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Background and political career
Beavogui, a member of the
Toma ethnic group,
was born in
Macenta, located in southern Guinea, and he was trained in the
Senegalese city of
Dakar to become a medic. He was elected as Mayor of
Kissidougou when he was 31 years old, and he was elected to the
National Assembly of France in January 1956 as one of three deputies representing
French Guinea. Under President
Ahmed Sékou Touré, Beavogui was appointed to the government as Minister of Economic Affairs and Planning when Guinea gained its independence in 1958, and he was appointed as
Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1961. After the Guinean government allowed
Kwame Nkrumah, the ousted President of
Ghana, to live in exile in Guinea, the authorities in Ghana detained Beavogui at the airport in
Accra while he was on his way to
Ethiopia for a conference of the
Organization of African Unity in October 1966. He remained Foreign Minister until May 1969, when he was moved back to his position as Minister of Economic Affairs.
At the end of the Ninth Congress of the ruling
Democratic Party of Guinea (PDG) on 25 April 1972, President Touré said that Beavogui would become Prime Minister; that position had not previously existed.
Beavogui served as Prime Minister from 26 April 1972 to 3 April 1984. | <urn:uuid:9f0a94ae-4253-42c8-9250-b352429f9ccb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.know.cf/enciclopedia/en/Louis_Lansana_Beavogui | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00349-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.987828 | 308 | 2.5 | 2 |
What is IQ?Simply speaking, IQ (intelligence quotient) is an assessment of your ability to think and reason. However, if you want a fuller definition, you have to try and understand the concept of IQ first with utmost patience as it is not a straightforward one. Although IQ is science, it's a fuzzy one.
All of you probably must have been labeled as dumb, bright, smart, stupid, clever etc. at different times of your life. Isn't it? This is where IQ comes into play as human beings getting influenced by such comments are invariably drawn towards knowing how intelligent they are? Like a kind of school grade, they want to know where their intelligence level stands. For a more intrinsic depiction of their intelligence, they usually turn to their IQ (Intelligence Quotient).
IQ or Intelligence Quotient is simply an attempt to measure intelligence. We use the word "attempt" because intelligence can never be measured accurately. Hence, we have to remain satisfied with 'relative intelligence'.
IQ is a "measure of relative intelligence which is determined by a single or a set of standardized test." IQ is a score derived from one of the several different standardized tests that attempts to measure intelligence. In other words, IQ can be defined as an attempt to measure a person's mental agility. It is a number that measures the people's cognitive abilities (intelligence) in relation to their age group. An Intelligence Quotient indicates a person's mental abilities relative to other persons of approximately the same age.
The IQ is a number that ranges from 0 to 200+ and is a ratio that is derived by comparing mental age to chronological age. The intelligence quotient is defined as 100 times the Mental Age (MA) divided by the Chronological Age (CA).
Hence, IQ = Mental Age/Chronological Age X 100
So if you are 50 years old, but have the intelligence of an average 44 year old, your IQ is: 100 x 44/50 = 88. This is a low IQ.
An IQ of 100 is usually considered as normal or average for the whole population. An IQ score higher than 100 means that the person is mentally advanced for his age and has high IQ and IQ less than 100 means just the opposite. IQs can be as high as 200 in adults and 250 in children.
I hope the evidences and justifications which I have presented before you must have shattered all the IQ myths and cleared several of your misconceptions regarding IQ. However, it is quite unfortunate that a huge number of people, despite being able to see the differences between myths and realities, are still eager to promote these IQ myths for gaining their selfish ends.
Thus, IQ or Intelligence Quotient is an attempt to measure intelligence or to be precise is the measure of relative intelligence. This may mean many things to many people but generally the attribute of intelligence refers to quickness of mental comprehension (or mental agility). Intelligence should not be confused with knowledge, wisdom, memory or other attributes. The term IQ is always an attempt to measure a person's mental agility. And it is very important for people not to confuse between intelligence and relative intelligence. Intelligence can never be measured and IQ is not the measure of intelligence. IQ is simply the measure of relative intelligence derived by a single or set of standardized tests.
Technically speaking, the first IQ test was developed by French psychologist, Alfred Binet in 1905. His test has provided the base for all modern IQ tests that are widely used today. However, the interest of scientists and psychologists in intelligence dates back to thousands of years.
How Do You Interpret The IQ Scores?
What is a good IQ score? What is a high IQ score? What is a low IQ score? These are common questions, particularly after someone finds out their score from an IQ test. | <urn:uuid:32adef66-6b3b-4b52-ad98-70d0c582a5f3> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.iqtestexperts.com/iq-definition.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721558.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00044-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973591 | 778 | 3.25 | 3 |
According to a new study, among people younger than 65, state regulations for health insurance and medical practitioners tend to be at fault for late diagnoses of colorectal and breast cancers.
State regulations and guidelines could prevent people younger than 65 from being screened.
Researchers assert that the increased access to care could have an important effect on colorectal cancer incidences.
The study was published in Health Economics Review. The study was carried out by researchers from Georgia State University and the University of North Carolina.
Colorectal cancer has been on the rise since 1998 and breast cancer has remained relatively stable since 2003.
Although progress has been made in the way against cancer, the proportions of late-stage diagnoses remain a public health concern.
Researchers used statistics from the U.S. Cancer Statistics and reviewed data from about 2,300 counties in 40 states with records of breast cancer and colorectal cancer diagnoses.
The data showed that 54 to 60% of colorectal cancer diagnoses and 24 to 36% of breast cancer diagnoses were later-stage cancers.
Researchers were able to determine whether late-stage diagnoses were more likely in states based on regulations and guidelines for cancer screening that guide clinical suggestion and insurance coverage for the tests.
The data used in in the study was only recorded up to 2009. The reason for this is because the 2010 implementation of the Affordable Care Act, which made healthcare services available to a wider array of people and changed some guidelines for care as a result.
Researchers believe that an interesting follow up question which would need research is whether the role of area uninsured becomes less important over time. Researchers are also concerned as to whether the young-old age discrepancy and interaction with state regulation becomes less pronounced. | <urn:uuid:ea2779cf-7929-4b5d-846b-a2655c29a2bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oginski-law.com/blog/screening-guidelines-might-actually-hamper-cancer-diagnosis.cfm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.974652 | 353 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Sarah Fielke’s new book, Quilting from Little Things, helps you learn new techniques with a doll or mini-size quilt. Sarah then shows you how to make a larger version of the quilt once you are comfortable with the techniques. Sarah writes, “This enables you to take a small bite out of a new sewing technique instead of having to start a large quilt every time. I used that idea by expanding on the mini and taking the little block into something larger.” It’s been said by folks on the blog tour that this is the best book they bought this year! If you admire Sarah’s beautiful style and her well-loved Material Obsession books (Material Obsession: Modern Quilts with Traditional Roots and Material Obsession 2: More Modern Quilts with Traditional Roots), you’re going to love Sarah’s new Quilting from Little Things!
There are ten quilt pairs in the book so you can make small and large quilt versions, all while learning traditional quilting techniques like creating wedges and flying geese blocks.
Hanging Lanterns Queen-sized Quilt from the book, demonstrating wedges.
Sarah also shows you how to experiment with less conventional methods like deconstructed piecing, and she teaches you her unique needle-turn appliqué and hand-quilting techniques.
Geese Around the World Crib-size Quilt from the book.
Sarah made this quilt using the Geese Around the World doll quilt design from the book, though she used the blocks in a different way to create a crib-size quilt. This pattern is available to all Sew,Mama,Sew! readers! You need the templates from either Quilting from Little Things or Issue No. 52 of Australian Quilters Companion magazine, and then you can email Sarah for the rest of the pattern if you would like to make your own crib-size Geese Around the World quilt ([email protected]). The pattern is a great way to learn more about foundation piecing.
Whirligig Throw Quilt from the book, from the Appliqué Bias Stems chapter.
You can hear what Sarah has to say about the new book in her interview with Pat Sloan on American Patchwork & Quilting Radio. We’re at the end of Sarah’s blog tour so you’ll want to check back at other stops for interviews plus some great examples of quilts made from patterns in the book:
11/28 ~ Fat Quarterly and Amy Ellis
11/29 ~ Thomas Knauer
11/30 ~ Camp Follower Bags and Ryan Walsh
12/1 ~ The Happy Zombie and Moda Lissa
12/2 ~ Mrs. Schmenkman Quilts and True Up
12/3 ~ Pink Chalk Fabrics and Pam Kitty Morning
12/4 ~ Sew,Mama,Sew! and Pat Sloan | <urn:uuid:bee0d72c-1507-4a67-9ed3-de2bbc860e9e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.sewmamasew.com/2011/12/quilting-from-little-things-blog-tour/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719041.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00169-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.895719 | 614 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Open to the Public
Enjoy a hike at the Helen W. Buckner Memorial Preserve and explore the variety of plants and animals. View All
The Helen W. Buckner Memorial Preserve at Bald Mountain is the largest and most ecologically diverse natural area managed by The Nature Conservancy in Vermont. It is home to 11 uncommon or rare-in-Vermont animal species, 18 species of rare or uncommon plants and 10 distinct plant community types. Peregrine falcons nest on the cliffs of Bald Mountain and the preserve includes floodplain and upland forests, marsh habitat, three miles of undeveloped Lake Champlain shoreline, and wetlands along the Poultney River.
From the fields of the old Galick farmstead, there is a sweeping vista of mountains, wetlands and the southern end of Lake Champlain. Bald Mountain rises out of the hayfields like a whale emerging from the deep, the river-like southern end of Lake Champlain and its wetlands trail below, and beyond lie South Bay and Saddles Mountain in New York.
Why the Conservancy Selected This Site
The Helen W. Buckner Preserve at Bald Mountain has one of the highest levels of biodiversity in the state. Many of the natural communities here are in excellent condition. In fact, conservation has been so successful at this site that it is now host to nesting warblers.
Two Main Trails
There are two main trails here - the Susan Bacher Memorial Trail (2.5 miles) and Tim's Trail (2.8 miles) and a one-mile trail that connects the two. Brochures are available at the trail kiosks. Please wear boots and long pants and watch out for snakes.
Hunters use the preserve during the month of May and from October 1 to December 31. If you visit the preserve during hunting season please wear bright clothing. To hunt at this preserve, please be sure to obtain permission.
Please read our Preserve Visitation Guidelines.
What to See: Plants
On the trail, you'll pass through a northern hardwood forest. In the spring, wildflowers such as columbine, hepatica, spring beauty, bloodroot, early saxifrage, and trillium abound here.
In the upland forest you'll see chestnut oak, which is at the northernmost edge of its range here; it's a tree more commonly found further south.
The predominant natural community type at Bald Mountain is the dry oak-hickory-hophornbeam forest. The tree species characteristic of this forest type, white and red oak, shagbark and butternut hickory, and hophornbeam are adapted to the warmer conditions more common in this area of Vermont.
Bald Mountain has several cliff communities and talus slopes, which are piles of rock that have accumulated where a rock face has gradually given way.
What to See: Animals
If you're patient, you may glimpse a peregrine falcon soaring from the cliffs of Bald Mountain, or come across one of the eight species of amphibians that live here. The preserve is also home to Vermont's only lizard, the five-lined skink, as well as black bears, bobcats, coyotes, wild turkeys, porcupines, bald eagles, ospreys, and rabbits.
From Whitehall, NY, take Route 4 east; from Rutland, VT, take Route 4 west. Then from Route 4, just east of Whitehall village, turn north onto Route 9A across from the Bittersweet Plaza. After about one mile, turn left onto Route 9 at the T intersection. Take the first right onto Route 10 (Doig Street). Then turn left onto the dirt road (the paved road curves right). Cross the bridge and turn left. The Tim's Trail parking area is 0.7 miles down the dirt road on the right. The Susan Bacher Memorial Trail parking area is another mile down the road on the right. | <urn:uuid:79052ef7-6e65-440c-bb1a-b65e76a4159a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/vermont/places-preserves/helen-w-buckner-preserve-at-bald-mountain.xml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00500-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928325 | 819 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Malawian President Peter Mutharika has paid glowing tribute to Frist President Kenneth Kaunda’s contributions towards the liberation of the African continent.
Professor Mutharika said Dr Kaunda played a pivotal role by committing and sacrificing himself and Zambia in ensuring that countries such as Namibia, Zimbabwe and South Africa are liberated from colonialism.
The Malawian leader told Dr Kaunda that the famous song he coined of Tiyende Pamodzi is being used as a unifying factor across Africa citing Mozambique and his country Malawi where the song is being used to galvanise people for national development.
ZANIS reports that Professor Mutharika, who is accompanied by his wife Gertrude, Ministers of Agriculture and Foreign Affairs and government officials, was speaking when he paid a courtesy call on Dr Kaunda at his residence in State Lodge area in Lusaka today.
The Malawian leader, who sought Dr Kaunda’s secret of health and youthfulness, said that Zambia’s First President was a living testament that there is life after politics.
He commended Dr Kaunda for being the first African leader to fight against the HIV/AIDS scourge on the continent and promoting related health intervention programmes.
Professor Mutharika urged African leaders resisting to leave office to emulate Dr Kaunda whom he said has been supporting to all successive Presidents in their work.
President Mutharika said he was impressed with the robust infrastructure development taking place in Zambia and that Malawi is trying to emulate Zambia so that his country can attain the middle income nation status by 2020.
Professor Mutharika further said he was happy with what he saw at the 2015 Agricultural and Commercial Show in Lusaka and instructed his Agriculture Minister Allan Chiyembekeza to ensure that Zambian companies attend Malawi’s trade fair next year.
And speaking earlier, Dr Kaunda, said he was elated to receive President Mutharika and his wife Gertrude in his home.
Dr Kaunda described the Malawian leader as a humble man and urged him to embrace God in his presidency and practice love in serving Malawians.
Malawi’s Foreign Minister George Chaponda was reunited with Dr Kaunda after many years as he was once appointed by the former head of state to be the Chief Executive Officer for Contract Haulage.
Dr Kaunda later led his guests into singing the famous Tiyende Pamodzi song much to the delight of the Malawian leader and his delegation. | <urn:uuid:07260762-f93d-41aa-a8fc-3eb121bf5aa6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://lusakavoice.com/2015/08/02/president-mutharika-calls-on-kk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00476-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981483 | 541 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Here are some tips on improving your eyesight. These are four simple exercises you can do that can improve your eyesight naturally. Why Do We Have Eye Problems? Most of the eye-related problems that comeContinue Reading
Most of the eye-related problems that come up are caused by eyestrain. When you strain to see something, the surrounding muscles are forced into becoming tense and rigid. This in turn puts pressure on the eyeball and distorts its shape. Did you know that there are some simple exercises that you can do to combat this problem. These improve your eyesight with exercise exercises are designed to help the eye muscle relax.
283 total views | <urn:uuid:1186bfcc-cffd-4252-86e5-94443e24651d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://profitonlinefromhome.com/tag/improve-your-eyesight-naturally | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.972736 | 134 | 1.875 | 2 |
If the fryers in your restaurant are on the fritz or you have to substitute that manufacturing line fast, you may contemplate looking intoequipment financing. You borrow money from the lender for the express purpose of buy equipment, and the equipment turns into the collateral needed to secure the loan. Like financing any tangible gadgets , you keep making funds until the mortgage is up. Rates can go from a low 8% to over 30%, so do your homework to search out the APR that works greatest for you. Not surprisingly, the big mortgage you qualify for, the more years you’ll should pay again.
Hi @IndiaPostOffice , Can you help with business parcels that are stuck at one location and no information is being provided by anyone in the local office .
— Anup Saket (@saket_anup) May 17, 2021
The Finance sector is comprised of establishments primarily engaged in monetary transactions, which involve the creation, liquidation, or change in possession of economic property. Almost each agency, authorities agency, and other sort of organization employ a number of financial managers. Working in places of work often near high managers and with departments that develop the monetary data those managers need, monetary managers sometimes have direct entry to state-of-the-art laptop methods and knowledge providers. BACHELORSTUDIES connects students and undergraduate degree suppliers around the globe. As part of the Keystone Academic Solutions household of student-centered websites, BACHELORSTUDIES helps college students find colleges and universities on-line. BACHELORSTUDIES is out there in 40+ languages and makes it simple for the right students to search out the right bachelor’s degree, BAs, BScs, BBAs, and baccalaureate degrees. Students in Southeastern’s Finance program acquire the talents and knowledge they need to pursue profitable careers or graduate studies in finance.
Residential Business Administration: Finance Program
More than half of these surveyed mentioned that they use some or only cloud-based software program for accounting and finance, and business’ reliance on Microsoft Excel continues to decline, even amongst smaller companies. Some 59% of companies with lower than $25 million in income mentioned they use Excel for budgeting and planning, however that’s 10 factors lower than the 2018 survey and practically 20 points lower than the 2017 survey. These include corporate earnings tax, regional taxes, municipal taxes, payroll tax and equity Business & Finance tax , value-added tax and withholding tax. Depending on the complexity of the business, it’s a good suggestion to contain a Certified Public Accountant in tax preparation and filing processes. This type of small business financing choice is one thing to consider in case your operating historical past and credit historical past don’t let you qualify for different forms of financing.
To earn the IB diploma, students should full a two yr sequence of courses in humanities, math, and science. In addition, ABF college students are required to complete a senior thesis and a novel class on interdisciplinary evaluation, in addition to necessities in the arts, neighborhood service, and athletics. This course aims to offer the coed with a foundation for critically thinking Business about organization, administration and the management of people. This course is ideal for any pupil taking over management positions in high school. This course prepares these students who’ve an curiosity in management and managerial positions in group, social, governmental, professional, arts and business organizations.
Wealth Administration Area Of Emphasis
These communication and leadership competencies help graduates reach roles that involve working with colleagues, clients, or complete organizations. Business degree holders sometimes pursue management roles in their organization. Finance graduates are much more likely than business degree graduates to enter the monetary trade, usually in banking, private finance, funding banking, and associated fields. Common jobs that finance professionals could pursue embody personal financial advisors, financial analysts, and accountants. With UMB Bank, private Finance banking is made simple with a collection of providers from checking and savings accounts to credit companies, investing and wealth management. We allow you to manage your money, meet your monetary objectives and finance your next big purchase. Our personal checking accounts and financial savings accounts are designed together with your wants in thoughts, and we offer credit card and personal lending merchandise with aggressive rates.
What are the two main sources of business finance?
Debt and equity are the two major sources of financing. Government grants to finance certain aspects of a business may be an option.
The broad-based nature of the business administration diploma additionally gives it long-term advantages in shifting job markets. Particular strains of business, such as railroads, manufacturing, and computer systems, rise and fall with expertise.
International Finance Course
When it comes to how a lot danger a corporation is keen to endure, one-size doesn’t fit all, so you will need to base danger management on what is sensible on your utility. Look on the elements and process of the means to develop a threat appetite assertion and quantify your organization’s particular danger tolerance. Follow-up this session by attending “Retention-Level Analysis” within the afternoon breakout session to discover out what retention levels your organization can endure. For some utilities and cities, the shift to work at home uncovered inefficient and redundant operations throughout utility and city departments.
- Discuss how adjustments in capital market assumptions can affect a plan’s asset allocation positioning.
- In summary, we are a one-stop commercial financing supply for start-ups for the franchise industry.
It is calculated by dividing the operating revenue by whole revenue and expressing as a percentage. Interest Coverage Ratio is a monetary ratio that’s used to discover out the power of a company to pay the curiosity on its outstanding debt. Tips on retirement, paying for school, bank cards and the best method to invest. | <urn:uuid:89b3d9a2-ad39-4a33-8dcd-ddfb7870b9d7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://francocagnina.com/7-issues-you-should-implement-into-your-business-finances-now.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.933463 | 1,201 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Do cells rest?
Resting phase: More appropriately called interphase. The interval in the cell cycle between two cell divisions when the individual chromosomes cannot be distinguished, interphase was once thought to be the resting phase but it is far from a time of rest for the cell.
What happens to cells during the mitosis stage?
Mitosis is a process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells that occurs when a parent cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells. During cell division, mitosis refers specifically to the separation of the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus.
Are cells inactive during mitosis?
Events during Mitosis
Interphase: Cells may appear inactive during this stage, but they are quite the opposite. This is the longest period of the complete cell cycle during which DNA replicates, the centrioles divide, and proteins are actively produced.
Can cells repair themselves during mitosis?
One of the key differences in mitosis is a single cell divides into two cells that are replicas of each other and have the same number of chromosomes. This type of cell division is good for basic growth, repair, and maintenance.
What is a resting cell?
A cell that is not actively in the process of dividing. …
What happens in the 5 stages of mitosis?
These phases are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cytokinesis is the final physical cell division that follows telophase, and is therefore sometimes considered a sixth phase of mitosis.
What happens mitosis?
Mitosis is the process of nuclear division, which occurs just prior to cell division, or cytokinesis. During this multistep process, cell chromosomes condense and the spindle assembles. … Each set of chromosomes is then surrounded by a nuclear membrane, and the parent cell splits into two complete daughter cells.
What are the steps of mitosis?
Mitosis is divided into five phases:
- Interphase: The DNA in the cell is copied in preparation for cell division, this results in two identical full sets of chromosomes?. …
- Prophase: The chromosomes condense into X-shaped structures that can be easily seen under a microscope. …
- Metaphase: …
- Anaphase: …
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Cells divide and reproduce in two ways, mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, whereas meiosis results in four sex cells. Below we highlight the keys differences and similarities between the two types of cell division.
How is meiosis different than mitosis?
Mitosis produces two diploid (2n) somatic cells that are genetically identical to each other and the original parent cell, whereas meiosis produces four haploid (n) gametes that are genetically unique from each other and the original parent (germ) cell. | <urn:uuid:75e21644-df8e-4206-a422-2673bb75d0f9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dyslexiclibrary.com/genetic-diseases/do-cells-rest-during-mitosis.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.937011 | 613 | 3.859375 | 4 |
What should I watch for?
Tell your doctor if your symptoms do not get better or if they get worse. Visit your doctor or health care professional for regular checks on your progress. Because it may take several weeks to see the full effects of this medicine, it is important to continue your treatment as prescribed by your doctor.
This medicine can interact with certain foods that contain tyramine. The combination may cause severe headaches, a rise in blood pressure, or irregular heart beat. Foods that contain significant amounts of tyramine include aged cheeses, meats and fish (especially aged, smoked, pickled, or processed such as bologna, pepperoni, salami, summer sausage), beer and ale, alcohol-free beer, wine (especially red), sherry, hard liquor, liqueurs, avocados, bananas, figs, raisins, soy sauce, miso soup, yeast/protein extracts, bean curd, fava or broad bean pods, or any over-ripe fruit. Ask your doctor or health care professional, pharmacist, or nutritionist for a complete listing of tyramine-containing foods. Also, avoid drinks containing caffeine, such as tea, coffee, chocolate, or cola. After stopping this medicine, ask your health care professional how long you should continue avoiding these foods and drinks.
Patients and their families should watch out for new or worsening thoughts of suicide or depression. Also watch out for sudden changes in feelings such as feeling anxious, agitated, panicky, irritable, hostile, aggressive, impulsive, severely restless, overly excited and hyperactive, or not being able to sleep. If this happens, especially at the beginning of treatment or after a change in dose, call your health care professional.
You may get drowsy or dizzy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do anything that needs mental alertness until you know how this medicine affects you. Do not stand or sit up quickly, especially if you are an older patient. This reduces the risk of dizzy or fainting spells. Alcohol may interfere with the effect of this medicine. Avoid alcoholic drinks.
This medicine may cause dry eyes and blurred vision. If you wear contact lenses you may feel some discomfort. Lubricating drops may help. See your eye doctor if the problem does not go away or is severe.
Your mouth may get dry. Chewing sugarless gum or sucking hard candy, and drinking plenty of water may help. Contact your doctor if the problem does not go away or is severe.
Do not treat yourself for coughs, colds, or allergies without asking your doctor or health care professional for advice. Do not take any medications for weight loss without your doctor's approval. Some ingredients in these products may increase possible side effects.
This medicine may affect blood sugar levels. If you have diabetes, check with your doctor or health care professional before you change your diet or the dose of your diabetic medicine.
Tell your health care professional that you are taking this medicine if you are scheduled to have any surgery, procedure or medical testing. You should usually stop taking this drug at least 10 days before elective surgery.
Common and Rare Side Effects
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
Burning, crawling, itching, numbness, prickling, "pins and needles", or tingling feelings
dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up from lying or sitting position
fast, irregular, pounding, or racing heartbeat or pulse
fear or nervousness
increased need to urinate
passing urine more often
shakiness in the legs, arms, hands, or feet
sudden jerky movements of the body
trembling or shaking of the hands or feet
trouble sitting still
Incidence not known
burning while urinating
change in consciousness
decrease in frequency of urination
decrease in urine volume
decreased urine output
difficulty in passing urine (dribbling)
false or unusual sense of well-being
loss of bladder control
loss of consciousness
need to keep moving
numbness or tingling of the hands, feet, or face
rapid weight gain
seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there
shakiness and unsteady walk
swelling of the face, ankles, or hands
unsteadiness, trembling, or other problems with muscle control or coordination
unusual tiredness or weakness
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
Decreased interest in sexual intercourse
inability to have or keep an erection
loss in sexual ability, desire, drive, or performance
relaxed and calm
unable to sleep
unusual drowsiness, dullness, tiredness, weakness, or feeling of sluggishness
Incidence not known
change in vision
increased sensitivity of the skin to sunlight
raised, dark red, wart-like spots on the skin, especially when used on the face
redness or other discoloration of the skin
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. | <urn:uuid:8c65e227-0c85-4e29-8499-e14daf5c9fcf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.goodrx.com/isocarboxazid/side-effects | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00281-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.898125 | 1,209 | 1.71875 | 2 |
The GetLoFi Quad Oscillator Kit is based on the 4093 Logic IC configured to create four independent oscillators controlled by knobs. The resulting sound can vary from rhythmic beeping to polyphonic drones.
NOTE: Step 7 use included 100 ohm resistor instead of 1K.
Please order the Quad Oscillator Kit from the www.getlofi.com/shop
From the GetLoFi.com/shop you can also purchase an acrylic panel that is laser cut and fits perfectly inside of a Radio Shack Medium box enclosure.
If you have a some sheet metal or an Hammond type enclosure then you should be able to use this Drill template to make all of the potentiometer controls line up. Note that this design includes a hole for the Tone knob and DC jacks, which are not part of this kit, but can be added separately.
Vinyl cutouts are a great way to decorate and identify your device. Be gentle with sliding the knobs to the potentiometers, its possible to press them too close to the case and loose some of the smooth rotation action. Do not force or glue these knobs down. | <urn:uuid:df58d6f7-5a7b-4c6a-adf9-1a3e4cd3d3a7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://getlofi.com/shop/4093-quad-oscillator-kit/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00289-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.885891 | 238 | 1.570313 | 2 |
The interaction of retention, recruitment, and density-dependent mortality in the spatial placement of marine reserves. Gulf and Caribbean Research. 14:107–117.. 2003.
Consistent long-term spatial gradients in replenishment for an island population of a coral reef fish. Marine Ecology-Progress Series. 306. 2006.
Size-selective harvesting alters life histories of a temperate sex-changing fish. Ecological Applications. 17:2268–2280.. 2007.
Geographic variation in natal and early larval trace-elemental signatures in the statoliths of the market squid Doryteuthis (formerly Loligo) opalescens. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 379:109–121.. 2009.
Incorporating biogeography into evaluations of the Channel Islands marine reserve network. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107:18272–18277.. 2010.
Extensive geographic and ontogenetic variation characterizes the trophic ecology of a temperate reef fish on southern California (USA) rocky reefs. Marine ecology progress series. 429:227.. 2011.
Geographic variation in density, demography, and life history traits of a harvested, sex-changing, temperate reef fish. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 68:288–303.. 2011.
Reassessment of the Fecundity of California Sheephead. Marine and Coastal Fisheries. 4:599–604.. 2012.
Exploitation and recovery of a sea urchin predator has implications for the resilience of southern California kelp forests. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 282:20141817.. 2015. | <urn:uuid:4254be43-87d5-401e-b92c-172b99b6b2d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://labs.eemb.ucsb.edu/caselle/jennifer/publications?f%5Bauthor%5D=22&s=year&o=asc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.75593 | 362 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Multiple factors, when considered, can help you determine the right safe for your needs. Various security standards are applicable across the globe, which provide a benchmark that you can use to measure your options and select the most suitable one based on your requirements. Particular focus must be kept on the approximate value of the goods that will usually be stored.
Hotel safes are available in a variety of sizes. You can select the safe size based on the approximate value of goods that you think will be stored in them. Larger safes can be purchased where you think substantial amounts in cash or jewelry may be kept inside. It must be kept in mind that a larger safe does not mean that it will be stronger. The lock and the base material should also be suitable for the object value and the investment you are ready to put in while buying these safes.
Types of locks
According to the amount of money you can invest, your safe options may include individual locks. Determining the right type of lock is essential as they are the first line of defense against a picking attack. Low-cost safes may consist of a key lock, which usually comes with a couple of keys. They provide moderate security and prevent the hassle of remembering the code. Several safes may have wheel combination locks set on a specific combination that a dial must be rotated to reach.
Digital safes include a battery-powered lock that can either be opened by a pin entered through a keypad or biometrics using fingerprints. Digital safes are highly secure as manual picking attempts do not work on them. Unique debugging systems may have to be used, which takes a considerable amount of time to determine the right combination. Such debugging methods are high priced themselves.
Categories Simillar to Hotel Safes includes Diversion Safes, Safe Accessories and Wall Safes | <urn:uuid:fa6b60cf-d3ef-47a4-b8e6-40a4f0b1c97d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.instya.com/us/hotel-safes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.948487 | 380 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Mars Rover mission managers over at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. reported that the Spirit rover blanked out and became disoriented, according to the New York Times.
On Sunday, Spirit’s 1,800th day on the Mars surface, the rover acknowledged receiving instructions from Earth but then didn’t move. Later that day, it appeared to completely forget what it had done earlier that morning; usually, the rover records everything in non-volatile memory. “It’s almost as if the rover had a bout of amnesia,” said John Callas, the project manager for the rovers, in the article.
Another system in the rover recorded that power was being drained from the batteries for about 90 minutes, so something was going on, although before and after photos showed that the rover went absolutely nowhere, the report said. On Monday, an order to photograph the sun came out different than expected; the rover took the photo out of position. The article said that one hypothesis is a cosmic ray hit the electronics and scrambled the rover’s memory, but just that one time.
Now, everything is back to normal; the rover is responding to commands and appears to be operating just fine. (Artwork credit: NASA) | <urn:uuid:91603d54-6cf9-4f40-bd3b-6b4ea78f01a1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.geek.com/news/mars-rover-disoriented-after-glitch-1368987/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00390-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96805 | 264 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Oulu, a city in the north of Finland, will soon house the country’s biggest solar installation: 1,600 rooftop panels that will provide energy to a newspaper printing plant. Well, some of the time.
Oulu’s latitude means that winter days get as short as three and a half hours, when the panels’ output will drop dramatically. It’s a particularly extreme example of the big problem renewable energy sources like wind and solar face, namely that the sun isn’t always out and the wind doesn’t always blow. Countries that invest in these technologies also need backup generation, often from fossil-fuel sources.
But of course, Oulu’s short winter days have a flipside. In June—when jubilant Finns enjoy their midsummer celebrations—days stretch to over 20 hours, and generation from the panels will rise accordingly.
There are other reasons behind the decision. Oulu, one of Finland’s largest cities, and one of the northernmost large cities in the world, sees itself as an energy and technology research center. Per-capita research and development spending is the highest in the country, and fifth in Europe.
As north European countries like Germany, Denmark and the UK (paywall) make huge efforts to change their energy systems, they must squeeze every last watt out of the environment around them. Solar power—even in the darker, colder countries of northern Europe—is increasingly becoming part of the mix. | <urn:uuid:a5ae72d5-c0c1-4c18-9127-0f3b9f2230df> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://qz.com/373655/finland-is-building-a-huge-solar-farm-in-a-city-with-just-3-5-hours-of-winter-daylight/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.935974 | 307 | 3.015625 | 3 |
SEO run down
Providing Ideas For The Optimization Of Search Engine Searches
Now that one in nearly every household has their very own personal computer, success on marketing your own business is becoming a challenge that can be achieved by the enterprising person. The rules of the game of business have become very different in the last few years. The key element to the success of any business is the use of the SEO company. Search engines and their efficiency to spread the word about your business is the major element that is needed for the success of your business. There are companies who give great ROI and awesome rankings from your SEO investment, with no shady business included. With no contracts or commitments, this phoenix seo services team takes a look at your entire web marketing strategy. They can identify what you are doing right, what you are doing wrong, and where you can help you improve. They will make sure you are targeting the right customers and doing it better than your competition. These so-called engines have replaced the engines that powered the messages out to the public for many years in the past for instance, the engines that powered the newspapers. So it is that an entirely new means of communication has been invented that will spread the new, or more precise message that you wish to relay to the public.
The central idea behind this engine has to be tempered, however, by what can be termed as a religion all of its own. Etiquette and rules of the games of processing the information have to be formalized. Some of the basic rules of website etiquette are writing a terse, very easy to understand message that can be read easily by most any person avoidance of the use of capital letters, because they are interpreted as a form of shouting and that is not necessary to relay your message the use of punctuation should be used in a very basic way, not allowing the message to have high points by punctuation that can be exaggerated and become aware of what is commonly acceptable abbreviations such as BTW which is a shortened version of the words by-the-way and every reader will interpret the abbreviation the same way.
These standard abbreviations bring us to the use of the words which are called keywords, and keywords are both the heart and sole of writing your message or advertising your business on the world-wide web. Standard keywords are used in two ways. A keyword can be used to search for some information that you which to retrieve and read from the web, or a keyword can be used to identify and define the object, or to present words for advertising your product, or to encapsulate in a succinct summary the gist of what you wish to say about the concept that you wish to relay to the public.
Therein is the key to the essence of spreading what you wish to say to the public. Yes, the message is relayed with a single keyword or with tab words and categories that make up the keyword that you are desirous of telling to the public. The second very vital part of information that you must know is the craft of presenting these keywords on your website so that your keywords and the tabs and the categories, and the message that you wish to relay are beginning to foster more and more prominence on peoples searches for answers when they are looking for information, or for the same product that you are selling.
The creation of websites and better technical ways to relate ideas that can be relayed to the public is always needed. Newer ideas, however, have to be developed to continue the flow of information. For there should be presented on websites a button which allows you to choose the options of additional tabs and categories for your keywords. There should be developed on websites other optimization features, but the need for ethics is always there. | <urn:uuid:c40bc45a-2658-4ae3-9309-b0b45f6f495e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.seo-specialist-expert.com | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718957.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00435-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960145 | 756 | 1.648438 | 2 |
A new active volcano was discovered under the ice sheet in West Antarctica, as revealed by a study published in November in the journal Nature Geoscience .
Under the draft POLENET research, two lines of sismo were installed in 2010 in Marie Byrd Land to take pictures of the rocky underbody , using the disruption caused by distant earthquakes .
Two seismic swarms were recorded in January 2010 and March 2011 , near the Executive Committee Range , about fifty km. south of Sidley and Waesche mts . Located 25-40 km . beneath the surface , these earthquakes DPLs - Deep , long-period - are linked to outbreaks of magmatic fluids, or other, fracturing the rocks and opening new avenues to the surface.
An overview radar confirmed the presence of a rise in the topography of the subglacial bed at the same location as seismic swarms. Radar images also show a layer of ashes buried under the ice. These ashes could come from Mount Waesche , near Mt Sidley volcano , located at a depth of 1400 meters. This layer of ash is 8,000 years old ... which would make enter the Mt Waesche in the GVP list of active volcanoes .
Waesche mt. - photo Skimountaineers
Antarctica - the Mt.Sidley - Photo Doug Wiens
These observations demonstrate the presence of a magmatic activity and a volcanism that continued to migrate south along the Executive Committee Range, at the slow speed of 9.6 km . per million years .
This migration is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the Antarctic tectonic plate, which does not validate the feeding of volcanoes by a mantle plume or an hot spot. The regional magmatism is connected to a wide area of rifting, and the volcanic chain is located on the northern edge of the rift.
Location of Mary Byrd Land and Transantarctic mts. - doc . USGS
The West Antarctica rift system and the location of volcanoes - doc . Timothy S. Paulsen
It is illusory to believe that an eruption here can break away 1.2 to 2 km of overlying ice, but it could generate a large amount of meltwater ( in the manner of Icelandic jökulhlaups ) affecting the flow of the MacAyeal ice flux towards the sea.
- Nature Geoscience 17.11.2013 - Seismic detection of an active subglacial magmatic complex in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica - By Amanda C. Lough & al.
- Preliminary stratigraphy of volcanoes in the Executive Committee Range, central Marie Byrd Land – by J.L.Smellie & al.
- Evolution of Neogene volcanism and stress patterns in the glaciated West Antarctic Rift, Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica - By Timothy S. Paulsen & al. | <urn:uuid:7905a8e8-6502-4bee-9915-c3c2feecb56a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.earth-of-fire.com/page-8824411.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00164-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.913535 | 590 | 3 | 3 |
CompTIA: Which of Our Cloud Credentials Is Right for You?
Everything is happening in the cloud these days. (Well, unless you're talking about actual clouds in the sky above the Earth. At least with those clouds, at least in much of the western United States – where GoCertify is located – rain and other forms of precipitation are rather emphatically not happening. Yikes!) If you're a working IT professional looking to expand your existing portfolio of knowledge and skills and you DON'T have a strong fluency in cloud computing, well, there's only one direction to go, isn't there? Except that maybe there is more than one direction to go: Tech industry association CompTIA, in fact, offers not one, but two cloud computing certifications, either of which could be seen as providing a strong point of entry to the cloud computing realm as a whole. A new post to the official CompTIA blog at the end of last week lays out the choice between Cloud+ and Cloud Essentials for prospective certification candidates and offers some advice about where to start one's cloud computing certification journey. For example, if you're in the business realm and generally find yourself lacking in cloud knowledge, then Cloud Essentials might be the best direction to take. Anyone whose career is connected to IT is going to benefit cloud computing fluency, and arguably even NEED a degree of such fluency, so this is a great opportunity to get a sense of which direction to take in pursuit of that expanded knowledge.
Get Certified to Get Your Head in the Cloud
There are, of course, numerous certification options available to anyone who is looking to level up their cloud computing knowledge and skills. CompTIA certifications are great for mastering platform-agnostic cloud concepts, but the likelihood, at least for serious IT professionals, is that the bulk of your cloud computing labors will center around someone's proprietary flavor of cloud technology. Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft, and Google suck up a lot of the oxygen in the room when it comes to laying out whose cloud tech dominates the market. Longtime technology titan IBM should probably not be left out of that conversation entirely, however, and there's a nice sound bite (sound byte?) at the IBM Training and Skills Blog this week from certified cloud professional Emma Dinkins, who says that certification should play a central role in anyone's attempt to board the cloud skills and knowledge bandwagon. In Dinkins own words: "I strongly recommend anyone who wants to grow their skills in cloud: Get certification!" We couldn't have said it any better ourselves.
The Role of Trust in Your IT Career
It takes a lot of different key ingredients to strike the right blend needed to move your career forward, especially when you're relatively new to whatever field where you've chosen to make your bones. In addition to knowledge, hard work, interpersonal elan, and some of the other standard answers, however, you can go a long way toward consistently putting your best foot forward if employers feel that you and they have a solid level of reciprocal trust. To that end, there's some solid advice over at the ISACA Now blog of cybersecurity and IT governance professional association ISACA this week. Guest blogger Sneha Dasgupta discusses the importance of integrity and credibility in building, maintaining, and strengthening trust. Dasgupta is focused, in particular, on the "early-career" importance of trust. Her post is a good quick hit for young professionals working in IT circles.
That's all for this edition of Certification Watch. Please keep your certification news and tips coming to the GoCertify News Editor. | <urn:uuid:40df82ce-c09e-461b-a69b-ca457970ff7a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gocertify.com/it-certification-watch-newsletter/certification-watch-vol-24-issue-22 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.950911 | 740 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Let me start this blog post with a thank you to Brad Knollenberg and AccessRX America for doing an interview with me about my book, Medicare’s Victims: How the U.S. Government’s Largest Health Care Program Harms Patients and Impairs Physician. The interview focuses a lot on the Part D portion of Medicare and how it impacts community pharmacists. The issues surrounding community pharmacists were not my area of expertise, so thanks to Brad for providing me with a lot of information. Interview is here.
On other matters, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has proposed new regulations for Medicare’s treatment of amputees. Although the issues are complicated, in short the new regulations will likely make it harder for amputees to qualify for prosthetic limbs.
From the theory advanced in my book, this is fascinating—although from the perspective of amputees, it must be unnerving, to say the least. As I argue in Medicare’s Victims, the sickest are often likely to be victims of Medicare because they lack political power—that is, they lack the ability to influence Congress on Medicare policy. First, not that many people get seriously ill in a given year, seldom enough to amount to much at the ballot box. Second, they are seldom in any condition to be organizing, protesting, donating to Congressional campaigns, etc. that are the sorts of things that can persuade Congress to make changes in Medicare policy.
There are only about 2 million amputees in the U.S., and not all of them are on Medicare. That’s probably not enough to have much impact at the ballot box. On the other hand, most amputees don’t have a debilitating illness. They can engage in protesting, getting media attention and other activities that can influence Congress. And they are not alone in this fight, as prosthetic manufacturers aren’t crazy about the proposed rules either. | <urn:uuid:3a2dfeee-f5e6-4dd6-b448-749d98c0115d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.conservativeblog.org/amyridenour/2015/8/24/are-amputees-medicares-next-victims.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00157-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945843 | 406 | 1.65625 | 2 |
The day 11-year-old SANDRA LAING mixed detergents and bleach in a small bucket she was consumed by one thought: it would probably be easier if I were white.
She covered her face, arms and legs with the toxic mixture. The searing pain was almost unbearable but at least it was different to the pain she experienced as a coloured kid living among whites.
Sandra, now 54, has relived many other heartbreaking incidents since a film has been made about her life as a coloured child born to white parents and her struggle in the ’60s to find a place between white and coloured under the glare of the apartheid spotlight.
The movie, Skin, due for release in SA on 22 January, features South African Ella Ramangwane as a young Sandra and London-based actress Sophie Okonedo as an older Sandra.
“Everything in the movie is true,” Sandra says in her characteristic subdued way. “My dad, Abraham, was just as strict and obstinate as he is portrayed by Sam Neill. But he was very fond of me. And my mom, Sannie, was just as gentle as Alice Krige is in the movie.”
Skin has won several awards - 11 at international film festivals and one at the TriContinental Film Festival in SA. It also scooped the 2009 American Time for Peace Film and Music Award.
She wasn’t always conscious of the fact she was different. Her parents owned a shop in Piet Retief near the Swaziland border and she had several black playmates.
It was only when she went to a school in Piet Retief in the late ’60s and noticed people frowning that she realised she was the odd one out. “That’s when it dawned on me I was different.”
She was 10 when she was summoned to the principal’s office. The school insisted she was black and had to be classified as such. Abraham was furious and immediately started a process to have her officially declared white under the race-classification law of the time.
In the court battle to have Sandra declared white Abraham and Sannie underwent paternity tests to prove they were her parents. Experts gave evidence stating Sandra was a genetic throwback from previous generations.
After they won their case the law was changed to state that race must be based on paternity, not on appearance. But still Sandra didn’t feel white.
“I had more in common with black people. I didn’t fit in anywhere.”
Sandra harbours no anger towards her parents. “I understand why they said I had to choose. They did the best they could. “I’m not bitter.” | <urn:uuid:5a251e17-95bf-4dc3-901b-7abd040ccb82> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.news24.com/you/Archive/movie-on-apartheid-victim-sandra-laing-20170728 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.991907 | 573 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Learning a new language isn’t easy, but it’s especially tough if it’s the primary language spoken in the country you just moved to.
This is the challenge that faces students in the English as a Second Language (ESL) class at Dallas International School. Coming from French-speaking countries, these young Tigres spanning Kindergarten through fourth grade often know very little English. They’re able to communicate perfectly in French with their classmates, so they spend a good deal of their day following a normal schedule, but they also take time for ESL with their teacher, Andrea Ewert.
Ms. Ewert has taught ESL for 12 years, and before that she was an art teacher. While there is a specific academic curriculum that her ESL students follow, she has also merged her two teaching expertise into a new arts and culture project that has helped her students open up and learn in ways they never had before. The class just recently finished its third of five separate art projects that aim to “explore, celebrate and express” each student’s heritage, background and differences.
“First, they designed and drew a flag that shows the flags of the places they have lived,” Ms. Ewert said. “And then they did a watercolor of the landscape of their home country and one of Texas. We talked about the how the two places are different. They’re celebrating what they like about two places.”
Ms. Ewert said this idea is key to the entire ESL experience. Students are taught that neither country is better than the other, but rather, they’re different from each other. Students may like or dislike specific aspects of each place, but it’s the difference that’s worth examining and celebrating.
“As they’re working, they’re able to celebrate who they are and where they’re from,” Ms. Ewert said. “When they’re printing France and talking about it they’re celebrating even when they’re far away. It sort of pulls out feelings they have for the places as they’re working.”
The students also made a collage that represents both countries and will soon work on a clay pattern that does the same. The final project will be a memory quilt made up of cherished memories from their mother country.
These art projects aren’t solely for cultural enrichment, however. Through artwork, ESL students learn aspects of the English language that would be difficult to acquire through a textbook.
“What I’ve seen is they’re using a different kind of language to learn,” Ms. Ewert said. “There’s a social language there, not just an academic language. It really helps with their vocabulary.”
As the students progress in their English skills through the art projects and other aspects of the class, Ms. Ewert has observed the positive change it makes in their school experience.
“A big part of learning a new language is their attitude toward their experience,” she said. “Their self-esteem is also involved. They can’t do it well for a while and it’s hard. They know they don’t know as much English as other DIS students do. So doing a piece of artwork in here that is perfect helps them combat feelings of ‘I’m not good enough’ or ‘I don’t know as much as other people.’”
Ms. Ewert works hard to make her students feel special, not only through unique art projects, but in other ways, such as enlisting the help of more experienced students in teaching new students in the class, or taking everyone on a field trip to the Veterans Day parade to learn more about the American armed forces. It’s all part of helping the students feel welcome in their new home, while letting them love and remember their first home.
“Through art, I think it’s beautiful for kids to express themselves and find a voice,” she said. “In art, there is no right or wrong. It is just what they’ve experienced. I want to make their experience positive and I want them to feel good about the process and feel amazing to be bilingual and have two places to adapt to.”
The ESL art projects will be on display for community members to see near the end of the school year. Keep an eye out in the Globe to find out when and where the exhibition will take place! | <urn:uuid:4348e8b4-7deb-40fb-ad27-f86b55ed0f0f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://prestonhollow.bubblelife.com/community/dallas_international_school_1/library/35839370/key/356649384/ESL_Students_Learn_Through_Art | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.97232 | 964 | 3.15625 | 3 |
A new study published by the Institute for the Study of Labor, a German think tank, finds that medical marijuana laws in the United States are associated with a 9 percent decline in traffic fatalities. That result is based on data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System for 13 states that legalized medical use of cannabis between 1990 and 2009. The study's authors, Montana State University economist D. Mark Anderson and University of Colorado at Denver economist Daniel Rees, argue that the most plausible explanation is the substitution of marijuana for alcohol, since laboratory research suggests that smoking pot impairs driving ability substantially less than drinking does (citations omitted):
Laboratory studies have shown that cannabis use impairs driving-related functions such as distance perception, reaction time, and hand-eye coordination. However, neither simulator nor driving-course studies provide consistent evidence that these impairments to driving-related functions lead to an increased risk of collision. Drivers under the influence of marijuana reduce their velocity, avoid risky maneuvers, and increase their "following distances," suggesting compensatory behavior. In addition, there appears to be an important learning-by-doing component to driving under the influence of marijuana: experienced users show substantially less functional impairment than infrequent users.
Like marijuana, alcohol impairs driving-related functions such as reaction time and hand-eye coordination. Moreover, there is unequivocal evidence from simulator and driving-course studies that alcohol consumption leads to an increased risk of collision. Even at low doses, drivers under the influence of alcohol tend to underestimate the degree to which they are impaired, drive at faster speeds, and take more risks.
In support of their hypothesis that these differences explain why states with medical marijuana laws have seen especially big drops in fatal car crashes, Anderson and Rees cite data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health for three states that enacted such laws during the last decade: Montana, Vermont, and Rhode Island. Marijuana use by adults rose more in those states after they adopted their laws than it did in neighboring states, a difference that was statistically significant in Montana and Rhode Island. (At the same time, the survey data do not indicate that medical marijuana laws boosted consumption among minors—a charge commonly made by drug warriors.) Anderson and Rees also note that the drop in fatal car accidents associated with medical marijuana laws was statistically significant for crashes involving alcohol but not for other crashes, and they present some evidence that alcohol consumption has declined in medical marijuana states.
Assuming that people are substituting marijuana for alcohol, Anderson and Rees note, the impact on traffic fatalities might be due to shifting locations of consumption rather than the difference between the two drugs' effects on driving ability:
Alcohol is often consumed in restaurants and bars, while many states prohibit the use of medical marijuana in public. Even where it is not explicitly prohibited, anecdotal evidence suggests that the public use of medical marijuana can be controversial. If marijuana consumption typically takes place at home, then designating a driver for the trip back from a restaurant or bar becomes unnecessary, and legalization could reduce traffic fatalities even if driving under the influence of marijuana is every bit as dangerous as driving under the influence of alcohol.
Either way, this benign effect of medical marijuana laws hinges on a tradeoff between a recreational drug and a purportedly medicinal one:
Because it is prohibitively expensive for the government to ensure that all marijuana ostensibly grown for the medicinal market ends up in the hands of registered patients (especially in states that permit home cultivation), diversion to the illegal market likely occurs. Moreover, the majority of MMLs allow patients to register based on medical conditions that cannot be objectively confirmed (e.g. chronic pain and nausea).
So while the study undermines one complaint about medical marijuana laws—that they encourage minors to smoke pot—it reinforces another: that they allow people to get high under the cover of treating unverifiable illnesses. Then again, those who believe adults should not need an officially recognized excuse to consume marijuana might view that aspect of the laws as a feature rather than a bug.
[Thanks to Eric Sterling for the tip.] | <urn:uuid:2bfeda75-a88f-4f7c-82ed-ae17f600cfa1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://reason.com/2011/11/29/do-medical-marijuana-laws-prevent-traffi/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.950835 | 821 | 2.3125 | 2 |
The main thing is making sure you have installs for all your applications in 64-bit. Most installers are only for 32-bit and will not work on a 64-bit machine. Just making sure you can install all the programs you need is the first step. The second would be checking the vendors website or contacting their support to make sure all these applications function normally in a 64-bit environment. Also you are going to need to make sure you have drivers for all the hardware attached in 64-bit as well. Along with all these checks you also should check if everything works on server 08 as well from 03 to make sure their is no compatibility issues there either. But seems like the main thing is checking SQL 2005 Compatibility with 64-bit OS and Server 2008 they may need to send you a 64-bit installer but otherwise it should work the same. | <urn:uuid:9df9c472-818e-4985-8c85-1bafa57a5fe7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/itanswers/migrating-from-windows-server-2003-32-bit-to-windows-server-2008-64-bit/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00567-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965095 | 173 | 1.53125 | 2 |
There’s much more to being a mechanic than working on cars or motorcycles. In fact, heavy vehicles with diesel engines require mechanics who specialize in them. That’s because diesel engine technology is quite different from gasoline engine technology. This means that businesses that rely on heavy vehicles need mechanics who specialize in diesel engine technology.
In other words, becoming a heavy vehicle mechanic could potentially open a wide variety of career opportunities for you. Here are some things you should know about becoming a heavy vehicle mechanic.
What is heavy vehicle/diesel technology?
Heavy vehicle and diesel technology is the science behind vehicles that use diesel fuel instead of gasoline. Diesel engines require a different combustion process than gasoline engines, and require diesel fuel. While some commercial automobiles feature diesel engines, they are most commonly used in large commercial and industrial vehicles, such as buses, trucks, and construction vehicles. Diesel is also widely used in military vehicles.
What skills do I need to succeed as a heavy vehicle mechanic?
The same skills that serve any mechanic will continue to serve you well as a heavy vehicle mechanic; attention to detail, problem solving, and patience could help you out no matter what sort of vehicle you are working on.
Being a heavy vehicle mechanic can also bring with it the added responsibility of repairing and maintaining vehicles that are used to transport a lot of people, or that will be used for work in potentially hazardous environments, where workers will be counting on their vehicles working as expected. Being able to handle that sort of responsibility is crucial to being a heavy vehicle mechanic.
What sort of education do I need to become a heavy vehicle mechanic?
A high school diploma is generally the highest level of education needed to become a mechanic; the bigger question is how deeply you understand how to repair and maintain heavy vehicles. If you’re interested in pursuing a career as a heavy vehicle mechanic, it could help to pursue some sort of formal education.
How can a formal degree help me become a heavy vehicle mechanic?
Heavy vehicle and diesel technology is uniquely complex and specific, and mechanics working on heavy vehicles often have very little room for error. Knowing as much as you can before you begin your job search can only benefit you.
A good formal program should give you a lot of hands-on training in heavy vehicle and diesel technology, while also preparing you for other aspects of the job you might not have considered, such as accounting, psychology, and health and safety. A formal education can fill in gaps in your knowledge that you might not realize you have, and have you ready to work as soon as you graduate.
There is a constant need and demand for heavy vehicle and diesel technicians and mechanics. That’s why the Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that the number of heavy vehicle mechanic jobs is only going to keep increasing, by as much as 9 percent through 2026. If you are interested in becoming a heavy vehicle mechanic, now is a good a time as ever to pursue this exciting and much needed profession.
Are you ready to begin your heavy vehicle journey?
If you’re thinking about getting a formal education in heavy vehicle and diesel technology, an Associate of Occupational Science Degree in Heavy Vehicle Technology with Service Management from ATI might be the right choice for you. At ATI you should get an education that will prepare you for every aspect of a career as a heavy vehicle mechanic, giving you the confidence and education you will need. If you are interested in learning more about Advanced Technology Institute’s Heavy Vehicle Technology degree program, be sure to contact us today! | <urn:uuid:bb9f5934-95fc-42bc-bb31-2222f8fe4790> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.auto.edu/blog/heavy-vehicle-mechanic-a-new-career-path-for-me/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.969112 | 721 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Christmas tends to bring a sense of nostalgia to many people, so it's not surprising that longing for the past leads many to search for vintage Christmas tree lights. You can add a sense of tradition to your celebration by decorating with old-fashioned bulbs. With just a few precautions, vintage Christmas lights can keep childhood memories alive.
Other People Are Reading
Originally, candles were used for Christmas tree lights. People melted a bit of wax onto a tree branch, then stuck the candle into the melted wax to hold it to the tree. In 1882, Thomas Edison's partner Edward Johnson made the first strand of electric tree lights. These light kits were expensive and required the user to know something about electrical wiring to be able to assemble and string them.
In 1917, Albert Sadacca began manufacturing strings of coloured lights for sale to the general public. Eventually he founded the National Outfit Manufacturer's Association (NOMA), which was the leading producer of Christmas lights through the 1960s.
The NOMA company made most vintage Christmas tree lights. They made many novelty lights in unusual shapes. Bubble lights became popular; they looked something like a glass candle filled with liquid. As the bulb heated, the liquid began to bubble within it. By the 1950s, most novelty lights gave way to the teardrop-shaped Christmas lights. Vintage teardrop lights are larger than modern teardrop lights.
Most people who collect vintage Christmas lights do it because they enjoy the nostalgia and connection to a simpler time. If you're interested in becoming a collector, you may want to join a group such as The Golden Glow of Christmas Past. This group of collectors holds an annual convention and provides information about antique Christmas decorations through a bimonthly newsletter.
Collectors especially prize Christmas lights from the 1960s or earlier. Most collectors want at least one set of bubble lights in their collection. They also prize milk glass lights from the 1920s.
Recreations of vintage lights are available for people who like the look of vintage Christmas lights but either aren't concerned about authenticity or do have safety concerns over the older lights. These recreations are typically less expensive than their antique counterparts and are often easier to find.
Vintage Christmas tree lights can add a warm and nostalgic feel to the holiday, but should be closely monitored as the older electrical wiring may have broken down over time. Even if the vintage tree lights are in perfect condition, fire safety codes were not as strict in the past as they eventually became. Never leave tree lights burning unattended.
- 20 of the funniest online reviews ever
- 14 Biggest lies people tell in online dating sites
- Hilarious things Google thinks you're trying to search for | <urn:uuid:c04891a5-36be-488d-97cc-8017f5a8cc66> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ehow.co.uk/about_6674752_vintage-christmas-tree-lights.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00437-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958892 | 551 | 2.109375 | 2 |
High school student and resident of The Dalles Dorian Lovett says his earliest visits to the zoo helped sow the seeds for both his love of animals and his future involvement in its ZooTeen program.
“I grew up on Steve Irwin and knew I wanted to pursue a field that focused on animals since I was two years old,” he said.
The Oregon Zoo has been a place of wonder and a prime destination for hundreds of families over its 124-year run.
Spanning 64 acres of the metropolitan Portland area, the nonprofit organization contributes $4 to $5 million each year to help fund conservation, education and animal welfare efforts.
At 13, Lovett said, after speaking to one of the zoo’s employees, he became interested in large animal nutrition as a potential career path.
“I really like to cook, so when I was introduced to the concept by one of the zoo’s nutritionists, I was really interested,” he said. “Pete, one of the rhinos, for example, has an iron deficiency, so they really have to watch how much they put into his food. By paying attention to each animal’s needs, we increase its quality of life and overall longevity. Exercise, a healthy diet, entertainment—all of it helps their mentality, keeping them active and lively as well as taking care of their more long-term needs.”
A freshman at Sonrise Academy, Lovett said he was among the youngest to apply for the ZooTeen volunteer program in 2013.
“They don’t take a lot of freshmen,” he said proudly. “I was one of about six brand new high schoolers out of the 500 or so that applied for the 100 open volunteer positions, of which only about 300 are admitted into the program.”
Prospective ZooTeens are put through group orientations and interviews before entering training, Lovett said, which involves lessons in animal handling and proper zoo attire.
As a ZooTeen during the summer of 2013, Lovett said he was expected to attend lectures and classes, where he learned about things like environmental conservation processes in addition to taking part in numerous trainings.
“Our role is a very public one,” he said. “It’s our job to talk to people and educate them about the animals, so we’re taught and tested to make sure we really have everything down before we go out there and start informing people.”
One of the educational tools ZooTeens use is what Lovett called “Bio Facts.”
“They’re basically anything taken from an animal that’s not actually alive, which we then use to explain the different things it can tell you about the animal. Take my personal favorite, the lion pelt: The bigger the pelt, the more dominant that lion’s likely to be, the darker the mane, the more macho and aggressive. The whole point is to show you how cool and interesting something is, and then use that as a way to transition into the more environmental stuff, where we start talking about conservation and try to raise awareness about an animal’s situation.”
While half of the job is focused on such public interactions, the other half, Lovett said, is about cleaning and maintaining animal living spaces and learning how to make tools for their enrichment.
“We made these enrichment toys out of sheep’s wool, which we put in water and then rolled into balls for the animals to play with. Our mongoose really likes them, but we also make much bigger ones for the primates to chew on.”
ZooTeens are also in charge of the farm area, where goats and other small animals are kept.
“You get to learn a lot of new and interesting things on the job,” Lovett said. “For example, you might think the most expensive animals to take care of would be some of the biggest ones, right? Wrong! Otters are actually much more expensive to feed than hippos, lions or polar bears. Why? Because they need fresh seafood— and they only get the best of the best, of course.” He laughed.
ZooTeens also have the opportunity to see sides of the zoo regular members of the public never get a chance to see.
“One of the coolest things I ever got to do was feed Poppy and Bubbles, the hippos,” Lovett said. “They just came over and opened their huge mouths like this,” he said, using his arms to illustrate just how huge their jaws were. “Hippos don’t have the ability to swallow, and since they have these flaps that cover their throats while they’re underwater, they have to look up at you and tilt their heads back to eat. It was an incredibly cool thing to see.”
While Lovett said he likes all the animals, if he had to pick a favorite, he said it would probably be the six year-old Amara, a 4-foot albino Ball Python.
“Most people just don’t realize that snakes really have their own personalities,” he said. “And Amara is just so different compared to the other snakes I’ve handled before. She doesn’t recoil back from visitors, but is very outgoing and friendly.”
When it comes to the future, Lovett said he hopes to pursue his dream of one day working at the Oregon Zoo himself.
“I’m looking at a couple schools with great wildlife programs right now, and I’m really looking forward to doing more with the ZooTeen program too.”
Select second-year ZooTeens have the opportunity to job shadow zookeepers and learn what it really takes to do the job, and Lovett said that may provide yet another avenue for him to explore his interest in the field.
The next zoo event he looks forward to volunteering at is the annual Easter-time Rabbit Stomp, which involves a zoo-wide egg hunt and “pet-able bunnies.”
The main ZooTeen program kicks off in June and ends just before Labor Day weekend. While applications for this summer’s program are closed, Lovett highly encourages anyone interested to apply for next year’s program.
For more information about ZooTeens or how to get involved, visit the Oregon Zoo’s website at http://www.oregonzoo.org/get-involved/volunteer-zoo/zooteens. | <urn:uuid:4aa1a1ab-9d5a-466b-8c73-d8936c8cec90> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thedalleschronicle.com/news/2014/mar/20/zooteen/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00270-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97533 | 1,393 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Primer – Artificial Intelligence (Part 1)
/ Chris Collins / 11.19.2018 /
This is the first post in the Primer Series where I will cover emerging technologies over the next couple months and attempt to explain them in the simplest way possible.
At its most basic level, artificial intelligence is the ability for machines to make decisions using inputs, similar to how human beings do. Pop culture has depicted AI in many robot-themed feature films such as WALL-E, Transformers, and Chappie. However, the truth is that AI can take on many forms and is already pervasive in our everyday lives. The future of the field and timeline for predicted developments are very much up for debate, but one can categorize the field into three buckets:
1. Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) – “Weak AI”
AI that is skilled at one particular task
Examples: email spam filters, “recommended for you” type e-commerce shopping suggestions, Google Translate, internet search algorithms, virtual assistants (Siri), self-driving cars (involves multiple ANI systems)
ANI systems have been in place in various capacities for years now. It’s likely many of us use devices and services powered by ANI on a daily basis. These systems operate within a pre-defined range and leverage a specific data set to do so. These applications easily beat humans in terms of speed but have difficulty processing abstract concepts.
2. Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) – “Strong AI”
AI that is considered “human-level”, sentient, and can perform a variety of tasks
Examples: Westworld, Terminator
As shown by the fictional examples, AGI is not yet ready for prime time. We will need a significant increase in affordable high computing power and a reliable method to improve AI to this level, which is still up for debate. There are scientists who are attempting to reverse-engineer the brain to draw inspiration from what makes it work efficiently (i.e., neural networks). Another method involves mimicking the evolutionary development of humans through “genetic algorithms” in which successful algorithms are bred together to form a new computer over and over again. The last potential method is creating a computer that researches AI and codes improvements into its own architecture. While these methods are being experimented with in parallel, the exponential nature of AI improvements means we’ll see widespread human-level intelligence sooner than most expect.
3. Artificial Superintelligence (ASI)
AI that is smarter than humans in every domain
This is a topic that elicits a wide variety of reactions and speculation. Scenarios include AI forms that exist solely to augment human capability to doomsday scenarios where AI takes over the world. There isn’t enough information today to make an educated guess as to how this stage will play out.
An Accelerating Future
As the world progresses into an era of machines that are capable of human-level intelligence, things start getting very interesting. The jump from narrow to general AI could happen within the next 10-15 years, but the jump from general to superintelligence will be much quicker.
AI vs Machine Learning vs Deep Learning
Now that we’ve established an understanding of the state of AI and where it is likely to go, let’s dig into AI as it exists today (Weak AI). As the graphic below shows, AI is an umbrella term that includes Machine Learning (a way of achieving AI) and Deep Learning (a more efficient implementation of ML).
Within Artificial Intelligence, one of the first techniques to take off has been Machine Learning, which is a technique that trains algorithms with data sets such that its predictive ability improves / “learns” over time. In this model, the key is to give the algorithm as much data as possible in order for it to become as useful as it can be.
Case Study: Branch
A popular implementation of ML has been to develop alternative credit scores for consumers. Branch uses alternative data, such as GPS data, social media activity, and cell phone usage, to offer financial products to individuals with little to no credit history as well as those that are underserved by traditional banks.
As a subset of ML, Deep Learning takes AI a step further by mimicking the information processing patterns of the human brain. Just as our brains recognize patterns and develop neural links to operate more efficiently, Deep Learning algorithms achieve increased accuracy with less human input by leveraging multiple layers of “neurons” that each pick a specific feature to learn so that the algorithm is learning on multiple layers instead of just one.
Case Study: Netradyne
The company sells products that monitor and alert drivers and
commercial fleet managers to maximize safety. Its flagship product, Driveri, provides fleet management through insights into driving behavior and sends alerts if the system detects certain driver gestures that could indicate danger, such as drowsiness.
The Rise of AI Continues
AI will increasingly play a role in many industries. While the initial phase of hype is mostly behind us, I would not be surprised if we start to see a significant increase in companies leveraging the technology in new and different ways in the short-term. Stay tuned for Part 2, where I’ll dive into the various cognitive modes where AI is being applied today. | <urn:uuid:bca11445-ff1f-4446-ba2f-8388c440a33d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://onwardlabs.co/blog/primer-artificial-intelligence-part-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.947727 | 1,107 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Pace Publishing students love language! If we didn’t we’d be in the wrong graduate program. Have you ever found yourself wondering when certain words became popular? When did “cool” replace “groovy” or “neat” in the popular lexicon? How have spellings of words evolved over time? A really awesome tool for evaluating answers to these questions is Google Ngram. It is a search engine that tracks the popularity of words in published books. Just enter in a word or phrase and Google shows you how many times that word appeared in a book per year, dating back to 1800. Enter in a few words separated by commas to compare popularity of words.
What did you search for? | <urn:uuid:be757914-948b-47a1-9d06-d6a3d8314336> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mspub.blogs.pace.edu/2013/04/04/link-of-the-week-google-ngram/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00400-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946558 | 153 | 2.78125 | 3 |
It is estimated that there are over 3,000 former Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) sites across the United States. Another 4,000 dot the landscape of Canada, the UK, continental Europe and Japan. These sites were built long ago on rivers or harbors, often on the outskirts of towns and cities; locations that are now frequently in close proximity to infrastructure, buildings and residential areas. Many underlie or abut valuable commercial, residential, and municipal properties, posing environmental hazards to ground and surface waters. The urgency of remediation has increased due to a potent blend of community activism, regulatory pressure, high real estate values, and the need to reduce liability in light of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other measures.
By TerraTherm, Inc. based in Gardner, MASSACHUSETTS (USA).
Need help finding the right suppliers? Try XPRT Sourcing. Let the XPRTs do the work for you | <urn:uuid:0bd0b359-d262-436d-a583-c4291fbc9ecd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.environmental-expert.com/applications/keyword-hazardous-area-communication-81677 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00426-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948 | 195 | 1.921875 | 2 |
24. A satellite earth station has which of the following ?
(a) Only receiving equipment
(b) Only transmitting equipment
(c) Both receiving as well as receiving equipment
(d) None of the above
Answer : (c)
Explanation : No answer description available for this question. Let us discuss.
Be a Part of The New & Next
Share the Knowledge | <urn:uuid:e2b2d887-dc9b-4cd4-955a-921d024880ef> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mcqseries.com/satellite-subsystems-24/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00421-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921442 | 81 | 1.820313 | 2 |
A linden alternatively refers to the basswood in the United States and to the lime tree in Britain. The linden belongs to the Tilia species, and it grows 50 to 100 feet high. It makes an ideal shade tree with an attractive form and dark green foliage. The linden figures prominently in folklore and history. Myths suggest green dryads, or tree spirits were wedded to lindens. The Romans believed the linden was an image of love and fidelity, according to the Teachers College at Columbia University's "City Naturalist" series.
The linden served as a sacred tree from pre-Christian to modern times. The linden symbolized Freya, mistress of the earth, and Frigga, the mother goddess, to early Germanic and Norse tribes. Christian Bulgarian people built shrines near lindens. The French planted lindens to signify the religious freedom Henry IV gave to French Protestants with the Edict of Nantes in 1578. In 18th and 19th century Europe, a village linden often marked a central meeting place for celebrations and the local court of law, according to Fred Hageneder's "The Meaning of Trees: Botany, History, Healing, Lore."
The linden's environmental and practical benefits go far beyond its significance as a landscape planting. The tree makes a natural habitat for cavity dwelling birds. The flower heads provide a source of nectar for hummingbirds and bees; the resulting basswood honey is a valuable byproduct. Historically, the flowers were thought to relieve anxiety-related ailments, and so were steeped in water to make nerve-soothing teas. Today, linden serves as an ingredient in cold and cough remedies. The wood yields light, soft lumber that is suitable for arts and crafts and utensils.
The linden develops many shapes and habits, but all varieties possess similar bark, leaf and fruit characteristics. The trunk looks like a pillar with stout and smooth twigs that bear abundant foliage in summer. The linden leaf is heart-shaped and alternate, which means each one grows in a spiral along the shoot. The pea-sized fruit attaches to a yellowish bract, a modified leaf that protects the flower head. The American linden features a petal-like scale among its stamens that European varieties lack.
The American linden makes an ideal landscape planting due to its ability to adapt to a wide range of soils and pH levels, rapid growth and open crown. Until recently, the American variety was one of the most widely planted street trees, according to the Arbor Day Organization. The littleleaf linden develops fragrant, bright, yellow flowers and the small, dark green leaves turn dark yellow in autumn. The formal greenspire variety features a straight trunk, a dense pyramidal shape and a broad crown, while the Redmond provides winter interest when the current year's foliage turns a reddish color in cold weather.
Lindens attract pests and exhibit sensitivity to chemicals. Aphids and cottony maple scale infest the tree. The tiny bugs do not cause damage, but they create a sticky substance called honeydew that attracts ants and wasps. The honeydew facilitates the growth of a dark grey sooty fungus that makes the tree look unsightly. Mites and excessive or inadequate water create distorted foliage. The linden is sensitive to herbicides and other chemical controls. The Colorado State University Extension says gardeners should avoid herbicide applications near the tree root zone, which is a radius of 2 1/2 times the height of the tree. | <urn:uuid:fa2086dd-7763-4219-b95b-68f4d2832542> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gardenguides.com/102551-linden-tree.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00225-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935916 | 744 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Fosca Poltronieri is one of our latest innovative candidates for the From Problem to Profit competition.
Her project, that is still in the development phase, Green Anchor Ports is a mobile application accessible on any android or iPhone that allows you to completely manage your port’s environmental impact. The aim is to motivate maritime ports to find opportunity in the recycling and re-use of waste from ships. Ports contribute to an increase in green house gas production and wasted resources. One of the issues is that green best practices are not known of or taken into consideration.
Foscas’ solution is a mobile application that allows anyone world wide to improve their ports’ waste management strategy. First it helps you calculate the carbon footprint. Secondly it lets you compare your port services with others available in your area and worldwide. Thirdly you can monitor and compare your progress with other ports. The app helps you follow your improvement, and by making consistent choices you will eventually be saving and earning money, turning problem into profit.
A healthy shipping industry relies on healthy ports. With sustainability and smart solutions shipping should remain buoyant far into the future. GAP can help ports develop a more sustainable environment for all! | <urn:uuid:96950cdb-9083-454c-a668-1b3fa794ffac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nor-shipping.com/green-anchor-ports/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.941294 | 246 | 1.71875 | 2 |
ADDIS ABABA — Ethiopia’s supreme court jailed 14 people for terms ranging from nine years to life for plotting bomb attacks, including on the African Union’s headquarters, court papers showed Thursday.
In the verdict handed down on Wednesday, judges said the 14 had the backing of Eritrea for the plan to bomb key targets in Addis Ababa last year, including Ethiopian government buildings as well as the AU’s base in the capital.
The court said the 14 plotters had been trained in the use of explosives in Eritrea.
Ethiopia regularly accuses Eritrea, which gained independence from Ethiopia in 1991 after a 30-year war, of seeking to destabilise it by backing rebel groups such as the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) and Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF) as well as the Somali Al Qaeda-affiliated Shebab.
In April Prime Minister Meles Zenawi told lawmakers Ethiopia was ready to help the people of Eritrea topple the regime of Issaias Afeworki.
The border war that pitted Eritrea against Ethiopia from 1998 to 2000 left some 80,000 dead. Despite a peace agreement signed in 2000 in Algiers, tension continues to run high between the two Horn of Africa neighbours. | <urn:uuid:8f99ee90-70b3-4356-acea-7fd917f077aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ethiopiaforums.com/ethiopia-jails-14-for-african-union-hq-bomb-plot/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.962079 | 265 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Ballast stone deposits are a common feature of sediments in ancient harbour basins but are often overlooked as a potential source of archaeological information. Recent geophysical investigations at Caesarea Maritima in Israel have discovered a thick, laterally extensive ballast layer in the area seaward of the 1st c. BC Roman harbour. The ballast deposits were identified by low-relief mounds on the seabed with elevated magnetic intensities. Jet probing and excavation of magnetic anomalies at several locations revealed a 20-60 cm thick rubble layer containing large quantities of Late Roman and Byzantine pottery, local sedimentary boulders (kurkar sandstone, limestone cobbles) and foreign igneous and metamorphic boulders (granite, schist, volcanics; ca. 50%). The foreign boulders and pottery identify the rubble layer as ballast and ships refuse jettisoned by merchant ships outside the harbour. The strong magnetic contrast between the ballast deposits and the natural seabed sediments is attributed to the high magnetic susceptibility (>10-3 SI) of crystalline boulders and pottery materials within the ballast rubble. AMS 14C and OSL dates and pottery evidence indicate the ballast accumulation began in the Late Roman period (ca. 200-330 AD) and continued well into the Late Byzantine (ca. 7th c. AD). The main phase of ballast deposition (ca. 4th-5th c. AD) coincided with a decline in the state of Caesarea's harbour following a destructive tsunami event in the early 2nd c. AD and records a shift to a more intensive use of the area seaward of the harbour as an anchorage and ballast lightening area.
Bibliographical noteFunding Information:
This work was supported through Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) research grants to JIB and EGR and an anonymous donor. The authors thank students S. Collins, P. van Hengstum, A. Kingston for field and laboratory assistance and the staff of the Recanati Institute (S. Breitstein, A. Yurman) and Marine Magnetics Ltd. (D. Hrvoic, M. Marlowe) for technical support with marine survey operations. Processing of geophysical data was made possible through academic software grants from Geosoft Canada Ltd.
- Caesarea Maritima
- Magnetic survey
ASJC Scopus subject areas | <urn:uuid:0a2c71c0-4d20-424d-8581-aafc5be3629e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cris.haifa.ac.il/en/publications/magnetic-detection-of-ship-ballast-deposits-and-anchorage-sites-i | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.893448 | 531 | 3.25 | 3 |
Britain's Home Secretary Steps Down Amid Row Over Deportation Targets
Britain's Home Secretary Amber Rudd has resigned after acknowledging that she misled lawmakers about targets for deporting immigrants.
Rudd stepped down following the publication of a letter she sent to Prime Minister Theresa May discussing the "ambitious but deliverable" goal to deport 10 percent more illegal immigrants in the coming years.
The letter, published by The Guardian newspaper, contradicts Rudd's earlier claims that her department had no such targets. It comes amid an ongoing controversy sparked by the newspaper's earlier reporting that some people who migrated to the U.K. from Britain's Caribbean colonies immediately after World War II had been denied medical care or threatened with deportation.
The post-World War II migrants, who came to Britain to take jobs as nurses, railway workers and others, are collectively known as the "Windrush generation," after the ship that brought many of them to the U.K. in 1948.
As The Associated Press notes, they "had an automatic right to settle in the U.K. But some have been ensnared by tough new rules introduced since 2012 that were intended to make Britain a 'hostile environment' for illegal immigrants."
"What has happened to the Windrush generation isn't an anomaly. It's not due to an administrative error. It's a consequence of the hostile environment created by this (Conservative) government," London Mayor Sadiq Khan, a member of the opposition Labour Party, said Sunday, according to AP.
The Guardian also reports that a former Home Office employee acknowledged that thousands of "landing cards" recording the arrival of Caribbean migrants in the U.K. had been deliberately destroyed in recent years.
According to the newspaper: "The former employee (who has asked for his name not to be printed) said it was decided in 2010 to destroy the disembarkation cards, which dated back to the 1950s and 60s, when the Home Office's Whitgift Centre in Croydon was closed and the staff were moved to another site. Employees in his department told their managers it was a bad idea, because these papers were often the last remaining record of a person's arrival date, in the event of uncertainty or lost documents. The files were destroyed in October that year, when Theresa May was home secretary."
Rudd and May recently apologized over the controversy, saying all immigrants from the Commonwealth who arrived in the U.K. before 1973 are eligible for British citizenship.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org. | <urn:uuid:9d7ae3aa-7984-4927-aba9-940eb4dc0cf0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kcbx.org/2018-04-30/britains-home-secretary-steps-down-amid-row-over-deportation-targets | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.98584 | 522 | 1.757813 | 2 |
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Spring has sprung and the Easter Bunny is preparing to make his rounds. This year, the Easter Bunny is sick of bringing cheap toys that will be broken within 3 days. No more candy-coated goodness or expensive gadgets. No, sir. Instead, try one of these educational Easter basket ideas for toddlers.
The Easter Bunny has decided to simplify Easter and only bring baskets full of goodies that will make kids use their imagination while fine-tuning their motor-skills.
In an effort to help the exhuasted Easter Bunny, we’ve dug up 10 super easy educational Easter basket ideas for toddlers!
10 Educational Easter Basket Ideas for Toddlers
Who knew practicing fine motor skills while strengthening oral muscles could be so fun? Bubbles are a great addition to any Easter basket. Kids will beg to get outdoors and blow the biggest bubbles possible! We love Gazillion Bubbles brand because it’s made in the USA!
Little ones love doing puzzles and mamas love watching their kiddos master them. From manipulating the pieces to problem solving, puzzles are a great addition to any gift basket! Find one with bright colors, animals or cars and your kiddos will be smitten.
Bright colors, squishy textures and hours of fun are just some of the benefits of Play Doh. Grab a rolling pin, butter knife and kid-safe scissors to help little ones master fine motor skills, while developing stronger muscles.
Adding scarfs to your daily routine are a surefire way to add fun and laughter. Whether you play hot-potato, learn to “juggle” or just dance around the living room, a good set of scarves are a great addition to your Easter baskets.
You can never have enough books and there’s no time like the present to spark a love for reading. Find a hands-on book, like Usborne’s All Better, which allows kids to place bandaids on the animal’s boo-boos. They’ll love playing doctor with the large reusable bandaids.
Teaching your child the alphabet doesn’t have to be painful. Make it fun by adding magnetic foam letters to their Easter basket. The squishy letters are perfect for spelling names, addresses or simply learning the letters.
Jumbo Farm Animals-
We can’t get enough of Learning Resource’s Jumbo Farm Animals. After buying cheaply-made animals, there’s no denying a good set of farm animals is a great investment. Kids love them and their chunky size is perfect for little hands to grip. Expect hours of imaginary play with this fun toy.
Little faces will light up when their little hands master stinging activities. Whether you pair Cheerios with colorful string or purchase a colorful Farmyard Stringing Activity, kids will love it!
Little ones love to hammer…well, anything! Let them release some energy while fine-tuning their motor skills with a kid-safe hammer. We love the simplicity and bright colors of Melissa and Doug’s Wooden Pound a Peg and the price tag is hard to beat! (Pun intended!) 🙂
Kids love stacking, building and destroying block towers. But did you know, they’re also learning as they do so? By knocking over their creation, kids learn cause and effect, as well as honing in their find motor skills. If you’re sick of loud blocks crashing to the floor, try introducing a fun alternative, like Bristle Blocks. Kids love their fun texture and moms love the quietness of their tumble. | <urn:uuid:080b0b90-7ca0-477f-af23-59802b1414ce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://homeschoolhideout.com/educational-easter-basket-ideas/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.901689 | 801 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Memory loss doesn’t have to be in your cards
Can doing something as seemingly simple as getting together with friends over a game of cards keep you healthy and sharp?
To keep your brain in shape look no further than the old game cabinet. Dust off a deck of cards and start dealing. Or go online and find fun card games to play, just you and your computer.
The trick is that exercising your quick thinking, concentration, visualization, sequencing and memory is good for you.
A study in 2000 at the University of California, Berkeley, found strong evidence that an area in the brain used in playing bridge stimulates the immune system. Researchers suggest that is because players must use visualization, sequencing and memory.
A 2014 study by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that playing card and board games can help older people maintain their mental acuity. Researchers discovered that the frequency of playing games is associated with greater brain volume in several regions that are affected by Alzheimer's disease. Those who played more frequently also scored higher on cognitive tests.
'If you use it you get to keep it,' says Michael Carroll, 72, of Shingletown, referring to the benefits to the brain of playing cards. Carroll is part of the Redding Senior Center's volunteer bridge, penuchle, canasta, and cribbage program.
When I asked Carroll about the difficulty of cards he mentioned that anyone can learn to play cards but it can take a little work to play with some of Redding's more advanced players, especially bridge.
He suggests that people call the Senior Center and get involved by starting out easy. He recommended taking a lesson or two in some of the easier games like canasta or pinochle to see if you like them. If you do, start playing them. He said that games with adding, thinking and sequencing are fun.
The harder game by far is bridge and within the game there are different types of bridge. Redding has a lot of social bridge groups that play in people's homes, and according to Carroll the average age of players is 85. Duplicate bridge meets at the Senior Center twice a week with 15 to 20 tables of 4 people. The average age of today's competitive U.S. bridge player is 71.
Dollie Popoff of Redding says it may take up to six weeks to learn bridge. My husband says one of his biggest regrets was not taking his mother up on her offer to teach him bridge when he was in his 20s.
To exercise and maintain your brain you can play easy games or difficult games. Younger generations are playing poker but the effect is the same. Take a chance and try rummy, hearts, crazy eights, war or old maid.
The Senior Citizens Hall in Redding is on Benton Drive. There's a $20 annual membership fee. You can call them at 241-9759 or go online to the city of Redding's parks and recreation page (http://bit.ly/2fzaq6o) to see a schedule of classes and activities.
See if you can find a game you like and hopefully it will come with a bunch of new friends.
Bottom line: Memory loss doesn't have to be in your cards.Trudi Pratt has a chiropractic and nutrition practice in Redding. Find her at Drtrudipratt.com or 244-7873. | <urn:uuid:24fcc9c1-226e-4c63-9c05-ee438cad886c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.redding.com/story/life/columnists/trudi-pratt/2016/11/26/memory-loss-doesnt-have-to-be-in-your-cards/94507124/?utm_source=lifestyle_columnist&utm_medium=Presto&utm_campaign=PVs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.974836 | 700 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Dynamically load the variable file to Ansible Playbook
Let us create an Ansible Playbook which will dynamically load the variable file named the same as OS_name and just by using the variable names we can Configure our Target Node.
️Launch the two instances on AWS :
Configure the host file:
Here we need to give the user name according to the distribution and also need the same aws key pair which have been used at the time of OS launching. Give your key name in .pem format.
Configuring ansible.cfg file :
Here we need to configure the inventory file to ssh the instances.
In a playbook, we may want to execute different tasks, or have different goals, depending on the value of a fact (data about the remote system), a variable, or the result of a previous task. We may want the value of some variables to depend on the value of other variables. Or we may want to create additional groups of hosts based on whether the hosts match other criteria. We can do all of these things with conditionals.
Ansible uses Jinja2 tests and filters in conditionals. Ansible supports all the standard tests and filters, and adds some unique ones as well.
Now we’ll be going to create a var file according to the OS name of the distribution.
- Create the variable file with the RedHat.yml name
Create another variable file with the Ubuntu.yml name
Now create the playbook to configure the webserver
After that, we have to write create the index.html file which we are going to copy to the root document.
Now let's check the list of the hosts
Here you can see lists of remote nodes.
Now we’ll go to ping all of them. To check the connectivity between the controller node and target node.
Here you can see we are successfully able to ping with all the target nodes.
Now run the playbook to configure the webserver.
Here we can see that playbook run successfully without any error.
Now go to the web browser and check whether the web pages are copied or not?
Here you can see the web pages are copied successfully.
Hope you liked and enjoy the reading. | <urn:uuid:b0b9bb6e-eb5e-4073-888f-61e78b3c520a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chaudharysrasthy1528.medium.com/dynamically-load-the-variable-file-to-ansible-playbook-c651942b0509?source=post_internal_links---------0---------------------------- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.879946 | 463 | 2.5 | 2 |
Immunome has dosed the first subject in a Phase Ib clinical trial of a three-antibody cocktail, IMM-BCP-01, to treat Covid-19.
IMM-BCP-01 acts on the non-overlapping regions of SARS-CoV-2 virus’ Spike protein, including well conserved, subdominant epitopes.
It is intended to target three distinct, non-overlapping epitopes of SARS-CoV-2, to neutralise the virus and launch several viral clearance mechanisms at the same time, including complement fixation and phagocytosis.
In vitro, the cocktail demonstrated to neutralise all SARS-CoV-2 variants tested so far.
The single-dose, dose-escalation trial will enrol newly diagnosed Covid-19 patients.
Analysing safety is the primary endpoint of the trial while pharmacokinetics (PK) and virology will be the secondary assessments.
The company anticipates topline findings from the trial in the second half of this year.
Immunome president and CEO Purnanand Sarma said: “We are pleased that we have begun studying IMM-BCP-01 in patients with Covid-19.
“Based on the encouraging preclinical research, including data showing that our antibody cocktail demonstrated effectiveness against the Omicron variants BA.1 and BA.2 in live virus testing and Omicron BA.1 in-vivo in hamsters, we believe that IMM-BCP-01 can play an important role in addressing Covid-19.”
In March this year, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) lifted the clinical hold placed on an Investigational New Drug (IND) application for the company’s IMM-BCP-01 to treat Covid-19.
The regulatory agency issued a clinical hold letter in January this year and sought further data linked to the making and administration of the antibody cocktail at trial sites. | <urn:uuid:4dd19dde-a356-49c7-b989-1329859b8bd1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/news/immunome-covid-treatment-trial/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.915615 | 422 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Ross Hill on his goal to be one of the welding elite
When Ross Hill was in the seventh grade he found his dad’s plumbing torch and started experimenting. “I soldered pennies together for fun. Hot things are really cool.” And the die was cast. “I’ve pretty much known I’ve wanted to be in the welding field since then.”
So enthralled with welding was Ross that he looked into taking night-classes at Sutton-Garten, a welding supply company in Indianapolis, just a stone’s throw south of his hometown of Zionsville, Indiana. This was when Ross was 11 years old. “They didn’t quite know what to make of me,” said Ross, “They’d only had adult students before.” After some head scratching and when they realized there was no age requirement for classes, Sutton-Garten accepted their youngest student ever.
Ross also got into scouting. “All my friends were in it,” he said, and so he joined. But Ross realized something that made him strive to go as high in scouts as he could. “Not all great men are Eagle Scouts,” Ross said, “But all Eagle Scouts are great men.” And Ross wanted to be a great man. For his Eagle Scout project he refurbished a trailer for his church and achieved the elite rank of Eagle.
During high school Ross managed to turn his love for welding into the best part-time job ever. He ran a welding and fabricating business out of his parent’s garage. “It’s a hobby that I love and makes money. That’s 2 for two.” Ross was repairing lawn mowers and trailers for neighbors and family. His dad bought Ross a “cheap harbor freight flux core welder” but soon that wasn’t enough. Business was so good that a 220 volt power plug had to be installed in the garage so Ross could use professional welding equipment.
Currently, Ross is finishing his 9-month training at Hobart Institute of Welding Technology in Ohio with the help of a work ethic scholarship from mikeroweWORKS. But that’s just the beginning of his training. Beyond Hobart there will be training at Ivy Tech Community College and eventually he plans to attend, and graduate from, Ohio State. “I want to be one of the welding elite,” he said. Ross’ dream job is to work for NASA as a welding engineer, which I’m told is a cross between a mechanical engineer and a welder. “It’s about analyzing the metal to determine the strongest bond possible.”
I asked Ross his thoughts on student debt and he had this to say, “Racking up a hundred thousand dollars in debt before you can legally drink? It’s a free country and everyone’s prerogative to do so but that has to be one of the stupidest ways to ruin your life while under 22.”
Instead, Ross’ advice is to “Learn a skill with your hands and no one can ever take that away from you.” | <urn:uuid:8d3810dd-49e1-4b0a-9154-20870f77b461> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://profoundlydisconnected.com/rosshill/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00231-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984558 | 674 | 1.6875 | 2 |
|NITAAI-Veda.nyf > All Scriptures By Acharyas > Puranas > Bhavishya Purana - Bible|
Bhavisya Purana - Bible
[From the Pratisarga Parva, Chapters Four to Seven.]
Suta Goswami said: Once upon a time in Hastinapura, Pradyota the son of Kshemaka was leading an assembly and meanwhile the great sage Narada arrived there. King Pradyota happily honored him. Having him seated on the seat the sage told king Pradyota, "Your father was killed by the mlecchas, therefore he attained Yamaloka or the hellish planet. If you perform a `mleccha-yajna', then by the effect of this sacrifice your father will attain the heavenly planets."
Hearing this king Pradyota immediately called the best of the learned Brahmanas and started `mleccha-yajna' in Kuruksetra. They built a yajna-kunda which was 16 yojanas in square (128 miles). They meditated on the demigods and offered oblations of mlecchas. There are haras, hunas, barvaras, gurundas, sakas, khasas, yavanas, pallavas, romajas and those who are situated in different dvipas and in kamaru, china and the middle of the ocean; all of them were called with the mantra and burnt to ashes. Then he (the king) gave dakshina (donation) to the brahmanas and performed abhiseka. As a result his father Kshemaka went to the heavenly planets. After that he became famous everywhere as a mleccha-hanta or destroyer of mlecchas. He ruled the earth for ten thousand years and went to heaven. He had a son named Vedavan who ruled for two thousand years.
At that time the Kali purusha prayed to Lord Narayana along with his wife. After sometime the Lord apperared to him and said, "This age will be a good time for you. I will fulfil your desire having various kinds of forms. There is a couple named Adama and his wife Havyavati. They are born from Vishnu-kardama and will increase the generations of mlecchas. Saying this, the Lord disappeared. Having great joy the Kali purusha went to Nilacha
Vyasa said: "Now you hear the future story narrated by Suta Goswami. This is the full story of of Kali-yuga, hearing this you will become satisfied."
In the eastern side of Pradan city where there is a a big God-given forest, which is 16 square yojanas in size. The man named Adama was staying there under a Papa-Vriksha or a sinful tree and was eager to see his wife Havyavati. The Kali purusha quickly came there assuming the form of a serpent. He cheated them and they disobeyed Lord Vishnu. The husband ate the forbidden fruit of the sinful tree. They lived by eating air with the leaves called udumbara. After they had sons and all of them became mlecchas. Adama's duration of life was nine-hundred and thirty years. He offered oblations with fruits and went to heaven with his wife. His son was named Sveta-nama, and he lived nine-hundred and twelve years. Sveta-nama's son was Anuta, who rulled one-hundred years less than his father. His son Kinasa rulled as much as his grandfather. His son Malahalla ruled eight-hundred ninety five years. His son Virada rulled 160 years. His son Hamuka was devoted to Lord Vishnu, and offering oblations of fruits he achieved salvation. He ruled 365 years and went to heaven with the same body being engaged in mleccha-dharma.
having good behavior, wisdom, qualities like a brahmana and worship of God, these things are called mleccha-dharma. The great souls have declared that the dharma of the mleccha is devotion to God, worship of fire, nonviolence, austerity and control of the senses. The son of Hamuka was Matocchila. He ruled for 970 years. His son Lomaka ruled 777 years and went to heaven. His son Nyuha (Noah) ruled for 500 years. He had three sons named Sima, Sama and Bhava. Nyuha was a devotee of Lord Vishnu.
Once the Lord appeared in his dream and said: "My dear Nyuha, please listen, there will be devastation on the seventh day. Therefore, you have to be very quick that you make a big boat and ride in it. O chief of the devotees, you will be celebrated as a great king".
Then he made a strong boat which was 300 feet long, 50 feet wide and 30 feet high. It was beautiful and all the living entities could take shelter in it. He then himself rode in it, engaged in meditating on Lord Vishnu.
Lord Indra called the devastating cloud named Sambartaka and poured heavy rain continuously for 40 days. The whole earth, Bharat-varsa, had merged in the water and four oceans came up together. Only Visala or Badarikasrama was not submerged. There were 80,000 great transcendentalists in Visala who joined with king Nyuha and his family. All of them were saved and everything else was destroyed.
At that time all the sages praised the eternal energy of Lord Vishnu. Being pleased by the prayers of the sages, the Vishnu-maya reduced the waters of devastation. After one year gradually the earth become visible. Under the hill there is a place named Sisina and the king was situated in that place with his other people. When the water completely dried up, king Nyuha came back to his place.
Suta Goswami continued: The mleccha, king Nyuha became attached to Lord Vishnu and as a result Lord Vishnu increased his generation. Then he created a language fit for the mlecchas, unfavorable to the Vedas. He named it as brahmi-bhasha, or brahmi language, full of bad words, for increasing the degradation of Kali-yuga. The Lord who is Himself the master of intelligence gave this language to Nyuha. Nyuha named his tree sons opposite. They were known as Sima, Hama, Yakuta and also Yakuta, Sapta putra, Jumara and Majuya. The name of their countries were known as Madi, Yunana, Stuvaloma, Tasa and Tirasa.
Hama who was the second son of his father, had four sons know as Kusa, Misra, Kuja and Kanaam. Kusa had six sons - Havila, Sarva, Toragama, Savatika, NimaruhaI and Mahavala. Their sons were known as Kamala, Sinara and Uraka. And their countries names are Akvada, Bavuna and Rasana.
After telling this story Suta Goswami influenced by Yoga-nidra entered mystic slumber. He woke up after two thousand years and thereupon he said: "Now I'm going to say about the generation of Sima. Because he was the first son of his father he became the king. This mleccha king ruled over the country for 500 years. His son Arkansoda ruled for 434 years. His son Sihla ruled for 460 years. His son Iratasya ruled the same length as his father. His son Phataja ruled for 240 years. His son Rau ruled for 237 years. His son Juja ruled the same length as his father. His son Nahura ruled for 160 years, and he destroyed his many inimical kings. His son Tahara ruled the same length as his father. He had three sons: Avirama, Nahura and Harana. Thus I have explained the generation of mlecchas with the indication of their names only. The mleccha language is considered the lowest language because it bears the curse of goddess Sarasvati. Thus I have summarily narrated the rise of the mlecchas in Kali-yuga.
Sanskrt is the language by which the whole Bharata-Varsa is being praised and glorified. The same language, after going to another country became the mleccha language and mlecchas took advantage of it.
After hearing all this, the sages situated in Badarikashrama, worshipped Lord Nara-Narayana and meditated upon them for 200 years. When they woke up from their meditation, they inquired from their teacher Suta Goswami:
"O disciple of Shri Vyasa, you are so fortunate and greatly intelligent, may you live long. Now please tell us who is the king at the present time?"
Suta Goswami said: "At the present time, the Kali-yuga has already passed its 3000 years. Now the king Sankha is ruling the earth and in the mleccha countries the king named Sakapat is ruling. Please hear about how they came up."
When the Kali-yuga passed 2000 years, the dynasty of mlecchas increased. They created many paths to grow and gradually the whole earth become full of mlecchas. The spiritual master and teacher of the mlecchas was named Musa. He was residing on the bank of the river Sarasvati, and he spread his doctrince throughout the whole world. As soon as Kali-yuga started, the devotion to the Lord and the language of the Vedas were destroyed. There are four kinds of mleccha languages: Vraja-bhasa, Maharastri, Yavani and Garundika. In this way there are four million kinds of other languages.
For example: paniyam (water) is called pani, bubhuksa-hunger is called bhukh. Paniyam-drinking is called papadi and bhojanam-eating si called kakkanam. Isti is called suddharava, istini is called masapavani, ahuti is called aju and dadati is called dadhati. The word pitri is called paitara and bhrata is bather and also pati. This is the yavani lanugage in which the asva is called aspa, Janu is jainu and sapta-sindhu is called sapta-hindu.
Now you hear about Gurundika language. Ravi-vara (the first day of the week) is called sunday, phalguna and chaitra months are called pharvari (February). Sasti is called sixty, these kinds of examples are there.
Crime is becoming prominent in the holy place of Sapta-puri. Gradually the people of Aryavata are becoming theives, hunters, bhillas and fools. The followers of mleccha-dharma in foreign countries are intelligent and having good qualities, whereas the people of Aryavarta are bereft of good qualities. Thus the ruling of mlecchas is also in Bharata (India) and its islands. Knowing all this, O great and intelligent sage, you should just perform the devotional service to Lord Hari.
The great sage Saunaka inquired: "Please tell us, what was the reason that the mlecchas did not arrive in Brahmavarta.
Suta Goswami said: That was by the influence of goddess Sarasvati that they could not enter that place. By the order of the demigods, when the Kali-yuga pursued his 1,000 years, a brahmana named Kasyapa come down to earth from the heavenly planets with his wife Aryavatil. They had ten spotless sons who are known by the names: Upadhayaya, Diksita, Pathaka, Sukla, Misra, Agnihotri, Dvi-vedi, Tri-vedi, Catur-vedi and Pandey. Among them was the learned one full of knowledge. He went to Kashmir and worshipped goddess Sarasvati with red flowers, red akshata (rice), incense, lamps, naivedya (food offerings) and puspanjali (flower offerings). To please her he praised her with some prayers, asking her for better knowledge of Sankrt to put mlecchas into illusion. Being pleased by his prayers she remainded situated in his mind and blessed him with knowledge. Then the sage went to the country known as Misra and put all the mlecchas into illusion by the greace of goddess Sarasvati.
Then he made 10,000 people as dvijas or twice born brahmanas; he made 2,000 people into vaishyas; and the rest of them as shudras. He came back with them and staying in Arya-desha (India) he engaged in the activites of the sages. They were known as Aryans and by the grace of goddess Sarasvati their generation gradually increased upto 4 million, both the men and women with their sons and grandsons. Their king, Kasyapa muni, ruled the earth for 120 years.
There were 8,000 sudras in the county known as Rajputra (Rajput) and their king was Arya-prithu. His son was Magadha. The sage made him a king and left.
Saunaka inquired: "O disciple of Vyasa, O Lomaharsana, please tell us who were the kings to rule the earth in Kali-yuga, after Magadha?"
Suta Goswami said: When king Magadha, the son of Kasyapa was ruling the earth, he remembered his father's administration and he separated the Arya-desha (India) into many states. The state which is on the eastern side of Pancala is known as Magadha, the state of Kalinga is on the east-south side, the state of Avanta is in the south, Amarta-desha is to the south-west, Sindhu-desha is on the western side, Kaikaya is to the north-west, Madra-desha is in the north, and Koninda-desha is to the north-east. These states are named according to his sons' names. After performing a sacrifice he gave the states to his sons. Lord Balabhadra became pleased with his sacrifice, and Sisunaga appeared from the sacrifice as his son. He ruled for 100 years and his son Kakavarma ruled for 90 years. His son Kshemadharma ruled for 80 years and his son ruled for 70 years. His son Vedamisra ruled for 60 years. His son Ajata-nipu ruled for 50 years. His son Darbhaka ruled for 40 years, his son Udayasva ruled for 30 years, his son Nanda-Vardhana ruled for 20 years, his son Nanda-suta, who was born from the womb of a sudri or a low class lady, also ruled for 20 years. His son Pranancala ruled for 10 years. His son Parananda also ruled 10 years. His son Samananda ruled for 20 years. His son Priyananta ruled for 20 years, his son Devananda also ruled for 20 years. his son Yajna-bhanga ruled for 10 years. His son Mauryananda ruled for 10 years. And his son Mahananda fuled for 10 years.
At this time Lord Hari was remembered by Kali. At that time the great and famous Gautama, the son of Kasyapa introduced the Buddhist religion, and attained Lord Hari in Pattana.
Gautama ruled over 10 years. From him Shakya muni was born, who ruled 20 years. His son Shuddhodana ruled 30 years. His son Shakyasimha became the king on Satadri after 2000 years and he ruled for 60 years, by which time all the people were Buddhists. This was the first position of Kali-yuga and the Vedic religion was destroyed.
If Lord Vishnu becomes a king then all the people would follow Him. The activities of the world are carried out by the prowess of Lord Vishnu. He is the master of maya or the illusory energy and whoever takes shelter of that Lord Hari, though he may be a sinful and abominable person, will become liberated.
Buddha-simha was born from Shakyasimha and he ruled for only 30 years. Buddha-simha's son was Chandra-gupta, who married with a daughter of Suluva, the Yavana king of Pausasa. Thus he mixed the Buddhists and yavanas. He ruled for 60 years. From him Vindusara was born and ruled for the same number of years as his father. His son was Ashoka. At this time the best of the brahmanas, Kanyakubja, performed sacrifice on the top of a mountain named Arbuda. By the influence of Vedic mantras, four Kshatriyas appeared form the yajna. Among these four Pramara was samavedi, Chapahani was yajurvedi, Shukla was trivedi and Pariharaka was the Atharvavedi. They were accustomed to ride on elephants. They kept Ashoka under their control and annihilated all the Buddhists. It is said there were 4 million Buddhists and all of them were killed by uncommon weapons. After that Pramara became king in Avanta and he constructed a large city called Ambavati for his happiness. It was as big as 4 yojanas or about 32 miles.
Then Suta Goswami said: "My dear brahmanas I'm being influenced by yoga-nidra, therefore, please go to your respective ashramas and meditate on Lord Vishnu."
After the completion of 2,000 years, Suta Goswami said: When the kali-yuga had passed his 3,710 years, at that time the king was Pramara who rulled 6 years, from him Mahamada was born. He ruled 3 years and his son Devapi did the same. His son Devaduta also did the same. From him Gandharva-sena was born, who went to the forest after ruling for over 50 years and having given his kingdom to his son Shankha. Shankha ruled for over 30 years. Lord Indra sent a heavenly girl to Gandharva-sena named Viramati. A jewel like son was born form her womb. At the time of his birth, there were flowers raining from the sky, many auspicious instruments were played and the wind was blowing pleasingly. The name of the baby was Siva-drishti, who later left for the jungle with his disciples. After 20 years he became perfect in Karma-yoga. When kali-yuga copmleted 3,000 years, the terrible symptoms of kali had appeared. That baby took birth in the secret place of Kailasa, by the benediction of Lord Shiva, to destroy the shakas and to increase the Arya-dharma or the Vedic reigion. His father Gandharva-sena named his son as Vikramaditya and become happy. This child was very intelligent and very pleasing to his parents. When he was 5 years old, he left for the forest to perform austerities and he continued it upto 12 years. After 12 years he went to the holy city named Ambavati with all the opulence and accepted the transcendental throne sent by Lord Shiva. For his security goddess Parvati created a Vetala (a king of ghosts) and sent it to king Vikramaditya's palace. Once the powerful king went to the temple of Lord Shiva named as Mahakaleshvara, who is the chief of the devas, and who has a bow named Pinaka. There he worshipped Lord Shiva. In that place he built a religious council hall with the pillars made of various metals and decorated with many kinds of jewels and covered with so many plants and creepers and flowers. In that hall he kept a celestial throne. He invited the foremost brahmanas who are well-versed in Vedic knowledge, worshipped them with proper hospitality and heard many religious histories from them. After that one demigod named Vitala come there having a form of a brahmana. Glorifying and blessing the king, he sat down on the seat and said: O master of this earthly planet, king Vikramaditya, if you are very eager to hear them I will describe the stories and histories to you.
Thus ends the seventh chapter of the Pratisarga Parva of the Bhavishya Purana. | <urn:uuid:a494b7fd-1d53-4d03-8b1d-847fedb792d8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://nitaaiveda.com/All_Scriptures_By_Acharyas/Puranas/Bhavishya_Purana_-_Bible.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00333-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983754 | 4,499 | 2.25 | 2 |
A study showed that most drivers kept buying from the same company for at least the last four years, and practically 40% of car insurance customers have never compared quotes from other companies. Many consumers in Charlotte could save themselves about 10% a year, but they feel it’s too difficult to compare rates and save money.
Really, the only way to find better pricing on auto insurance rates in Charlotte is to start comparing prices yearly from insurance carriers that insure vehicles in North Carolina.
- Step 1: Read and learn about what is in your policy and the things you can change to keep rates low. Many policy risk factors that cause high rates such as at-fault accidents, speeding tickets, and an unacceptable credit history can be controlled by being financially responsible and driving safely.
- Step 2: Get rate quotes from direct carriers, independent agents, and exclusive agents. Direct and exclusive agents can only provide price estimates from one company like Progressive or State Farm, while independent agents can provide price quotes from multiple companies. Find a Charlotte insurance agent
- Step 3: Compare the quotes to your current policy premium and determine if there is any savings. If you find better rates, verify that coverage does not lapse between policies.
A good tip to remember is that you’ll want to compare identical limits and deductibles on each quote and and to get rates from as many auto insurance providers as possible. This ensures an accurate price comparison and a complete selection of prices.
Get cheaper rates by getting discounts
Car insurance can cost a lot, but you may find discounts that can help lower your rates. Larger premium reductions will be automatically applied at the time of purchase, but some must be manually applied before you get the savings. If you check and find you aren’t receiving every discount available, you could be getting lower rates.
- Payment Method – If paying your policy premium upfront instead of paying each month you could save 5% or more.
- Include Life Insurance and Save – Select companies reward you with a discounted auto insurance rate on car insurance if you buy some life insurance in addition to your auto policy.
- Driver Education Discount – Teen drivers should successfully complete driver’s ed class if offered at their school.
- Telematics Data Discounts – Charlotte drivers who agree to allow their company to track vehicle usage by using a small device installed in their vehicle such as Snapshot from Progressive or Drivewise from Allstate may see discounts if their driving habits are good.
- Good Grades Discount – Performing well in school may save you up to 25%. The good student discount can last well after school through age 25.
- Passive Restraints and Air Bags – Options like air bags may get savings of up to 25% or more.
Discounts reduce rates, but you should keep in mind that most discount credits are not given to the whole policy. Most cut the price of certain insurance coverages like comprehensive or collision. So even though it sounds like all those discounts means the company will pay you, nobody gets a free ride.
A list of auto insurance companies and a summarized list of policyholder discounts can be read below.
- GEICO policyholders can earn discounts including anti-theft, multi-policy, good student, federal employee, membership and employees, five-year accident-free, and emergency military deployment.
- USAA has savings for multi-policy, vehicle storage, loyalty savings, military installation, and driver training.
- Progressive may offer discounts for multi-vehicle, multi-policy, good student, online signing, continuous coverage, online quote discount, and homeowner.
- American Family has discounts for good driver, bundled insurance, multi-vehicle, TimeAway discount, defensive driver, good student, and accident-free.
- Esurance discounts include online quote, good driver, multi-car, Pac-12 alumni, Switch & Save, and paid-in-full.
- Farmers Insurance offers premium reductions for alternative fuel, good student, youthful driver, bundle discounts, multi-car, and homeowner.
- State Farm offers discounts for good student, accident-free, passive restraint, driver’s education, and good driver.
When getting a coverage quote, ask every company which discounts you may be entitled to. Discounts might not be offered on policies in your area. If you would like to view insurers who offer discounts in North Carolina, follow this link.
All the larger insurance companies provide prices on their websites. Comparing Honda S2000 insurance rates online is quite easy as you just enter your coverage information into the quote form. Once entered, the system gets your driving and credit reports and quotes a price based on the information you submitted.
The ability to get online price quotes for Honda S2000 insurance in Charlotte makes comparing rates easy, and it is imperative to get many rate quotes if you want to get the lowest possible payments on insurance.
To save time and find out how much you can save on insurance, compare rates now from the companies shown below. If you have your current policy handy, we recommend you enter deductibles and limits just like they are on your policy. Doing this guarantees you will get comparison quotes based on identical coverages.
The companies shown below offer free quotes in Charlotte, NC. If multiple companies are listed, it’s highly recommended you visit two to three different companies in order to find the most affordable rates.
Get Lower-cost Insurance Prices by Understanding These Factors
Smart consumers have a good feel for some of the factors that help determine the rates you pay for auto insurance. If you understand what determines premiums, this allows you to make educated decisions that may result in lower premium levels.
Men pay more for car insurance – Over time, data shows that females tend to be a little less risky than males. However, this does not mean women are BETTER drivers than men. Males and females get in at-fault accidents at about the same rate, but the males have accidents that have higher claims. Not only are claims higher, but men have more aggressive citations like DUI and reckless driving.
Prevent your car from being stolen – Buying a car with an alarm system can save you a little every year. Systems that thwart thieves such as OnStar found on GM vehicles, advanced tracking like LoJack, and vehicle immobilization systems all aid in stopping vehicle theft.
Small coverages can add up – There are a lot of extra coverages that you can get tricked into buying but may not be useful. Coverage for things like rental car coverage, accidental death, and Farm Bureau memberships are examples of these. They may sound like good ideas when discussing your needs, but if you have no use for them eliminate them to save money.
Too many auto insurance claims drive up prices – If you file a lot of claims you can look forward to higher premiums or even policy non-renewal. Insurance companies in North Carolina provide cheaper rates to drivers who are not frequent claim filers. Your insurance policy is intended for the bigger claims that can’t be paid out-of-pocket.
Coverage lapses raise premiums – Allowing your auto insurance policy to lapse is a sure-fire way to increase your renewal premiums. In addition to paying higher rates, getting caught without coverage will get you a license revocation or jail time. Then you may be required to submit proof of financial responsibility or a SR-22 with the North Carolina department of motor vehicles.
Buying auto insurance from Charlotte auto insurance agents
Many people just want to get advice from a local agent and that is a smart decision Experienced insurance agents can answer important questions and will help you if you have claims. A good thing about price shopping on the web is that you can obtain better rates and still choose a local agent. Buying from and supporting local insurance agencies is important especially in Charlotte.
Upon completion of this short form, your insurance data is transmitted to agents in your area that can give you free Charlotte auto insurance quotes for your business. It simplifies rate comparisons since you won’t have to do any legwork since price quotes are sent instantly to you. If you wish to get a rate quote from a specific company, just visit that company’s website and complete a quote there.
If you want to buy auto insurance from a reputable agency, it’s helpful to know the different types of agents and how they can write your policy. Charlotte agents are either independent or exclusive depending on the company they work for. Both types of agents can insure your vehicles properly, but it’s worth mentioning why they differ since it can impact the selection process.
Independent Auto Insurance Agencies
Independent agencies often have many company appointments so they have the ability to put coverage through many different auto insurance companies and help determine which has the cheapest rates. If premiums increase, they simply move your policy to a different company and the insured can keep the same agent.
If you need lower rates, you definitely need to get rate quotes from at least one independent agent to have the best price comparison. Most independent agents also contract with small regional insurance companies who may have lower rates.
Listed below are independent agents in Charlotte that may be able to give you free rate quotes.
- All Points Insurance Agencies
5618 Albemarle Rd # 200 – Charlotte, NC 28212 – (980) 221-9468 – View Map
- Mark McDuffie Insurance Agency
6101 Carnegie Blvd #415 – Charlotte, NC 28209 – (704) 364-9227 – View Map
- Johnson Insurance Management, LLC
3220 Wilkinson Boulevard Ste A3 – Charlotte, NC 28208 – (704) 394-7327 – View Map
Exclusive Insurance Agents
Agents that elect to be exclusive can only provide pricing for a single company and some examples include Allstate, State Farm and Farmers Insurance. These agents are unable to give you multiple price quotes so they are skilled at selling on more than just price. These agents are usually well trained in insurance sales which can be an advantage. Drivers often buy from exclusive agents partially due to the brand rather than having low rates.
Below are exclusive insurance agents in Charlotte that can give you price quotes.
- Jeff Genant – State Farm Insurance Agent
15105 John J Delaney Dr – Charlotte, NC 28277 – (704) 594-3000 – View Map
- Daniela Hernandez – State Farm Insurance Agent
5811 Fairview Rd Ste 102 – Charlotte, NC 28209 – (704) 733-9022 – View Map
- Allstate Insurance: Michael Randolph
1001 W W.T. Harris Blvd m – Charlotte, NC 28213 – (704) 549-1710 – View Map
Picking the best insurance agent is decision based upon more than just the bottom line cost. Ask your prospective agent these questions:
- Can you choose the body shop in case repairs are needed?
- Do they carry Errors and Omissions coverage?
- Do they specialize in personal lines coverage in Charlotte?
- How often do they review policy coverages?
- Can they help ensure a fair claim settlement?
- Is vehicle mileage a factor when determining depreciation for repairs?
Why do I need car insurance?
Even though it’s not necessarily cheap to insure a Honda in Charlotte, buying car insurance is required for several reasons.
- Most states have mandatory liability insurance requirements which means you are required to buy a minimum amount of liability insurance in order to license the vehicle. In North Carolina these limits are 30/60/25 which means you must have $30,000 of bodily injury coverage per person, $60,000 of bodily injury coverage per accident, and $25,000 of property damage coverage.
- If your vehicle has a loan, more than likely the lender will have a requirement that you carry insurance to guarantee loan repayment. If you default on your policy, the lender may have to buy a policy to insure your Honda at a significantly higher premium and require you to reimburse them much more than you were paying before.
- Car insurance preserves your Honda S2000 and your assets. Insurance will also pay for all forms of medical expenses for not only you but also any passengers injured in an accident. Liability coverage will also pay for a defense attorney in the event you are sued. If your car is damaged in a storm or accident, comprehensive and/or collision insurance will pay to have it repaired.
The benefits of having insurance definitely exceed the cost, especially if you ever need it. According to a survey of 1,000 drivers, the average driver is currently overpaying as much as $855 a year so it’s recommended you shop around at every policy renewal to make sure the price is not too high.
Lower rates by being persistent
Budget-friendly car insurance in Charlotte can be sourced from both online companies as well as from insurance agents, so you should be comparing quotes from both in order to have the best price selection to choose from. There are still a few companies who do not provide the ability to get a quote online and these small, regional companies prefer to sell through local independent agents.
People change insurance companies for a variety of reasons including high rates after DUI convictions, denial of a claim, policy non-renewal and poor customer service. No matter why you want to switch, switching car insurance companies is less work than it seems.
You just learned many tips how you can compare Honda S2000 insurance premium rates in Charlotte. The key thing to remember is the more quotes you get, the higher the chance of saving money. Consumers may even find the lowest premium rates are with some of the lesser-known companies.
Much more information about car insurance in North Carolina is available below:
- Teen Driver Licensing Information (iihs.org)
- Who Has the Cheapest Auto Insurance Rates for Drivers with Accidents in Charlotte? (FAQ)
- Who Has Cheap Auto Insurance Rates for Drivers with Good Credit in Charlotte? (FAQ)
- What Car Insurance is Cheapest for Hybrid Vehicles in Charlotte? (FAQ)
- Who Has Cheap Auto Insurance Rates for Low Mileage Drivers in Charlotte? (FAQ)
- What Insurance is Cheapest for Teenagers in Charlotte? (FAQ)
- Can I Drive Legally without Insurance? (Insurance Information Institute)
- How to Avoid Common Accidents (State Farm)
- Older Drivers FAQ (iihs.org) | <urn:uuid:e180fa6f-2f64-468b-aaf7-a1c782dee949> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.carolinaautoguard.com/compare-honda-s2000-insurance-charlotte/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.941447 | 2,961 | 1.523438 | 2 |
by Teresa Genaro
“Can I call you back in a little while?” asked Barbara Luna on a recent wet, cold afternoon. “It’s miserable here, and I want to get the horses fed.”
An hour later, the horses taken care of, Luna can talk. Which she does, willingly, at length, telling the story of how she made a dream come true.
It started on the backstretch at Philadelphia Park, back when it was still called that, when Luna was working for the Pennsylvania Thoroughbred Horsemen’s Association (PTHA) under director Mike Ballezzi. A native of New Jersey, she studied animal science at Rutgers, thought about becoming a veterinarian, and has spent most of her adult life working at the racetrack: at Monmouth Park and Gulfstream, on the backstretch and in front of the camera.
As awareness of Thoroughbred retirement increased, PTHA decided in 2008 to establish its own retirement program on the backstretch of Philadelphia Park, and Luna added to her PTHA responsibilities administration of the program. The premise was simple: trainers who had horses that were ready for retirement could turn the horses over to Turning For Home, as the program was called, and Luna would find an appropriate placement for them, ideally in a re-training program that would suit the horse for another career.
“I found that the horses that I loved the most were the older racehorses,” Luna reflected. “They were harder to adopt. With all the incentives for Thoroughbred show horses, people wanted the younger ones, and it was difficult to get the 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, even 11-year olds into homes.
“So I thought about starting my own program.”
The woman from the north looked south, to an area rich in history that had long intrigued her, and she waited until the right farm came along. In 2012, it did, in Appomattox, Virginia, not far from the site of Lee’s surrender to Grant, which effectively ended the Civil War.
She closed on the farm in May 2012, but happy in her role at Turning for Home and appreciative of the security it offered, she continued working as she prepared the farm to house both herself and retired horses.
“I wasn’t really prepared to jump off the racing ship at that point,” Luna said. “It was a really good job. But I thought, ‘If I don’t do it now, I’ll be too old to lift a pitchfork.’”
So she commuted, from her home in New Jersey to the farm in Virginia, heading down about once a month, working on renovations. As the months went by, heading back northeast became harder and harder, and in September 2013, Luna left Turning for Home to take up residence in Virginia.
And after years of being the one to place horses in retirement homes, Luna opened War Horses at Rose Bower, taking in the very kinds of horses she used to find homes for.
“I got great experience working for Mike Ballezzi,” she said. “I loved horses and helping them, but he helped me learn the business side.”
She’s got a handful of horses whose names will sound familiar to those who follow East Coast racing. The 12-year-old New York-bred Gimme Credit, a stakes winner at Belmont and Saratoga with earnings of nearly $750,000, lives at Rose Bower, as does System Restore. Now 11, he finished his racing career in 2013 at Suffolk Downs, banking just under $300,000.
They both come through Take The Lead, the retirement program of the New York Thoroughbred Horsemen’s Association for which Turning For Home was the model.
Colonel Bart, now 23, also has a spot. He’s a Florida-bred who raced for most of his 84-race career in the mid-Atlantic, garnering his lone stakes win at the Meadowlands in 1997.
Luna’s also got a stakes-winning movie star in Hermosillo, an 11-year-old veteran of 74 starts. The 2011 New Jersey-bred Horse of the Year earned $679,000 on the track; he was claimed in 2008 by New Jersey-based Kenwood Stables, for which he made nearly 60 starts, and Kenwood now sponsors his retirement.
“I used to work for [Kenwood founder] Robb Levinsky, doing PR for him when he started the partnership,” she recounted. “We hadn’t seen each other for years, and then all of a sudden, I saw him at Monmouth Park, we started talking, and he asked if Hermosillo could come here. He was the first horse I got.”
Last March, he got a star turn playing a cavalry horse in a Civil War documentary that was shooting in the area.
“It was a very little part, but he was very good,” said Luna, a proud smile evident in her voice. “He was perfect. I thought he might be a nervous wreck, but he didn’t care about anything.”
Some of War Horses’ residents will be retrained and put up for adoption; others will live permanently on Luna’s farm. She chose its name for the horses that she’ll accept, the old war horses that race dozens of times over a number of years, and while she’s not affiliated with the war horse programs that work with military veterans, she hopes that one will be a part of Rose Bowers in the future.
She also looks forward to applying for accreditation from the Thoroughbred Aftercare Alliance, to receive its imprimatur and the funds available through the organization. In 2010, Luna was a panelist at the Grayson-Jockey Club Summit on the Welfare and Safety of the Racehorse Summit, talking about “Transitioning Thoroughbred to Second Careers” (you can download the video of the presentation here). Such discussions led to the creation of the T.A.A.
In the meantime, she’s raising money independently, hoping, she says, to have enough funds to respond to emergencies, to help horses posted on social media that need to be bailed out of a kill pen.
“I want to be able to say, ‘I can pay for shipping; get him out of there right away,’” she said. “I’ve always wanted to be able to help those guys.”
At this time of year, it’s cold and wet in Central Virginia, and so muddy that last year Luna wondered aloud whether the grass would ever grow back in the spring. But no matter how unpleasant the work might seem, no matter how challenging the horses are, no matter how much money it takes to make sure that retired horses have a life they deserve after years of work, Luna is exactly where she wants.
“I love it out here,” said the former Jersey girl. “I’m just a farmer now with dirty fingernails, mucking stalls and finding homes for older horses.” | <urn:uuid:d3e55781-c086-4bc2-a36c-b3ebf3c81315> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theracingbiz.com/2015/01/22/war-horses-finding-homes-barbara-luna/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.974401 | 1,531 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is scar tissue that forms in parts of the kidney called glomeruli. The glomeruli serve as filters, helping rid the body of unnecessary or harmful substances. Each kidney has thousands of glomeruli. One glomeruli is called a glomerulus.
"Focal" means that some of the glomeruli become scarred, while others remain normal. "Segmental" means that only part of an individual glomerulus is damaged.
Segmental glomerulosclerosis; Focal sclerosis with hyalinosis
The cause of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is usually unknown.
The condition affects both children and adults. Men and boys are affected slightly more often than women and girls, and it also occurs more often in African Americans. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis causes about 20 - 25% of all cases of nephrotic syndrome.
Known causes include:
The health care provider will perform a physical examination. This may detect tissue swelling and high blood pressure. Signs of kidney (renal) failure and excess fluid may develop as the condition gets worse.
Tests may include:
Some patients will receive high doses of corticosteroids or a drug called cyclosporine to suppress their immune system.
The goal of treatment is to control the symptoms of nephrotic syndrome and prevent chronic kidney failure.
In general, treatments may include:
See also: Kidney disease - diet
More than half of those with focal or segmental glomerulosclerosis develop chronic kidney failure within 10 years.
No prevention is known.
Appel GB. Glomerular disorders and nephrotic syndromes. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 122.
Nachman PH, Jennette JC, Falk, RJ. Primary glomerular disease. In: Brenner BM, ed. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 30. | <urn:uuid:5bd5202e-7d73-4dd1-b0de-6ef990db4a33> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.northside.com/HealthLibrary/?Path=HIE+Multimedia%5C1%5C000478.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00344-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.87481 | 444 | 3.53125 | 4 |
A National Park Service study released today says the 1.35 million visitors to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park in 2011 spent $96.99 million in the communities surrounding the park. The study says the spending supported 1,177 jobs.
In 2012, an estimated 1.48 million people visited the park, up 9.7 percent from 2011.
The estimated economic impact of park visitors was part of a peer-reviewed spending analysis of parks nationwide by Michigan State University.
For 2011, the report shows $13 billion of direct spending nationwide by 279 million park visitors in communities within 60 miles of a national park. That visitor spending had a $30 billion impact on the entire U.S. economy and supported 252,000 jobs nationwide, the study said. | <urn:uuid:1036ba15-cc9f-45f2-bf74-8226a20fedb7> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.staradvertiser.com/2013/02/26/breaking-news/volcanoes-national-park-visitors-spent-97-million-in-2011/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721174.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00282-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940152 | 153 | 1.78125 | 2 |
|Department of Public Information • News and Media Division • New York|
MWANAWASA’S PRESENCE WILL BE MISSED, SECRETARY-GENERAL SAYS IN GENERAL ASSEMBLY
TRIBUTE TO LATE PRESIDENT OF ZAMBIA
Following is the text of UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon’s remarks at the General Assembly tribute to the late President of Zambia, Levy Patrick Mwanawasa, in New York, today, 4 September:
It is with great sadness that I add my voice to all of yours in paying tribute to the late President of Zambia, Levy Patrick Mwanawasa.
Like all of us, I was saddened by his sudden passing.
As Vice-President and later President, Mr. Mwanawasa was at the forefront of Zambian politics at a time of exceptional challenge and change in his country, and in the Southern African region as a whole.
He was also a good friend of this Organization. Four years ago, speaking to the fifty-ninth session of the General Assembly, he expressed strong support for an effective United Nations and stressed the need to take advantage of what he called the “immense problem-solving potential of multilateralism”. For that sentiment and much else, his voice resonated in these halls, and I know we will all miss his presence in the world arena.
I profoundly admired his contribution as Chair of SADC [South African Development Community], in particular in leading the efforts of the international community to restore democracy in Zimbabwe. My own personal interactions with him over numerous telephone calls and meetings were always instructive and valuable.
I extend again my profound condolences to President Mwanawasa’s family and to the Zambian people and Government at this difficult time. And I wish the people of Zambia and the region courage and fortitude in the time ahead.
* *** * | <urn:uuid:3f81a636-03ee-447f-96ba-6fcfd8416f74> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.un.org/press/en/2008/sgsm11775.doc.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00021-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950773 | 397 | 1.507813 | 2 |
A Brief Overview of Alcoholism
For many people, drinking alcohol is nothing more than a pleasant way to relax. However, people with alcohol use disorders drink to excess, endangering both themselves and others. This question-and-answer fact sheet explains alcohol problems and how psychologists can help people recover.
When does drinking become a problem?
For most adults, moderate alcohol use — no more than two drinks a day for men and one for women and older people — is relatively harmless. (A “drink” means 1.5 ounces of spirits, 5 ounces of wine, or 12 ounces of beer, all of which contain 0.5 ounces of alcohol.)
Moderate use, however, lies at one end of a range that moves through alcohol abuse to alcohol dependence:
- Alcohol abuse is a drinking pattern that results in significant and recurrent adverse consequences. Alcohol abusers may fail to fulfill major school, work or family obligations. They may have drinking-related legal problems, such as repeated arrests for driving while intoxicated. They may have relationship problems related to their drinking.
- People with alcoholism — technically known as alcohol dependence — have lost reliable control of their alcohol use. It doesn’t matter what kind of alcohol someone drinks or even how much: alcohol-dependent people are often unable to stop drinking once they start. Alcohol dependence is characterized by tolerance (the need to drink more to achieve the same “high”) and withdrawal symptoms if drinking is suddenly stopped. Withdrawal symptoms may include nausea, sweating, restlessness, irritability, tremors, hallucinations, and convulsions.
Although severe alcohol problems get the most public attention, even mild to moderate problems cause substantial damage to individuals, their families, and the community.
According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), 1 in 13 American adults is an alcohol abuser or alcoholic at any given time. A 1997 government survey revealed that drinking problems are also common among younger Americans. For example, almost 5 million youths aged 12 to 20 engage in binge drinking, which involves females consuming at least four drinks on a single occasion and males at least five.
What causes alcohol-related problems?
Problem drinking has multiple causes, with genetic, physiological, psychological and social factors all playing a role. Not every individual is equally affected by each cause. For some alcohol abusers, psychological traits such as impulsiveness, low self-esteem, and a need for approval prompt inappropriate drinking. Some individuals drink to cope with or “medicate” emotional problems. Social and environmental factors such as peer pressure and the easy availability of alcohol can play key roles. Poverty and physical or sexual abuse increase the odds of developing alcohol dependence.
Genetic factors make some people especially vulnerable to alcohol dependence. Contrary to myth, being able to “hold your liquor” means you’re probably more at risk–not less–for alcohol problems. Yet a family history of alcohol problems doesn’t mean that the children of those with alcohol problems will automatically grow up to have the same problems–nor does the absence of family drinking problems necessarily protect children from developing these problems.
Once people begin drinking excessively, the problem can perpetuate itself. Heavy drinking can cause physiological changes that make more drinking the only way to avoid discomfort. Individuals with alcohol dependence may drink partly to reduce or avoid withdrawal symptoms.
How do alcohol problems affect people?
While some research suggests that small amounts of alcohol may have beneficial cardiovascular effects, there is widespread agreement that heavier drinking can lead to health problems. In fact, 100,000 Americans die from alcohol-related causes each year. Short-term effects include memory loss, hangovers, and blackouts. Long-term problems associated with heavy drinking include stomach ailments, heart problems, cancer, brain damage, serious memory loss, and liver cirrhosis. Heavy drinkers also markedly increase their chances of dying from automobile accidents, homicide, and suicide. Although men are much more likely than women to develop alcoholism, women’s health suffers more, even at lower levels of consumption.
Drinking problems also have a very negative impact on mental health. Alcohol abuse and alcoholism can worsen existing conditions such as depression or induce new problems such as serious memory loss, depression, or anxiety.
Alcohol problems don’t just hurt the drinker. According to NIAAA, more than half of Americans have at least one close relative with a drinking problem. Spouses and children of heavy drinkers are more likely to face family violence; children are more likely to suffer physical and sexual abuse and neglect and to develop psychological problems. Women who drink during pregnancy run a serious risk of damaging their fetuses. Relatives and friends can be killed or injured in alcohol-related accidents and assaults.
When should someone seek help for alcoholism?
Individuals often hide their drinking or deny they have a problem. How can you tell if you or someone you know is in trouble? Signs of a possible problem include having friends or relatives express concern, being annoyed when people criticize your drinking, feeling guilty about your drinking and thinking that you should cut down but finding yourself unable to do so, and/or needing a morning drink to steady your nerves or relieve a hangover.
Some people with drinking problems work hard to resolve them, and often, with the support of family members and/or friends, these individuals are able to recover on their own. However, those with alcohol dependence usually can’t stop drinking through willpower alone. Many need outside help. They may need medically supervised detoxification to avoid potentially life-threatening withdrawal symptoms such as seizures. Once people are stabilized, they may need help resolving psychological issues associated with problem drinking.
There are several approaches available for treating alco-hol problems. No one approach is best for all individuals.
How can a psychologist help?
Psychologists who are trained and experienced in treating alcohol problems can be helpful in many ways. Before the drinker seeks assistance, a psychologist can guide the family or others in helping to increase the drinker’s motivation to change.
A psychologist can begin with the drinker by assessing the types and degrees of problems the drinker has experienced. The results of the assessment can offer initial guidance to the drinker about what treatment to seek and help motivate the problem drinker to get treatment. Individuals with drinking problems definitely improve their chances of recovery by seeking help early.
Using one or more of several types of psychological therapies, psychologists can help people address psychological issues involved in their problem drinking. A number of these therapies, including cognitive-behavioral coping skills treatment and motivational enhancement therapy, were developed by psychologists. Additional therapies include 12-Step facilitation approaches that assist those with drinking problems in using self-help programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). All three of these therapies–cognitive-behavioral coping skills treatment, motivational enhancement therapy, and 12-Step facilitation approaches–have demonstrated their effectiveness through well-designed, large-scale treatment trials. These therapies can help people boost their motivation to stop drinking, identify circumstances that trigger drinking, learn new methods to cope with high-risk drinking situations, and develop social support systems within their own communities.
Many individuals with alcohol problems suffer from other mental health conditions, such as severe anxiety and depression, at the same time. Psychologists can be very helpful for diagnosing and treating these “co-occurring” psychological conditions when they begin to create impairment. Further, a drinker in treatment may receive services from many health professionals, and a psychologist may play an important role in coordinating these services.
Psychologists can also provide marital, family, and group therapies, which often are helpful for repairing interpersonal relationships and for long-term success in resolving problem drinking. Family relationships influence drinking behavior, and these relationships often change during an individual’s recovery. The psychologist can help the drinker and significant others navigate these complex transitions, help families understand problem drinking and learn how to support family members in recovery, and refer family members to self-help groups such as Al-Anon and Alateen.
Because a person may experience one or more relapses and return to problem drinking, it can be crucial to have an appropriate health professional such as a trusted psychologist with whom that person can discuss and learn from these events. If the drinker is unable to resolve alcohol problems fully, a psychologist can help with reducing alcohol use and minimizing problems.
Psychologists can also provide referrals to self-help groups. Even after formal treatment ends, many people seek additional support through continued involvement in such groups.
Alcohol-related disorders severely impair functioning and health. But the prospects for successful long-term problem resolution are good for people who seek help from appropriate sources. Psychologists are applying the substantial knowledge they have to help people resolve alcohol problems, and they are working to make treatment services available wherever needed.
Article courtesy of the American Psychological Association. Copyright © American Psychological Association. Reprinted here with permission.
Association, A. (2016). A Brief Overview of Alcoholism. Psych Central. Retrieved on January 18, 2017, from http://psychcentral.com/lib/a-brief-overview-of-alcoholism/ | <urn:uuid:61db1b88-464e-4a68-a868-23a8d0b8725d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://psychcentral.com/lib/a-brief-overview-of-alcoholism/?all=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00074-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954335 | 1,879 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Christmas of 1868 finds the six Eunson children orphans. The eldest, Robbie, must fulfill the promise he made to his dying mother and find homes for his five siblings.
A touching account of the struggles of a 19th century Wisconsin family. On December 23rd, Mamie Eunson summons young Robbie to her bedside and charges him with finding good homes for his five younger siblings. Early Christmas morning Robbie sets out and, with the help of his brothers, fulfills his promise. The story is a tender and well written must read.
- Author: Dale Eunson
- Publisher: Ballantine Books (November 13, 1991)
- Reading Age: Ages 9+
- Mass Market Paperback 81 pages
What You Need to Know
- Role Models/Authority Figures – Robbie’s parents, Robert and Mamie Eunson, run a firm but loving household. When Robert dies, twelve-year-old Robbie steps in as “man of the household.” Throughout the second half of the book, families lovingly take in the five Eunson children.
- Violence – At age two, Robbie beats up the three-year old boy, John Bradley, who lives across the street. When Mr. Bradley storms over the Eunson household, Robert swings at him, and knocks him out. Robert Eunson dies of diphtheria, “on the fourth night of his illness he choked to death.” (28) Mamie Eunson contract typhoid and dies. The scenes are startling in their brevity. Just before going their separate ways, Robbie and Jimmie fight. “They didn’t know why they had fought, but they were glad they had. For a few moments, they were small boys again, small boys who had fought for the reasons small boys fight. The scuffle had cleared the air and momentarily eased their burden.” (68-69)
- Sexual Content – None
- Language – “Jeezlum God,” he’d say (his profanity was constant, picturesque, and strangely innocent)” (3), “hell’s fire” (4), damned (12)
- Consumerism – None.
- Drinking/Smoking/Drugs – We learn Kirk, later in life “takes to drink.”
- Religion – “He kept saying”By God!” over and over again, not like a curse, but as if it were by God’s grace that the child had survived.” (26)
- Other – This is a true story written by Robbie Eunson’s son, Dale. The movie “All Mine to Give” (1957) is loosely based on this book. | <urn:uuid:2fbeed74-142e-424b-b765-82e4ad6efa36> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.catholicsensemedia.org/tag/dale-eunson/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00007-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968566 | 586 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Characteristic features of Japanese art that Bertha Lum incorporated in this landscape include the strong diagonal composition, dramatic leap from foreground to background, and theme of weather conditions. She also adopted traditional Japanese printing techniques, often employing native craftsmen to assist her. For instance, the hand-painting of the woodblocks (different blocks would be used for different colors) create subtle gradations of hue—particularly noticeable in the sky and sea—and a unique impression for each print.
Color woodcut on cream, thin, Japanese wove paper
Sheet: 11 1/2 x 6 1/2 in. (29.2 x 16.5 cm)
Image: 11 x 6 5/16 in. (27.9 x 16 cm) (show scale)
Inscription: in pencil, bottom edge: "Copyright 1908 by / Bertha Lum"; "No / 190"
Signed along bottom edge in pencil, "Copyright 1908 by / Bertha Lum / No / 1[9?]0"
From Catalog Sheet: Signed, "Copyright 1908 by" in margin, "Bertha Lum" in lower center of composition
This item is not on view
Gift of the Achenbach Foundation for Graphic Arts
© Estate of Bertha Lum
The Brooklyn Museum holds a non-exclusive license to reproduce images of this work of art from the rights holder named here.
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Bertha Lum (American, 1879-1954). Rain, 1908. Color woodcut on cream, thin, Japanese wove paper, Sheet: 11 1/2 x 6 1/2 in. (29.2 x 16.5 cm). Brooklyn Museum, Gift of the Achenbach Foundation for Graphic Arts, 63.108.2. © artist or artist's estate (Photo: Brooklyn Museum, 63.108.2_PS1.jpg)
overall, 63.108.2_PS1.jpg. Brooklyn Museum photograph
"CUR" at the beginning of an image file name means that the image was created by a curatorial staff member. These study images may be digital point-and-shoot photographs, when we don\'t yet have high-quality studio photography, or they may be scans of older negatives, slides, or photographic prints, providing historical documentation of the object.
Not every record you will find here is complete. More information is available for some works than for others, and some entries have been updated more recently. Records are frequently reviewed and revised, and we welcome
any additional information you might have. | <urn:uuid:dc64ab2a-599b-45d9-bdca-6c7a4057416e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/1218 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00064-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.88758 | 715 | 3.125 | 3 |
Complacency can happen even to the best of us. During times of adversity, the dangers of complacency are obvious and so we are alert and on our toes to survive. But it is the times of success and the period of ease that follows, which can become our undoing. In theory, we are aware of the dangers of complacency. We know that we must not let our guard down. Heck, we even know that security is an illusion. But still, we fall prey to complacency at the worst possible times. How then do we manage complacency during a time of success and ease?
How to Manage Complacency
Impermanence is the way of life. Nothing lasts forever and everything will change with time. To manage complacency well, this awareness is important. All we really have in life is moments. If we do not make full use of these moments, we will regret it later. On the one hand, we must remember what is important and spend time with our loved ones. On the other hand, we must not forget that only prudent planning, preparation and action will ensure our survival amidst change.
2. A Purposeful Life
As I mentioned in my previous article, success is a time of deliverance. Tensions and complications ease because you have attained your goal and there is no longer any need to struggle. While you have earned the right to enjoy the fruits of your labour, you must take care not to overindulge. It would not do to get too used to a life of prolonged ease. Under such circumstances, sloth is likely set in and before you know it, it will be very hard for you to respond to change.
Instead, it would be more prudent to set another goal or find another purpose or direction in your life. Life without purpose is devoid of meaning. So create a goal that gives your life a new direction. Have a strong reason to live fully and press forward. By doing so, you will be less inclined to be complacent.
3. Constant Growth and Development
One result of change is constant growth and development. Every day brings new discoveries, ideas and innovations. What was impossible the day before is possible today. And who knows what will be possible tomorrow? Given this reality, there really is no room for complacency. It is a harsh fact but unless we commit to constant improvement, the world will leave us behind. Our skills and knowledge will become inadequate to deal with change in a changing world.
The good thing is that each new idea or skill we learn stretches and forces us out of our comfort zone. This is a great way to avoid being complacent. Meanwhile, as we grow, we have more options to deal with change as needed.
4. Keeping Abreast of Relevant Changes
One look at the world today and you will see massive changes that will have wide-ranging implications on us all. There is the Arab Spring in the Middle East and North Africa. Meanwhile, Japan is still struggling with its nuclear crisis. Over in Europe, the governments are trying to resolve the Euro crisis. Even if we do not live in the affected areas, each of these events changes the world, as we know it. Directly or indirectly, these events affect our lives.
The point is we cannot afford to remain in our comfort zones or ivory towers today. Security is an illusion. Just because we are unaware of a crisis does not mean we will be safe from its effects. Therefore, we must keep abreast of the relevant changes that can affect us. Only by doing so can we hope to avoid complacency and to manage change well.
5. Planning and Preparation
Staying informed is not enough. It is vital to use that knowledge to take action and pre-empt changes where possible. Your life and the lives of those who depend on you are too valuable to leave to chance. The measures taken involve a realistic assessment of worst-case scenarios followed by measures taken to manage them. In some cases, it might involve emotional measures in the form of support groups. It is vital to having a strong support group to rely on in a time of crisis. In other cases, it may involve spiritual measures to manage adversity. Having spiritual strength gives you the will to endure and to press on when the going is hardest. Or it could even be learning new skills to manage specific changes that arise in a changing world.
But a vital part of these measures may involve money needed to weather a crisis. If you have enough funds to protect your family in a time of crisis, that is well and good. If not, you might want to consider outsourcing this risk to protect your loved ones.
Done well, you need only review your preparations from time to time to adjust them as needed. This is the way to ensure your plans stay relevant in a changing world. Change does not happen overnight. There are always ample signs of warning if we take the trouble to pay attention. If you remain alert and watchful, you will be able to weather changes better than most.
6. Discipline and Vigilance
Success is often a dangerous time. When success is likely, it is tempting to relax your guard and slacken. But such an attitude risks stealing defeat from the jaws of victory. For all it takes is a fatal slip to undo your hard work. The dangers that follow success during the subsequent period of ease are more subtle. They can even cause you to lose your edge if you do not manage it well. This only serves to make you vulnerable to change. Here, discipline and vigilance is vital to dealing with complacency.
Not all choices and actions in life are good for you and me. Overindulgence for example, only leads to needless problems. If we do not learn to master our passions and desires, we will become their slaves. Discipline is therefore vital to good living. For only then will we be free and prepared for change.
Discipline and vigilance is well and good. But it is not possible to be on high alert all the time. Too much discipline can lead to rigidity, which makes it difficult to manage change. Yet we should not swing to the other end of the spectrum and let ourselves go. When the situation calls for quick thinking and action, we may find that we lack the firmness needed to respond.
Because either extreme is harmful, the key is balance. A good example would be earthquake prone Japan. Its people prepare for earthquakes and practices drills during peacetime. If an earthquake strikes, they are prepared. If not, they carry on living their lives. This is the way to avoid complacency. During times of ease, we take measures to prepare for unexpected changes, but we still go on living our lives.
Despite knowing all of the above ways to manage complacency, I still experience slips from time to time. But this is ok. What is important is that I have plans in place to manage, safety nets to catch me when I fall. And if I do slip, it is just a matter of returning to my discipline and vigilance once more.
What other ways can you think of to manage complacency? Do share your thoughts and comments below! | <urn:uuid:c35a6a63-b7f1-48f0-8ead-3aee054d2353> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://hanofharmony.com/how-to-manage-complacency/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719784.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00426-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955171 | 1,477 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Flooding triggered by a powerful storm has overwhelmed the Sicilian city of Catania, killing at least two people.
Fierce storms battered southern Italy for a third day on Tuesday, leaving roads completely submerged in parts of the island of Sicily.
Dramatic video from Catania showed water gushing through the streets as floods engulfed the city.
Forecasters say eastern Sicily is being hit by a rare Mediterranean hurricane, known as a Medicane.
Italy’s Department for Civil Protection issued its most severe weather warning for parts of Sicily and neighbouring Calabria on Tuesday.
The agency warned of potential risk to life and damage to property from heavy rain, thunderstorms and gale force winds in those areas.
Scientists say climate change caused by human activity is making extreme weather events more frequent and intense.
The mayor of Catania, Salvo Pogliese, said eastern parts of Sicily were experiencing exceptional weather events “unprecedented” in their intensity.
Citing the “seriousness of the situation”, the mayor ordered the closure of all businesses in Catania except essential services until midnight on Tuesday.
“I urge the entire population to not leave home except for emergency reasons, because roads are overrun by water,” the mayor posted on Facebook.
Italian media reported the death of a 53-year-old man who was found under a car after torrential rains swept through the town of Gravina, north of Catania.
The deaths comes after the body of a 67-year-old man was found on Monday. Rescuers are still searching for his 54-year-old wife, who was swept away along with her husband by flood waters in the town of Scordia, also near Catania, on Sunday.
The rain has deluged historic parts of Catania, turning its Via Etnea high street into a river and its squares into lakes.
A blackout has left homes and businesses without electricity, while schools have been closed in the city and nearby towns.
The La Repubblica newspaper said flooding forced the evacuation of some buildings belonging to Catania’s Garibaldi hospital.
“The emergency situation is widespread and extremely critical and it does not seem to be improving,” a spokesman for the fire service told Reuters news agency.
Italian weather website iLMeteo said the storm was expected to gradually worsen throughout the week, bringing more heavy rains and flooding on Thursday and Friday. -Reuters | <urn:uuid:04a5e337-4608-41e7-acec-b68a1c3c2a3f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/2-dead-as-storm-floods-streets-of-sicilian-city/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.974732 | 511 | 1.953125 | 2 |
With temperatures set to soar, a level 2 health alert has been issued by the Met Office. The alert is triggered when there is a high chance that temperatures will reach between 82F (28C) and 89F (32C) over two consecutive days and not dip below 59F (15C) at night.
The alert was issued earlier this week (16th July) with the heatwave period expected to begin this evening (Thursday 17th July). Temperatures are forecast to climb above 86F (30C) on Friday with fresher weather coming in from Saturday.
Public Health England (PHE) has issued urgent advice, warning people to turn off non-essential lights and electrical items; open windows during the night and to drink plenty of water and cold drinks to avoid dehydration.
Older people’s bodies in particular are often unable to adjust to sudden changes in temperature, which makes them more susceptible to heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Doctors have warned that hot nights are particularly dangerous for the elderly as it is more difficult for their bodies to recover from heat stress caused during hot days.
With this in mind, here are a few tips on how to stay safe:
- Avoid the hottest times of the day (between 11am – 3pm) – if you do need to venture out make sure you aren’t outside for long periods of time and find shady spots when you can.
- Keep hydrated – even if you’re not thirsty it’s important to drink plenty of water or fruit juice to replace fluids lost during sweating. Avoid caffeine or alcohol which increase dehydration.
- Think lightweight – choose clothing which is loose, lightweight, light coloured and breathable, such as a white linen or cotton shirt.
- Cool down – take cool showers and baths when possible. If you’re out and about, use a cotton hankie soaked in cool water and place it on the back of your neck and on your wrists.
- Cover up – in addition to wearing cooler clothing it’s also important to remember a hat. No matter whether it’s a cotton baseball cap or a straw boater, headwear will help to keep your face in the shade.
- Pick the perfect spot – seek out the coolest areas of your home during warmer weather. Keep curtains and blinds closed to prevent sun heating up rooms, especially your bedroom.
- If safe, leave windows open during the night. | <urn:uuid:f04d22c0-721e-412b-bae4-a939b2175367> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.homeinstead.co.uk/reading/news-events/heat-wave-advice/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.949799 | 502 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Each family goes through different stages during their time together, and each stage will be difficult or stressful in some way. After leaving home, most adults will pair off in couple relationships and eventually have children. These couples, along with their families, will then have to adjust to life with small children and teenagers. When these children leave home, the couples will be often be faced with more challenges, and they will often begin to get reacquainted with each other as romantic partners. The aging parents will then typically start dealing with health problems, retirement, and possibly family deaths.
The beginning stages of family life are commonly believed to begin when adult children leave home. During this time, they will be armed with knowledge and beliefs from their schools and parents. Some of them will go to college, and some will begin to support themselves. They will truly begin to recognize themselves as individuals at this time.
Relationships and coupling are the next stages of family life. Typically, two adults will find each other and become what is commonly referred to as a couple. Generally, they will be committed to each other, and begin to experience the joys and comfort of a serious intimate relationship. Some will also experience heartache, while others will go on to the next stages of family life.
Marriage is traditionally considered to be the next stage of family life. Today, however, it is typically considered perfectly acceptable for a couple to cohabitate, or live together, for a period of time. This is typically the preferred choice of gay or lesbian couples. Whichever option is chosen, the families of the two individuals are often joined together in one large extended family.
As the stages of family life continue, the couple will often decide to have children. If this can not be done naturally, adoption may be considered. After the children arrive, the parents will begin to face new challenges, including financial worries and self-doubt. Many times, however, the joys of being a parent will cancel out most negative feelings. Grandparents will also find themselves trying to adjust to their new roles.
As the children grow older, they will begin to face new challenges along with their parents. The teenage years are often considered one of the more turbulent stages of family life. Hormones and puberty must be dealt with, for instance. Children will often find themselves changing physically and emotionally. Peer relationships will also change, which can be extremely difficult for some.
Eventually, most teenagers will leave home, just as their parents did years before. Some parents will find this situation to be very difficult, and it is sometimes referred to as the “empty nest syndrome.” On the other hand, some parents adjust very well. During this time, they are often able to rediscover their partners romantically. They can also spend more time focusing on their careers.
As they grow older, parents will often be faced with a number of challenges. They may be faced with retirement, for instance, or the deaths of their own parents. Many will also face becoming grandparents for the first time, which can be quite a shock for some. Health issues will also begin to pop up for many.
Menopause, high blood pressure, weight gain, and arthritis are some of the health problems that older people may face. The aging parents are not usually the only ones affected by these health issues. The older children, who are also nearing the later stages of family life, may be faced with the financial and physical demands of caring for their aging parents until their deaths. | <urn:uuid:ca1acf42-4820-4eb0-8c77-e47350bb82dc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wisegeek.net/what-are-the-stages-of-family-life.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.980662 | 715 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Jennie Taer, DCNF
The number of migrants encountered at the southern border in January nearly doubled that of January 2021, when President Joe Biden took office, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) reported Friday.
“CBP’s January Monthly Operational Update shows migratory flows decreased in January, with CBP personnel encountering 14 percent fewer individuals along the Southwest border than December. Most encounters in January were of single adults and a majority were expelled under Title 42,” CBP Commissioner Chris Magnus said in the press release.
“Overall illegal narcotic seizures decreased, though there was a substantial increase of fentanyl interdictions. CBP continues to take important steps to improve our ability to interdict narcotics and keep dangerous drugs off our streets,” Magnus said.
CBP noted that the number of expulsions during the pandemic caused many migrants to attempt to cross into the U.S. multiple times. Out of the total encounters, CBP encountered 111,437 new migrants who hadn’t previously attempted to cross, an 18% decrease from December 2021.
Compared to December, encounters in January represented a 14% decrease. And of the total January encounters, 26% had at least one previous CBP interaction in the last year.
Single adults constituted 73% of the migrants encountered in January, and agents encountered just 8,777 unaccompanied children, a 26% decrease from December. Border agents also encountered 31,795 family unit individuals, a 39% decrease from December.
A total of 78,486 migrants were processed for expulsion under the Title 42 public health order, and 75,455 were processed under Title 8.
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Alachua company lands DOD contract worth up to $360M
Published: Friday, March 22, 2013 at 5:15 p.m.
Last Modified: Friday, March 22, 2013 at 11:45 p.m.
An Alachua-based biotech company has landed a Department of Defense contract that could be worth as much as $360 million over 10 years to develop manufacturing processes for drugs to treat bioterrorism and radiological threats.
Nanotherapeutics plans to build a $150 million, 145,000-square-foot expansion and add as many as 150 new employees with an average salary of $90,000 as a result of the contract, according to a 2012 application for tax rebates.
Company officials could not be reached for comment Friday.
Nanotherapeutics currently has 45 employees at an office in Progress Corporate Park in Alachua.
The University of Florida Foundation was working with the company to build its new manufacturing facility in a 280-acre corporate park established last year on farmland adjacent to Progress Corporate Park.
Nanotherapeutics received the award Wednesday and announced it on its website Friday.
The base contract is for $135.8 million and two years with options up to 10 years and $358.9 million.
According to bid documents, the company will conduct research and development on faster, cheaper and more effective ways to treat against chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear attacks, and outbreaks of naturally occurring and genetically engineered infectious diseases.
The company already has a history of work on defense and other federal grants and contracts totaling millions of dollars to develop protections and treatments for bioterror and radiological threats, among other work.
James Talton founded the company in 2000 as Nanocoat Technologies in the UF Sid Martin Biotechnology Incubator in Alachua, changing the name to Nanotherapeutics in 2002.
The company uses tiny, nanometer-scale particle technology to make new drugs and to make existing drugs more effective, including oral, inhaled and injectable drugs, and topical gels and creams.
In July, the Alachua County Commission and Alachua City Commission approved tax rebates of as much as $105,000 each as a match to a $1.05 million rebate, with the rest coming from the state, in anticipation of the defense contract. The total rebate amount is based on the number of jobs created up to 150.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged. | <urn:uuid:df324bd5-4cf4-4860-af31-858f624bf2fc> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.gatorsports.com/article/20130322/ARTICLES/130329813/0/[email protected] | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721558.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00046-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950156 | 534 | 1.53125 | 2 |
The CNSC's Hearing Process
Hi, my name is Aurèle
and I work at the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
or the CNSC for short.
If a company wants to build, change,
operate or decommission a nuclear facility in Canada,
it must Officially submit a licence application to the CNSC.
Applications are then reviewed by CNSC staff
who make recommendations to the Commission -
an independent tribunal that makes informed, transparent
decisions on the licensing of major nuclear facilities
and nuclear-related activities.
Many factors, such as the project's safety and design
as well as any potential environmental or health impacts,
are taken into consideration.
For major nuclear facilities, a public hearing is usually held.
When you imagine a hearing, think of a court-like setting
with evidence being presented and questions being asked.
To inform the public that a hearing will take place,
the CNSC posts a Notice about it on its website.
The notice contains details about the hearing
and information on how the public can participate.
The CNSC also places ads in local newspapers
to inform the public of the upcoming hearing.
To participate, you can fill out an online form,
send us an email or contact us by phone.
Submit your comments in writing by the advertised deadline,
explaining how you are affected by the activity or project
and what information or expertise you have
that will help the Commission in making its decision.
You may also have the possibility of making an oral
presentation during the hearing,
based on the key points of your written comments.
The information you submit is available to the public.
Public hearings are also webcast live as they happen,
and are later posted to our website.
Financial assistance may be available for intervenors
through the CNSC's Participant Funding Program.
Once the public hearing has adjourned,
the Commission reviews all information presented to it
before making a decision whether to issue or amend a license.
If the Commission grants a license,
CNSC staff conducts inspections, audits
and uses other tools to make sure all conditions
contained in the license are met.
For more information,
please visit us online.
Visit the CNSC's YouTube Channel. Check out the CNSC videos explaining the nuclear sector in Canada, and how it remains safe through our regulations. You can explore our "Ask an Expert" video playlists, or catch up on past Commission hearings and meeting presentations.
- Date modified: | <urn:uuid:1e1aff2f-a255-4257-8f7f-b8359d1a767b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.suretenucleaire.gc.ca/eng/resources/videos/player/index.cfm?videoid=cnsc-hearing-process | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.917248 | 529 | 2.265625 | 2 |
The Hand That Feeds trailer from Robin Blotnick, a film on reforming the food system by organizing from the ground up for fair wages, fair working conditions, and collective bargaining rights. This is a rare story in which workers, with tenacity beyond imagination, are actually able to defeat the giant. It is also a good reminder that food justice work in the United Staes should be inherently intertwined with immigration reform.
On March 14th, farmers and neighbors of the historic Gill Tract turned out in large numbers to disrupt business as usual and eventually shutdown a local Sprouts supermarket. Their message to this corporate supermarket chain? “Don’t build a Sprouts ‘Farmer’s Market’ on our historic Gill Tract Farmland”.
A crowd of 100-150 protesters, including a brass band, “occupy the farm” activists, and a large delegation of workers from the Fast Food Workers Union converged on a normally quiet Sprouts Supermarket in suburban Walnut Creek. Protesters held a sit-in to block the main entrance to the store, rallying around a 600 pound stump they had set down in the entranceway. The stump came from an approximately hundred year old Gill Tract tree that had been recently cut down by contractors preparing to pave the Gill Tract for the construction of the Sprouts store. Meanwhile, at the the other set of doors, protesters bearing branches from felled Gill Tract trees held a robust picket line turning away many would be customers.
On May 25, activists around the world will unite to March Against Monsanto.
Why do we march?
- Research studies have shown that Monsanto’s genetically-modified foods can lead to serious health conditions such as the development of cancer tumors, infertility and birth defects.
- In the United States, the FDA, the agency tasked with ensuring food safety for the population, is steered by ex-Monsanto executives, and we feel that’s a questionable conflict of interests and explains the lack of government-lead research on the long-term effects of GMO products.
- Recently, the U.S. Congress and president collectively passed the nicknamed “Monsanto Protection Act” that, among other things, bans courts from halting the sale of Monsanto’s genetically-modified seeds.
- For too long, Monsanto has been the benefactor of corporate subsidies and political favoritism. Organic and small farmers suffer losses while Monsanto continues to forge its monopoly over the world’s food supply, including exclusive patenting rights over seeds and genetic makeup.
- Monsanto’s GMO seeds are harmful to the environment; for example, scientists have indicated they have caused colony collapse among the world’s bee population.
More info HERE
Occupy the Farm announces Spring action
When: Saturday, May 11th at noon
Where: Albany City Hall – corner of San Pablo and Marin
On May 11th, farmers, students and concerned Albany citizens will re-establish the Gill Tract as a productive urban farm, putting the public land to public use. Last week, UC Berkeley announced that it will proceed with plans to pave over and build on this historic farmland. Despite 15 years of local resistance, the university continues to push for a chain grocery store and commercial retail space on the Gill Tract, highlighting the urgent need for community action.
In April 2012, the organization Occupy the Farm planted a publicly-accessible farm on the Gill Tract, winning temporary protection for a portion of the land. This most recent development proposal makes it clear that the Tract is still under threat.
On Friday November 16, 2012, the University of California (UC) razed all of the publicly planted crops on the Gill Tract.
Occupy the Farm is disappointed that the UC has unneccessarily destroyed the hard work of the community and food that could have fed it. Over the course of the last month, members of the public sowed edible winter greens together with fava beans, a popular and effective cover crop. Had the UC left these in place, the Gill Tract would have benefited from the necessary nutrient building over the course of the winter, and would have produced food for the community. The weekly distribution and harvest events could have continued that, over the course of the summer and early fall, have yielded over one ton of food from the crops planted during the occupation last Spring. This free food was distributed locally in Albany, Berkeley, Richmond and Oakland at pop-up farm stands organized by Occupy the Farm. Continue reading | <urn:uuid:83449a3e-da5e-4aaf-9d3c-32153900487b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://thegreenhorns.wordpress.com/tag/occupy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719079.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00035-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945486 | 928 | 2.75 | 3 |
- Human Resource Management
- public information
By the initiative of the Ministry of Education and Science of Georgia, the pupils from the different regions of Georgia spend their holidays at Kachreti Vocational College “Aisi” and simultaneously learn various professions.
The summer camp program includes film shooting, familiarity with the nature of the storyline, teaching of editing, photography workshops, culinary and wine bottling technologies. The pupils are also involved in various intellectual, sports activities and team games. Outdoor movies are screened, etc.
The summer camp was opened on July 10 at Kachreti Vocational College, and it is one of seven locations that will receive 1,500 beneficiaries (150 pupils per stream) in July-September, 2017.
With the state funding, up to 60 streams, in total 11 000 school pupils will spend holiday during summer this year. | <urn:uuid:f2608ef8-ac1f-43a3-bfa8-76acd1583cd6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mes.gov.ge/content.php?id=7503&lang=eng | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.955118 | 197 | 1.726563 | 2 |
HYPOTHESIS AND THEORY article
Human Occupation of the North American Colorado Plateau ∼37,000 Years Ago
- 1High-Resolution X-Ray Computed Tomography Facility, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- 2Vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- 3Stafford Research, LLC, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- 4Museum of Paleontology, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- 5Laboratory for Proteome Analysis and Protein Characterization, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- 6The Gault School of Archaeological Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
Calibrating human population dispersals across Earth’s surface is fundamental to assessing rates and timing of anthropogenic impacts and distinguishing ecological phenomena influenced by humans from those that were not. Here, we describe the Hartley mammoth locality, which dates to 38,900–36,250 cal BP by AMS 14C analysis of hydroxyproline from bone collagen. We accept the standard view that elaborate stone technology of the Eurasian Upper Paleolithic was introduced into the Americas by arrival of the Native American clade ∼16,000 cal BP. It follows that if older cultural sites exist in the Americas, they might only be diagnosed using nuanced taphonomic approaches. We employed computed tomography (CT and μCT) and other state-of-the-art methods that had not previously been applied to investigating ancient American sites. This revealed multiple lines of taphonomic evidence suggesting that two mammoths were butchered using expedient lithic and bone technology, along with evidence diagnostic of controlled (domestic) fire. That this may be an ancient cultural site is corroborated by independent genetic evidence of two founding populations for humans in the Americas, which has already raised the possibility of a dispersal into the Americas by people of East Asian ancestry that preceded the Native American clade by millennia. The Hartley mammoth locality thus provides a new deep point of chronologic reference for occupation of the Americas and the attainment by humans of a near-global distribution.
Recognizing early human occupation sites in the Americas traditionally rests on discovery of in situ, elaborately worked stone tools (Meltzer, 2009, 2015). The origins of this technology trace back to the ‘Upper Paleolithic revolution’ in Western Europe ∼45,000 years ago (Bar-Yosef, 2002). Elaborate, stylized stone tools then spread from Western Europe into central Asia and Siberia and were later introduced into the Americas by ancestors of the Native American clade ∼16,000 cal BP (Meltzer, 2009; Waters, 2019). The oldest evidence of Upper Paleolithic stone technology in the Americas is generally equated with arrival of the first humans. However, genomic evidence for two founding populations in the Americas raises the possibility of two separate human dispersals, the first preceding arrival of Native Americans by millennia (Raghavan et al., 2014; Skoglund et al., 2015; Reich, 2018). If true, the first arrival of humans was an event entirely separate from the introduction of Upper Paleolithic technology into the Americas. If humans who lacked elaborate stone tools occupied the Americas long before arrival of the Native American clade, how might we diagnose these older occupations in the archeological record?
The Hartley locality is an open-air site on the Colorado Plateau in northern New Mexico, perched 1970 meters (m) above mean sea level on a slump block high on the wall of Rio Puerco canyon (Figures 1, 2). It was discovered by Mr. Gary Hartley, who was hiking a game trail connecting the high grassy plain of La Joya del Pedrigal to riparian habitat along Rio Puerco, ∼90 m below (Supplementary Figure 1). A tusk was visible eroding through the surface of a wedge of colluvial sediments filling a narrow catchment trough along the top of the slump block. The tusk pointed toward three ribs and a broken dentary also eroding through the colluvial surface. A heavily reworked obsidian Clovis projectile point, and scattered lithic debitage of Pedernal chert and obsidian were exposed on the surface within a few meters of the tusk. Preliminary excavation indicated more bones were buried in the sediment wedge.
Figure 1. Hartley mammoth excavation. (A,B) Uppermost part of main bone accumulation. (C) Diagram of bone-bearing sediment wedge (not to scale). (D) Schematic of Toreva block landslides. (E) Cross-section of Rio Puerco canyon. C, sandstone cobbles; R, rib; Tl, left tusk; Tr, right tusk; Fr, frontal; V, thoracic vertebra; white star, 23.7 kg hammerstone/anvil.
Figure 2. Main bone accumulation, following removal of adult face. (Photogrammetry images). (A) Overhead view. (B) Oblique view. (C) Bi-directional rose diagram showing random orientation of 40 elongate elements exposed; see text for explanation. Cr, calf ribs; Ct, calf tibia; Di, adult cranial diplöe; M2, adult upper second molar; R1, adult first rib; V, adult thoracic vertebra; Sty, adult stylohyoid; white star, 23.7 kg hammerstone/anvil.
In situ associations between diagnostic Clovis projectile points and mammoths are well-known (Frison and Todd, 1986; Waters and Stafford, 2007; Hannus, 2018), and the Hartley locality initially presented itself as a possible Clovis butchery site (Huckell et al., 2016). However, surface accumulations can be mixed and time-averaged (Kowalewski et al., 1998), so the lithic accumulation might not be coeval with the buried mammoth bones. To test the association and investigate site formation processes, two seasons of hand excavation (∼7 m3) focused on the region between and below the exposed tusk and ribs. This revealed disarticulated, intermingled partial skeletons of a young-adult female mammoth (Figure 3) and a young calf (Supplementary Figure 2), mostly piled in a meter-thick concentration of broken bones and fist-sized cobbles, with the adult face and tusks stacked on top (Supplementary Information).
Figure 3. Recovered parts of adult mammoth. Numbers refer to cataloged bones with the prefix TMM 47004-1.X.
The more obvious features of the bone assemblage suggested this was a butchery site. However, six AMS 14C dates on the adult mammoth bone collagen yielded ages ranging from 38,900 to 32,300 cal BP (Table 1 and Figures 4, 5). These dates are far too old to be cultural according to prevailing archeological views (e.g., Meltzer, 2009; Waters, 2019). However, they lie within the time range hypothesized by genomic evidence, which projects a human presence in the Americas as early as 56,000 years ago (Wohns et al., 2022). The dates also suggest the lithic debris on the colluvial surface was most likely a time-averaged assemblage that accumulated long after the mammoth bones were broken and buried, leaving open the question of whether the mammoth bones reflected cultural activity. The only lithic evidence recovered from excavating the Hartley site consisted of six chert microflakes found in lower levels of the excavation. Although they preserve evidence of percussion flaking (below), taphonomic analysis of the bone assemblage and surrounding sediments soon became the primary basis for elucidating site formation.
Figure 5. Calibration of 14C measurement on hydroxyproline from Hartley mammoth bone collagen: 32,750 ± 430 RC yr BP (OxA-X-2737-65) OxCal v4.4.4; atmospheric data from Reimer (2020).
We used established techniques (Shipman, 1981; Behrensmeyer and Hill, 1988; Haynes et al., 2020), plus state-of-the-art methods that had not previously been applied to investigating ancient American sites. These include high-resolution computed tomography (HRXCT and μCT) (Carlson et al., 2003; Rowe and Frank, 2011; Frank et al., 2021), proteomic analysis of the mammoth bone collagen, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and petrographic analysis of microparticles from the matrix. These new methods significantly expanded the range of criteria for site interpretation. Our analyses revealed diagnostic evidence of diverse human activities including systematic, highly patterned bone breakage and secondary bone flake production, pyrogenic residues indicative of a controlled (domestic) fire, and utilization of regional vertebrate microfauna. The independent lines of evidence described below support recognition of this as a cultural site.
AMS 14C Measurements on Hartley Mammoth Bone
Bones and teeth with unique scientific importance should be dated not only multiple times, but should have direct 14C measured on different chemical fractions to assess how chemical purification removes exogenous contaminants (Stafford et al., 1991; Stafford, 2014; Waters et al., 2014). The specimen selected was TMM 47004-1.40 (Stafford Research [SR] sample no. 9067), a thick adult cortical bone fragment that we identified as a butterfly fragment (below), from either an ulna or tibia (Figure 6F). The bone was dateable because it was moderately well preserved chemically (Tables 1, 2 and Figures 4, 5); it yielded 2.6wt% of collagen, compared to 23wt% for modern bone (Schwarcz and Nahal, 2021). The sample also contained 0.4wt% nitrogen, compared to 4.5wt% in modern bone (Schwarcz and Nahal, 2021). The molecular weights of collagen fragments were in the >10 kDa range, with minimum and maximum values being 20 and 50 kDa, respectively. Dates were calibrated using OxCal 4.4, IntCal 20, Interface Build 133, Updated 24/11/2021, and calibrated at 2-sigma, 95.4%, and 3-sigma 99.7% probabilities (Reimer, 2020).
Figure 6. Photographs of modified bones of adult Hartley mammoth. (A) Anterior rib with depressed blunt force impact wound (TMM 47004-1.1). (B) Mid-thoracic rib showing large-gauge puncture wound to capitulum (TMM 47004-1.36). (C) Mid-thoracic rib with parallel chop marks (TMM 47004-1.37). (D,E) Rib butterfly fragments (TMM 47004-1.152 and 47004-1.201). (F) Butterfly fragment derived from ulna or tibia (TMM 47004-1.40). (G) Rib butterfly fragment (TMM 47004-1.8). (H) Dentary bone flake with two secondary flake scars (TMM 47004-1.215). (I) Distal rib in two views showing puncture in-filled with sediment (TMM 47004-1.163) (Supplementary Video 9).
Author TWS coordinated AMS 14C dating of the Hartley mammoth bone to determine the age of the mammoth remains. With exceptions as noted, TWS performed chemical purifications by combusting pretreated samples to carbon dioxide (CO2) and submitting 6 mm (outer diameter) fused quartz tubes of CO2 for graphitization and 14C measurement using three different AMS 14C facilities. One sample was sent to the University of Georgia Accelerator Mass Spectrometer Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory (UGAMS), and two samples were processed at the University of California, Irvine, Accelerator Mass Spectrometer (UCIAMS). TWS also sent subsamples of SR-9067 to the Oxford Radiocarbon Unit (ORAU; University of Oxford) for processing and dating by Dr. Lorena Becerra-Valdivia (OxA, below).
Our initial exploratory 14C measurement was on 0.45 μm-filtered gelatin from potassium hydroxide (KOH)-extracted collagen, and it yielded an age of 28,745 ± 86 RCYBP (UGAMS-A24643), equivalent to 33,700 – 32,300 cal BP. Extensive 14C and stable isotope analyses on the mammoth bone then followed.
A second 14C date was obtained using methods for chemical purification of bone collagen described by Stafford (2014) and Devièse et al. (2017, 2018a,2018b). Bone was crushed into ∼2–4 mm fragments and decalcified in 0.6M hydrochloric acid (HCl) at 4°C, washed with deionized (DI) water, extracted over 24 h with 0.01M KOH at 4°C, washed to neutrality, acidified with 0.05M HCl and the alkali-extracted collagen freeze-dried and weighed to obtain a weight percent yield relative to 23wt% for modern bone. Next, 20–25 mg of lyophilized collagen were heated in 0.05M HCl at 90°C until dissolution was complete, ∼20–30 min. The solution (gelatinized collagen) was passed through a 0.45 μm Millipore filter and freeze-dried. Finally, 15–20 mg of dry gelatin were heated at 110°C for 24 h in sealed Pyrex tubes to hydrolyze the gelatin to free amino acids. This hydrolyzate was passed through a column containing 1 cc of Restek XAD-2 resin, the eluate filtered through a 0.45 μm Millipore membrane and the XAD-purified hydrolyzate dried over a N2 stream at 40°C. Subsamples collected from each step were used for amino acid, δ13C, δ15N, and 14C analysis. The sample was graphitized at the UC Irvine AMS facility, and the resulting date on the XAD-2 purified fraction was 30,860 ± 220 RCYBP (UCIAMS-205817), equivalent to 35,750 – 34,600 cal BP.
A third date on ultrafiltered (>30 kDa) gelatin was processed at the UC-Irvine AMS facility using protocols described online in the following document: https://sites.uci.edu/keckams/files/2016/12/bone_protocol.pdf. It produced a measurement of 28,360 ± 230 RCYBP (UCIAMS-191867), equivalent to 33,250 – 31,750 cal BP.
Finally, a series of three dates on subsamples of SR-9067 were processed by Dr. Lorena Becerra-Valdivia at the Oxford AMS facility and included ages on 60–90 μm-filtered gelatin, ultrafiltered gelatin and the individual amino acid, hydroxyproline, using protocols described in Hedges and van Klinken (1992) and Devièse et al. (2017, 2018a,2018b). The first sample used pretreatment code (P-code) ‘AG,’ which is a routine procedure involving decalcification, base wash, reacidification, gelatinization, and filtration of bone using previously cleaned 9 ml Ezee-filters (Elkay, United Kingdom), following Brock et al. (2010). The result was 28,100 ± 350 RCYBP (OxA-36306), equivalent to 33,250 – 31,300 cal BP.
The second P-code, ‘AF,’ is another routine protocol that includes ultrafiltration (using Vivaspin 15–30 kDa MWCO) of the gelatin following Ezee filtration as described by Brock et al. (2010). The result obtained is 29,520 ± 340 RCYBP (OxA-36,358), equivalent to 34,650 – 33,200 cal BP.
The last protocol, P-code ‘NRC’ (non-routine chemistry), involves separation of underivatized amino acids from ultrafiltered, hydrolyzed collagen and isolation of hydroxyproline using a preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography (prep-HPLC) approach. A full description of this protocol, optimized at the ORAU, can be found in Devièse et al. (2017, 2018a,2018b). Collected collagen and hydroxyproline samples were dried, combusted, graphitized, and AMS-dated as described by Brock et al. (2010), and with HPLC carbon contribution corrections made per Devièse et al. (2018b). The result is 32,750 ± 430 RCYBP (OxA-X-2737-56), equivalent to 38,900 – 36,250 cal BP. These results show that the first five dates are in good agreement with each other, while the hydroxyproline measurement is older. Considering the NRC protocol to be more efficient than the other protocols for removing exogenous carbon from bone (collagen) samples (Rappsilber et al., 2007; He et al., 2015), the latter date (32,750 ± 430 RCYBP, equivalent to 38,900 – 36,250 cal BP), is considered the most robust age estimate for sample SR-9067.
Amino Acid and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Proteomic Analyses
To assess quantitatively the preservation and composition of the collagen isolated for AMS radiocarbon dating, JJE performed quantitative amino acid and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analyses on the adult mammoth bone, SR-9067 (Table 2). Amino acids were measured using the Biochrom 30+ high-performance liquid chromatography cation exchange system with ninhydrin detection. While atomic C/N values are commonly used to certify preservation quality of collagen (Schwarcz and Nahal, 2021), such analyses only indicate that the decalcified bone or dentin being analyzed does not contain a preponderance of non-proteinaceous material. Collagen is identified by its unique amino acid composition, which is 9% percent (or 90 residues/1000) hydroxyproline (HYP) and 33% (or 338 residues/1000) glycine (GLY) (Table 2). Mammoth bone SR-9067 was decalcified with two different reagents (0.6M HCl and 0.5M EDTA), and amino acid compositions were measured for those residues (Table 2). The results are values for slightly degraded collagen, where HYP values have decreased from a modern value of 9% (or 90 residues/1000) to the 5% (or 49 residues/1000) present in the Hartley mammoth collagen (Table 2). These diagenetic changes in fossil collagen’s amino acid composition are well documented (Stafford et al., 1991, Stafford, 2014) and involve proportional decreases in HPY and relative increases in aspartic and glutamic acids as overall collagen content decreases over time. All samples were desalted by micropurification using Empore SPE Disks of C18 octadecyl packed in 10 μl pipette tips. LC-MS/MS was performed using either an EASY-nLC 1000 system (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, United States) connected to a Q Exactive + Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, United States) through a Nanospray Flex Ion Source (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, United States) or an eksigent nanoLC 415 system (Sciex, Torrence, CA, United States) connected to a TripleTOF 6600 mass spectrometer (Sciex, Torrence, CA, United States) equipped with a NanoSpray III source (Sciex, Torrence, CA, United States). Peptides were dissolved in 0.1% formic acid, injected, trapped and desalted on a ReproSil-Pur C18-AQ trap column (2 cm × 100 μm inner diameter packed in-house with 3 μm resin; Dr. Marisch GmbH, Ammerbuch-Entringen, Germany). The peptides were eluted from the trap column and separated on a 15-cm analytical column (75 μm inner diameter) packed in-house in a pulled emitter with ReproSil-Pur C18-AQ 3 μm resin (Dr. Marisch GmbH, Ammerbuch-Entringen, Germany). Peptides were eluted using a flow rate of 250 nl/min and a 50 min gradient from 5 to 35% phase B (0.1% formic acid and 90% acetonitrile or 0.1% formic acid, 90% acetonitrile and 5% DMSO). The collected MS files were converted to Mascot generic format (MGF) using the SCIEX MS Data Converter beta 1.1 (Sciex, Torrence, CA, United States) or RawConverter (Stafford et al., 1991).
Computed Tomographic Scanning
All CT and μCT scanning was performed at the University of Texas High-Resolution X-ray Computed Tomography Facility (UTCT). Instrument specifications are detailed at: http://www.ctlab.geo.utexas.edu. See Supplementary Information for scan parameters for each specimen described in this report. CT images were processed and measurements were taken using Aviso 2019.3, VG Studio Max 2.1, and NIH Image J.
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy
Microparticles were mounted on SEM stubs and analyzed in backscatter mode using a Philips XL30 ESEM TMP scanning electron microscope, and a JEOL JSM6490 scanning electron microscope, using EDAX Genesis energy-dispersive X-ray analysis for elemental analysis.
Although extensively broken, the mammoth bones exhibit little evidence of weathering or hydrologic transport abrasion, and modest root etching. None of the bones exhibits tooth marks or other evidence of carnivore scavenging (Supplementary Information). The bones were buried by low-energy slope-wash in a colluvial matrix (Supplementary Information). CT and μCT revealed an anastomosing postmortem burrow in one vertebra that we interpret as termite-like insect activity. Occasional cicada burrows penetrated sediments around and inside the broken bones. Bone breakage from sediment loading is minor. We considered scavenging, trampling, and other non-anthropogenic agents in our assessment of site formation processes (Supplementary Information), but the likelihood is exceedingly small that these can account for the thorough, intensive, systematic and highly patterned bone breakage, or the stacking of the bone assemblage described below.
Main Bone Assemblage
The main bone assemblage was derived mostly (95%) from the adult skeleton (Figures 1–3 and Supplementary Videos 1–10). It included 44 broken cranial fragments, an intact upper right second molar (Supplementary Video 7) and 12 isolated tooth plates, 25 ribs broken into 52 fragments, 3 vertebrae and 15 vertebral fragments, 32 percussion-impact bone flakes, 9 ‘butterfly fragments’ (below), 20 unidentifiable bone fragments, and 267 bags (6 × 10 cm and 10 × 17 cm) of small ‘bone scraps’ (below). Only two refits were found (Supplementary Video 1). The adult’s face (tusks, premaxillae, and partial maxillae) is the single largest, heaviest element present and was positioned on top of the bone pile. It was sheared from the cranium at the nares, and its maxillary alveoli are broken and empty. The calf is represented by a partial left maxilla and dentary with intact dentitions (Supplementary Figure 2), three isolated tooth plates, left tibia diaphysis, and 10 rib fragments. This bone concentration occupied an area ∼1.5 m × ∼1.5 m; its excavated thickness, from the exposed tusk tip, is 1.1 m. It included numerous locally derived rounded sandstone cobbles weighing up to 3 kg. In the midst of the pile, lying on top of four broken ribs, was a 23.7 kg boulder interpreted as a hammerstone and/or anvil (Figures 1, 2). The long axes of rib fragments and elongate bone fragments (n = 40) were mapped from photogrammetry images (Figures 2A,B) and subjected to Rao’s spacing test (p > 0.1), Kuiper’s test (p > 0.15), Rayleigh’s test (p = 0.927), and Watson’s test (p > 0). In each test, they failed to falsify the hypothesis of uniformity in orientation relative to the catchment channel axis (Figure 2C).
Most (88%) of the larger (>5 cm) bones and bone fragments in the main accumulation were buried in the lower two-thirds of the excavation, more than 35 cm below the modern colluvial surface. Every bone displays perimortem damage, save the adult right stylohyoid (Supplementary Video 10), which lay near the excavation floor. Two adult vertebral epiphyses remained in articulation with each other but were separated from their parent centra. Presumably, they were held together by an intact joint capsule at time of burial, one of many indications that burial was rapid. Buried beneath the adult face were a partial right frontal with an attached fragment of the nasal, the right parietal dome (Figure 7 and Supplementary Video 6), and smaller fragments of pneumatic cranial wall (diplöe) that collectively represent less than one-third of the complete adult cranium.
Figure 7. 3D CT volumetric models and cross-sections of broken adult right frontal and right parietal. (A) Key to skull elements. (B–D) Partial right frontal in (B), caudal (C), dorsal and lateral views (D), showing major fracture planes (red arrows F1, F2, F3, F4) where it was sheared from cranium (TMM 47004-1.31; Supplementary Video 6). Blunt-force impact wounds (Bfw 1, Bfw 2, Bfw 3), puncture wound concentrations (P1, P2), and two small-gauge punctures into orbital wall from obliquely above (P3, P4). (E) CT slice through frontal showing cemented grains in puncture channel P3 (red arrows), and offset bone from blunt force impact (Bfw 1). (F) CT slice through parietal showing impact-depressed bone (white arrows) and broken underlying trabeculae. (G) Broken right parietal dome showing right and left impact fields on dorsal surface (TMM 47004-1.213). Fr, frontal; Mx, maxilla; Oc, occipital surface of parietal; Or, orbit; Pa, parietal; Pmx, premaxilla; Popr, postorbital process; Prpr, preorbital process; Spf, sphenorbital fissure; Tf, temporal fossa; Tu, tusks.
Separation of the adult face from the cranium was caused by the most profound skull fracture, followed by fragmentation of the cranial vault. Dorsal surfaces of the frontal and parietal preserve multiple depressed, blunt-force impact fractures (Figure 7). One fragment of frontal plus nasal is depressed 5 cm into the anterior endocranial cavity. En echelon fractures mark its dorsal surface. Its persistent connection to the rest of the frontal suggests that skin and/or periosteal membrane were intact at time of burial. Other blunt impact fractures penetrated into diplöe of the frontal and parietal; CT scans reveal corresponding breakage of internal trabecular struts. The broken right parietal also bears two en echelon blunt-force impact fields ∼10 cm in diameter, implying perimortem skull breakage from repeated impacts to its dorsal surface. Proboscidean skulls are commonly fragmented in archeological sites to gain access to the brain and other soft tissues (Agam and Barkai, 2016, 2018; Fisher, 2021).
The adult frontal, 23 postcranial elements, and a calf tibia preserve circular cross-section punctures ∼2 mm to ∼1 cm in diameter (Figures 6, 8, 9 and Supplementary Video 9). Large-diameter punctures occur in a cluster on the dorsal surface of the frontal; CT scans reveal detached surficial bone fragments displaced up to 15 mm into the diplöe. Small-diameter punctures also perforate the dorsal surface of the frontal, and two penetrate the orbital wall, entering obliquely from above. The locations and 3D geometries of these punctures are entirely inconsistent with carnivore canine marks (Supplementary Information).
Figure 8. 3D CT volumetric models and cross-sections of cylindrical punctures and cryptic punctures in vertebra and rib. (A) Thoracic vertebra with deep puncture in left transverse process; CT slices (below) showing puncture geometry in cross-section; and puncture cluster infilled by dense (bright) sediment (TMM 47004-1.22). (B) Puncture in rib head (TMM 47004-1.36). (C) Rib head (TMM 47004-1.2), with large-diameter (∼10 mm) cylindrical gouge, and CT cross sections. Numbers refer to slice planes in CT datasets.
Figure 9. Arrested fractures in bone flake and microflake. (A) Bone flake derived from limb diaphysis in external view (top), percussion surface view (middle), and internal view (bottom). (B) CT slices (numbered) showing arrested fractures (F1, F2, F3) propagating from percussion platform, and postmortem sediment loading fracture (fpm) (TMM 47004-1.70; Supplementary Video 4). (C) Opposite surfaces of microflake (TMM 47004-3.5.3a: Supplementary Video 5). (D) μCT slices showing arrested fractures (F1, F2). Pb, bulb of percussion; Pp, percussion platform; Pvc, periosteal vascular canals.
Eleven right and 14 left ribs were identified; proximal and distal ends all exhibited perimortem damage. Costal epiphyses were detached from all but one rib head; six isolated costal epiphyses were recovered. On every proximal rib fragment (n = 23), the capitulum is damaged, exposing medullary cavities to sediment infilling. Six proximal rib heads (26%) display circular punctures or gouges measuring ∼1 cm in diameter. Ten ribs (40%) have small-diameter isolated punctures near their heads and on their shafts. Fifteen ribs (60%) preserve blunt-force impact fractures, and seventeen rib shafts (68%) are spirally fractured, indicating they were fresh when fractured. Short, broad, parallel chopmarks on one rib are consistent with expedient tools (Blasco et al., 2013; Rosell et al., 2014; Hannus, 2018). This damage suggests systematic rib detachment from the vertebral column, costal cartilages, sternum, and from each other using cylindrical rods and expedient cutting and chopping tools. Similar highly patterned carcass processing sequences have been described that may vary among taxa, but are largely standardized within a given taxon, and trace into the Old World Lower Paleolithic (Blasco et al., 2013; Rosell et al., 2014).
The three adult vertebral centra are missing their epiphyses; five separated centrum epiphyses were recovered. CT scans revealed ‘cryptic’ punctures in the centra not readily visible to the naked eye owing to postmortem sediment infillings whose color matches the bone. These include clusters of overlapping large-diameter punctures in all three centra, and penetrations extending up to 45 mm into the transverse processes (Figure 8 and Supplementary Video 8). Following disarticulation of the vertebral column, the centra were separated from their epiphyses and repeatedly punctured, probably to facilitate grease extraction (Outram, 2001; Blasco et al., 2013; Fladerer et al., 2014; Rosell et al., 2014; Hannus, 2018; Fisher, 2021).
The adult appendicular skeleton is represented mostly by broken fragments, bone flakes, and ‘butterfly fragments’ (below). The left scapula is represented by a detached metacromion process, which is itself viewed as diagnostic of butchering as it provides a handle to carry the large muscle (m. infraspinatus) that attaches to it (Fisher, 2021). One complete carpal, two associated sesamoids, and two isolated phalanges were identified. The phalanges exhibit numerous small-diameter perimortem punctures that subsequently filled with sediment. Whereas carnivore canine penetrations are widest externally, tapering internally to a point, CT scans show these punctures are narrowest externally and broaden into wider chambers, suggesting insertion and rotation of a pointed tool that disrupted trabeculae, facilitating extraction of grease from cancellous bone interiors. The punctures probably occurred in conjunction with efforts to disarticulate grease-rich podial elements (Fisher, 1995) and retrieve pedal fat pads.
A significant feature of the Hartley site is the high number (n = 32) of bone flakes (Figure 9, Supplementary Figure 3, and Supplementary Videos 1–5); we restrict the term ‘flake’ to bone fragments preserving technical attributes associated with percussive forces (Fisher, 1995). Critics argue that, because scavenging and weathering can also reduce bones, bone flakes are not always culturally diagnostic (Meltzer, 2009; Waters et al., 2018; Waters, 2019). However, those from the Hartley locality preserve extraordinary patterning that geological processes or scavenging cannot explain. Most of the bone flakes (n = 22; 69%) were derived from thick cortical bone of the limbs, but cannot be assigned to a specific parent element with certainty; seven (22%) are from ribs; and three (9%) are from a dentary. Fifteen of the flakes (47%) have sharp edges suitable for cutting.
A remarkable pattern in these flakes is their consistent orientation with respect to the grain of their parent bone. The grain is the general trend of the cortical Haversian canal system and parent bone long-axis, and it controls fracture behavior in percussion events (Hannus, 1989, 2018; Bradfield, 2013; Shipman, 2018). Eleven (34%) flakes were struck parallel to the grain, 16 (50%) were struck perpendicular to the grain, and only five (16%) were of uncertain strike direction. In all, 78% (n = 25) of the bone flakes were struck either perpendicular or parallel to the grain of their parent bone. Such thorough, systematic attention to grain during bone reduction is unknown in non-cultural bone assemblages, including scavenged assemblages (e.g., Behrensmeyer et al., 1989).
Another remarkable pattern is that many bone flakes bear one or more secondary impact scars exhibiting preferential orientations to the grain of their parent flake. From a total of 50 secondary flake scars, 35 (70%) were struck parallel to the grain, 7 (14%) perpendicular, and eight (16%) were indeterminate as to strike direction. In all, 84% of the secondary scars were struck either perpendicular or parallel to the grain of their parent flakes. A chi-square test of bone flake strike and secondary flake scar directions returned a p-value of 0.001212 (the result is significant at p < 0.05). This indicates statistically significant patterned, systematic bone selection and reduction organized around grain and percussion-fracture behavior.
Following lithic terminology (Collins, 1999), we recognize bone ‘microflakes’ (Figure 9) that are less than 3 cm maximum length and exhibit some combination of the diagnostic features of larger flakes. The Hartley site actually preserved a continuum in flakes sizes but the term ‘microflake’ draws attention to the potential taphonomic importance of small bone fragments that are commonly overlooked (Outram, 2001).
Another important type of bone fragment, discussed in medical literature, is the “butterfly fragment” (Winquist and Hansen, 1980; Reber and Simmons, 2015; Cohen et al., 2016). Like bone flakes, butterfly fragments result from blunt force impact. Unlike bone flakes, which preserve technical attributes associated with percussive forces and compressive failure, butterfly fragments are products of tensile failure. They result from medium to high velocity impact to a limb diaphysis or rib and, if bending loads are sufficient, induce tensile failure that can spall butterfly fragments from the impact side of the diaphysis, the side opposite the impact, or both (Supplementary Figure 4). We recovered five butterfly fragments derived from limb elements and four from ribs. Butterfly fragments are always produced by blows perpendicular to the grain of the parent bone. Three of the butterfly fragments derived from limb diaphyses bear secondary flake scars struck parallel to the grain of the parent fragment. With rare exceptions (Supplementary Information), only humans are known to establish conditions in which limbs and ribs can break under tensile failure, producing these highly characteristic fragments. Sixteen of the bone flakes plus butterfly fragments (n = 41, 39%) preserve use-wear indicative of utilization as expedient tools (Supplementary Information). Similar bone flakes from other proboscidean butcher sites are described with compelling justification for interpreting them as percussion-flaked artifacts (Hannus, 1989, 2018; Fisher et al., 1994; Johnson, 2005; Pobiner et al., 2008; Collins et al., 2013; Holen and Holen, 2013; Agam and Barkai, 2016; Holen et al., 2017; Fisher, 2021).
To further enhance our understanding of bone flake formation and diagnosis, we CT scanned a manually knapped flake and microflake from fresh bovine bone, to document resulting fracture patterns (Supplementary Figure 5). As background, medical studies document healthy living bones containing “microcracks” that span distances of a few tens of micrometers. Typically, they are single features arising from in vivo mechanical stress not produced by point-loading, and may be stimuli for normal bone remodeling (Buckwalter et al., 1995; Poundarik and Vashishth, 2015). μCT shows fresh bone placed under static loads (trampling, scavenging, hide penetration) fails in relatively simple fractures that can extend for millimeters or centimeters, depending on load magnitude and bone size (Hannus, 1989, 2018; Shipman, 2018). However, under dynamic percussion-impact point-loading, where both force and loading rates are sufficiently high, CT revealed that a “fracture network” can propagate instantaneously into bone from the impact point, but only one or a few of the fractures rupture and separate flakes from parent bone. If all fractures in a network continued to the point of complete separation, the result would be a larger number of loose fragments, and CT scans of the entire assemblage would show no evidence of the process that generated them. CT reveals that this is not what happens. Simultaneous propagation of fractures in a network resulting from a single impact depends on the entire stress field generated by the impact. As soon as one of these fractures “breaks through,” separating the original mass into two components, the stress field dissipates, preventing further propagation of remaining fractures in the network. Their further development is thus arrested, and precisely for this reason, they are retained in conjunction with the through-going fracture separating parent bone and flake. Using CT and μCT, we observed arrested fractures radiating from the impact point in a manually knapped modern bovine flake and microflake (Supplementary Figure 5), in flakes and a microflake from the Hartley assemblage (Figure 9 and Supplementary Videos 1–5), and in three flakes from the Riley mammoth (University of Michigan UM 116967), which represents a very different taphonomic setting (Fisher, 2021). We recognize that the impact energy required to produce arrested fractures in bovine bone would be lower than that required for large mammoth diaphyses, but the comparability of arrested fractures in Hartley and Riley specimens, and arrested fractures in bovine bone, suggest that arrested fractures are indicative of much higher impact energies than simple fractures.
Dry-screening (3.175 mm mesh) all excavated matrix yielded a multitude of small (<3 cm) “bone scraps” that were derived from cranial diplöe and postcranial medullary bone. Similar “bone scrap” concentrations are reported in European sites (Outram, 2001; Fladerer et al., 2014). Hydrologic processes operating at the site fail to account for this extreme degree of fragmentation. However, crushing and boiling medullary bone is a common practice in grease procurement that produces such “bone scraps” as primary debris (Quigg, 1997; Costamagno et al., 2010; Fladerer et al., 2014; Hannus, 2018). While crushing may not increase the grease volume harvested, it increases efficiency because the smaller fragments require less water and fire (Marquer et al., 2010; Supplementary Material).
Pyrogenic Particle Analysis
Wet-screened (0.5 mm mesh) matrix samples from different vertical levels within the main bone accumulation yielded a diverse assemblage of micro-particles that are not eroded constituents of the escarpment supplying clastic particles to the colluvium. Microscopic examination of particles excavated from Old World hearths, in concert with combustion experiments, identified diagnostic residues of controlled fires fueled by burning wood, plant material, and bone (Bellomo, 1993; Schiegl et al., 1996; Alperson-Afil, 2008; Miller et al., 2010; Weiner, 2010; Aldeias et al., 2012; Aldeias, 2017). These particles include siliceous aggregates, subspherical complex aggregates of recrystallized ash, pulverized bone fragments, angular shattered tooth and bone fragments, vitrified plant fragments, and charcoal fragments.
Siliceous and Complex Aggregates
Siliceous aggregates are composites primarily of opal and quartz grains cemented by microcrystalline calcite into water insoluble, sub-spherical particles ranging in diameter from ∼1 to ∼8 mm (Figure 10). Such particles are well-known from excavations of Old World hearths, and their resistance to disaggregation aids in diagnosing the presence of fire (Schiegl et al., 1996). Siliceous aggregates form following the complete combustion of wood into calcium carbonate ash and opal phytoliths, as the pyrolyzed residue undergoes a series of diagenetic changes (Schiegl et al., 1996). Experiments indicate that formation of siliceous aggregates begins as wood is burned at combustion temperatures between 500 and 600°C, where calcium oxalate (CaC204) present in wood and bark is reduced to calcium carbonate (CaC03) as carbon monoxide (CO) burns off (Munro et al., 2007; Weiner, 2010). At still higher temperatures, between 700 and 850°C, the calcium carbonate is reduced to calcium oxide (CaO). Calcium oxide is generally unstable, and upon cooling, it reacts with atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) to form secondary microcrystalline calcite, which becomes the primary binding agent of the siliceous aggregates. Alternatively, if the heated calcium oxide encounters water, it crystallizes to form calcium hydroxide or lime mortar [Ca4 (OH)2] (Weiner, 2010). Siliceous aggregates were recovered in abundance from wet-sieved matrix collected from within the main bone assemblage (Figures 10A–D,I–K). ESEM analysis detected trace amounts, in descending order of weight percentage, of aluminum, iron, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and sulfur. Some of the siliceous aggregates recovered from the Hartley site also contain bone fragment inclusions (Figures 10E–K and Supplementary Videos 11, 12).
Figure 10. Photomicrographs and μCT imagery of pyrogenic microparticles. Siliceous aggregate in (A) photomicrograph, (B) volumetric 3D reconstruction from μCT; (C,D) selected μCT slices in planes X and Y. Calcite (darker material) identified using ESEM in (B), and as lighter material in (C,D) (TMM 47004-3.11.8). (E–H) Complex aggregate enclosing calcined bone fragment. (E) Photomicrograph, (F) μCT volumetric 3D reconstruction (G,H) μCT slices across aggregate containing pulverized bone fragment. Note in (G,H) penetration of ash into fractured bone, indicating degassing, shrinkage, and fracture of the bone were penecontemporaneous with calcium hydroxide crystallization (TMM 47004-3.12.1). (I–K) Ornamented fish cranial element cemented into siliceous aggregate in (I) photomicrograph, (J) volumetric 3D reconstruction from μCT, and (K) CT slice showing cementation of fish bone into the aggregate (Supplementary Videos 9, 10). nc, nerve canal in fish bone (TMM 47004-3.5.31). (L–N) Hollow fish radiale incorporated into complex aggregate of quartz grains cemented by microcrystalline calcium hydroxide matrix (identified using ESEM). (L) Photomicrograph, (M) volumetric 3D reconstruction from μCT; (N) μCT slice showing laminated histology of imbedded bone (TMM 47004-3.5.25).
Another class of abundant water-insoluble particles recovered from the sieved concentrate consists of “complex aggregates” (Courty et al., 2012; Courty, 2017) that also range in size from ∼1 mm to ∼ 8 mm. ESEM analyses indicated their main component is microcrystalline calcite and lime mortar, which, together with iron oxide, cement together clastic grains of quartz, calcite, muscovite, feldspar, and other minerals derived from the Poleo Sandstone and Salitral Shale. Small fragments of bone are incorporated into a number of these aggregates (Figures 10L–N). ESEM analysis shows some bone inclusions to be calcined, indicating they were burnt. μCT scans reveal ash intruded into fractures in some of the bone fragments. ESEM and μCT analyses of ash-encrusted bone fragments (Figures 10E–H) suggest that degassing of water from green bone fragments induced hot calcium oxide to crystalize into insoluble lime mortar.
Pulverized Bone Fragments
Pulverized bone fragments as small as 1 mm are also abundant and display a spectrum of colors from tan to brown, red, light purple, to the pure white of calcined bone. Combustion experiments indicate that burning green bone produces the smallest fragments in the largest quantities, as physiological fluids contained in osteocyte lacunae, canaliculi, and vascular canals vaporize when heated, causing fresh bone and teeth to explode (Costamagno et al., 2010; Marquer et al., 2010). Bone is a common fuel in archeological fires, and pulverized bone and tooth fragments are virtually ubiquitous in pyrogenic residues excavated from Old World archeological hearths (Costamagno et al., 2010; Marquer et al., 2010; Fladerer et al., 2014). Calcination commences at ∼550–600°C (Hannus, 2018), and the presence of lime mortar in some aggregates indicates they were heated to temperatures exceeding 700°C (Weiner, 2010).
Vertebrate microfauna recovered from the wet-screened concentrate comprises an assemblage of angular fragments of teeth, fish scales, and rare intact disarticulated bones (Figures 11, 12 and Supplementary Figure 7). The fish scales are remarkable, considering the site is ∼70 m above the nearest river. μCT scans show traits diagnostic of burning, including circular combustion pitting and internal fractures from differential shrinkage of bone, dentin, and enamel (Hanson and Cain, 2007; Costamagno et al., 2010; Hannus, 2018). Fish scales and calcined bone were also found cemented into both siliceous aggregates and microaggregates (Figure 10 and Supplementary Videos 11, 12), with an adhering insoluble rind of microcrystalline calcite and lime mortar not previously reported in association with microvertebrate fossils. This indicates these tiny bones are not contaminants from packrat middens or raptor roosts. Most microfaunal specimens are unidentifiable to the level of species or genus, but they hint at a greater cryptic biodiversity in the economy of this locality.
Figure 11. Pyrogenic modifications to rodent incisor (volumetric reconstructions from μCT). (A) Occlusal view; (B) medial or lateral view; and (C) medial or lateral view; (D) CT slice revealing separation fractures and infilling of pulp cavity by ash. Cp, combustion pits; M, matrix in pulp cavity; Sep, separation by differential shrinkage at enamel-dentin junction; Sf, dentin shrinkage fractures in cross-section (TMM 47004-3.6.1b).
Figure 12. Burnt fish teeth, fish bones, and fish scales. Volumetric 3D reconstructions from μCT (above) and histological cross section (below). Red arrows indicate internal heat fractures. (A) Gar scale and μCT cross section (TMM 47004-3.5.22c). (B) Cranial bone with enameloid covering, and μCT cross section (TMM 47004-3.5.17a). (C) Fin spine (Ictaluridae?) with enamel covering and μCT cross section (TMM 47004-3.11.10a). (D) Teleost scale and μ CT cross section (TMM 47004-3.12.5a). (E) Broken tooth in two views, plus μCT slices (below) in sagittal (left) and horizontal (right) planes (TMM 47004-3.12.5e). (F) Broken teleost scale and μ CT cross section (TMM 47004-3.11.10g). (G) Teleost scale and μCT cross section (TMM 47004-3.11.10f). (H) Imbricating burnt teleost scales and μCT cross section (TMM 47004-3.11.10c). B, bone; D, dentin; Dc, dental canal; E, enamel or enameloid; Nc, nerve canal; Sc1, scale 1; Sc2, scale 2; Sc3, scale 3.
Similar assemblages of pyrolyzed particles are common in archaeological fires (Schiegl et al., 1996; Hanson and Cain, 2007; Costamagno et al., 2010; Marquer et al., 2010; Courty et al., 2012; Fladerer et al., 2014; Courty, 2017). They are not reported in wildfires, where faunal concentration mechanisms are unknown, and where wind, run-off, and pedogenic processes prevent the protected accumulation of ash and formation of siliceous and complex aggregates. At the Hartley site, the concentrated biodiversity and different burning states of pulverized bone, fish scales and teeth, and mammal teeth also argue against natural wildfire (Costamagno et al., 2010; Rosell et al., 2014; Agam and Barkai, 2016). This assemblage is not characteristic of flash heating by lightning, where much higher temperatures (∼1800°C) profoundly alter local mineralogy and offer no mechanism for faunal concentration (Essene and Fisher, 1986; Courty, 2017). In summary, this assemblage most likely formed in a controlled fire associated with the mammoth butchering.
Lithic evidence consisted of six microflakes of Pedernal chert collected from levels between 40 and 65 cm deep into the matrix surrounding the main bone assemblage. μCT revealed diagnostic evidence of percussion flaking including prepared, ground percussion surfaces, bulbs of percussion, eraillure scarring, secondary flake scars with conchoidal separation surfaces, and hinge fractures (Figure 13 and Supplementary Video 13). μCT scans also revealed arrested fractures in four of the lithic microflakes. Since surfaces can accumulate objects over time, and burrowing can mix sediment, it is conceivable that excavated chert microflakes are more recent surface contaminants. However, they were not found associated with burrows, and the fact that six were present favors their valid association with the mammoth bones.
Figure 13. Chert microflake in three views. (A) Internal aspect; (B) Striking platform; (C) External aspect. Es, eraillure scar on bulb of percussion; Fs, secondary flake scar showing ripple marks; H, secondary flake scar hinge; Pb, bulb of percussion; Gpp, ground percussion platform. (TMM 47004-5.1; Supplementary Video 13).
Dating the Hartley Mammoth Locality
From a single adult long bone butterfly fragment (Figure 6F), six radiocarbon measurements were made on different bone collagen chemical fractions, including hydroxyproline (Table 1 and Figures 4, 5). Based on the hydroxyproline 14C measurement, the adult mammoth dates to 32,750 ± 430 RCYBP (OxA-X-2737-65), with a calibrated date range of 38,900 – 36,250 cal BP. The five other AMS dates are in close agreement with each other and range from 30,860 + 220 to 28,100 + 350 RCYBP (35,750 – 31,300 cal BP); however, the hydroxyproline measurement is oldest. Because the hydroxyproline “non-routine chemistry” protocol (see section “Methods”) is considered the most efficient procedure for removing exogenous carbon from bone collagen samples, 32,750 + 430 RCYBP (38,900 – 36,250 cal BP) is the most robust age estimate for the adult mammoth.
The methods employed here are important for archeology generally as they can detect nuanced diagnostic evidence of human presence in unexpected geographic and temporal settings, and in the absence of stylized worked lithics. Pitulko et al. (2016a,b, 2017) used CT and bone breakage patterns to diagnose butchering of Mammuthus primigenius 45,000 years ago in the central Siberian Arctic locality of Sopochnaya Karga (see also Kenady et al., 2011). We augment and extend their findings by highlighting the diagnostic importance of butterfly fragments, and by demonstrating the application of CT and μCT in detecting arrested fracture networks in bone flakes and microflakes, particulate residues diagnostic of managed fires, and in documenting microfauna.
Our interpretation of the Hartley locality as a cultural site is consistent with other recent archeological discoveries placing humans in the Americas during or before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). These include multiple in situ human footprints from New Mexico that date from ∼22,860 to ∼21,130 cal BP (Bennett et al., 2021), and footprints from Argentina that date to ∼30,000 cal BP (Azcuy et al., 2021). Simple stone tools discovered in Chiquihuite Cave, Mexico, date from ∼26,500 to 19,000 cal BP and represent a previously unknown tradition (Ardelean et al., 2020; Becerra-Valdivia and Higham, 2020). At Coxcatlan Cave, Mexico, re-dating butchered small mammals associated with minimally worked stone tools established a 33,448 to 28,279 cal BP date for the site’s lowest cultural level (Somerville et al., 2021). Simple flaked stone artifacts are known from numerous ancient South American sites. These include Toca da Tira Peia, Brazil, which dates to ∼20,000 cal BP (Lahaye et al., 2013), and Vale da Pedra Furada, Brazil, which dates to ∼24,000 cal BP (Boëda et al., 2021); older artifacts dating to ∼32,000 cal BP are also reported from this site (Guidon and Delibrias, 1986; Guidon et al., 1994). At Toca do Serrote das Moendas, Brazil, faunal remains associated with human bones were dated to between ∼29,000 and ∼24,000 cal BP (Kinoshita et al., 2014). And at Arroyo del Vizcaíno, Uruguay, a fossil-rich 30,000 years old megafaunal locality with cut-marked bones (Fariña et al., 2014) adds to a growing record of probable human occupation sites in the Americas that predate arrival of the Native American clade by millennia.
One method to test the hypothesis of an early human occupation in the Americas is to compare it against a broader context or system of independent generalizations (Ghiselin, 1969), such as genomic research on human populations using aDNA. These studies corroborate our findings and permit inferences regarding distinct cultural elements of the different migrations. This resolves nagging anomalies in archeological records, presents a far deeper time frame for attainment by humans of a global distribution (with the exception of Antarctica and most oceanic islands), and a longer time span for human roles in extinctions and ecological change across the Western Hemisphere.
Recent genomic evidence for two Old World founding populations in the Americas (Skoglund et al., 2015) offers independent corroboration that the sites described above may be cultural. A unique ancestry signal discovered in Suruí, Karitiana, and Xavante populations living today around the Amazon basin rim was found to be shared with living populations in Australia, New Guinea, and Andaman Islands. The ancestral population that contributed this signal was termed a “genetic ghost population” and given the name “Population Y” (Skoglund et al., 2015). Population Y was estimated to have occupied eastern Asia ∼50,000 years ago (Reich, 2018). Additional aDNA support came from a ∼40,000 years old human bone from Tianyuan cave in northern China that shares the Population Y signal (Yang et al., 2017). Doubts raised about the Population Y hypothesis (Posth et al., 2018) were dispelled by more recent genomic studies that reproduced the earlier findings and documented in South America the Australasian signal in every major linguistic group, making it geographically widespread (Castro et al., 2021).
How and when Population Y ancestry reached South America has been explained by alternative hypotheses (Skoglund et al., 2015; Reich, 2018). The first is that Population Y contributed ancestry to the Native American clade before its dispersal south from Beringia. Some of the Native Americans then carried this ancestry as they dispersed down the west coast and into South America. In other words, Population Y predated dispersal but did not live in the Americas, and its descendants now solely exist there and in Australasia (Wohns et al., 2022). This has been the favored hypothesis because it is consistent with the conventional view that Native Americans were the first people to enter the Americas ∼16,000 years ago.
However, several recent aDNA analyses that included a ∼45,000 years old human genome from Ust’-Ishim, Siberia (Fu et al., 2014), ∼32,000 years old human genomes from the Yana RHS site (Sikora et al., 2019), and younger ancient Asian genomes (Poznik et al., 2016), revealed complex patterns of dispersal, admixture, and turnover among West Eurasian and East Asian populations in the occupation of Siberia and western Beringia. Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3, ca. 50,000 – 30,000 cal BP) was evidently a time of rapid expansion of modern humans across Eurasia (Atkinson et al., 2008; Poznik et al., 2016; Pavlova and Pitulko, 2020), but no Population Y ancestry was detected by any of these studies (Sikora et al., 2019).
The second hypothesis is that unmixed descendants of Population Y dispersed directly to the Americas during pre-LGM time, predating the Native American arrival by millennia (Skoglund et al., 2015; Reich, 2018). This early population was later displaced by the Native Americans except in South America, where it mixed with Native Americans and left a discernable signal in every major living linguistic group. This now seems the more likely, because the first hypothesis alone fails to explain archeological sites that predate Native American arrival.
At present, the oldest human aDNA in the Americas is from the Anzick child burial site that includes diagnostic Clovis artifacts and dates to 12,905 – 12,695 cal BP (Becerra-Valdivia et al., 2018). aDNA places this individual on the stem of the Native American clade (Rasmussen et al., 2014); it preserves no Population Y ancestry. The absence of a Population Y signal in North America may be an artifact of the lack of human bones and aDNA older than ∼13,000 cal BP, and under-sampling of living populations. Until much older human aDNA is recovered, uncertainty will attend the association of Population Y with any of the older archeological sites. It is technically possible that the older American sites represent entirely separate, unrecognized pre-LGM lineage(s) that became extinct without leaving a discernable genetic trace in younger populations (Raff, 2022).
It is not surprising that the cultural interpretation of these “old” sites received criticism (Chatters et al., 2021; Potter et al., 2021). Implicit in the criticisms is an expectation that diagnostic Upper Paleolithic stone tools are the standard by which all American cultural sites are recognized. However, if Native Americans were the first to introduce this technology into the Americas ∼16,000 years ago, such evidence should not be present in older sites. Raff (2022) observed that “probably most” American archeologists maintain a need to uniformly apply a rigorous standard for accepting any and all sites. The fallacy of such a view is that evidentiary standards and rationales may have temporal and geographic boundaries. For example, the 33,000 cal BP site of Monte Verde I, located near the southern tip of Chile, preserved simple worked-stone implements and proboscidean bones in association with clay-lined hearth basins (Dillehay and Collins, 1988). Few archeologists have been willing to recognize this seemingly anomalous site as cultural. However, viewed in light of the older Hartley site and its location on the North American Colorado Plateau, Monte Verde I no longer presents an anomaly in time or space. Given their ages, the absence of elaborate stone tools is to be expected at both localities. Another example of spatiotemporal evidentiary limits is the meticulous re-dating of the North America Clovis interval to a narrow window of only ∼200 calendar years, between 13,125 and 12,925 cal BP (Waters and Stafford, 2007; Becerra-Valdivia et al., 2018; Waters et al., 2020). It follows that any cultural sites in the Americas predating arrival by Native Americans will necessarily be diagnosed using criteria other than Upper Paleolithic stone tools.
In summary, taphonomic and genomic evidence accord in detecting at least two founding populations for the Americas, and in viewing the story of Native Americans expanding into virgin country as “profoundly misleading” (Reich, 2018). The position of the Hartley site deep in the North American Western Interior suggests that the first human arrival in North America, whether overland or via a coastal route, occurred well before ∼37,000 years ago. The Hartley site shares much in common with Old World proboscidean butchering sites; it appears that while hunting technologies evolved steadily, butchering practices preserved more stable procedural efficiencies. The Hartley locality exemplifies new methods and nuanced criteria for diagnosing early human occupation sites in the archeological record. It raises provocative new questions about when, where, and how the Native American clade, with its unprecedented technology, intersected with earlier human occupants of the Americas. It also provides a new deep point of chronologic reference for occupation of the Americas, for attainment by humans of a global distribution, and a temporal recalibration of human ecological impacts across the Western Hemisphere.
Data Availability Statement
The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found below: all excavated specimens and samples are curated into the collections of the University of Texas Vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory. All CT datasets are archived at UTCT (http://www.ctlab.geo.utexas.edu/) and are available on reasonable request.
TR coordinated the field work, preparation and curation of fossils, wrote the manuscript, and processed the images. TS conducted the 14C dating, assisted the field interpretation, and wrote the manuscript. DF wrote the manuscript and produced the experimental bone flakes. JE performed the proteomic analysis and edited the manuscript. RH conducted the ESEM analyses and edited the manuscript. JQ studied bone modifications, microflakes and wrote the manuscript. JS identified and curated the microfauna. RK edited the manuscript, conducted the statistical analyses, and analyzed the CT data. MC edited the manuscript and conducted the CT scanning and data archiving. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.
Funding was provided by the Jackson School of Geosciences, and by National Science Foundation grants BCS 1541294, EAR 1258878, EAR-1160721, EAR 1919700, EAR 1561622, and EAR 1762458, and the W. J. J. Gordon Foundation.
Conflict of Interest
TR declares that he owns the land on which the site was discovered. TS was employed by Stafford Research, LLC, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
We thank K. Bader, J. Biorkmann, B. A. S. Bhullar, E. Catlos, R. Cifelli, M. Collins, M. Cloos, G. N. Hartley, T. Higham, E. Hoffman, S. Holen, B. Huckell, H. Hutchison, C. Jass, J. Kappelman, C. Kerans, J. Koser, T. Liebert, E. Lundelius, L. MacFadden, C. Merriam, G. Meyer, D. Mohrig, J. Muus, R. Probiner, J. Singh, J. Stevens, J. Sturm, W. Taylor, L. Becerra-Valdivia, and M. W. Young for contributions to this report.
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2022.903795/full#supplementary-material
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Keywords: mammoth, butchery, taphonomy, pyrogenic residues, tomography, human dispersal
Citation: Rowe TB, Stafford TW Jr, Fisher DC, Enghild JJ, Quigg JM, Ketcham RA, Sagebiel JC, Hanna R and Colbert MW (2022) Human Occupation of the North American Colorado Plateau ∼37,000 Years Ago. Front. Ecol. Evol. 10:903795. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2022.903795
Received: 24 March 2022; Accepted: 17 May 2022;
Published: 07 July 2022.
Edited by:Anderson Santos, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
Reviewed by:Vladimir V. Pitulko, Institute for the History of Material Culture (RAS), Russia
Mario Dantas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil
Copyright © 2022 Rowe, Stafford, Fisher, Enghild, Quigg, Ketcham, Sagebiel, Hanna and Colbert. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
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WASHINGTON — In a rare personal attack on the Senate floor, Sen. Edward M. Kennedy accused Sen. Rick Santorum on Wednesday of being self-righteous and insensitive for a column he wrote three years ago linking Boston’s liberalism to the sex abuse scandal in its Catholic diocese.
Other political news of note
Animated Boehner: 'There's nothing complex about the Keystone Pipeline!'
House Speaker John Boehner became animated Tuesday over the proposed Keystone Pipeline, castigating the Obama administration for not having approved the project yet.
- Budget deficits shrinking but set to grow after 2015
- Senate readies another volley on unemployment aid
- Obama faces Syria standstill
- Fluke files to run in California
- Animated Boehner: 'There's nothing complex about the Keystone Pipeline!'
Santorum, R-Pa., wrote in the July 2002 column for Catholic Online that promoting alternative lifestyles feeds such aberrant behavior as priests molesting children.
“Priests, like all of us, are affected by culture,” Santorum wrote. “When the culture is sick, every element in it becomes infected. While it is no excuse for this scandal, it is no surprise that Boston, a seat of academic, political and cultural liberalism in America, lies at the center of the storm.”
In a speech, Kennedy, D-Mass., called for Santorum to retract his remarks and apologize to the people of Boston and Massachusetts and the nation.
“The people of Boston are to blame for the clergy sexual abuse? That is an irresponsible, insensitive and inexcusable thing to say,” said Kennedy.
Robert Traynham, a spokesman for Santorum, said his boss recognizes that the church abuse scandal was not just in Boston, but all over the country.
Throughout the United States, sexual abuse by priests has cost the Catholic Church more than $1 billion. The Archdiocese of Philadelphia has said that its records show 44 priests have been “credibly” accused of molesting minors since the 1950s.
Traynham said Santorum “was speaking to a broader cultural argument about the need for everyone to take these issues very, very seriously.”
Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney, a Republican who — like Santorum — has been mentioned as a possible presidential candidate in 2008, called the remarks unfortunate but did not ask for an apology, said spokesman Eric Fehrnstrom.
“Senator Santorum is a fine person, and we’re all entitled to make a mistake once in a while,” Fehrnstrom said.
Sen. John Kerry, D-Mass., commented, “As a prosecutor in Massachusetts, I saw some of the worst criminals who had abused children, and not once did I hear them hide behind Senator Santorum’s bizarre claim that the state was responsible for their acts.”
The scandal began in Boston in early 2002 when internal church files released under court order revealed abusive priests were transferred from parish to parish rather than removed from the ministry. Cardinal Bernard Law resigned as archbishop later that year amid criticism over his handling of the crisis.
A 2003 investigation by Massachusetts Attorney General Thomas Reilly found that at least 1,000 children in the state were abused by more than 235 priests and church workers between 1940 and 2000. The archdiocese has paid out more than $120 million to settle abuse claims since 1950.
© 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. | <urn:uuid:6e049db3-401b-42d8-a281-ebfe2c92195d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nbcnews.com/id/8567264/ns/politics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00065-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962788 | 717 | 1.609375 | 2 |
The PFEIFER Hybridbeam® composite beam is a prefabricated load-bearing element that is used as a flat beam to create slim floors - integrated ceilings with a low construction height. The standard design of the PFEIFER Hybridbeam® is flush with the floor slab. The beam is a combination of two different materials - steel and concrete. The steel part takes on the tensile stresses, while the concrete part takes over the compressive stresses, and both are connected with each other with headed studs welded to the internal steel surfaces. All of this comes together to ensure an extremely high strength parameter of the hybrid composite.
There are three types of PFEIFER Hybridbeam® available - intermediate beams (BHM), edge beams (BHR) and special beams (BHS), each in eighteen cross-section sizes. It is also possible to make a non-standard beam. | <urn:uuid:57f4cf06-fe6a-40a5-ba6d-5249eb75f1cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hybridbeam.eu/en/product/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.885874 | 184 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Serbia's acting president Natasa Micic ordered the suspension on Friday, March 21, amid a government crackdown on judges and prosecutors with suspected links to members of the powerful Zemun mafia clan that allegedly orchestrated the March 12 assassination of Prime Minister Zoran Djindjic.
Simic was suspended two days after police arrested deputy public prosecutor Milan Sarajlic.
Interior Ministry officials said that, since his detention, Sarajlic has confessed to being on the payroll of the Zemun mafia clan and actively obstructing inquiries into a number of assassinations, including the murder of Curuvija.
Rajko Danilovic, a lawyer representing the Curuvija family, told the Committee to Protect Journalists in a telephone interview today that "Simic was suspended because he wasn't careful enough in his supervision of Sarajlic."
On April 11, 1999, Curuvija was murdered as he and his wife, Branka Prpa, were returning to their home in the Serbia's capital, Belgrade, after a walk. Two men wearing dark clothing and black face masks approached the couple, pistol-whipped Prpa, and shot Curuvija 11 times.
Months before his assassination, Curuvija had started criticizing the policies of Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic.
The shooting took place during the NATO air strikes on Serbia that sought to end repression of ethnic Albanians in the southern province of Kosovo—a time the government was trying to reign in critical media outlets.
The first major break in the Curuvija case came in late October 2000 when a State Security Service (RDB) surveillance report that chronicled Curuvija's movements on the day of his assassination was leaked to the press. According to the report, RDB agents followed Curuvija on April 11 but were ordered to withdraw from their positions just 20 minutes before the journalist was shot dead.
No progress in the case was reported during the last two years. | <urn:uuid:ddd7d56e-a35d-4f1e-922e-93c1676b639d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.cpj.org/2003/03/prosecutor-in-journalists-murder-case-suspended.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00199-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983866 | 400 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Here Witham dreamcasts an adaptation of his new book, Piero's Light: In Search of Piero della Francesca: A Renaissance Painter and the Revolution in Art, Science, and Religion:
Historians who pursue the life of the Italian Renaissance painter Piero della Francesca have a visual dilemma, and the same would go for a Hollywood screen writer and casting agent. Piero scholars have no valid description of what he looked like. What they have is folklore. Piero’s supposed self-portrait in a fresco shows a square-jawed man with dark curly hair, for example. A fanciful woodcut of Piero from the sixteenth century presents him wide-eyed. During the 1990s, rumor had it that archeologists found his burial site, and the skeleton was tall.Learn more about the book and author at Larry Witham's website.
Measured against the Hollywood blockbusters done on Michelangelo and Van Gogh, a treatment of Piero della Francesca, a relatively cerebral artisan for his time, would face cinematic challenges. Charleton Heston as the volcanic Michelangelo, and Kirk Douglas’s Van Gogh in Lust for Life, are hard acts to follow (not to mention the demonstrative Ed Harris in Pollock). Short of using the entire cast of the Sopranos as a pool for characters—since Piero’s story is distinctly Italian—a “Piero: The Movie” must select widely.
Casting Piero’s historical environment will be important. This would be the outsized autocrats whose colorful Renaissance courts Piero had painted for. For the humanist Pope Pius II we could imagine Anthony Hopkins. For the two warlord princes, Federico Montefeltro of Urbino and Sigismundo Malatesta of Rimini, we could draft, respectively, Javier Bardem and Robert De Niro. At the dramatic center, this leaves Piero and the humanist architect Leon Battista Alberti to personify. I would cast Geoffrey Rush (or Antonio Banderas) as the erudite Alberti and Christian Bale (or Alfred Molina) as Piero—physically strong but introverted, a man of few words, dogged determination, and consummate visual and mathematical talent. What producer could afford to pay for all these superstars is anyone’s guess.
We know almost nothing about Piero’s personal life. So a plot would have to be invented. It could simplify his biography by adding an invented twist or crescendo to a life that, otherwise, lasted eighty years. Fictionally, we might put him in rivalry with Alberti or the dominant Florentine painters: Piero as outsider. I would also draw on the unrequited love theme found in the Italian writers Dante and Petrarch. Have Piero lose his early love interest to plague (or a forced marriage to another), thus setting Piero on his self-reliant path. By the necessities of a broken heart, Piero’s art, adventures, and geometry become his mistress. Who will be Piero’s lost Beatrice (a la Dante) or Petrarch’s Laura? Why not the comely, yet demure, Nicoletta Braschi (Life is Beautiful).
No spaghetti Western here. Picture the kind of backdrop seen in Franco Zeffirelli’s Romeo and Juliet, or in recent films that harp on the Renaissance splendors of Venice. The Piero movie can be shot in Tuscany, Rome, and cities where he worked, and where architecture of that period still stands. The Hollywood title? Piero’s Light of course.
The Page 99 Test: Piero's Light. | <urn:uuid:11ce55db-1f2b-4638-92a3-1c371c29d73b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mybookthemovie.blogspot.com/2014/01/larry-withams-pieros-light.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00152-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937129 | 776 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Suppose that a multiple regression data set consists of n = 15 observations. For what values of k, the number of model predictors, would the corresponding model with R2 = .90 be judged useful at significance level .05? Does such a large R2 value necessarily imply a useful model? Explain.
Answer to relevant QuestionsUse the data given in Exercise 14.29 to verify that the true regression function According to “Assessing the Validity of the Post-Materialism Index” (American Political Science Review : 649–664), one may be able to predict an individual’s level of support for ecology based on demographic ...The accompanying data on calcium content of wheat are consistent with summary quantities that appeared in the article “Mineral Contents of Cereal Grains as Affected by Storage and Insect Infestation” (Journal of Stored ...The accompanying data resulted from a flammability study in which specimens of five different fabrics were tested to determine burn times. MSTr = 23.67 MSE = 1.39 F = 17.08 P-value = .000 The accompanying output gives the ...The experiment described in Example 15.4 also gave data on change in body fat mass for men (“Growth Hormone and Sex Steroid Administration in Healthy Aged Women and Men,” Journal of the American Medical Association ...
Post your question | <urn:uuid:fb71a02f-8c5a-4835-87a3-8d3b541cee30> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.solutioninn.com/suppose-that-a-multiple-regression-data-set-consists-of-n | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00314-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.914942 | 285 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Tuesday, August 30, 2016
SpaceX, SES Sign Satellite Launch Deal, First To Use Returned Rocket
Hawthorne-based SpaceX, and Luxembourg-based SES have announced a new launch deal this morning, where SpaceX will launch the SES-10 satellite into orbit on a Falcon 9 rocket. According to the companies, the launch will be the very first to re-use the booster stage of the Falcon 9, using one of the rocket boosters successfully returned to earth by SpaceX. The two said the launch is expected in Q4 of this year. SpaceX and SES--which are calling the used rocket booster "flight-proven"--said that successfully re-launching the rocket will be an important milestone to complete and rapid reusability of the Falcon 9, which would dramatically lower costs of launches. The SES-10 will be delivered into geostationary orbit to provide satellite connectivity across Latin America. Financial details of the launch deal were not announced. | <urn:uuid:50bfb081-ae5c-4311-9bc6-cf306ff3217a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.socaltech.com/spacex__ses_sign_satellite_launch_deal__first_to_use_returned_rocket/s-0066919.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720000.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00023-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938468 | 199 | 1.757813 | 2 |
A man uses a cell phone as he walks past an AT&T store in New York, July 11, 2013. (Mark Lennihan/AP)
WASHINGTON (NNPA) – A group that advocates for economic inclusion and fair contracting for Black-owned media recently filed a $10 billion lawsuit alleging racial discrimination against AT&T and DirecTV.
The National Association of African American Owned Media (NAAAOM) filed the lawsuit for an unnamed company that “owns seven original content, high definition television networks (channels), six of which were launched to public in 2009 and one in 2012” and according to the complaint “is the only 100 percent African American-owned video programming producer and multi-channel operator/owner in the United States.”
The suit alleges that AT&T and DirecTV violated a federal statute (Title 42 U.S. Code 1981) found in the Civil Rights Act of 1866, a law that was originally designed to protect freed slaves from discrimination as they joined the labor market and entered business contracts.
Marty Richter, a spokesman for AT&T, called the allegations ‘outlandish’ and ‘completely baseless,’ and said that the company spent $15.5 billion with diverse suppliers last year.”
Skip Miller, the lead trial counsel for the plaintiff and partner with the Miller Barondess, LLP law firm in Los Angeles, said his firm is going up against one of the largest corporations in the United States with vast resources, but it’s a lawsuit like any other lawsuit.
“The real deal is the money, that’s what this is about,” said Mark DeVitre, president of NAAAOM. “It’s about economic inclusion in mainstream America. The First Amendment requires diversity.”
According to the lawsuit, AT&T and DirecTV, collectively pay White-owned media companies approximately $16 billion combined, every year for channel carriage license fees, but don’t pay anything to 100 percent African American-owned media companies.
Even though AT&T executives admitted that they have a “black problem” to the company, according to the lawsuit, they have largely adopted a “wait and see” approach, refusing to increase the amount of business they do with the Black media company, unless it has a negative impact on their merger with DirecTV.
“They [AT&T], just said, ‘No,’” said Miller. “‘We know you have good programming, but we don’t want to deal with you.’”
AT&T carries one of the unnamed company’s seven channels, but instead of paying carriage fees to the company, the telephone and media conglomerate requires that the company pay AT&T hundreds of thousands of dollars per year for the programming.
“Ultimately, AT&T stated that it would consider entering into a carriage agreement with the Company only if AT&T’s and DirecTV’s lack of 100 percent African-American owned channels interferes with approval of the acquisition,” states the complaint filed on December 3. “Otherwise, AT&T would continue to refuse to contract with the Company for its suite of channels, and would shut out the Company from its billions in channel carriage license fees and advertising and expenditures.”
The suit also alleges that AT&T and other White-owned media companies donate money to nationally-recognized civil rights groups in an effort to “buy” their support, actions the complaint calls “window dressing and a deceptive practice.”
“They can get up there say, ‘We support the Urban League.’ Those are all good organizations,” said Miller. “But what does that have to do with the media business?”
DeVitre said those contributions don’t have anything to do with getting African American voices and viewpoints on television.
According to the legal document, 100 percent African American-owned media receive less than $1.5 million of the approximately $4 billion that AT&T spends on advertising, every year.
“Likewise, DirecTV allegedly spends less than $1.5 million of its $2 billion in advertising costs each year on 100% African American-owned business,” according to the suit.
That amounts to fourteen thousandths of 1 percent spent annually with 100 percent African American-owned media.
The NAAAOM complaint stated: “This is an economic atrocity, illustrating the scope and magnitude of the racial discrimination in contracting by AT & T and DirecTV.”The suit alleges that AT&T’s racial discrimination in contracting will continue to perpetuate the economic exclusion of 100 percent African American-owned media from American television.
“But for AT&T’s and DirecTV’s refusal to contract with the Company, the Company would receive approximately $328 million in annual license fees for its seven channels – calculated using a conservative license fee of fifteen center per subscriber per month for each channel for AT & T’s and DirecTV’s combined 26 million subscribers. If Defendants contracted in good faith, the Company would also receive an estimated $100 million per year, per network, in national advertising sales revenue, or a total of $700 million per year,” according to the complaint.
Miller said it would be hard for his client to survive without doing business with AT&T and access to their roughly 26 million subscribers after the DirecTV deal, which would account for nearly 30 percent of the pay TV market. The proposed AT&T/DirecTV deal and the Comcast/NBC Universal deal have received lukewarm receptions from industry watchers.
DeVitre said that AT&T’s refusal to increase the business they do with 100 percent Black-owned companies is a form of economic genocide for African American-owned media, a sector that continues to shrink instead of grow.
DeVitre continued: “These companies either have to give away a tremendous amount of equity or make exorbitant ‘ransom’ payments in order to get carried and you can end up bankrupting yourself with this stuff or losing control of your own company and the system is designed to keep perpetuating it.” | <urn:uuid:966ba670-25c4-4775-8dc3-a88d55a3d51f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.theskanner.com/news/usa/22215-at-t-faces-10-billion-race-discrimination-suit | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00519-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958022 | 1,329 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Joe Colquhoun is the subject of an article from David Ashford and Norman Wright in the current Book and Magazine Collector so there's no need to go too deeply into his career here. Later he was to draw the magnificent "Charley's War" in Battle Picture Weekly, which is currently being reprinted by Titan Books -- and a finer set of books you couldn't want for your shelves! If you don't have them already, just follow these links and order them now:
- Charley's War: 2 June-1 August 1916. ISBN 978-1840236279, 26 Nov 2004.
- Charley's War: 1 August-17 October 1916. ISBN 978-1840239294, 21 Oct 2005.
- Charley's War: 17 October 1916-21 February 1917. ISBN 978-1845762704, 20 Oct 2006.
- Charley's War: Blue's Story. ISBN 978-1845763237, 30 Oct 2007.
Not long after this strip saw print, Colquhoun tried to find work with the Eagle but was turned down by the Rev. Marcus Morris. Morris, however, advised him to try his samples at the Amalgamated Press who had just launched a new title, Lion. He was interviewed by Stan Boddington who worked on Lion and Champion and, before long, Colquhoun was supplying strips to both papers -- beginning an association with A.P./Fleetway/IPC that was to last thirty-five years, only coming to an end when Colquhoun died in 1987. | <urn:uuid:4e8a5188-277a-422b-b4d5-ea166f4ce5e5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://bearalley.blogspot.com/2007/10/comic-firsts-joe-colquhoun.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00267-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964656 | 321 | 1.726563 | 2 |
makemore is the most accessible way of tinkering with a GPT.
The one-file script
makemore.py takes one text file as input, where each line is assumed to be one training thing, and generates more things like it. For example, we can feed it a database of names, and then use it to generate new cool baby name ideas that sound name-like, but are not already existing names. Or if we feed it a database of company names then we can generate new ideas for a name of a company. Or we can just feed it valid scrabble words and generate english-like babble.
Under the hood, the script trains a (character-level) Transformer, identical to the one that powers GPT and friends.
This is not meant to be a heavyweight library with switches and knobs. It’s one hackable file of ~500 lines of code. PyTorch is the only requirement. Go nuts.
names.txt dataset, as an example, has the most common 32K names takes from ssa.gov for the year 2018. It looks like:
emma olivia ava isabella sophia charlotte ...
Let’s point the script at it:
$ python makemore.py -i names.txt -o names
Training progress and logs and model will all be saved to the working directory
names. The default model is a super tiny 200K param transformer; Many more training configurations are available – see the argparse and read the code. Training does not require any special hardware, it runs on my Macbook Air and will run on anything else, but if you have a GPU then training will fly. As training progresses the script will print some samples throughout. However, if you’d like to sample manually, you can use the
--sample-only flag, e.g. in a separate terminal do:
$ python makemore.py -i names.txt -o names --sample-only
This will load the best model so far and print more samples on demand. Here are some unique baby names that get eventually generated from current default settings (test logprob of ~1.92):
dontell khylum camatena aeriline najlah sherrith ryel irmi taislee mortaz akarli maxfelynn biolett zendy laisa halliliana goralynn brodynn romima chiyomin loghlyn melichae mahmed irot helicha besdy ebokun lucianno | <urn:uuid:cd0b4b5e-bcdf-49c0-ab1b-8c417b7acb84> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pythonawesome.com/the-most-accessible-way-of-tinkering-with-a-gpt-one-hackable-script/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.809405 | 550 | 2.078125 | 2 |
I recently shared my top 5 tips for a healthier nighttime routine, which y’all seemed to love! I quickly realized that I couldn’t leave it at just that because morning routines are just as important, maybe even more so. While creating a healthy nighttime routine can set yourself up for a better night’s sleep and easier morning, a healthy morning routine has the power to set the stage for a better and more productive day!
These tips and tricks are based on my own experiences and research. They’ve personally helped me master the habits of a healthy morning routine and I hope you find them as beneficial as I do!
No More “Snoozing”
I know hitting the snooze button is fan favorite in the morning, but I’m going to challenge you to no longer “snooze.” Setting your alarm early enough to snooze it several times is nothing but unproductive. Continuously waking up, snoozing, and repeating the cycle will only cause you to feel groggy and unrested. Sound familiar? But, why is that the cause? Because it’s extremely interruptive for your sleep cycle. When your alarm first goes off, it breaks you out of a deep sleep, only to start the sleep cycle all over again after hitting snooze. Alternatively, I encourage you to set your alarm clock for the exact time you need to get up for the day and I dare you to not hit snooze!
Warm Lemon Water
Just as it’s important to hydrate before bed, it’s imperative that you re-hydrate when you wake up. I mean, think about it: your body just went 7-8 hours (hopefully) without any water. Of course you’ll wake up dehydrated! By adding fresh lemon juice to your water in the morning, you’re giving your digestive system a wake up call and preparing it to digest food throughout the day. Lemon helps prime the digestive track to flush out toxins, stimulate proper acid production, and boost the immune system with a little extra dose of vitamin C.
Workout, Stretch, or Just Move
I am a huge proponent of morning workouts. For one, it’s nice to check it off the list first thing in the morning. Secondly, how many times have afternoon/evening workouts been interrupted or completely derailed by unseen circumstances? Last minute doctor appointments, errands, happy hours, etc- the list of distractions in the evening is practically endless. Also, by working out first thing in the morning, you’re giving your brain and central nervous system a jumpstart on the day. In fact, working out in the morning in known to help you be more productive and stay energized throughout the day.
If you just can’t fathom the idea of working out first thing in the morning, I recommend minimally participating in a 10 minute yoga or stretching routine. Any morning movement is beneficial!
Read the Bible
I’ve realized that when I start my day in communication with Jesus, my day is just better. It’s like my mind and heart are trained for whatever comes my way. Am I perfect as a result? Absolute not. But, as I fill my mind with Scripture and truth in the morning, I am reminded of who Jesus is, who I am in Him, and how to live more like Jesus throughout the day. It doesn’t have to take hours on end, either. I spend 20-30 minutes reading my Bible, memorizing Scripture, journaling, and praying. Not every morning is perfect and some days I’m limited to 5 minutes. But, I’ve learned that a few minutes is better than nothing.
This is your friendly reminder that Jesus is anxiously waiting to communicate with you. So, however you feel most connected to and empowered by the Holy Spirit- reading, praying, journaling, worshipping- I encourage you to make it a part of your morning routine, before the craziness of the day begins.
I will be the first person to admit that I cannot function without breakfast in the morning. Anyone else? Regardless of your current breakfast habits, I’m begging you to start your day with a balanced meal! This doesn’t mean a venti coffee with cream and sugar. I’m talking about quality protein, carbs, and fats. Here are some quick and easy ideas if your mornings are rushed and on-the-go:
RX Bars, Lara Bars, or Epic Bars
Hard-boiled eggs and an apple
Banana with raw nut butter
Leftovers from dinner the night before
Now you know my secrets to a healthy morning routine! If you have a healthy morning habit that you just can’t do without, I’d love to hear it. Share it in the comments below! | <urn:uuid:a15d3359-7c03-4bf1-82e1-03cd7faf2f26> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nourishedbykelseynicole.com/5-steps-to-a-healthier-morning-routine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.93968 | 1,018 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Sermon originally delivered at Calvary Community Church in New Berlin, WI. Text: Matthew 20:1-16
“It’s not fair!” I would protest.
I am the oldest of three boys, and as is typical for siblings, and perhaps especially older children, I was hyper-aware to perceived unfairness. It is almost this primal preservation instinct, that we have to compete in order to gain the things we need to survive. Of course, I was not arguing for something crucial for my survival, it was always something comparably trivial.
This often happened when the two of us would fight, and we would both be punished. “But I didn’t start it!” I would say. “It takes two to fight,” they would reply. “But it’s not fair!” I would protest. “Life isn’t fair” would come the reply.
These words would come to me regularly, “Life isn’t fair.”
As a child I never really understood what they were getting at, but as an adult I understand, and I am learning more and more with each passing year. We like to think that the way that we do things is fair. If you do the right things, you will be successful. If you are good at your job you won’t find yourself unemployed. Except this isn’t the way things work. Fantastic workers find themselves unemployed. People with college degrees find themselves in living a homeless shelter. People who live within their means can still find a foreclosure notice come through the mail. But we live in a society that has the illusion of fairness, and we hold up fairness as the peak virtue. But life isn’t fair, as my parents reminded me so often. Life isn’t fair.
And here we have a story which, if we are honest, rubs us the wrong way. It is a story which is unfair, incredibly so.
Jesus begins his parable with, “The kingdom of heaven is like…”
The kingdom of heaven is like a farmer who went out early in the morning to the town square, the marketplace, the place where day laborers gathered to wait for work.
This story reminds me of John. John was a day laborer. Every day he would get up at four in the morning so that he could catch the bus, if he was able, or walk the few miles to the agency so that he could be there at five to try to find work that day. He would never know if there would be work, some days he would work. Other days he would go home without work. It is a true hand-to-mouth life. In many ways, this is not that much different today as it was then. Day laborers would gather at a central location and hope that someone would come and hire them.
So this landowner needs helpers, so he goes and finds some to work. The day goes on and he sees that he will need more workers and so he goes back, and finds people who had still not been hired, and so he hired them as well. He does this again, and again. He goes back in late in the day, one hour before the work day was done and finds more people there. “Why are you here?” he asks. We cannot see the world “idle” and think lazy.
These people needed work so badly they stayed there in the off-chance that someone would come and hire them. “Why are you here?” he asks them. “Because no one has hired us,” they reply. So he hires them and they come to work in his vineyard.
As is typical, by the time that the day is over, it comes time to get paid. It would have been typical to begin with the people who were there first, and pay them first, as it is only fair. But the landowner does not do this, he starts with those hired last, and he gives them a Denarius, a full day’s wage. I can only imagine how excited the people down the line must have felt. Perhaps they were calculating in their head. Maybe I would get five, six, maybe even ten denarii.
He moves to those who had been there a few hours, and gives them also a denarius. I can imagine at this point people would begin to wonder exactly what is going on.
By the time that he came to the first to be paid, and he gave them also the day’s wage.
But it’s not fair! they protested. They only worked an hour and we worked all day in the heat and the sun, and you paid them the same as us! The landowner reminds them that he paid them what he promised, and that he chose to pay others the same. After all, they too have families to feed and mortgages to pay.
You see, from the perspective of those trying desperately to find work but no one hiring them, but for the last hour of the day, this landowner was being merciful. But from the perspective of those who had labored all day, he was being unjust. They had worked longer, they deserved to be paid more. It isn’t fair. And it is true, it isn’t fair.
And I think that this is what bends our noses about this passage. Even though the first ones hired were paid what they were promised, no less, this fundamentally isn’t fair. People should get what they deserve, and what they receive should be in proportion to what they do, right?
This parable, like so many others, functions as a mirror for us. When we think we are on top we plead for fairness, but when we think that we are an underdog, we plead for mercy. When I’ve put in the long day under the sweltering heat, I want fairness, but when no one wants to hire me, and the weight of providing for my family weighs on my shoulders and I stay out, desperately hoping that someone will hire me, I prefer mercy.
I wonder, where might you see yourself in this parable? Are you one of the first laborers hired who worked long hours under the hot sun. Perhaps you are the one who found themselves fortunate enough to be hired, even as it seemed as though there might not be a place.
Perhaps you compare what is given to you with what is given to the others and find that you are left wanting. Perhaps you are so overwhelmed with gratitude at the mercy of the landowner.
Perhaps you can see yourself in both groups of workers. In fact, this is often the case, that we can find ourselves in not only one character but several, and from those different perspectives we can see things a bit differently, and we can learn more about what it says about who we are and who God is and who we are in relationship to God.
The most shocking lesson that we learn from this is that God isn’t fair. We like the idea of a fair God. We like the idea that we can choose what to do, or not to do. We like the idea that God will give us what we deserve, and reward us in proportion. But God is not fair, and this is a good thing. Why is it good? Because if God gave to us what we deserve we would be in trouble, we would never enter the kingdom of heaven, we would be lost. God is not fair, and this is the best news that one can learn. God is not fair, but God is merciful and gracious.
This landowner did not have to pay everyone a full day’s wage, but he chose to. Those who worked the longest were not cheated or shorted, they were given what was due to them. But the wideness of the landowner’s mercy showed when he gave to everyone what they needed.
The kingdom of heaven is like…a vineyard where God calls so many people and provides for their needs. This is a marvelous view of the kingdom of heaven, isn’t it?
But this is not just for that some point in the distant future. Indeed, Jesus preaches that the kingdom of heaven is at hand, and we know that the kingdom of heaven began with the life, death, resurrection and ascension of Jesus and is slowly unfolding, slowly continuing its progress of renewing and redeeming all of creation until the final consummation, when all things will be made right.
So, Jesus is not telling this parable to tell people about heaven, Jesus is telling this parable to help them understand about their lives here and now as well, and what God desires of their lives. And so I wonder as well if there is a third role in which we can find ourselves, that of the landowner.
Jesus was not about saving souls but redeeming lives. Jesus is not interested in getting people into heaven when they die, but about transforming creation to reflect the original created order, and perhaps the land owner is a role for some of us to consider, to not be so concerned about fairness, but about mercy and grace. As a culture we are obsessed with fairness, because this is what we think to be the highest virtue — and we cannot even do this. But for followers of Christ, fairness is not the goal, fairness is the beginning point, fairness is crawling. Mercy and grace — this is what it is to walk. Mercy is fairness-plus-plus.
So, sisters and brothers, let us remember that God is merciful beyond comprehension, thankfully not dealing with us the way that we deserve, but dealing with us out of God’s immense love for us and for creation, giving us far more than we deserve or can earn. And let us remember that we, as the church, are called to be a foretaste for the kingdom of heaven, and that we, too, are called to show forth mercy and grace, and through our actions, others can see God. | <urn:uuid:0132560e-5764-4d61-9e16-bf29106827fc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://matthewvanm.com/2015/03/03/the-unfair-mercy-of-god/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.985758 | 2,101 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Paragraph On Online Education For Students
Distance learning is the necessity of time being for the present time of the extreme pandemic. That’s why students are asked to write Paragraph on online education to justify their knowledge about it. here is some paragraph on the online education system for the student of different classes.
Short Paragraph On Online Education 150 Words
Online education opens a new era of teaching and learning. the progression of the students of all departments accelerates via it during the climax of the pandemic. Though the very first-time online teaching methods seem an inconvenience to all, gradually the teacher and students absorb the system and enjoy the benefits of online education. Online educations have a vast range of advantages. It allows the student to attend classes from everywhere. on the other hand, it reduces the barrier of national and international distance.
The only requirement that a student or a teacher needs to fulfill is to have a smartphone or a pc with a nonstop internet connection. Through online classes, they can learn more about a topic from the internet. They can communicate and collaborate with students of different countries and cultures. Moreover, it enhances their technological knowledge which helps them in acquiring further knowledge.
Long Paragraph On Online Education 250 Words
With the blessings of modern science and technology education system gets a new dimension. Online education breaks out the barrier of time and distance of education. Unlike the traditional method of physical classroom online teaching and learning system includes many advanced features. There are no bindings of online resources and time limitations.
In modern days most educational institutions move to online education so that no hindrance stops the study of the students. Students can learn from different corners of the country. Moreover, they can attend international seminars and courses for which they don’t need to leave their countries. it improves their skills of communication with the students of a different culture. They can learn about the language, tradition, and ways of life through an online class.
Though there are many benefits of online education it also has some disadvantages too. Students of lower-class increase dependency on the internet which makes them idle to research over books. Moreover, maintaining accuracy in the assessment over the internet is very tough. On the other hand, many students of rural areas can’t effort to manage a smartphone, laptop, or nonstop internet connection to attend online classes.
Above all online educational systems enhance the efficiency of teachers and students. In online education, a student can record the lesson. it helps him to attend the class later if he can’t attend it for any emergency purpose. So despite some shortcomings, online classes are preferable during a hard time of the pandemic. | <urn:uuid:d1f5c433-59c5-4bef-b9cd-5389d50d765b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://writingoption.com/paragraph-on-online-education-for-students/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.945128 | 546 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Stabilty of antibodies
mdoherty at pop.niaid.nih.gov
Mon Aug 18 10:29:11 EST 1997
In article <251C903671A at rna.bio.mq.edu.au>, cweir at RNA.BIO.MQ.EDU.AU ("Chris
> Hello All,
> I have a question regarding accelerated stability of Labelled
> antibodies. I seem to remember that 1 week at 37 c equals one month
> at 4 c. Does anyone know of any papers on this type of work?
> or any suggestions to get good data.
I don't know of any papers, but from practical experience, almost all
antibodies will remain stable at 4C for years rather than months,
particularly if stored at reasonably high concentrations (1 mg/ml or
better) or in the presence of an equivalent amount of other proteins.
More information about the Immuno | <urn:uuid:9ff52ade-d77e-4518-80fa-543c604847aa> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/immuno/1997-August/010849.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00231-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.888115 | 200 | 1.820313 | 2 |
This article examines an agreement that has been reached between the provincial government and its universities and colleges that will oblige the institutions to choose areas of specialty and avoid expensive overlap.
Appropriate Subject Area(s):
Careers, business studies
Key Questions to Explore:
- Where in the job market are the greatest opportunities?
- What post-secondary avenues are open to students?
- How are these various options valuable in preparing for future careers?
Areas of specialty
Access to the Internet
Introduction to lesson and task:
Many research studies show the long term career benefits of a post-secondary education. As a result, there are ever increasing expectations that students will go on to pursue some form of post-secondary education or training. Certainly socio-economic conditions affect the likelihood of an individual following this path. As the needs of a dynamic workplace change, however, it is becoming increasingly important for students to pursue some form of post-secondary education and those without such training are at a definite disadvantage. Universities and colleges have recognized this increased demand and have attempted to develop programs to attract as many students as possible. This has resulted in program overlap and increased funding costs. In an effort to curb these unnecessary overlaps, reduce costs and develop the depth and nature of existing programs, the Ontario provincial government has reached an agreement with its universities and colleges to develop specialized centres. The idea is that, with specialization, these schools will be better able to offer more depth and better address the needs of the economy. This raises the issues of what avenues best meet the future needs of the country and what each of these offers the students in terms of a viable, satisfying career. This lesson will have the students explore the various options and consider the pros and cons of each.
Action (lesson plan and task):
- Begin the lesson by asking the students to indicate if they have decided on a career or educational direction to follow once they have finished their secondary education. Ask them to indicate the institution if appropriate.
- Compile a list of their responses and then review each and ask the students who identified that choice why they selected it.
- Discuss with them whether or not the identified locations or programs have a specific specialty or reputation.
- Inform them that the provincial government has reached an agreement with the provincial universities and colleges to establish specific site-based specialty programs.
- Provide them with a copy of the article and allow them time to read it.
- Get their reactions to what they have just read.
- Having done this, work with them to establish a list of possible avenues for post secondary training or education.
- With this list established, divide the class into groups, depending upon their interest in a specific avenue, and have them research and respond to the following questions:
- How does this specific post-secondary education or training prepare you for a future career?
- Do the job trend statistics indicate that this post-secondary experience meets current or future economic needs?
Consolidation of Learning:
- Ask the students to review the information presented by the groups and evaluate whether or not they believe that certain specific post-secondary routes are viable in preparing a person for a meaningful and long-lasting career.
- The students will be able to identify various avenues of post-secondary education and training and be able to indicate whether or not that direction meets long term job market needs.
- For homework assign the following question:
As you consider the future, what do you see as typical working conditions and where do you believe the greatest job demands will be? | <urn:uuid:65dc7184-dd22-4968-bca5-9a472cdc6eb6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nextgenedition.com/ontario-unveils-deal-with-universities-colleges-to-specialize-programs-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.956304 | 745 | 2.75 | 3 |
Outdated EPA Regulations May Increase Asbestos Exposure
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has an antiquated and inadequate policy in place that allows the release of asbestos-contaminated wastewater and threatens public health, according to the Office of Inspector General
The EPA’s National Emission Standard for Asbestos, first issued in 1973, includes a provision that still permits the demolition of structurally unsound buildings without first removing asbestos products often resulting in toxic runoff and contaminated soil.
“Demolitions may be releasing potentially harmful amounts of asbestos into the environment,” said Michael Wilson, toxicologist who helped author the June OIG report. “The amount of asbestos released into runoff wastewater can often
exceed the legally reportable quantity.”
The renovation, remodeling or demolition of older structures becomes particularly dangerous if microscopic asbestos fibers are disturbed. An exposure can lead to serious asbestos-related health issues such as mesothelioma, asbestosis or lung cancer.
The report is based on the EPA’s Alternative Asbestos Control Method (AACM) experiments from 2005 to 2011 that included demolition procedures and collection of data on the release of asbestos into the environment.
It also was based on buildings that were constructed with asbestos cement products and asbestos-containing joint compound. Both building materials were common in new construction before 1980.
Wilson said the result of the demolitions likely would violate the EPA’s Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act if the reportable quantity of asbestos was released.
Public Health Risk Needs Reassessment
He believes the EPA should reassess the public health risk from the contaminated wastewater caused by the demolitions.
The report made four recommendations:
- Evaluate the potential public health risk from the release of asbestos fibers through untreated discharge of runoff wastewater.
- Issue a technical report that details the findings and is available to the public.
- Based on the technical report, implement any action needed in a timely manner.
- Share and discuss any regulatory changes and enforcement.
Asbestos was a common building material throughout much of the 20th century. It was once lauded for its ability to strengthen and fireproof at a reasonable cost. However, research showed it also was toxic, becoming a serious health risk as it aged and became airborne.
The EPA and its regulations are credited for the dramatic decline in the use of asbestos products in commercial and residential construction over the last 40 years.
EPA Disagrees with Critics
The EPA responded to the report by disagreeing with the OIG findings, believing the AACM experiments did not provide an appropriate basis for comparison.
“We disagree with the recommendations in this draft report However, we share the OIG’s concern regarding the potential for asbestos exposure,” wrote Janet McCabe, EPA acting assistant administrator, in an accompanying attachment to the report. “We recognize asbestos as a known human carcinogen, and note that there is no known safe level of exposure to asbestos.”
McCabe said the original National Emission Standards for Asbestos regulation was last amended in 1990, and a variety of work practices have been developed to prevent contamination of nearby properties. She also admitted a lack of clarity in the amendment.
“These documents are disparate and dated, and we believe could be reviewed, revised and consolidated into a single guidance document,” she wrote.
She also said the EPA will complete the project before April 2016 and take the following actions:
- Assemble a team of asbestos experts and inspectors to advise and assist.
- Review the rule applicability regarding containment of asbestos-contaminated waste materials and revise existing guidance documents.
- Compile implementation guidelines.
- Review applicability determinations issued by regional offices.
- Review existing sampling and analysis methods that are applicable to asbestos in various media and incorporate into the guidance.
- Consolidate into a single set of guidance materials and implement them.
- EPA.gov. (2015, June 16). EPA Should Update Guidance to Address the Release of Potentially Harmful Quantities of Asbestos That Can Occur Under EPAs Asbestos Demolition Standard. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/20150616-15-p-0168.pdf
- EPA.gov. (2016, June 16). EPA's Asbestos Guidance Podcast Overview with Michael Wilson. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/oig/reports/2015/report_15-P-0168_podcast_06-16-2015.mp3 | <urn:uuid:a1d0beae-1cf5-47b4-933b-e6604048c079> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.asbestos.com/news/2015/07/06/environmental-protection-agency-asbestos-regulations/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00041-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93766 | 950 | 3.203125 | 3 |
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Online Yoga Teacher Ed: Dr. Ray Long on Stabilizing the Shoulder in Downward Facing Dog
Shoulder pain is one of the problems that comes up in yoga, especially with folks who are doing Vinyasa based practice. The underlying cause of the pain can be multifactorial, but it is frequently related to impingement of the rotator cuff and subsequent inflammation of the cuff tendon (specifically the supraspinatus muscle).
Inflammation of the tendon, in turn, affects function of the shoulder. Weakness or instability in the shoulder can then lead to abnormal pressures at the wrist, causing pain there as well. Thus, stabilizing the shoulders has beneficial effects beyond the shoulders. It is a complex process involving strengthening the core and then linking the strong core to the shoulders.
With this in mind, let’s look at one of the key factors in shoulder impingement, namely, the acromio-humeral interval. This refers to the distance between the undersurface of the acromion and the humeral head, as measured using radiology instruments (x-ray, ultrasound, mri). The acromion is a shelf of bone on the scapula, above the scapular spine (seen in Figure 1). It serves as the attachment for the deltoid muscle. The humeral head articulates with the shoulder joint and serves as the attachment for the muscles of the rotator cuff (on the greater and lesser tuberosities). Factors that decrease the space between the acromion and humeral head can lead to inflammation of the cuff tendon due to compression between the two bones.
(Figure 1: The acromio-humeral interval.)
Research has shown that contracting the main adductor muscles of the shoulder serves to increase the acromio-humeral distance. These include the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi. Co-contracting the biceps and triceps muscles when the arms are overhead can also draw the humerus away from the glenoid, as shown in Figure 2. Finally, externally rotating the shoulder humerus moves the vulnerable area of the supraspinatus tendon away from the area where it would impinge on the acromion.
(Figure 2: The long head of the triceps and short head of the biceps in relation to the gleno-humeral joint with the arms overhead.)
Here’s the cue…
Warm up first a bit. Then, take Downward-Facing Dog pose. I use three steps for the shoulders. Go slowly and use gentle engagements.
Contract the triceps to straighten your elbows. Then, press the mound at the base of your index fingers into your mat to engage the forearm pronator muscles.
Next, fix your palms into the mat and try to drag the hands towards each other. This engages the adductor muscles of the shoulders as well as the biceps.
Finally, gently roll the shoulders outward. This externally rotates the humerus bone and helps to bring the greater tuberosity away from the undersurface of the acromion.
(Figure 3: Attempt to drag the hands towards one another. This engages the shoulder adductors. Then externally rotate the shoulders.)
As a final adjustment, I like to link the action of the shoulders to the lower extremities. The cue for this is to engage your lower gluteus max and adductor magnus muscles by drawing in with the upper inner thighs and then attempt to drag your feet away from the hands. Feel how this stabilizes your pose. See Figure 4 for the graphics.
(Figure 4: Engage the lower parts of the gluteus maximus and adductor magnus as you attempt to drag the feet away from the hands to stabilize the pose.)
Bear in mind that shoulder stability is a complex process. The shoulders are linked to the core; so building a strong core leads to stable shoulders. Stable shoulders help to protect the wrists, and so on.
More on shoulder safety from YogaUOnline and Olga Kabel - 3 Essential Steps to Protecting Your Shoulders in Yoga
Reprinted with permission from the dailybanda.com
Author, Ray Long MD, FRCSC is a board certified orthopedic surgeon and the founder of Bandha Yoga. Ray graduated from The University of Michigan Medical School with post-graduate training at Cornell University, McGill University, The University of Montreal and Florida Orthopedic Institute. He has studied hatha yoga for over twenty years, training extensively with B.K.S. Iyengar and other leading yoga masters.
3d Graphic Designer / Illustrator Chris Macivor has been involved in the field of digital content creation for well over ten years. He is a graduate of Etobicoke School of the Arts, Sheridan College and Seneca College. Chris considers himself to be equally artististic and technical in nature. As such his work has spanned many genres from film and television to videogames and underwater imagery.
- Graichen H1, Bonel H, Stammberger T, Englmeier KH, Reiser M, Eckstein F. Subacromial space width changes during abduction and rotation--a 3-D MR imaging study. Surg Radiol Anat. 1999;21(1):59-64.
- Hinterwimmer S1, Von Eisenhart-Rothe R, Siebert M, Putz R, Eckstein F, Vogl T, Graichen H. Influence of adducting and abducting muscle forces on the subacromial space width. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003 Dec;35(12):2055-9. | <urn:uuid:740ca4d5-f817-4e96-bbe9-2a26d9570834> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.yogauonline.com/yogau-wellness-blog/online-yoga-teacher-ed-dr-ray-long-stabilizing-shoulder-downward-facing-dog | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00253-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.906893 | 1,194 | 2.328125 | 2 |
While the main thrust of the article argues for tweaking climate modeling computers, the reason the climate modeling computers should be tweaked is that coal production will "peak" in 2011, according to research published by Professor Tad Patzek, Chair of the Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering Department at UT at Austin:
Based on widely accepted studies predicting coal production will peak and decline after 2011, Patzek warns climate change predictions should be revised to account for this inevitable peak and decline. His research appears in the internationally peer-reviewed journal, Energy, The International Journal.
Credible forecasts of coal production, by contrast, predict a 50 percent reduction over the next 50 years.
Professor Patzek will never be accused of being a champion of current IPCC climate models, claiming they are based on "the common myth of 200-400 years of coal supply." The Professor and his associate go on to say that IPCC "policy considerations . . . appear to be unconstrained by geophysics."
What these Professors seem to fail to grasp is the magnitude of coal peaking in 2011 viz-a-viz the energy needs of an exponentially growing worldwide population, and the energy growth required to fuel market capitalism. Insufficient energy inputs into the economy mean inevitable economic decline, perhaps collapse, and the world's population will necessarily suffer painful dislocations.
Intending the following comments toward climate modelers, I ask the reader, instead, to consider the ramifications of the comments with respect to future energy production models:
"Governments worldwide are basing their policy decisions on the uninterrupted increase of coal and oil production worldwide," says Patzek. "These policy decisions will be inherently in error, and will lead to expensive and false technological solutions."
The problem with "peak oil" is exactly the problem with "peak coal" -- The "easy" coal is gone:
The paper provides a physical model of historical and future production of coal worldwide. The model demonstrates that despite enormous coal deposits globally, coal production rates will decline because the deposits show increasing inaccessibility and decreasing coal seam thickness, according to the research.
For me at least, the idea of coal "peaking" in 2011 is quite startling. I don't think I've ever seen a date so close for coal. I've always thought coal would peak sometime between 2035-2050.
If Professor Patzek is correct about "peak coal," then if humans are going to invent a way out of the oncoming energy crisis, I'm thinking we better get started pretty doggone soon now.
But like climate deniers, energy deniers will block intensive efforts to develop alternative energy sources into the foreseeable future. On this, I hope I am incorrect. | <urn:uuid:a7ffdf3b-1f32-44a7-9267-239ca68b731c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://peakoil.com/forums/post1059357.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00072-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94353 | 551 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Writing Precise Explanations of Graphic/Tabular Display of Economic Data
Purpose: This assignment asks for short, precise explanations of economic data displayed in graphs and tables.
Background and Pedagogical Rationale: This assignment emphasizes precise thinking and language. Students are often insensitive to the units of measure employed in data presentation. They might look at a graph displaying GDP trends and claim that GDP is falling, when, in fact, the rate of growth has simply declined. They have similar problems with totals and averages.
Unfortunately, it is apparent that students do not grow out of this problem naturally. Our department's advisory board complains loudly about the "sloppy thinking" that characterizes young hires. They go on and on about how junior members of their teams prepare terrible numerical graphics for presentations and then go on to talk about the poor quality of data contained in these presentations—wrong units, wrong periods, bad conclusions.
In order to receive a good grade on this assignment, students need to be sensitive to the units of measure in each source and be precise in what they need to measure. Also, because students are often insensitive to selection bias, they need to be aware of how dependent results can be to the sample selected for observation.
Context for Use
Description and Teaching Materials
- Macroeconomics, Principles and Policy, William J. Baumol and Alan S. Blinder, 10th edition, Thomson South-Western, 2006.
- "Developing Economies Face Reckoning as U.S. Stumbles," Wall Street Journal, Patrick Barta and Marcus Walker, January 24, 2008
- "Declining International Inequality and Economic Divergence: Reviewing the Evidence Through Different Lenses," Francois Bourguignon, Victoria Levin & David Rosenblatt, Economie Internationale, 100 (2004), p. 13-25. | <urn:uuid:6c0051c0-9e79-4518-bdc4-3652d8efadbe> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://serc.carleton.edu/sp/carl_ltc/quantitative_writing/examples/31807.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00275-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920534 | 377 | 3.453125 | 3 |
The ubiquitous red-black-and-white blur soon will disappear, marking the end of a cozy 32-year marriage between two corporate icons.
Big Tobacco and Big Cars will say goodbye on friendly terms, each feeling giddy with the divorce settlement.
NASCAR rose to national prominence with the tobacco money, estimated at $50 million in yearly sponsorship approaching the new millennium. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. found a way to effectively circumvent a cigarette advertisement ban passed by Congress in 1970.
"Winston Cup Racing was unquestionably the most cost-effective campaign in advertising history," said Dr. Alan Blum, an anti-smoking activist who is a professor of family medicine at the University of Alabama and director of the school's Center for the Study of Tobacco and Society. "No brand of any product got more mileage at a cheaper rate than RJR did with NASCAR."
Studies document the big-bang theory: There can be as many as 6,000 sightings or mentions of tobacco-company product names or logos during a 90-minute broadcast of a major motor-racing event.
With the sponsorship shift from RJR to Nextel for the 2004 season, NASCAR joins other major sports organizations in a move toward more acceptable partnerships. The Winston Cup logos will go to the graveyard of other politically incorrect images: Cartoon-cool character Joe Camel; the Marlboro Man, whose silhouette rose above the outfield walls of major-league stadiums; and the slim-figured Virginia Slims lady, lighting up in honor of women's pro tennis.
Despite RJR getting bumped off the NASCAR circuit, motorsports remains one of the last places where tobacco companies can find a marketing ally.
"RJR has been great to the series, great for NASCAR, the drivers and everybody else," NASCAR veteran Sterling Marlin said. "It's really brought our sport to the forefront. It's kind of a shame, but you kind of see the handwriting on the wall."
Those walls of opportunity are closing throughout the world. The Olympic Games have been tobacco-free (refusing tobacco sponsorships and prohibiting smoking in venues) since 1988. World Cup soccer -- considered the world's biggest sporting event -- went tobacco-free in 2002.
Phillip Morris -- the leading sponsor of Formula One racing -- will continue only "low-key" sponsorships after England implemented a ban on all tobacco advertising, sponsorship and promotion. The bill made Formula One a special case, allowing a three-year extension until 2006 to implement the ban.
The top driver in the series is a Marlboro Man. Michael Schumacher takes in an estimated $45 million in sponsorship money from Marlboro.
Regardless of their preference for open-wheel or stock-car racing, drivers rarely have stopped to question the message that critics insist comes with tobacco sponsorships. The subliminal wink of approval, they say, helps recruit more smokers to a group whose numbers reach 46 million in the United States. The U.S. government has estimated that the tobacco industry contributes to the death of more than 400,000 Americans every year.
At most NASCAR stops, a Winston booth is set up where fans can fill out surveys and get samples of Winston products. Working space at infield press boxes have cartons of cigarettes for media and public relations staff. Souvenir stands are stocked with hats, T-shirts and other merchandise promoting the Winston brand, some suitable to be worn by children.
"I don't think too many of these drivers are stupid enough to argue whether smoking causes cancer," Blum said. "It's astounding what kind of silly games are played, and you can only imagine how many people were affected because no one in auto racing was willing to speak up."
Money breeds loyalty, though, and when reflecting on NASCAR history, RJR unquestionably helped build an empire when it agreed to sponsor the Winston Cup series beginning in 1971.
Today, NASCAR is considered the second-most popular sport in the United States behind the NFL, has a $2.8 billion TV contract and is continuing to stretch its influence into bigger markets.
"There will always be cynics regarding anything to do with the commercialization of professional sports," NASCAR spokesman Terrence Burns said. "RJR and NASCAR formed a relationship when they needed each other. ... We stress that we value that relationship and will always honor that relationship."
That loyalty extends deep among the NASCAR family.
"The house I grew up in and the land that we have and all that, R.J. Reynolds bought it," driver Kyle Petty he said.
RJR's parent company reported a loss of $59 million in the three months ending Dec. 31, 2002. The shaky financial footing of RJR prompted the company to give NASCAR the go-ahead to begin courting other sponsors.
George Diaz is a reporter for the Orlando Sentinel, a Tribune Publishing newspaper. | <urn:uuid:422c3473-8f4b-44e3-9132-a17c8ca8f939> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://articles.dailypress.com/2003-07-02/sports/0307020088_1_tobacco-sponsorships-tobacco-advertising-big-tobacco | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00229-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944497 | 996 | 1.53125 | 2 |
This module is reserved for your Paper 2 – Literary Analysis.
(1) Find a short story (any story of your choice) that lends itself to interpretations of race or gender. Choose a story that we have not discussed in the course.
(2) If you want, instead of a short story, you can also choose a novel or a film. Please note, your paper has to be on fiction/literary.
(3) You need to interpret the story by commenting on the plot, themes, symbols, literary techniques like irony and so on, title, characterization and setting, and how they contribute towards the story’s theme(s) of race and gender. You can pick and choose from this list and do not have to include all in your analysis.
(4) This will be a 5 page paper, excluding the ‘Works Cited’ page (12 font size, Times New Roman, and Double-spaced). Format it in the MLA 8th or APA style. Check our Purdue OWL website for more on the formatting.
(5) Your paper must also have a formal title of its own.
(6) Write an Introduction with a thesis statement, construct well-defined paragraphs, and write a conclusion to sum up your discussion.
(7) More importantly, go beyond the plot/story. I want you to interpret the story, and therefore the tone should be persuasive or argumentative. Consider this as an chance to show off your critical thinking and analytical skills. You can discuss themes like race and gender and its representations in your chosen work.
(8) When analyzing themes of race and gender, you can agree or disagree with the author. comment on the stereotypes, or how the character(s) defy it or anything on those lines. You can critique the author as well the text.
(9) Use at least 3 different secondary sources to support your analysis. Extra credit will be given for those who use at least 2 printed secondary sources instead of relying only on the web. Also, you need to use textual examples/quotes to support your argument.
(10) If you cannot find critical articles specifically for your chosen text, you may use something that is related to your analysis in a broader sense. Please check with the librarian for more resources. There is also tutoring facilities available in our library for this purpose. Please make use of these resources.
Check the sample paper to get an idea. If you need help with any of this, feel free to email me or meet with a tutor in our Palisano Writing Center.
Due Date : Nov 30
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From February 4- 6, Marian University sophomores Natalie Butler and Aly Witkowski are working to remind the campus community about the transformation that can come from cancer by hosting Cancer Awareness Week on campus. The event includes talks from a nurse at St.Vincent Health, a student survivor, junior Phillip Ryan, and a local family dealing with cancer.
“All of these will be in some way very educational, whether it's the medical aspect, the faith aspect, or the relationships with other people aspect, and how they grow,” said Witkowski.
In addition to bringing the community together to talk about cancer, Butler and Witkowski are raising money for what they call a “Marian University Room” at the St.Vincent Hospital and Health Center. The Marian University Room will be themed to reflect “a person’s walk with Christ as they battle cancer”. The room will be occupied by families and children on the oncology floor of the Peyton Manning Children’s Hospital at St.Vincent.
“St.Vincent’s has invested so much of itself in Marian University and now we want to put Marian University into St. Vincent’s. It would be placing the faith side of Marian University as a source of hope for those who stay in the room and the doctors and nurses who treat in the room,” said Butler.
Cancer Awareness Week and the planned room are all a part of Butler and Witkowski’s sophomore service project for the San Damiano Scholars Program.
The San Damiano Scholars Program is offered to incoming students who are interested in becoming leaders in parishes, schools, health care, and not-for-profits. All San Damiano Scholars are required to come up with a service project their sophomore year that will benefit an outside charity or the Marian University community.
“The sophomore service project is an integral part of the overall San Damiano Scholars Program. The projects help students begin the transition into answering Jesus’ question, ‘Who do you say I am?’ But more importantly, the projects give students some ‘real-world’ experience with running a program before the junior- and senior-year internships,” said, Mark Erdosy, executive director of the San Damiano Scholar Program.
Anyone interested in donating to the Marian University Room can email Natalie Butler at [email protected]. For more information on the San Damiano Scholars Program, contact Mark Erdosy at [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:0541689a-e493-4022-a740-b6961d11e23a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://marian.edu/newsroom/newsitem/2014/02/04/students-host-cancer-awareness-week | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988725470.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183845-00075-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933209 | 529 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Exposure to chronic stress is a reliable predictor of depressive disorders, and social stress is a common ethologically relevant stressor in both animals and humans. However, many animal models of depression were developed in males and are not applicable or effective in studies of postpartum females. Recent studies have reported significant effects of chronic social stress during lactation, an ethologically relevant and effective stressor, on maternal behavior, growth, and behavioral neuroendocrinology. This manuscript will describe this chronic social stress paradigm using repeated exposure of a lactating dam to a novel male intruder, and the assessment of the behavioral, physiological, and neuroendocrine effects of this model. Chronic social stress (CSS) is a valuable model for studying the effects of stress on the behavior and physiology of the dam as well as her offspring and future generations. The exposure of pups to CSS can also be used as an early life stress that has long term effects on behavior, physiology, and neuroendocrinology.
14 Related JoVE Articles!
Intraductal Injection of LPS as a Mouse Model of Mastitis: Signaling Visualized via an NF-κB Reporter Transgenic
Institutions: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, University of Hawaii at Hilo College of Pharmacy.
Animal models of human disease are necessary in order to rigorously study stages of disease progression and associated mechanisms, and ultimately, as pre-clinical models to test interventions. In these methods, we describe a technique in which lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is injected into the lactating mouse mammary gland via the nipple, effectively modeling mastitis, or inflammation, of the gland. This simulated infection results in increased nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, as visualized through bioluminescent imaging of an NF-κB luciferase reporter mouse1
Our ultimate goal in developing these methods was to study the inflammation associated with mastitis in the lactating gland, which often includes redness, swelling, and immune cell infiltration2,3
. Therefore, we were keenly aware that incision or any type of wounding of the skin, the nipple, or the gland in order to introduce the LPS could not be utilized in our methods since the approach would likely confound the read-out of inflammation. We also desired a straight-forward method that did not require specially made hand-drawn pipettes or the use of micromanipulators to hold these specialized tools in place. Thus, we determined to use a commercially available insulin syringe and to inject the agent into the mammary duct of an intact nipple. This method was successful and allowed us to study the inflammation associated with LPS injection without any additional effects overlaid by the process of injection. In addition, this method also utilized an NF-κB luciferase reporter transgenic mouse and bioluminescent imaging technology to visually and quantitatively show increased NF-κB signaling within the LPS-injected gland4
These methods are of interest to researchers of many disciplines who wish to model disease within the lactating mammary gland, as ultimately, the technique described here could be utilized for injection of a number of substances, and is not limited to only LPS.
Medicine, Issue 67, mastitis, intraductal injection, NF-kappaB, reporter transgenic, LPS, bioluminescent imaging, lactation
Intracerebroventricular Viral Injection of the Neonatal Mouse Brain for Persistent and Widespread Neuronal Transduction
Institutions: Baylor College of Medicine, University of Florida, Baylor College of Medicine.
With the pace of scientific advancement accelerating rapidly, new methods are needed for experimental neuroscience to quickly and easily manipulate gene expression in the mouse brain. Here we describe a technique first introduced by Passini and Wolfe for direct intracranial delivery of virally-encoded transgenes into the neonatal mouse brain. In its most basic form, the procedure requires only an ice bucket and a microliter syringe. However, the protocol can also be adapted for use with stereotaxic frames to improve consistency for researchers new to the technique. The method relies on the ability of adeno-associated virus (AAV) to move freely from the cerebral ventricles into the brain parenchyma while the ependymal lining is still immature during the first 12-24 hr after birth. Intraventricular injection of AAV at this age results in widespread transduction of neurons throughout the brain. Expression begins within days of injection and persists for the lifetime of the animal. Viral titer can be adjusted to control the density of transduced neurons, while co-expression of a fluorescent protein provides a vital label of transduced cells. With the rising availability of viral core facilities to provide both off-the-shelf, pre-packaged reagents and custom viral preparation, this approach offers a timely method for manipulating gene expression in the mouse brain that is fast, easy, and far less expensive than traditional germline engineering.
Neuroscience, Issue 91, AAV, adeno-associated virus, viral transduction, neuronal transduction, intraventricular injection, neonatal injection, brain transgenesis, viral labeling
Determination of the Transport Rate of Xenobiotics and Nanomaterials Across the Placenta using the ex vivo Human Placental Perfusion Model
Institutions: University Hospital Zurich, EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, University of Bern.
Decades ago the human placenta was thought to be an impenetrable barrier between mother and unborn child. However, the discovery of thalidomide-induced birth defects and many later studies afterwards proved the opposite. Today several harmful xenobiotics like nicotine, heroin, methadone or drugs as well as environmental pollutants were described to overcome this barrier. With the growing use of nanotechnology, the placenta is likely to come into contact with novel nanoparticles either accidentally through exposure or intentionally in the case of potential nanomedical applications. Data from animal experiments cannot be extrapolated to humans because the placenta is the most species-specific mammalian organ 1
. Therefore, the ex vivo
dual recirculating human placental perfusion, developed by Panigel et al.
in 1967 2
and continuously modified by Schneider et al.
in 1972 3
, can serve as an excellent model to study the transfer of xenobiotics or particles.
Here, we focus on the ex vivo
dual recirculating human placental perfusion protocol and its further development to acquire reproducible results.
The placentae were obtained after informed consent of the mothers from uncomplicated term pregnancies undergoing caesarean delivery. The fetal and maternal vessels of an intact cotyledon were cannulated and perfused at least for five hours. As a model particle fluorescently labelled polystyrene particles with sizes of 80 and 500 nm in diameter were added to the maternal circuit. The 80 nm particles were able to cross the placental barrier and provide a perfect example for a substance which is transferred across the placenta to the fetus while the 500 nm particles were retained in the placental tissue or maternal circuit. The ex vivo
human placental perfusion model is one of few models providing reliable information about the transport behavior of xenobiotics at an important tissue barrier which delivers predictive and clinical relevant data.
Biomedical Engineering, Issue 76, Medicine, Bioengineering, Anatomy, Physiology, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Pharmacology, Obstetrics, Nanotechnology, Placenta, Pharmacokinetics, Nanomedicine, humans, ex vivo perfusion, perfusion, biological barrier, xenobiotics, nanomaterials, clinical model
Evaluation of Mammary Gland Development and Function in Mouse Models
Institutions: University of Western Ontario.
The human mammary gland is composed of 15-20 lobes that secrete milk into a branching duct system opening at the nipple. Those lobes are themselves composed of a number of terminal duct lobular units made of secretory alveoli and converging ducts1
. In mice, a similar architecture is observed at pregnancy in which ducts and alveoli are interspersed within the connective tissue stroma. The mouse mammary gland epithelium is a tree like system of ducts composed of two layers of cells, an inner layer of luminal cells surrounded by an outer layer of myoepithelial cells denoted by the confines of a basement membrane2
. At birth, only a rudimental ductal tree is present, composed of a primary duct and 15-20 branches. Branch elongation and amplification start at the beginning of puberty, around 4 weeks old, under the influence of hormones3,4,5
. At 10 weeks, most of the stroma is invaded by a complex system of ducts that will undergo cycles of branching and regression in each estrous cycle until pregnancy2
. At the onset of pregnancy, a second phase of development begins, with the proliferation and differentiation of the epithelium to form grape-shaped milk secretory structures called alveoli6,7
. Following parturition and throughout lactation, milk is produced by luminal secretory cells and stored within the lumen of alveoli. Oxytocin release, stimulated by a neural reflex induced by suckling of pups, induces synchronized contractions of the myoepithelial cells around the alveoli and along the ducts, allowing milk to be transported through the ducts to the nipple where it becomes available to the pups 8
. Mammary gland development, differentiation and function are tightly orchestrated and require, not only interactions between the stroma and the epithelium, but also between myoepithelial and luminal cells within the epithelium9,10,11
. Thereby, mutations in many genes implicated in these interactions may impair either ductal elongation during puberty or alveoli formation during early pregnancy, differentiation during late pregnancy and secretory activation leading to lactation12,13
. In this article, we describe how to dissect mouse mammary glands and assess their development using whole mounts. We also demonstrate how to evaluate myoepithelial contractions and milk ejection using an ex-vivo oxytocin-based functional assay. The effect of a gene mutation on mammary gland development and function can thus be determined in situ
by performing these two techniques in mutant and wild-type control mice.
Developmental Biology, Issue 53, mammary gland, whole mount, mouse model, mammary gland development, milk ejection
Construction of Vapor Chambers Used to Expose Mice to Alcohol During the Equivalent of all Three Trimesters of Human Development
Institutions: University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center.
Exposure to alcohol during development can result in a constellation of morphological and behavioral abnormalities that are collectively known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). At the most severe end of the spectrum is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), characterized by growth retardation, craniofacial dysmorphology, and neurobehavioral deficits. Studies with animal models, including rodents, have elucidated many molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of FASDs. Ethanol administration to pregnant rodents has been used to model human exposure during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Third trimester ethanol consumption in humans has been modeled using neonatal rodents. However, few rodent studies have characterized the effect of ethanol exposure during the equivalent to all three trimesters of human pregnancy, a pattern of exposure that is common in pregnant women. Here, we show how to build vapor chambers from readily obtainable materials that can each accommodate up to six standard mouse cages. We describe a vapor chamber paradigm that can be used to model exposure to ethanol, with minimal handling, during all three trimesters. Our studies demonstrate that pregnant dams developed significant metabolic tolerance to ethanol. However, neonatal mice did not develop metabolic tolerance and the number of fetuses, fetus weight, placenta weight, number of pups/litter, number of dead pups/litter, and pup weight were not significantly affected by ethanol exposure. An important advantage of this paradigm is its applicability to studies with genetically-modified mice. Additionally, this paradigm minimizes handling of animals, a major confound in fetal alcohol research.
Medicine, Issue 89, fetal, ethanol, exposure, paradigm, vapor, development, alcoholism, teratogenic, animal, mouse, model
Milk Collection Methods for Mice and Reeves' Muntjac Deer
Institutions: Colorado State University.
Animal models are commonly used throughout research laboratories to accomplish what would normally be considered impractical in a pathogen’s native host. Milk collection from animals allows scientists the opportunity to study many aspects of reproduction including vertical transmission, passive immunity, mammary gland biology, and lactation. Obtaining adequate volumes of milk for these studies is a challenging task, especially from small animal models. Here we illustrate an inexpensive and facile method for milk collection in mice and Reeves’ muntjac deer that does not require specialized equipment or extensive training. This particular method requires two researchers: one to express the milk and to stabilize the animal, and one to collect the milk in an appropriate container from either a Muntjac or mouse model. The mouse model also requires the use of a P-200 pipetman and corresponding pipette tips. While this method is low cost and relatively easy to perform, researchers should be advised that anesthetizing the animal is required for optimal milk collection.
Basic Protocol, Issue 89,
mouse, milk, murine, muntjac, doe
From Voxels to Knowledge: A Practical Guide to the Segmentation of Complex Electron Microscopy 3D-Data
Institutions: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Modern 3D electron microscopy approaches have recently allowed unprecedented insight into the 3D ultrastructural organization of cells and tissues, enabling the visualization of large macromolecular machines, such as adhesion complexes, as well as higher-order structures, such as the cytoskeleton and cellular organelles in their respective cell and tissue context. Given the inherent complexity of cellular volumes, it is essential to first extract the features of interest in order to allow visualization, quantification, and therefore comprehension of their 3D organization. Each data set is defined by distinct characteristics, e.g.
, signal-to-noise ratio, crispness (sharpness) of the data, heterogeneity of its features, crowdedness of features, presence or absence of characteristic shapes that allow for easy identification, and the percentage of the entire volume that a specific region of interest occupies. All these characteristics need to be considered when deciding on which approach to take for segmentation.
The six different 3D ultrastructural data sets presented were obtained by three different imaging approaches: resin embedded stained electron tomography, focused ion beam- and serial block face- scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM, SBF-SEM) of mildly stained and heavily stained samples, respectively. For these data sets, four different segmentation approaches have been applied: (1) fully manual model building followed solely by visualization of the model, (2) manual tracing segmentation of the data followed by surface rendering, (3) semi-automated approaches followed by surface rendering, or (4) automated custom-designed segmentation algorithms followed by surface rendering and quantitative analysis. Depending on the combination of data set characteristics, it was found that typically one of these four categorical approaches outperforms the others, but depending on the exact sequence of criteria, more than one approach may be successful. Based on these data, we propose a triage scheme that categorizes both objective data set characteristics and subjective personal criteria for the analysis of the different data sets.
Bioengineering, Issue 90, 3D electron microscopy, feature extraction, segmentation, image analysis, reconstruction, manual tracing, thresholding
Visualizing the Effects of a Positive Early Experience, Tactile Stimulation, on Dendritic Morphology and Synaptic Connectivity with Golgi-Cox Staining
Institutions: University of Lethbridge.
To generate longer-term changes in behavior, experiences must be producing stable changes in neuronal morphology and synaptic connectivity. Tactile stimulation is a positive early experience that mimics maternal licking and grooming in the rat. Exposing rat pups to this positive experience can be completed easily and cost-effectively by using highly accessible materials such as a household duster. Using a cross-litter design, pups are either stroked or left undisturbed, for 15 min, three times per day throughout the perinatal period. To measure the neuroplastic changes related to this positive early experience, Golgi-Cox staining of brain tissue is utilized. Owing to the fact that Golgi-Cox impregnation stains a discrete number of neurons rather than all of the cells, staining of the rodent brain with Golgi-Cox solution permits the visualization of entire neuronal elements, including the cell body, dendrites, axons, and dendritic spines. The staining procedure is carried out over several days and requires that the researcher pay close attention to detail. However, once staining is completed, the entire brain has been impregnated and can be preserved indefinitely for ongoing analysis. Therefore, Golgi-Cox staining is a valuable resource for studying experience-dependent plasticity.
Neuroscience, Issue 79, Brain, Prefrontal Cortex, Neurons, Massage, Staining and Labeling, mPFC, spine density, methodology, enrichment
Harvesting Sperm and Artificial Insemination of Mice
Institutions: University of California, Irvine (UCI).
Rodents of the genus Peromyscus (deer mice) are the most prevalent native North American mammals. Peromyscus species are used in a wide range of research including toxicology, epidemiology, ecology, behavioral, and genetic studies. Here they provide a useful model for demonstrations of artificial insemination.
Methods similar to those displayed here have previously been used in several deer mouse studies, yet no detailed protocol has been published. Here we demonstrate the basic method of artificial insemination. This method entails extracting the testes from the rodent, then isolating the sperm from the epididymis and vas deferens. The mature sperm, now in a milk mixture, are placed in the female’s reproductive tract at the time of ovulation. Fertilization is counted as day 0 for timing of embryo development. Embryos can then be retrieved at the desired time-point and manipulated.
Artificial insemination can be used in a variety of rodent species where exact embryo timing is crucial or hard to obtain. This technique is vital for species or strains (including most Peromyscus) which may not mate immediately and/or where mating is hard to assess. In addition, artificial insemination provides exact timing for embryo development either in mapping developmental progress and/or transgenic work. Reduced numbers of animals can be used since fertilization is guaranteed. This method has been vital to furthering the Peromyscus system, and will hopefully benefit others as well.
Developmental Biology, Issue 3, sperm, mouse, artificial insemination, dissection
Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease
Institutions: SRI International, University of California-Santa Cruz.
Lipoxygenase (LOX) activity has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, but its effects in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis are less understood. Gene-environment interaction models have utility in unmasking the impact of specific cellular pathways in toxicity that may not be observed using a solely genetic or toxicant disease model alone. To evaluate if distinct LOX isozymes selectively contribute to PD-related neurodegeneration, transgenic (i.e.
5-LOX and 12/15-LOX deficient) mice can be challenged with a toxin that mimics cell injury and death in the disorder. Here we describe the use of a neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), which produces a nigrostriatal lesion to elucidate the distinct contributions of LOX isozymes to neurodegeneration related to PD. The use of MPTP in mouse, and nonhuman primate, is well-established to recapitulate the nigrostriatal damage in PD. The extent of MPTP-induced lesioning is measured by HPLC analysis of dopamine and its metabolites and semi-quantitative Western blot analysis of striatum for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of dopamine. To assess inflammatory markers, which may demonstrate LOX isozyme-selective sensitivity, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Iba-1 immunohistochemistry are performed on brain sections containing substantia nigra, and GFAP Western blot analysis is performed on striatal homogenates. This experimental approach can provide novel insights into gene-environment interactions underlying nigrostriatal degeneration and PD.
Medicine, Issue 83, MPTP, dopamine, Iba1, TH, GFAP, lipoxygenase, transgenic, gene-environment interactions, mouse, Parkinson's disease, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation
A Microplate Assay to Assess Chemical Effects on RBL-2H3 Mast Cell Degranulation: Effects of Triclosan without Use of an Organic Solvent
Institutions: University of Maine, Orono, University of Maine, Orono.
Mast cells play important roles in allergic disease and immune defense against parasites. Once activated (e.g.
by an allergen), they degranulate, a process that results in the exocytosis of allergic mediators. Modulation of mast cell degranulation by drugs and toxicants may have positive or adverse effects on human health. Mast cell function has been dissected in detail with the use of rat basophilic leukemia mast cells (RBL-2H3), a widely accepted model of human mucosal mast cells3-5
. Mast cell granule component and the allergic mediator β-hexosaminidase, which is released linearly in tandem with histamine from mast cells6
, can easily and reliably be measured through reaction with a fluorogenic substrate, yielding measurable fluorescence intensity in a microplate assay that is amenable to high-throughput studies1
. Originally published by Naal et al.1
, we have adapted this degranulation assay for the screening of drugs and toxicants and demonstrate its use here.
Triclosan is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent that is present in many consumer products and has been found to be a therapeutic aid in human allergic skin disease7-11
, although the mechanism for this effect is unknown. Here we demonstrate an assay for the effect of triclosan on mast cell degranulation. We recently showed that triclosan strongly affects mast cell function2
. In an effort to avoid use of an organic solvent, triclosan is dissolved directly into aqueous buffer with heat and stirring, and resultant concentration is confirmed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry (using ε280
= 4,200 L/M/cm)12
. This protocol has the potential to be used with a variety of chemicals to determine their effects on mast cell degranulation, and more broadly, their allergic potential.
Immunology, Issue 81, mast cell, basophil, degranulation, RBL-2H3, triclosan, irgasan, antibacterial, β-hexosaminidase, allergy, Asthma, toxicants, ionophore, antigen, fluorescence, microplate, UV-Vis
Measuring Oral Fatty Acid Thresholds, Fat Perception, Fatty Food Liking, and Papillae Density in Humans
Institutions: Deakin University.
Emerging evidence from a number of laboratories indicates that humans have the ability to identify fatty acids in the oral cavity, presumably via fatty acid receptors housed on taste cells. Previous research has shown that an individual's oral sensitivity to fatty acid, specifically oleic acid (C18:1) is associated with body mass index (BMI), dietary fat consumption, and the ability to identify fat in foods. We have developed a reliable and reproducible method to assess oral chemoreception of fatty acids, using a milk and C18:1 emulsion, together with an ascending forced choice triangle procedure. In parallel, a food matrix has been developed to assess an individual's ability to perceive fat, in addition to a simple method to assess fatty food liking. As an added measure tongue photography is used to assess papillae density, with higher density often being associated with increased taste sensitivity.
Neuroscience, Issue 88, taste, overweight and obesity, dietary fat, fatty acid, diet, fatty food liking, detection threshold
Assessing Forelimb Function after Unilateral Cervical SCI using Novel Tasks: Limb Step-alternation, Postural Instability and Pasta Handling
Institutions: The University of Texas at Austin, The University of Texas at Austin, University of Florida.
Cervical spinal cord injury (cSCI) can cause devastating neurological deficits, including impairment or loss of upper limb and hand function. A majority of the spinal cord injuries in humans occur at the cervical levels. Therefore, developing cervical injury models and developing relevant and sensitive behavioral tests is of great importance. Here we describe the use of a newly developed forelimb step-alternation test after cervical spinal cord injury in rats. In addition, we describe two behavioral tests that have not been used after spinal cord injury: a postural instability test (PIT), and a pasta-handling test. All three behavioral tests are highly sensitive to injury and are easy to use. Therefore, we feel that these behavioral tests can be instrumental in investigating therapeutic strategies after cSCI.
Behavior, Issue 79, Behavior, Animal, Motor Activity, Nervous System Diseases, Wounds and Injuries, cervical spinal cord injury, lateral hemisection model, limb alternation, pasta handling, postural instability
Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells form Mammospheres During Lactogenic Differentiation
Institutions: F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD.
A phenotypic measure commonly used to determine the degree of lactogenic differentiation in mouse mammary epithelial cell cultures is the formation of dome shaped cell structures referred to as mammospheres 1
. The HC11 cell line has been employed as a model system for the study of regulation of mammary lactogenic differentiation both in vitro
and in vivo 2
. The HC11 cells differentiate and synthesize milk proteins in response to treatment with lactogenic hormones. Following the growth of HC11 mouse mammary epithelial cells to confluence, lactogenic differentiation was induced by the addition of a combination of lactogenic hormones including dexamethasone, insulin, and prolactin, referred to as DIP. The HC11 cells induced to differentiate were photographed at times up to 120 hours post induction of differentiation and the number of mammospheres that appeared in each culture was enumerated. The size of the individual mammospheres correlates with the degree of differentiation and this is depicted in the images of the differentiating cells.
Cellular Biology, Issue 32, Mammospheres, HC11, lactogenic differentiation, mammary | <urn:uuid:10399fc4-fbee-447c-ab4e-fbcc752344f6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.jove.com/visualize/abstract/23226470/milk-composition-during-lactation-suggests-mechanism-for-male-biased | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00124-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916798 | 5,799 | 2.25 | 2 |
Beyond Class, Only Commentary
Rereading the Licchavis’ Origin Story in Buddhist Contexts
Keywords:Nikāya Buddhism, Licchavis, Pāli Commentaries, class structure, narrative
The origin story of the Licchavis, retold in two commentaries on Nikaya texts, has received some scant attention in the modern scholastic record, yet has usually been either cast aside as so much myth or has been recast in thematic or structural studies that align it with other tales of incest, foundling narratives, or origin stories of gana-sanghas. This article argues against those interpretations and offers a thorough rereading of the story as not only encoding a class hierarchy but also, in so doing, critiquing the Brahmanical class structure and the concept of svabhava by birth. In this new interpretation of the story, and by reading it alongside other narratives, it becomes apparent that the origin story of the Licchavis makes sense within the context of the Buddhist commentaries where it is found. The account of their origins is not merely retelling an old story but furthering a Buddhist message.
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———. 2008. ‘Incestuous Ancestries: The Family Origins of Gautama Siddhartha, Abraham and Sarah in Genesis 20:12, and the Status of Scripture in Buddhism’. History of Religions 47(4): 253–281. https://doi.org/10.1086/589781
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Trautmann, Thomas. 1973. ‘Consanguineous Marriage in Pali Literature’. Journal of the American Oriental Society 93(2): 158–180. https://doi.org/10.2307/598890 | <urn:uuid:fc90b651-cf6c-4028-8dcb-d32b60224f57> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/9088 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.694385 | 1,828 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Google launched its Penguin Update in April 2012 to better catch sites deemed to be spamming its search results. This is primarily designed to boost Google rankings. When a new Google update is released, the sites that have taken action to remove bad links or who make every effort to remove spam have some effect on their rankings. Penguin update is now running in real time as a part of Google’s core algorithm. This update is already in effect and is available in a number of languages.
A comprehensive Guide To On- Page SEO
If you want to make your online presence felt, then it is important for you to ensure that you are up to date on on-page SEO basics. This is helpful in providing high performance for your site and visibility for your targeted audience. Over the past few years, the rules of this type of Search Engine has drastically changed making sure that Google is able to deliver some of the best results. On-Page SEO is the method of optimizing individual web pages to ensure that your company attains a higher rank and is able to earn more relevant traffic in search engines. It refers to both the content and the HTML source code of a page that can be optimized. The longer the users stay on your site, the better it will be for your website, providing an enhanced experience to the users.
- Implement Proper Tags: Another important aspect of your on-page SEO is the implementation of tags. Make sure that the tags are written and utilized optimally as this will be useful in improving traffic. These Meta tags are used as they provide search engines some information about your page. Including Meta tags on our site will increase your click rate.
- Title Tags: Title tag is also another important element that proves out to be helpful in your rankings. This title tag outlines what the particular page is about. To improve search results, Google looks at the title tag and compares it to the rest of the content that is available on the page. Keep your title tags descriptive and short. Make sure proper keywords and pertinent information are included.
- Use of Meta Description: Meta description is also a crucial aspect of increasing search results. In a way, the Meta description communicates what users will find on the particular page. The search engine sites read the Meta descriptions to determine the page’s topic. The length of Meta descriptions that will be visible on desktop and mobile devices will differ.
- Proper headings: To achieve excellent results the headings should not be overlooked, as they hold more weight on the page than a standard paragraph. The audience should be kept in mind while writing the headings and particular tags.
- Appropriate URL: Make sure to keep the URL short. The shorter the URL, the easier it is to share. Utilize the primary keywords in your URL, but make sure too much keyword stuffing is not there.
- Quality Content: Make sure your web page contains a well-written content that is available without any spelling or grammatical errors.
The goal of every business is to bring in maximum traffic to your website and generate conversions. A perfectly fabricated page creates an outstanding user experience and strengthens your brand. This will increase the traffic on your site and improve your search engine rankings.
The much-awaited moment is just a few weeks away when Google will lift the veil on its latest Penguin update. A Google insider revealed that the company should roll it out by the end of the first quarter. It has been more than a year since Google came forth with an update to its link spam algorithm, Penguin 3.0, launched back in October 2014. Technically speaking, it was viewed as more of a “refresh” than an update. The major reason attributed to it is the fact that it did not affect US English search queries by any chalk.
Before digging any deeper into it, let’s illustrate the difference between an algorithm update and an algorithm refresh.
Difference between Update and Refresh
An update does not introduce any additional signals to the algorithm. Unlike it, a refresh demotes sites, featuring spam signals, which were absent when the previous update was in operation. Apart from this, a refresh serves to assist sites who have their spam issues fixed since the last update.
Advancements in Algorithm over the Years
Prior to the introduction of Penguin 3.0, the Penguin 2.1, hit the market on October 2013, made huge waves across the digital landscape. The algorithm update was considered as the follow-up of Penguin 2.0, introduced way back in May 2013. As per Google, Penguin 2.0 was equipped with new spam-fighting technology. Moreover, it was the last instance when the search giant confirmed introducing new signals to the algorithm.
While the rumours have already begun to make rounds regarding what Google lays in store for us this time, we are less likely to hit the nail on the head until the update finally rolls out.
Twitter aims to roll out a new product, intended for the users to share tweets longer than 140-character, the limit previously enforced on Twitter. Although a cloud of indecision hangs over what the product would look like, sources have confirmed it will be primarily employed for publishing long-form content to the service. This is likely to change the face of Twitter as the 140-character limit has been associated with Twitter since it hit the market.
Long Awaited Notion
Individuals, who brought Twitter into use, thought things through from every conceivable angle. Further, expansion of character limit was fuelled by arguments among these individuals over the years. As a result, it prompted even people, who work in close association with Twitter, to chew upon the notion of increased character limit.
Necessary Proposition to Sustain Standing
Expansion of 140-character limit has been long overdue and it received an approving nod in recent months under interim CEO Jack Dorsey. This has been viewed as a decisive initiative along the lines of Twitter’s plans to dig up new ways to broaden its user base. While other prominent social networking avenues aspire and improvise to run Twitter off the digital terrain, this course of action will be an ideal counteract to it.
Follow-up of Recent Initiatives
Apart from the long-form product, execs have been tossing around ideas of integrating tinkering into Twitter by removing overheads of stuff such as links and user handles from 140-character count. However, some add-ons have been introduced in the recent past in this regard, Twitter cards, for instance. Although the 140-character limit still holds good for Twitter cards, they let the users, including advertisers, to harness potential abound of Twitter, by sharing lots of information. In April, Twitter introduced a “retweet with comment” option to widen the scope of comments on shared tweets.
Dorsey’s critical standpoint has paved the way for this potential change. Apart from this, it has always interested the multitude to witness Twitter evolving. As a result, this seemingly positive change may lure more numbers of users towards it. Furthermore, it is likely to set the trail for Twitter to mainstream audience, which gives a dim view to its 140-character count feature.
Since time immemorial, structured data and markups have helped webmasters create search result snippets richer. Usually initiated with a goal to increase the click-through rate from organic search results on leading search engines, most users miss on higher SERP rankings due to lack of attention on quality markup language.
Google from time and time again uses modifications in the ranking algorithm to make a web page rank better. Of course, adding structured markups to your pages won’t directly lead to a better PR.
But, that all may soon change!
In a recent Google Hangout session with Google’s Webmaster Trends Analyst, John Mueller, it came into spotlight that over the course of the next few months or years, structured markup is something that might go into the Search Engine rankings.
According to Mueller, Google currently doesn’t use this [markups] for ranking purpose. But over time, it may gradually start using it. Explaining concisely, he added: “If we can recognize someone looking for a car, we can tell them, we have these pages that are marked up with structured data of a car. This can be pretty useful in depicting results that really matter.”
Of course it makes sense to use structured data for depicting relevant results, but one shouldn’t assume that using structured data markup can make a site jump up in the rankings automatically. A structured data markup can only help a search engine distinguish between a site that is done technically well, and one that has great content.
SEO is a constantly evolving field and the advent of technology has further given much-needed thrust to it. As more and more business continue to tap into the capabilities abound of internet, we have been deluged with a wide array of tools, which are being employed in the SEO arena. Further, such tools have streamlined major operations of essence in the SEO and have changed the face of the way we accomplished SEO in the past.
SEMrush is a powerful tool, which is utilized into gauging whether our website has adequate quotient of health or not. Further, during our operations to gain outreach and accomplish link-building activities, we employ SEMrush in order to check into the number of keywords ranked for by the website in Google. In addition, In case we come across sites boasting of high volume of inbound links but still there exists no keyword, ranked in SEMrush, then there are chances that those sites have been penalized. In addition, we can look into the aspect of organic traffic to measure out if any massive drop has struck the site. In the event of it, we understand that visit to the site will render our purpose ineffective. Additionally, we employ SEMrush into the domain of keyword research. We take the note of top sites, featuring against a primary keyword. In the subsequent course of action, we peruse the websites for the keywords, which they have been ranked for. Combination of keywords list with a number of sites in the industry would yield an exhaustive keywords list.
BuzzSumo is touted to be more of a social tool than SEO tool. However, in the recent times, it has been the case that social media and SEO have become inalienably integrated into each other. This has prompted the need for BuzzSumo into the arena of SEO activities. BuzzSumo is chiefly utilized in the search for ideas regarding visual, social, and blog content. Once repository of keywords has been created, these keywords are looked for in BuzzSumo. The purpose behind it is to churn out the ways of entitling the content. Moreover, BuzzSumo comes across as a one-stop solution when we seek to employ brainstorming to acquire ideas for new info-graphics.
In the end, it is worth concluding that a large number of online marketing companies have integrated standardized SEO practices into their operations. Also, such tools are pivotal to effective SEO practices. Thus, in order to reap the most out of your association with the SEO Company make it a point to ensure that aforementioned tools are employed into operations of the company.
The moment, which had been long overdue, finally surfaced on 10th August 2015, when Sundar Pichai, an IIT-alumnus was announced as the new CEO of Google Minus (a slimmed down version of Google). This announcement was an outcome of re-structuring, which prompted creation of a mother company, Alphabet.
Brainchilded Google Chrome
Sundar has climbed up the verticals in a very short span of time. Started out at Google in 2004, when he was assigned to building the Google Toolbar, which allowed Google to be a default search engine on different browsers, the course of next few years saw him taking over Chrome, Google’s web browser. The introduction of Chrome to the world in 2008 had created waves in the tech world as tech buffs cast doubts on the capabilities of Chrome to stack up against Internet Explorer and Firefox.
Glorious Journey Marked with Glorious Achievements
As the time rolled on, Sundar bagged more feathers to his cap and assumed the role of vice-president. Subsequently, he was promoted to the position of senior vice-president in the year 2013 following his expanding portfolio, when he nailed down Android into his covetous achievements. In the ensuing course of activities, he was placed into the role of Google’s product chief and he assumed the responsibility for the management of affairs of Google software products including YouTube.
Considering the surge in the number of Smartphone users worldwide, Google treated its visitors with a couple of delightful surprises last week.
According to the CMO’s Guide to Mobile Marketing, over the past 4 years, Smartphone usage had grown by 394% and tablet usage had been up by 1,721%. Moreover, the combined usage of both these platforms was estimated to account for 60% of the entire digital media time of an individual.
Thus, tapping on the vast possibilities of the growth in Smartphone and mobile devices, earlier this week, Google tested its newest features for mobile devices. The new test by Google revealed the Google logo centred atop the search results, with a large search box beneath and a minimalist blue navigational menu.
Apart from the cosmetic change, the red “slow label” test by Google back in February was revived once again. When, a little yellow warning sign was placed next to the websites that load slow on the Google search results.
The explosive growth in mobile device usage has raised the bar for emerging businesses worldwide. And, with Google rolling out new features, it’s time that your organization learns to connect with its target consumer.
A few days ago, Google announced a number of changes to their feed specifications for Shopping Campaigns. While some of these changes are expected to affect only certain markets, there are others that may affect advertisers globally.
These changes go into effect from September 15th, 2015. Advertisers can log on to Google to see if their feeds comply with the new specifications mentioned under the Diagnostic tab within Google Merchant Center.
Here’re the highlights of the current update:
Google Shopping Feed Specification
- Units & Quantity attributes are now available for products sold in bulk for US users.
- Guiding Principles around the ID Attribute and GTINs have now been tightened.
- Apparel and Variants will now be available under a new section described as Detailed Product Attributes and Item Groupings.
- Users can use his ID from the new list of Google Product Category IDS, rather than conventionally having to enter the complete Product Category path.
- The requirements for GTINs and ID Attributes have been tightened.
- Shipping requirements which enable the total price to show to users, has been extended to Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Italy, Spain and Japan.
Improvements brought to the Product Taxonomy are only recommendations and not rules. However, some categories have been retooled significantly. These include: Arts & Crafts, Decor, Hardware, Sporting Goods and motor Vehicle Parts.
Moreover, many child categories have been eliminated from the list. The full list of 2015 changes is now available on Google Merchant Center Help.
The last few years have seen a surge in Smartphone traffic. However, conversion still remains a daunting task for most e-commerce sites.
The 2015 quarterly reports of various Digital Marketing companies reflect that there has been a tremendous growth in Smartphone traffic; although saying that the Smartphone transactions remained flat.
According to the reports (drawn from various client bases):
- Smartphone traffic swelled to 269 percent over Quarter 1, which was 27 percent of the overall traffic received.
- Additionally, Smartphone orders increased to about 104 percent, accounting to 13 percent of all transactions made online.
Despite the influx of mobile shoppers, Desktop users still spend the most on buying online. The recorded sales on an average for Desktop users amounted to 54.8% in the first quarter, versus 27% for Smartphone and 19% for Tablet-based shoppers.
Improving User Experience
Often users complain about how gruesome their e-commerce experience is – especially when using a mobile phone. They often complain about secure payment gateways.
The idea of asking someone to register, enter personal details and credit/debit card information on a Smartphone is usually not well accepted by customers. To counter this issue, many companies have started implementing the “remember me” feature.
The need for the hour is innovation. If you really wish to scale your e-commerce website up the profit bandwagon, it’s time to switch to a mobile responsive website!
Recent researches have concluded that global brands and retail marketing activities will reach an estimated value of $200 billion by December 2015, due to the unprecedented growth of mobile users worldwide.
A study conducted by Juniper Research, observed that nearly 70% of the net increase on digital advertising concentrated on mobile and handheld devices. According to this study, brand strategies have evolved over a period of time and now global brands have started to concentrate on advertisement campaigns outside Omni-channel digital environment.
Influx in Digital Marketing Investment
The main factors behind the migration to Smartphones and Tablets include their capability to deliver timely, personalized advertising campaigns. According to Juniper Research, in case of mobile coupons, the redemption rates were found to be significantly higher, when compared to traditional mechanisms such as direct mail or newspaper/magazine coupons.
Additionally, it was observed that the potential for using predictive analytics was high on mobile devices, with the retailers being able to tailor advertising and product promotion as per user’s browsing history.
Digital Marketing: Giving Your Business a Definitive Edge
The beauty of mobile and digital marketing is that, it plays a pivotal role throughout the entire retail lifecycle. Right from product discovery, to purchases and enhancing user experience, digital marketing can help deliver personalized advertisement for greater marketing results. | <urn:uuid:037e1004-423d-47d5-b08b-c586ce439773> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.brainworkindia.net/blog/category/news/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00550-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945522 | 3,698 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Design and implement a general API for control of LED and LCD type devices on NetBSD. The API would allow devices to register individual LED and LCD devices, along with a set of capabilities for each one. Devices that wish to display status via an LED/LCD would also register themselves as an event provider. A userland program would control the wiring of each event provider, to each output indicator. The API would need to encompass all types of LCD displays, such as 3 segment LCDs, 7 segment alphanumerics, and simple on/off state LED's. A simple example is a keyboard LED, which is an output indicator, and the caps-lock key being pressed, which is an event provider.
There is prior art in OpenBSD; it should be checked for suitability, and any resulting API should not differ from theirs without reason.
- a port of OpenBSD's LED tools
- a userland tool to control LED
- demonstration of functionality
- integration into NetBSD | <urn:uuid:64cd5e61-cd4e-4826-8355-ee1d38ec9c8a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://wiki.netbsd.org/projects/project/ledapi/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721558.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00044-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935108 | 203 | 1.804688 | 2 |
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Survival Strategies for Economics
Different courses are taught different ways, so not all basic economics courses are equivalent. Two major types of economics courses are macroeconomics and microeconomics. Each of these categories often has a secondary introductory level teaching theory specific to that level of analysis. | <urn:uuid:d2ce6712-b0f4-46f6-a136-be26f423826b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://free-onlinecourses.com/best-online-economics-courses/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.915062 | 998 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Abbey Road Studios is celebrating 80 years of glorious recordings. The studio is located at No. 3 Abbey Road in St. John’s Wood, London. Its roots trace back to the Gramophone Company, which converted a century-old nine-bedroom Georgian townhouse into a state-of-the-art recording facility to move into the electronic age of recording. The studio opened in 1931 and was first used to record the London Symphony Orchestra’s performance of Falstaff. Later than year, the Gramophone Company merged with its greatest competitor, the Columbia Gramophone Company, to form Electric & Musical Industries Ltd. (“EMI”). A detailed summary of the history of EMI appears at pages 407- 409 in “Beatles For Sale on Parlophone Records.”
At the time the Beatles recorded at Abbey Road in the sixties, the studio was known as EMI Studios. The release of the group’s “Abbey Road” LP in 1969 brought widespread awareness of the studio when reviewers stated that the album was named after the Beatles favorite recording studio. As word spread, fans throughout the world dropped by the studio and often had their pictures taken in groups of four walking across the zebra crossing (crosswalk) immortalized on the album’s cover. EMI officially changed the studio’s name to Abbey Road Studios in 1970.
Bruce will be in London this weekend (March 11, 2012) to attend a special 80th anniversary event at Abbey Road.
To learn more about the studio, click here to be directed to the Abbey Road Studios website, which has a LIVE crossing webcam showing the famous crosswalk 24/7. It’s amazing how often you will spot fans imitating the Beatles famous stroll across the street. Who knows, you may even spot someone you know! Bruce will be walking through the zebra crossing on Sunday, March 11. | <urn:uuid:28edd3cf-99b6-4dc5-b179-3879befc9e90> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.beatle.net/bruce-heading-to-london-to-celebrate-abbey-road-studios-80th-anniversary/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00018-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956013 | 394 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Setting up an online learning site involves a lot of different steps. In order to build the most comfortable learning environment for your students, you’ll need a properly built and managed website that is both user-friendly and comprehensive. Using the right control panel, site templates, formatting and other tools will help you create the best virtual learning environment for all of your students. However, perhaps the most important tool you’ll need when building your online learning site will be the content management system. Since the main method of teaching will be by providing edifying content to the student, you’ll need to have a method of effectively managing and assigning this content. Moodle CMS lets you do this in so many ways.
Perhaps one of the most useful tools provided in the Moodle CMS are the student assessment tools. These tools will let you monitor student progress as they proceed through each lesson. Moodle CMS offers a variety tracking tools that will let you know how each student is performing in certain tasks.
Student Teacher Communication
With Moodle CMS, you can create an online community complete with forums and chat rooms, where students can interact with each other and their teachers. You can also build wikis that students can contribute to, and other useful databases. With the Moodle CMS communication tools, students and teachers can maintain constant communication with each other.
Moodle CMS multimedia lets teachers use more than just basic text files to teach. Teachers can upload comprehensive video and audio files to enrich the learning experience for their student. Users can also employ interactive learning tools that make the learning process more fun. For this reason, many educational institutions have adopted the Moodle CMS for use in the classroom, in combination with conventional teaching methods.
Plugins and Addons
Users of the Moodle CMS system will also find a plethora of plugins online contributed by other users that will let them extend the functionality of their CMS even further. Addons can be found that provide a variety of learning tools that enhance the entire educational process., such as course enrollment, and task assignment and scheduling. There are even plugins that let the teacher create math and word puzzles/games for their students. You can even hire a programmer, or create extra plugins yourself, as Moodle CMS is an open source software.
In a virtual environment it can be difficult to keep your students interest in learning, especially when the content provided to them is mundane and simple. With Moodle CMS, you can give your students a friendly, fun learning environment that keeps them engaged in all of their assignments. Teachers can offer a plethora of incentives and other motivational techniques that, along with multimedia lessons, make the entire educational process appealing to the student. Using the Moodle CMS, users can be sure they are giving their student an enjoyable learning tool that is expandable, flexible, comprehensive and useful. | <urn:uuid:a36a5307-4f2c-47a6-b932-1d7bf3bf77b2> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://webhostinggeeks.com/blog/moodle-cms-solution-for-educational-sites/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720941.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00519-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93934 | 571 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Portfolio managers and traders will decide which ICOs to enter and which to avoid, which currencies to buy and sell, and they promise to produce gains on your investment. They take a portion of the profits as management and performance fees in return. Early crypto funds had a huge success and that has spurred other players, including traditional financial experts, to enter the crypto industry. According to a recent report by financial research firm Autonomous Next, there are now more than 100 funds, a big majority of them launched in 2017 and 2018. A total of more than $2 billion is handled by the funds, which is a large sum for a nascent sector that has yet to see the turn of the decade.
|2||Galaxy Digital Assets Fund||https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Novogratz|
|17||Alphabet Coin Fund||https://alphabetcoinfund.com/| | <urn:uuid:5e8d4be6-9f3e-4d18-85f9-b02691e3f7c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kamelilawgroup.com/digital-currency-blockchain-technology-law-and-litigation/cryptocurrency-funds/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.723226 | 653 | 1.546875 | 2 |
St Luke tells us in today’s Gospel reading about how Jesus
healed a crippled woman. Despite this restorative act of God
there was outrage from synagogue leader because the healing
had been performed on the Sabbath. Where in our lives do we
grumble against the good things that God has done for others?
- Jesus Christ, Healer of the sick, help me see where you
have acted so that I can praise God, rather than embracing
hypocrisy and futile anger. May I celebrate the wonderful
things you have done for others.
- Give thanks for the work and witness of the Anglican
Church of Korea, the Daehan Seong Gong Hoe.
Text: Robert McLean
© Anglican Board of Mission, 2022 | <urn:uuid:0d554863-db04-4b63-ade8-44ee32339491> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.saintbarnabas.com.au/2021/01/26/abm-reflection-10th-july/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.929994 | 158 | 1.765625 | 2 |
A fourth-generation Montanan, cellist Lee Zimmerman grew up in Billings and attended Senior High School, where he was just a year behind another future Missoulian, artist Dirk Lee. Zimmerman remembers Lee painting a microcosmic circular mural on the wall between the second and third floors of the high school in 1967.
“Last time I was there was 10 or 15 years ago,” Zimmerman recalls, “and it was still there. Hope it still is. It was an incredible statement of the times.”
Zimmerman didn’t graduate in 1969 like he was supposed to. Swept away by all the youth rebellion in the air?
“Oh, no,” he says, a dry chuckle not quite eclipsing his reluctance to discuss the specifics. “It was much more complicated than that. As you know, Billings is a very conservative town. Let’s just say that back in those days, they freaked out and threw a lot of us away.”
Appreciated. After high school, Zimmerman got into the building trade and stayed there for 30 years. Twenty of those were spent in Missoula, he says, where he made a comfortable living “designing custom luxury homes for rich people” before deciding to hang it up about five years ago.
“I got extremely tired of it,” he explains. “And I lost my soul. Music was really the key to getting it back and getting myself together, and the cello was the biggest thing. It was just what I needed, only it took me awhile to realize it.”
Zimmerman had picked up the cello at a young age (“I went to music school and everything!” he enthuses) and kept at it fairly regularly until he was 27, when he sustained a relatively minor injury to his left hand that nonetheless ended his cello playing.
“It was a very simple injury,” he says, “but it had pretty grave consequences.”
When he did take it up again, he decided to go about learning the instrument again a little differently.
“I made a vow that I was never going to play classical music again,” he says, implying that he found the orthodoxies somewhat stifling. “I mean, jazz is one thing—what I can do on the cello is way out of the box. Technically speaking, it’s a whole new world.”
One traveling companion in this new world is friend and collaborator Radoslav Lorkovic, a Croatian-born pianist and all-around keyboard wiz. Lorkovic was recommended to Zimmerman by a mutual acquaintance, Missoula musician Beth Bramhall, whom Zimmerman remembers as saying, “’You gotta meet this guy!’” On the strength of Bramhall’s recommendation, he started booking solo performances for Lorkovic at the Symes Hotel in Hot Springs, but was unable to attend the first few shows. He finally met the pianist, he recalls, walking around in the nearby woods. Lorkovic encouraged him to turn up for the performance that night with his cello.
“Two songs into the set, he said, ‘Hey, where’s that cello player?’ I got up there and it was like we were two brothers, honest-to-God amazing. We’d never even heard each other play, and it was just terrific.”
Zimmerman also admits to being blown away by Lorkovic’s CV, which includes collaborations with Greg Brown, Patty Larkin, Joe Price and many others. He compares playing with Lorkovic to being “shot out of a cannon,” and admits that it’s also very tiring for the fingers.
Luckily, his technique and stamina might be the best they’ve been since before the hand injury some 25 years ago. Zimmerman says when his hand was still hurting six or eight months after taking the instrument up again, he finally went to a doctor to find out if any new surgical innovations had popped up in the intervening quarter-century.
“He said, ‘Nope, I won’t do nothing to it. Make it hurt and it’ll probably get better.’ It cost me $175 to find that out!”
On his way home, though, Zimmerman tuned into a Stephane Grappelli tribute to Django Reinhardt on the radio. It had a catalytic effect on him.
“That guy had three fingers fused together by a fire and he still played. I just told myself, ‘Hell, I’m gonna go home and make that son of a bitch hurt!’”
The hand never hurts now, he says, even after practicing for at least two—and sometimes four or five—hours every day. He’s even playing classical music again.
“Because it’s wonderful,” he exclaims, adding that he’s currently lavishing time on some Bach sonatas. “And it’s incredibly good for technique.”
On that subject, Zimmerman has at least one eccentricity that might give colleagues like Yo Yo Ma pause: his habit of sometimes playing with the cello slung in a strap so he can stand up and walk around. It’s liberating, he says.
“Of course,” he adds, “the truth is that it’s quite a bit easier to play sitting down...” | <urn:uuid:9e5c4189-6bd7-411d-a954-db0793d5c8d4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://missoulanews.bigskypress.com/missoula/cellist-at-large/Content?oid=1135425 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00246-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981486 | 1,175 | 1.5 | 2 |
Interior decorating and design goes way beyond homes – think restaurants, hotels, spas, art galleries, model homes, corporate offices, even bed and breakfast inns.
Starting with small re-design jobs is often a great way to get your foot in the door by proving your skills and expertise, so don’t rule out big jobs: just make the right connections!
Many successful decorators suggest choosing a specific market that interests them, and they specialize in that niche. This allows them to more easily become an expert in their specialty and therefore attract more customers with less effort.
Starting Your Decorating Business:
You want to build a portfolio, choose the services you want to offer, price your services, set up a home office, pick a business name, design a logo, order business cards and other office supplies, locate furnishing suppliers and of course – find clients.
Not sure how to price your design services? No problem – there’s help for that with Price Estimating for Designers.
Below is a handy guide to help you get started. There is also an example interior design business plan that you can check out to get ideas for planning your own company.
INTERIOR DECORATOR QUICK-START GUIDE
Interior Design and Decorating Experts, including Interior Design TV Show Host Debbie Travis, have compiled their years of knowledge and experience into a information-packed guide for interior decorators who want to launch their own businesses.
- Ways to teach yourself interior decorating, tips for creating an impressive portfolio, pricing your services, where to find suppliers and setting up an office.
- How to start with little or no money, find clients with minimal effort and do
an impressive client consultation.
- How to get up to a 50% discount on decorating materials, get free media publicity to grow your business and sample forms and documents that you can use to manage your business. | <urn:uuid:f05e5e43-e48b-40b9-ac11-e6302ba4b4ba> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.homebusinesscenter.com/businesses/home-services/interior-decorating/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00334-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92951 | 396 | 1.570313 | 2 |
The vertical axis is gains by the LINC group, in terms of Canadian Language Benchmark levels, over and beyond gains made by a comparator group (i.e., if both groups had equal gains, the graph would show zero) of immigrants who had not received language training. The horizontal axis is the number of hours that the LINC students spent in class. It wasn't clear to me how they determined the number of hours for the control group, since they didn't go to class, but presumably they looked at the length of time it took for the LINC group to accumulate 500, 750, and 1000 hours and used those same intervals to test the comparator group. Also, since the two groups weren't exactly comparable, observable differences were controlled for using regression analysis.
At the first test point, only reading and writing gains were significantly larger in the LINC group, but as time went on, the LINC group significantly outpaced the controls in all skills.
According to the table below, the difference in apparent trajectories for the four skills seems to be most affected by how well the control group did outside of LINC courses. The LINC students appear to progress at a similar rate across all skills (0.16 benchmarks between listening, which increased the least and reading, which increased most), while the comparison group were much more uneven (0.45 benchmarks between reading, which increased the least, and speaking, which increased the most). It seems that [edit: outside of a LINC course] speaking is [edit: the skill that is] most readily improved
Table 5‑3: Comparing mean difference scores (uncontrolled)
|Current assessment – original assessment|
(Found through a Linked In group posting about this video) | <urn:uuid:43b313e4-2c7a-452b-86e7-cf312c9bc494> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://english-jack.blogspot.com/2012/04/effectiveness-of-linc-programs.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.970033 | 436 | 2.640625 | 3 |
A top Vatican aide has implored the international community to intervene in Pakistan after the incident where an angry mob tortured and burned alive a Christian couple killing them after accusing them of committing blasphemy.
Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran described as "barbaric" the act of a mob cornering a man and woman, and beating the two to death when he spoke to Vatican Radio.
The World Council of Churches also condemned the brutal act.
An enraged Muslim on November 4 mob charged an earthenware facility where a Christian couple lived accusing them of blasphemy after it was said the woman burnt Quran pages while cleaning her quarters.
"When something this barbaric happens, one is naturally left speechless," said Tauran, the president of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue.
"What is even more serious is the specific reference to religion," he continued. "No religion can justify crimes of this kind." The blasphemy law raised the issue of whether the international community should intervene.
Cardinal Tauran said the Church must denounce such violent acts publicly, with consistency and force. He said he hopes Islamic leaders will do the same as Muslims are victimized by these acts of violence as well, as they present a negative image of Islam.
While people's religious beliefs ought to be respected, Tauran underscored the need for continuous dialogue given the predicament of minorities in many places such as in Pakistan.
He pointed out that blasphemy laws such as the one enforced in Pakistan presented a problem not only for Christians but also other minority groups.
Pakistan's blasphemy law carry the death sentence and critics of it say it is frequently used by members of the Muslim majority to settle scores or disagreements with members of minority groups.
"There have been approximately 60 executions since 1990, the year when the blasphemy law came into force," he explained.
"And this does not just affect Christians, other minorities are also targeted: lawyers who oppose the regime, for example, are also barbarically killed. So we are faced with a big problem."
Tauran conceded that the Vatican's hands are bound since the incident is entirely a domestic issue. The closest thing the local church can do is to help lawmakers solve problems by finding creative resolutions.
"Right now we cannot intervene in a country's domestic affairs but we must at least help politicians find human and civilised solutions," Cardinal Tauran said.
World Council of Churches secretary general Rev. Olav Fykse Tveit said in a statement, ""The protection and security of all citizens regardless of their religious affiliation is a core responsibility of the government of Pakistan, as is putting an end to human rights violations and extra-judicial killings.
"To promote tolerance, religious harmony and protection of rights of Christians as well as other religious minorities in Pakistan, it is important to ensure justice," Tveit said.
Peter Prove, director of the WCC's Commission of the Churches on International Affairs said, "This incident appears to be yet another tragic example of how the social environment created by Pakistan's blasphemy laws allows personal disputes and vendettas to be pursued under religious pretexts, encouraging mob violence."
The WCC said media reports indicated that the origins of this incident lay in a financial dispute between the couple and their employer, a local brick kiln owner. | <urn:uuid:a7534a38-cf87-4a2a-a49f-6bceca944fdd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ecumenicalnews.com/article/vatican-aide-outraged-over-slaying-of-pakistan-couple-accused-of-blasphemy/27168.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.96035 | 675 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tales are known for appealing characters who overcome adversity, making the stories accessible to readers of all ages. From "Thumbelina" and "The Princess and the Pea" to "The Little Mermaid" and "The Traveling Companion," these 18 tales are not only entertaining but enlightening too. Included are 26 full-page color drawings by acclaimed illustrators Arthur Rackham, W. Heath Robinson, and Harry Clarke - along with dozens of pen-and-ink images - that add a soft artistic touch to the stories, making this volume a treasured keepsake. Textured cloth cover features intricate foil stamping and a full-color illustration. A ribbon bookmark ensures that you never lose your place. | <urn:uuid:e98834f5-b806-4c2b-9262-38285556114d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://poetscornerbookshop.com/products/hans-christian-andersens-fairy-tales | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.940046 | 149 | 1.726563 | 2 |
He is one those people who was born in wealth, son of an art collector, who started out with a trust fund of $250,000 and whose net worth is running in billions now. He is famously known as the “homeless billionaire” because despite all his prosperity he didn’t own a home until 2017. Nicholas sold his apartment, which was filled with French antiques, on the 31st floor of the Pierre Hotel in Manhattan; he did the same with his house in Miami too. The irony is that he is a real estate tycoon and owns a chain of hotels. He travels a lot and he mostly stays in hotels several months in a year. When asked why he believes he doesn’t wish to bogged down by physical possessions any longer. In 2017 he forfeited this philosophy. He now owns a $40 million house perhaps with the hope to provide a steady place for his two children to grow up in.
Robert Klark Graham
Robert Klark Graham who made millions with shatterproof lenses for eyeglasses and contact lenses didn’t sit on his laurels. He then went on to founded a sperm bank called Repository for Germinal Choice for which he would tagged as a racist for the remainder of his life. In an unprecedented move he designed a lab that would receive blood from only white high-achievers to produce “super-kids”. The sperm bank is now closed but it is claimed to have produced 229 children during its 19 years of operation.
A Chinese Internet Entrepreneur best known for being the founder and CEO of Zoom Company had his first visualization of Zoom in his college days. He used to travel ten hours in a train to meet his then girlfriend. Struggling with this long distance relationship he began to daydream about a technology that would solve this issue. It took him a while to get there. Since then he has had eight attempts to go the USA through denial of visa. It’s only in 2012 as a well-established businessman in the Silicon Valley that he managed to finally launch Zoom. The company, although is not primarily used by despondent lovers, is now used by more than 750000 companies to keep their team connected.
Sheila Lirio Marcelo
Born in a business oriented Asian family, Sheila sought inspiration for a business since a very early age. She finally found her inspiration during the struggles in her personal life. She became a young mother of two children and also had to take care of her ailing father – a typical product of the sandwich generation. While spending hours arduously in the yellow pages she realized that she could have her own startup to solve this pressing social issue. The first website of care.com was launched in 2006 and is now the largest caregiver online company in the world with a presence in 20 countries and 32.9 million members.
John’s Crazy Socks
In 2016 John, the youngest of son in the Cronin family wasn’t complaining about the thousand worries a kid with Down syndrome can suffer from. He was then in high school and he was clear that he wanted to work with this dad. He finally struck upon the idea of selling socks based on his own fascination for crazy socks’. John and his dad hit success early. Within the first year they shipped more than 42,000 orders and brought in $1.7 million in revenue. The customers were particularly touched by how the nearby deliveries were handed over with a personal note and a candy. Despite the success John continues to be a passionate advocate for people with Down syndrome, autism and other disabilities. John’s Crazy Socks employs almost two third of its employees with autism and Down syndrome and for every sock sold, they donate 5% to the Special Olympics. | <urn:uuid:c46dd5a8-e28d-484d-8c5a-ed78aa849113> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://noworkerleftbehind.org/2022/06/28/interesting-and-inspirational-business-stories/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.987497 | 781 | 1.5 | 2 |
The response from many organizations has been to ask their broker or insurance company to provide solutions for wellness in the workplace. While we applaud the efforts to create a more healthy workforce, we are dismayed by the obvious disconnects and inefficiencies of many of these programs purchased by well-intentioned employers.
The problem with this scenario is that insurance is a financial tool that happens to be applied to health; the expertise lies in finance, not health. Most brokers offer products for a fee and most insurers are interested in lowering claims by looking only at the system in place – where dollars are coming in and going out. The response within the traditional insurance industry has been to create “plug and play” products, with financial rewards and punishment as the basis for using the products.
This perpetuates the misunderstanding of wellness and often alienates those employees who need the most help. True success in wellness is not about creating an environment of fear, shame or better than… It is a shared experience that comes about when people feel a sense of belonging and caring wherever they are in each moment.
In this context, leadership has an opportunity, arguably a responsibility, to offer a community of deep care that extends beyond the roles of bosses and worker bees with wellness players and losers. Employees are people with hearts and feelings and families, not consumers or commodities.
Creating wellness programs
that enhance success will arise through intuitive, enlightened and caring leadership, and these subtle, yet tangible shifts in the culture of the workplace serve as a catalyst for real well-being. In creating wellness programs that meet your organizations unique needs, we invite you to consider the following: | <urn:uuid:11c7db2b-cf65-4ecd-971f-894c7756afd7> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.hrmonline.ca/hr-news/dare-to-care-urges-top-ceo-199980.aspx?p=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719677.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00560-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966811 | 331 | 1.648438 | 2 |
While the pretty young thing was only slightly more linguistically proficient than Maria, her enthusiasm equaled the older woman's and the town was duly blanketed with election literature.
The result, while linguistically more uniform and pleasing, often lacks the spontaneity of medieval literature.
Linguistically they can be divided into several groups such as Turks, Mongols and Huns, but they were from time to time united into states representing more than one group, and their armies were recruited, like the Janissaries, from all the military races in the neighbourhood.
(ii.) The Burmese are linguistically allied to the Tibetans, and probably entered Burma from the north-west.
Its territory comprises chiefly districts of the Baltic provinces of the Russian Empire, which linguistically or ethnographically belonged to the Letts, whence the name of Latvia as a new nation-state.
How would you define linguistically? Add your definition here. | <urn:uuid:88ba739b-cf0a-4d24-baa2-271d80837d4d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.yourdictionary.com/linguistically | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00312-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970416 | 193 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Sprue Pickers Information
How to Select Sprue Pickers
Sprue pickers are industrial robots that are designed to remove sprue from molded parts. The term “sprue” refers to the passage through which liquid or molten material is introduced, and to the excess material that forms. During plastic molding operations, the material in the sprue solidifies and must be removed from the finished part.
How Sprue Pickers Work
Sprue pickers are pick-and-place machines that feature vertical motion and a horizontal swing arm. Most are pneumatically-driven, with an air cylinder that operates at about 60 to 80 psi. First, a vertical main-stroke follows the centerline and grips the sprue. After the pneumatic cylinder returns to the vertical up position, the horizontal arm extends and releases the sprue. Typically, this excess material is dropped into a tote, or released into a granulator for regrinding. An unloader then returns the regrind to the hopper, where the sprue is mixed with virgin material and reintroduced into production.
Types of Sprue Pickers
The GlobalSpec SpecSearch database contains information about both manual and automated sprue pickers.
- Manual sprue pickers are suitable for applications where operating time is not critical, and the number of mold changes is limited. Some suppliers refer to these machines as simple or mechanical sprue pickers.
- Automated sprue pickers are recommended for applications where rapid operating times are important, and there are a large number of mold changes. These machines are controlled by microprocessors, and operators can program complex sequences of mold changes into memory.
Semi-automatic sprue pickers may also be available.
Buyers of swing-type industrial robots need to specify both the swing angle and swing direction. Typically, the swing angle ranges from 50 to 90 degrees. The swing direction can be to the operator side or to the rear side. Mold clamping force, which is typically measured in tons, is also important to specify.
Additional parameters for sprue pickers include power voltage, control method, working pressure, and maximum allowable pressure. There are three components to the adjustable stroke: descent, kick, and swing. Buyers of sprue pickers should also consider air consumption per cycle, maximum weight capacity, and the weight of the robot. | <urn:uuid:62a1c2eb-6823-4434-aa22-a5ed3077e90c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.globalspec.com/learnmore/manufacturing_process_equipment/manufacturing_equipment_components/robots_robotic_accessories/sprue_pickers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00154-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.888163 | 487 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Green Exploration - Paint
This is an exploration in the colour green, our eyes perceive more shades of green than any other colour, making it, to us, the most varied colour in the world. Following 6 different places on one plant over the course 9 hours, charting the colours over the day as the sunlight changed, from morning till evening. A study of how light changes our perception of colour. Hand painted colour samples, with their corresponding contrasting and hidden colours.
All photographs, styling and content by Paisley Fried unless stated. | <urn:uuid:ed511237-4916-4a4c-9b6e-5114d0a474d7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://paisleyfried.com/Green-Exploration-Paint | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.862864 | 115 | 1.867188 | 2 |
The poster commemorating SEKISUI Chemical Company’s 50th Anniversary Kaizen presentation convention in Kyoto, Japan was designed by SEKISUI SPI’s Meaghan Troup, Marketing and Graphics Coordinator. Entries were received from all over the world and judged by the marketing team at SEKISUI Chemical. Congratulations, Meaghan! Kaizen (literally, “change good”) is the Japanese manufacturing practice of continuous improvement built on the principal that big results come from many small changes over time.
Each January, groups from SEKISUI Chemical companies in Japan, North America, Mexico, China, Europe, and Asia-Oceania convene in Kyoto to share Kaizen presentations to help each other improve. Presentations are judged by a panel and prizes are awarded to the winning Kaizen team.
Read more about SEKISUI Chemical Co. here.
Poster Design Concept: Origami
Origami has been integral to Japanese culture since the 7th century. More than a simple paper craft, origami is an art form and mathematical puzzle, which requires thought, patience, and perseverance.
The “Further Continuation and Expansion” of Kaizen requires the same disciplines of thought, patience, and perseverance, though on a broader scale. In origami one may follow a set of instructions precisely to achieve the desired results, but experimentation with paper folds can lead to new forms. Likewise, following the guidelines of Kaizen leads to a safe and healthy working environment. However, when a problem arises, investigation is necessary to create a solution.
Origami captures the idea of creating something beautiful and complex from a simplex object. In manufacturing, we must always be searching for ways to improve and grow our product, and be innovative with how our product is used. The design concept of origami birds emerging from a light bulb symbolizes our creative ideas taking flight and breaking through the mundane. | <urn:uuid:c255cb40-7310-4783-af12-156db72d0df3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kydex.com/sekisui-spi-employee-creates-commemorative-milestone-anniversary-kaizen-poster/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.935623 | 396 | 2.078125 | 2 |
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