful as a recovery method for many components. Soxhlet extractor needs the desired compound to be soluble in the solvent at a high temperature. Flexibility is key and it has been optimized for SEO and speed. However, benzene and acetone can also be used. Common examples include liquid-liquid extraction, and solid phase extraction. The working of the extraction device will now be described. Only acidic and basic pH may not work. An . The use of appropriate extraction technology, plant material, manufacturing equipment, extraction . Rotacell extractor, band extractor, slider extractor, immersion extraction In continuous extraction, both the cake and solvent moves on a counter-flow principle. The function of column internals is to form fine droplet of one phase into other phase to enhance solute mass transfer. . The easiest way to extract data from a source system is to have that system issue a notification when a record has been changed . It is also responsive & mobile ready should you choose that option. Solvent extraction, also called liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids . a process for the continuous extraction of roasted coffee or tea, which comprises introducing dry finely ground coffee or tea at a charging station in the form of a bed with a thickness of from 0.5. Fat content is measured by the weight of fat loss of the sample. It is also responsive & mobile ready should you choose that option. Rotary extractor used in processing 30-300 tons of material. It is a bit complicated compared to a simple extraction. It is a method of separating compounds on . General. A continuous liquid solvent extractor, designed to utilize organic solvents that are heavier than water, is described. Morphological changes: Frequent examination of cell morphology is very important in culture techniques. In batch type solvent extraction plants, a diffusion process takes place. This protocol describes a streamlined method of plasmid DNA extraction by continual thermal lysis, a modification of the basic boiling lysis technique, to simplify the processing of large volumes of Escherichia coli cultures. Wisdom teeth are the type of extraction that is generally first to be performed as in many people they are impacted. Here, a novel pertraction system with submerged . Using the 274-cm (9-ft) long extractor, solubles recoveries of 98, 91, and 77% were obtained with liquid-to-insoluble solids (L/IS) ratios of 5.6, 3.4, and 2.1, respectively. Mechanically agitated type extractors are known as Rotating Disc Contact type extractor also. The Porto theme features include: unlimited colors, widgetized home page, over 600 fonts to choose from, WooCommerce . in this type of extraction although there is not enough time to establish equilibrium, but still a solute is extracted continuously. Though there are many variations in design, continuous miners mostly consist of five main elements: A central body to carry all other components mounted on some type of drive mechanism to provide mobility (most commonly caterpillar tracks).
Becoming familiar with its theory and correct use are essential to successful completion of many organic experiments. The Soxhlet extraction is an automatic continuous extraction method with high extraction efficiency that requires less time and solvent consumption than maceration or percolation. To reduce the concentration of. Continuous mining is the most prevalent form of underground mining, accounting for 56% of total underground production. The invention discloses a trough and tower combined type continuous extraction apparatus and an extraction method, which belongs to the liquid-liquid extraction separation technical field. The relative loss of solute 0 x x n (where n x is the solute concentration in the solid phase leaving the extractor) is plotted versus the Fick-number in Figure 8.7-3. Extraction process itself. The expressions for the concentration in a continuous countercurrent operation are formally very similar to batch extraction. It is a type of continuous extraction technique but we can call it a series of short maceration. now, the techniquie demands a special kind of extractor, and the. Continuous miners. CD-Type Continuous Reverse Flow Ultrasonic Extraction Device Dt-5O~500 Small Multi-Function Extracting & Concentrating Recovery Device SL-500~10M Stainless Steel Percolation Pot Automatic Macroporous Resin Absorbing Unit Concentrate Series SJN-300B~5000B Type Double-Effect Energy-Saving Concentrator(Alcohol Recovery) Mechanical Vapor Recompression For example, consider we're going through a company's financial information from a few documents. Surgical extraction. The combined use of these two types of . Rousselet Robatel designs and fabricates Continuous Horizontal and Vertical Screening Centrifuges, to separate, wash, and de-water solid / liquid bases on a continuous basis. In the continuous counter current type extraction system, the feed is transferred through a controlled screw feed conveyor. Different types of drugs depend on different pH.pH may be acidic, basic and neutral, but there is a specific pH for every extraction in the extraction of pharmaceutics. When a tea bag is added to hot water, the compounds responsible for the flavor and color of tea are extracted from the grounds into the water (Figure 4.1a). Boiling solvent vapors rise up through the larger side- arm. Maceration 5. 1 there is also diagrammatically indicated in 25 a device for the casting metal to be transformed into continuous ingots. LIQUID/LIQUID EXTRACTION Usually, we search for some required information when the data is digital or manually . The extractor is capable of handling input rates up to 2 liters per hour and has a 500-ml. In this procedure, solvent from a boiling flask continuously flows over the sample. In 554 (66.8%) of 829 meta-analyses, at least one randomised controlled trial had data extraction errors; 171 (85.1%) of 201 systematic reviews had at least one meta-analysis with data extraction errors. Abstract and Figures. When continuous forced air ventilation is used during the entries that follow the alternative procedures and authorized under 29 CFR1910.146(c)(5)(i)(A) through (F), the following conditions . Medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs), which can be generated from organic waste and agro-industrial side streams through microbial chain elongation, are valuable chemicals with numerous industrial applications. In the toaster, the cake is separated from the solvent by mixing and heating. Extraction Techniques ,method,factor,types,advantage & Disadvantage. 1 and molten metal is poured into mould 4 by the device 25, a continuous ingot is . The Goldfish method is commonly used as a continuous solvent extraction approach. 4. Soft extract like ointment and suppository in case of glycyrrhiza extract. Today's Extraction CEMS are built to run 24/7, 365 days a year. However, the method chosen depends on several factors including the types of lipids in the sample, the non-lipid composition of the sample, cost, time constraints . Continuous countercurrent extraction is efficiently performed using the high-speed coil planet centrifuge as shown in Figure 6.It enables extraction of a solute present in a large volume of the mobile phase into a small volume of the stationary phase retained in the coiled column. Distillation is done under vacuum. The complete extraction process can be divided in 3 procedures: Preparation of the solvent. . #Continuous_extraction(1)lecture on Types of solvent extraction | Batch Extraction| Single, double, Multiple batch| Example |urdu|hindihttps://www.youtube.co. Fig. Data can be extracted in three primary ways: Update notification. Digestion 4. 220.127.116.11 Other extraction methods Other extraction methods include manual extraction followed by microscope (Hidalgo-Ruz et al., 2012; Mller et al., 2020 ), pressurized fluid extraction ( Fuller & Gautam, 2016 ), magnetic extraction ( Grbic et al., 2019 ), froth flotation ( Imhof et al., 2012 ), and liquid extraction ( Elert et al., 2017 ). It is the most common procedure in oral surgery. Extraction efficiencies are largely dependent on seed type, pretreatment of the seed, temperature, and press configuration. Solvent level is (78), different types of maceration equipment (79), closed systems for fermentation (80), and fluid-bed dryers (81). Liquid-liquid extraction involves the exchange of certain com- pounds between two solvents that are immiscible or only partially miscible. Extraction efficiency is dependent upon the p-value, the two solvent ratios, rate of flow of the aqueous phase, and rate of reflux of the organic phase. . The separation through continuous countercurrent method is achieved by virtue of the density difference between the fluids in contact. Solvent extraction is one of the most common and important methods for separation and purification of many elements. . Types of percolation Simple Percolation Drug (4 hours) Imbibitions (24 hours) Maceration Percolation Modified Percolation Multiple maceration Solvent divided into equal multiple times. The technique is successfully applied as a sample preparation . In batch type solvent extraction plants, a diffusion process takes place. OSN is a continuous, pressure-driven, low energy, low waste, liquid-liquid, or liquid-solute membrane separation technology. 31 THE SOXHLET EXTRACTOR Continuous extraction of a component from a solid mixture. Continuous Extraction There are different types. The present invention is directed to a continuous material extraction system for extracting valuable components from a material with a solvent. Condensed drops of solvent fall into the porous cup, dissolving out the desired component from a solid mixture. Extraction Types of extractions Dry extract like tablets and capsules in the case of belladonna extract. In solvent extraction, a distribution ratio is often quoted as a measure of how well-extracted a species is. Extraction Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (CEMS) are the most commonly used CEMS today. Find details about the methods and significance of this type of extraction. Butane honey oil (BHO) extraction has been highly studied and is used extensively in the food and perfume industry. The Soxhlet method is an example of a semi-continuous method. The various methods of extraction are: Infusion Decoction Digestion Maceration Counter current extraction Super critical fluid extraction Hot continuous extraction (soxhalation) Percolation Ultra sound extraction Steam distillation Microwave assisted extraction 1. Inline extraction enabled by continuous separation Integrated self tuning liquid-liquid separator Membrane for separation High precision Pressure Control Water Outflow . 12,13 Chemical concentration, catalyst and solute recovery, solvent recycling, and product purification have been accomplished using OSN in the petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. The most common cannabis extraction methods are: 1. 18.104.22.168 Hot Continuous Extraction (Soxhlet) . overflow, and wet solids, the underflow. Extraction efficiency is dependent upon the p-value, the two solvent ratios, rate of flow of the aqueous phase, and rate of reflux of the organic phase.
Due to their high steam and labor requirements, such plants are being steadily replaced with continuous solvent extraction plants, whose main component is the extractor which can be either of the immersion or percolation type. The Bretby-type cable handling system 46 is a flexible carrier consisting of a series of flat plates. manufacturing process (extraction technology) used with the type of equip-ment employed, and the crude-drug:extract ratio. A continuous liquid solvent extractor, designed to utilize organic solvents that are heavier than water, is described. Ideal Solvent Postextraction bleeding (PEB) is a recognised, frequently encountered complication in dental practice, which is defined as bleeding that continues beyond 8 to 12 hours after dental extraction. This is in contrast to normal cells, which grow slowly. 1. Due to their high steam and labor requirements, such plants are being steadily replaced with continuous solvent extraction plants, whose main component is the extractor which can be either of the immersion or percolation type. The final purification of the extract is commonly realized downstream from the solid/liquid extraction unit. Effluents from a leaching stage are essentially solid-free liquid, called the. When the smaller . Semi-continuous solvent extraction methods are commonly used to increase the efficiency of lipid extraction from foods. A continuous extraction of a liquid with another liquid immiscible with the first is called perforation continuous countercurrent extraction using two liquid phases is carried out in special countercurrent columns. Leaching involves the removal of a soluble fraction (the. Specifically, the system includes an extraction tank, a solvent inlet in the upper portion of the tank, a solution inlet in the lower portion of the tank, an extraction bath for the solvent and the material, a material conveying mechanism and an . To achieve this objective, a prototype pilot-scale continuous countercurrent screw extractor was evaluated for the recovery of hemicellulose from pretreated forest thinnings. is trapped in an insoluble matrix a continuous extraction device such as a Soxhlet extractor (right) is used.
Solvent extraction is a common technique utilized for both industrial applications and in the laboratory. Different types of solvents can be used for this purpose, but among all those, hexane is extensively used in the solvent extraction due to its low boiling point. The coffee and tea examples are both of the liquid/solid type in which a compound (caffeine) is isolated from a solid mixture by using a liquid extraction solvent (water). The incidence of postextraction bleeding varies from 0% to 26%. It is the basis for the calculation of the efficiency or percentage extraction of a total system composed of many different stages. The most common types of data extraction errors were numerical errors (49.2%, 867/1762) and ambiguous errors (29.9%, 526/1762), mainly caused . "Extraction" refers to transference of compound (s) from a solid or liquid into a different solvent or phase. But alcohol is not the proper solvent because water and alcohol are highly miscible with each other.
In extraction columns the same 2 process steps as mixing and . In FIG. Countercurrent extraction Extraction by continuous countercurrent distribution is the third general type and is used primarily for fractionation purposes. Extraction jobs may be scheduled, or analysts may extract data on demand as dictated by business needs and analysis goals. They are accurate and reliable to very low pollutant levels (single digit ppm). Types of data extraction. . Experimental setup used for acetic acid extraction: 1. extraction column containing aqueous acid solution (d=0.04 m, Vu=0.5 l); 2. re-extraction column containing NaOH stripping . Effect of pH on Extraction. 2. Solid-liquid extraction or leaching. Types of uses divided by chemistry need: Liquid-liquid extraction and simple in line work up Biphasic reaction and quenching Solvent Switch Homogeneous catalyst recovery Separation of hazardous material after in-situ production Examples of applications 13 extractant capacity. Semi-Continuous Solvent Extraction. This is not so true for the ion-pair type of extraction. the extraction solvent, as a dispersed phase, by injection from the vessel 3 into the extraction column (1). The plates are paired, one forming a bottom and the other a top, and the sides are connected by pins. Background. Other than the temperature, the governing factor of extraction is the pH of the solvent and the drug material. EXTRACTION, LIQUID-LIQUID. Share it! The general rule: Extraction can be avoided if it is more economical to separate solvents via distillation. 7.8), attach a clean distilling flask containing 500 mL o f me thylene chloride to the continuous extractor. The residence time for solid liquid extraction can be controlled by a variable frequency drive . Process Calculations for Single Stage Continuous Extraction System. Butane Honey Oil Extraction.
In this material extraction repeatedly mixed with the solvent or solvent extract in the opposite direction of concentration constantly increasing. The three main method types employed for lipid extraction are the continuous, semi-continuous, and discontinuous methods. Percolation It is continuous downward displacement of the solvent through the bed of crude drug material to get extract. In its simplest form, this involves the extraction of a solute from a binary solution by bringing it into contact with a second immiscible solvent in which the solute is soluble. Continuous extraction system provides . The distribution ratio (Kd) is equal to the concentration of a solute in the organic phase divided by its concentration in the aqueous phase.Depending on the system, the distribution ratio can be a function of temperature, the concentration of chemical species in the . The most common organic solvent used is ether. Fermented bacteria are harvested using a hollow fiber-membrane module and Pre sized herbs will be fed at the lower end of the extractor and hot water / organic solvent at the top end of the extractor. A slick, powerful and clean theme Porto provides an intuitive set of options to help you setup your WordPress site quickly and effectively. The three most common types of extractions are: liquid/liquid, liquid/solid , and acid/base (also known as a chemically active extraction). Flexibility is key and it has been optimized for SEO and speed. Decaffeinated coffee is made by using solvents or . 4.2: Overview of Extraction. The three most common types of extractions are: liquid/liquid, liquid/solid , and acid/base (also known as a chemically active extraction). Infusion 2. Liquid-liquid extraction is also very commonly used for washing an organic phase, for example to remove inorganic compounds, or to protonate or deprotonate bases or acids, respectively, so they become . Distribution ratio. Extraction system with solvent preparation and final concentration. If postextraction bleeding is not managed, complications can range . A slick, powerful and clean theme Porto provides an intuitive set of options to help you setup your WordPress site quickly and effectively. A "cutting head" usually rotating drum(s) and/or chains with cutting picks attached The extractor is capable of handling input rates up to 2 liters per hour and has a 500-ml. Continuous extractions are by definition also dynamic, since the two phases are continuously passed through each other. . For continuous system the Fick-number is defined as Chloroform, ethanol, and methanol are the most often utilized solvents in .
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- How To Start Thesis Presentation | <urn:uuid:7fc026ff-fc82-407a-9479-436dc695027c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://asia-pacific.tv/region/how/11320639aca6dfb2c53f9cb55d9ac2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.922629 | 4,644 | 2.25 | 2 |
Yevpatoria - Three Centuries of Resort Life
Stanislav Tsalykwriter, screenwriter, ethnographer, and historian
October 31, 2013
Center for Urban History, Lviv
The seminar has tackled the question of how a small town on the western Crimean coast was transformed into a resort location of national significance beginning in the time of the Russian Empire, throughout the period of the Soviet Union, and on through to present-day Ukraine. The speaker will map out the municipal government's strategies and illustrate the everyday life of town residents.
The move from backwater to spa town followed the lead of Yevpatoria Mayor Semen Duvan, who tapped the town budget, connections in St. Petersburg, and occasionally his own funds in the pursuit of his plan. The second phase of transformation - into a State Children’s Resort – was begun in the mid-1930s lasting through the 1980s, and was planned and financed by the central government in Moscow. The third, and current, phase – into a family resort location – was ushered in by the new millennium, and led by town Mayor Andriy Danylenko. He has tied the town’s refitting to the celebration of the 2,500th Anniversary of its founding. In an echo of the work of Mayor Duvan, Danylenko has financed the work using city budgetary funds, commitments from town businesses, and ties with Kyiv.
This narrative was highlighted with historic and contemporary photography, materials assembled by the author in the production of his book "Yevpatoria: Walks Around Little Jerusalem". The presentation was featured archival and contemporary photography. | <urn:uuid:de703ac9-d090-4971-aa3f-64a4fba68f77> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lvivcenter.org/en/urban-seminar/yevpatoria-resort-town/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.961887 | 342 | 2.1875 | 2 |
U.S Secretary of State John Kerry said Tuesday that he hoped the international community could find a way for Russia and Ukraine to work together to resolve political tension, but cautioned that the U.S. had not ruled out further sanctions.
Kerry was speaking as Russia said a convoy of 280 trucks carrying humanitarian aid had set off for Ukraine on Tuesday, amid Western warnings against using help as a pretext for an invasion.
As Ukraine reported Russia has massed 45,000 troops on its border, NATO said there was a "high probability" that Russia could intervene militarily in the east of Ukraine, where its forces are closing in on pro-Russian separatists.
Kerry said he remained hopeful for a peaceful outcome to the crisis, which has prevented an international team from carrying out a full investigation into a downed Malaysian airliner, an incident the U.S. and other countries have blamed on pro-Russian separatists.
"Our hope is that in the next days and weeks, we can find a way for [Ukrainian] President Poroshenko and Ukraine to be able to work with the Russians to provide the humanitarian assistance necessary in the east, to facilitate the thoroughness of the investigation to begin to bring the separatists — to the degree that they are Ukrainian — into the political process and for those that are not Ukrainian, they need to leave the country," Kerry told reporters at a briefing in Sydney.
"Our hope is that can happen through the diplomatic process, but we have all learned that we need to be cautious and strong at the same time and our responses clear about what is acceptable and what is not acceptable," he added.
Australian Foreign Minister Julie Bishop, who last month travelled to the U.S. to press for a UN resolution for an independent, international investigation into the missile strike that brought down Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17, killing all 298 people on board, also issued a stern warning.
"Any intervention by Russia into Ukraine under the guise of an humanitarian crisis would be seen for the transparent artifice that it is, and Australia would condemn in the strongest possible terms any effort by Russia to enter the Ukraine under the guise of carrying out some sort of humanitarian mission," she told reporters.
Kerry and Bishop were speaking at a joint news conference with U.S. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel and Australian Defence Minister David Johnston following annual Australia-U.S. Ministerial Consultations (AUSMIN) in Sydney. | <urn:uuid:ad0f8696-18b2-4204-9b5a-03e2cc72d610> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/08/12/kerry-hopes-russia-and-ukraine-can-work-together-to-resolve-political-tension-a38239 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.969295 | 496 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Changing The Way We See Ourselves
I want to begin not by saying “I have a Jewish friend” or “I have a Jewish grandparent” because I do have Jewish friends, but most of them I consider to be as close as family, and as far as I am aware, I am lacking in the Jewish grandparent department. A lot of people who say similiar things to what I am about to say, usually drop those cards so that they don’t sound antisemitic when they say antisemitic things. I am going to say something that will require you to think, then engage your fingers or tongue. I hate that it is going to even sound a little like people I despise but its an important thing to ponder.
The Holocaust is not the central event that defines the Jewish people so stop acting as if it were.
Full stop, no but, no and, just stop.
Your people had one of the gravest crimes against humanity that has ever been committed, committed against them, but it does not define you and damn sure does not define your people.
I believe very strongly the idea that the holocaust needs to be invoked at every event involving Jews, is damaging, annoying and does more harm than good. I am fully willing to say that we need to teach the holocaust, and that we should be trying to understand it, but I also think the constant mention of it by many well meaning people, does more harm than good. It dilutes the impact and it marginalises it: “familiarity breeds contempt”.
When a victim of trauma is forced to relive that trauma all the time, they never move past it. When a victim of trauma is forcibly reminded of it constantly, they will begin to see themselves as victims and not as victors.
You want to know how I see you and your people? Not as sheeple herded onto cattle cars and victimised by evil scumbags, but as survivors who were damaged and on the verge of breaking. Survivors who went home to their ancestral lands, hurting, damaged to the point of almost being broken, yet you didn’t give up, you didn’t give in to the urge to just let go.
These damaged people, fought, they struggled, and they wrestled with God, they had children, they planted trees knowing they may never see those trees grow. They picked up stones in fields where there were more stones than dirt. They took dirt by the bucket and washed that dirt to clean the salt out of it. Bucket by bucket. Backbreaking, mind-numbing, soul nourishing work. These are people who answered the call, when told they were going to be attacked and all of their people thrown into the sea, these people who had just gotten out of camps, many of whom were still malnourished and recovering from this horrific event, were handed guns and told “ defend us, defend yourselves” when it would have been so much easier to give up, These survivors stood up.
These are not the actions of victims, this is not sitting around and waiting for God to make things happen for you, these are the actions of people who were starved, who had watched their families decimated and murdered, who survived the unsurvivable. They had already begged God to save them once and they understood that while God loves us, God expects us to do what we need to do to protect ourselves and our families.
We are not defined solely by our tragedies or by our triumphs, we are defined by how we survive both. I would think that a people who have so much to be proud about, would start looking harder for things to celebrate, your survival against all odds is one of those things. | <urn:uuid:36f75737-42df-47c1-abdc-13d0ce5d35ed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.israellycool.com/2016/04/08/changing-the-way-we-see-ourselves/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.988399 | 777 | 1.96875 | 2 |
The Children’s Environmental Health Institute (CEHI) was pleased to present our Eighth Biennial Scientific Symposium on November 13-14, Prenatal Environmental Exposures as a Determinant of
Early Childhood and Adult Disease
McKinney Roughs Nature Park and Education Center
1884 Hwy 71 West
Cedar Creek, TX 78612 (13 miles East of Austin-Bergstrom International Airport)
November 13 & 14, 2014
2014 Scientific Symposium Faculty
Jeanne Conry, MD, Assistant Physician in Chief, The Permanente Medical Group, Associate Clinical Professor, University of California Davis Health System, Immediate Past President, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, District IX, and Center for Disease Control, member of select panel on Preconception Care.
Philippe Grandjean, MD, DMSc, Professor and Chair of Environmental Medicine at the University of Southern Denmark and Adjunct Professor of Environmental Health at Harvard University will provide a keynote address. As published by Dr. Grandjean, “Neurodevelopmental disabilities, including autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, dyslexia, and other cognitive impairments, affect millions of children worldwide, and some diagnoses seem to be increasing in frequency. Industrial chemicals that injure the developing brain are among the known causes for this rise in prevalence.“
The following leading experts offered scientifically-based evidence that links exposure to toxic environmental agents and adverse reproductive and developmental health outcomes to early childhood and adult diseases: (listed alphabetically)
Laura Anderko, PhD, RN, Robert and Kathleen Scanlon Endowed Chair in Values Based Health Care, Robert Wood Johnson Executive Nurse Fellow Alumna, Professor, School of Nursing & Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.
Susan Buchanan, MD, MPH, Director of the Great Lakes Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, Clinical Assistant Professor at the University of Illinois Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
Donald Dudley, MD
William T. Moore Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Director, Division of Maternal- Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia School of Medicine
Jennifer Lowry, MD, Director, Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit; Medical Director, Center for Environmental Health; Professor, Pediatric Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology Children’s Mercy Hospitaland Clinics, Kansas City, MO
Claudia S. Miller, MD, MS
Visiting Senior Scientist, Harvard School of Public Health, Professor Emeritus in the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX
We want to thank our partners for their generous support!
Saint Susie Charitable Foundation
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Saint David’s Foundation
Southwest Center for Pediatric Environmental Health
Special Audience Marketing
Concordia University School of Nursing
“This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the accreditation requirements and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) through the joint providership of Texas Medical Association and the Children’s Environmental Health Institute. The Texas Medical Association is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.”
The Texas Medical Association designates this live activity for a maximum of 9 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™, including 1.25 ethics and/or professional responsibility credit. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Join medical professionals,public health and private sector agencies, not-for-profit agencies, faith communities, public policy representatives, built environment sector and child and family advocate organizations, research scientists and government officials in attending the 2014 Scientific Symposium.
McKinney Roughs is an 1,100 acre nature park where characteristics of four ecosystems– Post Oak Savannah, Blackland Prairie, East Texas Piney Woods, and a riparian zone– converge to create an unusual blend of natural resources. McKinney Roughs is home to hundreds of plant and animal species living within the rolling box canyons, wildflower meadows and lazy river bends of the Texas Colorado River. The address is 1884 Hwy 71 West, Cedar Creek, TX 78612. The phone is 512–303–5073 or 800–776–LCRA, Ext. 8021
* HYATT REGENCY LOST PINES RESORT AND SPA (Adjoining McKinney Roughs) – A limited number of rooms under the name “Children’s Environmental Health Institute” are available at a very special rate of $209 until October 17. Shuttle service to the symposium will be provided by the Hyatt. To book your room reservation, please click here. If you require additional assistance, please contact 1-888-421-1442.
* HILTON AUSTIN AIRPORT (About 12 minutes) – Rooms are being held under a block “Children’s Environmental Health Institute” for $161.96 plus tax. Follow the link below to reserve directly under that room block.
9515 Hotel Drive, Austin TX 78719
* LA QUINTA INN AND SUITES AT AUSTIN AIRPORT (About 15 minutes)
7625 East Ben White Blvd, Austin, TX 78741
* DORMITORIES AT MCKINNEY ROUGHS EDUCATION CENTER AND PARK (on-site within walking distance of the meeting). A limited number of dormitories split by male/female, and with private showers and stalls, are available on site for a reduced rate dependent on the final number of participants staying ($86 per night; $30 per night if 20 or more book for Thursday, Nov. 13). This is being coordinated by Baylor College of Medicine Staff. If interested contact [email protected]
Film Showing of “Unacceptable Levels”:
Unacceptable Levels examines the results of the chemical revolution of the 1940s through the eyes of affable filmmaker Ed Brown, a father seeking to understand the world in which he and his wife are raising their children. To create this debut documentary, one man and his camera traveled extensively to find and interview top minds in the fields of science, advocacy, and law. Weaving their testimonies into a compelling narrative, Brown presents us with the story of how the chemical revolution brought us to where we are, and of where, if we’re not vigilant, it may take us.
Unacceptable Levels opens the door to conversations about the chemical burden our bodies carry so that we can make informed decisions now and in the future. The film poses challenges to our companies, our government, and our society to do something about a nearly-unseen threat with the inspired knowledge that small changes can generate a massive impact.
“Every pregnant woman in America is exposed to many different chemicals in the environment. Prenatal exposure to certain chemicals is linked to miscarriages, stillbirths, and birth defects. Many chemicals that pregnant women absorb or ingest from the environment can cross the placenta to the fetus.”
Jeanne A. Conry, MD, PhD, President of The College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist
“Nurses are trusted professionals and essential in efforts to educate childbearing women and their families about the risks inherent in a variety of environmental exposures, including the food we eat.”
Laura Anderko, PhD, RN, Professor, School of Nursing & Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.
“Architects have a greater ability to improve public health than Medical professionals.”
“Effects can be significant for adults, but even more so for children during critical windows of development—particularly brain development. Some of us are especially vulnerable to the adverse effects of environmental exposures depending upon our individual genetic susceptibility. Families expecting a baby may be at especially high risk for such exposures.”
Claudia Miller, MD, MS, Professor, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio.
“The air we breathe, the water we drink, and other factors of our environment affect our health and well being on a daily basis. GreenFaith’s mission is to inspire, educate and mobilize people of diverse religious backgrounds for environmental leadership.” | <urn:uuid:2e09db86-37b8-4717-bce7-98d84b7b2846> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cehi.org/2014-symposium/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.892798 | 1,835 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Our Research & Development Division, Customer Solution Center, in Glico Nutrition, is composed of 2 groups. One is the Functional Ingredients Research group, which develops new functional ingredients, and the other is the Application R&D group, which verifies many functional effects in real some foods.
We create our “SEEDS” (solution) in the market by introducing new ingredients and products that have been developed by our technology to add value. By directly contacting our customers, we can grasp not only the apparent “NEED” but also “INSIGHT”. We are developing new ingredients based on the “NEEDS” and the “INSIGHT” from our customers. Here, we study some technology to modify some ingredients and evaluate the ingredients to make the best use. Indeed, the effect is varified when new ingredients added to actual foods is essentially required. From the initial development stage, we are proceeding with an appropriate evaluation of the ingredients and foods that can be expectedly effective.
Our main products are gluten, one of wheat protein, starch, and original enzyme-treated starch products, “GMIX™” series to express the desired characteristics such as texture. Even if we say “texture,” various tastes and expressions depend on the country and region. We believe we can provide appropriate introductions to our customers by quantifying the characteristics of these ingredients themselves or when added to some foods.
Our fine chemical products, such as health food, cosmetics, and health care products have been developed based on our unique carbohydrate bioengineering technology. We have developed an unique and original technology for glycosylation and carbohydrate polymer synthesis using enzyme reactions. Our unique and original technology produced our unique products, Cluster Dextrin™, α-Arbutin, BIOGLYCOGEN™, BIOAMYLOSE™, and POs-Ca™. We provide these fine chemical products with the solid functional evidences for our customers.
Glico Nutrition values the integrity of our products. The advantage of our Research & Development is that we can provide scientifically verifiable data about our products.
We believe it is imperative to introduce and provide our product usage and capability from a scientific perspective. At the same time, we give priority to our customers’ “NEEDS” and “INSIGHT”. Our researchers are continually looking for ways at a highly advanced level to make sure Glico Nutrition maintains as an indispensable food ingredient company to our valuable customers. | <urn:uuid:897be1bf-9dcf-4e26-84d1-54ac48dcb3d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.glico.com/nutrition/en/rd/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.924589 | 524 | 1.570313 | 2 |
TRADELABOR has more than 20 years of experience in the control and treatment of air, working with an experienced and qualified technical staff and with the most advanced technology in this area, which together guarantee the quality of the services provided.
A new report shows that the number of FDA approvals for cancer drugs has shot up in the last few decades. What’s behind the rise?
According to the new report from the Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development, improvements in R&D and FDA processes have helped get more cancer treatments delivered to patients.
“New approaches to development helped to drive the surge in new oncology products, including improvements in clinical trial design, novel drug formats, and a focus on new and validated targets,” said Joseph A. DiMasi, research associate professor and director of economic analysis and at Tufts CSDD, who conducted the analysis. “Those efforts appear to have paid off, as cancer patients today have many more effective treatment options.”
Here’s a look at the surge in cancer drug approvals, by the numbers.
27 percent = The share of cancer drug approvals among all new approvals since 2010. In the 80s, cancer drug approvals accounted for just 4 percent of the share.
126 = Approvals between 1980 and 2018 for drugs that treat solid and hematologic tumors.
9 percent longer = The average time it took to develop a cancer drug compared to other treatments between 1999-2018. But the FDA approval for cancer drugs during the same time was 48 percent shorter than other treatments because cancer drugs were often given special designations to speed up the regulatory process.
$3 billion = The cost, estimated by Tufts, to develop any new prescription drug.
$42.1 billion = Annual U.S. spending on cancer treatments between 2011 and 2016.
21.3 percent = The percentage of deaths in the U.S. caused by cancer. Although heart disease remains the No. 1 cause of death in America, a recent study published in The Lancet showed that cancer has become the No. 1 cause of death in many wealthy countries where heart disease has become better controlled with medicines. The same researchers predicted that cancer could soon become the No. 1 cause of death worldwide.
Continue at: https://www.pharmamanufacturing.com/articles/2019/the-surge-in-cancer-drug-approvals-by-the-numbers/
The text above is owned by the site above referred.
Here is only a small part of the article, for more please follow the link | <urn:uuid:e6be3897-d962-4822-9363-739c13ea35fd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://manoxblog.com/2020/09/01/the-surge-in-cancer-drug-approvals-by-the-numbers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.963197 | 538 | 2.53125 | 3 |
The man I write about was not a greedy man. He died in a mine in Corbin, Montana. Reported to be a decent, kind, and mostly jovial man, he occasionally helped fellow miners, struggling to make ends meet. He modeled what it means to be decent with his interactions with other men.
Colonel Thornby, a local newspaper owner in Deadwood, South Dakota, described this man in the Weekly Pioneer-Times, July 13, 1905 issue as a man who possessed a balanced mind – a mind more balanced than most of the miners he encountered.
Our man prospected throughout the west when he came upon the gold rich ground of the Black Hills. His prospecting side kick was Hank Harnesy, a Texas cowboy.
Moses! Our gold mining friend carried the name: Moses. When Moses and Hank came to the outcroppings of what became their gold mine in 1876, Moses grasped gold-rich raw materials in this hand, and while looking at it, Moses eyes streamed with tears dropping to the ground.
Moses turned to Hank, his partner as he said, “There is a homestake!” For Moses and Hank and other miners, a “homestake” was a local expression meaning that this is a sufficient amount to take back East. Hence, Hometsake Mine was named.
Hank, Moses his brother Fred and a Mr. Alex Engh co-owned the mine. A few months later, a H. B. Young purchased a few feet of the mine claim. In 1877, about a year after the founding of the mine, the infamous, Mr. George Hearst, father of the media tycoon, William Randolph Hearst, desired to purchase the 10 acre Homestake Mine.
Moses represented himself and his partners. The men met in the Welch House Hotel in Deadwood. The walls of the rooms consisted of board sheathing covered by a thin cloth. Any conversation spoken in one room could be heard in the adjacent room.
After a rather intense session of negotiation, Mr. Hearst and Moses agreed on a price between $70,000.00 and $75,000.00. Mr. Hearst had a set price and Moses wanted more. Finally, Mr. Hearst argued that neither Moses nor he could see into the ground. As a result, if the mine failed, Hearst’s partners would call this adventure “One of George Hearst’s foolish follies.” Moses agreed to the price Hearst offered.
Upon meeting with the newspaper editor, Colonel Thornby, Mr. Hearst said this about Moses, “Moses Manuel is a philosopher. In all my experiences I have never met a more intelligent prospector. Had he been an educated man, he would make a great lawyer. He made the best argument I have ever heard, and I have heard thousands on the sale of a mine. “
Between 1876 and 2001, the Homestake Mine produced 40 MILLION ounces of gold. The price of gold on December 9, 2018 is $1250.00 dollars per ounce. Forty million ounces today would be worth $5 billion dollars.
GROUND RULES FOR MINING THE GOLD OF THE EPISTLES
Rule 1 – Letters are the major literary form of the New Testament.
Rule 2 – Letters were generally less formal, more personal and based on past relationships. See Philemon as an example.
Rule 3 – Letters often corrected or exposed a situation in a local church or in the life of a person or persons. See Galatians, 1 Corinthians, Philippians and 1 Thessalonians for samples.
Rule 4 – Epistles tend to be more formal, self-explanatory treatises written to a wider audience.
Rule 5 – The distinction between Paul’s letters and epistles often blur.
Rule 6 – Paul’s letters and epistles from early were addressed to churches with the intention of being obeyed (2 Thess 3:14), swapped (Col 4:16) and understood to be the Word of God (1 Cor 14: 37-38; 1 Thess 2:13).
Rule 7 – Paul’s letters and epistles gained the reputation of being binding on both churches and individuals, even for churches founded by others (2 Pet 3:15-16).
FIVE PARTS OF A FIRST CENTURY LETTER/EPISTLE
When beginning to study the letters or epistles of the New Testament, remember these five elements may or may not be found in every letter. However, these five parts are normative and should be expected. If one is missing, one might desire to discover the why it is missing, if possible. Only a brief explanation of these 5 parts is presented here.
Part 1 – Salutation – normally there is a reference to author/sender of the letter and the recipients – “Paul, an apostle, to the Thessalonians…” This is followed by a tradition greeting of blessings. Occasionally the author states whey he is writing.
Part 2 – Thanksgiving and / or Prayer – All of Paul’ letters have a thanksgiving except Galatians.
Part 3 – Body – This normally contains most of the space of Paul’s letters.
Part 4 – Exhortation and instruction – See Romans 12:1-15:32; 1 Corinthians 3:1-16:18.
Part 5 – Conclusion – Wishes for peace, the offering of a holy kiss, a concluding paragraph, benedictions, doxologies, greeting to other believers, prayers and prayer requests are some of the concluding remarks found in Paul’s letters.
HOW CAN WE UNEARTH THE RICH GOLD FOUND IN THE EPISTLES?
Step 1 – Read the entire letter in one siting. If this letter was from someone special to you, you wouldn’t put it down until you had read, and maybe even, re-read parts of it. Why short change yourself by reading a few verses and the letter aside? You might find it helpful to use an online service where you can delete the chapter and verses before you begin to read. This may radically change how you read.
Step 2 – Read the letter seeking to learn its historical context. You may find it helpful to use study helps – Bible dictionaries, Bible encyclopedias, and commentaries. Look for information related to the author and the recipients: their cultural, historical, and relationship background. Discover the date and place of writing. Explore the reason for writing the letter. Highlight the circumstances before, during and after the letter was written, if possible.
Step 3 – Using a Bible with paragraph divisions, trace the flow of thought throughout the book. Notice important words and themes. You could number each paragraph and write a one sentence summary beside the paragraphs. Then, produce a working summary of the contents for quick review. Notice transition words, like, therefore, and, but, however etc. Complete this step with a ONE SENTENCE summary of what you feel is the author’s intended message to his audience.
Step 4: Write out theological principles discovered in Step 3. Make this present tense verbal statements summarizing the intended truths of the author as presented to his audience. Jack Kuhatschek in his book, Applying the Bible, presents three qualifying questions to use: 1) Does the author state a principle? 2) Does the broader context of the text state or reveal a theological principle? 3) Why was the particular teaching, exhortation or command stated?
Step 5: How does our theological principle(s) agree or disagree with the rest of the Bible? Are there other passages that teach the same truths or do other passages contradict my theological principle? Allow Scripture to interpret Scripture. Permit one Scripture to illumine other passages. We hold to a basic conviction that Scripture never contradicts itself.
Step 6; Ask how does a believer seek to live out the theological principles presented in Step 5? 1) Begin by reviewing the principle in light of the original situation in the epistle or letter. 2) Explore a situation in our lives which corresponds to the principle. 3) Be specific with the application in real life terms that match the truth found in the letters or epistles.
Join Me this week …
This week – Would you be bold enough to respond to this blog by sharing with me and others who read this blog what you are studying what God is teaching you through his Word. The same principles work with any other genre in Scripture that has an historical background to be discovered. How are you applying it today? I will start:
On Sunday evenings I am teaching through the book of Joshua with our small group at church. We will be exploring Joshua 8. As I studied this chapter, I discovered the principle that we can return to gain victory at places of previous defeat if we remind ourselves of that God’s plan leads to victory if we only trust God and obey Him completely. | <urn:uuid:f691b9fc-2531-451c-82a2-b2ca594d68b8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://truth-travelers.com/category/george-hearst/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.942763 | 1,876 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Over the past year, the Obama Administration has rapidly propped up family detention facilities as a knee-jerk response to the influx of women and children who crossed our southern border last summer. The families fleeing violence and persecution have been apprehended, detained in poor conditions, and rapidly processed through immigration hearings with little due process. Many have been deported back to the dangerous circumstances from which they originally fled. The Administration’s hope was that detaining families would deter others with similar fears from coming to the United States, effectively ignoring the U.S.’s long-held commitment to providing freedom and security to those fleeing persecution.
In the months that have followed, reports from family detention facilities have been a steady stream of one heart wrenching and frustrating story after another. As the call to end family detention grows, federal lawmakers joined the chorus in calling for the end to family detention starting with the House of Representatives last week and joined by the Senate today.
Last week, 136 members of the House sent a letter to the Secretary of Homeland Security noting:
“We are troubled by the Department of Homeland Security’s continued detention of mothers and children in secure, jail-like facilities. For nearly one year, we have been closely following troublesome conditions of confinement, due process issues and serious developmental and medical concerns of those being detained. Many of us have raised these matters in writing and continue to bring concerns to DHS through individual case examples and system complaints. We believe your Department has heard many of our concerns but has not fully grasped the serious harm being inflicted upon mothers and children in custody. We believe the only solution to this problem is the end the use of family detention.”
Yesterday, 33 Senators including Minority Leader Harry Reid also sent a letter to Secretary Johnson requesting his agency bring an end to the policy of incarcerating families who pose no risk to the United States:
“We appreciate all that you have done to improve conditions at family detention facilities, however we do not believe there is any system of mass family detention that will work or is consistent with our moral values and historic commitment to provide safe and humane refuge to those fleeing persecution. We urge you to end the practice of presumptive detention of families and return to the policy of utilizing detention only as a last resort, when there is a serious public safety or flight risk that cannot be mitigated by alternatives to detention”
There are few left defending the efficacy and logic of the mass detention of women and children. The list of those who have realized detaining children and women is the wrong policy for our nation is growing, and significantly, this list now includes many responsible for shaping our laws and policies at the highest levels.
Photo by Bill Dickinson.
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The companies on the market today are global and logistics. Companies are able to get fast, secure, and reliable communications. During the growth of the Internet, companies often extend their own networks. It was earlier in time where intranets came into existence. These sites are designed solely for the company’s employee utilization. Until lately, companies build their own VPNs to meet the requirements of the employees who are working remotely and distant offices. VPN services are applied for security, anonymous surfing and downloading, and detour any limitations to see any site.
A VPN or Virtual Private Network is a system that is layered on the peak of a computer network-based and utilizes a public communication infrastructure for instance the Internet. Mainly, it uses a virtual connection routed through the Internet from the private network of a company or employee on the remote site. In addition, businesses and organizations use VPN via https://www.vpnacademy.com/ (also defined as https://www.vpnacademy.com/을 통한 VPN in the Korean language) to send voice, video, and data in a private way. One major characteristic of VPN is that when data moves over the VPN then it is generally not visible, it is rather wrapped in network traffic.
Image Source: Google
VPN consists of two varieties, remote passage, and site to site. The first one is also called Dial-up Virtual Private Network in which a user-to-LAN connection practiced by a corporation that has operators who want to connect to a private interface from different remote places.
Usually, if an association wants to place a huge VPN Remote Access then it gives some sort of Internet dial account to their clients utilizing an Internet service provider (ISP). Consequently, to reach the Internet and utilize the VPN client software then the user must call a 1-800 number to access the network.
VPN site-to-site, on the other hand, is classified as extranets or intranets. A VPN site-to-site that is built between offices of the same company says a VPN intranet. When a VPN is built to connect the company to his partner or a customer, it is said to be an extranet VPN. | <urn:uuid:9af63385-a851-40e6-a8fe-9f42be5a5adc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dplclinic.com/tag/stay-anonymous-online/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.956716 | 459 | 2.625 | 3 |
Complying with the California Consumer Privacy Act in 5 (more or less) Not So Easy Steps
Part 2 of a Series
What’s Next – the Breach Response Plan
This is the second in a series of articles on complying with the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). The CCPA is estimated to impact more than 500,000 businesses, many of them smaller and mid-size businesses., Complying with the detailed requirements of the CCPA — including disclosure and notice procedures, opt-out rights, updating privacy policies, and revising vendor agreements – is daunting. In our last article, we highlighted the importance of the Data Map. When you finish your data map, what should you do next?
What is the CCPA?
The California Consumer Privacy Act was signed into law on June 28, 2018, and will become effective January 1, 2020 – although the Attorney General is precluded from bringing an enforcement action under the CCPA until the earlier of six months after the final regulations are published, or July 1, 2020. The effective date of the Act gives covered businesses little time to prepare. Preparing now is particularly important, because many obligations under the Act will require advance work, and companies will need to begin now.
After the Data Map – the Incident Response Plan
Most businesses understand that if they suffer a data breach – if specified personal information is accessed by unauthorized users – the business has to consider notifying the individuals whose information has been accessed, and possibly their regulators. Despite the fact that laws requiring notification laws have been in effect for more than 15 years, many companies do not have plans to address a breach. Commencing on January 1, 2020, when the CCPA goes into effect, the inability to respond will become a bigger issue. The reason – the CCPA grants a private right of action to individuals.
Actions under the CCPA
Under the CCPA any natural person who is a resident of California may bring an action if their unencrypted or unredacted personal information has been exposed due to a business’s failure to maintain appropriate security safeguards. The definition of personal information under the CCPA is broader for most purposes of the Act than when determining a breach – it is limited to a person’s name (at least first initial and last name) and either their social security number, driver’s license or state identification number, bank or credit card information, or medical or health insurance information.
There is no requirement that a plaintiff demonstrate damages; instead,` plaintiffs can seek statutory damages between $100 and $750, injunctive or declaratory relief, or “any other relief the court deems proper. In addition, plaintiffs can seek actual damages in excess of the statutory recoveries. And the Act specifically allows the aggregation of claims into a class action. The specific authorization of a private right of action means that any breach is more likely to result in extended, costly, and embarrassing legal action.
Why a Breach Response Plan
One of the important ways to reduce potential liability in a data breach is preparation. Companies need to be realistic: avoiding a breach is difficult, and may not be possible to achieve – so a response plan is essential. A sufficient incident response plan offers a course of action for all significant incidents, not just data braches. Some incidents lead to massive network or data breaches that can impact an organization for days or even months. When a significant disruption occurs, the company needs a thorough, detailed incident response plan to stop, contain, and control the incident quickly. For physical disruptors, such as natural disasters and flooding, create a disaster recovery plan.
What’s in the Plan?
While every plan is different, just like every company is different, all plans share some key elements in common:
- A list of roles and responsibilities for the incident response team members.
- A list of the outside experts – attorneys, forensic investigators, public relations and others – whom the company can call upon.
- The procedures for reporting a breach, and specific identity of who should be contacted, and in what order.
- A business continuity plan.
- A summary of the tools, technologies, and physical resources that must be in place.
- A list of critical network and data recovery processes.
- Communications protocols, both internal and external.
Once the plan is in place, it is essential to test the plan, and to review and update it at least annually, or when a material factor changes, such as a change in personnel. Having the plan in place will reduce response time, limit the damages to affected individuals, allow for more accurate disclosures, and help avoid other violations of law that could lead to greater liability.
As noted above, an incident response plan is necessary to comply with the CCPA, but it has more benefits – many disasters can disrupt business, and having a well-developed incident response plan provides a map for all serious disruptions in a company’s business.
Next on deck in our series on complying with the CCPA – privacy policies and the CCPA.
Read our other blogs in this series on Complying with the California Consumer Privacy Act in 5 (more or less) Not So Easy Steps:
Robert E. Braun is the co-chair of the Cybersecurity and Privacy Law Group at Jeffer Mangels Butler & Mitchell LLP. Bob helps clients to develop and implement privacy and information security policies, negotiate agreements for technologies and data management services, and comply with legal and regulatory requirements. He helps clients to develop and implement data breach response plans, and he and his team respond quickly to clients’ needs when a data breach occurs. Contact Bob at [email protected] or +1 310.785.5331.
JMBM’s Cybersecurity and Privacy Group counsels clients in a wide variety of industries, including accounting firms, law firms, business management firms and family offices, in matters ranging from development of cybersecurity strategies, creation of data security and privacy policies, responding to data breaches and regulatory inquiries and investigations, and crisis management. The Cybersecurity and Privacy Group uses a focused intake methodology that permits clients to get a reliable sense of their cybersecurity readiness and to determine optimal, client-specific approaches to cybersecurity. | <urn:uuid:fc0feb7e-98cf-4e71-b892-3faf8e9188de> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cybersecurity.jmbm.com/2019/04/17/complying-with-the-california-consumer-privacy-act-in-5-more-or-less-not-so-easy-steps-part-2-the-breach-response-plan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.932013 | 1,277 | 1.617188 | 2 |
The other day, I was in the park, and I heard a youngish boy, in the midst of an activity with some of his friends, shout a phrase I hadn’t heard for years. “Me, Pete, Alex, and Chris stick.” Those of you who are British, about my age, and male will no doubt be nodding in nostalgic recognition. Those of you not, well, you might well know what it means too — I’m not sure how far that particular bit of slang propagated, or whether it was ever applicable to things other than what I saw.
What I saw was some boys playing football. What the above phrase means, for those of you in darkness, is that the shouter, Pete, Alex and Chris are one team, and everyone else is the other team. This differs from just choosing those four as a team (and this is where the word stick becomes important) in that if someone new turns up halfway through the game to play, they will automatically be on the other team. “X, Y, and Z stick” is short, perhaps, for “X, Y, and Z stick together against everyone else”.
A fun game of football, as opposed to the increasingly money-burdened and formalised professional inception of the beautiful game, is not only one of life’s true pleasures, and something that practically everyone who used to play it as a boy will look back on with fondness, but is also a thing redolent with strange slang. Most of this slang is peculiar to the boys’ game because of its freewheeling and informal nature; in particular, it’s often unreasonable to assume that there will be an even number of total players, or sufficient players to give members of the team fixed positions in the field. There may not even be a goal, other than that marked out by a couple of piles of jumpers and coats. The other two terms that leap at me from my memory when I think about this are “rush” and “fly”, both pertaining to the goalkeeper.
You see, it’s unlikely that a bunch of lads playing will have enough players that they can mount a reasonable attack and still leave someone in goal the whole time; imagine 6 of them playing, which is by no means an unreasonably low number. If you leave someone permanently in goal, you’ve only got two players to attack with. If your attacking teammate is marked, therefore, you are a little short of choices. (What this actually means is that you make a glory-boy run at goal, which is something that you do all the time anyway, but we’ll leave that aside.) So, the concept of a “rush goalie” was introduced. A game played with the “rush” rule allows the goalkeeper to essentially behave like an attacking player the whole time. This results in all three of our hypothetical players participating in the attack, but does mean that the keeper has to run madly back to his own goal if the other team take possession and begin their own attack. That’s part of the fun. A rush goalie is never bored, and is always more tired than the rest of his friends by the end of the game. But you do get to do everything: attack, defend, save.
Interestingly, proper football rules include the rush rule; the keeper may come out as much as he likes. You see this at the end of desperate matches, where a team one goal behind may throw all eleven players, including their keeper, into the opposing team’s goal area for a corner. Keepers very rarely do come out, though, and hence, I think, it was assumed by all of us that they could not do so under the rules (we were none of us well versed in the minutiae of the FA’s Association Football rulebook). This therefore necessitated a special rule to allow keepers to do so.
“Fly” goalie is a different beast. If you have a rush keeper, he may come out and play, but he has to be the one who runs back. A team with fly keeper may have anyone in goal, and change without warning or notification. So anyone who’s in the area can be goalie and save the ball with their hands. Technically, fly doesn’t grant rush, which means that although anyone can be nominally in goal, someone must always actually be so; one of your team must always remain in your own goal area (but who that is can change arbitrarily). In practice, however, a team granted fly is assumed to have been granted rush as well. Fly goalie wasn’t awarded very much, because it gave the team with fly a big advantage, and because it was open to abuse: when under attack, everyone on your team essentially feels that they can use their hands when in the area, because at that moment they’re implicitly the keeper. In extreme circumstances, some teams would stand in the area and throw the ball to one another, catching it in their hands, on the assumption that the goalkeeper position was passing form one player to the next after it was thrown and before it was caught. Some games tried to patch this up by stating that the change of keeper had to be made explicit in some way (normally just by shouting), but most just didn’t allow fly keepers.
Both rush and fly are agreed before a game starts, in much the same way that house rules are agreed in a game of poker; they’re suggested by someone and then agreed by general acclamation. One player may offer a suggestion for teams: as above, something like “Me, Pete, Alex, and Chris stick.” The other team may then agree, with the proviso that they get rush. In such ways is diplomacy conducted. | <urn:uuid:9e66db36-87d0-4468-86d4-71148033a167> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kryogenix.org/days/2003/04/02/rush/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.983171 | 1,223 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Create an Exclusive Link
An exclusive link between code buttons means that only one of the linked buttons can be active at a time. Activating an exclusively-linked code button will deactivate the other linked button(s). An exclusive link between a label button and a code button ensures that the label will only be applied to instances created with that code button.
Enter Edit mode in the code window.
Select the button to add an exclusive link to and click Inspector.
Double-clicking a button will also open the Inspector.
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Do not create an exclusive link between two label buttons. If you do, the labels will not be applied to any instance, even if activated. | <urn:uuid:512bb400-69d1-4120-88d5-500dfedf8fb3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hudl.com/support/hudl-sportscode/build-1/button-properties/create-an-exclusive-link | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.834071 | 238 | 1.875 | 2 |
From 1879 to 1910 over ten thousand Native American children from every corner of the United States were sent to the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania. Often thousands of miles from home, the students underwent a program of Americanization. Up top is the sadly un-ironic cover of the school newspaper The Carlisle Arrow and Red Man.
The Carlisle School served as a sorry standard-bearer to an insidiously brutal chapter in relations between Indians and the United States. The curricula was designed to erase the student’s heritage, effectively reprogramming them as whitewashed Americans. School founder Col. Richard Henry Pratt (pictured above) was blunt in describing his philosophy:
A great general has said that the only good Indian is a dead one. I agree with the sentiment, but only in this: that all the Indian there is in the race should be dead. Kill the Indian in him and save the man.
Earlier this year Dickinson College digitized Carlisle’s records and put them online for public scrutiny. The results are a dense and melancholic look into the lives of people who’s cultural identity was stolen from them in their adolescence.
In 1906, a fourteen year old Spokane girl named Lulu O’Hara (third from the left on the bottom row) was sent from Washington State to Carlisle by her grandfather. As evidenced by her records, Lulu was schooled in menial labor like general housework and sewing, earning consistent praise in her reviews. At 17 she was allowed to work as a housemaid in a respectable white household, with a meager wage of $6 per month. Historian Larry Cebula notes on his blog that the process is called “outing” and it:
…reinforced the Carlisle view of the future of American Indians after they graduated, working in either manual trades or as domestic servants.
There were doctors and lawyers that came out of Carlisle but they were the vast minority. Most if not all students contracted some form of debilitating or deadly disease and often students ran away due to fear of death because they were homesick and did not want to die.
In all 186 students would die during their term at Carlisle, a painful reminder that even as late as the early 20th century the native population was often devastated by disease. Today their bodies lay interred in a cemetery on the school grounds. Writer and Indian rights advocate Suzane Shown Harjo argues passionately for the cemetery’s preservation:
The cemetery is considered worthy… because they are history, but also because they are evidence. That small dark prison holds the blood and memory of those who could not or would not do what was demanded of them.
Dickinson University has made the Carlisle Indian Industrial School documents available to the public. You can look through them here. | <urn:uuid:4e3a2b1e-0d60-417e-8828-7d9e76cb90dc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://teenagefilm.com/archives/archive-fever/stories-from-the-carlisle-indian-school/%20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.983262 | 581 | 2.890625 | 3 |
The landscaping repair and maintenance is no way the easy task as it would need a lot of efforts and time on part of you.
If you are the one who love to keep your garden lawn green and flourishing all the time, you need to put in place many endeavors in the shape of allocating sufficient amount of time towards it.
On the other hand, if you are the professional having the job filled with the hectic and busy work, you certainly won’t be able to spare some time to improve or maintain the landscaping or yard of the home.
For that purpose, you would need to hire the professional gardener or landscaper who can do your work on your behalf and will charge you the agreed amount in exchange of his services.
This way, you would be able to keep the lawn and garden in the best structure and lively all the time without letting it to dry down or get damaged owing to the unfavorable climatic conditions.
As the matter of the fact, one should not have the lawn or garden or the large home if he or she is not able to keep it well-maintained and well-structured.
In case you are unable to give proper attention and time to the landscaping repair and maintenance, you should give the contract of your home to the landscaping provider firm and company.
This way, you would be able to turn your home into paradise where you can spend the good moments and time with your family and near and dear ones.
All in all, if you are fortunate to have the yard at your backside of the home, then you need to maintain in the best possible way so that the value and worth of your home can be improved.
The landscaping and its effective maintenance ensure the addition of the beauty and appeal to the overall structure of the home.
Controlling the moss in the turf:
As the matter of the fact, moss is something that grows or occurs in the area which is shady part of the grass or turf of your garden.
Furthermore, moss forms in the area in which the soil seems to be not helpful for the lawn to become healthy and vibrant that can ensure its being green and appealing. Pruning is something that has potential to offer a greater amount of the sunlight.
In fact, if you follow the tips for the effective development and maintenance of the healthier lawn, you would see that the moss growth will likely to be reduced to the minimal level and the point where it cannot be seen in part of the turf.
Maybe you are the one who is thinking to eliminate the lawn and make it replace with the shade tolerant plants and trees in case the shade is so powerful, maintaining the lawn will turn out to become the activity having the need of a lot of endeavors and skills deployment.
As and when you tend to have the moss in your turf or grass, all you need to do is to apply the tactic of liquid iron as per following the instructions and prescriptions that are labeled on the packet and bag.
If you apply the liquid in the timely and effective manner, it would highly likely to eliminate the moss within a couple of hours. If you can’t believe it, you can try it.
Surprisingly, sometimes you can see the moss that is being eliminated through the liquid even before your very eyes.
You need to make sure that you are not getting the liquid on the hard part of the ground as it has potential to make the hard part stained.
Once the moss die, all you need to do is to eliminate it with using the labor-intensive or manual approach else the using up of the power rake.
Along with that, you also need to do over seeding the areas that are appear to be bare and covering it with the help of the sandy soil.
That is done through the organic content else the peat moss which is easily available among the gardeners and landscapers.
You need to apply this landscaping tactic in the months of the spring. Owing to the fact, the usage of iron in the warmer months would likely to damage and harm the lawn. In the end, you need to seek to make it grow as soon as possible.
For the purpose of seeking more information, services, and the most significantly, details, you can visit the tonyandjoeslandscapedesign.com | <urn:uuid:1edae5da-9361-4e57-b87d-d4358b5e3363> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.houseofbakchodi.com/how-to-control-moss-in-turf/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.968499 | 886 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is “a disorder that develops in some people who have experiencing a shocking, scary, or dangerous event.” It’s very natural to feel afraid during a traumatic event, but some people carry those feelings over time, manifesting in the form of nightmares or unwanted memories, avoidance of situations that bring back memories of the trauma, anxiety, paranoia, agitation, depression, and more. Nearly 5.2 million people are estimated to experience PTSD in a given year. While symptoms of PTSD can affect work, school, and home life, they can worsen if adequate sleep is lost.
The National Center for PTSD has identified several reasons for why people with PTSD may have sleeping problems:
- Constantly feeling “alert”
- Incessant worrying or negative thoughts
- Use of substances
- Medical problems such as chronic pain, stomach problems, etc.
While symptoms of PTSD can cause sleeping problems, research has also found that sleeping problems can exacerbate symptoms of PTSD. A 2016 study published in the journal Health Psychology found that initial sleeping problems are associated with increased PTSD, depression, and intrapersonal resource loss – otherwise considered as having a sense of control over one’s life, hope, and the feeling as though one is a successful person. How is it that these areas increase?
As a multiple core survival function, sleep provides us with the energy we need to cope with problems, think clearly, make wise decisions, etc. A lack of sleep, whether initially shown as a problem or as a derivation of PTSD, can cause a person to experience greater vulnerability to psychological distress. When this happens, a person is more likely to utilize unhealthy coping strategies to deal with problems such as re-experiencing the event in the mind, hyperarousal, depression, and a lack of intrapersonal resources.
If you’ve been struggling with symptoms of PTSD, make the decision to speak with a professional at a reputable treatment center today. Recovery is possible, and there are many tools you can use to move forward with your life.
Avalon Malibu is a world-renowned, California state-licensed mental health and substance abuse recovery center. If you are ready to seek treatment to develop the tools you need to overcome life’s obstacles and be on the road towards happiness, health, and well-being, call us today at 888-958-7511 for a consultation. It’s never too late, and there are people here ready to help you. | <urn:uuid:30bc454d-65a4-4b95-abdd-d7ea7eea2454> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.avalonmalibu.com/blog/how-might-sleep-and-trauma-be-related/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.951733 | 531 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Alwaght – Tensions between India and Pakistan, two Asian nuclear states, have reached their peak last week when Indian fighter jets attacked a Pakistani border area harboring terrorists. Pakistani officials, calling the Indian attack a violation of their soil, threatened that the New Delhi’s move will not go without response. As the tensions escalated fast, the two countries’ exchanged fire on the two sides of the border, and in an air encounter, India lost two and Pakistan lost one fighter planes.
Seeking the roots and aspects of the recent escalation, Alwaght has conducted an interview with Nozar Shafee, an Iranian expert of Indian Peninsula affairs.
The first question was about the roots of the Pakistani-Indian confrontations that happen every now and then. Mr Shafee responded that since 1947, the year the Indian Peninsula was split and the two modern countries of India and Pakistan were created, Islamabad and New Delhi were at the dispute over Kashmir. So far, he added, they fought three wars, two of them over Kashmir and one over Bangladesh’s separation from Pakistan.
“Indians argue that Kashmir is the undetectable part of India. Their reasoning is that Kashmir for a long time has been an independent princely state which chose to be part of India. On the opposite side, Islamabad says that the partition of India document says that the split of territories should be based on the three principles of religion, geographic closeness, and the will of people. So, these three principles make Kashmir part of Pakistan. But India rejects this argument out of the worry that should it lose Kashmir, other areas of its territory may revolt for secession, something that will challenge India’s territorial integrity.”
Pakistan insists that as long as Kashmir is not integrated into its territories, its territorial unity will not be realized and the deal of the partition will remain incomplete. Islamabad seeks to internationalize the cause while New Delhi strongly comes against this agenda. So far, the two sides engaged in negotiations several rounds. But the territorial disputes are the most complicated problems between the states. India and Pakistan’s case is no exception.
The expert went on that “So far, a set of scenarios were designed to resolve the dispute. First one was forming the greater Kashmir that was planned to come to existence from the reunion of India and Pakistan-administered Kashmirs. The second one was the smaller Kashmir formed by adding parts of Kashmir, Jammu, and Ladakh to India. But Kashmir Valley will become an independent region with portions of Pakistani-administered Kashmir being part of it. The third scenario is keeping the status quo, namely saving the Line of Control as a border. The fourth one is Chenab River formula. It was proposed that Chenab River, which breaks Kashmir into two equal parts be set as the demarcation line.” But none of these scenarios were successful because the two sides did not approve of them. With this level of dispute, any negotiations only can de-escalate tensions and are unlikely to result in a settlement on Kashmir.”
When was asked why the new Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan failed to accomplish his campaign-time promise of dialogue with India, Mr Shafee replied that India does not want to negotiate over Kashmir. On the other side, in Pakistan the army, not the PM, has the last word on Kashmir cause. Pakistani army wants all of Kashmir. So, any measure taken by the two countries’ politicians or the Indian army on Kashmir will be almost ineffective. At the same time, people in Kashmir complain that the choices about the future should not be limited to choosing between Pakistan and India. A better choice, they insist, is independence. Such a position by the Kashmiris, in turn, compounds the problem.
Mr Shafee was asked about the veracity of the Indian claims that Pakistan supports the radical groups to hit the Indian national interests and if there was the possibility of war. He responded that New Delhi’s argument is true. There are some terrorist groups equipped in Pakistan and sent for terror operations on the Indian soil.
Touching on war between the neighbors, the expert said “There are three possible forms of war between the two countries. First is a nuclear war which is highly unlikely. The second war is a conventional one which is more likely. However, there are fears that a conventional war will lead to a nuclear one. The third form is a sub-conventional confrontation similar to the current Islamabad backing to the anti-Indian terrorist groups to deal blows to India. This form is favorable for Islamabad because the Pakistanis are unable to directly fight India.
Alwaght asked where this crisis could go and if the United Nations Security Council will step in the case. The Iranian expert replied that despite the fact that India and Pakistan are two nuclear powers, a full-scale war between them looks hard to break out. Still, a shadow of tensions over Kashmir remains on the two neighbors’ relations. “As I already told you, India is uninterested to see the involvement of the UN in the issue. But I do not think that escalated tension will upgrade to a full-scale war. Because it will have huge damages to both sides.” | <urn:uuid:5b2b9e31-89bb-4e71-9282-a4b0aafe431e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theiranproject.com/blog/2019/03/05/indo-pakistan-war-unlikely-expert/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.962024 | 1,071 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Are you a gambling addict? Here’s what you need to know.
There is an old Filipino adage that goes like this: If you want to get back at your enemy, teach him how to gamble.
Poker, slot machine, blackjack, roulette, bingo, sports, or any other betting game is gambling. Whether at the casino, online, or in many e-gaming locations that has sprouted everywhere in our country, getting hooked to gambling can lead to financial problems. Left to chance and left unchecked, this gambling habit can lead to gambling addiction, which can then cause financial catastrophe as well as trouble at home, at work, and even with authorities.
Problem gambling leads to many more problems that will make the gambling addict’s life spiral down. It is very common for these types of addicts to incur huge amounts of debt, which would then push them up the wall. Very soon, they may find themselves lying and stealing money to support their gambling or pay off debts. They may even commit crimes to support their addiction.
Similar to substance, alcohol, and other behavioral addictions, gambling addiction can be overcome with understanding and the right professional help.
Understanding the Compulsion to Gamble
According to PsychCentral gambling addiction is an impulse-control disorder, where the gambling addicts keep gambling even if they’re happy or sad, whether they have money or are broke. Filled with obsession and compulsion, they will always have a reason to gamble, which can lead to serious consequences.
Gambling addiction is called a ‘hidden illness’ because it does not exhibit any physical signs, unlike substance or alcohol addiction. However, gambling stimulates the brain’s reward system much like substances can, and this feeling is what all addicts seek, pushing them deeper and deeper in.
Still, it is important to note here as well that not all who go into casinos or bet on games are gambling addicts. Some may just gamble once in a while as a way to unwind or spend time with friends. Nevertheless, this activity can lead to addiction, especially when casinos are designed to look glamorous and fun, while the attraction of easy win and easy money can excite anyone. Many would start gambling with friends or as a belief that they carry a certain luck and yet find themselves suddenly and irreversibly hooked. At times, the gambling progresses over time, growing unnoticed until it disrupts family life or causes a serious financial setback.
Spotting the Gambling Addict
You, or someone you know may have a gambling problem if they exhibit these symptoms:
- Keeping gambling activities a secret or lying about it
- Cannot control gambling and betting
- Getting thrilled with taking big gambling risks
- Gambling even without any money
- Accumulating huge debts or stealing
- Finding excuses to go gambling
- Using gambling as a way to escape from loneliness, guilt, or other problems
- Missing work, appointments, or social gatherings in order to gamble
Gambling can become out of control when it affects social relationships and creates a problem with family life, or worse—when the addiction leads to bankruptcy and theft or other crimes.
What Causes Gambling Addiction?
Gambling addiction, like all other kinds of addiction, is a disease that does not discriminate. It affects men and women alike, the rich and the poor, and it cuts across cultural and social bounds.
There are those who socially gamble for years and not develop addiction. Meanwhile, there are those who gamble once or twice and end up sorely addicted.
Aside from biological, genetic, and environmental factors, there are also other factors that increase one’s predisposition to gambling addiction. This include:
- Age – gambling addiction is more common in younger and in middle-aged people
- Sex – more men are found to be addicted to gambling than women. Studies show that women who are addicted to gambling start later in life compared to their male counterparts, and are often suffering other disorders and become addicted at a faster rate.
- Family and social influence – those who have parents or are regularly surrounded by people with gambling problems tend to have a greater inclination to gambling and gambling addiction
- Other behavioral disorders – Those who are addicted to gambling may have, or may develop, other addictions such as alcoholism and drug addiction. They may also have personality disorders that tend to be risk factors for compulsive gambling.
- Personality profiles – Those who are workaholic, restless, adventurous, risk-takers, easily bored, or are highly competitive may become easily hooked and addicted to gambling.
The Effects of Gambling Addiction
The effects of gambling addiction is typically intertwined and may lead to serious problems. This is why it should be treated as soon as possible:
- Relationship problems; strain in the family
- Financial problems; debt, bankruptcy
- Job loss, stigma in the workplace
- Involvement in criminal acts resulting to legal problems and even imprisonment
- Association with alcohol and drugs leading to substance addiction as well
- Mental disorders | <urn:uuid:b6993db8-ecb4-4229-9c7e-231fe1199492> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://bridgesofhope.com.ph/index.php/heres-the-deal-are-you-a-gambling-addict/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.950951 | 1,032 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Immune checkpoints refer to a series of molecules expressed on immune cells, regulating the degree of immune activation. They play an essential role in preventing the occurrence of autoimmunity. At Creative Biolabs, we are proud of offering immune checkpoint targeted peptide selection services to accelerate your immune checkpoint drug development projects.
About Immune Checkpoints
B7 family is a type of immune checkpoint family including co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory molecules. B7 family members, such as BTN family members, offer excellent opportunities to modulate immune response therapeutically in treating different diseases.
Fig.1 B7-H4 is a co-inhibitory molecule on APC (blue) and interacts with its unknown receptor (receptor X) on T cells (green) to deliver negative signaling during T cell activation. (Yanxia, 2015)
BTNs as Co-Inhibitory Molecules
Scientists demonstrated the co-inhibitory role of mouse BTNL2 in T cell immunity. In vitro studies showed that BTNL1-immunoglobulin (Ig) fusion protein suppressed low-concentration anti-cluster differentiation (CD)3-induced T cell activation and interleukin 2 (IL2) production by cell-cycle arrest.
BTNs as Co-Stimulatory Molecules
In a study, scientists found that the administration of BTNL8-immunoglobulin (Ig) enhanced anti-CD3-stimulated human CD4+ T cell proliferation and cytokine production, such as IFN-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin 8 (IL8), and interleukin 10 (IL-10). Earlier studies in cancer patients suggested that high BTN3A2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was associated with a good prognosis related to disease-free and overall survival in a cohort of 55 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients.
Creative Biolabs provides a comprehensive range of customized, high-quality services in immune checkpoint targeted peptide development to advance your programs. If you want to know more information, please directly contact us.
Yanxia, G.; Wang, A. Y. Novel Immune Check-Point Regulators in Tolerance Maintenance. Frontiers in Immunology. 2015, 6(6): 421.
All listed customized services & products are for research use only, not intended for pharmaceutical, diagnostic, therapeutic, or any in vivo human use. | <urn:uuid:c2a28690-023b-4285-9cd9-a982a99c857a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://immune-checkpoint.creative-biolabs.com/immune-checkpoint-targeted-peptide-selection.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.907611 | 523 | 1.703125 | 2 |
You don’t have to go on a Mt. Everest expedition to encounter the discomfort and potential danger of altitude sickness on a trip. In fact, just driving up to the high points in some of the national parks out West is enough to make some people feel faint. And certainly, if you’re visiting high-elevation cities like Cusco, Peru (11,152 feet), or Lhasa, Tibet (12,002 feet), you’ll feel a difference in the air as soon as you step off the plane. Those planning mountain treks at such heights are especially vulnerable. However, for most trips to high places, there’s no need to pack oxygen tanks (unless you are climbing Everest) or spend weeks gradually acclimatizing.
The effects of altitude sickness kick in as you gain elevation and the amount of oxygen in the air decreases. Since our bodies are all different, some people will feel the effects earlier than others. But generally, most people will begin to notice a change at 6,000 to 8,000 feet. If you’re planning a trip, especially an active one, to a place around that elevation or higher, here are some tips to help you avoid problems.
Before you go:
- Educate yourself about the symptoms and effects of altitude sickness. For starters, read the altitude illness portion of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Health Information for International Travel guide.
- Talk to your doctor about getting a prescription for a drug like Diamox, a prophylactic you take in advance of going to a high elevation. I took Diamox before climbing the Inca Trail near Cusco, Peru, and was completely free from problems, while most others in my group who did not take the drug were suffering from fatigue, headache, and shortness of breath the first day of the trek.
- Before you arrive, try to stay hydrated. Avoid caffeine and alcohol.
While you’re there:
- Plan to take things slowly when you first arrive and get a good night’s rest before being more active. If you’re planning to trek or do some other adventure activity, it’s a good idea to spend a full 24 hours or more taking it easy before you start.
- If you’re gaining altitude, say on a hike, move at a gradual rate so your body can slowly adjust to the change.
- If you or someone you’re traveling with experiences a gradual worsening or a sudden onset of symptoms, you should try to get to a lower elevation as soon as possible.
Have a great travel tip you’d like to share? Send your insider travel strategies to [email protected].
We hand-pick everything we recommend and select items through testing and reviews. Some products are sent to us free of charge with no incentive to offer a favorable review. We offer our unbiased opinions and do not accept compensation to review products. All items are in stock and prices are accurate at the time of publication. If you buy something through our links, we may earn a commission. | <urn:uuid:704c39b4-18d7-4cb8-8061-33a3fb684e5e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stage.smartertravel.com/dont-lose-your-breath-over-a-high-elevation-vacation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.934684 | 647 | 2.09375 | 2 |
6 moves for the ultimate butt workout
Try these exercises to lift and shape your glutes’then get ready to show off the results of this butt workout in your jeans and bikini bottoms
Source: Web exclusive: July 2010
Knowing your glutes
The gluteus region is made up of three main muscles: the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus. Although the gluteus maximus is the strongest in the group, the gluteus medius and minimus should not be ignored.
Why the glutes are important
The glutes stabilize your pelvis when you sit, stand or walk. This helps with posture and lowers the amount of stress placed on the lower back, spine, hips and knee joints.
The glutes also help with these moves:
‘ Extension of the hip (brings leg back)
‘ External rotation of the hip (moves thigh or pelvis outward)
‘ Abduction of the hip (pulls the thigh away from the body)
‘ Internal rotation of the hip (moves thigh or pelvis inward)
‘ Transverse abduction of the hip (moves thigh away from body when hip is bent).
Choose the routine that’s right for you
Determine the shape of your butt and choose the program designed to make your backside toned and lifted.
Round: Outline begins at the hips and keeps a full figure all around, similar to an apple bottom
Repetitions/sets: 8-12 reps / 2-3 sets
Tempo: moderate or fast
Upside-down: A butt that sits between a small waist and bigger hips; similar to a pear
Repetitions/sets: 0-15 reps / 2-3 sets
Flat: No definite contours; can appear saggy or non-existent
Repetitions/sets: 8-10 reps / 2-3 sets
Note: Tempo is the speed the exercise is performed at.
A slow tempo is a 1-2-3 count up with the same speed down.
A moderate tempo suggests you move in a 1-2 count up and a 1-2 count down.
A fast tempo means that the movement is explosive for a count of 1-0-1.
Adding variety to your routine will keep the muscles guessing and stimulated for better results. Avoid overdoing it; the exercises are divided into two groups to be done on non-consecutive days. Alternating weeks, do the program for four weeks, then repeat with increased intensity or difficulty.
Exercises for program A: Lunges, single-leg deadlift, lying lateral leg lifts
Lunges works glutes, thighs and core
Stand with your feet together, hands on your hips or behind your head.
- Step forward with the right leg. Bend both knees and begin lowering yourself until the front thigh is parallel with the ground and the left knee is almost touching the ground. Both legs should create 90-degree angles at the knee. Your torso should be straight up and down, not bent over.
- Keeping an even weight distribution on both feet, return to starting position and alternate legs.
Intermediate → Try holding dumbbells at your sides or on your shoulders.
Advanced → Add a jump when returning to starting position and quickly switch the forward foot in mid-air.
Single-leg deadlift works glutes, hamstring, core
Stand straight with your feet staggered, holding a dumbbell in each hand, palms facing toward your body.
- Shift your weight onto the front leg and begin bending forward, keeping your back and arms straight, until the weights are just below your knees (you will feel a stretch in the back of your thighs).
- Raise your back leg to form a straight line with your head, hips and heels. The front leg should remain slightly bent throughout the exercise to avoid straining the knee. Avoid leaning forward by drawing your belly button in towards your spine. Keep the majority of your body weight on the heel of your front foot.
- Contract your glutes as you return to the starting position without letting the back leg touch the ground. Repeat on the same leg for the required number of repetitions then switch to the opposite leg.
Intermediate → Try a heavier weight.
Advanced → Add a small hop once back at starting position.
Trouble with balance? Start by holding a weight in one hand and use your free hand to balance against a wall.
Lying lateral leg lifts works glutes ( primarily the glute medius and minimus)
Lie on your side with your shoulder, hip, knee and ankle all forming a straight line. Bend your bottom leg at a comfortable angle and keep the top leg straight with your ankle pointing toward the ceiling
- Lift the upper leg toward the ceiling (approximately 2-3 inches), contracting your buttock muscles at the same time. Ankle points towards the ceiling.
- Lower the leg (but don’t let it rest) and repeat the movement in a small fast pulsing manner.
Change the angle of the leg relative to your body after you have completed the set repetitions at one angle: after straight leg lefts, try leg at 45 degrees and leg at 90 degrees
Intermediate → Do in a side-plank position with forearms on the ground.
Advanced → Do in a side-plank position with your hand on the ground placed directly under your shoulder.
Exercises for program B: Squats, plié squat, bridge
Squats works glutes, thigh and core
Stand with your feet shoulder width apart and toes slightly turned out. Hold a dumbbell in each hand at your sides.
- Initiating the movement from your knees, lower your hips backward until your thighs are parallel with the ground (or as close as you can get them). Maintain an upright torso, a forward gaze and keep your knees aligned over your ankles. To protect your knees, don’t let them go farther forward than your toes.
- Pause and return to starting position by contracting your glutes as your straighten your legs. Your weight should be evenly distributed between the balls of your feet and your heels. Do not lock your knees at the end of the motion.
Intermediate → Try single leg squats. Use a chair for some extra guidance on the squat pattern.
Advanced → Jump out of the squat as high as you can. Start with only your body weight and progress to holding weights. This increases the muscle fibre recruitment, particularly in the gluteus maximus.
Plié squat works glutes, inner and outer thighs
Stand with your feet wider than hip width apart and your toes turned out (approximately 45 degrees). With both hands hold a dumbbell in front of you with arms straight but not locked.
- Keeping your torso upright and your abdominals tight, lower your hips until your thighs are parallel with the ground. Widen your stance if your knees appear to be over your toes.
- Return to starting position.
Intermediate → Try holding the dumbbell at chest level with your arms stretched out.
Advanced → Add a jump at the end of the movement for increased muscle stimulation.
Bridge works butt, lower back, hamstrings
Lie on your back with your knees bent, feet flat on the floor directly below your knees, and hands at your sides.
- Lift your butt off the mat as high as you can go. Press down with the heels of your feet, toes pointing forward.
- Hold the position and lower your butt back to starting position without allowing a rest between repetitions. Repeat.
Intermediate → Put your feet on a bench or stability ball.
Advanced → Do the exercise with one leg.
Jesseny Rojas is a personal trainer who uses a multi-disciplinary approach to empower individuals with a sense of ownership over their health, fitness and overall well-being. | <urn:uuid:37cb8c89-eb51-4394-997a-c4715f022a8c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stage.besthealthmag.ca/article/6-moves-for-the-ultimate-butt-workout/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.903151 | 1,688 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Awsome Of Course Crew - An Introduction / Micski Is Blasting download album
- Performer: Awsome Of Course Crew
- Title: An Introduction / Micski Is Blasting
- Genre: Hip-hop
- Formats: RA WAV MOD MP1 TTA AAC DXD
- Released: 1988
- MP3 album: 1752 mb
- FLAC album: 1961 mb
- Rating: 4.8/5
- Votes: 926
Discover all of this album's music connections, watch videos, listen to music, discuss and download. zeng by Yellowman (1983). Funky President (People It's Bad) by James Brown (1974). Cissy Strut by The Meters (1969). Long Red by Mountain (1972). Change the Beat (Female Version) by Beside (1982).
Awesome of Course Crew. An Introduction, Micski Is Blasting. Kickin' Live Productions 1988. Main genre: Hip-Hop, Rap, R&B. Contains samples of 3 songs. Multiple Elements Soul, Funk, Disco.
Listen to music from Awesome Of Course Crew like Micski Is Blasting, Micsi Is Blasting & more. Find the latest tracks, albums, and images from Awesome Of Course Crew. Awesome Of Course Crew. Overview (current section).
Also known as Awsome Of Course Crew. Kickin' Live Productions. Caution! All audio materials of Awesome Of Course Crew are presented solely for information.
Introduction Course To Air Quality Management. Science, engineering and technology. Seminar In Workplace Drug Testing Operation Of Water And Wastewater Treatment Plants Environmental Management Module For The Mineral Resources Industry Fundamentals Of Vector Network Analysers Short Course In Solar Energy Engineering. This course is ideal for you if you are mining personnel involved in blasting activities, both in the underground and surface mining environments, as well as contractors performing blasting activities on mine sites and civil excavations, personnel from explosives companies, suppliers of explosives products, senior management and consultants to the mining industry.
Of course, you also have to look at it this way: You want to be as prepared as possible so that you are as comfortable as possible when you accept your first position. A stew training course, more formally referred to as interior-crew training (sounds more professional, no?) can be taken before or after completing your STCW Basic Safety Training; it does not matter. These beginning classes will usually entail an introduction to the yachting industry, so you can feel out how well you take to this yachting stuff before you go investing your money in the full five-day+ courses.
Of Course Crew updated their cover photo. 29 November 2015 ·. Of Course Crew updated their profile picture.
NAV. Released September 4, 2016. The Introduction Tracklist. 1. Nothing On You Lyrics. The Introduction is NAV’s first mixtape, released on September 4th, 2016. It was initially self-released but then re-released under XO and Republic. Download the mixtape here. The Introduction Q&A.
|A1||An Introduction (Vocal)|
|A2||An Introduction (Instrumental)|
|B1||Micski Is Blasting (Vocal)|
|B2||Micski Is Blasting (Instrumental)|
- Written-By – H. Stennett, K. Tyler
NotesKickin' Live Prod.
© ℗ 1988 (ASCAP)
Brooklyn, NY 11208 | <urn:uuid:fb5a4ccf-75e1-4395-ad63-cead0aef3f2e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://music.dinosaurbones.ca/40689/awsome-of-course-crew-an-introductionmicski-is-blasting-album-download.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.859298 | 739 | 1.53125 | 2 |
The consumption rate for each person on social networks ranges between 2 – 4 hours per day, and social media marketing strategies revolves around the use of both organic and paid social to engage customers with a full customer online footprint journey – customer acquisition, remarketing, retention and customer service.
Paid Social v.s. Organic Social
Organic social refers to social engagement activities without any paid promotions on the social platforms, whereas paid social are marketing outreach activities that typically reliant on advertising dollars. In which, ads or sponsored posts are paid by business brands to reach audiences beyond their current followers.
As social platforms are actively monetarizing the usage by business brands, organic social reach continues to dwindle and plummet, leaving business brands with paid advertising options to reach new customers and fight amongst the competitors in reinforcing your brand messages. Unlike most ATL channels, advertisers can leverage on audience targeting by demographics – age, gender, and interests to outreach your potential customers.
Despite the organic social reach is on declining, it still serves as an effective channel to manage your relationship and reputation with the existing community that are following your business brands.
How Paid Social potentially influence ecommerce purchases?
Recent survey results suggested that as high as 64% of the survey respondents use social media for shopping inspiration.
Such results are due to advertisers actively reaching customers with personalized promotions on social networks with the following phenomenal:
- These customers are already using social platforms while considering making a purchase.
- They are actively deciding what to buy based on what they have seen on social media platforms, including reviews and recommendations. | <urn:uuid:f35bc78b-6fa8-4ca6-9687-5ec96f9b99e9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tinkeredge.com/consulting/paid-social/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.947601 | 317 | 1.570313 | 2 |
A new kind stars
A new kind stars – How much do you know about the world around you? Have you ever wondered what is going on outside of Earth and the surrounding space? Do you know only the Milky Way galaxy and how many famous stars? Maybe it’s time to think a little more and learn a little more about the space world around you as technology advances every day. You may be interested in knowing about galaxies and stars, but you do not know where to start. The most important step is to get acquainted with the environment around the planet. To this end, today we want to introduce you to the Milky Way galaxy in which the solar system is located, and then make a new and very interesting discovery for astronomers; They have discovered a new type of star, known as N-rich. There are billions of stars around us, each with its own characteristics that are familiar to us. They open the door to a new world for you, so we have to go step by step, it might be interesting to get to know the N Rich stars to get started.
Introduction to the Milky Way – A new kind stars
Galaxies are a collection of stars, remnants of stars, gases, dust, and planets that can be identified in space with a definite boundary. The exact number of galaxies available is not known, but it is enough to know that the smallest galaxies are several hundred light-years across and contain millions of stars; The light-year is used to measure the length in stellar and cosmological calculations. The Milky Way is a galaxy in which the solar system and Earth are located. This galaxy is seen in a milky color in a clear, dust-free space. And it actually came from the juxtaposition of millions of stars. The naked eye can not distinguish stars from each other and sees them in a spiral shape that is milky in color. In appearance, the Milky Way galaxy can be likened to a disk, a light disk that is beautifully placed in space, and the solar system is just one point on one of its arms. The Milky Way galaxy can be talked about for years. He said and looked at it from different angles, but so far we can only have a general idea of it in mind and know that it is made up of millions of stars. But we go to a new star that was discovered in this galaxy. Has been …
Discover new stars in the Milky Way Galaxy – A new kind stars
As we said, there are millions of stars around us in the Milky Way galaxy, and we still do not know enough about all the stars, so astronomers and astronauts are still searching for space to discover new stars and gain more information about them. Astronomers have recently identified a new species of star in the center of the Milky Way that has high levels of nitrogen. This discovery was very useful in the science of astronomy and led astronomers to obtain new information about the stars of the solar system. You will discover the significance of this discovery when you know that stars have existed in the system since about 13.2 billion years ago or that their effects are still there. The galaxy is gone. The new discovery is called the University of Moore, Liverpool, England.
This type of star was discovered during a joint project and its discovery is not in the name of any particular person, this is according to the data obtained from infrared signals, stars with a high volume of nitrogen. Usually, around the star, There is a lot of dust in the center of the galaxy, which makes it difficult to identify. But using infrared light made our teamwork easier.
Many of the stars at the center of the galaxy have not yet been identified, mainly due to the high dust content, but we were able to get better information when we used infrared light.
Meet the N-rich star
The discovery of the N-Ritch star followed a project called APOGEE, which aimed to collect traces of stars in the infrared spectrum. The name N-rich is also due to the presence of a lot of nitrogen in this star. The star helped researchers better understand how spherical clusters of the Milky Way galaxy formed 13 billion years ago, which is why the stars are estimated to be 13 billion years old, but studies are still underway. Rich continues.
The discovery of the N-Ritch star followed a project called APOGEE, which aimed to collect traces of stars in the infrared spectrum. . The star helped researchers better understand how spherical clusters in the Milky Way galaxy formed 13 billion years ago, so the stars are estimated to be 13 billion years old, but studies are still underway. Rich goes on. To better understand the importance of these stars, it is good to know a little about the spherical clusters of the Milky Way. In general, star clusters are a group of stars that are brought closer together or connected by gravity and are seen as a set. Most stars in a cluster have similar shapes and properties, so information about one type of star can provide information about several stars. In general, there are two types of clusters: spherical clusters and open clusters. . Spherical clusters in which the star Rich is also in this type of clusters have a longer life, or in other words, are older and are seen as a ring and a halo. About 150 globular clusters have been identified in the Milky Way to date, but open clusters are more unstable and weaker than spherical clusters. Based on the explanation, we find that N-rich can be understood. Give us a better set of stars in the center of the Milky Way. Further study of the spherical clusters of the Milky Way, especially the stars at the center of the galaxy, of which we have little information, will eventually help us gain a better understanding of how the galaxy formed. The discovery of N-Ridge stars greatly contributed to the astronomy of the world. | <urn:uuid:af7a5602-789d-431e-ae5a-80231525f4f5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://usefulpracticalknowledge.com/a-new-kind-stars/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.956282 | 1,191 | 3.140625 | 3 |
In conjunction with our Summer Reading Program: Oceans of Possibilities, this Grab and Go Art Project is perfect for grades K-5. Create a clay fish using your imagination and creativity! Your Grab and Go bag will include: clay, acrylic paints, newspaper to protect your work space, directions, and inspiration images. You will also need a pencil, butter knife or clay needle, and paint brushes. Have fun mixing your own paint colors! Just be careful as acrylic paints can stain fabric.
Registration on our website events calendar.
Pick up anytime the library is open starting on Tuesday, August 2nd. If you’d like, take a picture of your finished piece and email to Alexis at [email protected] we will share on our Instagram and Facebook. | <urn:uuid:0dd2fe79-57ea-4ca7-8049-d15c342ea083> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.piermontlibrary.org/2022/07/grab-and-go-art-project-clay-fish/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.914845 | 161 | 2.171875 | 2 |
What a delightful thing to read in the lead up to Valentine’s Day.
Being both thrifty and impatient, I actually read the online copy for free at The Hathi Trust digital library, as the original came out in 1922 and is yet unavailable for e-reader. Since I’ve been listening to Rosalia’s El Mal Querer on constant repeat these past few weeks, I wanted to experience the text that had inspired this terrific flamenco-fusion album, or at least the most conveniently accessible English translation.
After reading the quite short novel(la?) I was genuinely surprised it isn’t more widely known. Perhaps because it was originally written in Occitan and is thus less accessible than other, more famous romances. Of course, it isn’t devoid, at least in this somewhat abridged translation by William Aspenwall Bradley, of the problems that plague other stories of the time. But even writers of our era trade in insta-love and in the diminishing of the seriousness of sexual assault. Flaws like these are almost easier to forgive in older works, because the choices of the authors and translators can be more clearly viewed through the lens of the intervening years.
Anyway, this is the story of the beautiful Flamenca, whose father, Count Guy of Nemours, would rather she live as a nearby chatelaine rather than become the monarch of a far-flung court. So he decides to marry her to Archambaut, lord of Bourbon and one of the best knights of the age. Flamenca and Archambaut meet and are impressed by what they see, so consent to marry. After a days-long wedding feast in Nemours, Archambaut rushes to Bourbon to prepare another feast to welcome his new bride home. He asks the King and Queen of France themselves the honour of escorting, with their many knights, Flamenca on her journey to him.
Unfortunately, the King proceeds to show a little too much favour to Flamenca, and by the time the royal party have left Bourbon, Archambaut has worked himself into a right fervor of jealousy. Over the next few weeks, anything she does or says is fuel for his paranoia. Soon, he has her cloistered in a tower with her two ladies-in-waiting, Alis and Margarida, letting them out only for church services. The years pass and no one does anything to help her or her ladies (thanks, Dad!) till a young knight named Guillem learns of her plight. Struck by the idea of Love, he travels to Bourbon and puts in motion a plan to meet her and win her love.
This version of the tale ends with the lovers happily fooling the awful husband. The original text in verse continues a little longer before petering out abruptly, though not before granting Flamenca a little more freedom. I understand Mr Bradley’s choice to end his adaptation cleanly, tho I still rather wish I had greater access to the original. Fortunately, Mr Bradley’s introduction is quite good, explaining his choices and scholarship, as is the story overall. The problematic bits actually stand out less than the progressive bits, with at least one really terrific part considering the nature of Fear, Shame and Love. I was honestly prepared for something much more depressing, given the themes of Rosalia’s album, but each work of art is good, and deeply satisfying, in its own way. You could do much, much worse than to check out either. | <urn:uuid:c9172dec-9d02-4308-8502-10148bf0e595> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thefrumiousconsortium.net/2020/02/12/the-story-of-flamenca-the-first-modern-novel-arranged-from-the-provencal-original-of-the-thirteenth-century-by-william-aspenwall-bradley/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.96275 | 728 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Banana bread can be a sweet treat, but it’s not really that healthy for you. Improve your banana bread’s texture and nutritional value by mixing in an avocado.
Photo by whitneyinchicago.
Health.com’s recipe is grain free and contains no refined sugar. The avocado not only helps the bread stay moist, it adds healthy fats and fibre. The bread’s not as sweet as regular banana bread, the article notes, but you can add chocolate nut butter, chocolate chips or jam to make the bread even tastier. | <urn:uuid:f21e9fb9-56f1-4f07-ba5c-0c745201ff60> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lifehacker.com.au/2020/04/bake-healthier-banana-bread-by-adding-avocado/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.916748 | 117 | 1.75 | 2 |
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Work With atlasGO
Successful team building is an art. The process can be an extensive one that encompasses participating in new activities together and having strong leadership. A company can be likened to a well-oiled machine, which depends on every component to run smoothly. Let’s take a look at some simple steps to foster team building and create a healthy workforce.
First and foremost in successful team building is communication. It’s all too easy to create barriers and separation in an office setting due to different positions. As a team leader or manager, it’s likely your team members will be reluctant to voice their opinions. To combat this, you can start by encouraging communication between everyone.
Inspire your workforce to share their concerns with you and their coworkers. An excellent way to do this is to adopt an open-door policy. Ensure you’re easily accessible, and allow drop-in discussions rather than having your employees schedule an appointment.
An excellent way to take the open-door policy to the next level is to literally knock down doors and walls. Instead of sitting in an office overlooking the bullpen, eliminate the walls separating you from your team by creating an open space concept.
To have a successful team-building experience, you need to foster aid and support. You can achieve this by delegating the right roles to the right people. Make sure you value what every member brings to the table. There is no better way to develop a strong bond with your team than to value their skills.
When employees feel appreciated, it motivates them to work harder and contribute more towards the collective goal. When you dictate unsuitable roles to an employee, it could lead to burnout, miscommunication, and frustration.
Instead of focusing on the end goal, which can be daunting for many, break down the process into smaller milestones. These smaller steps are much more attainable, and achieving these goals encourage employees to keep going.
Speaking of reaching smaller goals, you should celebrate milestones, both big and small. Whenever your team has an outstanding achievement, make sure you commemorate that goal with a celebration. It can be as little as a gift card for each individual to something more significant such as an extra vacation day for everyone.
We also highly recommend taking part in activities together and celebrating outside the workplace. Managers and employees are on different playing fields in the office. But once outside, it’s much easier to create strong bonds and lasting friendships, which brings us to the next item on our list.
Experiencing new things and participating in challenges together can further strengthen the bond you and your team members share. An excellent option for an out-of-office activity is an employee engagement challenge with atlasGO. You can set a target for all your members to work towards as a team, which in turn increases motivation in the workplace.
Since everyone’s efforts will bring the team closer to the finish line, it creates the opportunity for your staff members to give each other motivation to push harder. Everyone can provide encouragement on atlasGO’s online platform through virtual high fives, comments, and sweaty selfies. The challenge is easy to monitor through our app, which also features a leaderboard.
Lastly, the interaction you have with your team members will have a significant impact on team building. You don’t have to be best friends, but other than setting challenges and goals for your team both in and out of the workplace, you should also make time for some good old-fashioned fun. In other words, make time to schedule activities that don’t require your workforce to produce results.
For example, a simple work dinner where everyone is invited can relieve the pressure of performing. Instead of focusing on achieving a certain goal as a team, your employees can relax in a stress-free setting and get to know each other on a deeper level.
Not only will this strengthen existing bonds and create new ones, but it will also allow your team to recognize the people they work with, which could result in higher performance, engagement, and interaction amongst one another in the workplace.
Team building can be considered a sociological experiment. Every person is different, which means no team is the same. Take the time to know who you’re working with and figure out what works and what doesn’t. The right professional skills coupled with communication and teamwork will lead to successful team building.
Written by Jess Lin.
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This website stores cookies on your computer. These cookies are used to collect information about how you interact with our website and allows us to remember you. We use this information in order to improve and customize your browsing experience and for analytics and metrics about our visitors both on this website and other media. To find out more about the cookies we use, please see our Política de Privacidade. | <urn:uuid:887e0fc4-b0ab-4cb6-9d66-fee2ce4b1b66> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://atlasgo.org/pt/successful-team-building-for-your-company/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.947517 | 1,054 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Ian M. Wright asked why a particular website wouldn’t load for him, while others did without fail.
When something gets lost in that complex communication mishmash that we call the Internet, it’s not always easy to figure out who is to blame. But you need to know. Because if the problem is yours, it’s not going to go away until you’ve fixed it.
Try these tests to solve the problem.
[Have a tech question? Ask PCWorld Contributing Editor Lincoln Spector. Send your query to [email protected].]
1. See if the problem is out of your hands
The website you wish to access just might not be up right now. To find out, visit Everyone Or Just Me and enter the problematic website’s URL.
If the site tells you that “It’s not just you,” you may as well relax. There’s nothing you can do but wait for someone else to fix their technical problem.
But if you’re told “It’s just you,” keep reading.
2. Try another browser
Whatever browser you’re using, try something else. There could be a conflict between your browser and the website in question.
In the long term, this isn’t a very satisfactory solution—especially if you’re attached to a particular browser. But it works in a pinch, and you can start doing some research on why that particular site has problems with that particular browser.
3. Try the IP address
Remember that a domain name is just a friendly label. The real location is the IP address. Try entering that in the browser.
But first, you have to get the IP address. Go to Whois Domain Name Lookup, make sure the Who Is tab is selected, and enter the domain name.
After you’ve proved yourself human with a simpler-than-most CAPTCHA-like test, you’ll get a screen with a lot of data. Scroll down to the second section, Geo Information, for the IP address.
4. Alter your hosts file
This file contains specific exceptions to domain names and IP addresses. Perhaps there’s something wrong here—a likely possibility if the domain name failed and the IP address worked.
Use your Windows Search tool to find notepad %windir%System32driversetchosts.
This will bring the hosts file up in Notepad. Search for the site name. If you find it, put a hash tag (#) at the beginning of the line. Save and close the file.
5. Make sure you didn’t block the site
Search for Internet options and open the Control Panel tool. Select the Security tab, the Restricted sites icon, and then the Sites button. | <urn:uuid:4070a34c-c8a2-46d8-a298-aa2ac6b64c5d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pcworld.com/article/423801/5-ways-to-diagnose-a-website-thats-not-working.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.882361 | 591 | 2.0625 | 2 |
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